Genotype and Phenotype

Put these parts of a cell in a human in order from biggest to smallest: gene nucleus DNA molecule chromosome Copy and complete:

Body cells contain __ pairs of ________. In each pair, one comes from Mum and the other from __. Each chromosome is one long molecule of __. Sections on the DNA molecule that code for a specific _____ are called ____. The base sequence of each gene vary between individuals. These gene variants are called _______. The proteins made from each allele will be slightly different causing different ____ to be observed.

 Put these parts of a cell in a human in order from biggest to smallest: nucleus chromosome DNA molecule gene Copy and complete:

Body cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. In each pair, one comes from Mum and the other from Dad. Each chromosome is one long molecule of DNA. Sections on the DNA molecule that code for a specific protein are called genes. The base sequence of each gene vary between individuals. These gene variants are called alleles. The proteins made from each allele will be slightly different causing different traits to be observed.

John

Jill

Jenny

homologous chromosomes eye colour gene

TAGCGTATC

Mat. Pat. DNA sequences of each gene John

TAACGTATC

allelesJill
TAACGTATC TAACGTATC

Jenny
TAGCGTATC TAGCGTATC

Mat.
Pat.

TAGCGTATC
TAACGTATC

Traits and Genes

Dominant allele: always expressed even if only one copy is present Recessive allele: only expressed if the dominant allele is not present.

Genotype
An organisms genotype is the specific pair of alleles that the organism carries for a particular trait. homozygous vs heterozygous

Phenotype
An organisms phenotype is the physical expression of the alleles carried. Genotype determines phenotype
Alleles code for specific protein (genotype) proteins determine the trait (phenotype)

Pure-breeding
Individual with homozygous alleles for a trait are known as pure breeders.
i.e. they only pass on one allele to their offspring