INFLAMMATION OF NASAL MUCOSA

INFECTIVE
ACUTE NON-SPECIFIC - COMMON COLD SPECIFIC DIPHTHERIA CHRONIC NON-SPECIFIC - SIMPLE CHRONIC RHINITIS HYPERTROPHIC RHINITIS ATROPHIC RHINITIS RHINITIS SICCA RHINITIS CASEOSA MALIGNANT GRANULOMA STEWARTS WEGENERS SARCOIDOSIS

CHRONIC - SPECIFIC RHINOSPORIDIOSIS RHINOSCLEROMA SYPHILIS LEPROSY TUBERCULOSIS, LUPUS VULGARIS FUNGAL INFECTIONS LEISHMANIASIS

NON-INFECTIVE
ALLERGIC SEASONAL PERENNIAL VASOMOTOR

CAUSE VIRAL INFLUENZA VIRUS ADENOVIRUS RHINOVIRUS SECONDARY INFECTION COMMON STAGES INCUBATION PERIOD OF 3-4 DAYS 1. ISCHAEMIA SNEEZING, IRRITATION IN NOSE AND THROAT SHIVERING AND MALAISE

STAGES -

2. HYPERAEMIA RHINORRHOEA NASAL BLOCK CONGESTION OF NASAL MUCOSA HYPOSMIA/ ANOSMIA FEVER, HEADACHE, BODYACHE 3. SECONDARY INFECTIONSTREPTOCOCCI, PNEUMOCOCCI, HAEMOPHILUS, STAPHYLOCOCCI YELLOW GREEN DISCHARGE CONSTITUTIONAL SYMPTOMS 4. RESOLUTION 5-10 DAYS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS ALLERGIC RHINITIS INFLUENZA (FLUE) TREATMENT MAINLY SYMPTOMATIC ANALGESICS DECONGESTANTS ANTIHISTAMINICS VITAMIN C NASAL DECOMGESTANTS AND STEAM REST

CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE CHARACTERISED BY ATROPHY OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE AND TURBINATES ASSOCIATED WITH FOUL SMELL FROM THE NOSE. AETIOLOGY AGE SEX TROPICAL COUNTRIES HEREDITY HORMONAL NUTRITION VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY AUTONOMIC IMBALANCE INFECTION EXANTHAMATA ANATOMY - BROAD NOSE

SECONDARY ATROPHIC RHINITS CHRONIC SPECIFIC INFECTIONS SYPHILIS, LEPROSY, LUPUS VULGARIS, RHINOSCLEROMA EXTENSIVE SURGERY CHRONIC SINUSITIS

PATHOLOGY MUCOSA AND SUBMUCOSA ISCHAEMIA ATROPHY METAPLASIA TO CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM ATROPHY OF CILIA, MUCOSAL GLANDS

TURBINATES ATROPHY ROOMY CAVITIES BLOOD VESSELS PERIARTERITIS, ENDARTERITISOBLITERANS. ATROPHY OF NERVES ATROPHY OF OLFACTORY NERVES. SYMPTOMS FOUL SMELL ANOSMIA DRYNESS CRUSTING EPISTAXIS NASAL BLOCK

SIGNS WIDE NOSE DEPRESSION BECAUSE OF SEPTAL ATROPHY ANTERIOR RHNOSCOPY PALE, ATROPHIC CRUSTING SEPTAL PERFORATION COMPLICATIONS SINUSITIS MIDDLE EAR INFECTION ATROPHIC PHARYNGITIS MAGGOTS

INVESTIGATIONS RADIOGRAPHS VDRL TEST HAEMOGRAM NASAL SMEAR BIOPSY SKIN EXAMINATION LEPROSY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS CHRONIC RHINITIS RHINOSCLEROMA RHINITIS SICCA

TREATMENT PRIMARY CAUSE LOCAL ALKALINE DOUCHE SODIUM BIBORATE SODIUM BICARBONATE SODIUM CHLORIDE NASAL DROPS 25% GLUCOSE IN GLYCERINE OESTRADIOL ANTIBIOTIC- STREPTOMYCIN, CHLORAMPHENICOL PLACENTAL EXTRACTS

SURGICAL TREATMENT
SUBMUCOSAL GRAFTS YOUNGS OPERATION MODIFIED YOUNGS OPERATION PARTIAL CLOSURE STENSONS DUCT INTO MAXILLARY SINUS