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FAA HF maintenance and ramp safety symposium Sept 3-4 2008, Orlando, Florida

Presented by

Claire Plegrin Director Human factors Product safety

Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance


An Airbus global Aircraft Life Cycle strategy

AIRBUS Policy: HFIM fully integrated within Airbus product Strategy


Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

Understand the work and adapt the work to the human

Safety

Anticipate A ti i t

and d manage effects ff t of f potential maintenance errors.

Health & Safety


AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

Minimize

risks to maintenance personnel maintainability

Improve

Maintainability

Ensure

balance between Maintenance activity needs versus operational p constraints

Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance

FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

AIRBUS Policy: HFIM fully integrated within Airbus product Strategy


Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

The safe and economic completion of an aircraft maintenance task depends upon: design characteristics of the t h i l systems technical t of f the th aircraft, i ft components, tools and equipment design of maintenance manuals, procedures and training maintenance personnel skills and competences maintenance system organisation maintenance environment
Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance 3

Airbus, as designer and manufacturer

strives to address all these factors through engineering solutions

AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

p provides support pp to the airlines provides support to aviation authorities

FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

Human Factors In Maintenance : A global A/C life cycle strategy


Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

4Maintainer Centered Aircraft Design


Entry into Concept Entry into Definition Freeze of Concept Freeze of Definition Entry into FAL First Flight Entry into Service

Concept

Flight tests Definition & Development Data For Manufacturing In Service Activities

AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

4Require Requirements

4 A global approach
based on the maintainer tasks and his environment
4

4Share
experience and lessons learnt

Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance

FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

Human Factors In Maintenance : A global A/C life cycle strategy


Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

4Maintainer Centered Aircraft Design


Entry into Concept Entry into Definition Freeze of Concept Freeze of Definition Entry into FAL First Flight Entry into Service

Concept

Flight tests Definition & Development Data For Manufacturing In Service Activities

AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

Provide Pro ide HFIM requirements

Maintainability Analysis Specific Graphic Simulations (Qualitative) Maintenance & Maintainability Evaluation Detailed Maintenance Human Error Analysis Health & Safety Analysis Ground Support Equipment (GSE) Definition Specific studies on OMS Maintainer Interface Linguistic Support and Technical Data Definition Training development

In-service maintenance event analysis

Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance

FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

Human Factors In Maintenance : A global A/C life cycle strategy


Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

4Maintainer Centered Aircraft Design


Entry into Concept Entry into Definition Freeze of Concept Freeze of Definition Entry into FAL First Flight Entry into Service

Concept

Flight tests Definition & Development Data For Manufacturing In Service Activities

AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

Provide Pro ide HFIM requirements

Maintainability Analysis Specific Graphic Simulations (Qualitative) Maintenance & Maintainability Evaluation Detailed Maintenance Human Error Analysis Health & Safety Analysis [M-H&SA] Ground Support Equipment (GSE) Definition

In-service maintenance error analysis

HF

Specific studies on OMS Maintainer Interface

Linguistic Support and Technical Data Definition Training development

during Specification phase


6 FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance

Drive Aircraft Design thru aircraft Design Requirements


Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

4 HFIM Requirement R i t Definition D fi iti


Provide suitable HF requirements q to allow right g design g first time
All valves, excluding check valves, shall have an external position indicator

AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

Servicing panels should be designed such that in-flight airflow closes them if incorrectly secured on ground

Hoisting provisions shall be furnished for components weighing 25 kg or more, and hoisting provisions should be considered on a case by case basis where components of 15 kg or more require a lift to be performed at arms length. .

Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance

FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

Human Factors In Maintenance : A global A/C life cycle strategy


Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

4Maintainer Centered Aircraft Design


Entry into Concept Entry into Definition Freeze of Concept Freeze of Definition Entry into FAL First Flight Entry into Service

Concept

Flight tests Definition & Development Data For Manufacturing In Service Activities

AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

Provide Pro ide HFIM requirements

Maintainability Analysis Specific Graphic Simulations (Qualitative) Maintenance & Maintainability Evaluation Detailed Maintenance Human Error Analysis Health & Safety Analysis Ground Support Equipment (GSE) Definition Specific studies on OMS Maintainer Interface

In-service maintenance event analysis

HF during A/C Design Design, Development & Training development Manufacturing phases
Linguistic Support and Technical Data Definition
Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance 8 FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

Maintenance Tasks Analysis during Design Phases


Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

4 Maintainability Analysis

Ensure that aircraft and tool design consider the characteristics and skills of the maintenance personnel performing maintenance activities within the context of real maintenance operations. Provide current and future programs with an homogeneous support/method to design and cascade Human Factors in maintenance requirements.

4 Specific Graphic simulations


AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

The Digital Manikin permits: A virtual maintainer to be inserted into work environment. Different postures to be analyzed. analyzed
Liner Radar support Radar

Radome

Radome/Radar floor

Lateral box Access path

Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance

FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

Frame 21

Maintenance Tasks Analysis during Design Phases


Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

4 (Qualitative) (Q lit ti ) Maintenance M i t & Maintainability M i t i bilit E Evaluation l ti

The main objective is to compel component, structures and system i t ll ti suppliers installation li to t mitigate iti t HF risks i k d during i d design. i They are required to document their analysis, including how they have mitigated HF risks by design. Suppliers are required to provide additional protections against potential HF risks associated to their equipment type, when handled by maintenance and whether installed or not on the aircraft.

AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance

10

FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

Maintenance Tasks Analysis during Design Phases


Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

4 Detailed Maintenance Human Error Analysis


1. Safety inputs
 Failure

conditions  Failure scenarios (including critical functional failure)  Investigate for potential common mode maintenance error

2 Maintenance error analysis 2.


 What

AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

AMM maintenance tasks are carried out directly on, or impacting this item?  How often will the maintenance task be performed?  Where is the maintenance task performed? During Deployment / Line & Hangar / Hangar Only  What are the steps of the maintenance task during Job Set-Up, Procedure and Close Up?  What are the potential maintenance errors?  What are the potential causes and contributing factors of each maintenance error?

3. Analyse consequences of maintenance error


 Could

the maintenance error lead to any immediate or subsequent consequences for the aircraft or equipment?  Could C ld th the maintenance i t error) )l lead dt to an i immediate di t or l long-term t Health H lth & S Safety f t consequence for the maintainer, other maintenance personnel?
 Could

the maintenance error lead to the failure condition?


11 FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance

Detailed Maintenance Human Error Analysis


Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

4 Detailed Maintenance Human Error Analysis


4. Propose solutions
What are the possible solutions to prevent the maintenance error or to eliminate the consequences of the maintenance error?

What are the possible solutions to reduce the magnitude of the maintenance error, or to reduce the magnitude of its consequences?

AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

What are the possible solutions to reduce the frequency of the maintenance error?

What are the possible solutions to ensure the detection of the maintenance error before flight?

What are the possible solutions to facilitate the recovery from the maintenance error?
Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance 12 FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

Specific Studies performed on critical HFIM issues


Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

4 Health H lth & S Safety f t Analysis A l i


Generic Data Collection
References Work situation description

1- Description of the Work context

2- Identification of the Working Height risk


Frequency Consequences for maintainer Consequences for A/C

3 Risk/hazard Magnitude estimation 3 AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

Initial Cause(s)

Duration

4- (Potential) Cause identification


Aggravating factors Identification

Hazard Analysis 5- Hazard Existing Management


Acceptability Estimation

3 Hazard management Proposals 3Management proposals


Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance 13

Identification Estimation

Implementation & Follow up


FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

Efficiently and safely perform maintenance task on-board


Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

4 Linguistic Support
Ensure maximum consistency of terminology and language Between documents and what is actually on the aircraft (labels, placards, markings, messages, etc) Between aircraft p programs g ( (cross q qualification for crew and maintenance personnel) Naming of aircraft components and functions Simplified Technical English
AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

Abbreviations Placards & Markings

Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance

14

FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

HFIM Training
Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

4 Training for Designers


theoretical and practical courses

AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance

15

FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

HFIM Training
Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

4 Training for maintenance technicians


day specific HF course supplemented by safety caution related items embedded in the course modules
to

give HF explanations when it is needed to support learning and confidence = No split between technical information / HF information
Type of risk
AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

Who Wh t What

What the risk is associated with

Effects: consequences Humans : health & safety, protection, explanation Aircraft: Safety, costs, explanations l ti

Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance

16

FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

Human Factors In Maintenance : A global A/C life cycle strategy


Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

4Maintainer Centered Aircraft Design


Entry into Concept Entry into Definition Freeze of Concept Freeze of Definition Entry into FAL First Flight Entry into Service

Concept

Flight tests Definition & Development Data For Manufacturing In Service Activities

AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

Provide Pro ide HFIM requirements

Maintainability Analysis Specific Graphic Simulations (Qualitative) Maintenance & Maintainability Evaluation Detailed Maintenance Human Error Analysis Health & Safety Analysis Ground Support Equipment (GSE) Definition Specific studies on OMS Maintainer Interface HF activities during In Service phase Linguistic Support and Technical Data Definition Training development

In-service maintenance event analysis

Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance

17

FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

Managing Proactive maintenance Maintenance errors: Error Management Manufacturer (1)


Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

4 In service maintenance event analysis


   

Address systemic maintenance issues (airlines reports) Or assess new aircraft during the design process Consider the contributing g factors and the p potential consequences q Review and adjust maintenance documentation

AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

Recommendations: Technical changes New programs Maintenance documentation Training courses Maintenance programs Communication
Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance 18 FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

Experience Feedback
Airbus Policy HF Activity throughout Design life cycle

4 In I service i lesson l l learnt t used df for f future t aircraft i ft design d i


Entry into Concept Entry into Definition Freeze of Concept Freeze of Definition Entry into FAL First Flight Entry into Service

Concept

Flight tests Definition & Development Data For Manufacturing In Service Activities

AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

Feedback ( (customer services i engineering) i i )

New design requirements from in-service experience created for future programs
Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance 19 FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS S.A.S.. S A S No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof. AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks.

AIRBUS 2005 S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential a and proprietary document.

Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance

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FAA HF maintenance & ramp safety symposium, Sept3-4, 2008, Orlando

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