Mahan Kosh Vol 1 Kahan Singh Nabha - English Translation

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ENCY~CLOP lEI)IA
OF
THE SIKH
LITERj~rURE
(~-H" )
VOLUME ONE
English Translation of
......
'~iiTJ
by
BRAI KA.HAN SINGH NABHA
PUBLICATION BUREAU PUNJABI UNIVERSITY, PATtL\LA

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Department of Development ofPunjabi Language

Punjabi University, Patiala
ENCYCLOPJEDIA OF THESIKH LITERATURE VOLUME ONE ( t-H) English Translation of
q.lilF.lS~d3610(d
by
)-RJTOcnr
BHAI KAHAN SINGH NABHA
ISBN : 81-302-0075-9
Year : 2006 Copies: 1100 Price : Rs.8001-
Laser Setting:
Advanced Centre for Technical Development ofPunjabi Language, Literature and Culture Punjabi University, Patiala. Published by Dr. Param Bakhshish Singh, Registrar, Punjabi University, Patiala and printed at Mis Anand Sons, Delhi.
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Dedicated to
Captain Amarinder Singh
of The House of Patiala Honourable Chief Minister of Punjab
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Patron
Swam Singh Boparai
Kirti Chakra, Padma Shri Awardee
Vice-Chancellor Punjabi University, Patiala
Project Co-ordinator
Dhanwant Kaur
Professor and Head Department of Development of Punjab,i Language Punjabi University, Patiala
Editorial Board
Prem Singh
formerly Professor of Linguistics, Delhi University, Delhi
Tejwant Singh Gill

formerly Professor of English, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar
Gurkirpal Singh Sekhon

formerly Professor of English, Punjabi University, Patiala
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Advisory Board
Bhai Ashok Singh Bagrian Major A. P. Singh S. P. S. Virdi Param Bakhshish Singh Indu Banga Jodh Singh Jaswinder Singh B. S. Sandhu
Translators
Major Gurmukh Singh Mohinder Singh Bajaj Amarjeet Singh Ohawan Hina Nandrajog Madan Lal Hasija Gurdial Singh Aarif Navrattan Kapoor Harwinder Kaur Grover T.O. Joshi Ved Agnihotri Gurwinder Kaur Kuljeet Kapoor
(G- 3"' ~~)

(Jf 3"' lftT, lTfr;:pfu 3"' Ws"r)
(lR" 3"' ffifT"??)
(~3"'~)
(ll'1tt 3"' fffiro)
(fH<mIT 3"' fl:r8ltnf)

(~3"'ff~)
(fft=fT"e 3"' !f8"3TO)

(ff~3"'ff~)
(!fffif 3"' ~) (iforg 3"' fi(FH2d~(')')
(fi(a- 3"' It'!)
Copy Editor
GlIrkirpal Singh Sekhon
ProofReaders
lnderj it Kaur Satnam Singh
Digitilization by
GlIrpreet Singh Lehal
Keyboarders
Rajinder Singh Bharti
Title Designer
Hatjit Singh
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FOREWORD
Punjabi University, Patiala feels highly honoured in presenting the first volume of the Encyclopcedia ofThe Sikh Literature, the English version of Gurushabad Ratnakar Mahan Kosh by Bhai Kahan Singh Nabha. Bhai Kahan Singh Nabha was the most erudite Sikh scholar. Bhai Sahib's erudition, vision, hard work and devotion are unmatched. Mahan Kosh, his magnum opus, over which he spent fifteen years bears eloquent testimony to his great qualities. Visualized by him as the Encyclopcedia of The Sikh Literature, it comprises the exposition of 64,263 terms, relating in the first instance to Gurmat and Gurbani. He embellished his exposition with illustrations richly drawn from seminal Sikh sources. To his exposition, so opulently illustrated, Bhai Sahib sought to provide a wider perspective. Terms relating to the ancient Hindu scriptures, masterpieces of Sanskrit literature, the Indian systems of prosody, music and medicine are explicated with as much authority. Mahan Kosh, prepared in 1926 and published in 1930, is the 12 th in the history of encyclopredias in the world. Yet the world is unaware that a Sikh scholar did this pathbreaking scholarly work single handed at that time, when no modern research facilities were available. Magnificent source of profound and varied knowledge, Mahan Kosh has remained shrouded in mystery, particularly for people in India and abroad, not well-versed in the Punjabi language. For enabling them to make the best use ofthis vast reservoir of knowledge, Punjabi University Patiala has embarked upon its English translation. This stupendous project has been made possible by the liberal grant so magnanimously sanctioned by Captain Amarinder Singh, the Chief Minister of Punjab. Major A.P. Singh, grandson ofBhai Kahan Singh, has used his tremendous persuasive skills in arranging resources for the purpose. Eight decades back, Patiala State had rendered a great service by bearing all expenses of publication of Mahan Kosh in Punjabi. The name ofthe House ofPatiala figures a second time in bringing this store of knowledge in English version before the whole world.
Vice-Chancellor Punjabi University, Patiala
Swam Singh Boparai

Kirti Chakra, Padma Shri Awardee
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PREFACE
This volume ofthe Encyclopcedia of The Sikh Literature is the English version ofthe first volume of Gurushabad Ratnakar Mahan Kosh popularly known as Mahan Kosh, Bhai Kahan Singh Nabha's creation of 1930 in four volumes. Mahan Kosh is the greatest work of scholarship till today published in Punjabi. Since the publication of its first edition, it has often been cited as the most authoritative reference work in the academic world. It is hard to think of a more cherished source of knowledge and general information about Sikhism. It presents the most comprehensive attempt to consolidate, authenticize and synthesize the knowledge of Sikh literature. It sets a trend in making an organized and systematic access to Sikh literature, philosophy, history, culture, Punjabi language as well as other ancient languages. Comprising 64,263 entries on seminal words drawn from all fields ofknowledge, Bhai Sahib put in rigorous work for fifteen years to explicate them. It is beyond human power to imagine the labour gone into the composition ofthis enormous work. The way this Encyclopredia has selected, organized, preserved and disseminated knowledge, is marvellous. It is an eloquent witness to the extraordinary phenomena of the genius of a race, the exquisite sensibility of a highly evolved and unique personality and the ethos of a particular epoch. What Bhai Kahan Singh Nabha did, was nothing short of a miracle. The Encyclopcedia of The Sikh Literature was designed to provide comprehensive and authentic version about the growth and development of Sikh literature. Sikh scriptures, Guru Granth Sahib, Dasam Granth, writings by Sikh savants form the kernal of this huge writing. No source of philosophical, historical or lexicographical skill has been spared to fulfil the purpose. To explicate the meanings of seminal words, illustrations are drawn from original sources. To my mind, the scope ofthis unimaginably grand work goes beyond these realms of knowledge. Hindu scriptures, literary epics, myths and chronicles have also been explained with equal authority. Thereby, Bhai Sahib's memorable work achieves cross-cultural proportions. To the discerning eye, the notes reveal a striking continuity of tradition from ancient to modern times. Etymologies or word-histories give interesting insights into the richness and versatility ofPunjabi language. There is no discounting ofBhai Sahib's understanding and felicity of expression. It is with great pleasure that Punjabi University, Patiala presents the translation ofthis wealth ofknowledge, to the English speaking public. We believe that the scope ofthis work is global, and reflects the needs ofthe present-day world at large. In an informal meeting with Major A.P. Singh and myself the novel and significant
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Encyclop<edia of The Sikh Literature
idea of this project was first mooted by Sardar Swarn Singh Boparai, Vice-Chancellor, Punjabi University, Patiala. Sardar Swarn Singh Boparai has an excellent futuristic vision of Punjab, Punjabi and Punjabiyat in the fast changing world. While conceptualising this project, the Vice-Chancellor held that the rich cultural heritage ofthe Punjab should be presented and projected for global requirements. Convinced ofthe validity ofthis project, I discussed it with scholars of Sikh philosophy, history, literature and language. All praised the proposal and recommended its urgent need. Some highlighted the hardships as well. They underlined how much intellectual acumen was required. We weighed the pros and cons ofour capacities and resources. After detailed deliberations with officials and scholars, we decided to take up this challenging task. We submitted the proposal to the Department ofHigher Education, Government ofPunjab for financial help. The Department cautioned us about the numerous difficulties the proposed project entailed and directed us to submit some specimens oftranslation. We did the job and the concerned officials got convinced of our capacity and commitment and the grant was sanctioned without any delay. With such an ambitious project in hand, it was necessary to plan it with requisite care. Sardar Swarn Singh Boparai, our Vice-Chancellor not only encouraged us but guided us in this venture. He took the responsibility ofseeing that the project picked up momentum and got all support from the administration. As a first step, we identified prominent scholars, to serve on the Advisory Board. These distinguished scholars drawn from the fields of religion, philosophy, history, science, language, literature and culture, were gracious enough to advise and help us for finalizing the modalities of the project. They laid down guidelines which were crucial in devising the methodology. The Advisory Board was ofthe considered opinion that the translation of Gurushabad Ratnakar Mahan Kosh (Published by Sudarshan Press, Hall Bazar, Amritsar under an arrangement with Lala Dhani Ram Chatrik) must be authentic in letter and spirit. The important guidlines laid down by the Advisory Board were: 1. To preserve the authenticity and spirit of Mahan Kosh, the original text will be kept unaltered, and unedited. No editorial activity regarding addition, deletion, correction or updating will be taken up. II. The different categories into which the original text is classified i.e. the seminal word, its grammatical form, etymology, variant meaning, usage in quotations, bibliographical entry of the quotation etc., will be accurately identified. 111. The English version of Mahan Kosh will embrace the original Gurmukhi alphabetical order of the words. The Roman transliteration of the seminal word will follow the Gurmukhi word and will be placed in parenthesis. Transliteration will be done in accordance with its spellings and not pronunciation.
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Preface
IV.
XI
The etymological words will be kept in the original script (i.e. Persian, Devnagari, Roman). v. Only original quotations will be transliterated. VI. Footnotes will be given as in the original text. Vll. Equivalent computer fonts will be prepared from Gunnukhi fonts used in Mahan Kosh. The Advisory Board, played an important role in framing tihis project and identifying the team. I am grateful to all the respected members of the A.dviisory Board for their valuable guidance and support. The Editorial Board was entrusted the task of maintaining the authenticity, standardisation and uniformity oftranslation. We were fortunate to have Dr. Prem Singh, a linguist of great repute, Dr. Tejwant Singh Gill, a Professor of English, renowned translator and scholar of English and Punjabi literature and Dr" Gurkirpal Singh Sekhon, Professor of English and British trained linguist, in the Editorial Board. The efforts of the Editorial Board have gone a long way iin awarding final shape to the translated version. After rigorous discussions, its members: laid down the parameters for maintaining uniform standard oftranslation. While editing the text they worked like missionaries. We accepted the hand-written copies from the translators. The editors vetted, copyedited, supplied missing information on their o\vn, got the material typeset and monitored till its final stage. It is worth noting that the translated text has gone through so many proofreadings before it was finalized for print order, The Editorial Board held eighteen sittings to discuss the keys and lay down rules for maintaining uniformity. For the translators, two workshops: were organized. With the sane advice ofthe senior scholars and the collective wisdom ofthe experts working in the field, we laid downsome rules which are given in the Editors' Note. The contribution of the Editorial Board is remarkable indeed. In this volume, the translation aspect of the text, has been vetted wholly by Dr. Tejwant Singh Gill. Transliteration and the related linguistic exercise has been performed by Dr. Gurkirpal Singh Sekhon. My special thanks go to both of them for their tireless contribution. They have put in enormous amount ofwork with commendable coordination. Dr. Gurkirpal Singh Sekhon was assigned the additional job of giving print order for the whole text. He has been tireless in this regard as welL The translators took on the challenging task and worked enthusiastically to complete it. It was impossible to evolve a flawless and perfect model for such a tough and complicated text dealing with numerous subjects i.e. religion, history, philosophy, literature, music, medicine and art, etc. There is no aspect oflij~:::, that this Encyclopredia has not covered. Its scope is so wide and treatment is so intensive: that no scholar can claim complete authority over the knowledge it conveys. This volume is a collective
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xii
endeavour put in by an excellent team oftranslators. An open call to scholars in the field and experts in the art oftranslation was made to assist the project. I am proud to say that senior scholars offered their services for this prestigious cause. The list of the translators to this volume is appended alongwith. I want to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to all the translators. It is worth to mention that the major part of the translation ofthis volume was done by the late Major Gurmukh Singh, a lexicographer of great dedication and compiler of the highly acclaimed Punjabi-English Dictionary, earlier published by Punjabi University, Patiala. He showed examplary commitment to this formidable task. He started his work on the very first day we organized a meeting of scholars (including Major Gurmukh Singh) to discuss the feasibility of the project and kept on working till last breath of his life. He translated all words ofthe first three Gurmukhi characters (i.e. "-, "f and 1:) included in this volume. He completed the assignment, enshrined the papers in a file for handing them over to me. That very evening, he breathed his last, thereby putting Punjabi University under a debt ofgratitude to him. This Volume has been completed in a period oftwo years. The Advisory Committee of University Scholars met on May 12,2004 to discuss its viability and opined that the project could actually start only when the Editorial Board laid down the guidelines. The Advisory Board met four times and final ized the guidelines in a workshop held on September 13,2004 in the University Campus. Hence, it has taken exactly two years to complete this task. Taking into account the magnitude of the work, we can proudly say that this project has been completed in a record time. The credit for its successful completion in record time goes to the commitment and dedication of all those who were involved in it, the Advisory Board, the Editorial Board, the translators, the keyboarders, the proofreaders, the secretarial staffand all the well-wishers. The honourable Chief Minister of Punjab, Captain Amarinder Singh has been kind enough to lend valuable support to this project. The Punjab Government, under his dynamic and visionary leadership, has liberally sanctioned a grant of rupees forty one lacs. Almost eight decades back, the Patiala State had fulfilled its obligation by bearing all expenditure for its publication. By undertaking to bring out its English version, the esteemed Chief Minister has repeated his predecessors' feat with added glory. Punjabi University has the honour to dedicate the English version of Gurushabad Ratnakar Mahan Kosh to the worthy Chief Minister. With his acumen and sharp wisdom, Sardar Swam Singh Boparai has initiated many visionary projects in Punjabi University, Patiala. The present one is the most prestigious academic endeavour. It embraces global dimensions. It was just not possible to complete this task in such a short span oftime without his patronizing persuasion, valuable guidance and administrative support. He has remained sensitive to the travails of the team and
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Preface
xiii
moved in to aid its completion. As the co-ordinator ofthe project, I felicitate him and owe him a deep debt of gratitude. Major A. P. Singh, a kin to Bhai Kahan Singh Nabha is an enthusiastic supporter and has done a lot for this project. My sincere thanks are due to him for his extensive efforts in initiating and getting this project started. The Department of Advanced Centre for Technical Development of Punjabi Language, Literature and Culture headed by Dr. Gurpreet Singh Lehal was extremely helpful in offering digitilization services to this project. Bhai Kahan Singh Nabha had created almost nineteen new fonts in Gurmukhi to meet the needs ofPersian and Sanskrit sources of Mahan Kosh. The Romanisation of Gurmukhi script needed many more fonts. The Department was very helpful in meeting all the computer problems. Mr. Rajinder Singh and Ms. Bharti under the guidance of Dr. G.S. Lehal very successfully keyboarded the text. Mr. Rajinder Singh has worked hard to consolidate the entire material into a coherent form worthy ofpublication. His contribution is highly appreciated. I am thankful to the department ofAdvanced Centre of Technical Development ofPunjabi Language, Literature and Culture for the sincere and timely cooperation. I wish to express my warm appreciation for the great assistance rendered in proof reading and editing by Mrs. Inderjit Kaur and Mr. Satnam Singh.. Without their remarkable expertise this volume would not have acquired the required standard. I would like to thank the Publication Bureau ofPunjabi University, Patiala headed by Dr. Satish Sharma, for its timely help. S. Harjit Singh's artistic and technical aid should be appreciatively acknowledged. I also want to express my gratitude to all the well wishers ofthis project. Everybody in the academics or in the administration, when asked for help, responded with enthusiasm and generosity. I am indebted to my senior faculty members and colleagues for their sincere advice and unfailing support. lowe profuse thanks to all the administrative staff ofthe department, Mrs. Harsharan Kaur in particular, for clerical contribution tirelessly rendered, without any reservation, whatsoever. This translated volume is a work of pioneering nature. Inspite of rigorous efforts put in for achieving uniformity in approach, presentation, translation and transliteration, some lapses might have remained. Nevertheless the Encyclopa~dia ofThe Sikh Literature will fulfil the intended purpose cmd prove to be a magnificient tool ofreference-work for scholars all over the world. Its publication will definitely widen the horizons, the study ofPunjabi literature, language and culture have so for claimed.. This will be of immense help to the Punjabi Diaspora as well as scholars of English who would like to study Sikh literature, history and culture. I, sincerely, believe that this prestigious publication will encourage academic and research work in the field of various kinds of studies relating to Sikhism, history, culture, language and literature ofPunjab. This wonderful store ofknowledge
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and wisdom will acquire altogether a new dimension and meaning across lands, languages, literatures and cultures. With a deep sense of gratitude and ardent hope, I feel elated and elevated while presenting this monumental work to the readers, researchers and scholars.
Department of Development of Punjabi Language Punjabi University, Patiala. September 12, 2006
Dhanwant Kaur
Professor & Head
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EDITORS' NOTE
This is the first volume ofthe English version ofBhai Kahan Singh Nabha's Mahan Kosh, also termed by him as Encyclopredia ofThe Sikh Literature, published in four volumes. The first volume, spread over 760 pages, explicates words and tenus begiIming with the first four characters ofthe Punjabi script in sequential order. Sticking to the sequential order observed by Bhai Sahib in the original, the English version maintains that without any diminution and diversion. All care is taken to maintain the authenticity ofthe original text. Each word, phrase and sentence ofBhai Sahib, figuring at whichever place in the entry, is translated into English. Quotations, given by Bhai Sahib from variegated sources and documents are transliterated in specially evolved symbols. For transliterating them, a methodology was devised, and to avoid any vagary, every effort was made to stick to rules so devised. After several deliberations, the choice ofsymbols for transliteration was decided for reasons ofconvenience and clarity ofusage. The detail ofthis methodology goes as under: SYMBOLS FOR TRANSLITERATl[ON
~, u
....
~, ==
",
0
>:
---
fT,
_T
u
;)
'" 1?t, E
>:tf, -
'n
'n
fu, fI
'it, -'1
'" "8", e
(J
fZ'm
-
Nit
1:1"
~
ak tr e
CIT
u:f
-- ' - -- --
h
"llf
kh
iii
g
11
eh
'0
j
~
gh ~r jln.
~T >
9
~
c
t
3"
--- f---- f----f-.
Jl
<!"
I). (')
th
"6"
q
~
qh
'[
r
r
t
1..[
th
G
d
If
dh
~
n
}f
P
liT
ph
0-
b
-g
bh
'<.
\
t."
;sf
~
Y
If
~
r
}:f
:or
G
----
--_.
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xvi
Encyclopredia of The Sikh Literature
TRANSLITERATION RULES
1. 2. 3. 4. Transliteration ofquoted material, long passages or short lines, is within double quotes. In Gurmukhi orthography, there are 10 vowels: 3 short, and 7 long. The short vowels are: >x/- [<'I], fulf- [I], and fI/~ [u]. The long vowels are: lW/-T [a], -a/-I [i], fI/= [u], E/~ [e], t/ :: [f], ~/~ [0], and nV:: [::J]. Gurmukhi symbols before the 'slashes' in 2) and 3) are used syllable-initially or as second part ofa diphthong, and those after the slashes, called M [l<'lga] , are hooked to the Gurmukhi consonant symbols. Final consonant in a syllable is always d-free, that is ?:fCBT [muk ta]. In qa [k<'lr] and~, 'q-' is ~ [<'Ikarat] and '0' is'ljCiBT [mukta]. ~ [<'Ikarat] means that the consonant symbol includes <'I, and'!::fC.ET [mukta] means that the consonant in question is <'I-less. To put in other words, <'I is neither marked nor pronounced after the last consonant of a syllable. Short vowels, I and u, are not normally pronounced ifhooked to the final consonant ofa word. All long vowels, on the contrary, are pronounced in all positions. Since the three short vowels are not pronounced after the last consonant of a word (even though I and u are marked in Gurmukhi as also in transliteration), they do not constitute the nucleus ofthe last syllable. The nucleus of the last consonant of a word to which a long vowel is hooked is the long vowel itself. In all other cases - that is, where a short (unpronounced) vowel is hooked to the last consonant - the d preceding the final consonant constitutes the nucleus. In view ofsomewhat Sanskritized and Persianized vocabulary of Punjabi, a number of words may have conjunct consonants like ~ [knpa], ~ [svEjivni], 1:!1f[khadya], Ol;f [r<'lkhya] etc. formed by adding halfletters to the preceding consonant. Similarly, there are quite a few cases of consonant clusters like.'UQF.f [h<'ln?], ~ [h<'lst], ~ [b<'lhI$t], fum [bIstl, ~ [k<'lrm], O@f [g<'lrml, ffif8" [s<'Irb], Rat [s<'Ird] occurring finally in a written word, though it cannot be denied that most Punjabis declusterize these consonants by interposing a d in between them exactly as Gurmukhi orthography demands. But a few hyper-sensitive and sophisticated speakers prefer d-Iess pronunciations in such cases. We follow lhe practice of declusterization of the consonants by inserting a d between them. We also find occasional use ofvIsdr<'lg [g] and udat U symbols in Gurbani as in
5.
6. 7. 8.
9. 10. 11. 12.
13.
14.
15.
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Editors' Note
XVII
~g [dnratdI).dh], ~ [b;5n h I].
16. In the case of two abutting consonants, the first consonant is the arresting (closing) consonant ofthe first syllable, and the second consonant is the releasing (initiating) consonant of the next syllable. In such a situation no d intervenes between the two consonants. Remember: there is no d marked in between two consonants in transliteration when the former closes a syllable and the latter starts the next. 17. Taking this view, it is possible to posit a syllable structure for PWljabi : (C) (C) V (C), which gives us the following syllables: 1. V [w]; 2. VC [~]; 3. CV [w]; 4. cvc [ito]; 5. ccv [1ft]; 6. CCVC [fq-3"]. 18. The commonest syllables are the first four: V; VC; CV and CVe. The last two occur with varying degree of frequency depending on a number offactors. 19. In our transliteration, nasalization is marked only when the original text demands it. In no case, do we supply nasalization on our own. A tilde /- / is used for nasalization in Punjabi. It appears over the vowel carrying nasalization: <fu" /kat/ ... >mI /ab/ 20. All quoted material including long passages/stanzas in the Mahan Kosh is transliterated. 21. Head word(s) of every entry is/are transliterated immediately after it/them within square brackets. Cross-references in the 1l1ahan Kosh are not tramsliterated, only the Gurmukhi form is given as it is. Transliteration follows only the headwords. Words written in Devnagari, Arabic/Persian scripts are retained as such to the extent possible, but wordsfrom Sanskrit/Hindi, and Persian/Arabic written in Bhai Kahan Singh s modified Gurmukhi script are transliterated within the framework ofthe rules devised for transliteration of Punjabi words as given above, irrespective of current practices adopted for their transliteration in respective languages. 22. When two Gurmukhi vowel symbols are hooked to the same consonant, the one hooked over the consonant precedes the one hooked below the consonarlt in transliteration:
~
1jtfo ~~ nfQ
l:fTfu1 I
bhukhe pritI hOUVE anu khaI.
FRJfu" trfunfr
~ B~
SdrdI).I pdIa nandk souhela

ffiJH
l;;IOfu (')('iT ~ ~tit
sdhdS murdtI ndna ek touhi. 23. A voiced aspirated consonant (~ bhdra) is distinguis:hed from a voiced consonant
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xviii
followed by 'h' sound thus: ~ kab-hu. By retaining voiced aspirated consonants in our transliteration, we have only tried conservatively to trudge a relatively safe track.
SOME OTHER RULES Translation: We have provided within single quotes translation only for references which Bhai Sahib Kahan Singh has translated, and to the extent he has done it. Punctuation: Following Bhai Kahan Singh's punctuation may seem difficult to follow, but consistency, uniformity and editorial convenience suggested that we deviate from it to the minimum extent possible. Proper Nouns: All proper nouns in the body ofthe running text have their usual roman spellings without an 'a', that is a schwa [a] after last consonant as per Punjabi practice, ie, Shiv, Ram, Krishan, Dev, Nanak. Footnotes: Footnotes are retained at the end ofthe relevant pages and not absorbed in the body ofthe text. This is to ensure that we stayed as close to Bhai Sahib as possible. Addendum: It was considered best to incorporate the addenda in the last Volume. Special Symbols: Like I S... for metre are retained. TRANSLITERATED PASSAGES FOR REFERENCE
9.~Flf3nttr atJ3T ~ ~ ~ ~ 1jOB ~ M

Iko~kar
qJO lJR'fu11 I It=lYl I
satInamu karta purakhu nIrbhau nIrVfru akal muratI ajuni sfbh~ gur prasadL
japu.
l)fTfu ~
tJOTTfu" ~ I I
adI sacu jugadI sacu.

~"ft ~ ~
WIT m~119.11
hf bhi sacu nanak hosi bhi sacu.
HB- Hfu n
~ ~
;=t Htft (?l:f ~II SOCl: SOCI na hovai je sad lakh var.
n ~;=t wfu oor ~ ~II
CUPf cup na hovai je laI raha IIv tar. ~ Wl:f n ~ ;=t W ~ "POll bhukhIa bhukh na utri je b~na puria bhar.
Fl"JA" ~
m "JfJ 3' ft:or n tffi
orfu I I
sahas sIanpa lakh hohI ta Ik na calf nalI.

~~
-Jm ~ gZ If#511
ffifcn?fr
kIV saCIara hoif kIV kUrf tUtf palL

~~~~
orfull9.11
hukamI rajai call).a nanak lIkhIa naIL
Page 17 of 674
Editors' Note
~ fFrq
xix
tfRr
ljfo(j'all
SUl)H: sIdh pir sunnath.

~
t:TO"B ~ fTCXTH11
SUl)IE dhClrCltI dhClvCll akas.

~~m~11
SUl)IE dip 10Cl patal. ~ tifun~ ~II SUl)IE pOhI nCl sClkE kalu.
()l'()C;f
eJaTaT J=RT
fuaTrEr 11
-
nanClk bhClgta sClda vIgasu.

~ tl:f l.fTlf --:;::
(Xl" '()lFf lit II
SUl)IE dukh pap ka nasu.

II ~ II sClloku.
~ -- oro -=
lfT<'ft fu3r lfT3T t:TO"B HU3" - I1
pClVCll)U guru pal)i pIta mata dhClrCltI mClhCltu. ~ wfo~ ~ ~ ~ 11cJ1C? HdTgII dIVClSU ratI dUI dai daIa khelE sClgCll jClgCltU. ~~~mJ1j~11 cagIaia bUrIaia vaCE dhClrClmu hCldUrI. am-it l'>flif fTl.Iit -a- ~ -a- ~ 1I kClrmi apo apl)i ke nefE ke dUrI.
fi:J7ft 01IJ
()l'()C;f
crrE ~ urfi;)11
jIni namu dhIaIa gCle mClsClkCltI ghaII.
3" lj1:f ~ <Bt it ~I 1911
nanClk te mukh ujle keti chuti naII.
fufu 'EJTGIT dTfu>w

~ ..
Sdle I f
?i"
~ RTfi:;
oft>w ~ I
phIrI baba gClIa bClgdadI no bahClrI jaI kia Clsthana.
arw ~ Olf =-
tfIT ~ lfta'"eT(jT1 =
ffiJ'T?iT I
fu3t war f<wrfi:r cmr Bfa J11-fTfo N
Iku baba Clkal rupu duja rClbabi mClrdana.
dIti bag nIvaj kClrI sf.mI SClmanI hoa jClhana. Bn tffa "i'iOICft ~ -eftr tfRr ~ ~I sunI munI nClgri bhCli dekhI pir bhIa hcrana.
~
fu>,pg
cmr ~ ~ ~ l-IJ13l7iTl
vekhE dhIanu lClgaI kClrI Iku phClkiru vClqa mClstana.
Page 18 of 674
xx
~ fufda tH3dAd ~ GOITg fc:m"aT l.llful?fIOT I puclna phirIkE d<'ls<'ltgir k<'lun ph<'lkiru krska gh<'lrIana. ('il(')q afu" fuftr nflfu>w ~ GOITg W ~I nan<'lk k<'llI vrcr ara r<'lbu ph<'lkiru rko p<'lhrcana. uofu l'>flCir'Ff ~ fufi:r t=fl?iT I dh<'lr<'ltr akas c<'lhl1 drsr jana.
Jllia ~ e:mta- ~ ~
S<'llok bh<'lg<'lt k<'lbir jiu ke.
9fY'~~11
rk oakar s<'ltrgur pr<'lsadI. e:mta- }Rft ~ 0R('iT ~ 011j I I k<'lbir meri srm<'lrni r<'lsna UP<'lrI ramu. fTfu ~ FlCJlli ~ 3T ~ lJ5 fuJrtr I 1911 adr jugadi s<'lg<'ll bh<'lg<'lt ta ko sukhu brsramu.
~}Rft"flTf3"~
afM(JldJ
RW
~ (JH~(JI II ~ fAdtiC'i(JI 11=;1 II
k<'lbir meri jatr k<'lu s<'lbhu ko h<'lsnehar.
fuR "fITf3" ~ ft:R:r
b<'llIhari rs jatr k<'lu jrh j<'lpro srrj<'lnhar.
~ ~ funrr CNfu WJT ~ M'~fCJ tiliI I k<'lbir 9<'lgm<'lg kra k<'lrhr k<'lha 9ulavhr jiu. FRm lJl=f ~ ~ QT)f ()T)f I I::! I I s<'lr<'lb sukh ko narko ram nam r<'lSU piou. ~ cfuo ~ cf~ ~ ~ ~ ~II k<'lbir kac<'ln ke kU9<'l1 b<'lne UP<'lrI Ial j<'lrau. tfu:lfu tri.t cxri'i" ~ ~ J-Ifo nrtiT ~ I 18 I I dis-In dadhe kan jru jrn" m<'lnr nahi nau. ~tw~ lWg if ~ ~ "frfull k<'lbir rsa eku adhu jo jivat mrrt<'lku hoI. ~ "frfu -a- q]7) ~ R3" ~ 3"3" Ftn:1 Itll I nrrbhr hor kr gun r<'lvr j<'lt pekh<'lu t<'lt SOl. ~ ;:rr fu?l "d"r - HW ~ ~ ~ - II k<'lbir ja drn hdU mua pachr bh<'lra <'lnadu. Hfu ~ l.W l'}[TlfC'iT Raft ~ cIT~ I IE II mohr mrlIo pr<'lbhu apna sagi bh<'lj-hr goubfdu. ~ m 3" iJ)-f ~ iJ)-f 3ft:r ~ RW ~I I bbir s<'lbh te h<'lm bure h<'lm t<'ljr bh<'llo s<'lbhu koI.
ocr lMI
Page 19 of 674
Editors' Note
XXI
ft:W> ~ cxfu ~
~ ~
~ <Jl-fTaT -Ftful I? I I
jInI ESa k:>n bujhIa mitu hamara SOL
i3c? rn Fl'Hfu ~
~II
pharida je ja!).a tIl thone s;:}malI buku bhari.
~ ~ ~~ -ESr~ or-ITIIBII ~~ ~
je ja!).a sahu n;:}qhra til thora ma!).u kari.
Lftit ~
~ "fIQ!
oTNll
-6fu"1 Itil I
je ja!).a laru chIj!).a piqi pal gaqhI.
3- ~ H orfu -&
~
fuor
tE jevaqu mE nahI ko sabhu jagu qItha h;:}qhI.
~ ~ ~ ~ fulj "0 W:rll
pharida je tu akalI latiphu kale lIkhu na lekh.

~ rdldl~'(')
Hfu fi:rg
cxfu ~IIE II
)-fTij" liffHll
apanre guivan mahI suu nlvil kan dekhu.

~
H 3-
~~
"f3<r 0
pharida jo tE maranI mukia tInha na mare ghumI.

~
~
}RjOf
UJfu ~
tro"f3<r -e- ~fHll?11

'tit - fi:J"11 -
apanrE ghan jaiE pEr tInha de cUmI.
W 3"t -
~ ~ ~ 3" = QaT
pharida jil tau khata!). vel til tu rata duni SIU.

~
itfu W ~ ~ C?fu>wll t: II
marag savai nihI ja bhana ta ladIa. ~ ~ tr Efl>w -er;ft "fu,ft ~I I dekhu pharida ju thia dari hoi bhur.
~ ~
~ ~
rWw fusr crfurr ~II ~ II
ag-hu nera aIa pIcha rahIa dun. ft:r Efl>w HaG "fu,ft fuB I I dekhu pharida jI thia sakar hoi VISU.
~ ~ ~ fu1]119011
FJTBt ~
sai bajh-hu ap!).e veda!). kahiE kISU. ~ >'>ftit -e-fu ~ "J.]""fu" "J.]""fu" ~ cfu"11 pharida akhi dekhI pati!).ia SU!).I SU!).I rine k;:}n.
FITl:f ~ ~"JQ ~ "?ol19911
sakh pak;:}di aia hor karedi v;:}n.

~
cxrm ft::r01 0 ~ ~ ~ WEll

Page 20 of 674
pharida kaH jIni na raVIa dhauli raVE koI.
XXII
qfu
wm ~ ~ ~ o?w Drel 19:;?1 I

wful?fT fi.Rn.J
('j ~
kan si'ii SIU pIrahri ragu navela hoI.

~
H ~ Fl'W ~II
apl)a Ian pIramu na lagai je lacE sabhu koI.

~
i1.RJtr flP'ww l:fR}f cxr H ~ 3- ~I 19~ I I

ft:rQ ~ ~ }ffurr R ~ H fug"11
FRJfe>w R tM ~ afuQI19811
ehu pIramu pIala khasam ka jE bhavE tE deL

~
pharida jInh 10Il) jagu mohn se IOIl) mE qIthu.

~ ~ ('j
kajal rekh na sahdIa se pakhi SUI bahIthu.

~~
ag Hfu ~
~ CWfO
3"
0(84 ('j ca-II
deh SIva baru rnohI IhE subh karman te kab-hu na taro. ('j ~ 1?ffuit t=ra" ;::pfu ~ fr;J:ffi qfu n]C'ft tfur ~ I I na qara an so jab jaI lara nISCE kan apuni jit kara. ~ fRcf 5- ~ tIT }-f() -& fu"J Wffif ~ q]7l ~ ~ II aru sIkh h::> apne hi man ko Ih lalac hau gun tau ucro. t=ra" ~ oft ~ fritro ~ l'>ffo tIT cro H 31f tJ5" ~ II jab av ki audh nIdan banE atI hi ran mE tab jujh mara.
ifu" ~ ifa ~ ifu" ~
~II bhaqI jamiE bhaqI nfrniE bhaqI magal)u viahu. iag~~~~~11 bhaq-hu hOVE dosti bhaq-hu calE rahu.
~ ljW ~ ~
ifu" ~
-a-ergll
bhaqu mua bhaqu bhaliE bhEqI hOVE baqhanu.
it ~ J-f"tT l?fTl:Mf fi:rQ ffi.rfu QTHT?i I I

SO kIO mada akhiE jItu jam-hI rajan.
~tIT~LIH~~('j~11 .... ....::: ....
bhaq-hu hi bhaqu UpjE bhaqE bajhu na koI.

~ ~ CRJOT
E-&
ffi3T f.tfull
nanak bhaqE bahra eko saca SOL

~ E ~ ljCffir l.RJOTl I lEt det un h mukan parna. fi:rQ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~II j+_tu dap tum h hE brahmal) jal)a.
Page 21 of 674
Editors' Note
xxiii
jInhi eko seVIa puri matI bhai.
l-hf QTH QTH m-r tri ~ ~II

m;'ltr;'l ram ram nam;'l dhyan;'l sarbatr purnah.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ FPft:r FlHHWII
akarJ);'l karotI akhadyI khady;'l asajy;'l sajI samjaya. ~ ~ FRJfe ~ ftJarfV ~ ufu ~II trahI trahI saranI suami bIgyaptI nanak han narhClrah.
HOCf ttf
.... ,,.....Ul.... ....-ri'l-
4 Q I :YI1' all
ffiffl
'Q"illf ~ ;S de: ~ I I
f,
sarab dokh par;'ltIagi sarab dharam dnr;'ltal.).ah.

~ WQ" ~ ~
HFBfcx ~~ II
labdhel.).I sadh s;'lgel.).I nanek mastakI lIkhyal.).ah.

"5it~~~~~gll
hoyo hE hovato haral.). bharal.). sapural.).ah.

~ 3Fj
H?lHFJ
t=P"t ~ (')
ftlt3" I I
nIhphal;'l tasy janmasy javad braham na bIdate.
R'O"Rf
~ q]Q ~ ~ ~II
})fm.f
sagra sasarasy gur parsadi tarhI ke.
fi-RB M
mf ~
afo"3T ~ wJll
.
mnat moha alap budhya racatI banIta bInod saha. Ufo ~.~ ~ R?iH ~ HUT ~II ghor dukhya anIk hatya janam dandra maha bIkhyada.
Page 22 of 674
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE ENGLISH VERSION OF BHAI KAHAN SINGH'S ENCYCLOPJEDIA OF THE SIKH LITERATURE
Abbreviations used in Mahan Kosh
~1.f.
for
Abbreviations used in the English Version

prep
d
~. Preposition.
nr:
~.
fQJITljf.
~~.
A
dSp110 dkal dj dje
~.
~.
nrr:rorR.
1'iIH tRur.
fQ. ~.
tFIHOf"Ef. tFIHOftr. orw nrtr -et cror, tFIHOftr. 1'iIH tRur -et cror, tFIHOftr. ~. ~ -et ~. Onomatopoeia. !d3" ~ -et cror, tFIHOftr.
~ aftfu,
tcN'5'l H3 F3,
onom
drl1Jt asa
nrrw. E.it. nf.

11.
ffiJFf.
nrrw iJTOI".
A.D.~FlO.
nfatm ~.
RNor.
HclHF'3 31 ~. ~ FlO (Fjl(:)).
AD E
S
Sdl1dS
FlO.
RmfT.
ffi.:f~.
~.
AD
Sdnama sdmudrmdtl1dn
tFIHOftr. mft:a" ~ -et cror, tRHO!tr.

~,
~. ~. Pronoun.
pron
sdlol1 Sdva sdveye sar
RNCJ.
~.
~aItr.
~~3"~.
1WGt
FfT"a".
~~.
ft:fcit.
3"3t 1WGt, wci'oT iJTOI". ft:fcit ~.
tFIHOftr.
33
S
sul1i
1Jm.
~.
1JuT iJTOI".
"lJOOf ~ -et cror, Ftoo iJTOI".
~~. mi. Noun.
~ Fjl(:).
tFIHOftr.
surdj sor
Ro. R.
~.
Skt
RH3".
Page 23 of 674
Abbreviations
xxv
lft
~.
lftwar.
~'Ef MJ ~ ~
sri
fl.& R 99
fucflfT 00. h<Jkay<Jt

h<Jjare 10 h<Jnu
~90.
~.
mre-,
~.
~'Ef.
~~,~~.
fcT. tit.
~. ~. ~.
fm::iT
~(Hebrew) ~
fu'aoto't.
H He
k<Jss<Jp k<Jcch k<Jlki k<JlI 52 Poets
qml.f~,~.
cl'5tf
~,
t:R'HOjt:r.
arn-.
orrE'.
~~,~.
~war. ~qfu, Jtt~m~~.
qfu l.l::1.
am-iRit
~.
K
kan keda
v
aro.
~.
~war.
~war.
fc3'.
~.
fc3'.fu.
w.
WH.
fc3'w ~ mre-. Verb. fgRo ~ -et 0fElT, ~. fc3'w ~. Adverb.

ReB ofl3'r mre-. l:flc:ffi -et HfuHr, ~.
~ ~
krrs<Jn adv xa xam g<JU
~.
qrii.
~.
oft oral.
~~.
~~(~~).
q@tre' ~}f ~.
C!J Sl
Gj GPS
gurup<Jd
qrgtre'. qrfu E. Q.I"fu 90.
r~(V)i H m
C!J Sl F~(V)iH
l.fl3'F.ITtft ~. ~ l.fl3'F.ITtft ~.
GV6 GV 10
guj g5Q
9Ji1.
~.
CJT:iI1?j"
WFRft war.
~war.
~,
tRHOj'Ef.
gyan C<JU c<Jrrtr Cdup<Ji

~
~.
~. ~~, ~'Ef.
~.
tJ1.Jit.
~.
E:03t ~, tmfi[ef.
B-ifu:r ~ -et ~ n8
~~
T,
-et 0fElT,
~.
c:Jbis cJc;fi 1 cJQi2 caQi 3 cJdr
tfit 9. tfit ::1.
~F1HaIEr.
J~tlrd~ ~, ~.
tfm ?l.
~.
#it -et~,
~.
~~
-et 0fElT,
~.
thr'.
R.
trn -et !31W.

ROH.
C b
Page 24 of 674
xxvi
~.
i'IW.
R01-fFITcft ~ HC'l9" fRur tft ~. R01-fFITcft ~ ~ m.

traT
JSBM JSBB
j;:Jg MatI j;:Jnmej;:Jy j;:Jf;:JT j;:JIJdh;:JT jfdgi jeja jet
traRJl'H.
trtJTf3". 'R"i'i'lft1liT.
MGO.
m5Qdi~.
O'W
orR ~ Ci!EfT; ~. lJIl:iI"Ifu ~ Ci!EfT, ~.
O'W ~ ~ Ci!EfT, ~.
~.
mfuo ~ ~ Ci!EfT,
Ft.fdni'i'IfT,
~.
ftRaft. furr. #3".
fc3"3" ~ it! ~ tft.

f'R'ur tft, f'ol"R i)Ht ~ Q"BOT, fffi:r m
~'d"OT. ~'d"OT. ~~ ~
Rorotw.
Z~.
jJgnama tocji
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~fow T ~ ~~. zgj- 'd"OT.

~ -grw. fu(J ~ ~ ~ ~ tfOTit = fu;ft ~.
~ (lTHT.
ftfur.
3"('i1}{T.
Dg
t;:Jnama tIl{;jg
~.
~'d"OT.
~-grw.
:}.
~.
T
tukha
~'d"OT.
am~~~.
~-grw.
am.
tcf.
~.
Th
Den
d;:Jtt dIlip digo
~l:iI" ~ ~ Ci!EfT, ~tf.

O'W ~ ~ Ci!EfT, ~tf.
~ ~.
e~dlQldl 'd"OT.
~.
\ftiIT.
~.
~.
"Q"i'iT.
-atw
(~ ~
tft ~ :ar;;rW).
d
dev dh;:Jna dh;:JnJt;:Jr
l:Ii'i'FRit 'd"OT.
~3ftr ~ ~ Ci!EfT, ~.
Q(')3dl~.
"QT,
"[fI:J, HFIt"d".
Verbal root.
~(lTHT.
vr
n;:Jsih;:Jt n;:Jt n;:JTsfgh n;:Jrnaray;:Jl) n;:JTav
~.
nc.
~.
i'idi'ildIGlC:.
~.
nc'd"OT.
~ ~ ~ Ci!EfT, ~.
Od" ~ ~ ~ Ci!EfT, ~.
Od"~~Ci!EfT, ~.
~~.
0TtJ
tmT.
~.
NP
Fa
par;:Js prich;:Jt
tRJT3't
-grw.
l.RJl3"QT}f ~, ~.
tjdlS3d 1ft.
O'W ~ ~ Ci!EfT, ~.
Page 25 of 674
Abbreviations
1..jT.
~.
xxvii
PI par<}s Pg Pu Po
~"JTJ'rr.
trlf7jTEf~, \:Fl$.
1JQ3".
~~.
1;[0.
~WPfT.
~~.
~r, or:;rro't or.;rro
~.
iffi. tnj.
1j3Jf.
~.
fflur fg3".
PP sui pr<}bha Pkt PPP prrthu P
Suffix.
~O'af.
ljT.
~ww.
1ftl\f.
~.
~.
1j1tfto i~, ffiltTO 030 fi:fur fg3". OTW fl:r1I "ffi aw, ~.
~ elTflT.
~.
W1r. French.
"l'ff\'3" (~F8)
~. ~O'af.
O'af.
~ ~. "JTJ'IT.
F
b<}sat Bg bav<}n bIha bIla
mf.
waro.
~.
00. fuw.
~O'af.
-at. ro.
~.
B.C.
Fl(')
3"' trfuW.
BC
ben bera bano br<}h<}m bh<}gtavli BG BGK bher
OTW ~
"ffi aw, ~"Ef.
~.
-mi.
~.
m ~. ~ 1ft ~ oJ"Ef "fl"l"fua" "ffi a'S.

~ ~ ~"ffi aw, ~.
~orar.
i!ldI31~M1.
~.
~.
m m m
~~Fit~~~"ffi~
H?IT fflur Fit fcr3". ~ Fit t'1>W ~. ~ Fit ~ cmfo.

lQEI13"
.go.
H.
HaT.
....
~ (~) O'af.
H~.
HQ. HQ'O"i'T.
J-RlT.
l.fT3F.IYtit (~). >ffl- ~ "ffi -&R-Fc. mr WOTO "ffi 0lW, ~. 1-IQfFrftifu". HQ ~ o"!i1 -e-r 1jtfaT, ~.
J-RJW,
~T
}-l"I?TO
m
m<}go m<}cch m<}nu m<}nuraj M m<}la
"JTJ'IT.
HW.
}{T
war.
~
R. WdltiT.
~.
~
}f(jfQ"
}fl'3'"
"Itafl3". "ffi "JTJ'IT.
ma sag
Mg majh
o'clT.
Page 26 of 674
xxviii
Encyclop:edia of The Sikh Literature

WQ13T tIT mP", ~.
~.
~
Hitfr3r. wo.
madhata
Mv
maru mali
wm.
tm
~.
oror.
~oror.
~"l"lW.
Ml
mohni yudhIsfdr G
Huol. ~ FaRed -&. -afu3".

~'dlt1.
~.
}Jfuo't ~
'dlt1.
tIT mP", ~. ortlT ~ tIT mP", ~.

~
"l"lW.
iiiforor Hat.
~.
ortlT ~
Etymological.
~"EL ~Ef.
cpd, ety
rdhIt rdghu ram ramav rudr L
tIT mP",
~oror.
~.
~ ~
tIT mP",
~.
~ ~ -er~, ~Ef.
1')~.
Latin. .., ..,
Nco "l"lW.
C?Ci[T ~""tIT
0( A cl(')I~3.
prov
VdQ. vdrah
~.
~. ~. ~.
~oror.
~~
~.
tIT mP", tIT mP",
~Ef.
sen
~Ef.
~~
~9}
~ -::).
~ ~.
ft1F1 oror tIT ~ ~ ~ ~ 1'lEt ~ far "OJl'. ft1F1 oror tfllt ~ 3" ~ ~ (J(')' W 1'lEt nfor. 9--::) -~ rn (J(')', l?fFt tit f3' ffif fTfu fu?l+ Fh:hft.
~1'lEt~? ~.
~. Adjective.
N.
~.
fu1Q
~
~
"i'i'ZO('.
tIT 'O(W, ~Ef.
~.
~.
~.
Particle.
~.
~ (H"OT ~~ ~-e- ~
tit am).
~.
tIT F!"3'FIEt.
vamdn 1 var2 var3 var 7 adj VISdn VN part Vj vrfd
Page 27 of 674
NEW LETTERS
For writing in the standard language of a country, there is no need to form new letters. Whichever letters the scholars ofthe language have formed, those perform the whole task. While writing in a foreign language, the task gets tough. No wonder there is an urgent need to form new letters. For writing in Punjabi, the Gurmukhi letters are so flawless that no new formations are required. ~~ ~
?!l
f9-f9ft>r
H- 'F.l'Olo
..:-
3"-~
Ff-~
m
lSf
~
1.
~
~-~
~-~
v
J
H-~
H-1'IZ
Sf-fl(W
;!f.
H-~
H-FJHTl1r
ffTO (<J1'JIl?)
9-~
~-~F.lCf
&1
~
t,
j
o
i
..J
J'
Ff-"J'I"8'"a"
~~-~-ft;
~HO-~-fi;m-r
rr-ft:rqQ t.r- j:rR:m

;;r-~
- 'tJff1
-~:cr ?iH:
2
;
;
:ar-~ ~-~tf
c~-~
1-fi'iFf3
~
j;
1if-~
ft-~
tl"F.lif w. 4
IThis 'r' is marked over a character. 2This is called vIsdrga. 3This marks a d-Iess consonant. 4This sign stands for a vowel sound in between [I] and [e].
Page 28 of 674
INTRODUCTION
After going through Pandit Tara Singh's Guru Granth Kosh in Sammat 1955 (1898 AD) and Bhai Hazara Singh's Sri Guru Granth Kosh in 1957 (1900 AD), I got the idea to especially prepare a useful good lexicon by including words which have appeared in Guru Granth Sahib and arranging them in the order of characters and vowel symbols. I For making this idea a success, I commenced a special study of Sri Guru Granth Sahib which took me five years to complete. As I started arranging the words in order and saw the Encyclopredia Britannica, I thought that there should be a similar reference book for Sikh literature which might properly distinguish all words contained in Sikh religious literature. During Sammat 1963 (1906 AD), I studied Dasam Granth, and after that works ofBhai Gurdas, Bhai Nand Lal, Sarab Loh Prakash, Guru Sobha, Anecdotes by Bhai Mani Singh, Gurupad Prem Prakash, Hukamnamas, commentaries on Gurubani and several historical treatises. Having read them, I noted down words and after pondering over all aspects of etymology and semantics2 and after discussing them from time to time with learned men, I succeeded in discovering their actual and suggestive meanings. Due to several reasons, following the death of Maharaja Hira Singh of Nabha on May 10, 1912, I gave up service ofthe State; I went to Kashmir to spend the summer, and there on 20 th May after ardas started writing Gurushabad Ratnakar Mahan Kosh. It was completed on February 6, 1926. The completion ofthe book was followed by concern about its publication. Maharaja Brijendra Singh of Faridkot who had promised its printing and publication, had expired, and Maharaja Ripudaman Singh ofNabha, who for one and a half year had been giving ample funds for my staffand had sanctioned large amount of money for the printing ofthe book, abdicated and went away from Nabha. The Administrator ofthe state declared treasury as empty and declined to get the book published. At last in consultation with some friends, it was decided that five hundred customers should be found each ofwhom would pay halfthe price ofthe book in advance thus enabling it to be sent for publication. For this purpose one thousand specimen booklets were got printed and distributed as also advertisements were issued to newspapers. Only for two lIn Pandit Tara Singh's Kosh, thus is the order in which words begin and end: $ , 'Fl'fu3r, ~, FfeT, Fl<Ji'IFlHlfi:r, mo, RJ-!17), FRrll... etc. In Bhai Hazara Singh's Kosh, words observe this order as Ba-, ~, ~, ~, Bur, ~, ~, ~, ~, fu:rr3', ~, coo. etc.
2"akaki;;a pun yogyata sanIdhan pahIcan. tatparay CJtho mIlE, hOVE $abadgyan."-Bhai Gulab Singh Ji. In this connection, See f{fu 4.
Page 29 of 674
Introduction
XXXI
hundred copies did the customers come forward over nine months. J Having been disappointed by the public, I appealed to the Sikh Maharajas, requested them to buy three hundred copies and favour me by assisting in the profitable venture. Maharaja Bhupendra Singh ofPatiala called me to Chail on October 1, 1927 and issued an order that he would meet all expenditure on the Mahan Kosh, and that it would be published by the State ofPatiala and that all advance payment received from the prospective buyers be returned forthwith. This was done and the printing ofthe book commenced at Sudarshan Press Amritsar on October 26, 1927 and ended on April 13" 1930. 2 The contents ofthis Mahan Kosh (Encyclopa:dia ofThe Sikh Literature) the readers will know themselves by reading it, butto mention them briefly in the introduction seems appropriate indeed: (1) Included are words from all well-known books ofprose and verse whichrelate to Sikhism. (2) Not only the alphabetical order ofwords, but that ofthe vowel symbols has also been maintained, like -- ~ [dO], ~ [duSdr], '1?i~5' [duhdth], ~ [duhar], ~ [dukh], ~ [dukhdd]" ~ [dUgU!)], ~. [dughdt], ~ [dUCdr], ~ [duchdk] ... "l?ffuJ?fT?) [dIan], ~ [die], >m=f [dS], l?fA'U" [asdh], l1fR3" [asdt], 'JoiIR3T [dsta], l?fFlfEr [dsathI], Y.f!Hfl.::ra", [dsthIr] })fFI(') [aSdn], })11FIlf [dSdP], ~ [dsbab], >m=Il-RTEr [dsmardth], })fRJ,T(') [dsman], lifF.f~ [c'$rdphi]' lm=v [dsa], lifRTW [dsaqa],))fRTLf [dsadh], l?fFfTa' [dsar],})ff]:r [dSI], l'Jfft:r::3' [dSJ:t], l1fFftH [dsis], l?fFfuf [dsim], ~ [dsil], })1B" [dSU], l?fl3fu [d$UCI], l'>fcra- [asur], >111J"W [dsua], ~ [dSUt], I?iRcf [dsekh], }'>fH [dSE], :~ [dsok], fRtJ [dSOC], })fFfcf [dsakh]. l"F1clB [dsag2lt], ~ [;:lsabh;:lv], >m:ft [dssi], l?flJ [;:lSSU],3 :v.H~~ [a$ro] etc. (3) Meanings ofwords have been clarified by mentioning their roots and derivation. In this regard, readers are required to keep in mind that in Sanskrit 1708 roots have resulted in lacs of words. On further investigation, it seems valid to hold that betwixt the roots and the words formed therefrom, supreme is the conceived meaning. From vr~' is derived })ff]:r [dSI]. The root means 'to cut'. On this basis, })ff]:rcan without any problem be used for~T [kuhara], ~ [chdvhi] or Zor" [toka]l, but by extension this word has been used by scholars for a sword too. (4) If a word has several meanings" its components are given and with examples their meanings are classified. See ffif, ~Jfu, qI}-f, "CJli3", ~, <%, ft~~, ~r, mf, BTQ, ~... etc. (5) If a noun relates to a Puran, Simriti or ShastaI', its fulll detail is provided. See ~, ~, 8(,)clHG, CITR, 'H(')"({, ycJlj, l.ffc:rB, Hg, HQ, {;:rcrr:;:~cu... etc. IOrder for seventy copies was placed by Sardar Bahadur Sardar Dharam Sirlgh, a go-,v-er-n-m-en-t-c-on~t-ra-ct-o-r.
21 spent 28 years in identifying words,. explicating them and checking their proofs. JConj unct characters come after matras., that is why words Iike nfl:ft and }~ folll ow f~ [tIppi] (nasal ization) as a conjunct character will come after a character with an >'>ffl::rc:< [adhIk] if they were written using Sanskrit pattern: amft, 3TB:):, , conjunct characters not being there [hal] sign has occasionally been used
asin~.
Page 30 of 674
XXXII
(6) Briefreferential detail is given to explain words relating to history.
See~, ~
TT1rT
~, ~, uW0l3d ' fe, ufdIiJ~, ~ ~ ~, it, ~... etc. (7) Full location of gurdwaras, alongwith historical account, is given. See >?1rfi:fS..-tl M(,)-:r1dI=d, ,.rl=:~ ~.~ t Tt1Ilj~Ha, ~, ~, Bl-fO('Cf, ()'()IO{Tn'()', ~ , ~ , ~... e c. (8) Full specification is provided ofwords relating to geography. See tI'tr, cxrar,~, ~ t ItC':>l, l.ItJTM", ~, ~ ... e c. (9) Full effort has been made to explain botanical names deriving from Latin. See ~, >?10l 'H8M, 3"dTd", f'3"M"q,~, ~... etc. (10) Elucidation is given ofwords concerning science. See lif~, ftrt:rffi, ~... etc. (11) Correct forms are given of historical names which with the passage oftime and colloquial pronunciation have so changed that it is difficult to specifY their original or real formations, as in case of~ [adrahman], >?1~3aMI [abutbela], "8t:r ~ [khoj janavar], ~ Her [tatihri ~ekh], Her (jUH [~ekh braham], ~ [Q-habai], "ffiit l?fl::f3"d" [lOl).i akhtar]. .. etc. (12) Religious terms relating to Islam, Christianity, Parsees, have been distinguished and explained in full. See fuRwl-r ~ ~, fEt:ftM", E1w, Elt", 'd'H, ~, ~, Rd'JT3", ())-fTf.f, If'cIFft, GfdH3 1, tr&R, lfW... etc. (13) At several places, maps, sketches and images have been provided to facilitate their understanding. See >?1fStlM(')dld, ~, ~, R'tf, ~ Lfgt, fRuI, R'ffi, ~'1-ri+ t ()'()o{Ll q I, ~ , "M'U"d'"... e c. (14) Thorough research has been undertaken in the case of musical terms. See JIB, '1JO, (STG, fSM''i!M, ~, ~, "dTdT... etc. (15) Words appearing as riddles have been elaborately explained. See ~t=JT mr ?i"'"a- FKI, ~ U"d" U"d", f1:l t:t'iil rat l.1trroo, ftnJHJjsfu3" WOffu... etc. (16) Detail is given about words relating to medicines and diseases. See -j:h;, Rfol.rr3", ~, ~,ti'i!'fe('), '3TLf, t 'dJl(')l, ~, fi-raoft... etc. (17) Pronunciation ofwords taken from Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, etc. has been clarified by putting them in the source language. It is also essential to tell the readers that words of different languages which after absorption by the Punjabi language have totally changed their form and meaning, should in their present form and meaning be taken as correct. It is not proper to call them incorrect and relegate them to their fonner shape. I
n
'n 'n
'n
IWith the passage oftime. spellings of words change in all the languages. However, current orthography doesnot regard obsolete spellings wrong as in Ramayan: ~ for~, ~ for ~.,; ~ for
~; ~ for ~; d\>1T for~; ~ for~. Similarly, in old English words: aboute
(about); bricke (brick); Cabull (Kabul); gode (good); hande (hand); heuen (heaven); hight (height); hys (his); lande (land); Londinium (London); Noapolis (Naples); nyght (night); preue (prove); speche (speech); tonne (ton); trouthe (truth) etc. are not incorrect.
Page 31 of 674
[ntroduction
XXXIii
Scholars have divided words into eight categories, viz, "2~ [tatsam], })fO[f ~ [aradh tatsam], ~ [tadbhav], ft-ffF.I3" [mI$rIt], fQ:c~ [anukara!).], <;rfuqfo [pratIdhvanI], ~ [saketak], and ~ [S~k$Ipt]. (a) ~ (unaltered) are those words which after absorption into Punjabi/other languages retain their original form and meaning. For example ~ [uttam], ~ [udal'], ~<...[C{IO [upkar], ~ [upma], ~ [;m~t], }iIWfT(') [apman], f3" [~t], nfo [~n], ~ [Iccha], B1:f [sukh], lJOfq [sugadh], Ft-~ [seva], 00 [hath], (ffi [hal], ti'R [h~s], qar [katha], ofR? [kil] , ~ [kot], ~ [glJl)] , fB3r [efta], tfBc;s[c~cal], t=raT3' [jagat], HflJ [jap], t=fT"O [jar], 3H" [teD, 3l~ [tol], tTH [das], tTO [dan], ft?> [dIn], "00 [dhan], p.r [dhup],?i'}f [nam], :nlt:J" [nic], l..l"N [pal], lft5 [pul], VWt [prasad], ~ [pra!).], Gc;) [phal], m [bal], "a-uo [b~dhan], ~ [bhajan], wa [bharl, ~ [bhog], lffi [mall], ~ [mItT], Hu [moh], ~ [m~gal], ~ [m~tr], OR [ras], ~ [ra!).] , CJB" [rath], Cf'tP" [raja], 2"1..1" [rup], fu.r [rom], ~ [10k], ~ [lobh], ~~ [vastu] etc. are from Sanskrit; ~ [ummat], f}-fl(')3" [amanat], ~ [amir], J1.l<E [:)[at], R"i')"t: [sanad], Rmr [sabab], ~ [sardar], RWH [salam], ~ [haveli], fill..B [h:rmat], -5c? [hJl], ~ [kabab], ~ [kamal], on-ft [kami], f,5[3T8" [kItab], ~ [kursi], 9JOTU [gunah], tn-fi') [caman], ;::rtJ1?) [jahan], t-.ffi1T [jalsa], t=fT(') [jan], fT:rcJro [jIgar], ;:::far [j~g], 3N [til'], '-..:JFI"3l"Q [dastar], taOfl(J [dargah], toi=rr [darja], t:Qt [darad], furs- [dII], & [din], ~ [divan], ~ [deg], ~C's~s [d:llat], r;fua- [nahn], mrt [narad], (W)-f [naram], 7l?8" [navab], ~ [nok], ~f3" [nJbat], at [b~d], HtOW [madrasa], J--RJt: [marad], 'H'C? [mal], ~ [murdar], cra1TI [murabbi], tRftt [murid], }fmp- [morca], HR [rmj] , -H-3" [mJt]. .. etc. are from Persian/Arabic; and >?-[1..fu;) [apil], Ff~ [sakul], ~ [soc;l.a], a'WFl' [kalas L ~ [kalar], cxrfffi:r [kalIj], ~ [kes], -&z [kot], chfc [karat], <N-~' [k~p51~ar], illH [gem], -am[gol], era- [tai], ZfoR [tEnIs], ~JW [tn:mve], i~'cQO [c;l.aktar], fua [nIb], ~ [palic;l.ar], i:ffi [polo], "q~ [prophEsar], ~rc [but], afdHcd [bErIstar], -a-crfcfaT [borq.:rg], l--fTHCd" [mastar], Nt:!" [mEc], }f;~:d" [motar] ... etc. are from English. (b) })fO[f~(half-altered) are those which have somewhat changed in writing and pronunciation, but not much in their shape, for example lftJT [ucca], ~ [ujjal], ~ [uddam], rcNr [akas], lifOTH [ag~m], ~:J [anItt], fuqio- [Ikat], FII-I-a'Er [samrathh], ~ [suraj], ffiioT [s~jog], ~ [kalol], orcA [karaj], Wr [kos] , fcrr>wo [gIan], fufu" [ChItI], fuo [chIn], Hl-f [jam], ~~ [jE], [jog], Btlr [jodha], "tful?fT [daIa],~" [duar], ~ [n:rdIa],?5<! [nE!:)], ~!o [pun], ~ [purakh], ~ [pranmukhI], wmr [bahar], ftfttcrr [bIjog], ~~ [brahma!).], ~ [bhagat], ~ [bhE],"~ [marjada], l-fTft:p- [maIa], Q"f3" [rat], ~ [lacchmi], ~ [va!).aj], ~ [varkha], Wfuw [vIddIa] ... etc. are from Sanskrit;
*tar
Page 32 of 674
xxxiv
(c)
and Rtitt [sdhid], R'<N [sClkkClr], J1iiT [sClja], FRfa3" [sClrbClt1, ~ [sahClb], RT'tft [sadi], Ft3ro [sEtan], ~ [hCljar],. ~ [hajClr], aRT'ffi [kClsai], cmw [kClbja], ~ [kClrClj], ara1t1 [kagClj], l:fFl}f [khClsClm], qj'FfT [gussa], t:Rfl::fT [cClrkha], ~ [jClrurClt], Ro [jor], 3W [tClma], 3'w [tosa], 7id"fTQT [ndgara], artr [baj], HO [mClnjur], fffirt:r [IIhaj]' .. etc. are from Arabic-Persian; and l?-fliCT}-f [Clstam], ~ [ClphsClr], ~ [sClkfq], ~ [bptan], ~ [kClrabin], ~ [kunm], ~ [jClrnd] , ~ [tIkkClS], [tErn], fu"a'Rft [qIgri], t:illft [ddresi], ~ [pCltlun], trac [pClret], ~ [pIst;)l], ~ [bEra], [botCll], fHc [mft], l-fu;J [mil], m:rHC [rCljmClt], oi:tc [rClpot], ~ [rClphCll] etc. are from English. ~ (evolved) are those words which, come from Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian and English, and have altogether changed their former shape. The following will make it amply clear:
a.r
Sanskrit
~~ ~~
~
Punjabi
~Hi'i10( ~dIM<t'
~3'
Example
"SIr pdhI usnik-hI nik bClnai."-NP "bIkhu kClqhE mukh uglare."-m 4 var gau I. "dUt jCll).eda jaI."~m I var ram I. "naVdl).U purClbu Clbhicu."-tukha chat m 4. "sClukClnI ghClr ki k;:lt tIagi."-asa m 5. "SCltI nIrCltI bujhE je kOI."-sukhmdni. "jIu k;:lcCln kothari eClno, kClbro hot phIro ."-sar m 5. "ClsmanI kIara chIkIonu."-var ram 3. "khClrbaru khira."-BG "khIma vIhul).e khClpIge khuhCll).I lClkh Cls;:lkh."-oakar. "nCl gCllli gakhiE."-BG "gusai! pClrtapu tuharo qitha."-sar d m 5. "kClmdl dIIPClt hE SE hdtha VIC I gulalu."-m 4 var sri. "ghClSI c;:ldClnu jClSU ghClsIa. "-kalI m 4. "jahClrnClvi tClpe bhClgirClthI al).i;"-mala m 4. "jo gur gope apl).a, su bhClla nahi."-m 4 var gau I. "chClnIchClr van SClUl). sasClt bicaru."-bIla m 3 var 7. "kurClm sClke nalI jClvai."-asa m 4. "jIu kusti tClnI jok."-sar surdas. "Ihu jiu mClchli, jhivdru tnsna kalu."-m I var ram 1. "chike pdr teri bClhutu qithI."-basat kabir. "mokh tCltbfd mClhI jan nIrdhar hE."-NP "tdpClr jhar vIchaI."-BG "kajCll har tClmol rds."-var maru 2 m 5.
>iffuft:r3"
~
H3Jl'f<:i.3
~
H~O(f(')
Hfaf(')Qfa
ato~ ~
~ ~
::ircrn.RVII.!'"
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~
qjl1'CI
~
UfF!(!T
~
~
fl'tJQ()<il
'tfqflfA7i
ill~ ~
~
~
~
~
~
#or
~
~ ~~3T ~ ~
itfo
3'3'f1ft
3'J,..S
31f'M'
Page 33 of 674
Introduction
xxxv
~.fJf
~"ffiRJ-
C>l-ffq
l{mRl
i3T
1..ffufLf
l.RJTiii3"
~3"
~
l{F3~ FR(')l
lS"m
}-fTFff
wEI~
$
~R
"kIt-hi kamI na dhaulhar jIto han Insrae."-suhi m 5. "put pota parota natta."-BG "nanak pclIapE' karhu kIrpa."-bIla chJt m 5. "sagal parachat lathe."-sol' m 5. "parOSal).I puchIle nama."-sol' namdev. "masi :lr m:lsa jag VIVIdh vJ:khyata hE'."-BGK. "kInhi laug supari."-keda kJ'bil'.
Arabic-Persian Punjabi
C&F.r
gar
CRTfu
~?iR
cMnH
~it'kIHd'
ljFKJT
ldflo
tfRTH-?W
3.aWGld
~
;::r,::o-rrw
~Cf11B ~~ ~~
~
()TljR
oafto 31ft8t
3'1C')cif
~~
o1tiI3"
~
8ikJO(ia1
otftfu" ?iHFit ?iB

~
8rlal ' dl
:::::}
l-I"Af;:rt
~d
Example "kausE' sapat payala."-bhE'l' namdev. "galhu kavaI kholI pahInai."-BG "kunsa kini tin prabina."-GPS. "khusre kIa gharvasLJ?"-m 1 val'majh. "jin khurgir sabhu pavIt hahL"-m 4 val' SOT. "CUl).I vakhI kaqhe jajmaIIa."-val' asa. "marhate dakhl).i kIye tagir."'--PPP "satIgoru pura karE' tabibi."--BG "tIsu maIa sagI na talka."-mal'u solJze m 5. "mE' gur mIl I uc dumalra."-sl'i m 5 pE'paI. "gur ke sabadI najikI pacha~lhu.'>-marusolahe m 3. "us di namosi hal). lagi."-JSBB. "us di nit badli vekhke."-JSBB. "nugadi modak adIk brfd."--GPs. "kIUkar:E paIa hOI bajgari."--BG "bio pUChI na maslatI dhar:~."-g5<;i' m 5.
"Ina ffiasitI SIr nae?"-pl'abha kabil'. "brfd majur lage tab aI."-GPs. "pathyo matbar take pas."-GPS "anIk musaddi karte kar."-GPS "na jaIu leph tulaia."-vaq alahaI)i In J.
HFftfaHfJd l-fl'3'BO
~ ~
~~
Similar is the rule applicable to tadbhav words from English, Portuguese and French languages - ~-Adjutant; ~-Orderly; ~-Hospital; (iO-fl';~-Command;~ Colonel; ~R-Cartouche; ~-Commandant; dl~l~lMI--Grenadier; fa'ra:r-Gaiters; ~-Bull's eye; tdm)-Dozen; ~-Battalionor Platoon; 1~~-Padre; ~-Flanne1; '8CO-Bouton; HH-Madam; ~-;-Reporter;~-Recruit; i~~-Lieutenant; 'We-Lord; ~-Lantern ... etc.
Page 34 of 674
xxxvi
(d)
~ (mixed) words are those which have come into being through a combination oftwo or more languages, for example~3N [a:r:tiale tir] , wFi:mfflur [sahIb sIgh], Bta"F.!O 1{H [sudar~an prEs], B~Q [sultanpur],clo(l0(3dlf~ [hakikatraI] , tJfu eft i:[;ft [han ki p::Jri], QdIMla\:!d [huglib~dar], ~ [kubo1],
tjIMH'O('fMti [khalsakahj), ~ fflur [gurbakha~ sIgh], ~ [gufUq.om], rl'dti(,)dld [jarajnagar], Jj1:jfMHdl~ [muxhsgarh ], ~ [relgaq.c:l.i], ~ [layalpur] ... etc. (e) ~ (imitation) words are fonned by imitating some sound, for example Hi" Hi" [sa sa], B B [su su], ~ ~ [ta:r:t ta:r:t], Z Z [te tel, QTcl" QTcl" [thah thah], 5" 5" [the the], ~ ~ [q.ug c:l.ug], ~ ~ [q.3 c:l.3], ~ [dhar~ml ... etc. (t) ~ (resonance) words are formed by juxtaposing words of similar sound such as c:i:c ~ [katt vaq.q.h], ~ ~ [kha:r:ta da:r:ta], l.fTit"l:J"T<it [pa:r:ti q.ha:r:ti], %~ [puri uri],}-fTO~ [marq.har] ... etc. 1 (g) ~(allusive) words are those which by referring to certain traits or qualities carry special meaning such as ullu (owl) for a stupid person, or an~d for marriage. (abbreviated) words are fonned by shortening others such ~aba from ~adba~, (h) sudi from ~ukal dI:r:t, badi from bahul dI:r:t. (18) Literary terms are provided detailed definition and explication, See~, l?fOlfFI", ~, FfTQ, ~, ft:rgtrtr, Eifu"Gr, t!Rror, ~, ~, ~, ~, ~... etc. (19) Errors committed by historians have been rectified with full evidences, See tilJ!fRur, ~, -mat etc. (20) Words relating to rituals are explained in full. See ~ (iI(i<t', "iJOWtJ""(fO ~, 3"it ~, l.fTit ~... etc. (21) Difficult words, phrases or lines are indicated by the first word ofthe line followed by the remaining a couplet or quatrain. See ~ HtM- ~., >m:IH ~., Bcx l-RB ~ ~, 3tH ~ @ l./ftr fFrg., ~., l.ffuw ~ ~ wEt. etc. (22) Certain lexicographers and scholars not understanding the grammatical rules of Prakrit and Punjabi grammar applicable to derivations from Sanskrit have given wrong meanings contrary to context. These words have been corrected so as to be in accordance with Gurbani. See B?l9, ~ 2, l..fOllQ 3, l.[Ij'"M" 2, ~... etc. Some additional words have been given against lexicographical traditions so (23) that semi-literate scholars do not misinterpret Gurbani wilfully by ~oing against the scriptural texts. For instance ~ [caUrI] after ~ [caur], ~ [rInhI] after ftf"q [rInh] have been separately put. Similarly See qrfu, t=rflr, Hfo, Hurfu... etc. 2 IRuralites, use onomatopoeic words as edt cit3-a't. tSt 1fClT. o;ff BeT... etc. 2[, myself, have heard certain scholarly persons pronounce R ~ as ~ and ~ "8'""cI<JT ~ 1:fTfuw as ~ Ci1<JT<3" () 'l:fTfurr. Through mispronuciation they play havoc with meanings.
Rfuv
am-
-nrm,
Page 35 of 674
]introduction
xxxvii
(24) New letters have been devised to transliterate in Punjabi the words of Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian so as to enable their correct pronunciation. 1 Historians of languages know that a word after entering another language becomes a part of that language. To relegate such Punjabi words back to their original form would be a hostile act against the mother tongue. See illustrations under heading seventeen ofword-distinctions and altered words. (25) At the end of the illustrations, information is provided about poets and their writings. 2 A list of symbols used has been given in the beginning of the book under the head' ABBREVIATIONS' To give detail of obstacles and disappointments faced during the preparation and publication of this book would lessen the enthusiasm of the writers. However it is also necessary to mention in passing that our community has very little regard for work ofthis kind. Not many know how such works are written and what benefit can to be drawn from them. I am highly indebted and grateful to those votaries ofknowleclge who provided me help in this venture, especially reverend Bhai Bishan Singh Ji, Mahant Gurdwara Baba Ajapal Singh, Nabha, who took great pain in writing in order the words noted by me from numerous volumes, Pandit Krishandas Shastri Udasin, professor Teja Singh, M.A., Khalsa College and Bhai Dharmant Singh who gave valuable suggestions during the revision. Raja Sir Daljit Singh of Kapurthala and Sardar Mukand Singh Engineer Simla spared time to write on 'rags', Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid ofTam Taran and Bhai Dharam Singh Ji Vaid ofBudiala, helped in writing about diseases. Sardar Nand Singh Ramgarhia of Simla contributed a lot in the preparation ofmaps of gurdwaras, Maulana Maulavi Hakim Mirza Muhammad Nazir Sahib Asshe, Munshi Fazil took the trouble of replying to historyrelated queries, Late Dhani Ram 'Chartik', Printer Sudarshan Press Amritsar, not behaving like a businessman but as a votary ofknowledge, published it, excellently with enthusiasm and devotion. Last of all, I am grateful to the court ofPatiala entitled to blessing from Satguru and honour from Sikh Panth through the benevolence of which this book has reached the readers. 3 I am highly indebted to those scholars whose histories, glossaries, dictionaries etc. have been helpful in this endeavour ofmine. 4
'See under 'New Letters'. 2Suc h quotations as carry no names of authors at the end are mine. JDue to the publication of 1000 copies instead of 500 as envisaged eadier, the increase of pages from 3000 to 3338 and the retention of scholars for supervision, the price has been increased to Rs. 110/from the initial one of Rs. 70/-. It does not include any payment to the author for devoting so much time to the project. 4The names of books are not listed to avoid increase in size.
Page 36 of 674
xxxviii
Subject to forgetfulness and little knowledge, I shall heartily thank by speech and writing those who would take the trouble ofpointing out any errors to be found here.
Nabha 1 Baisakh, Sammat Guru Nanak 461, Vikrami 1987 13 April 1930
Servant ofthe lovers of knowledge
Kahan Singh
Page 37 of 674
MAPS AND PICTURES

Page No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Akalbunga - Sri Amritsar Ji Darbar Baba Attalrai Ji-Sri Amritsar Sant Atar Singh Ji Mastuana Sardar Sir Atar Singh, Bhadaur Map of Abchal Nagar Takhat Sri Abchal Nagar (Hazoor Sahib) Sri Harimandir - Amritsar J i Sri Amritsar City Khalsa College, Amritsar Ji Map of Amritsar Weapons of Sri Dashmesh Ji atTakhat Kesgarh Sahib Takhat Kesgarh Sahib - Sri Aiiandpur Map of Anandpur Name of Weapons and their pictures in serial order Gurdwara Fatehgarh Sahib - Sirhind Map of Sirhind - Fatehgarh Musical Instruments Saragarhi Memorial- Sri Amritsar Birds of prey Lion, Tiger Leopard, Panther Map of Sultanpur
84
116 125 125 171 172 187 188 189 190
247 248
249 331-4 409 410 450
467
482-4
491
492
561
Page 38 of 674
1$
<!! 9 ,~ dd(')lad
H<JTO
a-H
ij- [ural the first vowel letter ofPunjabi script, pronounced with lips. From ij- are formed
~ [usga] See rrf(J1T.
~ [usat] Skt ~ n?J'Sl, vr to heat, burn. One
who eats junk and digests it with the heat of its stomach is a camel; one with a long neck. p / , 1 "ture usat mala mahI bhela."-bher kabir. See~. 2 Skt BFc. a lip. "phark;"lt usat ru nEll."--datt. 'Lips and eyes flutter with an ge r.' See "i1=rz an cI l'l{r/-a-. ~ [ustan] Skt~r~ n throwing, forsaking. Fr, ~-Cif}ffi, $-~, ~-rql~,~ "Ik paI).i VIC ustiahI."-var sor ill 3. 'Some are thrown in water.' ~, ~-~, ~-~ and ~ for~, etc. ~' [0] part a word indicating interrogation, ~ [ustar] See ~fRG. ~?;on [ustaru HEll] IDa (lips) and ?;on anger, prohibition or warning. (eyes). See ~ 2. ~ [uastua], ~ [uastva] sen 'You are because of ura.' ura indicates you, your. ~ [ustiahI] See ~7i". -gyan. See its complete meaning under~. ~ [ustaQ] Skt ?Jfi:rwm n an act of sitting in ~l1fT [ua] pron that, a form of ~'{J. It is an the dark i.e. insistence on doing a job without oblique form of third person pronoun. "ua thinking. 2 turbulence. 3 a slander. 4 a scramble. ausar kE hau baIIjai."-sar m 5. "ua ka ~tu na S Skt ~ adj indignant. 6 Some scholars take this word as originating from ~FIC-hr, an janE kou." -ba VeW. "ua te u tamu ganau impossibility as is laying an egg. by a camel. c~Q.ala."-ba van. ~ [uahI] his, to him. "uahI jape bIn ubar ~ lustral a came:l, an ostrich. See~. na hou."_bavan. ~ [ustri] adj concerning a camel. See ~T ~ [UI] pron a form of ftJ, which means ~. 2 Skt ~ n a female camel. 'he, she, or that'. "UI sukh kaslu baran ~ B>f'HT [ustri damama] n a kettle-drum mounted on a camelback. "mace kop kEkE su sunavat."-sar m 5. 2 See re. ustri damarne."-can tr 405. ~ [us]pron a form offtJ, which means 'he, she, or that'. "us uparI hE marag mera." ~ [usat]..;;....-'f n buttocks, rump. 2 to throw, haul. -suhi [arid. 2 S n sunshine, sunlight. 3 Skt?J'Sl, ~"fI"3'1f'i') [usat khan], ~Ff3l:[l(') [usat xvan] (vr to heat, burn, kill) from which are derived lIn the Hindu scriptures the camel is an impure animal and riding it causes impurity. See manu SImntI Ch I2 ~ 20 J words such as~, ~, ~. ~ [usa1a}.a], ~ [usakna] See~. 2 to and atn sImnl:I S 293. According to Islam, the camel is a draw a long deep breath, breathe deeply, sigh. sacred animal and worthy of sacrifice. See <Jt:r.
vowel symbols _, =, ", ~ [5k~r, dulf'kar, hora and kamra respectively]. ~ [u] Skt?J n Brahma. 2 Vishnu. 3 Shiv. 4 part wonderment, astonishment. S a vocative. 6 also, again. 7 in old Punjabi, ~ is also used in place of ",~, H, "lif, ~ and, as for example ~ forcxa-, ~-Ril, $-hr, mFt-w"f, mI-
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P Ijlr; n a part of food that is thrown away like the bone of meat or stone of fruit. "usatkhan go~at magzhr pun."-NP. ~ [ustat], ~ [ustatr] SkI ~ n praise, a eulogy. "ustatr kahanu na jar mukhhu tuharia."-phunhe m 5. See~. ~H3fd~:iI'H fcf~ [ustatr vyaj nidal SkI P f3'i!:il i H f?R'r n a censure under the garb of praise. 2 a rhetorical form. See 'i!:iI'HfC'fi'!'. ~ [ustara] P 37' n a razor. Sk/~. ~ [usatvar] P Jly.-I adj firm, strong. 2 honest, firm in religious belief. ~ [usta] P 1;-1 n a translation of the Zoroastrian scripture also called Zend Avesta. See tR 3. 2 short form of~. ~ [ustad] P )1;-1 n a teacher, an instructor. 2 Guru Nanak Dev. "trn ustad panahr."-var
maru 2 m 5.
~ [u~tur] See~. ~ [ustotr] SkI Ji~ n praise, a eulogy. 2 a
hymn in praise of someone; a psalm. See 1J. In Punjabi it is also pronounced as ~ [astotr]. ~ [usan] Skl-::JmT adjwarm, hot. 2 n summer. "usan sit karta kare."-brla m 5. 3 an onion, silver. 4 in the Purans. the name ofa narticular
tail (cypress scouiosus), holerhera antidy senterica, frageria vesca, and creeper patha in equal measures; pound and boil them in the proportion of half a pound of water for I tola of the pounded mixture. When half the water has evaporated, add one tola of lump sugar. Administered to the patient after sieving, it brings him relief. Alternatively, a pounded mixture of oldenlandin bifora, bElsa, karu, wormsood, coriandrum stivum (coriander seeds), myrtle, all in equal measure, is beneficial. The patient is required to avoid hot condiments, pickles and liquor. "sital jvar aru usantap bhan chai rag aru sanrpat gan."-carrtr 405. 2 sunstroke. ~ [usna] SkI -::r~ adv with pleasure. 2 at once, immediately. 3 n ~. Shukrachary, mentor of the demons. See lJC3'. ~ [usnak] A .:;.l;? plural of~. virtues, moral excellences. 2 adj virtuous, morally upright. "kat sughar usnak."-NP 3 P w=ro'(')TO!'beautiful. See~. 4 shrewd, sagacious.
5See~.
~
fi:fur [usnak SIgh] a resident of Sirhind
who was a whisk-holder in the service ofGuru
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breath, long breath, sigh. "cot suheli sel ki lag<}t leI usas."-s kabir. "p;'lthnIharE kamIni locan bh<}rile usasa."-giw kabir. ~ [usah] SkI ~ n zeal, courage. 2 an enterprise. ~ [usahi] Skt~ adj zealous, enthusiastic. 2 enterprising. ~ [usaI,l] SkI ~ n the end. 2 a result, consequence, an outcome. 3 consciousness, awareness. 4 ~ timely sense of means to be employed. ~ [usarI,la], ~ [usaranu] Skt~-~ ~ n making, constructing. 2 the act of placing one above another. "jo usare so c;l.hahsi tIsu bInu <}v<}ru n<} kOI."-o.kar. ~ [usari] n the process of constructing, building. See ~. ~ [usaru] adj a mason, builder. ~ [usarede] adv in the act ofconstructing or building. 2 adj (those) who build. "kothe m;'lc;l.<}p maria usarede bhi g<}e."-s far.id. ftfJ:r [USI] to or for him/her. See ~H. "tEsa suv<}raI,l tEsi USI mati."-sukhmani. ~ [u1?inar] SkI n a place inhabited by those who fulfil desires; Gandhar Deslh. 2 son of King Mahamana and father of Shivi, a Chandarvanshi king. 1 "g<}yo usinar bhupatI pas."-GPs. See~. ~ [U1?ir] Skt n the scented root ofAndropogon muricatus a grass plant, used for making fans and straw screens, also used to make perfumes and numerous medicines. See 1:fl1. ftJJ [usu] See f2R. "usu asthan ka n<}hi bInas." -sukhmani. ~ [usul] A Jyoi plural of~. n a tenet, principle. 2 a doctrine, an outcome. 3 a root, a base. ~ [usei] See ~. ~ [uses] Skt \3'6t~cmi n a sigh, cold breath.
IFor Ushinar's tale, See Mahabharat part one, p. 131.
"nares ji uses li."'--ramav. 'King Dashrath heaved a sigh.' ~ [usena] to heat, warm, foment. 2 to cook, boil, "bfjnadI bhune bhije pise J usei bIbIdhaniE."-BGK 'meals of different kinds, roasted, soaked, ground, or boiled.' ~ [u1?tra] See ~lc. ~ [ust<}tI] See tjlm. "bvan bIdhI USt<}tI kariE?"-saveye sri mukhvak m 5. ~ [uh] pron he, she, they. "uh tau bhut bhut kan bhagi."-suhi ravTdas. 2 part expressive of grief, surprislc and fear. 3 a vocative pointing to some one or something. ~ [uhda] A ul n a rank, post, position. 2 a responsibi lity. ecle1e1ij [uhdadar]" ~ffir [uhdedar] P ./1)'4 n the holder of a rank. See~. ~ [uM] at that place, th(:re. See ~cli. ~ [uhi]pron the same, that. "jahI dekho, uhi hE."-c5c;fi I. "uhi pio uhi khio."-gau m 5. fttff [uhi] at that vc~ry place. See~. ft1r [uhu]pron he. See ~~."'uhu sakatu bapura marI gaIa."-s kabir. ~ [ukasJQ.a], ~cmor [ukasna] Sk/~ v to rise or move upwards. "guru ke sar jIn ke lage nahI uksan pae."-GPs. 2 to flare up, shine. 3 to raise ht:ad. QaA'ee [uksaut] n .incitement, instigation. See
~~.
[uksauI,la] v to raise:, instigate, provoke. 2 abet. See ~F-J'. eaA'~e [uksavatl See I~*. ~ [ukat] Sk/~ adjsaid, mentioned. "sagal ukat upava."-sri am 5. 'All efforts mentioned above failed.' 2 SkI ;Y~21 n vital air, breath. 3 an utterance, at statement. "hano ukte tan khinsua."-gau m 5. 'failed to speak.' ~cf3T [ukta] n a speaker, talker. 2 a poet. eadi~C!i [uktauI,la] v to fail to speak, stop speaking. 2 to be iindifferent, to lose interest.
~aA'eC!i
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3 to be tired. "pachE bojh uktavdi."-BGK. ~ [ukta!).a], ~ [uktana] adj devoid of strength, weak. 2 with weak sight. "krtre rdtiane ukta!).e."-BG 'many suffering from nyctalopia, and weak vision.' 3 tired. 4 apathetic. 5 v to get tired. 6 to fluster. ~ [UkdtI] Skt ~ n a speech, remark. 2 a novel phrase. "UkdtI sIandp kIChu na jana." -asa m 5. 3 Skt ~~ n a scheme or plan; proposal. "apni ukdtI khdlavE bhojdn dpni UkdtI khelavr."-dhcma m 5. {IOlfafawR [ukdtIbIlas], ~Olf3f~M'H [UkdtIVIlas] a free translation of Durga's omnipotent power in Dasam Granth, Chandicharitar excels in marvellous quotes. Its first line reads "dth cadi CdrItr ukdtI bIlas."-dh<ma m 5. ~ [Ukdth] See ~ 2. ~ [ukdr]}, n a weight, load. 2 weightage, regard. "ukdr apno kyokdr khovhI."-GPS. 3 elderliness, reverence. 4 to spread, sprawl.
5See~.
flies away. It keeps away from the odour of roses and does not get close to them. Snakes do not come where its feathers are burnt. In the past its feathers were stuck in arrows. See
~
LfsT.
~ [ukar] n the character". 2 pronunciation
of ". 3 "l'IfO(TO. "udstua ukara. "-gyan. meaning 'Through ura is the form of the ultimate realised.' 4 the Creator. "jajar ukar prdka:;; illItr."-NP 'The realisation of the Creator eliminates worldly bonds.' 5 immanent, latent with qualities. See
~.
~ [ukdr!).a], ~ [ukdrna] Skt~ v
to cut, chop into bits. 2 to dig, scrape. ~ [ukled] Skt~ n vomit, puke causing nausea or sweat. ~ [Ukdrna] v to bend, bow. 2 to catch, pounce. {I0lTit [ukai] n an omission, oversight, a mistake. ~ [ukas!).a], ~ [ukasna] See ~. "sis ukasE UPdrI jOI."-GPs. ~ [ukab] A ",:""IP n a chasing and hunting bird, larger than a falcon but smaller than a vulture that has black eyes; an eagle. It is a foreign bird and does not lay eggs in the Punjab. It has a large head and heavy talons. An eagle can easily kill a fox or a rabbit. On seeing other hunting birds like hawks preying, it swoops on them, snatches their prey and
sen has form, is immanent. "kr ukards, kI nIkards."-gyan. 'is with and without form.' ~ [ukal] n a bad time, an evil hour. 2 the lack of something; destruction. "tretE cduthe Cdrd!). ukala."-BG ~ [ukera] n an engraver, inscriber. 2 adj engraved. "sIlpIn cItr vIsal ukera."-GPs. 'The craftsmen engraved a wide picture.' See fHm an d fi:Imit. ~ [ukk!).a] v to forget, err. ~ [ukkar] adj (one) who misses, fails or forgets to act. "guru te ukkar cela."-BG ~ [ukka] advoriginally, initially, completely. 2 adj altogether, overall. ~ [ukt] See ~. ~ [uktmillItta] See f~F.lRf~ (b). ~ [UktI] See~. ~ [ukhal], {IcmT [ukhli] Skt ~cm none whose face is skyward; a vessel of wood or stone with a deep pit in which grain is hulled, flailed or thrashed. 2 sockets of sense organs. "nau ukhal."-BG 29-10. 'nine openings ofthe human body.' 3 sense inhering the organs; socket ' . "nau ukhal VIC ukhli."-BG
'Nose, car, eye etc. arc limbs formed like sockets. In them, the faculty to smell, hear and see, operates as sense.
~ [ukards]
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fN~
[ukkhall).a] v to skin, scrape or remove the surface layer. "kuhI kuhI khall ukhall vIl).assi."-BG ~ [ukhama] v to become rootl-;5s. 2, to shift from a place. ~ [ukha] See 3.2, Dg night, W"Cf<!" [ukkhal).] v (~-1:fO(')) to dig up, excavate, to mine. "khan ukkhan kaqh al). de nIrmolak hira."-BG ~ [ugl).a], ~ [ugna] v to sprout, come out of the seed. 2 (for the sun) to rise, appear. ~ [ugar] See ~ and ~. ~ [ugral).] Skt ~ v to throw out eaten stufffrom the mouth, vomit. 2 (for a weapon) to come out of the scabbard with force. See {Jorfu. ~ [ugrahi] n collection; the act of raising, taking or receiving. ~ [ugan] adv with a jerk. 2 with a leap. "ur te ugan katari lagi."-c.~ritr 113. ~ rugal] Skt~. See ~. fI~ [ugall).a], fICJm?iT [ugalna] See fI01QC:. "blkhu kaqh mukh uglare."-var gau m 4. 'gurgled out of the mouth.' "ugal myan te kharag papate."-GPs. 'The sword leapt out of the scabbard and fell.' ~ [uglare] leaping out. See ~. ~ [ugli] See ~. ~ [ugval).], ~~ [ugvan] v to come out, sprout. "nau bije nau ugv."-var ram 1 m 3. 2 to rise, appear, become manifest. "je sau cada ugavhI."-var asa m 2. 3 nearly morning, dawn. 4 the east, where the sun rises. "ugval).hu tE athvanhu."-var raITt 3. ~ [ugvada] rising, appearing. 2 n Arora, a resident ofChuhnian who became a disciple of Guru Arjan Dev and attained beatitude. "setha ugvada dou apar sabhaga tin.,"-GPS. fIOJTU [ugahJ See~. 2 n a witness. See
~.
~ [ugahl):a], ~!~ [ugahnaJ Skt ~-1J1?Uf
v to collect, receive. 2 to deposit, realize. ~ [ugaha] a matnk metre of two lines, each having 26 matras with a mid pause after the fifteenth 'and the final pause after the next eleventh matra, the last two matras being guru and laghu. Example: "mE manI tan]: premu plram ka, atthe pahIr laganI. jan nanak kIrpa dhan prabh, satIgur sukkh]: VaSanI."I_Var gau 1 m 4. fI'arrfu [ugahI] n See ~r. 2 ~-C'f'IU a boat, ship. "cara)) tal ugahI bSIO sramu na rahlo sarirI."-maru am 5. 'The passenger sat with the boat under his feet unmindful of the disrespect shown, rather he alleviated his fatigue.' ~ [ugahi] n evidence:; the statement of a witness. "IEke vaqhi dem: ugahi durmatI ka gab phaha he"--maru soJhe m 1. ~ Fffi'fu [ugal)a sara I J See ~. ~ [ugal).iJ a village in tehsil and police station Rajpura in Patiala state. It has a gurdwara dedicated to Guru Teg Bahadur and Guru Gobind Singh. Pandit Tara Singh has referred to Ugani as Ugani Sarai. Two halls have been built in a single compound, the right hand one is in the memory of the ninth Guru and the left hand one in that ofthe tenth Gum. Maharaja Karam Singh of Patiala had got them constructed. The gurdwara has 20 bighas of land attached to it. Its sewadar is a baptized Singh.
I
In this the sign of adhak () has been used at two places, only to show the number of matHIS. In Gurbani, we should not add any sign on our own because expert granthis. while reciting, pay adequate ear to geminated words. In "kam
musla suphu galI."
--5
[arid., the pronounciation of
"musalla" is evident enough.
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From Sarai Banjara railway station, a mile long path leads eastward to this place. ~ [ugathal a gal:lIk metre comprising four lines, each line organised as 151, 551, SIS, 5, with pauses after every five characters. Example: ajItt jItte, abah bahe, akhac;l khac;le, adah dahe, abhac;l bhac;le, ac;lag c;lage, amOn mOne, abhag bhage.1-ramav. ~ [ugadhl n a vafl.).Ik metre also named tIlkaria and ya$oda. It has four lines each organised as 151, 5, 5. Example: saban m::t:\a, udas bE:t:\a, kahyo kunari, kuvntIkari. 2-ramav. ~ [ugal:t:\al v See~. 2 to roll whatever is put into the mouth between tongue and palate; to ruminate; to chew the cud. I1dl i l'Se i(') [ugaldanl n a utensil in which whatever is being rolled in the mouth is spit; a spittoon, cuspidor. ~ [ugali] n rumination; the act of chewing the cud as goats and sheep do. W' [ugur] Skt ~ n a bud, sprout. "kallar khet na bij ugurE."-BG 'in saline barren field, the seed does not sprout.' ~ [ugrl Skt ~ adj frightening, fearful, terrible. "ugr pap sakat nar kine."-kalI am 4. 2 sharp, piercing. 3 irate. 4 strong, powerful. 5 n according to Manu, a kshatri offspring born to a shudar (low caste) woman; (in Aushnas Simriti) a Brahman's offspring born to shudar woman. 6 Shiv. ~ [ugrsen], ~ [ugrsE:t:\], ~ [ugrsm] Skt~ n one who has a strong army; son of
IExcitement of women is shown through the example of
Kekai.
2With tear filled eyes, King Dashrath said to Kekai. "0 false woman! you are an evil woman."
Ahuk born to Pavanrekha, husband ofKarani, father of Kans, elder brother of maternal grandfather of Krishan and elder brother Devki's father. Ugarsen brought up his niece as his own daughter and therefore Devki came to be known as Ugarsen's daughter. U garsen ru led over the kingdom of Mathura very efficiently, but his wicked son Kans dethroned him and himself became the king. Krishan killed his maternal uncle Kans and reinstated U garsen on the throne. Ugarsen was a devotee of the Creator. "ugrsE:t:\ kau raj abhE bhagtah jan dio." -s~Wtye m 1. "ugrsEn ki kanIka nam devki tas."--knsan. 2 a son of king Parikshit. 3 a devotee of Guru Amar Das whom the latter imparted religious instruction. "ugrsm aru ramu dipa."-GPs. ~ [ugrkarma] Skt -;:rn 91lf.:1,adj(one) who commits terrible deeds. 2 cruel, merciless. ~ [ugrdhanva], ~dJ1:ql [ugrdhanvi], I1djQ('):;l' [ugrdhanya] Skt~ adjwho wields a stiff bow, mighty bowman. "maha ugrdhanya bac;li phJj lEk"-ramav. 2 Indar. 3 Shiv. 4 Guru Gobind Singh. ~o.r [ugra] Skt n goddess Kali; Kalika. 2 a wrathful woman. "tumE log ugra atyugra bakhanE."-carrtr 1. 3 parsley seed. ~ [ugrayudh] according to Harivansh, a celebrated king. 2 dreadful arms, sharp weapons. ~ [ugru] n a devotee ofGuru Arjan Dev who re=ndered signal service during the raising of Amritsar. "bhai ugru aru kalyana."-GPs. ~ [ugre$l Skt n god of fierce people; lord of village-republics, Shiv. ~ [ugresujIara] sen ~-ilF.r-~. Ugarsen, the illustrious king. 2 majesty of king Ugarsen. "dvaravatI ugresujIara." -caritr 203.
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7
~t.l/C [ughat] S n cleanliness. 2 the idea of
~ [ucak] See tI;:rc~7)T. 2 n boredom, mental
becoming manifest. ~ [ughatat] being born, rising. See ~7). "ughatat tan tarJig rag atI."-hajart:! 10. ~ [ughatan], ~ [ughatna] SkI ~R v to reveal. "nfda kOI na sIjh:co, iO ved ughatE."-BG 2 to create, make, organise. ~ [ughar], ~(jT [ugharna] v to get away from the screen, become distinct 2 to get manifest. "ughan gaIa jEsa khota ghabua nadan sarapha aIa."-asa m 5. See~. ~ [ughrara] n a gully formed by running water; a pit formed by a water current. 2 a crevice, fissure. ~ [UghlaUl.).a] v to doze, be sleepless. ~ [ughlana] adj dozing, feeling sleepy, drowsy. "mera manu alsia ughlana."-jEt m 4. ~US' [ughar] ~U/37iT [ugharna] See ~Uffli')T. "suavgir sabh ughar ae."-var gau I m 4. See
1J~. ~ [ugha] See
~UfT(jT
If'urr.
[ughana] v to doze off; to jerk into wakefulness whille drowsy, to be sleepless. 2 to challenge, call to fight. "mar mar cahO or ughae."-caritr405. 3 to call. "j2lb rani hVE din ughayo."-carItr 113. ~ [ugharan] See ~. ~ [ughavan] v to be drowsy; to doze off. 2 to render prominent. 3 to roar, challenge to fight. "dou mar hi mar ughavi':."-krIsan. ~urr;ro [ugharan], tIurr;:rc)T [ugharna] S v to remove the cover; to denude. 2 show, reveal. ~ [uggh] n news, trace, information. 2 fame, reputati on. ~ [uggha] adjmanifest. 2 famous. "paca V:IC ugha kan vekhalIa"-gau var 1 m 4. 3 the weapon drawn out from the scabbard. "ugghe jIn neje."-ramav. fftr [uc] See tI"B. ~ [uc-hadi] See tJt!t.
instability. 3 hangover after doping has ceased. "das kabir tas mad mata ucak na kabhu jai."-ram kabir., ~ [ucakna] vto be distracted, be distraught. 2 n the act of lifting up, making one jump. "mana kop kE bir baji ucakki':."-caritr 405. 3 to take and run away" carry away. ~ [ucaka]" WcX"'- [uccaka] n a lifter, thief, swindler; pickpocket, robber, dacoit. "handhan kau ucaka ner na avai."-suhi m 5. ~ [ucat] See tI-tfl:c~. ~ [ucatna] to be fed up, become indifferent, not to remain firm. 2 to get out of the way, discontinue. 3 to be free from worldly attachments. ~ [ucral:L]., ~R!~r [ucan.la], ~ [ucc1rna] SkI ~ v to say, speak, utter. "ucarhu ram nam."-g;:w m 5. 2 'lCl-Tf<:UT to eat up, devour. "kam krodh trIsna ucn:."--var sar m 3. ~t:l~I~<!1 [ucvaUl:la], ~w [ucvana] SkI v to lift from lower to higher level, raIse. "sIkkhan te ucvaI su lina."-GPs. ~ [ucarna] See ~7)T. ~ [uera], tItr.ft lucri] See~~. 2 See~. ~t:ll~<!i [ucaul.).a] v to lift, raise, in cite. "banI bhar ueaInI chatiL"-var ram 3. ~ [ucai] See ~tP~. 2 n height, altitude. 3 elderliness, praise. fftrrc [ueat] Skt ~"'qT<: n melancholy, apathy. 2 a state of the mind, getting distraught. ~ [ucatan] SkI 0'iOTITC~;or n disjoining, dismantling. 2 distractiion. "ucatanadI karmal.).a. "-gyan. ~ [ucal.).], tIwo [uean] high level, high place, grandeur. 2 height, altitude. 3 v to lift, raise. "bhar ke ucanhar tyar bhe apar hi."
-NP
~ [ucapat], ~.rl~, [ucapatI], ~ [ucabat]
n the sale or purchase on credit; taken from
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~QT1fur
shop without cash payment. "dotr ueapatr lekh na lrkhir."-tukha eMt m 1. See ~fu. 2 the process of lifting. ~ [uearaD], ~ [uearan] See ~. ~ [ueara] Skt J-cilIR<:i adj said, spoken. 2 n a recital of pedigree or genealogy at the time of marriage. "nabhrkamal mahr bedi raerle, brahamgyan ueara."-asa kabir. ~ [ueala) Skt J-cillR1\i adjtransient, mortal. ~ [ueavaee] adj uneven. 2 criticism, See
fI~~.
~ [ueava] adj high, lofty. 2 raised, lifted.
"satrguru sacca sahu hE hor sahu besah ueave."-BG. 'Trust in other traders has vanished.' ~ [uersat] See~. ~ [uert] Skt adjsuitable, appropriate. "udar uert dand haran."-savye m 2 ke. 2 condign, correct. 3 known, acquainted. 4 connected. 5 happy, satisfied. ~ [uerta] n suitability, propriety. 2 superiority. "uerta srkkhi par ea<;lhjar."GPs. (lftl3 1(!ftl3 [uertanuert] ely ~-l?fQftr3' fair and foul, good and bad. "uertanuert nahi man janhr."-GPS. ~ [ueera] adj marked by loftiness, highly exalted. ~ [ueer] n an act of teasing, a reasoning.
2See~. ~ [ueerna] v to pull apart; to peel. 2 to
separate. See ~.
~ [uee] Skt ~ adj high, lofty. 2 superior,
superb. "trn kau padvi uee bhai."-savye m 4. 3 n a town on the southern bank of Satluj river in Ahmedpur subdivision of Bahawalpur state. Thirty eight miles ' to the south east of Bahawalpur town, it had Devgarh as its old name. Towards the end
'E a mile has 1760 yards i.e. eight furlongs.
of the twelfth century, its ruler Raja Dev Singh, having been defeated by Sayyad Jalaludin Bukhari escaped to Marvar. 2 The Sayyad plundered Devgarh and married the king's daughter Sundarpari and renamed the town as Uch. It is a famous seat for many Muslim saints and they call it "Uch Sharif." Now it comprises three neighbouring settlements. ~tJI3o [ueesur) See ~~. In Dasam Granth some ignorant scribe has put this word wrongly in place of~. "Eravat taru ueesur hanhr dae sukhpar."-carItr 113. 'Eravat, the elephant, Kalap tree and Uchshrav, the horse were given to lndar.' 2 a high pitch, loud tone. ~~ [ueqrava) Skt ~:~ n one who has high ears, such horse of Indar is white, which is in colour. According to the Purans, it emerged when gods and demons churned the ocean. "uee sravah saman nrrat karat." -priehat. See ~tllj,,iftA. 2 a seven-mouthed horse of the sun which neighs loudly. 3 deaf; xa also called B-~ trf;p;r (ascended to the top floor) by the Nihangs. 4 adj highly reputed, celebrated. {lvtllj,,ifeA [ueesravars], {tllj,,ie!F.1 [ueesravar~) n the owner of this horse. "ueesr,wars es eSI).i rSI).i arII).i."-sanama. 'Uchshrav is owned by Indar, his master is Kashyap, earth is his property, his protection is by the king's army, the gun is his enemy.' ~tr a-r tflo [uee ka pir] adj a guru of a lofty status, universal teacher, teacher's teacher. 2 n Guru Gobind Singh, whom Gani Khan, Nabi Khan and Bhai Daya Singh attributed this doubly suggestive epithet to the royal army at the time of his departure from Machhivara. Thereby the Muslims took him for some
2Jalaludin was a disciple of Sheikh Bahauddin ofMultan.
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holyman of this town (Vch). "nag,w uee ko basi bhakhat diragh pir ritI Iakhyat.."-GPs. See ~tr 3. ~ [uecra], ~~ [uecri], ~tJT [ueea] marked by greatness. "pIr ucriE marriE l:Ihu loa SIr taja."-suhi chat m 1. 'some one staying in a lofty palace.' See ~tr. ~ [ueeaghar] n the loftiest state, salvation. 2 the ultimate stage in spiritual ~:xercise. 3 a holy congregation. 4 See UfO~ and fml~. ~ [ueeat] See~. ~ [ueeathal] Skt ~~ n the region of the True One, the exalted state. 2 a holy congregation. 3 an aspirant with pure conscience and spiritual loftiness. See ~'ER? ~ [ueeavae] Skt '3 vij IClij adjhigh and low. 2 small and big. 3 good and bad. "jag maIn ueeavae je kaj."-GPs. ~ [Geh] Skt ~ n the act of picking up grains fallen in the harvested field. 2 grains lying in the passage or food fallen in the field after harvesting. ~ [Geh~il]Skt'35(0~nM adj(one) who lives by collecting ears of corn fallen in the harvested field. ~ [uehak], ~soro [uehkan] JVl the act of jumping upward in sitting position, a gambol. "uehkat taji."-kdlki. 'The Arab horses gambol.' ~ [OehbnttI] Skt '35(0'[Rt n the act of making I:>oth ends meet by picking up stray grains from the harvested field. 2 a holyman specifically mentioned in Mahablharat, so named because of his habit of picking up fallen grains or ears ofcorn from the harvested fields. ~ [uehran], ~ [uehlan], ~~ [uehalna] Skt ~ v to leap, gambol, skip, frisk. 2 to . overflow the banks. "bhan sarvaru jab uehIE, tab l:araDu duhela."-s fdrid. "uehlIa kamu kal
matI lagi. "'-beni sri. ftS'W [~ehla] n a varrLIk metre also tlamed uehal, hasak and paktI. It has four Iines, each line is organised as 511, 5, 5. Example: gav",t nari. bajat tari. dekhat raja. devat saja.-aj. ~ [uehav] Skn~'W3: n a pleasure-giving task, joyful work. 2 happiness. ~ [uehah] Skt ~~ n courage, boldness. 2 ambition. 3i endeavour. 4 fondness. 5 amusement. ~ [uehahar] n hatred, disgust. 2 nausea, numbness, the act ofwre:tching. ~ [uehahra] n zeal. See ~. 2 a person full of zeall and ardour. 116NN:1 i [uehahara] with ardour, courageously. "kur mare kal uc..lahara."-maru solhe m 1. ijsrfu [uehahI] with zeal. 2 for amusement. "khel kiya apDE oehahI jiU."-sdvEye m 4 ke. ~ [uehar] n a covering, bolster. "jari sag jare rajE arun uehar hi."-NP. 'red coloured (quilt) covers.' 2: See ~~. ~ [ueharan] See ~. ~ [uehal] See i~ and ~. ~ [uehalan], ~~(iT [uehalna] Skt~-;:r v to make one leap, to make one jump across. 2 to throw upward. 3 to turn upside down. ~ [uehar] n a covering, bolster. See ~. 2 covering material. ft'fiim'c [uehISat] Skt "'3i~c adj left-over victuals or leavings, refuse. ftt~ [uehedan] Skt -;:r~~-;:r v to dig up, excavate. 2 to cut into p'ieces, chop; to gnaw. 3 to destroy. ~ [ueher] n ~~'--~_ water-front, river-bank. 2 the act of grazing animals. 3 See ~ tJO<!T. ~ tr6<!'T [ueher carDa] Skt ~~~ mr,"lR. unrestrictl~d wanderiing of animals; grazing freely.
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[uchohara] See (j iiNJ I;:' I. ~ [uchag] Skt~ n a lap. "sIricad dhar nam tIh pay uchag bhatij."-NP ~ [ujaq.q.] adj uncouth, very stupid. ~ [ujbak] P ...(jll n an inhabitant of Tatar. 2 an uncivilized race of Tatar. There were many Uzbaks in the army of Taimur whose ancestor was an Uzbak. This race is mentioned at many places in the Indian history. 3 In Punjabi, a tall, strong but stupid man is called by this name. "ujbak kIsu valayat kera. khaI bahut aru oj ghanera." -GPs. ~ [ujar] n strength, power. 2 adj desolate, uninhabited. 3 A J~ n excuse. 4 reason, cause. 5 an act of expressing helplessness. ~ [ujarxvahi] P t,jl} J ~ the act ofasking for the cause or the reason. 2 asking about the reason of a person's death, condolence. 3 the act of asking for pardon. ~ [ujrat] A ..::..-.7.1 n the act of paying for the work done, wage. 2 hire, fare. ~ [ujal] Skt~, ~. shining, clean, clear. "ujal moti sohl).e."-suhi var m 1. 2 white. "ujal kha cIlakl).a." Poets consider the following objects as shining and clean: <:lmrIt (ambrosia), Eravat (Indar's elephant), satyug (the epoch of truth), satgul). (qualities of truth), crystal, s<:lr<:ldghan (killer of cold, fire), goddess Sarda, oyster, Shiv, sud<:lr$<:ln (Vishnu's discus), the sun, $e$nag (serpent god), conch, saints' heart, laughter, snow, Himalayas, swan, cotton, camphor, .katI m<:ll).I (a jewel), Radha's mother Kirati, kud flower, Ganga (river Ganges), moonlight, rice, lime, sandalwood, moon, sunlight, Narad, mercury, pun (meritorious act), Baldev (elder brother of Krishan), pearl, silver, teeth and heron. 3 free from blemish. 4 beautiful. 5 See
IMany writers pronounce this word as "uzbak."
Wffi? ~ [OJ<:ll] Skt ~ n the hollow formed with
both the hands, palms raised upwards to receive something. ~tIW [ujla] See ~ffi? "soi kam kamaI jrtu mukh ujla."-asa m 5. "sahIb mera ujla."-var ram m 1. ~ [uj<:lr] adjuninhabited. "kori n<:lr<:lk b<:lrabre ujar soi thau."-var jet. ~ [uj<:lrna] v to become uprooted, to get homeless. 2 to be totally destroyed. ~ [ujas] n light, brightness, radiance. "bijuri prakas jIm tej ko ujas."-GPs. "b<:ldhyo cad sam caru ujas."-GPs. 2 renown. ~ [ujag<:lr] adjwell-known, famous. "h<:lrI ke nam kabir ujag<:lr."-asa ravdas. 2 manifest, bright. "<:lvtar ujagar an ki<:lu."-savEye m 5 ke. 3 awakened, knowledgeable. 4 n the sun. 5 xa a lamp, candle. ~ [ujagri] n renown. 2 xa lantern. ~ [ujan] Skt ~-<rR n a high flying rider, aeroplane. 2 a god riding, a celestial vehicle. I ~ [ujana], ~ [ujani] adj rider of a high flying vehicle, rider of an aeroplane. 2 n god. "kotI tetis ujana."-asa kabir. ~ [ujar] See ~, ~ and ~. ~ [ujarau] n light, brightness, illumination. "tab jaI jotI ujarau lah."-g,m bavan kabir. ~ [ujara] n destruction, devastation. 2 cost or compensation for destruction. "sabh kIda. ko bharhu ujara."-NP 3 light, radiance. "nam japat kotr sur ujara."-jEt m 5. ~ [ujari] adj shining, sparkling. "sobh<:lt panI krIpan ujari."-paras. ~ [ujaro] See~3. 2 lighted, illuminated. "satIguru S<:lb<:ldI ujaro dipa."i-brla m 5. 'lit the lamp of knowledge.' ~tr'W [ujala] n light, radiance, brightness. "pragat rahIO pr<:lbhu sarab ujala."-maru solhe m 5. See~.
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[ujar] n an uninhabited place, a wasteland. ~ [ujarna] v to depopulate, remove habitation. 2 to destroy. ~ [ujara] n devastation. 2 a fine for causing destruction.
~ [ujlar~u], ~ [ujlara],~
through which no path can be found; also~. "bhal).E ujhdifI bhanE raha."-majh m 5. ~ [ujharpatlu], ~~Lhft [ujharpathi] adj ignorant, gone astray, (one) who loses his way in a dense: junglle. "ujharpiHhI bhramE gavari."-suhi cJ::tait m 4. ~ [ujhap] in a pathless wilderness. See
[ujiaro], ~ [ujlala], ~ [ujiara] light. ~. See Www. "harI ka nam sag ujiara." ~ [ujhar] n a wiild wasteland, an uninhabited place. 2 Sele ~~r(). -sukhmcmi. "bhalo ujlaro bhavansagIare." -dhana ravdas. ~ [ujharan] v to uproot. 2 to scatter, Wg [uju] A ~, n washing of hands, feet and disperse. 3 to wind up. "bhanat nanak jab khel ujharE t~b ekE ek;j,kara."-maru m 5. face prior to namaz. "uthu pharida uju sajI subah nlvaj gujarI."-s farid. "kxa uju paku ~ [ujhad See ~t~. kia muhu dhola?"-prabha kabir. ~ [ujhirl adj undisputed, uncontested, ~ [ujm] Skt \3\Njfl-f1 n a town in Gwalior uncontroverted. "gurumukh marag c~lll).a as state, old capital of Malwa, situated on the nIrasi jhir ujhiri."-BG 2 not dense, sparse, southern bank of Shipra river. Vikramaditya sporadic. "chIn me ghan so kardin ujhira." also ruled here for some time. In Sanskrit -krrsan. texts, this place is also named "Avanti". The ~~ [ujjhar] See i~~. ancient temple ofMahakal is to be found hc~re. ~~ [ujjharpathI] Se,e~. "bhup ujm puri ko j~hiL"-krIsal1. ~ [Up] adv like that, in the same manner. ~ [ujjal] See ~. 2 Dg adj of a high caste. We rut] See C. 2 Skt straw, herbage. 3 of a pristine race. ~ [utak'm] n a g~l).Ik metre of four lines, each line organise:d as SIS, SIS, SIS, SIS, SIS, SIS, ~ [ujjar] See ~tRr;r. Wtr.JTOT [ujyara] See Wtl'l'W. "jah anh~t sur SIS, S, with the first pause at the twelfth ujyara."-sor namdev. character and the second at the tenth character thereafter. ~ [ujval] See '~. Example: ~ [ujhakl).a], ~ [ujh~kna], v to shine, be startled. 2 to jump, leap. 3 to bend in order surbira saje ghar baje baje, bhaj kata! sUl).e ram ae, to see. ~ [ujhar], W'5'""d<!"" [ujharl).a], W'SOO [ujhr~n] ball maryo bali SIdhu patyo jinE, v to depart; to be ruined. "khln p~1 baji tahr so ber kEse racae? dekhiE ujhrat nahi bara."-asa am 1. 2 to be byadh jityo j:mE jabh maryo unE, separated, get displaced or uprooted. "jabE ram :>tar soi suhae, de mIlo janki bat hE syan ki, ujhar tU bhakh hE turat vahE chutjaI."-c~ritr cam ke dam kahe calae ?I-ramav. 68. "rIS jujjh ujjhre rajput."-ramav. Skt W"w>. to be separated. 3 to be unravelled or ~iqo [utak~n] Skt the act of stopping; an impediment, obstade. 2 wrangling, an excuse. solved. ~ [ujhar] n a garden, forest. 2 a wilderness 'Mandodari's advice to Ravan.
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[utagclI:d n seeds of k5cphdli, a canthodium hirtum, used to cure several diseases. ~ ruth] See ~ and ~. 2 Skt ~ vr to beat; to chide. ~ [uthdia] adjrising. 2 n a dancing horse, gamboling like an acrobat. 3 v rises. "sdrdha mdnI bdhutu uthdia."-brla am 4. ~ tJT<!T [uth jal).a] v to go away, march off. 2 to die, leave the world. "uth jal).a ta keha mal).a ?"-prov. ~ [uthl).a], ~ [uthna] Skt~ vto stand up. 2 to wake up. 3 to be alert, get ready for work. 4 to sprout, grow. "jdhI te uthIo tdhI hi aIo."-sar m 5. "jI osu mIlE tIsu kUSdt uthahi."-var gau 1 m 4. ~ [uthvani] n an attack, a charge. "ture dhdvaI uthvdni kari."-carrtr 176. ~ [uthvEya] adjwho rises. 2 who arouses. 3 n ajumping horse, smat1 horse. ~ [uthaul).a] v to lift. See ~ and ~. "banhI uthai potli."-s farid. 2 to remove, abolish, cancel. "sdbh lekha rekh-hu uthai." -sor m 5. 3 to decipher a document. ~'i5'O [uthan] n rise, progress. 2 desire for copulation after menses. 3 an attack, a charge. "hdri sfgh tdb kdri uthana."-VN. 4 heroic stanzas sung before the p5ri stanza for generating a heroic feeling. ~ [utharna], ~ [uthalna] v to make one rise or stand up, lift. "pdkdrI kes jdm utharIo."-asa m 5 partal."Ikna sutra der uthalr."-s farid. 2 to begin. "hdrI jdn SIU bad uthriE."-brla ill 5. 3 to bear, endure. "dukh bdhut uthayo."-GPs. 4 to stop, prohibit. 5 to obliterate, destroy. See (j6 1(j<t '. ~ [uthalr] adv having lifted. See ~<5"C?c'iT. ~ [uthr] having got up, having risen up. "uthr rsnan kerhu pdrbhate."-basat m 5. ~ [uq] See~. "uq hun kaga kare."-gau
kabir. See ~ (ji,3I(j<t I. 2 See ~. ~ [uqag] See~. ~ [uqgfd] n the master ofuQgdl). (stars), the moon. "gyan van srkh yut uqgfd."-GPS. ~'irST [uqcha] See ~. "khojdt udchandth ke."-carrtr 2. ~ [uql).a] Skt ~ v to fly, rise up into the air. ~~w [uqankhdtola] n a flying cot, an aircraft, aeroplane. "uqdnkhdtole bdhut sajai."-PP. ~ [uqdnpakheru] adj a migratory bird. 2 human mind. "rhu mdnu uqdnpakheru bdn ka."-sar kabir. 3 n mind. 4 a body showing erotic charm. ~ [uqna] See ~. ~ [UQdrI] adv having flown. "has UqdrI kodhrE para."-s farid. 2 adj flier, capable of flying. "pakhi pac UqdrI ndhi dhavhr." -maru solhe m 1. 'five senses imagined as a bird in flight.' ~ [uqrra] flew away, disappeared. "dhdrdmu pakh kdrI uqrra."-var majh m 1. ~ [uqva] stars, planets. "hdrI jdn sobha sdbh jdg uparr, jru vrcr uqva sdsrkik." -prabha m 4. See 'Rfi:rcftor. [uqau] adj spendthrift, prodigal. 2 who flies; capable of flight. ~ [uqari] n a flight, the act of flying. "mrthE mdkhu mua kru Ide uqari."-asa chat m 5. 'Unstable, distracted mind flies like a bird.' ~~ [uqaru] adj fit for flying, capable of flying. ~ [uqI]i having flown. "mdnu pakhi bhdro uqr uqr'ddh drsr jar."-s kabir. ~ [uqrd] ~-~ n the master of stars; the moon. ~mw [uqisa] Skt 3IT9: n part of Bengal that includes Cuttack, Balsur and Puri. It is called
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Utkal as well. The famous temple: of Jagannath is at Puri See RCJ1'orEr. "kaha uqise. majanu kia ?"-prabha kabir. ~ [uQik] n wait. See ~: ~ [uQikl).a], ~ [uQikna] SktW3'-~full<! to look upward, to cast constant gaze in one direction. 2 to wait, await. ~ [uQin], ~(!T [ugil).aT, ~r [uQil).i] Skt \3Cftuf adj perplexed, confounded. 2 sad. '''hau h~rI bajh uQll).ia."-bIha cJt m 4. :3 sUirprising. "vat hamari khari uQil).i."-s farid. ~ [uQin] See~. 2 Skt ~ n flight. ~ [uQini] become sad. See ~'iR!:9'. "uqini uQini uQini, kab gharI avni."-bIJa pd(taJ m 5. ~ [uQu] Skt ~:s n a bird: 2 water. ,3 a star, planet. ~ [uQug] short form for~. stars. ~ [uQugal).] n stars, nebula, starry cluster. l1l11dl(')Itl [uQugnath] n lord of uQugan, the moon. l1l11dlFoch [uQug11Iket] house of stars; night. -sanama. ~ foai3R [uQug 11IketIs] the night, a house of stars, the moon, master.-sanama. ~ [uQugbhup] the king ofstars, the moon. -sanama.. ~ ~ [u(~ugbhupl).i bhupl the moon, the lord ofstars; its consort river Chandarbhaga whose matron is the earth.-sanama. feminine form of the lord. ~ [uQup] Skt,~ n the lord of~ (water), Yarull. 2 a ship, boat. 3 the moon. 4 a blue jay, heron. See~~. ~ [uQupatIj Skt~ n the moon. 2 blue jay. See~. ~ [uQuva] See ~. l1iHiM'M [uQerolal] See~. ~ [uQat] n flight. 2 adjflown. 3 flying, while flying. "paval). uQat na dhaVE."-savEye m 3. See t!'@e:I1J3. ~ [uQh] See fulo.
~ [uQhlial S,;:e ~~l>w.
11t: I I1e: i [uQhaul).a] See m~.

~o't [uQhJni] n a doth for covering the body.
"manhu sabfdu nil uQluni."-GPs. 'As if deep green earth coven:::d with red velvety lady-bugs is a blue embroidered sheet.' ~"'iifl? [uQQhal] ad} who seeks shelter. "Qhal uddhla."-ramav. 2 a wearer~ ~ [Ul).] See ~jT and ~"(). 2 Dg pron they. 11e:3 i l')1 [ul).tali] thirty-nine. ~"<!3Q [ul).attar] sixty-nine. ~"<Y3't [ul).atti] twenty-ni\1l;:. See ~. ~ [ul).na] v to kllit, weave. "tal).I Ul).I khDb caraIke."-BG S ~m. ~<!}f(!' [ul).mal).] Dg adj unhappy, sad. See
~OJ-/O.
~ [ul).v;)ja] Skt ~ ~ forty-nine.
~ [ul).asath] fiftynine. ~ . [ul).asiJ sev(mty-nine. ~ [ul).anve] Skt 1tcl~ ~.eighty-nine. ~ [Ul).I] adv having kniitted. See~. ~ [ul).etu] Skt"3"''1~ n the ritual of wearing the sacred thread, "bhadal).u Ul).etu karaIa." -ram m 5 bJno. See ~Ni'i:t3'. ~tI'" [ul).::lja] Se:e ~~. W3' rut] Skt ~"30' n the otherworld. "it ut jia nal s::lgi."-guj m 5. 2 adv on that side, thither. "ut takE ut te utI pekhE."-dhana m 5. 3 perhaps. 4 pron he. See~. ~3'ffiICIT [utsarag] Skt ~pf n renunciation, abandonme:nt. 2 charity. 3 termination, end, conclusion. ~ [utsarpIl).i] Skt,~ n visualised by the Jains, a view ofThne. Like the Hindus have their cycles of Satyug, etc., Jains have their view ofutsarpIl).i. (moving forward) and avsarpal).i, (moYing backward). ~ [utsav] Skt ,ITBCf n pleasure, rejoicing. 2 a pleasun;:-giving action. ~ [utsah] Skt '3c'Blf? n enthusiasm, boldness.
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2 zeal, tenacity. "din daIal, karhu utsaha." -suhi m 5. ~ [utsahi] SkI \3,{"118;\ adj enthusiastic. 2 energetic. ~ [utsuk] SkI ~Cfl adj eager to know, excited with desire. I1dBOld ' [utsukta] SkI n eagerness, ardent desire to possess something. ~ [utkat] SkI '\3('Cfic adj arduous, hard, tough. 2 furious, fierce. 3 strong. 4 beyond propriety. 5 inebriated, intoxicated. 6 vain. ~ [utkara~], ~ [utkarakh] SkI ~ n abundance, excess. 2 praise, applause. 3 superiority, prominence. 4 a king ofKashmir who succeeded Kalash to the throne. ~ [utkal] SkI ~ son of king Sudyuman who gave his own name to the country. See
~m. ~ [utkala], ~ [utka] See I1Sci'f6S i l1acl20l [utkatak] SkI n kar5da, a tree with
Utath drank up the entire ocean. Still Varun did not relent. When Varun's pond went dry and the entire universe became waterless, Varun sought refuge with Utath and restored Bhadra to him. The latter was highly pleased to have his wife back, and he alleviated all the troubles of Varun. There is a story in Mahabharat that Mamta was Utath's wife. While she was pregnant, Utath 's younger brother Vrihaspati, driven by lust, went to his sister-in-law and expressed his desire for sex with her. Mamta and her child in the womb warned him against the alleged sin. Vrihaspati cursed the child with blindness. Thus the child came to be called Dirghtama (literally great darkness). See
~.
n birth, production. "tIsu prabh te sagli utpatI."-sukhmcmi. 2 creation ofthe universe. "utpatI parlau apI nIrala."-maru solhe m 1. hard thorns, from the fruit of which pickle is ~~ ~ [utpatI parlau] See ~31.if3" 2. made. See ~~. 2 the phenomena of the original creation and ~ [utkatha] SkI \3,Cfi 0 6d1 n intense desire. final annihilation of the universe. "utpatI "bIhbal hv utkatha bhuri."-NP. I1sclfOd' [utkathIta] SkI \3,CfifU6dl n in poetry, parlau sabde hov."-majh am 3. a heroine who, not finding her lover at the ~ [utpal] SkI \W!R n blue lotus. 2 a lotus appointed spot in time, thinks about possible flower. reasons for his not coming. She is also called ~ [utpal-locan] adj lotus-eyed, having very beautiful eyes. "avIlokat bhe utpal Utkala and Utka. locan."-NP. ~ [utkrI~t] SkI ~ adj superb, grand. ~ [utpatan] SkI "\3C'IITc.., n digging, 2 superior, best. excavating, dismantling, uprooting. ~d'i~ [utk~epaD], ~oiflf<!" [utkhepaD] SkI "\3""f~ v to throw upward. 2 to steal. 3 n a lid. ~ [utpat] SkI \RI1Rf n tumult, calamity. 2 disturbance. 3 the act offalling over, rushing 4 a winnowing tray. 5 a fan. upon. ~ [utatth] Skl'\3"(1"Uf n son of Angira, born of Shradha, married to Bhadra, daughter of ~ [utpatI], ~ [utpati] SkI ~ n Som. Varun, the god, got enamoured of birth, genesis. "braham bfdu te sabh utpati." -gau kabir. 2 SkI ~~ adj trouble maker, Bhadra and abducted her from Utath's hut. Utath sent Narad to bring her back, but rioter. Varun refused to hand her over. In wrath, ~ [utpadak] Sk/~ adjwho produces.
~ [utpatI] Sk/~
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2 n father, begetter. 3 a mythical animal named Sharabh, having four feet on the back and four at the chest. See ~r. tt~ [utpadan] ~;:r n the process of creation or production. ~o [utpan] Skt~;:r adj produced or created, born. ~iii(1" [utpre~a] Skt~ n the act ofdecoding similarity. 2 a figure of speech in a literary composition that involves comparison of two distinct objects to be compared" "an bat ko an me jahf sabhavan hOI."-$IVraj bhu$cw. Example: kop bhai bar caQI maha bahu juddh karyo ran me bal dhari, lekE knpan maha balvan pacarke subh ke upar jhari, sar s6 sar ki dhar baji jhankar uthi tIh te cIngari, manhu bhadav mas ki ren lase patbijan ki camcarL-cac;li 1. (b) If such words as "goya" and "mano" are not employed, then gamyotprek:;;a or guptotprek:;;a comes into being. Example: Ikk vaQQhe teg1 tarphan mad pite lotan bavle. -cac;li 3. 'as if drunkards were rolling.' ~ [utprek:;;opma] See ~ (e). ~l:ffiT [utprekhya] See ~~'. ~ [utbhIj], ~ [utbhuj] a gdlt:1.Ik metre in Dasam Granth also called utbhuj, ardh bhujag, somraji and :;;akhnarL It has four lines, each line being organised as ISS, ISS. Example: hahasa kapala. subhasa chItala. prabhasa juala. anasa karala.-kalki. 2 Skt ~ n terri genus or abiogenic matter including min1erals and vegetation. "jal bIn
utbhuj kam nahL"-asa m 1. "aQaj jeraj setaj kini. utbhuj khanI bahur racdini."-c.Jp~i. 3 Skt~-:fif one who extends his own arm or grips another's arm to render help; a helper. "utbhuj calatu a p kan cine ape tatu pachane."-ram m 1. "utbhuj sarup abIgat abhag."-gyan. ~ [utam], tt'a:tr [ut;mm] See tt"3H. "utam sat bhale sajog:i."-dh~.na m 5. "utamu ehu bicar he."-var asa. ~ [utar] See ~f~r and ~3Q. tt~ [utrasI] will go across. "ram nam ki gatI nahi jani kEs~ utarsI para."-maru k~bir. ~ [utral).], tt:3~ [utarl).a], ~ [utarna] Skt ~ v to reach across. 2 to come down from above, descend. 3 to take birth, assume another form. "ghan guru ramdas bhagat utarI ayau."--savEye m 5. 4 to cease; to disappear. "utaI' ga:w mere man ka sasa." -sar m 5. "laga rag apar ko na utaraL"-s;wa m5. ~ [utrau] n the idea of coming down. 2 a slope. ~ [utan] nortlhwards. "utan dakhanI pUbI des pascamI jasu bhakhah."-s~vEye m 3. 2 having descended. "teu utan par pare."
-dh~na k~bir.
~ [utri] will descend. "dhIaIdIa tG. prabhu
mIlu, nanak utri cft."-var guj 2 m 5. 2 descended. 3 (you) should descend. tt~ [utria] adj (one) who takes across; deliverer. "bhesagar sat par utria."-g~um 5. 2 descender. ~ [utaru] See '~. "ape akhe ape samjhe tIS kIa utaru dije?"-sIdh gOS~tI. ~ [utlana] v to get excited, hurry. 2 adj excited. ~ [utlat] excited, eager. 2 adv in haste, with eagerness."sun $or jat utlat dhaI."-GPs. ~ [utvat] Skt~RfCICf n a whirlpool, an eddy.
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2 flatulence, the bloating of the abdomen.

~ [utvata] adj excited, bewildered,
baffled. 2 overwhelmed by bafflement. "phuhI utvatae."-asa a ill 3. See~. ~[utavallnhaste,promptness.2cleverness, ~ [utaul], ~ [utaIl] n excitement, smartness. . eagerness. "nIktE tIh jan utaIl."-knsall. ~ [utavla] adjeager, quick. 2 smart, agile. ~ [utai] n a picture, portrait. "manhu utai 3 nervous, agitated. 4 adv quickly, bhaI."-NP 'portrait of admiration indeed.' immediately. "sac tIkE ghan aI sabadI ft3'tJ [utah], ft3'fu [utahI] adj excessive. utavla."-asa a ill 1. "ghatE na vadhE utahI."-oakar. 2 above. ft~ [utavli] n haste, promptness. 2 adj 3 upward; S from above. likely to vanish in a minute. "jEse bhadau ~ [utak] See fu3'ror and ~. khumbraju tu tIS te khari utavli."-basat ~ [utanpad] See ~~. ravrdas. ~ [utar] n a copy, duplicate. "utar khase ~ [utI] adv in that direction, that way. "ut dastkhat ka."-akal. 'copy of a specific te utI pekhE."-dhana ill 5. signature.' 2 a used dress that is not worn any ~lutu] pron that. "utu bhukhE khaI caliahI more. "amir da utar garib da, sIgar." 3 Skt dukh."-sodaru. ~from that hunger.' 3JCIClT( a prophet, birth, incarnation. 4 an ~ [ute], ~ [utE] adv on that side, in that incarnation of a god iii some other form. direction. 5 See ~. ~ [utas] See~. 2 Skt~?;r:r an ornament. ~'3"e" ~ [utar carau] cpd n a discussion, 3 a jewel in the crown. rebuttal. 2 a talk of profit or loss. "ev utar ~ [utak] See ~"3or. carausunae.jaMgirkomanbharmae."-GPs. ~. [utag] Skt ~ adj very high. "utagi ~~ [utarl).a], ~"3"Q('jT [utarna] v to bring pEOhari."-sava ill 1. '0 with such high down from above. 2 to cross over. See~. expectations.' See ~. ~ 'ij!l:fC!T [utar rakkhl).a] v to drop from . ~ [uttam] Skt ~ adjthe best, superb. 2 n memory. See ~ ~. 2 to look down upon, elder step-brother of Dhruv. See ~. insult. 3 to bring down. ~ [uttamtaJ, ~3H3'TE't [uttamtai] n ~ [utara] See ~. 2 n a copy, duplicate. superiority, superbness, virtue. "us ne gurubal).i da $uddh utara kita hE."-prov. ~ [uttma] Skt \I"fl11T n a heroine in poetry, 3 In Tantra, the act that is undertaken to get who does not get angry even after seeing or hearing about her husband's faults. 2 a female rid of some trouble hovering over a person's messenger who softens the disagreement head. To avert it, a piece of bread is waved over the head of the sick person and thrown to between the lover and the beloved with her birds and animals for eating. 4 an assault, sweet talk and impels them to love each other. invasion. "taM ap kino husmi utara."-VN. 3 adjvirtuous (woman). 5 a cloister, place for having rest. 6 an act of ~ [uttar] Skt"3m n the northern direction. deliverance. "par utara hOI;"-dhana ill 1. 2 an answer. 3 the next world. 4 son of King ~ [utarIanu] he went across. "bhaujalu Vi rat who was the maternal uncle ofParikshit. pan utananu."-sor a ill 3. 5 a literary figure ofmeaning and speech. See
[utal] n haste, promptness. "kalu ne utaI lin ak hIt nal."-NP 2 Skt ~ adj good. 3 fast. 4 a lot, more. 5 terrible, scary.
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2 the act of abetment. and ~~. 6 other side. 7 adj rear. ~":fa" [utt~k] Skt~ a sage who was the 8 front. disciple ofVed Muni, See tjq. "a$ram taM ~"3Q 1./ii{ [uttar pak$], ~3Q ifcf [uttar pakkh] ut~k muni ko."--GPS.2 a diciple of sage Skt ~ l"j1;1 n a counter argumeilt, rejoinder. Gautam. 2 an answer to a legal complaint, counter measure. ~ [utrayaD] See ~~RJTGl"<!'. ~ HbfiRr [uttar mimasa] n a final view, ~ [uthkan] v be adjourned, be tired. 2 to lift, to raise to an upright position. 3 to make philosophy as opposed to ritualism; spiritual one rebound or jump. "raDhr tur~g uthakk knowledge, Vedant. hE."~paras. "baj:[ uthakki~"-suraj 4 to cover; ~ [uttra] Skt~ n daughter ofknng Virat, to put the lid on. wife ofAbhimanyu, son ofArjun and mother of Parikshit. 2 the northern din~ction. "uttra ~ [uthat] See~[fu3. or srdhai."-c<~ntr259. ~ [uthpanJ See ~WLlo. ~ [uttrakMq] Skt \3t1 {IZCl'S n the northern ~ fut:rtr [uthap In thapJ See ~ and fut:rtr. region of India close to the Himalayas. ~ [uthalnaJ v to turn over. 2 to turn up ~3aili:laidl [uttradhrkari] Skt "J""tI~~ n a and down or upside down. "agr ju avat ta successor. uthlavat. "--GP S. ~ailii<! [uttrayaD] Skt \3t1 UQOI n that half of ~ 1.f'a'H [uthal pathal} n the state of being topsy turvy. "uthal pathal kardin."-GPs. the year when the sun moves towards the north. See }){Wi'. ~ [uthan] Skt ~ n the act of standing ~3aiaQ [uttrardh] Skt~ n the: second half. up. 2 an exertion. 3 a b{~ginning. 4 progress. 2 the last half of a book. 5 See ~'). ~ [uttaJ Skt-::Jtl~ adjnext. 2 n a commentary, ~ [uthanka] Skt~m n an introduction, explication. 3 the upper part. 4 a mantle, shawl. a preface, prologue. 2. a book written by some ~ [uttanpad] Skt \3t1I'1QIG n son of Manu scholar in the name of the Sikh Guru in which and Shatrupa, whose wife Suniti gave birth reason for and context of the formation of to four sons, Dhmv, Kirtiman, Ayushman and many words is given. Vasu. His second wife Suruchi gave birth to ~ [uthapan] Skt~:rr:r-l v to obliterate, Uttam.. See q~ 8. delete. "khrn mahl thapr uthapanhara." f;r3 1'i'; l iI<!i [uttavacDa] v to che(:k accounts: -majh m'5. "khrn maIn thapr uthapda." 2 to foretell. 3 to find the details. 4 to -var jEt. 2 to raise, erect. 3 re-establish. anticipate the fi.lture. ~ [uthara] S~:r~ or~~ vl.~ a nightmare; a disease caused by heaviness in the stomach ~ [uttrst] Skt~ (impemtive) stand up. 2 standing. "uttrst deVI puj~t jaI."-paras. and weakness of the brain. While asleep, the ~ [uttiraD] Skt"J"ffiuf adjsuccessful. patient fee:ls pressure on his chest as if some 2 swum across. 3 passed the test. 4 got free. load were laid or someone were pressing him. '3;:Ior [uttejak] Skt~ adjwhat stimulates, It causes a breathing-trouble, fear and the patient starts talking, crying and making a or elevates. 2 n a magnifying glass, a prec:ious stone that causes fire. noise in distress. As an antidote for this disease, ~ [uttejan] Skt~ n exciting, stimulating. the patient is given a pwrgative and medicine
~:fll'3Q
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for strengthening the heart and the digestion. Besides standard medicines, the administration of goat or cow milk, lump sugar, almond, cardamom, black pepper, myrobalan, silver leaf, preserve of myrobalan and fruits, light food of vegetables and pulses, and the gravy of partridge meat is beneficial. Intoxicants, chillies, meat, jaggery, oily food, sex, fear, anger etc. are to be avoided. "re jan! utharE dabrohu sutra gai vrhaI."-var sor m 3. 'In the sleep of ignorance, worries pounce on one like a nightmare.' ~ [uthrt], ~ [uthrtt] Skt~ adjrisen. "bahur uthrt upar ko avr."-GPs. ~ [ud] Skt \3<\ vr to wet; to flow. 2 n water. 3 an iron-chain to tie the elephant. ~ [udau], ~ [udar] Skt \3G<T n the act of coming up, rising, manifestation. 2 progress, an increase. "satrguru mrlE ja bhagE ka udau hOI."-sri m 3. ~ [udak] Skt~ n water. "ram udakr tanu jalat bujhara."-gav kabir. 2 the ritual of offering water to the forefathers. See ~. ~ 'f!J [udak kGbh] Skt ~ n a pitcher of water. 2 water standing still in a pitcher. "jru pratibfb bfb kau mrIi hE udak kGbh brgrana."-asa kabir. 'Just as reflection of the sun merges into the pitcher's water when the water is disturbed, in the same manner after death, the body (like an image in the still water) disintegrates and the soul merges with the Great Soul.' 3 an ancient physician whose mention has appeared in several texts. ~ [udakl)a], ~ [udakna] v to startle with fear, take fright. "3cak udke sare."-GPs. 2 to jump, leap. 3 to tremble, stumble. ~~ [udakbhuk] adj (one) who lives on water alone. 2 n submarine fire. 3 lightning l)\Fa'Q?l'dIFo.' One whose fuel is water.
IThat which has water as fuel.
"tab kamles harakh hVE dyala, kahyo, sunhu sabh bhusur sala ! yasy ucar udakhbhuk, varitirath raj det phal cari." -GPS raSI 7 a 4, cad 36. The kind Brahma was pleased and said to the sages, The mantar whose recitation after rinsing of the mouth with the waters of the chief of pilgrimages, Amritsar, gets (you) four boons goes as : "oa amrrtodbhavay, amrrtrupay, tirathrajay, namonamh." ~t!"Crnlf [udkarakh] Skt ~ n plentitude, abundance; elaboration, expanse. "jab udkarakh kara kartara."-c.Jpai. See~. ~ [udakr] because of or with water. See
~~.
[udaku] water. See~. "ram udaku jrh jan pia."-maru kabir. ~ [udgata] Skt ~ n a brahman who recites hymns of Sam Ved in a sacrificial ritual. ~ [udgar] Skt~ n a belch, or eructation, or wind released from the stomach. Normal belching is not painful, but with phlegmatic or rheumatic cough when strength ofthe stomach decreases and the incidence and frequency of belching increases, it is a type of disease to avoid with the administration of digestive medicines, and restraint to be practised in eating. 2 vomiting, puke, cholera. 3 comfort. 4 pain. 5 effervescence, simmer. ~~ [udadh], tI-efu [udadhI] Skt ~ n a pitcher. 2 an ocean. "udadhr guru gahrr gabhir beatu harr ."-savEye m 4 ke. 3 a cloud. (lfQljd [uddhIsut] Skt ~ n the son of the sea; the moon. 2 a jewel. 3 ambrosia. 4 Dhanvantri (the physician god). 5 precious stones and substances formed in the ocean. ~ [udpan] Skt ~ n a well. "ghat sis dhara jallevan ko udpan jaha."-NP 2 an open well. 3 a small water bucket carried by a sadhu.
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[udbJ:gan] SkI ~ adj flustered, perplexed, nervous. "bEthi sare dIn udlJIgan bhai hE man."-GPs. ijefaW'i! [udbl:lav] See ;::w; f'ac?1~. ~ [udbeg] See ~. ~ [udbhat] SkI ~ adj strong, mighty. 2 famous, well-known. 3 superior. 4 a tortoise. S the sun. ~~ [udbhav] SkI ~'l1Cf n birth, cre:ation. 2 increase, progress. 3 universe; the creation of the world. ~ [udbhIj] See ~. ijefi'Jef'ile"j1 [udbhIdvIdya] SkI \3~ffi:~1 n botanical knowledge. ~ [udbhut] SkI ~ adj produced, born. 2 appeared. ~ [udam] See~. "udam karedIa jiu til." -var guj 2 m 5. ~ [udmat], ~ [udmad] SkI 'l~ n intoxication, ecstasy. "man mad cakhI bhae udmate."-maru m 5. 'got intoxicated with the wine of the wealth.' 2 k1 i L melancholia, a disease of brain, a severe form ofdepression bordering on !insanity. It is the result ofeating dry food, excessive drinking and copulation, loss of sleep, worry, anger and grief, but occasionally of stoppage of blood caused by piles, consuming ofraw mercury, head injury, financial loss, public disgrace and exc:ess of heat and dryness. A patient of melancholia talks too much and for gets manners, sometimes laughs then cries, does not respect anyom:, feels scared of people and avoids them. Women and children are less susceptible to this disease. Early detection and treatment by capable doctors can easily cure it; passage of time renders the cure difficult. To irritate and annoy a melancholic patient is not proper. On the contrary, he should be
~tmraro
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(1541-42 AD). He was cowardly and disgraced the name of his dynasty. His illustrious son Rana Pratap (who is considered the pride ofthe Rajput race) founded Udaypur and named it after his father. It is now the famous capital of Rajputana. See ~. 2 Mani Ram was the son of Mai Das of Alipur (district Multan). He was a Raj put who dedicated all his five sons Uday Singh, Ajab Singh, Ajaib Singh, Anak Singh and Vichitar Singh to the service of Guru Gobind Singh. The. tenth Guru baptised them on 1 Vaisakh Sammat 1756 when he founded the Khalsa and initiated them into Sikhism. Uday Singh once killed a tiger and presented its hide to the Guru,who put it on an ass that became fearless and roamed in the fields grazing freely because no one dared go near and check it. Once hearing the sound of donkeys braying, it joined them and went to the house of its master, the potter, and indulged in a boistorous horseplay along with the other donkeys. The potter, recognizing its real worth removed the tiger skin from its back and put a heavy load on it. Giving its analogy the Guru instructed his disciples by telling that those who, forsaking the Khalsa, reverted to their old caste system would meet thesame fate as met the said ass'. During the battle of Sammat 1758, Uday Singh severed the head of Raja Keshri Chand, stuck it on his spear and brought it to the Guru. When the Guru evacuated Anandpur, Uday Singh was with him and on W3Y to Chamkaur in Sammat 1761 he fought bravely against the enemy and attained martyrdom. "pahar ek bran paryo maha prabal Iksar. uday sigh jujhe tabf' satIguru saran vIcar."-guru $obha. His younger
brothers also died fighting in the battles fought for the cause of the country and the community. See ~ 3 Son of Bhai Lal Singh of the clan of Bhai Bhagtuand Rani Sahib Kaur and ruler of Kaithal under whose patronage the poet Bhai Santokh Singh wrote his 'Guru Pratap Surya'. Uday Singh died of paralysis on Phagun Sudi 14 Sammat 1879(5 March 1843 AD.) See H-3cr filur, ~ and ~. l1elllFdlFa [udaygIn] See ~ 4.2 a mountain. in district Jasgadh of Gwalior state. 3 a mountain in Nellor district of Madras. 4 a mountain in Travancore state. 5 a mountain in Ganjam district of Madras. 6 a mountain in Puri district of Orissa. ~ [udyan] Skt ~ n manifesting as does the rising sun. 2 See ~ 2. ~ y"6" [uday pur] See ~ filur 1. l1elll'tll'S [udyacal] See ~ 4. ~ [udClr] Skt ~ abdomen. "udn: karCl!!I apnE."-var ram 1. 2 a chest, breast. "Clbki sarupI sujanI sulakhni sahIje udan dhari." -asa kabir. 3 the stomach; that which digests. 4 an intestine. 5 a womb. 6 the inner side, interior. ~ [Odar] Skt ~ n a rat, mouse. See ~ ~t!"ij" ~~ [udar udak] water in the uterus surrounding the embryo. "jan-ni kere udar udak mahI piG kia das duara."-asa dhJna. ~ [udaran] n the enemy of the abdomen, a dagger.-sanama. ~ JfHoft [udar sajogi] n real brother, born to the same mother. 2 the earth which gives birth to plants. "udarsajogi dharti mata."-maru solhe m 1. 3 adj selfish, interested only in stuffing his own stomach. l1dlj'l'S' [udatjvala] n abdominal heat. 2 hunger. ~ ~ [udar rag] a disease of the stomach.
mur.
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rubbing on the skin before a bath to make the It is caused by decrease in digestion or decline body clean and fragrant. of the abdominal heat. It may be call1~d the father of countless diseases. There is no ~ [udvah] SkI ~ 11 the act of taking away. 2 taking the bride away from her disease which does not arise from diJorder in parental home; marriage, wedlock, marital the stomach. It may be caused by overeating union. or untimely eating, stoppage of urine, stools and perspiration, or eating while thirsty or ~~ [UdVIO], ~~~ [udvIau] v rose, drinking while hungry, eating too frequently, appeared. See 19~; and ~. See ~. ~ef~dl() [udvIgan] SkI ~ adj perplexed, constant worry or excessive fatigue. flustered. The patient suffers from flatulence, foul belching, foul smelling, farting, loss of ~ [udvegl SkI ~ 11 perplexity, perturbation. appetite or feeling of burning sensation in the "teg bahadur satIguru de satrun udveg." heart and heaviness in the forehead. -GPs. 2 vigorous excitement of the mind. Taking small quantities of castor oil and 3 passion. 4 aspiration. seeds of celetruss paniculata mixed with milk ~ [udasl SkI' ~ to sit aside, pass by. is beneficial for the patient. The powder of 2 SkI (lGm:fl;::r adj downcast, estranged, holarrhene antidy sentence, borax roasted apathetic. 3 callous. 4 a recluse. "ghar hi mahI udas. "--sri ill 3. 511 indifference asefoetida ash of conch shell in doses offour masas taken with the whey of cow's milk is asceticism, apathy. "gnasat mahI eft udas very effective" For a patient of this disease, ahakar."--asa Ill' 5. rice that ripens in 60 days, barley, green gram, ~ [udasi], ~;:!'Ffto [udasinl SkI '3,mfHdl 11 cow's milk and its whey, bitter gourd and non-attachment, asceticism. 2 hopelessness. gravy of meat from wild animals is beneficial. "us de mlCih uppal' udasi chai hoi hE."-prov. Another drug, Narayan Churan (powder), a 3 adj free from worldly attachment, ascetic. mixture of 28 ingredients, taken in doses of "gurubacani bahan ghan eko nanak bhaIa two to four masas, depending on the patient's udasi."-maru ill 1. 4 n a sect within the Sikh age, is very beneficial. community established by Guru Nanak Dev's Dropsy, lymph, windball etc. are also said elder son Baba Shri Chand. Baba Gurditta to be diseases ofthe stomach. Narayan Churan was his first disciple. The latter had four disciples: a) Balu Hasna. b) Almast. c) Phul is beneficial for them too. Shah and d) Gonda or Goind.! ~eaidlf(') [udrag;mI] abdominal heat. See These four dhuni's (literally small open ~ea~IM'. fires) alongwith the six blessed groups were ~ [udramayl n a disease of the stomach, known as dasnami udasi Sadhus. They are: or of the abdomen. ~ [udanl in the stomach or belly. 2 with (a) Suthreshahi blessed by Guru Hal' Rai. the chest. See 1~ 2.3 in the womb. (b) Sangatsahibie blessed by Guru Hal' Rai and Guru Gobind Singh. ~ [udvan] See~. "asabhau udVIau." -sc}vE'ye ill 5 ke. 'What is beyond birth has (c) Jitmallie blessed by Guru Gobind Singh. become manife:st.' '''balu hasna phul pun gooa aru almast. mukh udasi Ih bhae bahur6 sadhu samst.'''-GPS Qe~a3() [udvartan] Sk/~;::r 11 a paste for
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(d) Bakhatmallie blessed by Guru Gobind Singh. (e) Bhagatbhagvanie blessed by Guru Har Rai. (f) Mihanshahie blessed by Guru Teg Bahadur. 1 They wear a dress dyed in deep red colour and a black cord around the neck, carry a hollow gourd shell in the hand and put a high cap on the head. The saints of this sects earlier used to keep their hair and beard untrimmed and clean, but now most ofthem wear matted hair or are clean-shaven, with ashes rubbed on their bodies or wear ochre coloured garments. Guru Granth Sahib is their leading light. See ~ and ~. 1iNi!od i [udasinta] See ~ 1. ~ [udasu] See ~. ~ [udasera] adj apathetic, indifferent. 2 non-attached. "sf!)i bajE nlt udasera."-ram
m5.
[udahr<ll).] Skt ~ n an example, instance, illustration. ~ [udac<ll] ~-})ftR? See ~ 4. ~ [uddat] Skt~ n a syllable pronounced in high or loud tone. 2 a large musical instrument. 3 high tone. 4 a metaphoric expression in which the lover is glorified by lauding the things related to him. Example: dhan su vas, dhan su pIta, dhan so mata jInI j<ln j<ll).e.-bhc:r n, 4. dh<lny <lnadpur mg<lr hE j<lhf VIcre d<l$me$. dh<lny sfgh jo prem k<lr hajIr r<lhe h<lme$. 5 adjliberal, charitable. 6 high. 7 good, noble. 8 shining. ~ [udan] See 'l{'<!". ~ [udayudh] Skt ~u adj (one) who has taken up a weapon to strike. "aj<ln se t<ln ugr udayudh."-carrtr 1. See~. ~ [udar] Skt \3"m adj charitable, liberal.
'For full details about the names ofthese saints consult this book alphabetically.
1e i (Jaa
"udar ucIt darId haran."-savEye m 2. 2 grand, superb. 3 Skt ~. ~--ero. See ftJ vr a saw, grinder, destroyer. "sabh 10k sok<ludar."-akal. ~~ [udarta] n liberality, humaneness. 2 goodness, well being. 3 nobility. ~~ [udalak] Skt ~ n a sage, father of Shvetketu, his original name was Aruni but his guru Ayod Dhaumya renamed him Udalak. "ek udalak nkhI huto.,,_carItr 117. 2 a wild plant, whose seed is ground or roasted and then eaten. 3 a deciduous tree, cordia myza; its fruit. "hare m<ldhuk udal<lk h<lre."-GPs. ~ [udIaml] See ~ 4. ~ [udIan] Skt \31"Pf n a garden. "m<ln kacur kaIa udIanE."-gau amI. 2 a wilderness, jungle. "jatI n<l P<ltI n<l adro UdIanI bhr<lmfna."-var jEt. 3 river Swat and its adjoining country. 4 a stroll. 5 a resolve, determination. ~ ~ [udIan jal).aJ v to go out at the call of nature; to ease oneself; to defecate. "k<lr tUbi lek<lr tIS kala. jat huto udIan visala."-GP S. ~ [udIan<ld] n hilly woods. See ~ and E. "j<lha sr<lV<ln h<lrI k<ltha n<l suniE t<lh m<lhabh<lian UdIan<ld."-sar m 5. ~ [udIana] n forest dwelling, the third stage of man's life. "tir<lth V<lr<lt nem k<lrhI udIana."-maru solhe m 1. ~~ [udIanI] in the wilderness. See ~. ~ [udIani] adj a forest dweller. See ~. "sam pak <lp<lr<lS udIani."-bavan. tfua' [UdIt] Skt ~ adj manifest, apparent. 2 having risen. 3 Skt-::RRf adjready, prepared. ~ [udIm] See ~. ~ [udici] Skt ~ n northern direction. ~ [udipan] Skt 0tM~ n incitement,
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instigation. 2 awakening. 3 anything like musk and saffron etc., that arouses sexual desire. 4 in poetics, what enhances erotic pleasure. For example, the spring season, a cuckoo, a black bee, a garden, a female friend, etc. ~ [udirar:tl Skt ~-~ n an utterance, a description, talk. 2 Skt ~ adj perplexed, confused, agitated. ~ [udubar] Skt ~ n ~'->lfaQ higher than the sky; a very large tree; gullar; ficus glomerata. "braham udubar vltap samana." -NP 'GullaI' fruit has innumerable tiny organisms in it. Similarly God inheres countless creatures.' 2 copper. 3 weight equal to 80 rattis. 4 entrance, threshold. 5 a sect of ascetics who carry staff of gullar in their hands. 6 a type of leprosy in which the patient has boils of the size of gullar fruit bursting and oozing on his body. ~ [udull J,)~ n the act of separation; disobedience. "hukam udul apko kin."-GPs. ~ [ude] See ~!tif. ~ [udes] See ~. 2 adj appointed, established. "dIn holi ko karhl udes."-GPs. ~ fi:fur [ude sigh] See ~ fflur. ~ [udeg] short form of ~~dT a desire, longing. "pritl kar rIdE harkhavan udeg hi."-NP ~ [udedar] See 19c:Jee'd. "udedar VI dOl hari ke."-GPs. ~ [udE] See ~{jf. "UdE asatu ki man budhl nasi."-asa kabir. ~ ~ [UdE asatu], ~ >m;f [UdE ast] See ~~
>m;f.
~
fi:fur [UdE sigh] See ~ fflur. ~ [udosah] adf ~-~avid, courageous.

"udosahE kla nisani."-sava m 1.
~ [udosia] ~t!tir-'Jftn hegemony, eminence.
"udosia ghare hi vuthi."-sava m 1. ~ [udot] Skt ~~ n light, marvel: "bhavi
udot kan)a."-var jEt. 2 morning, dawn. "as at udot bh;na uthlcale."--maru a m 5. 3 adv resplendent, illuminated. ~ [udotak] Skt ~3Or adj resplendent. "lk jOtl udotak rupad s6."-GPS. 1ge9 [ud::>tu] Set~~. "ud::>tu bhalO puran bhavi ko."-mala m 5. ~ [udagal] n a fair, carnival. ~ [udaq] Skt ~3~ ad; fearless, not afraid of punishment. "uda<;l.e ama<;l.e praca<;l.e pramathe."-akal 2 (one) carrying a long staff. 3 furious, violent. 4 chief, head. "ar katkE palkha<;l.. parh ved matr uda<;l.."-gyan. ~ [udat] Skt~;:"Cf n the end of hard labour, result of hard work. "sukh sagar palO udat." -savEye m 4. 2 a decision. 3 an event; a narrative. 4 a topii4;; a context. 5 adj (one) who reaches a logical conclusion. 6 good, noble, virtuous. ~ [udabar] Sc,e WCRir. ~ [uddam] Skt ~ n an effort, attempt; hard work, exertion. ~ [uddami] aoU industrious, hardworking. ~ [udda] See (r'~. 2 n an authority. See~. 3 a jat of Harika who became a disciple of Guru Hargobind and rose: to be a scholar and warrior. He dispilayed great valour in the battle of Amritsar. ~~ [uddipan] See ~ltro. ~-e- [udde] a community of cultivators found mainly in Shahpur district. ~ [uddes] Skt-:j~w. (~-fu'f.n n an objective, purpose. 2 a reason, cause. 3 a desire, wish. ~~ [udde~y] Skt ~ adj desired,wanted, needed. 2 n an object that is kept in mind while making an observation; idol. ~ [udyan] See ~. ~ [udyog] Skt n an effort, industry, endeavour. "alas tyag karat udyog-hl ."-GPs. ~ [udyogil Skt~~rWfTr;:r, adj active, energetic,
-zmnr
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hardworking. [udyotak] See ~. ~ [udrek] Skt n an increase, progress. 2 a beginning, commencement. ~ [udhau] See~. "udhau akruru tnlocan nama."-savEye m 3. ~ [udhar] adv on that side. 2 See ~. "udhar deh adh kup te."-jEt m 5. 3 See~. "udhar cali tas6 hIt b:kE."-carrtr 214. ~ [udhra!).] Skt~ n upward movement, the act of rising. 2 the act of emancipation. "nanak udhraSI tISU jan ki dhun."-prabha m 5. 3 ~ v to take across. 4 to emancipate. "sat udhra!). daIala,,:"-var jet. "tirath udam satIguru kia sabh 10k udhra!). artha."-tukha chat m 4. ~ t:ra- [udhar dhare] sen liberated; set free. "sabadmatr te udhar dhare."-savye m 4 ke. ~ [udhran] See ~. !i1QdM d [udhranhara] adj (one) who liberates ' ' or emancipates. "dinanath pranpatI puran bhavjal udhranhara."-dev m 5.2 desirous of liberation. ~ [udhalna] v to take another husband; to elope with a lover without telling the husband. "kISU sag udhlani SOI."-GPs. See ~. ~ [udha!).] See ~'ll"<!". ~ [udhar] Skt~ n debt, loan; something borrowed with a promise to return. In Sanskrit "dhar" is another word for debt or loan. 2 salvation, emancipation. "tIsu guru baIIhari jIm sabh ka kia udhar."-guj m 5. ~ [udharan] n a ship, that one takes across. "kalIsamudr bhae rup pragat han nam udharan."-savye m 5 ke. 2 v to liberate; to take across. ~ [Odhali] See ft:rrffi. ~ [udherna] v to unstitch, peel or pare. 2 to open. (from Skt root~'l meaning to
~e:il3Cl(
unbind and wrap).

~ [udho], ~ [udh::>] See ~ and~. "udh::> akruru bIdaru gu!). gavE."~savye m 1.
~ [Odh] See ~""Q".
~"Q" [uddh] Skt 3>{1:A adj high, tall. "dnr darh
karal dYE set udhJ."- VN. "barvanal jval samudr ke maddhI vnajat uddha."-c~di 2. See {ftr3". ~ [uddhat] Skt ~ adj high, tall. 2 lifted raised. "uddhat staya ItE SIgh dhayo."-c~c;fi 2. 'The lion ran with its tail raised.' 3 furious. 4 mighty. 5 shrewd. 6 vain, arrogant. 7 n a royal champion. ~tW [uddhav] See ~. 2 Skt a fire during the oblational ceremony. 3 pleasure, joy. ~'ll"<!" [uddha!).] n a high place; sky. "rararake gIddha uddha!).a."-ramav. ~ [udhnt] Skt "3<\ adj raised, lifted. 2 redeemed, selected. 3 a text extracted from some book. fFi [un] pron plural of~. "un kE sag tu karti kel."-asa m 5.2 n See %. "haq.h!:: un kataIda pEdha lOrE patu."-sfarid. ~ [unae] See ffoa". 2 overcast (with clouds) "savan ko unae ghan ae."-krIsan. itoR [ums] A n recognition, acquaintance. 2 friendship. ~ [unsar], ~ [unsur] A ~ an element, ingredient See ~. ~ [unka] A ~ n a long necked imaginary bird which is supposed to remain always in the air. It neither lands on earth and nor is it to be seen by anyone. "unka ukaba carga simurga."-salah. ~ [OnatI] See ~ofu. ~3t [unnati] Skt ~ ~. twenty-nine. ~ [unmat], ~3" [unmatt] Skt \F11ff adj intoxicated, charmed, infatuated. "unmat kam maha bIkh bhuIE."-sri beI)i. 2 obsessed, unhinged, lunatic. See ~.
J1
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~
an ignoble path. 2 an awkward gait, bad custom. ~?il-flc;ro [unmilcm] Skt ~;:r n the act of opening the eye; opening the eye. 2 blooming, blossoming. ~ [unmiht] a literary figure ofmeaning in which distinction is posed between overtly similar qualities. "unmilrt sadrI$y te hetu bhed kachu man."-kavy prabhakar. Example: gahr:Q.e jyo jarpo$ de nahr sorn sakhE,I(Q tI(')}{(')'t. dhaule drssan chah duddh sad-hu gu:Q. gakhE, tru sadhu asadhu parakkhian kartut subhakhE. ~ '6ET [unman rath] See iJEr. -BG ~ [unmana] See ~. tIOJ-Ifo [unmanI] in a state of indifference :;: adj open. 3 blossomed, bloomed. towards the world. "unmanI rathu dharIa." ~ [unmul;:mJI Skt~~ vto uproot; to dig. -savEye m 4 ke. 'conscience imbued with ~oHl:f [unmekh] Skt ~ n a blink, wink. 2 time required jfl)r the eye to wink; an instant. spiritual knowledge.' See Q8" 4. ~ [unmani] Skt ~ n a posture in yog ijo-H [unrno] See ~ and BnioH:. in which eye lids are pulled upward and eyes ~ [unav] Skt '3"ffil adj enlarged, expanded. are concentrated on the tip of the nose. 2 state ~ [unavr] having swollen. "unavr ghan of spiritual knowledge attained by taking chae baras subhae."~tukl1a baramaha m I. breath to the sukhmana nerve. "unmani jotr ~ [unvaja] See ~. patatar dijE bn."-BGK. ~ [una] pran plural of ~R marked with ~7i'H't! [unmad] Skt ~ n a condition of inflexion" "una bhI avhI ohi sadu."-var asa. unstable mind. 2 indifferent behaviour, ecstasy, ~ [unanve] See ~~. drowsiness. 3 madness, tenacity. "kam krodh ~ [unab] A ",:",I:P n a kind of berry, blackish red in colour. Physicians of the Greek system mrt-hr unmad."-g5c;t m 5. See~. of medicine us,e: it in several medicines. Its ~ [unmadi] See ~. effect is cool, moist and it removes ~ [unman], ~ [unmanul Skt 3T'}(fR n constipation. It refines the tenor of voice, concentration, thought. "bac;lbhagi unmanIau purifies blood, removes cough, back-pain and rId sabad basayau."-savEye m 5 ke. "sadhr diseases of liver and is beneficial for ajgaru jInI kia unman."-savEye m 2 ke. 'one quenching thirst. 2 adj having a long nose. who has brought the evil snake under control with discretion.' 2 an estimate; a guess. ~ [unabi] aoV of the colour of blackish, red berry. 2 n bltackish red. "carankamal ki mauj ko kahr kEse unman." -s kabir. 3 a measure; a measurement. 4 Skt fffo [unr] adv they, to them. "unr cana:Q. oh sokhra."-asa m I. ~ weight. :5 a measure of32 seers (roughly 'Overtly similar. 30 kilograms) 6 price, value.
[unmad] Skt ~ n ecstasy, intoxication. "unmad cac;lha madan ras cakhIa."--ram kabir. 2 See ~r'f3". ~ [unmada] adj ecstatic, intoxicated. "jacch gadhrabi atI unmada."-carrtr 256. ~ [unman] Skt ~ adj greatly agitated or excited, with unsettled mind. "unman manua sunI samana."-gaukabir. 2 according to yog, one whose mind is indifferent to the world. "unman nam lagan."-prabha m 4. 3 Skt '3""FlC11r;'ff(, lofty mind, high thinking. "unman tatu kamahu."-var suhi m I. See
~ [unmarag] Skt ~ n the wrong way,
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;:p:f: salutation to the protecting God. "unImo bhagvat gusai." -ram m 5. ~ [unil See~. ~ [Oni] See ~ol ~ [unfda], ~ [unfdra] Skt ~ adj feeling lethargic because of sleep; sleepy. "hute Onide dYE nISI kere."-GPs. ~ [unaja] See ~. ~ [unhal] n summer time; the summer season. ~ [unn], ~'o [On] Skt 31UTf wool, fleece of sheep etc.-romavli. 2 spider's web. ~ [unnat], ~ [Onat] Skt ~ adj high. "unnat nase jotI prakase."-akal. 2 great, excellent. 3 sovereign; holding more riches. ~[unnatI], fP;fu [OnatI] Skt ~ n an increase, progress, growth. 2 height, eminence. ~o1 [unni], ~ [Oni] Skt ~. adj woollen. 2 ~ ~ nineteen. ~ [Oni vih] marginally different from the other. ~ [up] short form of~. "jagte:;;var up ur na sahicu."-NP 2 Skt prep It imparts the meaning of particularity or specificity to words to which it is prefixed as in ~, ~, ~. 3 profusion, abundance as in ~, ~. 4 deputyship as in ~, etc. ~ [upavtar] a secondary incarnation, inferior to the primary one. See~. "ab gano upavtar."-bre>ham. Ram, Krishan, Kalki etc. are primary avtars: Vyas, Prithu etc. are regarded as secondary ones. ~ [upfdr] Vaman Avtar. See~. "kotI fdr upfdr banae."-akal. ~ [upaia] adj producer, creator. 2 produced, made. "sabhI varan rup jiajat upaia."-bIla am 4. ~ [upas] See ~. ~ [upasath] See ~.
~ [unImo] Skt ~
~ [upasthIt] Skt~ adjsitting near,
present, ready at hand. ~ [upasthItI] Skt ~ n presence, attendance. ~ [up:;;am] Skt n tranquility; control over the organs of perception. 2 controlling sexual desire. 3 effort to eradicate disease. "tfh up:;;am ko karahu vIcari."-NP ~ [upsarag] Skt ~ n the process of
nrfu, nrrtr, })fQ, 1?ftf, >$.f, ~, 13, ~, ~, m, foR, f'r;Q, LfdT, ~, 11, yi3', fu etc. in the beginning of words for imparting special meanings to them. 2 a disease. 3 a disorder, disturbance. 4 had. 5 hindrance. fJt.mr [upsa] Skt~n work, task. "kI amItopsa hE."-japu. nffi.I3"-~. ~ [upsOd] See ~. ~trR''iJTij" [upsahar] Skt ~m n the act of pulling towards oneself. 2 a conclusion, immersion. "upkram upsahar jan CIt."-GPS. 'be absorbed in the Lord's creation.' See ~, ~. 3 principle, consequence. ~ [upasth] Skt adj sitting near, situated, close by. 2 n sex, gender. 3 pudendum. ~ [upasthIt], ~ [upasthItI] See
prefixing~,~,
~, ffi-f,
nw,
~and~.
Skt n a joke, jest. 2 laughter. "prIa bacan uphas kaho."-sar m 5. ~1.i'UTQ [uphar] Skt n the act of carryi ng something close. 2 a present, gift, offering. 3 worship. ~ [UphIt] Skt adj holding a title, titled. 2 assumed. 3 gifted. ~ [upkaraD] Skt n material; provisions. 2 means and material for making some object such as potter's wheel, string and staff or a writer's pen, inkpot etc. 3 things such as a king's whisk and canopy or ascetic's mat and water container. ~ [upkarta] Skt ~ adj a benefactor.
~ [uphas]
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2 helper. ~ [upkarna] v to go for aid; to render help. 2 to prove b{mevolent. "jIn karal)I guru VIsana, se na upkare ativar."-var vacj m 3. "jo tudhu upkarE dukh sukhasa."-g5d m 4. ~~ [upkar] Skt n help, aid. 2 an act of kindness, benefaction. "sar maha SImr,m satInamu, kar maha karbo upkar."-GPs. 3 conformity. 4 employment, service. S kindness. ~l.fcXTOl [upkari] Skt 'Zl:fCflTR;:r, ad} helpful. 2 benevolent, beneficent. "data tarvaru daIa phalu upkari jivat."-s kabir. J benign, benevolent. ~ [upkath], ~"Lrcffo [upkathI] Skt ~uo adv near, close. 2 on the bank, ashore. "nadi upkathI jEse ghar tarvaru."-mala am 1. ~ [upkram] Skt~ n beginning, origin. 2 a preface, preamble. 3 a sequence of the creation. See ~fH ~. ~ ~'U"a' [upkram upsahar] These two words coming together denote unity of the preamble and ultimate doctrine of a book. 2 a description of the world's creation from God and its ultimate r_eabsorption in Him. 3 the beginning and the end. ~ [upknt] Skt ~ one who has been obliged, beneficiary. See ~d". ~ [upkntI] Skt 'Z1i~~ n a favour, benefaction. 2 virtue, goodness. 3 aid, help. 4 kindness, benevolence. ~ [upgata], ~~ [upgatn] Skt ~'ill ad} getting close. 2 acquaintance, confidante. 3 (one) who helps. ~ [upcar] Skt n service. 2 an effort:. 3 a bribe. 4 a treatment, therapy. 5 a recitation of a mantar or spell and the procedure to do so. ~~. [upcarak] Skt ad} (one) who cure:s. 2 attendant. 3 one who actualizes a spell or mantar. 4 n a secondary word, which is not
primary. ~ [upcItra] See f3ffi51t. ~ [uP;}j] Skt n oriigin. 2 produce, product. See t'f1') Hfu ~r-m-. ~ [upajl).a], ~10 [upjan], ~ [upajna] Skt ~ v to be born, to take birth. "UpjE nIpjE nIpajJ: samai."-gau kabir. 2 to grow, germinate. :3 to take birth, have rebirth. "gurumukhJ: jia pran upj-hI."-prabha m 1. 'Impelled by Guru's teaching, mind and life are then reborn i.e. they assume higher form of living.' ~ fo1./H [upaj mpajl See ~ and f'otrtr. ~ [upja.- r ] See ~~l..fR. ~ [upjap] See~~. ~ [upajI] having been produced, having been born, having taken birth. ~ [upjIara] ad} born, produced. "jIS te upjIara tInI lia samai."-bIha chat m 5. ~ [upjivan] Skt n living, livelihood. 2 a means of subsistence. ~ [UpjivIka] Skt n Iliving, livelihood. 2 a means of subsistence. ~trR [UpjE] See ~"l.fi17). 2 makes progress, succeeds. 3 comes out the winner. "khoji UpjE badi bInsE."--mala m 1. 'The seeker wins, the disputant fails.' ~l.f [upjap 1, ~ftr [upjap I] Skt ~ n a recitation or repetition (of God's name) in a voice not audible to others, also called "upa:;;u jap." "upjap upaI na paiE kat-hu."-prabha m 4. 2 Skt ~ffi ad} proper, suitable, correct. "ram namI cItu rapE jaka. opjapI darsan kije taka."-gau a m 1. ~ [uptan], ~ [upattal).], ~ [up'attan] Skt \3('l:ffc:;:r v to tear; to saw. 2 to render worthless, uproot. "upatat bar."-datt. 'uproots hair.' ~ [uptha], ~ [upthi] ad} bent backward, turned face backward; that is, opposite or
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against. "l1ddan upathi je kan: sultana ghahu hartal, antimony, mica, red arsenic, and karaIda."-var asa. See ursr. khaprIya. "kahI dhatu sab updhatu ~ [uptapJ SkI n a burning sensation. bhano."-sdmudr mdthdn. 2 pain from sickness. 3 worry. 4 calamity. ~ [updhan] SkI n a head-rest; a pillow. 5 sickness caused by sun's heat. "baq updhan dharyo jfh pache."-GPs. 2 a mantar recited before laying the foundation ~ [uptIsat], ~ [UptI;;th] SkI ~ adjnearby, standing close. "nfdak avadh hOI of an altar. 3 love, affection. uptIsatte."-sahds m 5. 'standing nearby to ~ [upl1dt] SkI adj visible, apparent. "jan murder.' upnat suhag."-mdnu. 2 bent towards the front. 3 one who bows in order to seek protection; a ~ [updI;;a] SkI n mid-way between two refugee. directions such as southeast (agni kOD), northeast (i;;an kOD), southwest (nrrat kOD); ~ [upl1dyan] SkI n the ceremony of the sacred thread. See ~.1 2 the act of taking and northwest (vayvi kOD). See fuw. the pupil close to the preceptor. ~ [updes] SkI ~ (~-fuF.r) n teaching, advice. "ap kamau avra updes."-gdu m 5. ~ [upnam] SkI \3Q'1II1'1, n a second name given out of love; nickname. 2 a poet's 2 beneficial talk. 3 a religious preceptor's teaching. 4 a country within a country, province adopted name as Goya by Bhai Nand Lal. See 5I1-f. etc. "mer kete, kete dhu, updes."-jdpU. ~ [updesak] SkI ~ n a preceptor. 2 a ~ [upnI;;ad], ~ [upmkhad] SkI ~ n the actof sitting closeby to listen to guru, mentor. the preceptor's teachings. 2 a branch of Ved ~ [updesra] guru's teaching. "soi dasI Brahamans containing spiritual precepts. updesra."-suhi m 5 gU1;rvJti. See;r-. They are one hundred and seventy in number ~m [updesI] with or through teaching. but the main ones are ten: ishavasy, ken, "guru updesI kal SIU jun:."-bhEr kdbir. 'fights kathvalli, pra;;n, muqak, maquky, tturiy, death through Guru's teaching.' Etrey, chadogy, vrIhdarDyak. "kachu ~ [updesi], ~T [updesta] SkI ~CT n a teacher, preacher, preceptor. "gIani upnIkhad path mukh thana."-GPs. Some of the Upnishads were translated dhIani bahu updesi."-gdu kdbir. 2 guru. into Persian during the reign of emperor ~ [upadrah], ~ [upadrav] Skl~ n Akbar. Darashikoh also got fifty of them violence, turbulence, tumult. "mIte upadrah man te br."-asa m 5. 2 an uproar; a turmoil. translated in 1657 AD. 3 an uninhabited place, isolated spot. 4 religion. 3 a calamity, disaster. ~ [upadravi], ~'t [upadri] SkI ~ ~trfot;m [upnIyam] SkI n bye-laws framed under principal laws. For example, principal adj riotous, tumultuous. "dhuja phat basatr precepts of Sikhism are nam, dan and Isnan, su dhare upadri."-pards. ~ [updhatu] SkI n dross. 2 an alloy. 3 a and secondary principles or upnIyams are reading and recitation of the sacred texts, metallic or metal-like substance like katha and kirtan, gifting of food, clothing, antimony, blue vitriol, yellow arsenic, etc. some writers have put their number at seven 'Being a ritual of the moment when the novice is taken to adding to the above sOInamakkhi, bluevitriol, the preceptor for teaching, it carries this name.
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medicine and education, and maintenance of cleanliness of dothes, house, etc. ~ [upnit] SkI adj(one) who has undergone the ceremony ofthe sacred thread. 2 brought closeby. ~3T [upneta] SkI ~ 11 one who brings. 2 the priest who offers the sacred thread. ~ [upnetr] SkI 11 the second eye, education or knowledge. 2 spectacles. ~'l.fi'MTR" [upanyas] SkI 11 the act of keeping closeby. 2 an abdication. 3 a statement, narration. 4 an imaginary tale, a novel.5-.1:rust money. 6 thought. ~ [up-patI] SkI 11 the second husband, jar.' "patI mar2lt jIh lagi na bara. ka up-pan tIh agr bIcara?"-carItr 267. See ~<.'(fu-. "'uppatI khas\am karln ucaran."-GP S. ~ [up-pattI] Skl~ 11 an achievement. 2 a spiritual success. 3 the skin, method or reason for asceliaining a fact. ~l.ft/TOOl" [up-patak] 11 a sin of the second degree. For example, stealing is a sin of the first degree, while dealing with a thief is an uppatak. ~ [up-pati] SkI \3QQIRt;\adjwho has gatecrashed. 2 arrived suddenly. 3 caught in the trap. "tyo ab taptavhu up-pati."--GPs. ~~ [up-padan] 11 describing cogently, proving methodically. ~'6"<!" [up-pura))] minor Purans or books of Hindu mythology. They are 18 in number: usna, sanatkumar, ~ab, ShEV, kapIl, kaIIka, durvasa, devi, narsfgh, nardiy, n;}dIke~;var, para~ar, padm, bhaskar, mahe~var, maric, vayviy and varon, See ~.2
lIn Punjabi there is difference of meaning between yar and jar. The former means a friend and helper, but the latter is a person who cohabits with the other's wife. 2Names of Purans and Upp-purans differ in many books. See ~~, Chapter 17.
[upban] SkI ~ 11 a garden. [upbah] a marriage, wedding, See ~. "dVE upbah agari bhae."-GPs. ~ [upbhuktl, 1~~ [upbhugat] SkI ~ adj used, exploited. ~ [upbhog] 11 pleasure derived from using something. 2 the act of tasting or enjoying. ~ [upma], ~}-rT [upma] SkI ~-w 11 the act of judging equality; similarity. "kaun upma deu kavan baQai ?"-sar cMt ill 5. 2 a literary figure of speech in which upman and upmey being diff,~rent objects have a shared quality that calls for comparison. kanye jahf upmey ko bar upman saman, pun sadharan dharam dhar souupma jan. --alJkar sagar sudha. In order to understand this figure ofspeech, four terms i.e. upman, upmey, dharam and vacak should be thoroughly grasped: 'upman' is an object whose quality is compared with that ofanother, as for example the moon's brightness/beauty is compared with a face. 'upmey' is that object which is recipient of an attribute of some other object, as for example, the face that is imagined comparable to the moon. 'dharam' or 'sadharaI). dharam' is the common quality bi~ing compared. In the present example, the common quality or dharam is brightness ()r charm which is common to both the moon and the face. 'vacak' is an expression or a word pointing to the fact ofsimiillarity. For example in "locan amal kamaldal jEse." the word 'jEse' is a vacak. Other words such as tEsa, JID, tID, sam, so, sa, yatha, itatha, b, etc. are indicative of this similarity. The figure of speech in which all these four qualities are found goes by the name of pur))opma ali'lkar. In the above example, netr is upmey, kamal
~tn:JTU
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(petal of lotus) is upman with both having purity sIta kalakad madhu mIt?ri J amnt ne as a shared quality i.e. their dharam; and jEse is mana gurugIra me te madhurai lini hE. vacak here. 3 appreciation, eulogy. "bIn upma jagdis ki (b) If one or two terms comprising are bInsE na adhIara."-gau mI. absent, it is a case of a hidden comparison, ~ [upmata] SkI ~ n a foster-mother. 2 mother's female cousin, aunt, elder and the missing entity is called luptopma which means If a 'dharambodhak' word is brother's wife. 3 a portrayor, portraitist. 4 adj missing, it is a case ofdharamlupta; ifupman a eulogizer. is absent, it is a case ofupmanlupta; ifa vacak ~ [upman] See ~. 2 n a matnc metre is messing, it is a case of vacaklupta. of four lines, each having 23 matras the last (c) If an upamey has several upmans, it is two being guru, with pauses, at the thirteenth matra, and the tenth matra thereafter. It is also called a malopma alakar. called a nI$ani cad. Example: chir kESi chiravadhI chach kEsi chatraner Example: bhali suhavi chapri, jamhI gun gae, chapakar kESi chabI kalfdi ke kul ke, kIt-hi kam na dhaulhar, jItu han vIsrae. hasni si siharum, hira si husmabad -suhi m 5. gaga ki si dhar cali sat:') sIdhu rulke, para si palaugaQh, rupa kESi rampur (b) Another form of this matra has four lines each having 23 matras, ending in sagan, t?0ra si suragabad nike rahi jhulke, that is liS with pauses at the 13 th matra and 10 capa si caderikot, cadni si cadagaf kirti tIhari rahi malti si phulke-akal. matra thereafter in each line. Example: (d) If upmeya and upman are described akkhi bajh-hu vekhl)a, VII) kana sunl)a, consecutively in the altered order, it is a case pEra bajh-hu cal1J::ta, VII) hattha karl)a, of rasnopma. jibhE bajh-hu boll)a, IU jivat marl)a, Example: nanak hukam pachal)kE, tau khasmE mIIl)a. kEsi raVI rasamI ghata pE hE tahII sIgh? -var majh m 2. jEsi nilmanIn ki avli pahar hE, ~triiur [upmanopmey] or ~ kESi nilmanIn ki avli sabaj sEl? [upmeyoman] n a figure of speech in which jEsi bnjkOjan me jamuna ki dhar hE, upman is described as upmey and vice versa. kEsi bnjkOjan me jamuna ki dhar dekhi? "jaha paraspar hot hE upmeyo upman, bhu$al) jEsi bijuri ki $an panap apar hE, upmeyopma UihI bakhanat jan."-~Ivraj kESi bijuri ki t?an panap apar dekhi? jEsi t?ri gobid sIgh teri talvar hE. bllU~al). Example: -alJkar sagar sudha. (e) Imagining the possiblity of the quality dat?met? ki knpan bhasE bijuri saman, bIjli camak dekhi $ri guru knpan si. of one thing in several other objects is a case ~lif [upmey] See~. of utprekt?opma to the fore. ~ [upmeyopma] See ~ . Example: ~ [upyukt] SkI adjsuitable, proper, correct. tal kup phale dram megh ja pun t me 2 connected, related. mana guru nanak ki namrata basat hE, ...
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~ [upyog] Skt n a relation" connection.
~
2 a job, business; 3 a motive, purpose. 4 competence, talent. ~ [upyogi] Skt ~m;:r,. adj helpful. 2 assistant, helper. 3 suitable. ~ [upar] Skt \3"'1ft adv on, over, upon, See
~trfu. ~ [uprauna] n a garment for the head; a
[upram] SkI n renunciation, detachment. 2 rest, repose. 3 adj averse, indifferent. ~ [uprala], '~' [upralo] n an effort; labour. 2 help. ;3, a favour. "path uprala kin hamara."--GPs. "ab hamro upralo kijE."-guru
~obha.
[upan] adv on, upon, See~. "uparI aI bEthe kuparu."-var asa. 2 according to, in accordance with. "karma uparI nIbrE." dupatta. "upa!' pit dhare uprauna."-krTsan. 2 a towel, wash cloth. -gau m I. 3 puissant, preponderant. "pure ~ [uparj;:m] SkI ~TfT\if;:r n producing, guru ka bacal1 uparI aIa."-gau val' I m 4. creating. "nanak apan rup apI hi uparja." ~ [upria] n a measure; an effort. 2 a treatment., remedy. "an:ck upria."-bIla m 5. -sukhmani. 'sdf created.' "kadac karUl:la na uparjate."-sahas m 5. 'Little kindness doesn't 3 adj rootless, uprooted, pulled out. 4 extirpator. grow.' 2 earning. 3 collecting, gathering. ~ [upre] adv upward. "mukhu talE pEr ~ [upr<lt] Skt adj detached from worldly upre."-var jEt. cares, dejected. "upr<lt m;:mua VI$<lY te." ~ [uprer] advexcessively upward, towards -GPs. 2 dead. the higher side. "uprerE caha."-BG ~ [upr<ltan] Skt ~ n a jewel of the ~ [uprok<lt] adj said above, mentioned second order, inferior jew1els such as above. carnelian, crystal, crystallized quartz, mother ~ [uprodh] Skt n a hindrance, an of pearl etc. obstruction. ~ [upratI] SkI n dejection, detachment, ~~ [uprodhak] Skt adj a hinderer. 2 an alienation. "jo upratI hOVE sasari."-NP 2 death. obstructionist. ~ [upama] See~. "dhoti ek uparna ~ [uprodha] n a purohIt, a family-priest pan."-GPs. of the Brahmin caste who guides the ~ [upram] Skt n detachment, dejection, performance of all ceremonies and warns sadness, apathy. against wrong doings. ~ [uprag] SkI n colour, caste. 2 the process ~ [upr:ma] See ~~. of dyeing or colouring. 3 the reflection of ~ [uprat] See ~r. colour. ~ [upal] Skt n a stone. 2 a hail stone. 3 a cloud. 4 sand. 5 forest dung. 6 See ~. ~ [upraj] Skt n a ruler's deputy; a viceroy. 2See~. ~~ [uplak$J:t], ~~ [uplakhIt] SkI ~ [uprajan] Skt~ v to dye; to draw, ~1j('f~Tcf adj already known. 2 inferred. to paint. 2 Skt ~ to produce. "tum sabh 3 known, explicated. ko upraj-hi tumhi lehu ubar."-sanama. 3 to ~ [uplakkhaD], ~~5<!' [uplacchaD] Skt accumulate, collect. "sukh uprajE maddh "3'J('fe:ruT n an indicator or sign to underline the ura."-akal. "gyan rIde uprajat hE."-GPS. significance of an object. 2 the quality of a word which dim)rs from its literal meaning. ~ [uprat] SkI ~ adv subsequently; following this. For example, to protect the field from the deer
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means that the field is to be protected from the other stray cattle too. ~~ [uplabadh] Skt ~u adj available, found. 2 known. ~ [uplabadhI] Skt ~ n the act of searching, power offinding. 2 an achievement. 3 intelligence, knowledge. ~ [upvas] Skt n a fast; missing a meal; observing a fast. ~ [upvah] a marriage, See ~. "kino upvah abhIram y5 jE ram."-NP ~ [upvit] Skt n a thread worn by extending the right hand; a sacred thread. See ~~. ~ [upve$<m] Skt (~-f~'7'f) n the act of sitting; being situated. ~ [upved] Skt n a Ved of the second order. Four upveds of the Hindus are. (I) Ayurved on medical science. (2) Gandharv Ved containing musicology. (3) Dhanur Ved about weapons including bows. (4) Sthapaty Ved on architecture. ~ [uparna] vto arrive; to reach; to approach. ~ [upau] Skt \3llTl:[ n an effort, a means. "kachu upau mukatI ka kar re."-gau m 9. 2 a device, plan. 3 the act of coming close. 4 a treatment, effort to cure a disease. ~ [upauDa] v to produce; to create. tp.rfu [upaI] See~ and~. "upaI kItE nd labhai."-g.:m m 4. 2 having produced or created. "sabhu upaI ape vekhE."-sri m 3. ~ [upaIa] n an effort; a means. "e sa jan! kachu kah-hu upaIa."-bavan. "trItie mata kIChu karau upaIa."-asa m 5. 2 produced, created. ~o [upaIn] offering. See ~. fJtrFr [upas] Skt~ to sit near. 2 n the act of sitting c1oseby; worship, adoration, service. "man, carnarbfd upas."-guj m 5.3 See~. ~ [upasak], ~ [upaskiJ Skt \3'1TB91 adj (one) who sits c1oseby, a servant. 2 a worshipper.
3 a devotee. ~ [upasan], ~ [upasna] Skt n the act of sitting near. 2 rendering service, waiting upon. 3 devotion. 4 worship. ~ [upasI] having worshipped. 2 will produce. 3 See ~. ~ tJ1,( [upa$u jap] Skt n a recitation or repetition in low voice so as to be inaudible to those sitting at a distance. ~ [upasy] Skt adj (one) sitting near whom is proper; fit to be served. 2 worshippable. ~ [upaha] adj produced, created. "jInhI upaha, tInhI bInaha."-asa m 5. ~ [upakhyan] Skt ~l.f-fTl::fJrT?i n an ancient or antique tale; history. 2 a story connected with an antique tale. ~ [upag] See ~. ~ [upajan] See ~. ~ [upatan] SkI ~c;:r v to dig up; to dismantle. 2 to saw; to split. fttpo [upat], ~ [upatI], ~ [upati] Skt ~. birth, creation. "anIk parlau anIk upatI."-sar a m 5. 2 produced, created. "apI SrISatI upati."-var majh I. ~ [upadan] Skt ~l.f-~ acquisition, adoption. 2 spiritual knowledge. 3 an achievement. 4 prevalence of senses in their respective fields. 5 a cause that changes into an action, as clay is changed into a pitcher or steel is transformed into a sword. "upadan Ih sabh jag keri. "-GPS. 'According to Vedant, maya is upadan of the world.' ~ [upadey] adj fit to be got or acquired. 2 fit to be known, knowable. 3 exquisite, superb. 4 n work. ~ [upadh] See ~. ~1.f"QTO [upadhan] a pillow, See ~1..fQTO. "as gadi Qas ruCIr fara$ par upadhan diragh dhardin."-GPs.
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~
[upadhI] Skt n a stratagem. 2 status, rank. 3 a title. 4 an indicator to bring to cognizance an object. It is different from the object as a pot that gives the idea of the firmament, though both are so different. 5 tumult, rowdyism. ~ [upadhi] See ~. ~ [upadhyay] Skt n a teacher; a guru to impart rei igious teaching; a priest etc. I ~ [upan] the foundation of a building.
2See~. ~'I.f'i'itJ' [up anah], ~ l.f'03' [ up ana t], ~ tf'7)(jf
~~.
[upanay], ~~ [upam:] Skt \3"1:rf'=r~-~'iC'l n shoes, xa a humble servant. "dharyo upanah guru ko cin."-GPs. "taje upanay nage paI." -GPs. "das upam: IEkar dhae."-GPs. f31m [upam] plural of ~. 2 n all created beings; mankind; the living multitude. "sabh gavat jet upam."-bera m 4. 3 Skt n-f')f adj farthest. 4 very far. ~ [upay] See M. ~ [upayau] adj produced, created. ~ [upayan] Skt n a present, an offering. 2 a meeting. ~ [upar] See ~. ~ [uparjan], ~l..flOR?iT [uparjana] Skt 5. ~ . v to draw, print. 2 to decorate, ~ [uparI] adv having split or torn apart. bedeck, adorn. "kotI uparjana tere ag."-bhEr "bhanrup nIksIa tham upap."-bhEr m 3. a m 5. 3 SkI ~1..fTtfo adding up, collection. 2 having pulled apart or uprooted. "phalgul).I an;}d uparjana."-majh baramaha. ~ [upari] See ~;. 4 creation. "sImrE sagal uparjana."-maru ~ [upfd], ~Ri [upIdr] Yaman. See~. "kai kotI upIdl: banay khapayo."-savEye 33. solhe m 5. "jet kin uparjana prabhu dan deI ~ [upek:?a], 1~ [upekhyal Skt~ n datar."-mali m 5. ~ [uparal).], ~ [uparna] Skt \3C'C!lC'l to renunciation. 2 apathy, indifference, dejection. 3 disrespect, scorn. "mEtri karul).a uproot, dismantle. "mul vIkar upar."-GPs. 2 to tear apart, saw. 3 \3'1ll:UT n a crime, an dVE lakho mudrta tiji jan. catur 2 upekhya jIs bIkh sanmukh so pahIcan."-NP offence, a sin. 4 LfRUT the end of fasting. See lIt is wrItten in the third chapter ofShankh Simriti that one ~3"(!T [upetal).a] adjwithout shoes, barefoot. who teaches a celebate is a 'guru' and he who teal;hes for "pag upetal).a."--var asa.
monetary reward is a teacher. 'Fourth.
[upara] adj dug up, uprooted. 2 created, built, formed. "kai jat bInahI upara."-suhi m 5. "oakar te snsatI upara."-VN. ~tfTQ't [upari] ad; created, formed. "sabh SE dataru jetu upariE."-var guj2 m 5. 'gives gifts to all the created ones.' 2: dug up, dismantled. ~ [upalabh] Skt ~ n a complaint, blame, grievance. ~ [upav] measure. See~. "sabhnaupava SIrI upau hE harInam parapatI hOI."-var guj 1 m 3. "upav ChOQ.I gahu tIS ki ot."-gau m5. ~ [upaval).], 1~~ [upaval).u] vto produce, create. ~ [upavaI).uhar] adjproducer, creator. "ap upaval).uhar.. "-var guj 2 m 5. ~lRO [upavan] See ~~. "apI upavan." -bIla m 5. ~~ [upavi] with endeavour, with effort. "anIk upavi rogu na jaI."-sukhmani. ~ [upar] See~. ~ [up3lran] Skt~'l n the act of uprooting. "jar apni apI upari."-majh m 5. n sawing, splitting. "bahur jam na upara."-asa chat m
------------
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~~ [upedr] Skt ~ n Kashyap's son born ~ [ubat] Skt"\3iTIC n an irregular or rough
to Aditi; younger brother of Indar; Yaman Avtar. ~ti(T [upEya] See ~trEPw. ~i3" [upodghat] Skt \341'("1ld n a prologue, an introduction, a preface, brief description of things dealt with in the book. 2 different from a normal statement, description of a special object. ~ar [upag] Skt ~ n a part of a limb (a hand is a limb; a finger is an upag). 2 limblike, artificial limb. 3 a kind of musical instrument, nastarag. "jhalar tal mndag upag."-ca(ii 1. 4 Udho's father. ~o [upan], ~ [upana] Skt"\3"fqFf adj born, begotten. "ape apI upaI upana."-maru solhe m 3. "apI upanIa."-var ram 2 m 5. "cauthe pIan upani kheq.."-var majh m 1. ~!<tn? [uppal] a subcaste of Khatris. "gajjaI). uppal satIguru bhav."-BG ~ [uf] P ..ji partan exclamation of pain, grief or fatigue; ah, oh! hal alas! ~ [uphat;m] v to burst; to explode; to jump. "uphtat sroI).at chIcchya."-ca(ii 2. 'Drops of blood rebound.' ~ [uphaI).na] v to ferment. 2 to boil. ~ [uftad] P ;;;f the felled ones. See e~""i$-=r3r::::J'e!Ai'i. ~ [uftad] P JDi the felled one. See ~,*31i!(,). ijiil3 i (J [uftadah] P &JDi felled, humiliated. See
ij$3 i i!(').
path; an arduous valley. "ubat calate Ihu madu paIa."-keda k;:>bir. See ire'. ~ [ubatna] Skt~ a paste of oil seeds, sandalwood, sesame seeds, car5ji, etc., for massaging the body before bathing; it makes the body clean, soft and fragrant. ~ [ubtana] v to put on a wrong and rough path. 2 to turn back. 3 See ~. ~ [ubar] liberation, salvation, redemption.
See~and~. ~ [ubraI).], ~ [ubran] Skt ~ n the
[uftadan] P l;JJlil v to fall, collapse. 2 to be ruined. ~~ [uphanna] See ~G(!OT. "tej tale pay up;:myo jEsa."-GPS. ~ [uphan] n the process of boiling; boiling over. 2 an outburst. ~l:l'a' [ubak] A ...f" adj fat, plump. 2 smart, shrewd. "bajje ubakk."-ca(ii 2. 'Smart fighters clashed among themselves.' ~ [ubkai] n nausea, vomit.
ijiild i (')
act of coming up. 2 turning from bad to good condition; improving. 3 attaining liberation. "ubrat raja ram ki sarI).i."-g;:/U m 5. ~ [ubalna] v ~-<ffi(')' to boil. 2 to cook. "jIu ubli majithE rag gahgaha."-var g;:>u 1 m 3. 3 to gush forth. ~ [ubasi] n a yawn, gape. (Many people think that the root of this word is from Arabic u-'f which means a wrinkle or scowl on the brow). See ~. ~~ [ubahI).a] without shoes; barefoot. 2 without a carriage. ~ [ubac] See ~. ~ [ubarI).a], ~ [ubaran] Skt~. to raise, lift. 2 to liberate. 3 to save. "dfJpdi abar let ubariale."-mali namdev. "mE taki ot satah lehu ubaria."-g;:>u;:> m 5. 4 to boil. "kahI cakar s6 deg ubari."-GPS. ~ [ubananu] he saved. "apI ubananu."
-var guj 2 m 5.
[ubare xan] Abdul Rahiman Khan, a devotee of Guru Nanak Dev, who served the congregation at Kartarpur after imbibing the Guru's precept and was counted among the devout Sikhs. See Janamsakhi of Bhai Bala. ~ [ubalI).a], ~ [ubalna] vto boil, cook in boiling liquid. See ~.
~~ l:fT(')'
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[ubharl).a], ~ [ubharna] v to push up, lift. 2 to incite, instigate. 3 to promote to a higher rank. ~ [ubhe] Set: ~"gljf. "harakh sok ubhe darbar. "-gaLi d m I. 2 See ~. ~ilor. ~9 [ubh] adj standing. 2 adv above, upon. ~ [ubhesas], ~ [ubhesah] Sk/~ "pfdhi ubh kale sasara."-dl1ana namdev. See n sighs, gasps caused by contraction of lungs, ~ and flfdt. :, Skl-:J'f{ both of them. 4 Skl-:J'l"f., by sorrow or by excessiive phlegm. "muh kala vr to fill, complete. 5 S n sky. hoa adarI ubhesas."-var sor m 3. "nave dhaule ubhesah."-var majh m I. 2 sighs. ~ [ubhaI] See ~. ~ [ubhsuk] adja tree, that has dried before ~ [ubhE] See~~. it is cut; dead even when alive. "bharam suke ~ [umai] adjc~xuberant, enthusiastic. "man bahu iJbhsuk kahiahI."-kalI am 4. me ;:ltI hi um;:li."-krIs.::m. ~ [ubhkale] See~, ~ and flfdt. ~ [um;:lh], ~1fUT [umha] See ~. "sabh ~ [ubhay] SkI adv both. umhai dekhbe ko v;:ldhu lal kO."-GPs. ~ [ubhyatr] SkI advon both sides or places. ~ [umak] n keen desire, enthusiasm, fit of ecstasy. "m;:ln n;:l r;:lhE b;:lhu brdhI umkai." 2 in both the worlds, here and hereafter. ~~~ [ubhyalakar] n This figurative -sar m 5. 2 A ~;; depth, seriousness, gravity. expression, whether ornamental or semantic ~ [um;:lkna] See ~. is formed when two or more figurative ~ [umbo], ~:3" [umkrt] filled with expressions are found at one place, and is of zeal. See ~}ror. "umkro hio mrlan pr;:lbhu two kinds: SaSrI$tI and sakar. tar."-suhi m 5. "umkrt r;:lS cale."-mala (a) If a number of figurative expressions, parta1 m 5. even if merged, appear separate, then this is ~ [um;~g] See ~ and tIHar. ~ [umagl).a]l v to have longings, long for. an instance of sasrI$tr: 2 to jump. alakar rk thaI bahut jude jude lakh jahr, trl tadul ki ritr s6 sasrI$ti tahf. ~ [um;:lQnaJi v to long for. 2 to jump. 3 to -garabgjjni. rise. 4 to spread. 5 to surround. (b) but, if on merging, they do not appear ~ [um;:lt], ~Hf3" [um;:ltI] A .,;:..;f n a nation, separate, then it is a case of sakar: nationality. 2 a sect, following a particular religious belie;f and practice. "d;:lrI seVE pay pani ki ritr kar h6y parspar lin, tako sakar nam hE bhakhat par;:lm pr;:lbin. um;:ltr kh;:lri."--var ram 3. -katvy prabhakar. ~ [umdah], I~r [umda] A u ) adj good, ~ [ubhr;:ll).], ~~ [ubh;:lrl).a], ~~ excellent. 2 healthy, sound. 3 chosen.
He was appointed the subedar of Lahore province for some time in 1761 AD by Ahmed Shah Durani. [n fact he was the ruler of Kalanaur (Gurdaspur) under the aegis of Delhi, and was badly defeated by Raja Chatur Singh of Chamba, Raja Raj Singh of Guier, Raja Dhiraj Pal of Basoli and Raja Kripal Deo of Jammu. ~ [uberaI] n a sub-caste of Khatris. ~ 1:f'O tUbEd xan], ~ ilor tubEd beg] See
iIor [ubed beg]
....f.~
[ubarna] SkI -:Jfl-~ v to raise upward, get higher. 2 to burst forth into flame. 3 to swell, rise, spring up. ~ [ubha] a region ofMultan, Dera Gazi Khan and adjacent parts of Bahavalpur state. 2 See
~and ~~.
~
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4 beautiful.
~ [umna] Sec~. "ab jag jam ju umna
rahE."-gau bavan kabir. ~ [umar} A ) n age, life span. According to Charak Sanhita, age is a state of the union of body, senses, heart and soul. In the Veds, Manu writes that man's age in Satyug was 400 years but decreased by 100 years! in each Yug, and it has come down to 100 years 2 in Kalyug. In the Purans it is shown as thousands and lakhs of years. "jo jo vaJ1E e,lihra sou umar hath pavam."-s farid. See ~1-Rf ~ and
~.
~ J.IlU [umar :?ah] a jat masand (preacher
cum agent) of Sangha clan, resident ofDarauli village. He lovingly participated in the construction of the Harimandar under orders ofGuru Arjan Dev. He looked upon offerings and money as poison. His son Nand Chand became a revenue officer of Guru Gobind Singh.See ittft'. ~ CJEf tWfo [umar hath pavam] S sen Days of life are decreasing, as crops do during the harvesting. "jo jo vaJ1E e,lihra sou umar hath pavanI." It is an ironical statement as lengthening of Iife stands for dying and raising the flame for extinguishing it. ~ [umarkhatabl, ~ [umarkhItabl ":",u..;. l:f. / Caliph Umar son of Khattab was father of Hafsa, third wife of prophet
'vm ~ m~:
.23RmT: B"'f ~
(Rig Ved)
"-~~: I
<gCf ~ iiJlSIl"II!i\t<JRl1JTGW: l-maTIUSrmntr a 1, S 83.
In Shabadmala, it is written that man and elephant live for one hundred twenty years and five days. The horse, dog, donkey and camel, bullock and he-buffalo and he-goat live for two, twelve, twenty five, twenty four and sixteen years respectively. For an estimate of the age-span by modem thinkers, reference may be made to the entry on 'Longevity' in EncyclopaediaBritannica.
Muhammad. He was stabbed to death by Firoz, a slave, in 23 Hijri (644 AD) Under Caliph Umar, the Muslims conquered Egypt and north Africa, and he undertook boundless preaching of Islam. "kino umarkhItab jyo aj hamaro nyau."-carItr 38. Several tales ofUmar'sjustice arc current. In the book' Alfaruk' it is written that Caliph Umar had framed the rule that one who drank liquor be given 80 lashes. One day his own son Abu Shamah got drunk whereupon Umar himself lashed him so severely that he died. "umarkhItab adalti bEta marvaIa." -j{'ignama. 3 ~ [umarthal] SkI ~ tumour in the intestines, caused by incontinence in eating and drinking and the taking of intoxicating drugs which results in malfunctioning of the four humours of the body. Blood deteriorates and tumours are formed on internal organs. Swelling of tumours causes pain especially when this occurs in the stomach, nave, pelvis, liver, kidney, spleen, etc. There is an acute pain all the time and sleep is impossible to get. The best treatment for it is a surgical operation and the use of blood-cleansing and laxative medicines. Food should be light but invigorative. Juice ofharar (myrobalan) and suMjl).a is found beneficial. "jIna adan umarthal sei jal).anI sulia."-var gau 1 m 4. This means that as the patient knows the pain of this illness, so does the love-lorn lover know of the inner pang. ~ [umra], ~ [umrau], ~ [umraI], ~ [umray], ~ [ummv], ~ [umria],
3This composition of32 pauris is from the pen ofa devotee. It is also called "Var Guru Gobind Singh Ji." It carries a dialogue between princess Zebunisa and emperor Aurangzeb, and a description of the battle ofPanvate.
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[umre] A 1;"1 plural ofl?fl-flQ. "sah raje khan umrav sIkdar hahI."-var bIla m 4. 2 administrators and ministers. "umravhu age jhera."-sor m 5. "sultan khan maluk umre gae kan kan kuc."-sri am 1. 3 a sub caste of khatris. ~ [umal] adj ambitious, aspirant, inspired. "umallathe jodhe maru vajIa."-cJQi 3. ~ [uma] Skt n light, lustre, radiance. 2 Shiv's wife, Parvati. Kalidas has writtl~n in Kumarsambhav that Parvati's mother Menka asked her not to do penance, that is, ~ (intense penance) }IT (not to do) and for this reason she came to be known as uma. ~ [umasut] n Uma's (Parvati 's) son Ganesh. 2 Kartikey, an army conunander of the gods. ~ [umah], ~~ [umahra], ~ [umaha] n enthusiasm, excitement. 2 aspiration. 3 merry-making, gaiety. 4 festival. ~ [umatanay], ~ [umatat] son of Uma (Parvati), See~. ~ [umadhav], ~ [umanah], ~~ [umapatI] Skt husband of Uma, Shiv. "gotamnan umapatI suami. sisdharan sahas bhag garni."-jct ravdas. ' ...Indar got a thousand vulva- marks on his body.' See FfIHQdFc'l. ~ [umid], 1~ fumed] p ...~I n a hope, expectation. 2 trust. ~[umedvar]PJf,~; adj hopeful,expectant. ~ [umeda] n a servant of Ran Bular of Talwandi who served Guru Nanak Dev with great devotion. See q@ ~ yorr.r. ~ [umeria] rich people. See ~.~. "anIk umeria."-bIha m 5. ~ [umag] 11 exuberance, exultation. 2 a wave of happiness. "ek dIvas man bhai umag."-basJt ramanJd. ~ [umaq.] See ~ and ~fCIT. ~H3" [ummat] See ~. ~"m lummi] See fu-fl.
fur] Skt ~ n breast, bosom. "ur lag-hu pritam prabhu mere."-bIla m 5. "carankamal hndE ur dharhu."-gau m 5. 2 mind, heart. "dhano han ur che."-basJt m 4. 3 abdomen, stomach. "rohni ke ur bie dharyo hE."-krrsan. 'Balbhadar was put in Rohini's womb.' 4 Skt "Z\ vr to go, walk. ~ [ursa] 11 a round piece of stone for rubbing sandalwood on it. Priests have it in Hindu temples. SktF.fl(i"l.fT"e". "tera nam kari eanl).athia je man ursa hOL"-guj m 1. ~ [urkat] Ski ~ adj prepared, cooked, boiled. "Ikatu patan bhan urkat kurkat, Ikatu patan bharI pani."-asa kabir. 'In one pot the Tantrics put a cooked cock and in the other put liquor.. ' [urag] Skt n one that moves on its belly. 2 a snake, reptile. ~QOT ~ [urag nath] the king of snakes, Sheshnag. ~ [urgad], 19~ [urgan] SkI 11 the eater of snak~:s or le:nemy of snakes; blue jay. 2 a mongoose, peacock, stork, crane etc. are also eaters of snakes. ~ [urge1?] Skt n the king ofsnakes, Sheshnag. 2 Writing in the form of a riddle in Gur Vilas Bhai Sukha Singh has used 'nag' instead of 'nagraj' (cobra), 'gdjraj' (elephant) and 'hastnaj', a term also used for elephants. ~ [oreha] Se:e furGr. ~ [uraj] See ~~. 2 the month of Kattak. "oraj mas ki puranmasi."-NP See~. ~ [urajh] See~~. "jhajha urajh surajh nahi jana."-gau bavan kabir. ~ [urjhan], ~~ [urajhna] SkI 3T"l""l:R v to be entangled. 2 to be obstructed; to stop. "urajh rdhIO b:[khIa kE saga."-suhi a m 5. "urjhIo kandk kamIni ke ras."-todi m 9. 3 to get :involved in a dispute. ~ [ur2JjhI] having been entangled.
tIa
tear
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~Qt! [urad] See ~;re. "dal urad ki chamak
3tr. intense meditation. 2 meditation in standing
banai."-GPS.
~ Soro't [urda begni], ~ ilaft [urda begi]
T IJA n a uniformed and armed female to guard the harem; an amazon. During the Muslim rule, it was only through these female guards that petitions and messages could be sent inside the palace. See ~. (la~ [urdu] T wi n an army. 2 a cantonment. 3 a military market. 4 a mixed dialect of the armed camp or cantonment, which evolved during the reign ofKhilji kings from the intermixing of the Hindu and Muslim dialects when soldiers frequented the markets. It came to be called Urdu or 'la$kari', the language of cantonments. During the Mughal rule, especially that of Shah lahan, this language became very common. Its framework is Hindi but its vocabulary is rich in Persian, Arabic and Turkish words. The Persian script is used for writing it. Although it is understood throughout northern India but the United Provinces (of Agra and Oudh) constitute its special home. In fact, any mixed language can be given this name, but the Persianized language ofIndia is exclusively named Urdu. ~[uradh]Skt~ advupwards. "uradhmul jIsu sakh talaha, car bed jItu lage."I-guj am 1. 2 adj high, lofty. "garabh kuc;lal mahI uradh dhIani."-maru solhe m 1. See ~ ftmrto't. 3 standing, erect. 4 n the Creator who is the loftiest of all. ."ardh-hI uradh mIlIa sukh pava."-gau bavan kabir. 'Human beings attain peace when union with the Divine is consummated.' 5 adjupside down. "uradh pak IE sudha karE."-gau var satt kabir. 'Upside down lotus is the mind itself.' See~. ~ [uradhtap], ~ [uradhtap] Skt~
1~~~:'m"G~~~1
~"l:f<l:l"-qur\f.'r m<f~~~1 (BhagvatGita, 15-1)
Jf.
position. 3 meditation with arms raised upward. "kaIa sadhE uradhtap karE vIc-hu haumE na jar."-sri m 3. ~~ [uradhdhIani] adj one who concentrates on God above. See ~. (laQai~ [uradhbahu] See (]aQ~I~. (laQ1ao [urdharan] v to settle, have firm faith. "carankamal rId mahI urdharhu."-sukhmani. ~ [uraf] A ...J.A n plural of~ boundary marks 2 A...J/ adj well-known, famous. 3 equal. 4 n education, knowledge. ~ [urbasi] See ~. ~ [urbara] Skt-:rcW n fertile land. 2 irrigated land. "jImI urbara knSI chin."-aj. 'as irrigated land does not claim appreciation without cultivation.' (laadR<!1 [urbresl).i] the army of the king of the fertile land. 2 See 12d" ~. ~ [urbi] Skt \3Ccff n earth. "akas urbia jala." -gyan. ~ [urmac;lal).] Dg n the breast that adds grace to a woman's bosom. 2 an ornament, like a necklace, suspended over a woman's breast. ~'d'fi.r [uramIl, ~orft [urmi] a ripple, wave, breaker, surge. See t1orft. Books which are titled as 'sagar' or 'sar' (sea, tank) have their chapters metaphorically named urmi (waves). ~ [urla] adv of this side. 2 of this world. ~ [urvasi] Skt ~ n ~-})ff.{, something that overpowers the great; a desire, wish. 2 According to Rig Ved, a fairy in paradise, known as Urvashi because she was born from Narayan's thigh (uro). According to the Mahabharat, Mitar and Varun shed their semen on seeing Urvashi from which the sages, Agasti and Vashishth, were born. Once Urvashi annoyed these sages, who cursed her that she would take birth on earth and be the wife of king Pururva.
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The tale of Urvashi and lPururva is contained in 'Shatpath Brahman' and the poet Kalidas has narrated it beautifully in the play 'Vikramorvashi". In Padam Puran, Urvashi is described' as having been born from the thigh of Kamdev. "rabha urvasi Jr sad su madodri pE' E'si prabha kaki jag bie na kachu bhai."-krrscw. 21 In the Nirukt, lightning is also named Urvashi. ~ [urvar] th(~ nearer bank. 2 this world. "bIkhIa adarI pacImue na urvaru na par." -sri m 3. 3 the far bank, meaning the other world; hereafter. "IS tan dhan ki kavan va~lai? dharanI parE', urvan na jai."-gau kabir. ~ [urvarpar] this bank of the river and that. 2 this and the other world; here and hereafter. See ~~. ~ cl ~ [urvarpar ke dani] knowers of this as well as the next world, the saints. 2 Chitargupt, the mythological scribe of all human actions. "urvarpar ke dania! IIkhlehu alpatalu. mohI jamqaQu na lagai."-gau ravdas. ~ [urvan] advon this bank. 2 on that side; on the far bank. See ~. ~ [urvIj] n born from '~-a;tt (earth); vegetation, trees and grass.-sanama. ~ tro' fay [urvIj car npu] enemy of the grazing deer, the lion.-sanama. ~ [urvi] See ~~. ~ [ural n this or the near side. "para ura lakh IIyat paehanhu."-NP 2 this world. ~ [urahan], ~0'm)T [urahna], ~~ut [urahno] n a complaint, an expression of grievance. "kaluke kaj urahan ri sahJ:?" -krIsan. ~ [urabha] See~. "gnh ke log urabhe dehl."-earrtr 33. ~ [urar] bank, on this side, this side's end. 2 this world, See ~.
on the chc~st or breast, See~. "han ke earan hudE un: dhau."-gau m 5.2 in the heart. "han rakhr un dharI."-sri m 3. ~ [un!).], ~cs [urJ:l)at] Skt B?IlUT adj without debt on his head, free from debt. "uu!).at hoe bhar utare."-BG iIg [um],~' [uru] Skt~ nthigh. 2 adjbroad. 3 long, taIL 4 high. 5 large. (lgH [uruj] A 4:1'/ 1J' rise, progress. 2 ,j':t Khalil bin Ahmed of Mecca was a scholar and teacher of this branch of knowledge and was therefore nicknamed Uruz, just as prosody came to be called after the name of Pingal Rishi. ~ lure] adv near here, this side. 2 in this world. 3 farther away. ~ [ureb] P ~J' adjaslant, awry. 2 winding, zigzag. 3 crafty. ~ [uroj] 11 born from the breast; teat, bud. ~ lull A ~), sui precedes Arabic names as alquran, but in compound words it becomes ul as in. "hamesul salame."-japu. 'always safe and sound.' 2 Skt ,rc::r vr to burn, get bur,,:. ~ [ulas] T ~ii leftover food, leavings, provisions from the royal tables. "ulas pIalE' khari khumari."-BG ~ [ulsat], ~~r [ulsIt], ~ [ulhat] Skt ~ adjshining, bright. 2 happy, delighted. ~ [ulhana] See ~~ and ~. ~ [ulka] Skt ~~. n a ray of light. 2 a spark; a small smouldering piece of wood. 3 light of a shooting star or meteorite. See ~ 2. ~ [ulkapat] n falling of embers from the sky, shooting stars, meteorites, considered inauspicious in the Purans. "ulkapat hot akasa."-earrtr 405. See ~1?or' 3. ~ [ulga~~e] M v to conclude. 2 to stop. 3 to sweep. ,4 to scrub. ~ [uljhal).], ~~o [uljhan] See~. "jIU uljhaIo badh budhI ka martIa nahi
~ [un]
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bIsrani."-gau a m 5. See ~. 2 n a complication, an enigma, a circumlocution, an ambiguity. ~ [uljhera], ~ [uljhera] n an entanglement. 2 a devious dispute. 3 an action under bondage. ~ [ulatJ adj against, opposed. "ulat bhai jivat man jagIa."-gau a m 1. 2 adv having turned back; avoiding. "ab man ulatI sanatan hua." -gaukabir. ~ [ulatna] SkI \3\""C'j,06"'1 v to turn back, to return. "manua ulatI sun mahI gahE."-ram beI).i. 2 turn turtle. ~ [ulta] adj contrary, opposite. 2 upsidedown. ~ ~ [ulta sevak] n a purchased slave. "satan ke ham ulte sevak."-dhana namdev. 2 different from ordinary servants; one serving without self interest. ~ [ulatI] adv having turned or returned. "ulatI kamalu amntI bhana."-var mala m 1. ~ [ulti] adj opposite, reverse. "satIguru mIlIE ulti bhai."-sri m 3. 2 n vomit. ~ <Ifarr ~ [ulti gaga VahIl)i] a practice contrary to established religious and social norms. ~ 'RQfu- ~ [ultile sakatI sahara] sen breath forced in the opposite direction or drawn upward.-ram kabir. ~ ~ [ultesevak] See~~. ~ [ulathna] v to come down; to subside. 2 to descend. "sar has ulthare aI."-sri m 1 pahrre. "aI ulthe hajh."-s farid. 3 to turn over. 4 to translate from one language into another. ~ [ultha] n translation. 2 See~. ~ [ulfat] A ~i n love. 2 friendship. ~ [ulma], ~ [ulmau], ~ [ulmav] A ~ adjplural of~. scholars, panQits, doctors, philosophers. "c::lda s ulmavan
rakhe."-GPs. [ularna] v to overflow. 2 to tilt; to lean backwards. 3 (in carts etc.) the state in which front parts are higher and rear parts are lower. ~ [ulvi] A 1.5).; n one possessing height; a star. 2 an angel. 3 an inhabitant of the upper part ofArabia. 4 one belonging to the prophet Ali's clan, but not to lady Fatima's progeny. ~ [ulas] SkI ~ n light, wonder. 2 a desire, yearning. "khat pit vartE ;mad ulas." -sukhmani. 3 courage, zeal. "ra!). dekhI sure cItI ulas."-basJt m 5. "hasa seti cItu ulashI kukar di ogari."-gau var 2 m 5. 4 comfort, happiness. 5 a chapter or section of a book. 6 a figure of literary speech in which merits and demerits of one are attributed to another. "ek-hI ke gu!).do;; tE ::lrE ko gu!). do;;. var!).at y5 uIlas hE jo pagIt matI ko;;."-lalIt lalam. It has four forms: (a) expression of one merit through another. Example: gu!).i gu!).i mIlI laha pavsI, gurmukhI nam vagai."-bhEr m I. gaga jamna godavri sarsuti, te karhI udamu dhun sadhu ki tai, kIlvIkh m1u bhare pare hamrE VICI, hamri m1u sadhu ki dhurI gavai. -mala m 4. (b) expression of merit through demerit. Example: saphal bIrch phal det jyo pakhan mare SIr karvat sahI hot par par hE, sagar se kagh mukh phorIyat sip ko jyo det muktahal avagya na VIcar hE, jEse khanvara khanI khanat hanat ghan manak amol hira par upkar hE, ukh me pIyukh jyo pragas hot kolu pace avgun kie gun sadhun ke dvar hE. -BGK.
~
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(c) expression of demerit through merit. Example: dhanu jobanu dUI vEri hoe, jInhi rakhe rag laL-asa am 1. sadan vIbhutI apar ke dekhi. pira pavhf rIde vIsekhi.-NP. chami purakh ke kaj udara, nd$t hot j:[mI agni para, tIS ko sakal karhI apradha, <;lar ko chor det he badha.-GPS. (d) expression of demerit through demerit. Example: kusagatI bahhI sada dukhu pavhI dukhodukh kamaIa. -maru solhe m 3. par dukh pIkhkar hot he dukhi sat man mahI. -alakar sagar sudha. 7 See 0fmT. ~ [ulasa], ~m [ulasi] adjhappy, pleased, delighted. "jIG mina jal mahI ulasa."-gdu a m 1. ~ [ulasu] See ~. ~ [ulah], ~ro [ulahan] v to bring down. 2 to stop; to remove; to push back or asilde. "habhe <;lukkh ulahI."-var jet. "sagli trIsan ulahi, sat-hu."-ram asa m 5. ~ [ulahna], ~ [ulahno] n a complaint, an expression of grievance. "lakh ulahne mohI.,,_brha chat m 5. "ulahno mE kahu na dio."-nat m 5. ~ [ulahI] adv having brought down, having taken off (garment). 2 zealously. . ~~. [ulahIamu] I have shed. "habhe <;lukh ulahIamu."-var maru 2 m 5. ~ [ulahi] v put down, took clown, shed.
See~. ~~ [ulal).a] adj without a rug, saddle or
sIdhara?"-GPs.
~ [ulad] See l1h~Tt.
[ulabha], ~Hr [ulama] n a taunt, gibe. See ~~ "ulame jia sahe."-asa [arid. ~ [ularl).a] v to raise and make uneven or tilted. 2 to raise or make the front palt higher than the rear. ~ [ulicl)a], ~~Itro [ulican] Skt 0(i,ej)6(i1"1 17 to throw (water) out with cupped hands or with some utensiL "sip na sfdhu uliCIye, raj kan gIne na jahL"-GPS. 2 to sprinkle. "maha sug;'ldh ulican karkE."-GPS. ~ [ulu], ~q [uluk] Skt ~ n an owl. 2 the second name of the author (kanad) of Vaisheshik ShastaI'. ~ [ulukhal] See ~. ~tft [ulupi] n daughter of Kaurvy Nag of Eravat clan whom Arjun married in the Nag country.l She gave birth to Mahavir Vabhruvaham. The ruler of Tripura considers himself the descendant of Ulupi's son Vabhruvahan. !;1M"ioJ;11 [ulehdara] See ~. ~ [uleh;;m] See ~. ~ [uleha] n a kind ofwiild grass that grows during the rainy s(~ason. Its seeds are covered with tiny prickles which on touching stick firmly to the hands. 2 uleha seed. 3 a person who sticks like uleha. ~ [ulekh] See ~r"M"1:f. ~ [ul;'lghl).a], G~ [ul;'lghan] Skt 0('"('I'S~'tl"1 the. act of overtaking; crossing of a river or mountain, passing over. "jotI bIna jag~is ki jagat ul;'lghe jaI."--s kabir. 2 to violate rules or bypass them. 3 to disobey or ignore rules or orders. ~ [u11] Many Punjabis regard this as pain in the eyebrows, but it is a disease of the eyes.
lIn some documents America has been mentioned as Naglok.
saddle blanket, bare back (horse etc.) "jin turagam paI nIkara. kIdh5 ulal).a lin
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Its name in Arabic Persian medicine IS ~ [ullala] n a matrIk metre, also named dh~or Glaucoma in English, also is cadramal).I, has four lines of 13 matras each commonly known as "sabaz motiabfd." and pauses at the 8th and at the next 5th matra. When the production of aqueous humoUf Some poets have wrongly called it u11a1. In around the pupil of the eye is more than its Guru Granth Sahib it has appeared under absorption, or when due to some shock or salok. blow, the pupil is dislocated from its place, Example: then darkness appears before the eyes, the sIdaku saburi, sadIka, eye-ball gets hard, and acute pain is felt in sabaru tosa malaIka, the eyes and the temples and the eyeball dIdaru pure, paIsa, grows red. The patient sees a circle forming thau nahi khaIka.-var sri m 1. itself around the candle flame, and the eye (r~ [ullu] See ~Cf. 2 a big fool, brainless becomes inert. person. In this disease, the patient should be ~ [ullekh] Skt~ n a writing, description, administered a light purgative; leaches should script. 2 a figure of speech in which different people frame or imagine the same thing in be stuck to the temples, and a little opium or morphine should be taken. The best would different forms according to their thinking or feeling. be to have the eye operated upon by a ke bal1ute kE ek jahf ek vastu ko dekh, competent surgeon. This would end pain and ahu bIdhI kar ullekh he so ullekh ulekh. secure the remaining eye sight. -Shivraj Bhushan. Patients of this disease should avoid Example: pickles, chutneys, condiments and spices, $atru vIlokat kal sam janhI Ie prana, coition and walking in the sun. They should devtrovar k lakhr jan kamanvana, take light food and milk. Effort should be gyani Iakh-hf paratma vachIt tan dhara, made to push out the foul matter sticking in nI$Cay bhagtan ke rIde VI$nU avtara, the intestines. $ri nanak ko tan da$am srkkhan man jana, ~ [uIlas] See ~. ~ [ulla1] a matrIk metre of two lines of praja Iakhe raja maha pale vrdhr nana, -GPs. 28 matras each with pauses at the 15th matra (b) In the second version of u11ekh, one and at the next 13th matra respectively. The person perceives a single object in various forms. last two lines of chappay cad are in the form Example: of ulla1. pral).ve nanak benti ill sarvaru to has, Example: kaul ill h kavia ill hE, ape vakhI vIgas. man me vasayke guru gIra, -sri r. 1. Ik akal ko nIt bh3jO, guru tirathu guru parIjatu chal ver irkha krIpal).ta, guru mansa puranharu, mItr ghat h:>m tdjO. guru data harInamu deI Several poets have erred in considering udhr sabh sasaru.-sri m 5. u11al and ullala as the samt.- when defining their ~ [uvat] Skt ~Z" n a difficult path; an characteristics.
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~ [ukar] respect, regard. See ~. "baqo arduous route. lakh ukar kino."---krrsan. n water added to milk at the time of boiling. 2 See (le~a3(,). 3 an exchange ~lf [ukh] Skt ~~; n sugarcane. 2 Dg zeal, enthusiasm. of money; earning, gain. "kaun harE kInr @era' [ukhar] Skt ~PR n a white crust formed uvtiE."-var ram 3. 4 an exchange, act of on saline land surface. 2 saline, barren soil. receiving one object in exchange for another. "kra kasi kIa ukhar mag-har."-dhana kabir. ~ [uvta] adj flustered, flurried, confused. See ~~. "plun: uvtIa."--var mdia m 1. See~. 2 vagrant, stray, vagabond, loaf{~r. ~ [ukhal] See ~~" ~ [uva] pron he, she, that. See~. "caran ~ [ukha] Skt 31f5IT n saline land. 2 a princess who was the daughter of King Van of uva kE pau."-dev m 5. ~ [uvac] spoke, said. "kaVI uvac benti." Shonitpur and grand daughter of Bali. Once in a dream she saw a handsome prince and -c:Jpdi. Skt--o;T{ means 'to speak, explain, state'. fell in love with him. On getting up, she ~ [urad] n horsebean, lentils. 13sd!laft [urdabegi] See (lae '8al(')1 and nretlaoIT. enquired from her friend Chitarlekha whether there could be a prince like that. Chitarlekha, ~ [urdi] a subordinate's report to his senior who was a clairvoy, nt, drew portraits of all officer that every thing is ('orderly'. This handsome men and gods for the princess. pronunciation was coined by the Indian military personnel not adept in English. Usha recognized Aniruddh, son of Pradyuman as on{: of them and declared him ~ [urdu] See ~. her husband. To fiIlfil her desire, Chitarlekha ~ ciaT {urmur taqa] See ciST ~;r. M [urau] See M 2 "par ke bal kar hot managed to bring Aniruddh to the palace. When the king came to know all this, he got urau."-NP ~ [urisa] Se{l ~. Aniruddh tied with a snake-rope.-sdrp-pa.1 ~ [u] part word c~xpressing fear and grief; ah! Krishan, Pradyuman and Balram went to oh! ha!. 2 again, also. "SIV u brahma kachu rescue him. Although Shiv and Sakand helped Van, they were defeated by Yadavs. Krishan par na payo."-33 savEye. 3 Skt 31 n Mahadev, however rescued Aniruddh and brought him Shiv. 4 the moon. 5 P ,f pron he, she See~;rr 4. to Dvarka along~vith Usha. ~ [usar] See ~pre-. "sag layo cmrruddh ko duti harakh bac;lhaI, iw [usa] See ~:fT. ~ [uh] Skt?niQ vr to imagine; to speculat{~; to ukha ko pur tho jaha taha pah uci a I." fancy. 2 to gath1er; to accumulate. -knsan. 3 Skt -;:rsrr early morning. "ukha kal ~ [uha] adv there, at that place. "uha tau pahucyo jai."-cantr 142. jaie jau iha na hOI."-basat ramanad. 2 Skt '31f5f ~ [ukhIt] Skt~tiSrcr adjspent, (time) passed. n reason, argument, proof. 3 subtle intellect. ~ [ugvan] to appear, emerge. 2 to sprout, 4 thought. grow. "surC:ltI hove pat ugvE."-sri m 1. 'In the Purans, it is contended that if some string is cast at ~ [uM] adv there, at that place. 2 in the the enemy after reciting a nag-mantar, it assumes the form next world. "iha uha sada suhele,," -gau m 5. ofa snake and grips thl: enemy tightly. Only garur-mantar ~ [uhi] advonly there. 2 from there. "uhi te can undo its spelL harIo, uha Ie dharIo."-sar m 5.
~ [uvtcn).]
..
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fur [Ugh] n sleep. "cauthE ai ugh."-var majh

m 1. "rati UghE dabla."-var gau 1 m 4. 2 a direction, side. fum [ughan] v to go to sleep; to doze; to feel sleepy. 2 to bellow. See ~. ~ [ughar] See ~. ~ [ughEl Dg adv on that side. "ighE nIrguI). UghE sarguI).."-brla m 5.2 to the slumbering, the dozing one. See ~. ~[uc], ~ [ucau] See~. "ucathahbeat." -majh m 5. "uchau thanu suhavI).a."-sri m 1. ~ ~ lucan uca] adj highest. "ucanuca bie na khica."-brla m 5. ~ljtr [uc muc] adjhigh beyond limit, highest of all. "uc muc beat thakur."-prabha partal
~ [uchalna] See~.
~ [uj] n blame, insinuation, aspersion.
m5.
"jItu mukhI nam na ucarhI."-var asa. ~ [uca] See ~. 2 adj best. " atI uca taka darbara."-vaQ m 5. ~ [ucathal] a mountain top. 2 an arrogant . mind. See ~ EI'fi;). 3 a holy congregation. See
~tJ'tR?
~
~ [ucraI).] See~.
"dharmi nu uj HiuI).i vaqqa pap hE."-proV. fPRr [ujar], ~R2 [ujaru] adj desolate, unpopulated. "ujaru merE bha::::."-s kabir. "basto hOI, hOI so ujar."-sar kabir. 2 transparent, white. 3 excuse, strength. "kes bhae ujar na rahyo kachu ujar."-vE'rag$atak. 'Hair turned white, no strength was left.' ~ [ujal], ~ [ujla], ~H(j [ujalu] See~. "man ujal sada mukh soh-hI."-majh am 3. "kagau hor na ujia."-var maru 1 m 3. "ujalu sacu su sabadr hOI."-ram am 1. ~ [ujhar] See ~~. ~ [ujharr] in a trackless wasteland. "ujharr bharmE rah na pai."-asa am 1. See~. ~ rut], tc [Ut] Skt ~ camel. See ~. ~ ruth] See ~. 2 Skt ~ n a camel, See [uthat bEthat], ~ ~ [uthatr bEthatr] advwhile sitting or standing, during normal work. "uthat bEthat han han gaiE." -majh m 5. ~ [uthna] See ~. "jal te uth-hr anrk taraga."-suhi m 5. ~ [utha], ~ [Utha] multiplication table of three and a half. "qh:Jce pun uthe joran kothe."-NP ~ [uthr] adv having stood up. "bure kam kau UthI khalola."-suhi m 5. ~ [uq], ~ [uqan] See~. "uqr jargo dhumbadro."-sor m 5. ~ [uqa] adj upside down, overturned. 2 contrary, opposite. ~ [uqr] adv having flown, by flying. "uqI carhI akasI."-sava m 3. ~ [uqi], ~m [Uqi] See~. 2 rose. See l?fl:fffi ~. 3 upside down, on its head. "rn brdhr qubi makuri bhai, uqi SIr kr bhari." -sor a m 1.
fo3' t03'
~.3 See~.
'd ~ [uci hu uca] adjthe highest among
the high. "uci hu uca thanu agam aparia." -var guj 2 m 5. ~\ft '8"'it [uci baI).i] n the Guru's speech, sublime utterance, divine discourse. "ud baI).i uca hOI."-asa m 3. ~ [ucu] Skt~: first person plural of~ (to speak)."danva ucu."-saloh. 'The demons spoke.' ~~ ~'5 IDfl? [uce thaI phule kamall Auspicious lotuses blossomed in the desert. i.e. 'Humility was aroused in the vain heart.' fir [uch] See ~'5. ~ [uch sIla] See ~~. 2 the act of picking up dropped grains during harvesting. "uch srla kar jiv hE jo drj muni kahaI."
mw
-GPs.
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[uc;le uc;lr] continuously flying. "uc;le uc;lr aVE SE kosa."-sodaru. ~ [uc;lh] Skt married. 2 was carried away. ~ [uc;lha] Skt;:l?(7;T n one brought away from her father's home, i.e. a bride. f!<!' [UI).] Skt o~o adj less, short, See ~o. 2 empty. "UI). na kai jar."-var gau 2 m 5. f!<!' H!g(!'T luI). rnajhuI).a] adj empty and sad mind. "UI). majhuI).a guru sajaI). jiu dharala." --var ram 2 m 5. ~ [uI).a] See ~7i. "uI).a nahi krchu jan takE." -bher m 5. ~ ~ [uI).a jhuI).a] disappointed and repentant. "nam vlhuI).e uI).e jhuI).e."-suhi chJt m 1. ~ [ut] adj big fool, idiot. 2 without a son, childless. 3 advon that side. See ~. 4 the other world. "it ut ke mit."-bavan. 5 Skt adj woven, knitted. 6 sewn, stitched. 7 famous, well-known. ~3H [utam] See ~"3H. "utam sagatI utam hovE."-asa am 1. f!3l1feHo'Q [utamIsnanu] purity of mind, internal purification, heart's purity. "gIanu sresat utam Isnanu."-sukhmani. ~ [utamu] See~. "utamu hova prabhu mIlE Ik manJ: ekE bhar."-oJkar. ~ [utar] a reply, an answer. ~ [utarr] See~. ~ [utaru] See ~. ~ [ud] A J~ l1! the aloe tree. 2 the aloe wood. 3 a lute-like instrument called barbat; it is like a peacock but usually it looks like a duck. ~~ [udak] water, See ~t!CX. "anile kubh bhraiale udak."-asa namdev. ~ ~ [ud bIlav] a sea-cat. See ~ ~. ~~ [Udar] Skt ~ n a rat, mouse. ''ildar kE sabadr brlEya bhagi."-ratanmala bJno. 'On account of the precept of the true One that gets into the heart, the cunning ego ran away'; the rat stands for reflecting, the cat denotes
desire.
~ ~~
ter
[udar d{ldar] adj silently damaging the interior (mind) by digging holes in it like a rat. 2 n rat-like ill-intention, nibbling. 3 nature that causes needless damage to others. "l1dar dl1dar pasr dharijE."-ram a m 1. 'Wrong actions and ideas, be thrown out.' [udal adj reddish brown, brinjal-coloured. ~ [udh], ~ [fidh] adj inverted, upside down. "fidh kaval jrs hOI pragasa."-majh m 5. 2 Skt 31ml, n an udder. "udh bhar te calyo na jai."-GPs. ~Qij [udhau], f1~~ [fidhau] n See~. 2 adj inverted. "udhau kaval manmukh matr hochi."-bher m 1. "fidhau khapar pac bhu topi."-SIdhgosatI. 'Mind disenchanted with the world is like a begging bowl.' See
#-e-
qr<!'.
n an inverted lotus; mind turned away from God. "udh kamal bIgsara."-sor ill 5. ~ [udhaj] n what is evolved from udder; milk. See ~ 2 and furtr. ~ [udhat] See ~. ~ [udham] n a turbulence, riot. 2 a noise. ~ [udhav] Skt ~ n a son of Devbhag Yadav and uncle and friend of Krishan. He carried Krishan's messages to the milkmaiddevotees at Vrindavan. "prat bhae te bulaykE udhav pE brrjhhumhr bhejdayo hE."-knsan. ~ [udhal, ~tfr [fidha] adj inverted. S ~=q "fidhE bhac;lE kachu na samaVE, sidhE amrrtu parE nrhar."-guj am 1.2 high, straight, erect, standing. "kad udha kad mudha hor."-PP 'sometimes erect and inverted at other times.' ~ [udho] See and ~. ~ [fidho] adj inverted. "fidho kavalu sagal SaSarE."-gaU a m 1. See ~. ~o [un] Skt "3i;1~ vr to reduce. 2 to count.
~ mrl? [udh kamal]
1M
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3 ~ adj less, deficient. "un na kat hu bata." -sor m 5. 4 31Ulf n wool, soft hair on the body. ~ [unat] Skt~ adjhigh, tall. 2 increased, raised, advanced. 3 swollen, overflowing. ~'i'iW [unavI] adv overflowing, advancing. "unaVI ghanhar garjE."-sar m 1. ~ [una] Skt~ adjincomplete, not full, short. "une kaj ne hovat pure.,,_ram m 5.2 n a short amenable sword which can be kept under a pillow. "mIsri una nam, sEph sarohi sastrapatI."_sanama. 3 a town in Hoshiarpur district. It was the seat of Baba Sahib Singh Bedi. In 1848, during the time of Baba Vikram Singh, the British attached it. The descendants ofthe Baba are now landholders here. See W rn. Close to Una to the southeast is gurdwara Damdama Sahib, dedicated to Guru Hargobind. The gurdwara has only a 6ghumaons garden which is managed by a noble of the Bedi dynasty. Jejon Doaba Railway station is 12 miles away from Una. 4 a mountain in between Indus and Swat rivers in northwest India which is 1600 feet above the sea-level. The Greeks called it Aornos in their history ofAlexander. The Afghans called it "Pir sar." According to the Janamsakhi, Guru Nanak Dev consecrated it with his visit. ~ [up] n admiration, praise. ~ [upaj] See ~. ~ [upjan] See~. "guru mI1I namu upjE."-var sor m 4. ~ [upajI] adv having grown, having been produced. ~tfij' [upar] See ~tfij' and ~tIfu. "upar kau magau khldha."-sor kabir. ~ ~ [upar aUl)a] v to come up or over, be victorious, conquer. ~U'Ef [upar hath] n magnanimity, liberality, protection. See~.
~ [upan] SktM advupon, over. "upan
bhuja kan mE guru pahI pukana."-suhi kabir. 2 from above. "raj mal joban tanu jiara In upan IE bare."-dhana m 5. ~ 'U"? <:J"C tIfu ))fI"5T, ~ 913fa' ar3t [uparI hatu hat pan ala, ale bhitan thati]-ram bel)i. 'On the earth is the bodily shop (humans); above the shop is alcove (human head); and in the alcove is a window (brain), containing the ultimate spiritual treasure.' ~ [upan kup] See dl'd'IO 6. ~"dffi ~ [upan gall hOl)i] v to be successful in a debate, have the upper hand. "tIn ki upan gal tudh al)i he."-maru solhe
m4.
~ [UpE] on, upon. See~. "duu dEt dJre
daya sfdhu UPE."-GPS. 'Both the dragons attacked Vishnu.' ij-a- rub] n bewilderment, bafflement. = ~ [ubat] Dg arduous path. See ~. ~'8'Oi'i'T [ubarna] See ~"l:l"OO. "bed puran SImntI sabh khoje, kahu na ubarna."-asa kabir. "namI lage se ubre."-sava m 3. ~ [ubh] See ~9. 2 n the sky, See ~ 5. "ubh paIal sarab mahI puran."-bhT m 5. 3 paradise. "chutas nahi ubh pna!." -sukhmani. 'There is no escape from heaven and hell.' 4 pride. "pahIrava dekh-hI ubh jahI."-basat ravIdas. 5 courage, enthusiasm. ~~ [ubhau] See ~. adj standing. "jamal) maral)SIrupan ubhau."-sorm 3. 2 See~. ~ [ubhsuk] See ~. "sakat kUrE ubhsuk hue."-bIla am 4. ~ [ubhac] short form for~. n wanderers in the sky; birds. 2 A firework filled with gas that flies high in the sky like a balloon. "ubhac payodhar ES phIrae."-krIsan. 'Fireworks float about like clouds.' ~ [ubhcar] a wanderer in the sky, See~.
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47
ascended to heaven.' 5 after this. 6 See~. 7 This word has also been used for fiT (below). "uradh mukh maha gubare." -maru ajuli m 5. ~ ~ [uradh kamal] n an inverted lotus assumed by the yogis to denote the ultimate spiritual stage. 2 See ~. ~. ~m [ubhi] adj standing. "supnE ubhi bhai, ~ WI [uradh pOQr] Skt ~~ a ~aste mark donne:d by the Vaishnavs on the forehead gahIo kin acla?"-phunl1e m 5. ~ [ubhisev] service done while standing, consisting ofthree upright lines like segments i.e. serving without lassitude. "ubhi sev of sugarcane. Vaiishnav wearing uradh pUQr kareI."-var sor m 3. Skt~: Berr. look down upon Shaivs wearing horizontal ~ [ubhe] adj standing. tIlak. 1 See ~ <~lor'. ~ [ubhejat] people ready and active for ~aQai~ [uradhbahu] Skt ~~ n an ascetic taking away others' wealth; thieves, dacoits, who always keeps his arms raised. 2 a son of Vashishth.3 aclf{one) who has his arm raised. thugs. "kare ubhe jat."-s kabir. See~. ~ [ubhE] adv on that side, there. 2 in the ~aQa3i [uradhreta] Skt~~ adj(one) who hereafter. "ibhE bithalu ubhE bithalu."-asa does not let his semen fall; (one) who vows namdev.3 See 1mir. "mathE ubhE jam marsi to remain celibate. "thna asneka maha nanak mela!). namI."-var maru 1 m 1. uradhreta."-datt. 'sitting firm in one posture, 'Finding himself helpless, even the demon a great celibatle.' 2 Bhisham Pitama. would beat his head with both hands.' 3 Hanuman. 4 Shiv. 5 ascetics like Sanak etc. ~ [ubho] Dg adj standing, up on one's feet. 6 Baba Shri Chand. ~ [urn] Skt ~ adj a companion, comrade. ~aQMOl [uradhlok] Skt~~ n the paradise. "larE kop kEkE hatE nahI uma."-GV 6. 2 the heaven. 3 the sky. 2 town, city. ~ [uram] n ta"fi-nfGr. a sea or a wave, See ta' [ur] adj short, incomplete, See . '''pur ~~. "uram dhurarn jot I ujala."-oakar. ur ko lakhiE bhev."-NP. 'Distinction between 'bright light on sea and land.' God's light what is complete as against incomplete is shines everywhen~. obvious enough.' ~ 1JaH [uram dhuraml See ~. ~ [uraj] Skt ~-4 vr to acquire Iife, be strong. ~ [uramIl, ~~.ft [urmi] Skt"31fl'f n a wave, 2 n strength, power. 3 food. 4 zeal, ardour. surge, billow. 2 sorrow. 3 six hazards: cold, 5 life. 6 the month of kattak. See ~ 2. heat, hunger, thirst, old age, greed, attachment; ~a<!()iF9 [ura!).nabhI] Skt~ n with wool or : hunger, thirst, old age, death, grief and or yarn in its navel, a spider. 2 a silkworm. attachment. 4 the number six. 5 light, ~ [ur!).a] Skt ~31UTf n wool, silk. brightness. 6 illusion, delusion. 7 haste. ~Qtf [uradh] Skl'"3J<f1:A adj standing, upright. ~~ [urmimali] "31fl:f ~;:r~ n the sea, wearing a rosary of waves. 2 high, tall. 3 upper. 4 adv upwards i.e. towards heaven. "uradh ge audhes." 1*~~lT:'5f[;~~~1 -ramav. 'Dashrath, the king of Oudh, ~ ~ ~. 'IT?f mm:-vTrdh harit sahrta ch 2. [ubha] adj standing. ";mIk fdr ubhe darbar."-sar m 5. 2 inverted, upside down. 3 straight, right side up. "jal metIa ubha kana."-sor kabir. ~ [ubhI] adv upwards. "kab-hu jiara ubhI carat hE, kab-hu jaI paIale."-ram m 1. See
~
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tar
~ [ura] Skt ~ adj incomplete, not complete.
48
2 less, short. "j;}n ura, tu pura."-sar namdev. "tu pura h;}m ure hoche."-sor m 1. 3 stupid, illiterate. 4 See ~ and or. P ,-"I to him. ~ [uri] incomplete, See I. ";}v;}r s;}g;}1 brdhr uri."-sar m 5. ~ [ulkha] A "'~I adj charitable, generous. "l;}kh tir;}th l;}kh ulkha."-BG ~ ~ [ul j;}lul] adj irrelevant, without head or tail, out of context. ~ lura] the sound or pronunciation of letter t. "UrE upma tiiki kijE."-asa patti m I. ~ [0] part vocative for a person of lower rank or status. 2 short form for Rr; conjunction. "jh;}r jh;}kh;}r a har."-sava m 1. 'web ofclouds, storm and flood.' 3 expression of grief and surprise. 4 pron short form for fur. 5 Skt 3iT n Brahma. 6 P ,I pron he, she, that. ~ [au] pron the very same (form of fur by adding the particle ~) {f[o], @,f loa], @,fqIQ [oakar] Skt 3W:r from root (3TCf.) which means to protect, save, get satiated, spread,etc. This word signifies God, the protector of all. "oa sadh S;}tIgur n;}m;}skara."-bavan. "oa prry pritI citr." -sar m 5. Its synonyms are ~ and ~~. Literally the word ~ means the sound of @,f. "prrtham kal jab k;}ra p;}sara. oakar te sristI upara."-VN. At places this word is perceived as indicative of the Creator. "oakar eko r;}VI r;}hIa."-kan m 4. "oakar ;}kar k;}rr p;}v;}n paJ)i bESat;}r sa je."-BG Sanskrit scholars, having presumed tp,f comprising t,})f and H, have the trinity of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiv in mind but Sikhism, the prefix 9. to Oankar stresses the unity of the ultimate reality. "eka ekakar lIkhI vekhaha, ura oakar pasI bahalIa." -BG 2 In Nimar district of Central India, there is a famous Hindu temple named
Oankar. Guru Nanak Dev composed his writing Dakhni Oankar there!. 3 part yes. 4 true, real, correct. ~0Jf: [oan;}m;}h], ~'(')"1-ffi [oan;}m;}hj, ~ [oanamo] sen salute to the Creator who is the Protector. @E [oIl pron he and its plural 'they'. "OI j;}PI j;}PI pIara jivde."-trlJg m 4. "OI bIkhadi dokhia."-asa m 5. fuft [oil pron the very same, he , she, they. "Ik m;}n Ikk aradh;}n oi."-BG ful [as] pron See~. "as bIna h1 chutki ro1." -asa m 5. 2 to him. "osu silu n;} saj;}mu sada jhuthu bolE."-var suhi m 3. 3 Skt ~ n dew, See Wf. fuJc [OS;}t] Skt3iTrso n a lip, especially the upper lip; the lower lip is called ;}dh;}r. fu:rfl:r [os;}dhI] See n@:rq. fu1ro [osan] See ~. JJ [osu] See ful. fur [oh] pron he, she, it, that, they. "oh nehu n;}vela."-asa m 5. 2 the other world. "na tIS eh na oh."-sri m 1. 3 Skt ~ part word expressing grief or surprise. "hE hE k;}rke oh k;}ren."-sclVa m 1. [ohaq.] the Oe,lar country. See ~. "ohaq. bags;}tan p;}than sagharkE."-carrtr 195. ~ [ohdal A ~--'I n a rank, post, an authority.
IThere is, at Rawalpinc;li in Bhai Buta Singh Hakim's dharmshala, a very old hand-written copy ofGuru Granth Sahib. In it under Ramkali measure, there is, in addition to dakhal)i oakar, another composition oakar comprising 87 stanzas which begins thus: "oakar m 1 (page 1315) oakar nnmal sabh thanI. tate hoi sagli khanI. khal)I khal)I mahI bahu bIsthara. ape jal)e snjal)hara. sIrjanhar ke kete bhekh. bhekh bhek mahI rahe alekh. (I )... bhau bhaga nnbhau gharI aIa. tab eh caran pakhale man. maIadhin sevakI dan tha<;lhi. jako carankaval ruCI bac;lhi. dnsatI maI sara jag dekhe. apI alekhi aur sabh lekhe.(87)
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froa't
sarins. "bhagat ju bhagta ohri."-BG
49
fu:Rft [ohri] n a subcaste of khatris linked to fur' [oeha] Skt "IT~~ adj chicken-hearted, nonfuJw [ohla] n a cover, screen, refuge. furr [oha] pron a form of fur with a particle.
The very same. "oha prem pIri."-asa m 5. fur'3' [ohar] See . 'mr [OhI], tit [ohi], ~ [ohu], W [OhE], W [oho]pron form oftrJ combined with particle ET and ; that very person. "OhI adarhu baharhu nIrmale."-var majh ill 1. "hoa ohi al jag mahI."'-var maru 2 m 5. "dan deI prabhu ohc.'''-guj m 4. "oho sukh oha va<;lIai."-asa m 5. 2 W particle expresses grief or surprise too. fum' [oha<;l] See ~. ~ [ok] n a cupped palm or hand. "tab teri ok koi panio na pav."-sor kabir. 2 Skt~: a home, an abode. "man manhI sabh atak ok." -NP. 'Yam's world.' l:f [okh] Skt 3ll<i'L vr to be strong, set right. fuffu' [okhadh:c] See~. til:Rfi [okhli] See ~' iaRJr [ogra] adj butter-free, dry. 2 n an edible weed, goosefoot. I "ogra alono hi ehakat hute ap sada, akbar magyo dio tahf te nIkas h. gval kavI kah tako ek gras hi ke maIn, ae bahu svad bhayo namrata ki ras he"-guru pJcasa. ~ [ogal] n visible moisture on the earth, wetness. fiarnr [ogla] See fuIw. Eoru [ogah] See ~ and~. "amal jI kitIa duni vieI se dargahi ogaha."-s [arid. 'fur [ogh] Skt 3i'tq n a crowd, mass, faction. "agh ogh tare Inhi ke prasadI."-kham. 2 flow, flood. ~ [oeka] a thug, thief, See~. "na oeka lEjaI."-var guj 1 m 3.
IThose who observe fast do not count ogra as cereal, though they grind it and make chapatis of it.
serious. 2 lowly, inferior. "oehi matI meri jatI julaha."-guj kabir. 3 ignoble. "oeha janam hamara."-asa ravidas. ~ [oehapan] n wickedness, paltriness, meanness. 'fu:r [oj] SkI' ~ vr to be strong; to live; to grow. 2 Skt 3itJ~ n strength. 3 light, glory. 4 The qual ity of poetry that overwhelms the listener with desire and passion. ~'t [ojasvi] Skt 31:t\ifft'cr;:r, adj mighty. 2 glorious. 'fu:r ~ I[oj VIlas] a book of verse compiled by the bard Lal Singh containing narratives and verses of se:veral poets. It was compiled at Nabha in Sammat 1910. "dISa su nIdhI saSI sal me aSVIn SUdI dIn car. guru dIn sukhad suhavno bhayo grath avtar." See we?
mur.
trr;r [ojar] See .~tRr;r. "phathe ojari."-maru a
mI.
~ [ojara] See ~ destruction. "tine ojare
ka badhu."-dhcma m 1. ;:rr;ft [ojari] adv in the wilderness. See ~' ~ [ojhri] See ~ 2. "nadi <;larbe ojpri 1 sIdhayo."-car.rtr 297. ~ [ojhal] n screen, cover. 2 a cave, dungeon. "jog juto rahE ojhal me"-krIsan. ~ [ojhli] n a belly, an abdomen, a stomach. 2 placenta. 5'r [ojha] Skt -;jl:r~ n a teacher. 2 one of the subcastes ofMaithali and Gujrati Brahmans' who live across the river Sarayu. "eadreur ojha tIh nav."-carrtr 370. ~ [ojhar] See '~' "bhramI bhramI ojhar gahe."-prabha m 4. c [ot] n cover" screen. 2 support. 3 refuge, asylum. "ot gobfd gopal raI." -majh barahmaha. ~ [otl).a] v to bear; to tolerate. 2 to accept
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50
responsibility. 3 to wear.
cr rota] n cover, screen. 2 wall, tent-wall. ~ [otail v took over; has protection of. See Be. "gobfd car'H). otai."-maru m 5.
fur lot] Skt iWr n a warp; a yarn spread to weave cloth. 2 See~. 3 See 3" i8.
~ [otsah] See~. "bhare otsaha bhae
'io loth], a [6th] Skt 3TIlSO n lip, especially
ea [oQ] n a tribe whose members know inner

secrets of the earth. They unearth stones and pebbles, dig wells and from experience tell the type of earth that offers saltish or sweet water. People seek their help in tracing old wells hidden underneath the earth's surface. See fu3'r. ~ [o<;lcha] Skt 3TI9: ~ See~. 2 Orcha, capital city of in Bundel Khand, Central India. See~. "abhavati oQche rani."-cantr 138. ~'A" [oQches] Lord of Orissa. 2 king of Orcha. See ~. fu3'r [oQa] adj that big. 2 n See fur. "jIU oQa kup guhaj khm kaQhE."-basJt m 4. ~ [oQari] See ~~. "kukar di oQari." -gau var 2 m 5. ~ [o<;lil).a], ~ [oQil).i] See ~. "sabh du niv1 dharatr hE, ap gavar hoi oQil).i."-BG ~ [oQr] See~. ~ [oQhl).a], ~ [oQhan] v to bear, tolerate. 2 to put on, wear. "pisan pisr oQhr kamri sukh manr satokhae. "-suhi m 5. "OQhE bastra kajar mahr parra."-sar m 5. "jru mrrtaku oQhara."-toQi m 5. ~ [oQhni] n a garment worn to cover the body, sari, head-gear. ~ [oQhlia] wore, put on, donned. "vastra oQhlia."-asa m 5. 2 the wearer of a garment. ~ [oQhaul).a] v to make someone wear. "anrk prakari bastra oQhae."-dhana m 5. 2 to offer robe of honour in regard and submission. trfu" [oQhr] adv having put on. "oQhr nagan na hoi."-bIla m 5.
the upper one.
savdhani. "-cps. ~3" [otpot] Skt iWr >fKr n warp and woof. 2 merged. See i:lf3". ~ rota] adjthat much. 2 childless, without a son. ~ [otak] P Jib,' n a parlour; a drawing room for male members. 2 residence. See ~. "trtu tanr mdu na lagai, sac gharr jrsu otak."-sri a m 1. tifaiif:r [otrpotr] See 3"i8. 2 having spread warp and woof. "otr potr mrlro bhagtan kau."-kan m 5. 3 in warp and woof. "otr potr ravra rup rag."-sukhmani. ~ [otu] pron that. "otu mati salahl).a."-sri m 1. 2 n a male cat. [ote], B3" [otE] adv at that place, there. 2 that very (person) "tudhu OtE kamr or lara."-var sri m 4. "OtE sathr manukhu hE." -sri m 5. furor [otag] See ~. W [OthE] adv See B3" there, at that place. "OthE anhad sabad vaj-hr drn rati."-majh a m3. ~ [od] Dg n a fishing hook. treo [odan] SkI ~ n cooked rice. "dadhr aru odan mat te ardhrk khar plaI."-NP. 2 food, meal. ~ [odnrk] a cook. ~ [odarl).a] v to miss (someone), feel lonesome. wm [odasi] See ~t:'Fft. "na rhu grrhi na odasi."-g5Q kabir. ~ [odu] adv from that. q [odh] Skt 31{1:A adj high, tall, long. "asa odh pal).a."-paras. 'with a long sword in hand.' See~. ijQH [odhajl milk. See ~tI'i1. "tere hi bhitar
m3"
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51
odhdj makhdn sEl ke ~tdr pavdk pani."-GPs.

@:Rr [odhdr] advon that side, there. 2 towards
the other world.
Bo [on] pron he, she. "on chdqe laldc duni

ke."-var maru 2 m 5.
fum [omm], BoH [ommo] SeeWioH:. "ondm

dkhdr sUl).hu bicar. ondm dkhar tnbhdVdl). saru."-oakar. "ondm sri sdtIguru Cdrdl).."-BG fur"[ona], ~ [onaha] advthat much, to that extent. 2 pron to them. 3 they. 4 their. "ona ~ddn namu nIdhanu hE."-sri ill 1. "pIara rdb onaha jogdi."-var ram 2 m 5. fur" if rona masi dh5] 3TrJ:f. ~: ~ This is how those teaching vowel-free characters, called l~qe, pronounce the phrase. It means 'salute to God" the Protector.' trro [onI], Rft [oni] pron they. "OnI hdldtu pdldtu sdbhu gdvaIa."-var gau 1 ill 4.2 they. "oni tdkre pae hath."-sri m 5 pallIre. [op] n praise. 2 water, splendour, magnificence. 3 glory. [Opdt], ~fu [OpdtI] the creation. See ~. "nd 0Pdt hoi."-var guj 1 m 3. "ekds te sdbh 0PdtI hoi."-gc:IU CJ m 1. 2 Skt 3Wm n the knot of hair. 3 a bag shaped like cow's head, dipping their hands in it the Brahmans tell their rosary. "mudnt netr urddh kdr Updt."-parCJs. ffuo1 [opnil n a slab of stone on which weapons are rubbed for sharpening and giving them a shine. ~ [opma] See ~l.fW. "bahut opma thor kdhi."-mali m 5. ~ [opra] Skt ~ adjunacquainted, stranger. "ndhI opra prave~dn pavE."-GPs. ~ [opau], ~~ [opn], ~ [opav] n means, endeavour. See ~l.(T(if. "'upava sIn upau hE."-var bIla m 3. 2 See ~. "ek nImdkh opaI SdmaVE."-sar m 5. 'In an instant He creates and absorbs.' furijT [obra] Fa a cow-shed, byre .
wm
m.r ma
[obri] Fa n a cow-shed. 2 M~ a doorframe, threshold. "kagdd ki obri, mdSI ke kdrdm kdpat."-s kCJbir. 'Treatises composed by ignorant persons come in the way ofsalvation.' ~ [obhdr] adj illiterate, uneducated. fu..rrtr [omah], fur'iJ3T [omahra], Bwc:P" [omaha] n enthusiasm, excitement, exuberance. "guru mI1IE ornaha."--jEt m 4. IDft [omi] A adj such as at the time of birth (~); without any teaching, uneducated. "pdrIa hOVE gundhgaru ta omi sadhu na mariE. .. parIa atE omia vicaru dgE vicariE." -var asa. fre [or] n a direction, side. "CItVdU tumri or." -jEt m 5. 2 a sid(~, an aspect. 3 shore, coast, bank. 4 short form for fuJq (m); the end, limit. "gInty6 j:cn ke paI nd or."-GPs. fuJq [ordk] n ~ortheend. "ordk ndrak gdman tIn hoi."-NP. 2 a boundary, limit. "bhit uprE ketaku dhaiE ~t orko aha."-asa m 5. ~ [orcha] a town in Bundhel Khand(Central India) fou'nded by a Rajput named Bharati Chand in 1531 AD on the bank of Vetwa river. It is approached by Manakpur-Jhansi railway line (G.I.P.). Raja Bikramjit Bundela transferred his capital from here to Tikamgarh ii1 1783. Now the state itself is called Tikamgarh. Orcha is now the headquarter of a tehsil (sub division). See "fursr. ~ [orches] the king of fu:rigr. ~ [orarna] v to rise, overflow, swell. "oral' phJja aia."-cac;li 3. 2 to leap, spring, pounce upon the enemy for fighting. fur' [ora] n a furrow. 2 hail, hailstone. "ora gan pani bhdIa."-s kabir. "ore sam gat hE." -jEja m 9. ,3 See 'rw 2. 4 this side, near side, near bank. g [oru] after all. See fur 4. "kathni kathau nd aVE oru."-gau a ill 1. Ht'u [orebhar mih] n rain sufficient to
Jr
m-a-
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flood tile furrows, regarded enough for the sowing operation. ~ [OrE:] adv on this side, hither, here. "sachu orE sabhuko."-sri am 1.2 the other person. "orE kachu na krnhu kia."-bavan. (ffi [01] Skt 3Trfr n an edible tuber. 2 Pu part of a scarf spread as a beggar's bag to receive alms. "par 01 me dhan ki thati."-NP 3 a lap. 4 a cover, safe position. 5 a refuge, asylum. 6 mortgaged or pawned thing. 7 estimated yield of a field. fum [olag] M~ n left over stuff after eating, leavings. fumfusarit [olag olag.Q.i] to clean utensils after eating. "sat acara.Q. sat co marag satac olag olag.Q.i."-asa ravidas. See ~ and fum. ~ [olgi] Th n village menial, living on donations. "mE olgia olgi ham chom thare." -asa am 1. ~~[olgia olgi] a menial of the lowest level; servant of servants. See fu?aft. fffir lola] n a hailstone, See ~. 2 sugar ball used for making a sweet drink. 3 ~T refuge, support. "jiare ola nam ka."-gau m 5. 4 a cover, support, refuge. fuMp- [olama] See ~ and~. "sau olame dInE ke rati mIlanI sahas."-var suhi m 1. fu;ft [oli] n one who measures produce of a field
by making an estimate of the standing crop. "musraph dar daroge oli."-BG 2 This word may also be derived from Arabic ~. See ~. 3 the front part of a shirt or a part of a dupatta spread to receive/collect whatever is offered. 4 a brown coloured sparrow-like bird called q.um.Q.i. 5 S an oar. ~ [olu] n a pit or masonary trough for collecting water drawn from the well. 2 Dg the act of remembering or learning by heart. ~ [olhag] See fu5or. [olha] n a curtain, support. 2 help, shelter. fur [or] n end, boundary, limit. "or pahucavhu date."-gau m 5. "tEsi nIb-hE or."-s kabir. 2 c. refuge. "nanak or tuhari parro."-gau m 5. "mE ahi or tuhar."-gau a m 5. 3 in that direction, towards that side. 4 death. 5 the last moment. fum [orak] n the end, limit. "orak orak bhalr thake." -japu. furfa' [orakI] adv at the end, lastly. "kur nlkhute nanka, OrakI sacu rahi."-var ram m 1. ~ [oraku] See ~. "oraku ala tIn sahla."-sri pahIre m 1. fuJsr [orcha] See furs"r. foray] Ski 3iT~q n a musical measure comprising five rags such as hrnq.ol and malbs. See d'dl8se.
aw
rn
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f lara] the second character of the Punjabi script pronounced from the throat. 2 Skt part prefixed to words for expressing meanings of negative and opposite stance and ofdifference. i.e. ~, l?fdT.iIT('), l?iLIQ}f, l?fi'l1f3", ;,ffior, etc. 3 Skt n the world. 4 absence. 5 fire. 6 Brahma. 7 Vishnu. 8 Indar. 9 wind. 10 ambrosia. 11 glory. 12 the forehead. 13 adj (one) who defends or protects. 14 helper. ~ [au] part and; a conjuction. "dipak dU nat nalk rag."-krrsdn. 2 Skt in Punjabi it also appears in place of Skt})fl.fand~,as in)~ instead of }Jf1..r~Jo, ~qr<!" instead of ~<!", ~ instead of~, ~'9"3" instead of ~, etc. 3 See ~. ~ [dual] See ~. ~ [ausadh], ~ [ausadhi] See ~tcrrr. ~ [ausar], ~ [;msaru] Skt ~ n time, occasion, opportunity. "ausar bitlojat hE."--tIlag m 9. "phlrI Ia ausar carE na hatha."-bavdn. 2 a sentence uttered for the satisfaction of an inquisitive inquirer. 3 a suggestion, context. 4 the time ofbirth and the moment ofliberation. "ausar karhu hamara pura jiu."~majh m 5. ~ [ausaph] A ._H...,' plural of~ merits, good points, compliments, qualities. ~ [ausi], ~rm [aOsi] See ~. ~l.fZ<!" [auhat pata!).] an arduous destination i.e. a spiritual opening. "auhat pata!). ki cinE ba t."-rdtdnmala. ~ [auhath] Skt>1fl..f(JQ n wrong insistence, improper persistence. "gaIn auhath abla rahi, manyo bacannaek."-ramav. 2 Skt~3'. adj
engrossed, absorbed in contemplation. 3 alert. 4 Skt })fl..RJ3' destroyed, killed. 5 discharged, removed. 6 See :~. llortt'(]'fo [auhathI] having renounced wrong insistence. "auhathI hasat mari gharu chan dharaJ)I gagan kaldhari."-ram d m 1. 'Renouncing the ego, the Creator who has control over earth and heaven, is in the heart imbibed.' 2 Skt >>fl..Jfu n refutation, rejection. "auhathI hasat mahI bhikhla jaci."-pTdbha m 1. 'For false belief's rejection, I have begged alms.' ~ [auharal),JI Skt ~ v to steal. 2 to loot. See ~'. 3 to hide, conceal. ~ [auha!).i] adj liable to harm. 2 fit for stealing. 3 fit for hiding. 4 whose life has ended; perishable. "oh auha!).i kade nahI, na aVE na jaI."-var guj 1 m 3. llorttUTO [auhar] Skt ~ n theft, plunder. 2 hiding, concealing. 3 damage, loss. "blnu muk~d tanu hUI auhar."-g3c;i ravIdas. 4 Skt ~ a thief. 5 an alligator, a crocodile. 6 a call, an invitation. ~ [auheral)'] Skt ~ n disobedience. 2 insult. 3 See )}~. 4 See ~. ~ [auheri] disobeyed, insulted. "khasamI duhaganI tajI auheri."-g5c;i kabir. 'Unfortunate is the woman whom her husband has deserted and insulted.' 2 a female dacoit. "sagal mahI nakti ka vasa, sagal marl auheri."-asa kabir. ~ [auhelanl See ~ and ~. ~ [aukhl n f-J31:fdifficulty, hardship. 2 pain, suffering. 3 calamity, distress. 4 P t,;" grief,
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sadness, distress.
~l:fe" [aukhad], ~l:ffu [aukhadr], ~1:ftft
[aukhadi], ~[aukhadu], ~ [aukhadh], n@:ffu [aukhCldhr], n@:Il::ft [Clukhadhi], y~ [aukhadhu] SkI ifTqfu n that which assumes brightness; a medicinal herb, medicinal plant. 2 ~ n something prepared from a herb. 3 a medicine. "avar nCl aukhadhu t~t na m~ta." -asa am 1. "sabh aukhadh daru lar jiu."-asa c~t m 4. 'all medicines prepared either from herbs or metals.' ~l::fT [aukha] adj See ~l::f difficult, hard. 2 perplexed, bewildered. 3 miserable. "aukha jag mahr hora."-var gau 1 m 4. ~ uSt [aukhi ghafi] hard time, a moment of adversity. "aukhi ghafi na dekhal) dei." -dhana m 5. ~ [aukhivan], ~ [aukhivna] v to suffer; to undergo hardship. 2 n-f-~ a hangover, a condition of decline in intoxication. "matra han ras mahI rate, tIS bahufI na kab-hu aukhivna."-maru a m 5. ~ [augal)], ~ [augan] SkI ~ n a demerit, defect. "augal) katI mukhu ujla." -var ram 2 m 5. 2 a crime, sin. ~ [Clugan] adj (one) who leads. "kudrat ke augan." -m 1 b~no. ~ [augul)]~, See~. "augul) sabadI jalae."-vae;f m 3. ~ [augUI)Iara], ~ [augUl)Iari] adj without merit. "augul)Iare kau gUI)."-asa am 1. "augul)Iari k~t na bhavE."-maru solhe
m 1.
~
[augul)ul, ~ [augun] See ~
and~. ~ [augunr], ~ [auguni] adjworthless,
vicious. 2 adv because of demerits; with demerits. ~ laugh] See Bur and fur. ~U/C [ClUghat] SkI ~c rugged, uneven,
arduous." "aughat rudhe rah."-var mala m 1. 2 n a difficulty, hardship, distress. "jIthe aughat aI banat he praI.li."-maru solhe m 5. 3 a hard time, painful period. 4 See U1C. ~ UflC [aughat ghat] adj a difficult path, an impassable passage, a way on which travelling cannot be done. "age aughat ghat." -s kabir. See~. ~ [aughClf] n n-f-UIQ an ascetic who has renounced the world; a mendicant. "aughaf apno nam kahayo."-NP 2 a worshipper of Shiv; a Shaivaite; an ascetic. 3 a sect of mendicants who hang a horn around the neck, wear a cord around the head, append 'Nath' to their name, and mark a sign of a trident with ash on their foreheads. Brahmgiri was the chief advocate of this cult. Gorakhpur is its centre. ~ [aucar] adj inedible. "pfc;l aparce aucar cara."-BG 'I have taken inedible food from those who are not acquainted with Gurmat.' 2 what cannot be grazed; that which is not eaten or drunk quite often. See ~ ~. ~ [auchak] SkI 3i't1WP n a bull as part of a herd. 2 a drove of oxen. "ubhe bnkhabh nrj auchak mahi."-NP $ [ClUj] SkI ~ n strength, might. "tm same atr auj janayo."-krrsan. 2 See h=r. ~ [aujatI] n-f-RTf::r n a low caste. 2 adj belonging to a low caste. "aujatr ravdas camIar camaia."-bIla d m 4. ~ [aujhaf] S~ n a thick forest; a deep jungle that is impassable. 2 adj(one) who is misled. ~ [aujhafI] in a thick forest, in a dreadful jungle. ~ [aujhafu] See~. ~ [autana] See ~. $ [aut] Sk/~ adjchildless, sans offspring. "dut jCll)eda jar."-var ram 1 m 1.
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~ [autar]
Skt ~ n birth; assumption of bodily form. See ~ . 2 without a son; childless. ~ [autara])] Skt~ n a copy, facsimile. 2 the act of coming down from above or descending. :3 taking birth, getting bodily form. "autarIa autar lL"-var ram 3. "sarp;:mI hOIkE autrL"--s kCJbir. ~ [autra] without offspring; childless. See
~3".
~ [autrasil will be born, will take birth.
~ [audhghaneriJ long life. 2 (ironical)
2 gets begotten, is born. "machu kachu kuramu agIa autrasi."-maru solhe m 5. ~ [autana] See ~. ~ [autrE] See ~. ~ [CJutaku] P Jib,' n a home, an abode. 2 a tent. 3 S a parlour for men. "kIthE ghaw autaku."-suhi CJ m 1. 'residences for women and men respectively.' 4 residence. "dukh bhukh dalad ghal)a dojak autak."-BG See ~.5A JLPpluralof~or~.gentlemen, gentry. 6 the nobility, rich people. 7 high-bred horses, hawks, etc. ~ [autar] Skt ~ n taking Ibirth. 2 coming down from above. 3 per Hindu belief, incarnation of some god in human form. "hukamI upae das autara."-maru solhe m 1. See ihftFr l'ifi8'fQ and -err ~. ~ [autharo] See~. ~ [audas] Skt ~ adj disenchanted, apathetic, uninterested. "dhar ek as audas cItt."-dCJtt. $ [audh] Skt~ n the principal town of the Koshal kingdom, the capital of Ram ChandaI'. "audh te nIsar cale line sag sur bhale."-ramav. See ~rr:;rr. 2 area around Ayodhya; the 1K0shal country. See mm-. 3 Skt a boundary, border, limit. 4 life's duration, life-span, age. "audh ghatE drnasu rEl)a re." -sohrla.
end, finis as 'enlarging the lamp'means 'putting it out. "dusat sabha mIlI matI' upaIa karas-hI audh ghaneri."-bllET namdev. 'It was jointly n::solved to end Prahlad's life.' l1ffImit [audhri]! n a tanned hide of cow or buffalo. 2 a time-span, age. ~ [audhI] See~3. ~ [audhu] Skt ~ one who dusts cloth. In Sanskrit it means 'to cause shivering, dusting, exorcising the evil spirit.' So an avdhut is one who casts offevil from his mind. A recluse who at night rolls ash and dust on his body and leaves after dusting his body in the morning is also an avdhut. 2 a sanyasi. "bIn sabde ras na aVE audhu."-srdhgosCJtr. ~[audhut]See~. "so audhut Esi matI pavE."-ram m 1. ~ [audhuti] adj of theavdhut sect; free from worldly attachment. "na audhuti na sasari."-ram CJm 1. 2 naked and penniless like an avdhut, extlremely poor. "jete jia phIrhI audhuti ape bhJ:khIa pavL"-var sar m 1. ~ [audhutuJ See l?f~. ~ [audhes] nn~-EtJ:r, ~-EtJ:r n Dashrath. "uradh ge audhes."-ramav. 'Heavenward went Dashrath.' 2 adj King of Ayodhya. ~ [auI'] partand; that which joins two words. "danav aur dey mIl sabahIn."-sCJloh. 2 Skt l?itlO adj first. 3 last. 4 another. "aur sagal jagu maIa mohIa."--gCJu m 9. "aur dharam takE sam nahan."-sor m 9. ~ [aurat] P ,:-"jY n something deserving to be concealed. 2 a fema~e, woman, wife. "ete aurat marda saje e sabh rup tumare."-prCJbha kCJbir. 3 wife. "siCInatI kie turaku je hoega, aurat ka kIa kariE? "--asa kabir. 4 vagina; woman's genital organ. ~ [aurat] plural of~. "dasauratrakhhu badrahi."-maru solhe m 5. Here, the word
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denotes the ten senses.

~ [auw] See ~Q. "han bInu auw na
~ [aiar] See
ft:s".
~ [aia] adv having come, on coming.
dekha."-sor kabir. "bhaQ.E bhau paVE tItu aia."-bIla a m 4. ~ [aurag], ~ [auraga] Aurangzeb, the ~ [aiel Skt nJUf pron this. 2 to this, i.e. to emperor, generally mentioned in Sikh history, this world. "aie maie ek an jiu."-dhana as Aurang and Aurangzeb. "tab aurag man namdev. 'Bring this world and myself in mind mahI rIsava."-VN. as one.'2 $ [aul] See~. 2 See ~. 3 See ~. "re [ae] short form for~. "mIlh bahu satru 4 a sub-caste of Jats. ae."-GPs. 2 Skt:iir a polite form of address. ~ [aulI], ~ [aulia] A 1(JI plural ofm. ))fA" [as] Skt ~ adj like this, similar to this, as In Arabic it means a master, an owner, a this. "as sOdar nahI kou."-saloh. 2 v ~ is. husband, helper, friend, holy man, religious "bah gahe ki laj as."-ramav. 3 n a sword. See leader. "avalI aulI dinu kan mItha."-var l?fft:r. "sag samhi sEph as."-sanama. 4 a horse. majh m 1. "sekh masaIk aulie."-var guj 2 See ~. "aspatI gajpatI."-tI1Jg namdev. mS. 5 the name of a king, See '97i'T (E). 6 P JI ~ [aulag] n a blemish, stigma. "aulag pron his. "xake raha:;; tutyae ca:;;me mast." vIckara."-BG. 'There is blemish in the -zfdgi. 'Dust underneath His feet is collyrium moon.' for my eyes.' 7 Skt 3Nl; vr to spread, reach, get, collect, undergo, eat; from the same root ~ [aur] n lack of rain. 2 drought. "auri akk suphulH bharra."-BG 'In dry season akk plant are formed words like 01F.lt, l'>IF.fO, and ~ etc. (calotropis procera) blossoms, but withers 8 Skt ~ vr to go, shine, take, be, throw, let away with rains.' I go, halt, bring out, put or keep, cut, divide into parts,join. From the same root are words ~ [aura] adj incomplete. 2 not ; full, as l?fft:r, ))fJJ, ))fJJQ etc. derived. not incomplete, complete. ~ [aurIa] without deficiency, not l)fJJU [asah] Skt 'i)f}'f(Jjf. adj unbearable. "asah dukkh bhogat bII-lavE."-GPs. incomplete. 2 deficient, lacking. "terah tal ~ [a:;;-had] A .;.(1 pertaining to martyrdom. auna. "-BG 'Incomplete are the thirteen "kalma a:;;-had akhkE."-mago. 'having termed beats of music.' ~ [aIal)a] See ~. it as the sacred exhortation for martyrdom.' ~ [aIan] Skt ~ lack of knowledge; t'ffiJTS" [as-hab] plural of 1'I"f9~. 2 in Islamic literature, this term is used for prophet ignorance, stupidity. Muhammad's close friends. ~ [aIanat], ~ [aIanath] Skt })fF.Iq [a:;;ak] P ...6J n a tear. "a:;;ak jari surpatI ~ ignorance, lack of knowledge. ~ [aIana] adj ignorant, unintelligent. nazik burda:;;."-saloh. 'With flowing tears, they took him to Indar.' 2 n a child; one who is innocent and innocuous. ~ [aIaII], l'lffunrrffi [aIali] n a goat-herd, l'>I'FICE [asakat] Skt ~ adj without strength, weak, unable. "tfh a:;;akat lakh yak alava." shepherd. "dube tahf aIalI caraI."-NP "ret [ail Skt nJUf pron this. 2 adv here, at this -GPs. 2 Skt ~ adj without bondage; free. 3 Skt ~ adj in love, infatuated. "su sapat place. 3 short form for~.
larak javas pat bIn bhaIU.-tulsi. 2S ee, Gita Ch 7,
~. 7.
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kaq.l).o kathyo asakat 10k hVE rahyo."-br;:lham. 'Valmik uttered, that is, composed RamayaT) comprising seven chapters and on read ing people got enamoured of it.' ~ [a$akun] Skt n an inauspicious symptom, ill-omen. See f1.n=raTi'i". ~ [a$aky] Skt adj beyond one's power or reach, irremediable. ~ [asagan] See ~. >m=raJT [asga] MI1=JaT n a crowd, an assembly, a multitude. 2 ad; all, entire. "asga as usga." -dh;:lna namdev. 'All this is His.' 3 See fR. l'>fFI(JfI(f [asgah], fHo~[asgahu] adjfathomless, unfathomable. "SUl).IE hath hOVE asgahu." -j;:lpu. 'Measuring the fathomless leads to the knowledge of the Divine.' ~ [asg;')dh] Skt 3T~m a medicinal plant, physalis tlexuosa, hot and damp in effect, used for curing ills like cough, asthma, worms in the abdomen, etc. It strengthens and invigorates male potency. ))fJ1tRJfI' [ascaraj] Skt ~ n surprise, wonder, amazement. IFItRf [asjar] adj unbearable, intolerable. })fFf trfa" [as jan] n burning sensation, mental torment, agony. See rlJ. "as jan par jan jan jab rahE, tab jaI jotI ujarau lahE."-gau bav;:ln k;:lbir. 'When a man burns in envy and pain got from others and also burns within his own self, then descends the bright light (of spiritual knowledge).' rffi:ro [asajjan] Skt ~ not a good person; a wicked man. fRC [asat] Skt J~ adj eight. fRC Wl:it [asat sakhi] ~-FfTfurQ n eight gods providing evidence of fate awaiting human beings for their actions in this life. Per Hindus scriptures they are: 1 the earth. 2 the sky. 3 the moon. 4 the sun. 5 the fire. 6 the air. 7 the dawn. 8 the radiance. "tab sakhi prabhu
asat banae, sakh naffiIt dEbe thahIrae. te kahf kara hamari puja, ham bIn apar na thakur duja."-VN.
tl1C WH
wft::r
l:fijT(!'
R'tlfu
'S"t!
[asat saj sajI pural). sodh-hI kar-hI bed abhIas]-dh;:lna m 1. sen In grammar eight points of articulation are: throat, heart, head, tongue, teeth, nose, lips and palate. 2 Eight deformations marking the recitation of the Veds are: jata, mala, $Ikha, rekha, dhvaja, d;')q., rath and ghan. 3 eight grammars I authored by Indar, ChandaI', Kashkritsan, Apishali, Shaktayan, Panini, Amar and Jainendar reslJectively. Grammars listed in Bhavishy Puran are Aindar, Yagy, Raudar, Vasavy, Brahm, Varun, Savitray and Vaishnav. 4 Eight aids or parts to help reading and interpretation are hrasv, diragh, plut, uddat, anuddat, svarIt, anunasIk and <;In-nUnasIk. 5 Eight forms of Vedic metres are; ar$i, dEVi, asuri, prajapaty81? yaju$i, samni, arci and brahmi. fRCffltti'3" [asat sIdhat] principle of a$tag yog. 2 eight summarised parts of Yog ShastaI'. 3 a$tag marag of Buddhism. See l'JiRCiaT. tl1C ffifu ![asat srddhI] Eight miraculous powers attained through yog are: (1) al).Ima-- to become very small. (2) mahIma- to become very large. (3) ganma- to become heavy. (4) laghIma- to become light. (5) praptI- to obtain anything desired. (6) prakamy- to know others' thoughts. (7) i$Ita- to command everyone according to one's desir1e. (8) Va$Ita- to bring everyone under own control. "asat SIdhI nav nIdhI eh, karamI
'~~ 'flIWk,"'1lrq~lR1~~. c . I ~ ~ "Ph4tsClfil
~:-Poet
Kalpdrum.
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four faces, thus eight eyes. "trClsyo ClSClt nEDa."-c.Jbis. ~ [ClsatpCldi] Skt~. n a hymn ofeight stanzas. 2 eight stanzas written in a singular order. In Guru Granth Sahib many stanzas figure under the heading aSCltpadi. Guru Nanak Dev's following asatpCldi ;s in Maru Rag, Nishani metre. Ih mClnu ClvguDI badhIa sClhu deh SClrirE.... ~fRfu. The following aSCltpadi is in Malar Rag 1')jHct:!HifRfQ [asatdasasIdhI] eighteen sIdhis sar metre: or spiritual powers. "asatdasa SIdhI kartalE CClkvi nEn nid nahI cahE, sabh knpa tumari."-bIla ravdas. See ~ bInu pHU nid nCl pai. fRfu. sur CClrE pnu dekhE nEni l1IFI'<:t:!W lfC 3'10 ~ [Clsatdasa khClt tin upae] nIVI nIVI lagE pai.... -bIla thIti ill 1. Eighteen PuralJs, six shastrs The same Guru's next ClsCltpadi in Gauri Rag is in c.Jpai metre: result from three gunas or qualities. See oft3r ch 2 $ 45. 2 eight direction providers, ten na mCln marE na karClj hOI, man VClSI duta durmCltI doI. ... incarnations and three gods. Likewise ClSCltPCldi of Sukhmani are in the >m=rc~ [ClSClt du] eight and two, ten. "kahu aSClt du avtar kCltthE kClthaDa."-gyan. 'They narrate form of c::>pai metre. the stories often incarnations.' See tH"~. ~ [asCltbhuji] Skt ~ n Durga, who has eight anns. See ~. >m=rc t:JTg [asat dhatu] eight metals, which as ancient scholars mention are: gold, silver, >m1<:H [Clstam] Skt l?fJPf adj eighth. copper, aluminium, mercury, tin, iron and l'>IR<:'l-it [astami] Skt ~ n eighth of the light or dark phase ofthe moon. "astami aSClt SIdhI lead. 2 The following primary substances nClV nIdhI."-gau thIti ill 5. constitute the body: skin, hair, blood, veins, bones, limbs, fat, semen. "ClstClmi, aSClt dhatu >m=rc ~ [asClt magal] See ~ 1-fcm? ki kaIa."~gau thiti kabir. 3 For some scholars, ~ [astaIdhj ~-l?fl"!!!1l. eight weapons these are the eight constituents of the body: ofwar. "astaIdh camkE."-akaf. eight weapons bodily secretion, blood, flesh, fat, bone, in Durga's eight hands, one held in each. "ghata gada tnsul ClSI sakh jaraSCln ban, marrow, semen and vigour. 4 In Gurbani asatdhat comprises four castes and four cClkr bakr kar me II ye janu grikham n tu bhan." -cJc;1i J. 'Bell and conch are also taken religions. "ClSClt dhatu patsah ki ghariE sabCldI as weapons because they help in warfare.' vIgas."-sri a ill 1. "asat dhatu Ik dhatu See l?fl"!!!1l. karaya."-BG In Sikhism all these eight merge ~ [astag] Skt ~ n eight limbs or parts; into one. eight parts of yog are yam (control), myam ~ [ClsCltnadi] See rid "i'itft. (rule), asan (posture), praDayam (restraining >m=rc ~ [Clsat nED], >m=rc ~ [ClSClt nm] eight~ breath), pratyahar (restraining sense organs), eyed; Brahma. In the Purans he is shown with
~
parapatI JIS nam deh. "-basfit ill 5. [astak] See ~. >m=rc ~ [asat karan] ~ one who has eight ears; Brahma; Chaturanan. >m=rc g1? [asat kul] See ~. ~ [asatdas] eighteen, ~. 2 eighteen Purans. "asatdasi cahu bhed na paIa."-asa ill 1. 3 eighteen sIddhis or spiritual powers. "car padarath asat dasa sIdhI."-sor ravdas. See
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dhan;ta (determination), dhyan (meditation), and samadhI (suspen~ion of body and soul connection). 2 Eightfold path in Buddhism is realised through resolve, thought, action, vocation, exertion, vision, recollection and contemplation. See "if'll 3. ~ l:f(!1}f [astag pra}).amJ Skt ms~ "9'JT111 n a salutation done with eight body-parts: knees, feet, hands, chest, head, speech, eyesight and conscience. This is also called. "danc;l.vat pranarn." l?IRZidlGidl [astagyog] eightfold yog. See l?IFI<~. ))fRCT8" [astath] eight hands. "astath hathya.r~ s~bhare."-caQi 2. l?IlJCTtft!" [astapad] Skt~ n gold, which has the highest rank among the eight metals. :z a grasshopper, an insect with eight feet. ~~ a locust. 4 a thorn apple, datura stramonium. 5 Kailash mountain. 6 chess, a game with eight columns, each of eight places. 7 chaupar, a game played with dice. "kItak kal astapad khela."-GPs. 8 an eight-footed animal having four feet on the side of the chest and four on the back. See fi:r>:~. l?I'RGW [astam] E stamp; a stamped paper. 2 a postage stamp. 3 a ticket. ~ [astavakr] Skt ~ n a rishi whose body had eight twists. He was the son of Kahod, a Brahman, born to Sumati (Sujata), daughter of Uddalak. Thus goes his story in the Mahabharat. Once while Ashtavakar was nn his mother's womb, Kahod was teaching Vedic texts to his disciples. The foetus of Ashtavakar told his father that he was reciting the Ved incorrectly. Kahod got angry and cursed the child to have crooked limbs. So eight parts of the newborn got crooked. According to Vishnu Pural), once, standing in water, while Ashtavakar was praying, four fairies paid obeisance to him. He
was pleased and he told the fairies to ask for any boon and he would grant it. They said that they wanted to marry the most handsome man. At this Ashtavakar came out of water and presented himselfas a prospective groom. They laughed at his crooked body. Ashtavakar got angry but remembering his promise, he resumed his cool and said, "Your wish will be fulfilled but you will fall in the hands of thieves." These fairies later became consorts of Krishan and after the destruction ofthe Yadavs, while Arjun was carrying them from Dvarka to Astinapur, they were captured by dacoits. It is written in Brahm Vaivart Puran, that Devm; son ofrishi Asit was observing austerities on the Gandhmadan mountain. When the fairy Rambha came there she got infatuated on seeing him. When she found that her desire would not be fulfilled, she cursed the rishi and his handsome body became crooked. Thus it was that Deval bec:ame known as Ashtavakar. l?IFI'ic' [ast~t] E assiistant, helper, deputy. 'fRO [asath] f-F.rc5. adj without deceit or wickedness; simple. "OI khare asathe."-BG 2 See l?IRC. l?fffi!' [asa}).] Dg n hail, a hailstone, sleet. 2 See
))fFf(').
[asat] Skt l?I'lJ. adj destroyed. 2 hidden, invisible, missing. ;~ n an act of disappearing, 4 the setting of the sun. "asat udot bhIa uthI cale."-maru ajuli net 5. 5 Skt nffiJ existence, power. 6 Skt l?fFl3":;r. adj falsehood, untruth. 7 Skt l'lifPtr n bone. See ~ 6. 8 Skt 3TWf, adj untrue, bad, wicked. 9 See oJ. l)fFJ'3(') [astan] Skt 1f'> n a teat. 2 SkjllJH?l n the setting of the sun, moon, etc. vanishing, disappearing. ~ [astbal]. A J~!z-,?, n a stable, horse-stable. l)fFI'3"8'Ij1 [astbaj] Se(;~ ~r;:r. ~ [astbaji] See l?II3H8 1i:f1.
l?I'R3'
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1. 2 l?ff'Fcr bone. "asatI caram bIsta ke mude.,,_keda kabir. down. See n;f ~' "asat brasat su hUI anmiIa."-NP. ~ [astin] See fTR"3lo. "nIj astin halavan })fFI3}fO [astman] Skt~ n a palanquin. "jy5 karkE."-GPS. hVE sramIt astman dhar hl."-carItr 117. ~ [astural See~. "tej astura ek magaYO.,,_carrtr 190. 2 setting, disappearing. See 'IJ13(') 2. ~ [astarl n a poetic metre also known as ~ '[astotr] Skt 1J~ n praise. 2 a hymn of bhujag prayat. It has four lines and each line praise. See lJ. is organised as: ISS, ISS, ISS, ISS. l')f"ffifw [astaja] See feAfJH'. Example: ~ [astabhl Skt 1f~ n a pillar, column. 2 a base, basis, support. 3 halting, obstruction. maha ghor kEkE ghana ki ghata jy5, 4 being like root; stationary. su dhaya ral).a brjjuli ki chata jy5, sune sarb dano sam:>h sIdhae, iR'3" [asatt], lFI3JT [asaty] adj not true; false. maha krodh kEkE su baji nacae.-madhata. 2 opposite of the truth; a lie. 2 P 7' a mule. Skt~. 3 the inner lining of ~ [astra] Skt ~ n a weapcn meant for throwing such as a quoit, arrow, ball, etc. See a quilt or jacket. 4 See ~' ~ [astvanl Skt~ n praise, appreciation. ~' 2 In the Purans, weapons, working by "asatvan puj kar."-saloh. 2 the act of praising. spells or by recitation of mantars are also termed astra, such as mohanastra (one of the l)fR3T [astal a poetic metre variously known as five arrows of cupid), pavakastra (fire), astra, krIka, tarak and totak. It has four lines, varul).astra (water), parvastra (mountain), each organised as: 115, 115, 115, 115. vajrashtra (thunderbolt), etc. People at that Example: time believed that such weapons hurled after aSI IE kalki kar kop bhuyo, reciting mantars proved very destructive. ral). rag surag bIkhE bIcryo, Defence was possible if an opposing weapon gahI pal).r krIpal). bIkhE na qaryo, after reciting the mantars was likewise hurled. rIS s5 ral). cItr VIcrtr karyo.-kalki. For example a fire-weapon could be undone l')IRd 'l1a ' [astaul).a] v l')fT-F'EP'HO to stay; to stop; by a water-weapon etc. Detail ofthese missiles to relax. "ghari dOI astaIke unha bacan kita."-JSBB. is given in Sarabloh and charitr 405. "aganr astra chaqa tab danav, jiite bhae ~ [astacal] Skt ~ n the mountain bhasam bahu manav. yawl). astra tab kal behind which the sun sets according to the Purans. calayo, sagal aganI ko tej mItayo. rachas pavan astra sadhana, jiite uqat bhae gal). nana. ~ [astama] See "jujhat sall bhayo bhudarastra tab kal prahara, sabh sIvkan ko astama."-janmejay. pral). ubara. megh astra chora tab danav, bhij ~ [astaval P -:,Dj' (the actual word is ~ gae jIh te sabh manav, vayu astra IE kal calayo, ~, '~' replacing ':G'). a narrow mouthedjug sabh meghan tatkal uqayo."-carrtr 405. with a curved spout used by Muslims for ~ H'O [astra man] equipped with missiles, ablution. ~ [asatI], 1'>fFf3l [ash] n nrf'FJ being, See~. 2 Skt ~ who himself is like an astra. "namo astramane."-japu. existence. "asatI ek drgar kui."-var majh m
>mE' ~ last bIasat] topsy turvy, upside
n:tcrw.
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[Clstra] See fH3T. [ClstvapadClk] Skt n something which is real but does not appear to be so due to Ignorance. >m1EI' [ClSClth] n rtFa-. a bone. 2 adj not firm; unsteady, fickle. ~ [ClsthClkit] Skt 'PElfdr3" adj tired, weary. 2 covered. l)Iffifi'i [dsthdn] Skt n a teat. "bInu ClsthCln gClU IClveri."-bc:Js,;jt kC'Jbir. See Ftfu l:fffif. ~ [ClsthClI] Skt 'Pa1') n a place. 2 dry land. 3 earth. 4 See ~. 5 not a nice place; unpopulated waste land. "se asthClI SOIn cClubare."-majh m 5. ~ [ClsthClli] Skt Faffi. n a place, spot. 2 a boundary line. 3 earth. ~ [Clsthai] Skt ~,adj stable, lasting, enduring. 2 resident, inhabitant. 3 See))fR1El"it ~. 4 ~ in music the earlier part of recitation in Dhrupad. 5 a refrain. ~ ~ [Clsthai bhav] n In poetics, the nine bases of emotion, Le. rCltI (passion), hasi Goy), ~ok (distress), krodh (anger), utsah (enthusiasm), bhdy (fear), nfda (scorn), VI smClY (wonder) and nIrved (non-chalance). They result in aesthetic pleasures named after these sites. See ~m. >mrnTO [Clsthan] Skt FErO n a residence, place to stay. "Clsthan han nIh kevla."-guj a m 1. l1IJ:rEl"tfO [ClsthapCln] n the act of establishing. ))J1'f81}{T [Clsthama]1 See ~Cf'W. ~ [ClsthaICly] >'>I'f'Fg-~. a house of bones, grave. "pahdnko dsthaldy ko srr nat phrryo kClChu hath nCl ayo."-sc:Jvtye 33. ~ [ClsthavClr] Skt ~ adj stable, static, immovable. "Clsthavdr jagClm kit pCltaga."-gc:Ju kc:Jbir. 2 n immovable objects of nature ilike trees, mountains, etc. l)fRfu [dsthI] n >nfFa' a bone. ~ [dsthIt] Skt fFaO adj situated,
~
established, firm. "asthIt bhde bInsi sdbh cfd."-bhEr m 5. "cdrdnkdmClI asthIt rId atdrI."-sar m 5. 2 >n-fPa'3' unstable. ~ [dsthItI] Skt f'F"Eff3' n stability, steadiness. "kdhil asthItI paiE."-brha, chat m 5. 2 })f-fp"El'f3' instability. ~ [dsthIr], >nFrf'ag [dsthrru] Skt ~ adj stable, eternal. "asthrr jo manIo deh so tdU terClu hOI hE kheh."-jE'ja m 9. 2 fixed, stable, firm. "dstlnr rClh-hu Qolhu mdt kdb-hu." -dhc:Jna m 5. 3 rt1::rtre" adj not firm, transitory, volatile, unstable. "asthrru kdre nIhcdlu Ih mdnua."-dhc:Jna Ul 5. 'Stabilise this infirm mind.' ~Hf3" [asthIrumdtI] a firm resolve or belief, firm faith. 2 capricious thinking. ~ [dsthur], ))fR1~R'l [dsthul] Skt~ and ~ adj fat. 2 dense. :~ broad, extensive. 4 huge, massive. "nandk so sukhdm soi asthul." -sukhmC'Jni. ~ [dsthabh] See~. "Clsthabha sdbdd sadhu svajanClh."--sc:Jhc:Js m 5. "nabhI kdmc:JI asthabh na hoto, til pavClnu kdvdnu ghdrI sdhIta?"-srdhgosc:Jtr. ~ [dsthabhCln], l?iFIth-ro [dsthamCln] Skt ~ n the act of stopping, hindering. 2 support, basis. "baI rup ClsthabhClnClh."-sc:Jhc:Js m 5. "guru ka sClbCld manhI asthaman."-sukhmc:Jni 3 petrify. ~ [asCld] Skt adjnot~(the best) 2 n a lion, tiger. 3 Leo, the fifth sign of the Zodiac. >m=I'1:fIO [dsCldkhan] Nawab Asad Khan, whose title was Asafuddaula. Ibrahim was his original name. During the reign of Shahjahan, he held the rank of a commander of four thousand and ofseven thousand troops respectively. During the initial compaign of Banda Bahadur, he was subedar of DeIhL Bahadur Shah appointed him as chief attorney, a rank above that of a minister" He died in 1717 AD.
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l)fJf,: [a!?add] A pI adj very much, beyond
measure. has no equal; unique, unparalleled, unequalled. })fRO [asan] Skt l1iF.IO n a meal; food, things worth-eating. "asan basan dhan dham kahu me na dekhyo."-BGK. 2 Skt 31~Fl, blood. 3 Skt 31Wl the act of throwing. See lIiFf vr. l'>fR'i'iT [asna], !'R'i'iTfu [asnaI] P ~jn a friend. 2 an acquaintance. 3 a swimmer. ~ [asnai] P J~j n friendship, intimacy. 2 acquaintance. "jo kIChu hoa sabh kIchu tujh te teri sabh asnai. "-hIla m 1. 3 the art and skill of swimming. l)fFfOl'U [asnah], ~ [asnaha] Skt ~u n love, affection, intimacy. 2 a paramour, chum, friend. See JlF.IOT. "sabh mIthIa asnaha."-asa m 5. "guru kupa te mohI asnaha."-gau m 5. >m1c'i'i'i [asnan] See ~ and FJ?iTi'). 2 A (,;)1;.-1 a tooth. ~ [asneh] Skt ~ n love, affection, attachment. "nam na pavhI bInu asneh."-gau m 3. 2 lIiFf (such)~; such love. ~ [asnehI], ~ [asnehi] Skn-i'l"W1, adj dear friend, relative, well wisher. "sabh mIthIa asnehi."-sor m 5. ~ [asnehu] See~. iFItI' [asap] ~ n a horse, stallion. 2 knight (in the chess game) >m=J1.IE' [aspat], 1?fRlri'3' [aspatI] adj lord of horses. 2 n the sun. "aspatI gajpatI narhI narfd."-ti1g namdev. 'There are lords of horses, elephants and men, but that ofNamdev is the lord of all the chiefs.' ~ [aspad] See flF11..rt!". })fFIl..RJff [asparas] Skt :m=rm adj untouched; not touching. 2 a sect that avoids touching metals etc. 3 In Sikhism, a person who restrains his senses from indulging in evil. See ~.
~ [asdrr!?] Skt ~ adjwho
>m=rtrT [aspa] plural ofiFltl'. ))fFJtI1(!' [aspaI).] See ~. })fFI1fT3' [aspat] Skt ~ n a sheet of steel, from which swords are made. See ~. nn:n.ft [aspi] adj a keeper of horses. 2 n a cavalier. ~ [asprrh] Skt ~ adj without greed; uncovetous. 2 desireless. ~ [asphal] adj fruitless; in vain. 2 worthless. 3 abortive. ~'6'3' [asphurat], ~fu3" [asphurrt] Skt ~ adj suddenly struck (idea), intuitive. 2 capricious, transient. 3 revealed. 4 r-~. which is not within the grasp of knowledge. ~ [asphot], ~ [asphotak] Skt I'F'WC adj not clear, not well known. 2 sundry, perfunctory. See asphotak kabbIt in Dasam Granth. ~ljfIQ [asphad yar]P .I1frl son ofGustasap, king ofIran. He was a valiant person who on the orders of his father went to capture Rustam, but was killed by the latter. Asfand Yar greatly promoted the fire worshipping Parsi cult. His name appears in the eighth Hikayat. ))fF[S' [asab] P ,-:"",' n horse. ~ [asbab] P ",:",V' n plural ofRWreasons. 2 goods, provisions. ~ [asabhy]. Skt adj lacking in etiquette, uncultured, vulgar, uncouth, ill-mannered. l)fFI}f [asam] Skt unequal, uneven. 2 an odd number. 3 Skt n a stone. 4 a mountain. 5 a cloud. ~ [asamajh] adj ignorant, unwise, stupid. 2 devoid of knowledge. "manu asamajh sadhu sagI patiana."-ram m 5. ~ [asmad] Skt ~ pron we, the like of us. 2 our, ours. rm-retr [asmarath] Skt 3HPP.f adj unable,
4 ~ adjunworthy of touch; untouchable.
incapable, weak. 2 unintelligent, dull-'.Iacking
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the ability for work. })fF(}fl(!" [asmal)] See 'l'lfFIHTO. l1fFI}f'IO [asman] P dr-I n the sky, that revolves like a grindstone. "asman jImi darakhat." -tilag m 5. 2 Skt })f-F/}-fTi'). unequal, not plain. 3 unparalleled, superb, unique, infatuation, violence, greed, vanity. "kahI kabir khojau asman."-gau. 4 n one who does not regard anyone as an equal; vanity, arrogance. "has het asa asman."-gau m 1. 'violence, infatuation, greed and vanity.' l1fFI}f'IO 1;fio [asman xan] See >m'Il-f1?) J:Po. >m=rfJ.ar [asmIta] Skt ~ n considering the visible and the invisible as one; according to Yog Shastar this is one of the five torments, and is named hridaygrathI in Vedant. l2fR'Iftr [asmedh] See ~. ~ [asmajas] Skt 31i;-P"l6(\iffl adjinappropriate, improbable, unsuitable. "sun masi, asmanjas gatha."-NP. 2 incoherent, impertinent. 3 tactless. 4 n improper time. 5 son of Sagar born to Keshini; he was an evil person, so his father drove him out of his house. After his father's death, he ascended the throne. . According to Harivansh, he became a valiant fighter. His son's name was Anshuman. See
R'aRr.
~ [asyupasak] Skt l?f~'ltr-7..fl1.lC{ adj
"asaral) sarJt;ta ek dai."-gyan. ~ [a~Clraf] A ..J/' adj (one) who is profoundly noble; unique; who has no parallel. ~ [a~arfi] P j/, n a gold coin; This coin was first introduced in Spain. It was equal to three rupees at current rates. In India, several emperors issued it in their name, but its value has never been constant like that of silver coins. It has fluctuated with the rise/fall in the price of goild. "kac,1h asarphi dhani kahayo."-caritr 38. ~13' [a~rafulmaxlukat] A ..::.-lr,d..J/' adjthe best ofthe created beings; man, human being. ~ [asrau] Skt fTlIUT n support, succour, basis. "VICI saca asrau."-var ram 1 m 3. 2 refuge. "coke sabh asrau."-sri a m 5. "jakau kOI na rakhe praI~i tIsu tu dehI asrau."-sar m5. ~ [asranadi] according to Ratan Mala, the wind discharged from the anus. See
})flJ~.
~ [a~raf] A ..J~;:' adjplural of~; gentle
training, cavalry. 2 >lffi:r-~' a worshipper of the sword; a practitioner of weaponry. l)fFRf [asar] A /1 n an effect. 2 pressure. 3 a mark, spot. 4 a connection, relation. 5 history. 6 A / to squeeze. 7 to stop. 8 to give. })fFRJ(Jf [asarag] Skt>m=raf adj sans FJof (creation), uncreated. "namastavasarge."-japu. SeeffilOT. l')fR'6(!" [asaral)] Skt ~ adjwho does not find refuge anywhere; helpless. See ~ FRJ<!', })jHd<!Hd<! [asaral). saran], })jHd<'iHd<'i [asaran saran] adj the protector of those whom no one gives shelter; a shelterer of the shelterless.
and noble persons. adv continuously, without break. 2 A .Jy-' n plural oflrmr, secrets, hidden hopes. 3 A -".1"'" persistence, insistence. 4 A .J~' plural ofF.Rflo. l?fRaTli'5' [asral] adj terrible, dreadful. 2 P yJ.71 or ~.lJj, n a python. 3 ~ the place of the demons. 4 hell, thc~ Hades. "bhe sagar asral paIa."-ram a m I, See~. ~ [asrit] such a custom, such usage. 2 Skt ~ adj gluttonous. 3 a village menial, dependent on others. 4 a special menial Brahmin by caste, iincharge of kitchen on the occasion ofa marriage or mourning. "hOI asrit purohIta."-BG ~ [asrup] Skt 1J~r-r n a form, figure. "paul) pal)i agni asrup."-oakar. "varan bhekh asrup
})fffiI'IQ [asrar]
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horse. 2 knowledge of horse riding. 3 a na japi."-sidhgosatI. 2 one's own image. conveyance, fit for riding. 3 adj ~tf without form; shapeless. 4 fIj fFIT rasa] short form for 1?fTF.lT. "man mahI (breath)~, the embodiment of life. })fffi5" [asI] A ~, adj pure, true, real. See ~. rakhau ek asa re."-dev m 5. 2 See nmt. amongst us. "asa joru nahi je kIChu kan sak2 n a root, See~. 3 principal amount. 4 a hI."-suhi m 4. race, tribe, lineage. 5 respect, reputation. 6 A ~ honey. 7 adj good, gentle. 8 Skt n l1IW [asa] pron plural of }f we. "asa bhI oth ja!).a."-vaQ m 1 alahl)ia. iron. 9 a weapon. l)fF[lffiJ [asasah] See ~. })fRIDf [aslam] A (i adjvery simple. 2 highly virtuous. 3 very secure. l)f'R1'W [asasa] A .:1:-1 n property. 2 assets, })fRIDf l:fT [aslam xa] See fuRwlf w. emlllence. ~ [asalI] adv in fact, really. "naoak te oar ~ [asastri] Skt~, adj (one) who does asalI khar jI bInu gu!). garabu karat."-sava not know the Shastars (religious texts); m 1. See 1m) 1. uneducated, illiterate. 2 (one) who goes ~ [asav] Skt~. wine, liquor. "pIpat asva against the Shastars. 3 believing in fake bhata."-datt. See~. Shastars. ~ [asvad] A Jr" adj thick black (~means l?fRI(J' [asah], ~ [asah] Skt~ in us, among us. "augu!). sabh asah."-sri m 1. black) 2 n a black stone, about six or seven inches in length, fixed in the wall of Kaba. ~ [asajy] adj impossible to create; According to Abbas Muhammad, it was white irreparable, impossible. "asajya sajI samjIa."-sahas m 5. See FI'Hft:!>ow. when it fell from the heaven but gradually turned black because of touching by human ~ [asac;lra] adj ours. "je tu mItr asac;lra." -var maru 2 m 5. beings. After the dissolution of the world, while God will be administering justice to ~ [asac;lre] adj ours. "mItr asac;lre sei." people, this stone will acquire two eyes and a -var guj 2 m 5. tongue. With its eyes, it will identify persons >'>t"R"'iJT [asac;la] adj See ~. who kissed it and with the tongue it will give ))fJ.lifu [a~atI] Skt 3rmR1 n lack of peace, evidence in favour of such devotees. restlessness, commotion. l1fH1tT [asadh] Skt l?fFf'tl"jf adj which cannot be ~ [asvar] P ",Iyf a horse rider. adj( one) who proved, intractable. 2 that cannot be cured. is riding a horse. 2 riding some conveyance. 3 n cavalry soldier. Skt ~9<IR one who bridles "asadh rag upjIO tan bhitan tarat na kahu a horse. tario."-maru m 5. See !J1T9'. ))jHiQid<! [asadhara!).] adj uncommon, ~ [asvara] n an attack, a march, procession. "xalse ne ajj asvara karna hE." exceptional. 2 special, extraordinary. -provo 2 death, breathing one's last. "navi >m=JTfl:r [asad hI] l?fFf'tl"jf. See >ifRTtT. pat1?ahi da asvara kIS prakar hOIa?" ))fR"'"g [asadhu] Skt adj unholy, bad, wicked, -bhagtavli. 3 a copy of Guru Granth Sahib. villainous. "bahuro Ie javhu asvara."-GPs. 4. Guru ))ffITl:f.if [asadhy] See >ifRTtT. ))IFITO [asan] A (;}l,..>1 Skt a benefaction, a virtuous Granth Sahib being taken in a procession. act. 2 kindness. 3 P (;}v1 adj easy, convenient, ~ [asvari] P i.5.h' n the act of mounting a
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~t!"
65
l1Ifi::r~
facile. [asanmad], ~ [asanvad] P ...;;\"?I adj indebted, obliged, grateful. l2IWHt [asami] A dL..:r n plural of fuHH; plural of})fffi/T. 2 a rank, post, an appointment. 3 a person paying hiring charges, revenue etc. 4 a party taking side in a legal case. l')f'J1T6" [asar] S adj unconscious, oblivious, inattentive. "na soi asar."-s kabir. 2 Skt without 'fITO (essence); inessential. 3 shoddy, cheap. 4 n a castor oil plant. 5 sandalwood. 6 an incense stick. 7 Skt J?iTFITO rain shower. "nmahu nil' asar bahE."-asa kabir. 8 A A.I plural of~, mark, sign, symptom. ~ [asarat] A "::"'.I~, n a sign, signal. "karhf ucaI, asarat dal dai."-caritr 151. 'By raising his hand, (he) gave a signal to the troops.' ))fW6'ET [asarath] Skt ~ n worthless things, vain possessions. 2 a worthless action. "suarath tIagI asarathI racIo, nahI SImrE prabhu. "-sar m 5. IFr'aft:r [asarathI] in vain, See fl1TQEf. l')fR'l';I [asar] Skt 'rrwta n the month ofHarh , the fourth month of Bikrami year. Full moon marks its utra1?aQha. ~ [asara], wr;ft [asari] adj our, ours. "nahi kIChu asara jiu."-majh m 5. "rakh-hu saram asari. "-maj11 m 5. rfi:r [asI] See vr fF!" n a cutting weapon, sword. "a51 knpan khaqo kharag tupak tabar aru tir."-sanama. 2 a stream that flows near Kashi. "banara5I aSI basta."-g5c;l namdev. 3 in the phrase. "tatvmasI." {~ :j -ffi:r) which means 'that is you', it is second person singular 'thou'. "sam ju bed tatvmaS1 mane."-GPs. ~ [asIkni] Skt 3lfucFfT See~. Chenab river. 2 night. 3 a female servant or slave of ladies of the harem. ~ [asIketuJI n one who has rfI:r (sword)
~
in his ~ (flag); the deathless one, God. "sri aS1ketu jagat ke isa."-c:Jpai. 2 Guru Gobind Singh. rfi:l1:r [asIkkh] ad) who is not a Sikh; who has not imbibed the doctrine of Guru Nanak Dev. 2 See rfi:l'j1:g. rfi:ff'ts [asJ:kkhIt] Skt ~ adjwho has not received training. 2 uneducated, illiterate. 3 uncouth, uncivilised, vulgar. t'fi:r3' [asIt] adjnot white. 2 black. "asIt bastra tIh ag."-paras. 21 unlimited, endless. 4 Skt !fF.r3" blunt, not sharp. 5 eaten, contaminated. 6 n the name of a king of the Surya dynasty who was a son of Dhruvsandhi. After his defeat by the Haihay dan, he retreated to the Himalayas. IfRasifa [asItban] n a river carrying black water; Jamna (Yamuna) river-sanama. IfHasfaufur [asItbanpatI] master of Jamna river, Krishandev-sanama. ifi:Br [asIta] adjnot white, black. "asIta nISI mo sasI se bIgse."-samudr mathan. 2 n Jamna river. 3 Skt:~ adj an eater, a devourer. 4 Skt ~ a thrower. ffi:Jl:Rr [asIdhar], .~ [asIdhari] adj who wields a sword, swordsman. "anbIkar aSIdhari."-hazare. 2 n Mahakal; Shiv, the destroyer. :3 sword wielding, Khalsa. ~ [asIdhav] a nomad who polishes weapons. See JfFr and ~. ~ [asIdhuj] See ~. "sri aSIdhuj ju kariahu raccha."--c:Jpai. rfiio9' [asIni] n an army of swordmen-sanama. 2 an army of~ (horses), cavalry-sanama. rfi:r tr:I [asI patrl Skt n the blade of sword. 2 according to the Purans, hell spread over four thousand miles on the earth, having a dense forest oftr,e:es bearing swordlike leaves which, while falling upon the sinners, clip their limbs.
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66 [asIpal)I], ~ [asIpal)i], 'lfRtrrf'n Yam, the God ofdeath. 2 the destroyer oflife, a weapon-sanama. 3 a killer, thug-sanama. [asIpam] n Mahakal, the great destroyer holding a sword in hand. "SrI aSipal)I krIpa 4 the enemy of~ (horse), a tiger.-sanama. tumrI kar.'-ramav. 2 Guru Gobind Singh. ~ nf3'a" [asuarI atak]-sanama. enemy of 3 a baptized Sikh. })flJ (breath), the noose. ~ [a$Iva] adj inauspicious. "$iva ('fort!;ft) flJ>WRO [asuasan] an assurance. See fTR1R('). apva (~) pukarat bhai."-GPS. 'a female 2 ~-l'lfTRO a blanket to cover the saddle. 3 a jackal giving out ill-ornened sounds.' See fl:w. saddle; padded seat on the horse back. "IJft [asi] See l'>ffi:r. 2 See 11ft. 3 pron plural of ~ [asua] adj without ~ (son), childless. fr, we. "asi khate bahut kamavde."-sava m 5. 2 without ego, unselfconscious, free from pride. "ankal apal dIal asua."-akal. 4 adj who holds l'>ffi:r (sword). "asi gadi bci bal gaq.he."-carItr405. 'widder of the sword, ~ [asuhar]. one who takes })flJ (breath), a killer, an enemy. 2 Yam, the god of death. wearer of the armour.' l?fffu:r [asis], ~[asisri] Skt ~, n a 3 poison. blessing, prayer. "dehu sajal) asisria."_sohIla. ~ [a$UcI] Skt adj impure, profane. IFfto [asin] sat. See fTl'fto. 2 "asan q.as asin." ~ [asuda] n the provider of})flJ (vital air); amrit, nectar-sanama. -NP l21H1au'ta [asibahadur] Poets like Bhai Sukha ))fJJt!"'O [asudan] n~horse giving in charity. Singh having translated 'teg' into 'asi', have "asudan gajdan."-ram namdev. attributed thi's name to the ninth Sikh Guru. l?fElf [asudh] adj unconscious, unaware, >m=tbf [asim] adjendless, boundless, unlimited. senseless. 2 Skt 3NJ,~ adj impure, filthy. 3 incorrect, erroneous. ' "payo anad asim hE."-saloh. l'>IFfta" [;:;sir] A ~I adj great, high. 2 chosen, ~ [a$uddhI] n an impurity. 2 a lapse. choicest, best. 3 A 4' arrested, prisoner. ))f'Ij7i [asun] n Skt ~ n the month of Assu, seventh month of the Indian calendar, its full "gIrYo adh jyo hVE nrIpatI drIg yut bhayo moon is in Asvini lunar mansion. asir."-('arItr 30. 4 A .;.:"l near, close by. ))flJfo [asum] n during the month of Assu. 5 tangled hair. "asunI au pIra! sa dhan jhurI mui."-baramah l21Rlast:lo [asirbacan], ~ [asirbadl n a blessing, benediction, an initiatory sermon. tukhari. ~ [asil] Skt nfu;) n lack of ~ (good })flJO't [asuni] n cavalry.-sanama. conduct), without virtue. 2 adj of bad ~ [asunikumar] See rf>:rFogwo. "asuni kumar kete asa avtar kete."-akal. character; depraved. 3 A J:=t-J;"I adjvirtuous, nice, gentle. 4 a legitimate issue of wedded ~ [asupatI] n master of the horse, the parents; gentle, descent. sun. 2 master of life, the human soul. ))flJ [asu] See vr ~ n mind, heart. 2 vital 3 transcendent God. breath. "basu dE aSu dE jag me jas lijE."-krisan. ~ [asupavan] adj(horse) having the speed 3 Skt ilil[ a tear. "utsav samE janI asu roki." of wind; a very fast running horse. "asupavan hasatI asvari."-gau m 5. -Cps. 4 Skt~ a horse. "asu hasti rath asvari." ~ [a$ubh] Skt adj inauspicious, unpropitious. -sukhmani. 2 n an unlucky happening, a calamity. ~ [aSUdrI] n the enemy of vital breath;
~
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~ ft:l'3q
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fti3'a" [a:;>ubh chftak] adj hostile; (one) who wishes ill of others. })f}3~ ftf30 [a:;>ubh chftan] n illwill, hostile thinking. l')flJHrT [asumedhl See~. "asumedh jagne." -g5c;f namdev. 2 son of king J~nmejay born to a slave girll. See tro-f oja R?i""lfR1Jf QTi=r, nfur 195. ~ [asumedhan] Janmejaya's second son born of a slav<e girl. See tro-f oja. ~ [asur] Skt n one who over throws gods, a demon. See 111:. vr "angan kal asur tab mare." -caritr 405. 2 a fiend, ghost. 3 the sun that shines, See r:F( vr 4 a wrong act, sin. "asur sagharE sukhI vasE."-sri m 3. "satIguru asur sagharu."-sri am 1. 5 an evil doer. "kukrIt karam je jag mahI karhi, nam asur tIn ko jag dharhi."-VN ,5 in Nighunt 1 it means a cloud. 7 adjlife-bearing, alive. 8 In Shastarnammala ignorant writers have put f1.Ff in place ofilJ, which means 'thrown away'. See 11'\ vr "pasupatI prI tham bakhankE asur :;>abad phun dehu."-112. The correct version is: "asr :;>abad phun dehu" meaning 'an arrow thrown after remembering the name of Pashupati (Shiv)'. 9 In the Rig Ved, this term figufl~s for god because 11=t. vr stands for brightness of metal. It is also so for imparting life. See ~ 1-35-9: ~~: .~: In the Zoroastrian scripture, Zend, ~ stands for god. Sanskrit [s] becomes [h] in Zend. For example: RtJ'illS, t!F.f-~, mr-1-fTtJ. 10 In Valmik's Ramayan, in chapter 45 it is held that Varun's daughter Varuni (wine), named Sura as well, appeared at the time of the churning of the sea of milk and rice but she was not accepted by the
IAn ancient dictionary of the the Vedas by Kashyap, on which saint Yasak wrote a commentary. This is a very old document. It dficiently enables the grasp of the Vedic diction.
})f}3~
demons. So they were named ~ as against those named J3i:r who accepted her. flJQ RttRr [asur saghar] adj comparable to destroyers or kJi!llers like demons, monstrous. "hoa asur saghar."-sri a m 5. 2 killer of demons. 3 killed the evil doers. ~cf [asursagharakl, ~ [asursagharal)] adj a killer of demons, destruction of evil-doers. 2 eliminator of the property of demons. "mera prabhu saca asur sagharaD." -maru solhe m 3. ~ [asurguru] n the teacher of demons, Shukracary. ~ otft I[asur nadi] n rectum; anus through which filth flows out. "asur nadi ka badhE mul."-ram beni. per yog the posture of sitting with heel stuck in the rectum so as to close it. 2 a flow of evil ideas. nI~ [asurpIt] n father of the demons, Kashyap.-s;;mama. ~ [asurprtDi] n the earth, Kashyap's wife.-sanama. ~ [asur rajl adj the king of demons. 2 n Ravan.-sanama. ~ [asur rajaH] n the enemy of Ravan, Ram Chandar.-sanama.. fffOTotft [asura nadi].discharge ofwind through the anus, "asura nadi aputhi tarE."-ratcmmala bano. 'By preventing its slanting discharge it regulates the flow.' l)llja1a(') [asurardan] Skt ~ n one who crushes demons. 2 Ram ChandaI'. "asurardan ke karko jIn ek-hi ban bIkhE tan cakhyo. "ramav. ~ [asurarI] Skt n enemy of the demons, god. "nIksi asurarI ki SEn cali."-cJc;fi 1. ))flJfuJ:r [asurIs] adj fJJO-rnthe king ofdemons. 2 n Ravan.-sanama. ~ [asuri] n a d,e:moness-sanama. See >'>l"lJffi. 2 Dg rye Skt })fTtRIT mustard.
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-saloh 2 n absence of grief; happiness, joy, 2 n Ravan. 3 Bali. 4 Hiranyakashipu. pleasure. "asok gayo tIn hil te nasai."-krIsan 5 Shumbh. 6 the rule of demons, Mahadev. 'Happiness fled from them.' 3 a tree that is ))f'JJit yo [asuro pur] the battlefield brimming evergreen and has fragrant flowers, 1-IlJl:j1'Itf. L with demons. "rnuQ katyo asura pur rna." Jonesia Asoca. 4 mercury. 5 Vishnu. 6 king of -cac;Ii 1. 2 city of demons, the underworld. Magdh Desh, son of Bindusar of Maurya ~ [asulu] adv from the origin, since the dynasty and grandson of Chandargupat. His beginning, from the creation of reality. "asulu full name is Ashok Varadhman. In the history ik dhatu."-japu. See ~ 2 and ~. of Buddhism, his is an exalted name. ))I]J [asu] See l1fff and nq. "asu sukhi vasadia Ashok was initially a Shaivite and acjIna rnaIa han raI."-rnajll barallmah knowledged the Brahmans as religious >mJl'f" [asua] Skt~ n jealousy, malice, envy. preceptors. Later he became a Buddhist. He "sara!). parIo tajI garabasua."-gau m 5. provided for 64000 Buddhist monks and 'renouncing pride and malice.' erected 84000 columns of fame on which ~ [asua] n a tear. political and religious edicts were engraved. ~ [asujh] adj invisible. "asujh hr."-japu. During the 18 th year of his reign, he 2 ignorant, stupid. organised a huge religious assembly and ~ [asu!).i] n hope, longing. "vatI asu!).i later sent Buddhist missionaries to Ceylon bam."-s farid. 'equipped again with hope.' and other countries. He prohibited the >mJ3' [asut] adj lacking alignment, misfit. killing of animals. The entire country from Afganistan to Lanka was under his control. 2 unborn. 3 Skt ~3' unstitched, without connection, uninterested. "adI rup asut." This information may be gathered from the edicts engraved in the Pali language on -japu. ))I]J~ [asuda] See ~~. "nIj mj sen asudi stones and found in various parts of the karkr."-GPs. country. Many writers have referred to him as Priyadarshan. ~ [asuyak] Skt adj jealous, envious. Ashok ruled with great elan from >mJW [asuya] See l?flJl'W. Patliputra (Patna) between 269 and 232 BC. ~ [asul] See ~. ~ [asea] Skt rJf n support, prop, basis. His daughter, the pious Charumati was a famous preacher of Buddhism. "kI aseas. "-gyan. 2 adj (one) who does not consume anything. 3 what is difficult to nrf.ta' 'S<!' [a~ok ba!).], nrf.ta' ~ [a~ok van], rF.tor consume. ~ [a~ok vatIka] adj a sorrow-eradicating ~ [ases], nn=ter [asekh] Sktl'liBR, adjcomplete, (garden) 2 n Ashok-garden. a particular whole. 2 endless, boundless. "ajonI adI garden in Ceylon where Sita was kept by asekh."-japu. Ravan. 3 a garden of Ram Chandar in ~3' [aset] adj not white. 2 black. 3 blue, Ayodhya. !Her [asokh] adj which cannot be dried, not yellow, etc. 1Ft [asE] surely, certainly. 2 is. See ~or fHur. dry. [asok] Skt rF.tor adj free from sorrow; l'>fRor [asog], l?fftaft [asogi] adjfree from sorrow, happy, content. "bhayo asok devpatI tab-hi." joyful, happy, content.
~ [asures] adjnflJO-Eta-the king ofdemons.
nmor
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-alakar sagar sudha. (c) The third form of incompatibility is "tngad jonI acet sabhav pOn pap asoc."-asa when the conclusion is at variance with the ravicias. 2 n absence of the thinking process, action. "bran lagE jo kaj kachu til hoy a state of thoughtlessness, "jan ajan bhae ham vIruddh."-laht lalam. bavar soc asoc dIvas jahi."-sor ravcias. 3 Skt lo>fl1tr n impiety, uncleanliness. Example: l'>IR'tP' [asoca] acij free from worry, carefree. balI pota prahlad da fdrpuri di Icch Ichada, 2 polluted, impure, defiled. 3 (one) who does kar sapuran j2Jgg SJ Ikk Ikotar jagg karada, fdrasal). no parharE jaI patal su hukmibada. not think; unthinking. ~ [asota] n wakefulness, lack of sleep. "nIt -BG parhavE karE asota."-BG >mfiIJu [asagrah] n absence of collectivity, ~ [asJC] S~:e iFrn 3. failure to collect. })fF{cr [asakh], ~ [asakhay], ~ [asakhyatl >:Ifffi::r3' [asajat] Skt ~ adj collected,joined, closed. "dvar asajat kare."-GPs. 'closed the acijcountless, numberless, limitless, unlimited. doors.' 2 closed, shut. "asakh jap asakh bhau."-japu. >mfor [asag] shameless, unashamed. 2 Skt ~ fJf3' [asat] Skt ::iRf.'d adj not saintly, unsaintIy, acij alone, without company. 3 uncommon. bad, false, vile. "mIlE asat masat-I kan 4 unattached. 5 n God. 6 Shiv. 7 Guru Nanak rahiL"-g5<;f kabir. Dev. ~ m-rrflr [asapragyat samadhI] Skt nf0l3' [asagat] acij incompatible, improper, ~ B11TfU n a posture of Yog in which discordant. the distinction between the knower and the ~ [asagatI] n incompatibility, known vanishes; unambiguous meditation, unsuitability. 2 compatibility-error, if for accompanied by concentration. example on,e says. "an elephant has long ~ [asaprehl Skt ~ adj free from desire; curved horns" or "a cow with a long trunk", content. such compatibility-errors gets committed. ~ [asabh] Skt.~ n ill-omened, inauspicious. 3 a literary figure of speech in which action "kalIjug caryo asabh, jagat kavan bIdhI bac and cause are at variance. "hetu anat hi hoy hE?"-kalki. 2 Skt ~ adj birth free, beyond jahf kaj anat hi hoy."-$IVraj bhu$aI). birth "asabh hL"-japu. 3 impossible. "jite Example: asabh."-gyan. 'conquered those who were prem matt rnaI'dana gaVE, a~mbhut, impossible to conquer.' 4 Skt 3NlT ~rota sunat bhul sudh javL stone-bodied. "sun mItr matrI asabh."-gyan. 'Mardana sings in trance, but it is the audience ~ [asabhao] impossible. See}')fFfg 2. who lose consciousness.' >mfer 1fu [asabh sabh] n Brahma born to ~ (b) Putting a thing for effect at a different (Vishnu); the four-faced. "asabhsabh maniE, place is another form of incompatibillity. "Jr karol' bIsanu thaniL"-gyan. ~ [asabhav] Skt adj what is not possible. thJr karl).iy jo karat Jr hi thJr."-lalIt lalam. Example: 2 n the Creator, who is beyond birth; not born. 'lEd dava dini sukhad dukhia purekh nIhar, 3 Vishnu, according to the Purans. 4 a figure akhE ki phaki kari phaki akh;m Qar. of meaning in poetry denoting happening of
~ [asoc] acij devoid of thinking, ignorant.
wr
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the impossible; thus as;'}bhav is one which describes the impossible as actually occurring. "anhube ki bat kachu pragat bhai si jan." -$IVraj bhu$an. Example: mask;'} bhagnatI sda kardama taratI papilakah, sagr;'} Iagh;,}tI pIg;'} tam pragas ;'}dhakah, sadh s;'}ge!.) sImr;'}t gobld sara!.) nanak han han hare.-sahas m 5. adI tImarI;'}g te anek pat~ah bhae keti kuI bit gai amaI caIaIkE, de~ te vIde~ carD cakk sabh nivE ay kahu na mavasi bhat dIye viclaykE, angan sen ko~ diragh durag bhari raj ko samaj k:m sakE su gInaykE ~ri gUbId SIgh e sarup p;'}th xaIsa kE km janE dege bad~ahat khapay kE. -GPs. pet bajavat chudha dukh ~ri satIguru samuhay, ko janat tho phuI ko de~anpatI hVEjay. 5 a defect of a characteristic. See ~ 2. ~ [asabhavna] Skt 3ffil'lWAT n impossibility, absence of possibility. ~ [asamak] Skt 3ffi"R1Cl1 adj inappropriate, improper. 2 false, untrue. 3 opposite, contrary. "jIS te daras as;'}mak pIkhE."-GPS. ~ [asamat] Skt adj not liked, unapproved. 2 contrary to opinion, without approval. >mf>.rfu" [asamatI] Skt n a lack of agreement; a difference of opinion. >ihft [assi] Skt ~ eighty. ~ [assu] Skt ~ n the month of Assu on the night of full moon; it is in the mansion
a~vIni.
l'>I1Jm:I" [ascaraj] See itRJtI" and ~. "ascaraj

rupa rah;'}t janma."-sahas m 5. ~ last] See }o)fFIC, })fO and flO. ~ fiift:T last sIdhI] See }o)fFIC fiift:T. >n [astak] Skt n a group of eight objects. 2 a
recitation of eight stanzas. "Im astak ustatI kari path man vachIt paI."-GPs. 3 son of the royal seer Vishvamitar, born to Madhvi daughter of king Yayati. ~ ~ last kuI] n eight races of cobras. In the Purans, they are shown as descended from eight cobras: ~e~, vasukI, k;'}mbaI, karkotak, padam, mahapadam, ~;'}kh and kuIIk. ~ [astg;'}dh] Skt 0f1SVT"U n a group of eight fragrant objects viz. agar (aloe wood), kasturi (musk), kuth (costus speciousus), kesar (saffron) kapur (camphor), khas (root of andropogon muricatus), c;'}dan (sandalwood), and taj (bay tree or its bark) "a~t g;'}dh saj arti dhare."-saloh. ~ Sltf last chap] eight celebrated poets of Vrij who have left their impact on other poets. They are: Surdas, Krishan Das, Parmanand, Kumbhan Da's, Chatur Bhuj, Chhit Swami, Nand Das and Govind Das. ~ fuatrrl? last dIkpal] See ~. ~ fe'cm::r last dIggaj] See f"aT;:r. ~ tPg last dhatu] See }o)fFIC ~. ~ net last nadi] n In the Purans and the Simritis, eight sacred rivers are: Ganges, Jamna, Sarasvati, Shatdrav (Satluj), Vipasha (Beas), Eravati (Ravi), Chandarbhaga (Chenab), Vitsata (Jehlum). "Iakhe ast nadyan ko darap bhajE."-caritr 405. ~ ?>'few [a~t naIka], ~ i'i"ftlw [ci~t nayIka] See ~ and its footnote. ~ [a$tpadi] See ~. ~ [a~tbasu] See m]. ~ [a~tbhuja] See ~. ~ Han? last mangaI] In the religious scriptures of the Hindus, eight agents for arranging bliss are: horse, elephant, cow, pitcher full ofwater, fan, flag, trumpet and lamp. In some books a lion replaces the horse and a wardrum comes in place of the trumpet. 2 In some scriptures
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they are the fl)lIowing: Brahman, cow, fire, gold, ghee (purified butter), the sun, water and king. 3 a horse that has its mane, tail, chest and four hoofs: all white. ~'l%cf [a$t 10k] Hinduism accepts the following worlds (other than the one of human mortals); braham. 10k (divine sphere), pltrI 10k (world I of deceased ancestors), cadr 10k (sph~:re of the moon), fdrlok (heaven, abode of gods), gadharav 10k (domain of celestial music), rak$as 10k (sphere of demons), yak$ 10k (sphere of wealth), and pI$aC 10k (world of evil spirits). ~ ~:;I'ad<! [a$t vyakaraD] See l'>IRC FJTi1 FJTfff. ~ [a$tag] See ~. ~ [a$tada$] Skt eighteen. ~ [a$tapad] See l'>fRGTtR". ~ [a$tavakr] See ~. ~3d" [a$totar] See~. ~ last] Skt 3T1:~ vr to be without splendour; be invisible; to set. 2 Skt ~ adj hidden, concealed, withdrawn. 3 destroyed, perished. 4 n the mountain behind which sets th~~ sun. S P ~, is~. 6 SktrfFEr a bone. "bIsta ast krlmI udaru bharlo hE. "-sClvE-ye sri
mukhvakm 5.
>mf [astri] Skt 31f~?R"~ n an armed person.

[asthal] See {RC5. 2 heart, mind. "jaka asthal tol amlto."-gatha. rfFEr [asthI] n a bone. ~ [asthlt] See >m1fa3". 2 Skt ~ adj not firm, transitory. "asthlta sog harkha."-sahas
})fF'8'l?
[astra] See
)~.
m5.
rfFEra" [asthrr] S,ee >m=rf'Ere".

[asrn] See l1~ffif 3. >mI [asr] a tear. 2 Skt 31U' n blood. 3 water. 4 adj thrown, shot. See l?ilJd". >mIlf [asram] adj without toil or tiredness. 2 free from sum~ring and pain. ~ [a$ru] Skt n a tear; water shed from the eyes because of sorrow or joy. ~l.fT3" [a$rupat] n shedding of tears; crying, weeping" "asrupat s6 vastra bhIgoe."-NP. rJ!fr [a$rotrry][, ~~ [a$roti] Skt adj (one) who has not list~med to the Scriptures. ~ [a$1il] SkI' adj obscene, indecent. 2 an embarrassing remark. 3 vulgar speech. >mf [asv] Skt~n ahorse, colt. 2 adjextensive. 3 Skt 31Bf poor, indigent. "kanak Clrv hEvar bhumldan."-sukhmani. 'giving of land horses and gold in charity.' ~ [a$ve$] n lord of the celestial horse, the sun.-sanama. ~ [a$v$ala] n a horse stable. l'>IF.l~ [a$vkavacni] n an army that has horses equipped with helmets.-sanama. ~ [a$vgatI] See fl::rf.tcr. 2 horse trot. ~ [a$vtar] See ~. ~ [a$vtari] Skt n a mule, an offspring of a mare and a donkey. >mfcr [a$vatth] Skt ~ n peepal, a sacred big tree, Ficus relegiosa (Religiosa Indica) called a$vatth because horses were tied under it for resting. I
})fP)f
lffiJHO [astman], ~ [astmayan] Seef}'El-IO.

~
[astvyast] Skt adj topsy turvy, heIter-
skelter.
~ [astI] Skt n existence, being, essl~nce.
2 visibility, presence. 3 daughter ofJarasandh and wife of Kans, king of Mathura. ~ re fl:ftil" jlastI bhatI prrya] sen three attributes of the Divine: sat (truth), CIt (knowledge) and anad (happiness) "sat cetan anad Ik astI bhatI prry pur."-GPs. See meanings of all the three words. ~[astu] part Skt yes, all right, O.K. 2 be it so. [astey] n giving up theft, renouncing stealing.
lIn the olden times, horses were tied under such trees.
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Skt 311/ClC'~, adj (one) whose voice is like the neighing of a horse. 2 n son ofDron, born to Kripi who gave out a neigh-like sound at birth and was therefore named Ashvthama. He was a commander of the Kaurav army. At the end of the final Kurukshetar battle, when Duryodhan was gravely wounded, only Ashvthama, Kripi and Kritvarma were left behind. He wanted to take revenge upon Dhrishtadyuman who had earlier killed his father Dron. He sneaked into the Pandavs' camp at night and killed Dhrishtadyuman in sleep. He then killed Shikhandi, son ofDrupad and five sons ofthe Pandavs and took their severed heads to Duryodhan. With the help of his Brahmastar he also killed Parikshit who was yet in the mother's womb. At this Krishan cursed him and blessed Parikshit with Iife. l On the following day, Ashvthama and his accomplices fled out of fear. Daraupadi wailed and called for the vengeance of her son's death. Yudh ishthar pleaded that, Ashvthama being a Brahman, it would be a sin to kill him. Draupadi agreed with this but demanded that the jewel in Ashvthama's forehead be brought and handed over to her. For this Bhim and Krishan went after Ashvthama, brought the jewel and gave it to her. Dropaudi passed this jewel on to Yudhishthar who studded it in his crown. >mflal [a~vpati] n the sun. See fFl1.Ifu and ~. 2 Prasen, son of Nighan Yadav and brother of Satrajit. Wearing the syamatak jewel he went for hunting and got killed by a tiger. "a~vpati bIn pra}) pare."-krrsan. ~tIO [asvpan] Skt n a god; an angel who cannot dream (go to sleep).
lThe name Prikishat derives from which means to award life to a dead person.
~ [a~vatthama]
Skt a type of demigods, having the mouth of a horse. According to the Purans, they are adept in singing and dancing. ~ [a~vmedh] a religious sacrifice or oblation in which a horse is sacrified. In the remote times, ashvmedh yag was performed with a twin motive i.e. to prove the performer's sway over the entire land or for the sake of progeny. The procedure was that a horse under the spell of certain mantars or holy texts, was set free, with the name and royal dignity of the owner inscribed on its head. It was followed by the king and his army of chiefs. The horse went about in the country. Anyone challenging the sovereignty of the king would catch and tie the horse down. Then a battle would ensue. if the horse was recovered by the king, the chief who tied it down, had to accept the sovereignty of the king. At the end ofthe year, the horse was brought back to the capital where a yag (sacrificial ceremony) was held to which all the kings in whose territories the horse had roamed unhindered were asked to attend. An altar was erected on 21 poles and 18 pits were dug for a sacrifice. Numerous birds and animals were killed and their dead bodies were consigned to flames by the king and the queen. Then the sacrificial horse was brought in, duly washed amidst the chanting of hymns by the Brahman priests. It was slaughtered by the king and his queen with cries of triumph raised from all sides. In case the Ashvmedh was performed for the sake of progeny, the queen slept with the dead body of the sacrificed horse. The Hindus bel ieved that anyone who performed 100 such yags attained the rank of Indar. That is why, it is mentioned in the Purans that Indar often put hindrance in the way of the yags.
~ [a~vmukh]
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In the 14 th chapter of Valmik's Ramayan, king Dashrath tied three hundred animals to the poles during an Ashvmedh jag, and Kaushlya and other queens killed the horse with a sword and slept with its dead body during the night. 2 a son of King Janmajeya. ~ [a:;;v var] See ~. ~ [a:;;v vEdyl n a veterinary surgeon. ~~;a [a:;;varuqh], l'>!1f~m [a:;;varohi] adj a horse-rider, horseman, cavalier. ~rfiro't [a:;;vmi] n a mare. 2 the first of the twenty seven phases of the moon, so named because the combination ofthree phases looks like a horse's mouth. ~o't ~wa [a:;;vIni kumar] They are two demigods, sons of a mare, regarded as physicians of the gods. In the Nirukt, in the chapter about the gods and in Harivansh, it is written that Sangya, wife ofthe sun could not withstand the light of her husband. Leaving a fake woman, Chaya, in her place, she herself assumed the form of a mare and went to the woods. When the sun came to know of this, he assumed the form of a horse and had twin sons from her.. They came to be known as Ashvini Kumar. There is a story in the Mahabharat that Pandu's widow had begotten her sons Nakul and Sahdev by mating with Ashvini Kumar. In the Vedic agl~ they were believed to be gods of morning and evening respectively. >nU [ah] Skt ~ vr to spread, to be pervasive. 2 pron this. 3 Skt 3Wl~ n a day. 4 the sun. S Vishnu. f(JRTO [ahsan] A (jl,.;>1 n a favour, an obligation, a good turn. 2 mercy. l?IclA1i'lii:diHE' [ahsanframo:;;] P JY-I; dl,.;>1 adj (one) who forgets a favour; ungrateful. l?ImJ [ahah] parlt expressing, sorrow or grief. ~ [ahkaral:d n pride, arrogance, conceit,
vanity. "jJ:n VIc-hu ahkaraD cukaIa."-sri m 1 jogi Jdar. ~cmf [ahkam] A (~J plural of~cm. })f(J(!' [ahD] See l?m?l andfT(J(!'. ~ [ahad] A .A/' n a promise, determination, resolve. "badh ahad Ih ritI s6."-GPS. 2 time, period. 3 duration of a king's rule. i.e., 'eh ghatna bad:;;ah akbar de ahad VIC hoi.' ~ clefl:tOlo1 [ahad:;;J:kni] P ~ -4' n a breach of a promise. ~ [ahdi] A J-,~,' n a particular rank or post during the Mughal rule usually held by horsemen. The pay ofan Ahdi was between Rs. 20 to 25 per month. They served under particular mansabdars (title holders), and were especially sent to convey royal commands or to realize particular dues. They would not leave until the completion of their mission for which they observed a sort of sit down strike. Sometimes an Ahdi during travel was carried on a cot by persons 'begar' (unpaid labour). "tab ::>rag jIy mahI nsae, ek ahdia Iha pathae."-ViY. ~ ih-fro [ahdo pEman] P d,S '-4' n framing of the ru les of an agreem~nt. })fU()' [ahan] Skt a:r,r:rq;:r n hail, hailstone. ~ [ahms] Skt ~ adv day and night. 2 always, at all times. ~ [ahpatI] Skt~ lord of the day, the sun. ~ [ahpatJ:dIn] n the day of the sun, Sunday. })f(J}f [ah21m] Se,e l?f(f. 2 A ff adj urgent, essential. 3 diffiicult, hard. ~ [ahmak] A J'I adj a fool, an idiot. ~ [ahmad] A ...?I adj praised, admired, eulogized. 2 n name of prophet Mohammad. 3 a poet of Persian and Hindi from the seventeenth Bikrami century who wrote prosodic metre and couplets. "ahmad, ya man sadan me han avhf kfh bat?
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bIkdt jure jJ b nIpat khulE na kapat kapat. ahmad ham na suhay, ami pIlavE man bIn, jJ bIkh det bulay, man sahIt marbo bhalo." ~ 'f.IT'ij" ~ [ahmad $ar. abdali] of Durrani branch of Abdalis, son of Zaman Khan Saddozai, a poor pathan who by virtue of his intelligence rose to become the army commander of Nadir Shah. After the latter's death in 1747, he occupied Qandhar, as also Balkh, Sindh, Punjab and Kashmir. He launched eight invasions on Punjab between 1747 and 1767. In Sammat 1818 through his subordinate Qalandar Khan, he committed sacrilege by demol ishing the sacred Harimandir Sahib at Amritsar which, however, the Khalsa reconstructed soon upon its original foundation. Ahmad Shah died at Murgab on 7th HarhSammat 1830. See~and~. f(;n-rt~' R'ure [ahmad sayyad] Sayyad Ahmad Shah Ghazi, was a Muslim priest of Bareilly. In 1827 he instigated Muslims of the Northwestern province against the ruling Sikhs. Several thousand Muslims gathered under his flag for Jehad or religious warfare. He was severely defeated by Sardar Budh Singh Sandhawalia. He died in May 1831 at Balakot in Hazara district fighting against Sher Singh, governor of Kashmir. The Muslims believed that he did not die, but had simply disappeared. ~ [ahmadabad] principal town of Gujrat in Bombay presidency. It was founded by Ahmad Shah, king of Guj rat, in 1413 AD on the bank of Shavarmati river. ~ [ahmadi] adj a disciple of prophet Muhammad. 2 n a Musalman. 3 a follower of the Mirza of Qadiani. See QJWH >iRJHt!. })f(JQ lahar] Skt 3ffi\ n day. l')f(JQ1:f [aharakh] See ~. 2 n absence of happiness; unhappiness, grief.
~ [ahraI,l] ~ [ahraI,lI], ~ [ahran] n
))fTljfR1.1fO
ironsmith 's block; an anvil on which the ironsmith beats hot or cold iron into the desired shape. "ahraI,lI matI vedu hathiaru."
~japu.
mfoR and ffuf'oH. [aharman] P d"fi' n according to the Parsi or Zoroastrian religion, the god of evi1. ' Opposed to it is Yazdan, the god of goodness. ~ [ahrat] adj ( one) crying ah! oh! lamenting, wailing. "ahratkotI katyatI gat."-OPs. 2 See
l'lfiRI}fO
~ [aharnIs] See
~3".
[ahal] adjnot moving; firm, stable, fixed. "gaq tham ahIE."~gcJU var 2, m 5. 2 A J' n an assemblage, a community. 3 family. 4 husband. 5 adj able, capable. "ahal arf kama!."-0PS. ~ [ahlkar] P .J14' adjworker, employee, servant. 2 expert, specialist. mW [ahla] adjdifficult to find; rare. 2 without profit, unprofitable, in vain. Skt !m? See
rfuw.
[ahlad] Skt~ n happiness, pleasure, delight, See ~. ~ [ahaIIa] Skt ~ n daughter of Vridhashav and wife of Gautam (Shardvat). In Ramayan, she was the first and the most beautiful woman created by Brahma. Cursed by her husband she petrified into a stone only to be liberated from the curse by Ram Chandar. "gotam nan ahalIa tari."-mali namdev. See b-r 4. ~ [ahlia] A d' n the one with a family, wife. ~ [ahliha] A Ld:i those living there. ~ 'i'i"i'I'Q [ahle najar] P ~J' adj wise, intelligent, sagacious. l)fUffiIT [ahalya] See ~ and b-r 4. ~ [ahav] Skt ~ n a battle, war.
'For this reason, many poets describe Satan as l<JQJ;?).
~
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[ahvaya] Skt~ adjconcerning war. "gnat bhumI ahvaya."-ramav. 'They fall in the battlefield.' See ~ wfH. ~ [ahval] A JI..PI plural of()T1i5"; conditions, states, circumstances. "mam i cIni ahval." -tilJg m 1. 2 news. ~ wfH [ahvi bhumI] Skt ~ ~F1-r n a battlefield. See ~. f(JT [aha] part word expressing gladness and surprise. 2 v past form of' be'; was. "jah kachu aha, taha kIChu nahi."-gcw kdbir. ~ [ahaj], :~ [ahaju] Skt RJTlJI':if. adj unsuitable. 2: unacceptable. "khaDa khaj ahajo."-var sal' m 1. 3 inedible; unfit for eating. fU'3T [ahata] See tJT3T. ~ lahar] Skt ~ n food, meal, diet. })f"U";f lahar] adj immeasurable, be:yond weighing, inestimable. 2 n a wail, lament, cry of despair. "khuli vali dEt ahare."-cJ<;li 3. 3 a battlefield. "rule ahar vicc."-cJ<;li 3. 4 Skt ~. har, the fourth month of Bilkrami calendar. ~ [ahari], }~ [aharu] n rabi or summer crop which is harvested during the summer. "phasal ahari ek namu savDi sacu naO."-var mCJla m 1. "savaDu ratI aharu dIhu."-var ram 1 m 1. 'Like auspiciousand inauspicious days or good and evil deeds, are winter or summer crops.' 2 adj immeasurable. See (JT;RjT. })ffu [ahI] fi;(:r this. "ahI tan qheri thisi."-suhi {arid. "ahI karkaresuahI karpae."-varmanz 2 m 5. 2 is. 3 l'>Rf3r egotism, self-pride, See ~. 4 Skt 3Tl15 n a snake. 5 the sun. 6 a traveller. 7 adj lowly. 8 a swindler, cheat. 9 eight, because there are eight prominent snakes. "jab vLsakh ahI divas vitae."-GV 6. 10 Skt 0ffR, n day. "man re, ahI nIsI hanguD sar."-sri m 1. })fftfw [ahfsa] Skt n non-violence, a vow
against killing any living being. 2 not causing pain to anyone; Yog Shastar mentions 81 forms of non-violence. According to it any utterance, act or idea of causing pain is counted as the violence. nrfuR10 [ahI san] See }}f'(J"Rl7). ~ [ahIkaraD] See ~. l?ffu3" [ahJ:t] Skt n against fuo(self-interest), a disfavour, wrong, evil. 2 an enemy, opponent. 3 an evil-doer. ~ [ahld] See ~. ~ [ahIdi] See ~. ~ [ahfdr], li~ [ahInath] })ffu-~ n the snake king, Sheshnag. ~ [ahInIsI] day and night; continuously; always, See }}RJf'?iH. "ahInISI harIjasu guruparsadI."--asa d m 1. l'>fft:J?IT [ah:mi] n a female snake. "patak dadur gan ko alnni."---GPs. ~ [ahIpatIJ n Sheshnag, the king of snakes. 2 r<:ft.rf3~ lord of the day, the sun. ~ [ahIphen] Skt n opium. 2 froth coming out of a snake's mouth. ~ [<:IhIbat] Pkt n status of a married woman whose husband is alive; bliss of married life. "rahE atal ahIbat."-GPs. })ffu)f [ahIm] See RJH. ~ [allImak] See ~. ~ [ahImat] See r<JHB. "dhanVIsvasi ahlmat apa."-Nl~ nrfuHe" [alumad] See ~. ~ [ahn] See RRf. nffiRn:r [<:Ilnrakh] Skt "EtFfT n jealousy, envy. "ahIrakh vad na kijE, re man."-asa kabir. ~ [ahIraD], ~ [ahnaDI] See ~. ~ [ahIfpatI] the sun, See ~ . "bahuro ast ahrrpatI bhayo."-NP ~ [a]nraj] n the snake king. 2 Takshak Nag, one of the eight principal serpents of the underworld.
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type of poetic stanza. See~. [ahirl).i], ~ [ahirni] n a milkmaid, a dairyman's wife. ~ [ahIrrpu] n the enemy of snakes; garur; blue jay. l'>ftiW [ahira] Ski 3ffiITf adj destroyed, burgled, ~ [ahrrrpu ketu] Vishnu, who has a plundered. "pfe,! vasaya pher ahira."-GPs. blue jay, the enemy of snakes, as his emblem 2 See "Rffir. in his flag. grurdhvaj -scmama. "yaddapr sam ~ [ahiri] the wife of an "Rffir; a milkmaid. hE ahrnpuketu."-NP. nIY lahul is. "laj ko kaj nahr ek ahu re." ~ [ahrran] See >lfmf<'l. -gurusobha. 2 he, that. ~ [ahrl] See rm? ~ [ahutna] v to get tired. 2 to come back, l)ffuw [ahrla] fruitless, useless, See rtJ"1?T. return. 3 to be separated. "ahrla janam gavara."-sri m 1 pahrre. ~ [ahurebi], ~ [ahurevi] A ~l/f ~ [ahrlad] delight, See~. "manr inhabitants ofArabia; Arabian Bedouin. "keu han ko ahrlad."-sar m 5. thatte bhakkhri rrani ahurevi mrl keu ka$miri ~ [ahrlra] See~. "gotam tapa jrn bolan pachaniE."-GPS. ahrlra rstri."-prabha a m 1. 2 adj ~ [ahuta] See~. "so chIn hkh IE das unacquainted, not used to. 3 immovable. See ahuta."-GV 6. 'The servant returned.' fuffi'ir. [ahuti] See ~. ~ [ahrlia] See ~. m [ahe] is. 2 part a vocative. "ahe anata." ~ [ahrvar] See ~ 2. 2 the best among -sri ravidas. 3 This word has also been used once in place of tIE (destruction). "srmrat the snakes, Sheshnag. ~ [ahrvat] See ~. nam kotr jatan bhae. sadhu sag mrh hangul). ~ [ahrval] See ~. gae, jamdutan ko tras ahe."-brla m 5. 4 i)f })fU't [ahi] is. "sai basatu ahi. "-sar m 5. (not) ~ (is), is not, does not exist. 2 inclination, desire. "saranr suami ki ahiE." >m1r.r [ahe$] n ~ the master of snakes, -dey m 5. 3 Skt a female snake. 4 a snake. Sheshnag. "je nar grase kalukh ahes."-NP. ~ yo [ahia pur] a village in Tanda police l1Ifru [aheh] adjfree from desire for copulation, station, tehsil Dasuya. The railway station is at ascetic, "aheh hehe."-ramav. 'women have a distance of two kilometres to the west. Here turned ascetics into lechers.' in the house ofBaba Jiwan Singh Bhalla is to "m [aher], ~ [ahera] Skt >'>fTlfc n game; be found one ofthe two pothis (books) ofBaba hunting deer. "ahera paro ghar kE gar ."-bhEr Mohan. Both these pothis were earlier at m5. Goindwal. But now these two priests own one ~ taheri], ~ [aheria] Sktl?fTlf2t adjwho hunts. "kal aheri phrrE badhrk jru. '-dhi'Jna each. One is here, the other is at Goindwal. ~ [ahi$] Skt n ))ffu-EtH the king of snakes; kabir. 2 n a particular caste so named because Sheshnag. of its fondness for hunting. ~ [ahin] adj not deficient, complete. 2 not nm [ahE] is. "jo krchu ahE sabh teri rajaI." low or mean; superb. -bhEr m 1. "Rffir [ahir] Skt ~ n a dairyman, milkman. "rfr [aho] part joy, sadness or surprise. "aho! jasy rakhel). gopalah."-sCJhCJs m 5. "tan same "gala biidhr duhr ler ahir."-sar namdev. 2 a
~.
})jf<Jai~<!
[ahIraVcll:tl See l.IatjlFe~. 2 See
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guru aho! ucari."-GPs. ~'it [ahoi] n common goddess, a goddess belonging to the Ahi dynasty, worshipped by virgins. During the festival of navratra (nine nights), virgins make clay models of this goddess and paste them on the walls. On the first of half of the light lunar month, they observe fast and worship its image by burning incense and lighting lamps. On the first of the light half ofKartik month, they immerse these images in running water. A large Ahoi fair is held at Radhakundpur in Mathura district. "han ka SImfan chaqIke <'lhoi rakhe nan." -s kabir. 'She '" who observes the fast ofAhoi instead. ' ~ [ahol).i] adjnot likely to happen, unlikely, impossible. ~ [ahoratr] Skt n day and night, a period of24 hours; eight pahars of three hours each. "RJ [aM] Skt 3:rgl\ n pride, vanity. 2 pron I. "aha aha ahe avar mUf."-kan m 5. "jagat pasu aha, kalu kasai."-oJkar. 'Due to pride the world is getting like an animal and time is turning into a butcher.' ~ [aMkarCll).] n ~ pride, hubris. "so sura variamu jIni VIc-hu dusat ahakaral). marIa."-var sri m 3. ~ [aMkar] n pride, hubris, vanity. "ahakar tIsna rogu laga."-asa cJt m 3.2 Accordiing to Vedant, pride is a variety ofthe mind of which self-pride is the essential state. 3 According to Sankhy ShastaI', pride grows in the intdlect. It is a perversion that gives rise to the vain gods of sense organs and mind. From the passionate state arise five senses ofperception, organs of action and from the dark state come out the five elements. ~ 'aRf8" [ah:3kar garab] See 0'Rm 2. ~ [aMkan] with pride. "aMkan marhI dukh pavhI."--var maru 1m3. 2 See fc~.
~ [aMkariI Skt ~~ adj proud, vain. "ahakari detu man pacaIa."-bhET a m 3.
[ahakal] n pride, vanity. 2 pride like that of the god of death. 3 See})fCf. ~ ~.r'FfOT [ahagrah upasna] n a worship with the belief that the worshipper and the worshipped are one and inseparable. ~ 'Q'jJ'7) [ahalgrah dhyan] n concentration with the belief that the deity is not separate from the worshipper. ~ [ahata] n egoism. ~. [aMphasli the noose of pride. 2 a noose marked by vanity. ~fu [ahabuddhI] vain intellect. 2 belief in the ego. "ahabuclhI bahu saghan maIa."-guj m5. ~ [aMbadh] bondage ofthe self. 2 bondage forged by pride. ~ [ahabhraml).i] a whirl of pride. 2 misunderstanding caused by vanity. See~. ~ [aMmal).i] n a proud offering, See Hit. ~ [aMmat], l~ [ahamatI] See~. "ahamat anrat kumIt hIt."-kan m 5. lffif>.rol [ahamani] n ego, idea of selfllOod. "bharamJ: bIapi ahamani." -basJt m 5. 2 adj arrogant; (one) who has vanity in his mind. ~ [ahameu], nmHre [ahameI], ~ [aMmev] Skt fc~h-!fu" n ego, pride, vanity. 2 I alone am. 'Then~ is none like me or to excel me.' "jo jo karte ahameu."-gau var 1 m 4. "man mdita ahameI ."-sri m 5 pahIre. "karam karat baclJ'1e ahamev."-gau kabir. rd' [arh] Skt 3rt adj worthy of worship, venerable. 2 suitable, qualified. 3 n the Creator. 4 Inclar. It is to be noted that according to the: rules of Sanskrit, words like ~, 'l'li(j'-3'etc. should have been listed here, but in accordance with Punjabi practice they figure as~, fc~~, ~3" etc. fa' [ak] Ski ~ vr to go; to go aslant. 2 n llfOr
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absence of of (comfort), grief, sorrow. 3 suffering. "ak nam dukkh ko vIdIt hE jagat madhy."-NP 4 sin. 5 SklfCif a wild plant of sandy wilderness; akk, calotropis procera. "ak SIU pritI kare aktIQa."-var mala m 1. ~ takas] A n a reflection, an image. 2 a likeness, picture. ~ [akasmat], ~ [akasmatr], ~ [akasmat], ~ [akasmatr] SkI ~ adv providentially, by chance, suddenly, unexpectedly. "akasmat karUI).a kari."-NP "akasmatr ab mIle krIpala."-NP "bhayo akasmatra kahyo nahI kaunE."-gyan. ~ [aksar] A adv often, especially, several times. l?fIDfto [aksir] A ;:!! n a chemical. 2 a medicine that has a sure effect; an effective medicine. ~ [akah], rcXfu [akahI], ~ [akahiu], }')ffi(J~ [akahiau], ~ [akahu] adj unspeakable, inexpressible, ineffable. "akah kaha kahI ka samjhava."-g.=Ju bav.=Jn k.=Jbir. 2 n the Creator. "rIdE b.=JSE akahiu."-s.=Jveye m 3 ke. l'>fOl';:r [akajjJ adj uncovered. 2 without shelter. See ~. "akajj kupa."-ramav. Kekai has referred to that open well which has no raised platform around it, causing a person to fall unawares in it. ~ [akat] adjwhich cannot be cut, that cannot be pierced. ~ [akl)a] v to be down with akk (pain or sorrow). 2 to fret, express annoyance. ~ [aktIQa] n an insect living on akk plant. See~ 5. 'nfa"li [akath] SkI ~ adj indescribable. 2 God. "akath ki karhI kahal)i."-.=Jn.'Jdu. ~ [akathkatha] adjwhat is indescribable;beyond description. 2 the story of the Almighty. "akathkatha tInI jani."-sollIla. l'>tCnfl.llO.[dkathgh~H] n the abode of the
vii
.Yi
indescribable Creator; sac khaQ (the True Region). 2 a thinker's conscience. 3 the highest spiritual stage. ~ [akad] See ~. 2 adj painful. ~ [akan] See ~. 2 SkI ~ n hearing, listening. 3 adv 31~If having heard, on hearing. "akan nIdes race sukh sare."-GV 6. 'Having heard the order, all comforts were created. ' ~ [aknu] P lJ;ri adv now, at this time, on this occasion. ~ [akpak] adj steadfast in adversity; forbearing. RmC [akpat] adj sans deceit. 2 n sincerity. "sI!)i sac akpat kathla. "-h.=Jzare 1 O. 3 See ql../Z and ~. ~ [ak~h] A ~ dust, dirt. 2 A ...,.:;r a heel. 3 hind parts, behind. 4 a chase. See ~. ~ [akbar] A ).I adjolder, elder, principal. 2 n the Creator, God. 3 son of Humayun born to Hamida Bano at Amarkot (Sindh) on 15 October 1542 (Sammat 1599). His father having been defeated by Sher Shah was then fleeing India. 1 Akbar occupied the throne of Delhi at the age of 13 years and nine months. The rule was carried on under the guidance of the prime minister and chief commander Bairam Khan (Khan Khana) till Akbar took complete control in Sammat 1617. He greatly extended the Mughal empire. In Sammat 1618, Akbar forged a relationship with Rajputs by marrying the daughter of Raja Bihari Mal of Ambar. 2 Later he also married a princess of Jodhpur. Bihari
'Akbar was born on November 23, but on the advice of the astrologers. to evade the evil influence ofthe planets, his birthday was declared to be October 15. For the same reason he was named Jalaludin Akbar in stead of Badrudin Ahmad.
'See trGl fJ:i'ur.
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Mal's son Bhagvan Das and grandson Man Singh were Akbar's famous generals who always stood by him. The emperor did not hesitate to give high ranks to the Hindus. Thus Todar Mal and Birbal were among his senior ministers. Rana Uday Singh ofMevar, who hated the Raja of Ambar because the latter had given his daughter in marriage to a Musalman, was naturally regarded by Akbar as an enemy. He invaded Chattaurgarh. Uday Singh was wounded and fled, but two Rajput chiefs Jaimal of Bednor and Patto (Phatta) of Kailvara fought against the Mughals so valiantly that the accounts of their gallantry still exercise charm upon the minds of the listeners. Both were among the sixteen nobles of Mevar. At last Jaimal was killed by a bullet from Akbar's gun. This has been mentioned by Akbar himselfand is recorded by Jahangir. The gun which killed Jaimal was named 'Sangram'(battlle).1 On the death of Jaimal, the rite ofJauhar,2 was performed in the course of which nine queens, five princesses, two princes and several Rajput ladies, hurled themselves in the pyre. This tragedy took place on 11 Chet Sammat 1624. Its anniversary is celebrated in every home in Mevar where poets and singers sing panegyrics to immortalise their memory. After the rituals of Jauhar, Patto and thousands of Raj puts in saffron dress came out of their fort and attained martyrdom fighting
IThis word is from Sanskrit and means 'a battle'. Akbar was very fond of employing Sanskrit words. But this word should have been accompanied by some other word from which information about the conquest or end could be gathered. But that word is missing. 2See, the word 'jJhar'. Some scholars have found 'jivhar' as its root.
against the army ofAkbar. The sacred threads ofthe martyrs, they say, weighed 74.5 maunds or 398 seers. It iis customary to inscribe the sacred figure of?811 on commercial letters of businessmen to purport that one who opens a letter not meant for him commits the sinful murder of Chattaur. This writing figures not only on letters but also on government papers and donations, "catJr marIa ra pap" meaning that a person who stops the charity would call upon himself the curse of the dead. See Col James Tod: The Rajasthan. From the letter written by the French physician Bernier on 1 July 1663, it seems that the two statUt:~s of elephant-riders in front ofthe gate ofthe Delhi fort are those ofJaimal and Patto. Their bravery inspired Akbar to instal them there. 3 Akbar stopped the collection ofJazia and pilgrimage tax imposed on the Hindus. He ordered Dharampur for Hindus and Khairpur for Muslims to be built where lodging and boarding for persons of these communities were provided. He stopped the practice of natural or divine justice (dIvynyay)4 and ordered that no widow could be forced to commit sati or immolation on her dead husband's funeral pyre. The emperor collected one third of the produce as tax. Nobles in active service were called 'mansabdars' (rank holders) each having 500 to 10,000 soldiers uneler him. Todar Mal was the chief revenue officer; under him were officers named kroris meant to purchase rations, c1othings, perfumes,
3These statues were made on the orders of Akbar. When Shah Jahan had the Red Fort built, they were placed at th,. entrance. 4Se.
31.fT'i"H
and
~'li!.
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metals and precious stones. Subedars of provinces exercised both criminal and civil justice. They were called faujdars. ' In cities cases were decided by Kotvals and Qazis. In Akbar's rule people could perform their religious rites without restriction. The emperor was fond of listening to merits of various religions. He was also a poet of Hindi and composed a verse on the death of Birbal. "din jan sukh din, ek TId dino dusah dukh, so ab ham ko din, kachu na rakhyo, birbal."2 Akbar also visited Guru Amar Das and received his blessing, Bhai Santokh Singh mentions: tab akbar dIlli te ava, sarIta utar SIvar nIj pava, dhar pratitI dar~an ko cahyo, uttam lin upayan ahyo.-GPs. Besides being an emperor, he also considered himself a religious Khalifa (prophet's deputy) and he started a religious sect, Din Elahi, to forge unity among all religions. Its members, on meeting greeted one another with' Allahu Akbar'(God the great). He developed Agra, which he renamed as Akbarabad. He got built the Red Fort and other buildings. A beautiful building at Fatehpur Sikri shows that Akbar loved to synthesise Indian and foreign architectures. His extensive empire was divided into 18 provinces called subas. They were Allahabad, Agra, Avadh, Ajmer, Gujrat, Bihar, Bengal, Delhi, Kabul, Lahore, Multan, Malwa, Bairar,
'Earlier, the person administering the region was called Suba and the revenue collector, Dewan. One who controlled the army was called Faujdar. 2For all his life, he helped the poor. So all the capital he had, was spent on them. He gave trouble to none. Whatever was saved, that he bestowed upon me while dying. With himself Birbal kept nothing.
Khandesh, Ahmednagar, Bidar, Haidrabad and Bijapur. The celebrated poet of Ramayan, Tulsi Das, lived during Akbar's time and the famous musicologist and singer Tansen also adorned his court. Akbar died on 16 October, 1605 (Sammat 1663). The beautiful sepulchre ofthis gracious emperor is situated at Sikandara near Agra. jO(aa'a'i! [akbarabad] Emperor Akbar renamed Agra as Akbarabad after his own name. See
l?fOl"lId'.
[akyath] adj l")fCftfjf. indescribable. 2 useless, in vain, worthless. See~. l')fO(O [akar] See !Ol3". 2 Skt adj difficult to do or perform. 3 tax free. 4 without hands, with one or both hands mutilated. l)fO(Ot:JT [akarkara] Skt jIO(ldO(dl L Anacy Clusperethrum. A"'}7 n a plant amply found in Algeria. Its root is used in several medicines, especially for curing toothache. Its effect is warm and dry. It removes chest pain and impurities of the stomach. Rubbed on the tongue it cures lisping and stammering. ~ [akdrakh] Skt ~ pull, attraction. "nanak kiti sas akarakhte."-sdhdS ill 5. 'The ant draws out breath, that is, it kills.' ~ [akdrkhal).] Skt ~<y n attraction, gravitation, pull. ~ [akaraJ.:d Skt ~ adj unfit for doing, improper. "akarl).a karotI."-SdhdS ill 5. "cahI akaral). kina."-GPs. 2 deaf. 3 with ears clipped. 4 without ears, without tools. 5 without provisions. ))fO('Q3T [akartaJ Skt ~ adj indolent. "sabh kachu karta tau akarta."-GP S. nrOld"i'i' [akaran] See >">fOlO<Y. 2 v to be overbearing or supercilious. "akn: an na manai hUI ap bharosa."-GPs. })fOlQH [akaram] adj sans divine blessing; not
))f(ifliI'"EI'
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favoured. 2 Sktl?fml' without work, idle. "kahu ~ [akalkala] See })fCffi" and '1X"W. 2 adj karam karat akaram."-akal. 3 n improper or undivided power or skill. "akalkala bharpun rahla."-var asa. inappropriate task. "pag nacSI CIt akaI'ma." -prabha beni. "karam akaram bicariE."-gau ~ [a-kalpat], ~ [a-kalplt] Skt~ adj without imagination. 2 what cannot be ravidas. thought of, beyond thinking. "a-kalpat mudra ~ [akarmal, ~ [akarmi] Skt 3'["Cf,~ n an unfortunate person. "ham pathar hin gurugyanu bicanlale."-SIdhgosatI. akarma."-bila m 4. 'We are senseless like ~ [akalmakh] Skt~ sans~(sin), stone, low and unfortunate.' 2 adj lethargic, adj sinless. 2 guiltless. ~ [akalmad] P adjwise, discreet, idle. intelligent, sensible. fa"aT [akra] a type of poetic metre also known as al).ka, anhad, anubhav, $a$Ivadna, ca(~rasa ~ [akClII] intelligence, See ~ 1. "akalI and madhurdhunI. It has four lines, each line eh na akhiE akalJ: gavaiE badI."-var sal' m 1. ~ [aklia] S,ee ~. organized being as III, ISS ~ [aklil).], Y.~~ [aklin] Skt ~ adj Example: detached, disint{~lrested. "aklil).I rahltau sabad kas sar mare, SISU nahI hare. bahu bldhI bal).a. atI dhal).u tal).a.-ramav. susar."-srdhgosatI. 2 See ~. 2 Skt adj which cannot be bought; costly. ~ [aklim] Slee ~. 3 }')f-ORJT, a woman without hands or a she- ~ [akalu] adjshort form of~. God, who elephant without a trunk. is free from sin or blame. "akalu gal jam te kla QariE?"-maru solhe m 1. ~ [akrur] See l?fqo. "udhau akrur tnIocan nama."-savye m 3 ke. ~ [a-kalak] adj unblemished, unsullied. 2 flawless. "a-kalak rup apar."-akal. ))fa"l? [akal] A JRF n intelligence, In fact ~ means a fetter locked on the forelegs of a, ~ [aklakntl adjblameless. 2 Skt~ camel to control its wayward movements. That undivided form. "akalaknt hE."-japu. way it is intelligence that keeps man's conduct ~ [akva] a var:~lIk metre also known as ajba, on the right track. 2 memory, recollection. kaya and tima, having four lines, each line 3 Skt adj undivided. "sada akal lIV rahE." organized as SSS,S -savye m 2 ke. 4 without limbs. 5 inartistic Example: or without qualities. "akal kaladhar soi." jutte vira, chutte tira, -sIdhgosatI. 6 the Creator. "jISU guru te jujjhe taji, QIgge gaji.-kalki. akalgatI jal).i."--gau a m 5. 7 S adj unknown. })fCf;:fOT [akarna] v to behave arrogantly. 2 to ~ [akalsar] adj(one) who is levelheaded; contract on drying. 3 to lack softness. ~ [akra] a gal).J:k metre with four lines, each wise. 2 a tank of intelligence. 3 brain, the I line having 115, lSI, 151 arrangement. place of intellect. "Ikna sIdhI na budhI na Example: akalsar."-sava m 1. 'Their head is devoid of munI ban chaQ na garb, intelligence.' 4- short form for ~ ~. ~ [akalah] Skt adj without confliet or mIl an mohly sarb, discord; peaceful. 2 to God, the wise one. lay jahI raghav tir, "kalma akalah jam:."-asa I<abir. tuhI nEk dEkar cir.-ramav.
pJRF
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2 the letter nf itself. "amIt SIgh ke bacan sun confusion, perplexity, See ~. bolyo han kar kop, ab akar tua lop kar amIt ~ [akaul).a] v to cause ~ (pain); to irk; SIgh bIn op."-knscm. 'With the omission of to irritate. 2 to vex, to annoy, See ~. "bIna nf, it is mIt SIgh (that is, nothing)' 2 Skt~ hetu te an akavat."-NP n a shape, form, creation of shape and form. ~ [akaI] Skt ~ adj sans 0(Tljf (body). "jab akar Ihu kachu na dnsteta."-sukhmcmi. 3 a figure. 4 adj a sign, mark. 5 adj in form, "namast;'i akae."-japu. 2 Anang Kamdev, the manifest. "apI akaru apI nrr;'ikaru."-g5d m 5. god of love. 3 Rahu, the Planet. })fC('I'ij'H [akaraj] See fC(1'i'f. })fOr'l1 [akas] Skt )o)fTCi(TH n the sky. 2 the abode of gods, paradise. "s;'it ka nidak akas te tarau." })fC('l'Q('f [akaral).] adj without cause or reason. 2 having no reason, self-operating. 3 adv in -g3c}. m 5. 3 a high rank. 4 See ~ l')jC(iAdldl' [akasg;'iga] See l')j1C(IHdldl'. vain, useless, ~ [akasbel] n amarbel; a dodder, cascuta l?fC("'QEf [akarath], ~ [akartha] adjofwhich apidendron or cassyta filiform is, or cascuta the result ('RfEr) is only pain (~), in vain. "jandm akarath kin."-s m 9. 2 See )?fC(T6". reflexa; a parasitic creeper. It is soft, without thorns and yellow and red in colour. It strikes })fC("'ij(') [ akaran] See })fC('l'Q('f. its root in the bark of whichever tree it creeps })fC(Tijljf [ akaray] See fC(1'i'f. upon. As a result, the sap of the tree dries up. ~ [akaru] See ~. fC(Tli) [akal] n a hard time, an evil hour, famine. See~. 2 Vahguru, who is eternal deathless and is ~ ~ [akasi bj] n an army of martyrs. 2 an army suddenly arrived for help. "pari akasi not affected by time. 3 adj deathless, immortal. "Jr su kal sabe baSI kal ke ek hi kal bja aI."-GPs. })fC("'tf [akaj] Skt fC(Tljf n a loss, harm. 2 evi I akal sada he."-VN. 4 n the time of death, the final hour. "kal akal khasam ka kina."-maru doing. "taj kaj, akaj ko kaj savaryo."-scJVeye kabir. 5 long living ones like Markandey etc. 33. 3 adv in vain, useless. ~ [akat] See ~. "sImarhI kalu akal SUCI soca."-maru solhe m 5. 6 adv untimely, not at the proper time, ~ [akatI] adj inglorious. 2 without glory as for example untimely death. or distinction. fC(Tli) ~ [akal ustatI] The title of Guru ))fC(I"Ef [akath], ~ [akatha] Skt lOrOfTEi' adj Gobind Singh's laudatory hymn to God in useless, purposeless. "tujh bInu jiv~m sagal akath."-brla m 5. "tIn sabh janam akatha." Dasam Granth. Due to the ignorance of the scribes, its text has got scattered, disorganised -jet m 4. and disoriented. See E'orRH BT'fT3'HT and q:@H3' ~ [akabrr] A /.b"1 plural of~ the great lJtl"QO. ones. fC(Tli) JIUlf<'l'l-f [aka1 sahsra nam] See FfTlJ ;:ft. l')j(i[T}f [akam] adj useless, worthless. 2 Skt without desire. "akam h."-japu. 3 not ~ [akalsarl a well in Amritsar that Guru Hargobind got built in Sammat 1669. affected by Kamdev or lust; free from sexual ~ [akalgarh] a town in Vazirabad, sub desire. division of Gujranwala district. Maharaja ))fqTlil' [akay] See ~. Ranjit Singh's favoured subordinate, Divan l')jC(Tij' [akar] n pronunciation of the letter nf.
~ [akau] n idea of~(pain), a painful state;
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AKALBUNGA - SRI AMRITSAR JI
._---_._-"- - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - '
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weighing 10 seers. Savan Mal and his son Mulraj, lived here. (13) the mace of the sixth Guru, weighing ~ ~ [akal calaI).a] n untimely de:ath 10 seers in weight. It was bestowed during the prirne of life; casting off body by Mata Sundari to Jassa Singh the before actual death. See ~. warrior. })fCi{'1? 31;r3" [akal taxat] See ~orr. (14) the swordlike weapon with brass grip ~ [akalpurakh] Skt ~ n a timeless or deathless being; an indestructible power, of Guru Hargobind. God. "tu akal purakh nahI SIn kala."-maru (15) the dagger of Guru Hargobind (16) the dagge:r of BabaAjit Singh. solhe m 1. jOlIMaial' [akalbanga] xa the Khalsa's loud (17) the dagger of Baba Jhujar Singh. (18) the sword of Guru Hargobind. shout of' Sat Sri Akal' resembling the Muslim (19) the poniard of Guru Hargobind. call for prayer. jOlIM~al' [akalbUga] In Sammat 1665 Guru (20) the poniard ofBaba Dip Singh Shahid. Hargobind got a high throne raised opposite (21) the sword-like weapon of Baba Dip the Harimandir at Amritsar and named it Akal Singh Shahid. Bunga, the house ofthe timeless One. Heheld (22) the pistol of Baba Dip Singh Shahid. congregation here every morning and evening. (23) the pistoll of Baba Gurbaksh Singh This Akal Bunga is the Takhat (or throne) of Shahid. the Sikhs. From the very beginning, the Panth (24) Guru Gobind Singh's two arrows with has been organising gurmatas here. This a tola of gold at each point. gurdwara is the first Takhat of the Sikhs. It (25) the medium size khanda of Baba Dip Singh. contains historical relics of the Sikh Gurus and martyrs including: (26) two swords of Baba Dip Singh. (27) two short khandas ofBaba Dip Singh. (1) the sword ofmiri (temporal authoriity) of Guru Hargobind (28) the quoit of Baba Dip Singh. (2) his sword of piri (spiritual authority) (29) a small quoit of Baba Dip Singh. (3) the sword of Guru Gobind Singh. (30) Baba Dip Singh's quoit for wearing on the head. (4) the sword of Baba Budda Ji (b) the spot in Anandpur Sahib where Guru (5) the sword ofBhai Jetha Ji. Gobind Singh performed the last rites of the (6) the sword ofBabaKaram Singh Shahid. ninth Guru. See jT~. (7) the sword ofBhai Uday Singh who was an attendant of Guru Gobind Singh. (c) In the gurdwaras at Patna and at other places too there an~ bungas bearing this name. (8) the sword of Bhai Bidhi Chand. (9) the double-edged sword (khanda) of l?f'CilT1? ~ [akal rnuratI] SkI ~ n God whose installation iis not subject to time. 2 everBaba Gurbaksh Singh Shahid (10) the double-edged khanda ofBaba Dip existing form which is timeless. "akalrnuratI ajuni sEbha."-japu. Singh. (11) the khanda of Baba Naudh Singh l?f'CilT1? ~ [akal rnntyu] See ~ and })fCi{'1? ~. Shahid. (12) the sword of Bhai Vichitar Singh, ~ [akali] adj timeles~, not related to time.
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2 n a worshipper of God, the timeless One. Vahguru's Khalsa (own, pure) kama1 jyo maya ja1 VICC hE a1ep sada sabh da sanehi cal sabh to nIra1i hE, karke kamai khave magl).a haram jal).e bhal).e VICC vIpda nil mane xu;;hali hE, svarath to bIna gurudvarIi'i da CJkidar dharam de jag 1ai carhe mukh 1ali hE, puje na aka1 bIna har koi devi dey sIkkh da;;me;; da so kahie 'akali' hE. 3 This term is particularly used for Nihang Singhs. See fmJor. ~ tft ~ [akalia di chavni] also called l).IMga di ch:mi, is a place in Amritsar where Akali Phula Singh, with 1200 horsemen and 1800 infantry-men used to stay. Maharaja Ranjit Singh had bestowed upon them ajagir for their maintenance. ~ [akIat] A ..:!-r:'(jf V to be strong. 2 adj "He sustains." to nourish, to sustain. "kI akIatas."-gyan. ~ [ak:'Ecan] Skt~ adjpoor, penniless, penurious. 2 (one) who has nothing, barest sustenance. 3 born recluse. !feB [akIt] Skt ~ adj who is not made by anyone, self-existing. 2 See ~. >:lIfc:fu" [akItt] Skt roftf::f n infamy, notoriety. 2 See !feB. ~ [akIty] See l'iffcfu. 2 Skt ~ 11 ignoble act, evil action. 3 Skt ~ adj not artificial or fake; spontaneous. "nImItya akItya."
-cJc}i 2.
~ [akIratghal).], ~ [akIrtghan]
Skt~,
adj (one) who forgets or denies favour done to him, thankless, ungrateful. "akIrat ghal).a no pa1da."-sri m 5. mad VIC rIddha penh kutte da mas, dharIa mal).as khopri tIS madi vas, rattu bharIa kappara kar kajjal). tas, qhak IE calli cuhri kar bhog br1as,
akh SUl).ae pucchra 1ahe vrsvas, nadri pavE akIratghal). mat hor vrnas. -BG ~ [akI1bIkh] Skt ~ adj sinless, blameless. 2 virtuous. ~ [akik] A E Carnelian 11 a very hard and glittering precious stone of red, blue or other colours, inlaid with signets. It is cut and used in ornaments and for inset decoratiDl1 of plants and pictures. ~ [akida] A 6-,?, 11 firmness of thought and belief, devotion, especially religious belief. l?IOfto [akin] adv without doing. "nar ek akin hi pritr kar."-knsclll. 'Some people requite love even when the others ignore them.' 2 n performing a deed without pride of any sort. "kin akin 1akhE pha1 ho."-krIsan. 3 not cultivated, natural. 4 See oroit?>. ~ [akIratr] Skt ~ 11 infamy, ill repute, bad name. ~o [akOth] Skt ~ adj not blunt; sharp. ~iF [akOqa] adj free, without any external constraint; not under anyone's thumb; independent. ~ [akutobhay] Skt adjnot under fear from anywhere. 2 not afraid of anyone; fearless. ~!3' [akObh] Skt ~ 11 a son of Kumbhkaran and younger brother of Kumbh. "kObh akObh se jit sabh."-VN. 2 At some places~!3'also appears in place of ~!3'. The latter was a demon who was killed by Durga. That story is- told in Markanday Puran. ~ [akul] adj(one) who has no race, caste or pedigree; God. "kahIt kabir aku1 nahi cetIa."-gau. 2 ~. of low caste. ~(!T [aku1aul).a], ~ [aku1ana] v to have mental distress; to be mentally pained, distressed or perplexed. See ~. ~ [akulil).], ~ [akulin] adj of low birth, ignoble. 2 renouncer of caste-culture.
J!!
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The shrine owns about 125 bighas of land 3 not related to any caste or race. ";'Ikulin donated by Bhai Matab Singh. One hundred rahItau sabad susar."-sIdhgos~tI. rupees in cash and three quilts are given ~ [akual).a], ~ [akua], ~~ [akuia] annually by the state. Two Sikh mahants serve SklCfj.yrto produce a sound. adjsilent, taciturn, the shrine with devotion. It is about two miles (one) who has taken a vow of silence. "te sahI nah akual).a."~vaq m 1. "ek phUE ras rag to the south from the railway station Bahadur Singhwala (N.\V. Rly). akuia."-krIs;m. 2 See ~ mur. ~ [akok] adj ignorant ofKok Shastar. "kam ~R [akuj] SkI ~, adj bad deed, vice. ke1 akok."-prIthu. 2 See vr beyond description; indescribable. ~ [akoq] SkI ~~ adj endless, countless. "praja dukhaI akuj."-GPs. ~3" [akut] adj beyond measure; limitless, See~. boundless, See ~3". 2 not criticized, not ~ [akor] n a present, an offering. "dije pran condemned. akor."-jet m 5. ~1.f'O [akupar] SkI n a sea, an ocean. 2 a ntefur [akag] adjwithout armour. "tukke akag." fabulous tortoise said to be under the earth. -ramav. See crcrr" >'>I'Ck<x [akatak] SkI' 3fCI'iUc:cr adjthornless, without 3 the sun. ~ [akuya] not talking, silent, See }~. hurdles. 2 unobstructed. 3 without any enemy, "nam akuya sabh hi kahE."-GPS. having no adversary. ! [akur] n something which is not false, ~ [akatr] SkI 3lc~adjnon-doer."ajatraamatra opposite offalsehood; truth. akatra."-gyan. 2: (one) who prefers reclusion. ~ rake] See ~. >mfer [akath] adj beyond description, ~ [akera], lm [akero] adv once. 2 See unspeakable, indescribable, inexpressible. !fu. 3 adj solitary, alone. "jab ghat bani "bhumadI dan dine akath."-gyan. 2 without subh th;Jr akero."-krIsan. even a ragged blanket. [ake1a] adj alone, single, without ~ [akapan] SkI 3lCfwFf n state of notcompanion. "age has ake1a."-sor k.::Jbir. trembling or nolt shivering; steadiness. 2 one ~ rakE] part or. "akE koi kIhu devae."-var of Ravan's commanders and a minister. He bIla m 4. was Ravan's maternal uncle, and the son of ~ [akoi] a village ofJind state two kos north Sumali and KetUllnalini. His sister Kaikasi was of Sangrur. Here is a gurdwara of Guru Ravan's mother" Hanuman killed him in a battle. "band nad akapan se."-VN See ~ Hargobind who came here from Saunti and stayed with Manak Chand, a devotee, in and l{UFI3". 3 Per Harivansh, he was an Indian king and was Hari's father. Sammat 1673. Guru Granth Sahib is installed in the gurdwara building got built by SaI'dar ~ [akkl).a] See ~. ~ [akyath] S~~e imT and rcmEr. Diwan Singh of Badrukkha. Close to the circumambulatory passage, ~ [akray] adjinactive, motionless, stationary. "akray ek paratam puran."-NP 2 unpurchasable. there is a solid caper tree under which, so believe the local people, the Guru's horse was ~ [akn~] adf not lean or weak. 2 which cannot be pulled; not deserving to be pulled. tied. According to them, earlier Guru Nanak l?ffc!3" [aknt] Ski ~ adf unmade, unbuilt. Dev had also visited Akoi.
nrnw
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2 Skt ~ adj not fit to be done, misdeed, sin. "akrIt karma."-ramav. tf~df~d [akntknt] adj doing what cannot be done by others. "tej su rasi aknt knta."-gyan. ~ [akntagy] Skt ~ adj ungrateful, thankless. ~ [akntam] Skt ~ adj not artificial, genuine. 2 real, true. tf~dif~d [akntaknt], tfS!d'fS!fa [akntakntI] adj not made or shaped by anyone; assuming various forms. "akntaknt hE."-japu. ~ [akny] adj inactive, passive. ~ [akrur], ~ [akruru] Skt ~ adj not c~uel, merciful~ kind. 2 not irate, calm. 3 n Krishan's paternal uncle and son of Shvaphalak and Gandini. He came to deliver Kans's challenge for battle and took Krishan and Balram from Gokul to Mathura where Krishan killed Kans and re-installed his own maternal grandfather Ugarsen on the throne. "udhau akruru, bIdaru gUl) gavE."-savE'ye m 1 ke. "mohI abE akrur ke hath bulay pathyo mathura hl1 ke rai."-krrsan. tC! [akr] See rf'gGr. l')(6f [ak;;] Skt OTlR vr to enter; to penetrate; to pierce; to attain desire's fulfilment; to spread; to be diffused. 2 none of Ravan's sons whom Hanuman killed while laying waste the Ashok garden. His full name was Akshay Kumar. 3 counters in chess. 4 arl axle. 5 eye. 6 a blue jay. 7 seed of eleocarpus ganitrus used in rosaries. 8 16 masas of oil. 9 soul. 10 Dg myrobalan.
tia [ak~at] See~.
~ [ak~ayvatl See
~ [ak~ar]
r1h:rz.
~ ~ Fl:PO [ak~ra
See fCfiJ. de sthan] See footnote to
picture 4.
adj blind with intoxication of knowledge, See ~ ~. ~ [ak~I] Skt an eye. 2 a count of two, two. rEhl [ak~Jl)i] See ~. })flf [akh] See l')(6f. 2 Dg n a garden, park. 3 See rfu. 4 See f1!O 2. ~ [akhau], })fl:ffu [akhaI], ~ [akhaIO] adj indestructible, everlasting. "atal akhaIo deva."-maru m 5. ~ [akhsar] See t'CmO. l'>fJ::IORf [axgar] P P, n a spark; an ember, a scintilla. })fl:fH [akhaj] A ;g, n acquisition. 2 catching, grasping, gripping. ~ [akhaqa] adj strong, powerful. 2 without a hole, complete. l'>Il;I'3'a' [axtar] P /1 n a star, planet. "rJ~andImag axtar."-ramav. 2 a portent, an omen. 3 a flag, standard. ~ [akhta] See fTl:IdT. ~ [akhtIar] See ~. ~ [akhni] P n thick soup of meat. "salan J akhni bniii."-knsan. 2 stock of food. adj cooked food. ~ [axbarl A )~I plural of J::ra"iJ. news. "lavpur te ai akhbaru."-GPs. 2 newspaper.. l')fl:flif [akhay] See ~. })fl::Rf [akhar] Skt ~ n a character, a letter; letters for writing Gurbani. "akhar ka bheu na lahat."-var sar m 1. 2 adj which does not dissolve, insoluble. 3 n God who remains in the same state. I "e akhar khnI jahIge OI akhar In mahI nahI."-gau kabir, bavan. 4 n a sermon, an advice, "akhar nanak akhIO apI."-var majh m 1. 5 a mantar according to
~ [ak~radh]
cl-
Skt n a rosary of rudraksh (elecarpus ganitrus) seeds. 2 a rosary ofletters from })f to ~. ~ [ak~mi] Skt ~ adj sans forgiveness. 2 incapable. l?Iim [ak$ay] Skt adj imperishable, everlasting.
~ [ak~mala]
ISee Vishnu Puran Part 1, Chapter 22.
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books on magic. "kava!.)u su akharu kava!.) gu!.)u kava!.)u su ma!.)ia rna tu. "--s {arid. 6 nominal; objects which bear names. "drIsat man akhar he jeta."-bavan. l'lfl::IO orr ~fI [akhar ka bheu] n a grammar; grammatical knowledge. "akhar ka bheu na lahat."-var sar m 1. 2 meaning or implication of a sentence. })fl:RJli [akharab] Skt~ adjbeyond the figure of one kharab: 100,000,000,000 ; countless, innumerable. 2 (one) which is not small; great. "garab akharab dur hve gayo."~c5dCJr. 3 tall, not short. ~ [akhrot] Ski ~ n a walnut tree and its fruit. It does not grow in hot climate. ][t has beautiful wood which is used in manufacturing beautiful articles of various types. It grows plentifully in Kashmir. Its kernel is hot and moist in effect. Its Latin name is aleurites triloba. E walnut. ))f1:f(? [akhal] Skt ~ adj whole, complete. "akhal bhavan ke sIrjanhare."-caritr 405. 2 (one) who is not mean. 3 (one) who is not stupid; wise, intelligent. ~ [<:lxlak] A J!.P I plural of~ n character, morality, conduct. 2 nature, disposition. 3 culture, decency. })fl:fffi" ~ [akhli w;li] This is the initial phrase from one of Guru Nanak's asatpadis in malar rag. 1) "akhli u<;li jalu bhar naII, 2) <;lugar ucau garu patalI, 3) sagaru sit<:llu gursabadI vicarIo" It means: 1) All downward young streams, full of water flowed proudly, 2) From high mountains, they went towards deeper dungeons. 3) Merging into the ocean they got silent, i.e. their speed came to an end. Likewise, the
hymn states, by meditating upon the Guru's word, the turbulent mind gets peaceful and humble. I fl:fffi:r [akhles] adj ~-ElF.r master of all; God, the Creator. ~ [akhri] Skt 1?ff'Gr, an eye. "nanak se akhria bIan."-vCJQ ch5tm 5. ~ [akhaut] n a saying, proverb, an aphorism. See 1?{l::fT(Y. and ~~. ~ [<:lkhaj] See 1?f1::f"eJf. inedible, uneatable. "ghar ghar magan khaj akhaje."-BG l')fl:fI'(!" [akhal).] Skt 1')fTl:fj!T() n a story, tale. 2 a proverb, See ~cl~. 1?fl:f13t:r [<:lkhatij] See ~. })f1::I' [akhad], fCfTR [akhadI], Jo>f'1:Rj1 [akhady], 1?fl::fT'fuJr [akhad yI], 1?fl:ITQ" [ akhad h], f1:fTfq [<:llhadhI] Skt :~~ adj not fit for eating, inedible. "akhadYI khadya."-sCJhCJs m 5. "<:lkhadhI khahI harkaIa."-asa m 5. ~ [akhara] See 1?fl:I';3T. "jIu besva ke pare akhara."-bht:r namdev. 2 adj not brackish, insipid. ~ [akhavat] See 1?f1:fT<f and ~. 'l?{l::fl;f [akhar] Skt~ the month ofHarh. On its full moon day, meet two planets ofthe lunar month, the pre-Harh and post-Harh. 1?fl:I';3T [akhara] Skt 31fRR n an arena, a theatre, ampitheatre, stad!ium, battlefield. "sab tera khel akhara jiu."-majh m 5. 2 a wrestling pit. 3 a battlefield. "ehu akhara harI prItam sace ka jInI ap!.)e jOrI sabhI a!.)I nIvae."-var gCJU 1 m 4. "bIkham akhara me guru mI1I jita." -asa ch5t m 5. 4 an abode of the anchorites. 5 Bands of holymen especially of the Udasi and Nirmala sects in particular going as religious preachers, are known to form an Akharha, the briefaccountofwhich is as below: (a) Mahatma Pritam Oas of the Udasi cult
'Some scholars interpret this hymn with reference to the cranes flying with their gullets filled with water.
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once thought that bands of Sikh sadhus often experienced great difficulty in finding residence and food dliring fairs at pilgrimage centres. To tackle this problem, he approached Nanak Chand, the paternal uncle of Chandu LaI, a minister of the Nizam of Hyderabad, who offered seven lacs of rupees. With the money thus offered, Sant Pritam Das approached the Udasi saints of Paryag and suggested the establishment oftheir separate Akhara where they could stay away from the sanyasis and preach Sikhism in different parts of the country. Accordingly the Panchayati Akhara was established in Sammat 1836. A committee of four sadhus, Ganga Ram, Kutsath Braham, Sarup Braham and Atal Braham, was constituted under the guidance of Guru Granth Sahib. They made arrangements to procure tents, canopies, durries, carpets, horses, camels, bullock carts, kitchen utensils, musical instruments, walking staffs and umbrellas and framed rules and injunctions so as not to leave any lacunae in their smooth management. The headquarters of the Udasi Akharha are at Allahabad with numerous buildings at Kankhal, Kashi etc. (b) In Sammat 1896, some differences arose, and Sadhu Santokh Das, Hari Narayan Das, Sur Das etc. of Sangat Sahib (Bhai Pheru) established a separate Akhara, Sri Guru Naya Akhara, commonly known as Udasian da Chhota Akhara. Its headquarters are at Kankhal and it has buildings at other centres ofpilgrimage. Its administration is sound like that of Panchayati Akhara. I
ISantokh Das's Akhara was established in Amritsar in Sammat 1838, and Sangal wala Akhara was set up in Sammat 1843 and Nirvansar in Sammat 1850. So named, they are only cloisters of sadhus unlike Panchayati and Chhota Akharas.
(c) Like the Udasis, Nirmala saints, finding their sadhus humiliated at pilgrimage centres also thought of having their separate Akhara. They were inspired to do so by saints like Bhai Tota Singh, Ram Singh, Matab Singh etc., Maharaja Narendar Singh of Patiala, Maharaja Bharpur Singh of Nabha and Maharaja Sarup Singh of Jind, in Sammat 1918 established Dharam Dhuja Akhara of Nirmala saints. Bhai Matab Singh was appointed its first Mahant (chiefpriest).Grants in cash of Rs. eighty, sixteen and twenty thousand respectively were given by Patiala, Nabha and Jind states. Annual grants of Rs. 4000, 575 and 1300 were donated by those states in the same order. Jointly all the three states 2 drew up Dasturulamal (rules of action or constitution) for Akhara Nirmala Panth of Guru Gobind Singh. 3 Its constitution carried these clauses: I) Shri Mahant will be appointed in consultation with the three states and four other mahants, all wearers of Sikh symbols (underwear shorts, kirpan, hair-comb, steelbangle) shall be appointed in consultation with Chief Mahant. 2) The cooks in the kitchen shall also observe the same code of conduct. 3) Two workers, two storeki;pers, one granthi and one gyani (scholar knowledgeable enough as to interpret the scriptural texts), all observing the same code of dress, shall be appointed, besides one or two orderlies. 4) This code is not compulsory for the present ChiefMahant. Those appointed in the future shall have to be intell igent, ascetical and observers of the code of conduct and dress.
'Patiala, Nabha, .lind. Yrhis Dasturalamal was approved on 12 August 1862.
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})fl:fI";fT
5) Whenever Shri Mahant visits the capital of a state, or whenever a chief finds time to visit the Akhara, he shall give offerings to Guru Granth Sahib or to Shri Mahant, but not individuaHy to other priests. 6)AH income ofthis sort will be accounted for. If any priest brings anything from anywhere, that too he shall deposit in the Akhara without keeping anything with himself. 7) At his discretion, Chief Mahant may offer to a brahman or an invalid, clothes or cash for visiting places of pilgrimage, but the details of all such offerings shall be maintained in writing. 8) If Dharam Dhuja Akhara Guru Gobind Singh wants to have a bhandara (free distribution of food), it shaH be done in consultation with and approval of eh ief Mahant. If at any time this is not possible, food may be offered but Chief Mahant must be informed of it as early as possible. 9) Ifthe need arises to appoint a new priest, it must be obligatory for him to swear before Guru Granth Sahib that he shall observe the code of conduct and deposit all income from all sources with the Akhara. 10) It shall be essential for Chief Mahant and his colleagues to ensure that if any Sikh fiefholder or chief wants to organise a free meal (bhandara), he shall be allowed to do so according to his own faith and belief, and the mahants shall not interfere in any way and shaH be considerate so as to respect the donor's sense of honour. 11) Similarly,if any other Sikh follower ofthe sect desires to conduct a free meal, the foregoing clause shall be observed. If it is found that though a person of means wilfully shows inability to do so, a report can be lodged
with the respective state and his money confiscated and deposited with the Akhara. 12) If during a journey there is a gurdwara, the Akhara must not bypass it. An offering is to be paid according to the status of the gurdwara concerned. 13) Seating arrangements should be in this order: Guru Granth Sahib in the centre, on the right of it ChiefMahant followed by other mahants, nd saintly Sikhs respectively, on the left the gyani, the interpreter of sacred text, and behind him other holy Sikhs. Other persons, however holy, shall sit at their respective places. In this, rank and not scholarship shall be the criteria .If a mahant of some other sect comes, he shall be seated on the left of the gyani. A seat on the right side, if given, should be behind (Nirmala) mahants of the concerned Akhara. 14) No other holy man shall stay in Chief Mahant's house, though a few holy men detailed to serve him may do so. Similarly no one is aHowed to sleep in the room reserved for keeping Guru Granth Sahib, because to do so amounts to disrespect. IS) Any Sikh, ascetic or householder, who comes to pay obeisance, may do so. There is no restriction. He should be seated according to his respectiv,e: status. 16) It is obliigatory for Shri Mahant and other mahants not go to the house of any state official. If need be, they may send a worker, store-holder, some orderly or any other mahant ofthe dera. Ifinvited for a meal however, they may go. 17) It is obligatory for the Sikhs of the Akhara that if a mahant asks them for any service, they should not avoid rendering it on one pretext or the other; if they avoid doing so, they shall be liable to a fine as decided by
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92 a mahant of the Akhara. 18) If any ascetical Sikh wants to stay in the dera, he shall first have to declare with his hand on Guru Granth Sahib that he shall return to the gurdwara everything offered and shall not retain anything with him, and that he shall remain loyal to the Sangat (congregation). Without such a pledge, he shall not be admitted. 19) The mahant must take parsad prepared and served only by the baptised Sikhs. Even water used in the kitchen must be such as is drawn (from the well) by the Sikhs. 20) There is no restriction on serving meals to other Sikh holy men; food must be served to all, care be taken that those observing rahit sit in a separate row. 21) Women shall never be allowed to enter the Akhara. This restriction also applies to liquor but not to opium and cannabis. 22) If anyone not observing rahit or belonging to a non-Sikh community, wants to offer parsad or a meal, he should not be refused, provided he gives uncooked ration for cooking by those in the Akhara. 23) The income accruing to the amount which has been put to the credit of the Akhara in the beginning, from lending or through other investments, shall be used for maintaining the community kitchen and for conducting other repairs; the initial grant must remain intact. 24) Financial management of the Akhara wi II be entrusted to three mahants, one belonging to each contributing state. They shall try to increase income by lending money on interest and investing in commerce, and shall spend it in accordance with rule 23. They shall inspect the accounts at least once in a year, and forward them to Shri Mahant for further inspection. 25) If he wants to appoint anyone in his own place, during his life, ChiefMahant shall be allowed to do so in consultation with the Akharas of the three states. 26) IfChiefMahant has already appointed his replacement during his tenure, or ifhe has not performed satisfactory work during his tenure, the three states through mutual consultation may remove him from the post. 27) If any mahant violates the code of cond uct, the three governments, through mutual deliberation, shall have the right to remove him. 28) Prior commitment will be taken from each of the five mahants that they shall not do anything against the Dasturulamal. Whenever the thr<>e states write anything to the mahants, its copies in Gurmukhi script shall be provided for safe keeping and also duly stamped and sealed with date to be kept in the office files. 29) It shall be obligatory for the Sikhs of the Akhara to keep in reserve one turban of vermillion colour and the rest of white colour. This is a traditional custom, symbolising the renunciation of family life. 30) Instead of a tiibi (mendicant's bowls of hollowed guard shell) and cIppi (oval begging bowls) the mahants shall keep steel karmaqal (mendicant's bowl with the top handle) or metallic vessel (container for keeping drinking water), because tiibi and cIppi are unclean and cannot be cleaned with earth (or sand). rt1:r [akhI] Skt})ffu n an eye. ~ [akhIU], ~ [akhIO] See nJWjf. 2 said, uttered, "akhar nanak akhIo apI."-var majh m 1. ~ [aklnan] See fl1::IJlTO. ~ [dkhIIU], nrf'trf'E"E [dkhIIO] See nJWjf
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and~.
l'>Ifl:l;:r [akhIj], >lfu [akhIjh] adj (one) who
[akhEJ See fc~[ljf. ~'3lH [akhEtijJ 16XlJr ~ the third of the bright half of Baisakh month. According to the Hindu belief~ Satyug (the epoch of truth) commences with it. ~-ac [akhebat] Skt ~ n According to Purans that banyan tree which does not die even on the doomsday, and God Vishnu, assuming the form of an infant, sucks the big toe of his foot on it. Per the Hindu belief this tree used to be at Prayag; death as a result of fall from it was believed to lead to result in the liberation of numerous travellers. Jahangir had got this ak~;ayvat tree cut but now the ~[akhutJ, ~c [akhutI]Skt~ncontinuity, Hindu priests point to an indestructible tree uninterruptedness. 2 without decrease or loss. 3 adj unending. "Ihu dhan akhut na nIkhutE in the fort of Prayag to collect offerings. "jy6 na jaI."-dhClna ill 3. bat akhE rup laghu chajE."-NP See lJGITOT. Another Il.:fil [akhutiJ Skt ~ n a bad custom, wrong ak:;;ayvat is believed to be in Gaya too. practice. 2 the idea of childhood. "hfdu mule l1f1fc [akhot] adjwithout adulteration, real. "lal bhule akhuti jahi."-var bIha ill 1. padarath sac akhot."-:Jakar. 2'pure, endless. ~ [akhobh] Skt ~ adj sans excitement. >mit [axud] P .t}, n a teacher. 2 a chief. 2 without confusion. 3 n quietude, serenity. ~ [akhuhal).IJ See ~. l?fl:fa [akhac;l] adjunlbroken. 2 endless, continuous. l?fl!C [akhutJ See n:fC. "bhare bhac;lar akhut "akhac;l kirtanu tun bhojan."-gClu Cl ill 5. atol."-gClu ill 5. l1I [akhun] P 1:)}1 n a fine speaker, teacher. ~ [akhac;lsurhi] See ~. "Ihi hakikat jo kahE soi bac;la akhun."-mClgo. ~ [akhac;lkal] n the full moon. 2 adj 2 A t,:J}, a companion, friend. 3 plural ofn.:f, complete in all respects. ~ [akhac;lat] See ~. brother. })fife [akhet], )o)fi:l"c'cx [akhetak] See~. l?fl:fa t(TQ [akhac;l path] n a continuous recitation. 2 a continuous recitation of Guru Granth Sahib ~ [akhed] n happiness, pleasure. 2 adj free which is completed in 39 hours. Four or five from suffering. granthis, devote themselves to it one after the f1fa" [akher] See~. other continuously without any break. This ~ [akhel] adj without play. 2l>f!1:r5 all. "khel custom was initiated by the Buddha DaI. khel akhel khelan at ko phIr ek."-japu. Akhand path was not held during the time of 'Human beings having been busy playing
does not fret; not peevish, forbearing, sober. "akhIjje abhIjje."-japu. 2 See f"l1:re". !fl:fG [akhIt] short form for~, prey, hunting. "nrIp akhIt sIdhayo."-c."Jritr Ill. rfl::re" [akhIdJ See~. 2 Skt~ adjuntiring. ~ [akhIdal)i] iitt-~ comforting, pleasure-giving, comfort-providing. ~ [akhIl] See }jfl::f(? ~ [akhIles] See ~Ji. n:ft [akhi] an eye. See rfcf. "akhi kac;lhI dhari carl)a talI."-suhi Cl ill 4. 2 said, uttered. "batia han ke sag hf: ClkhIa."-knsCln. 3 with or through the eyes. "akhi kudratI kani bal)i." -bClS{'jt ill 1. 4 to or for the eyes. "akhi sutaku vekhl)a partrIy."-var asa. >m:fur [axir] A j, n an end, a closure, an ending.
games of all sorts, come to realize the oneness of the Divine.' ~ [akherJ Skt '~>MfG n hunting, chase. ~;'1raard [akhe buatI] Skt~, See ~
ft:Rrfu.
~
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the Gurus. Many people keep an earthem lamp burning day and night, and place a pitcher full of water and coconut, etc. But this practice was not in vogue in the beginning. 3 See l?ffu" ~
trO.
})f(JTFf3"
[akhae,lal] See ~ m? 2 Skt ~ n Indar, the king of the gods. "thap akhae,lal ko surmae,lal."-cdTrtT 1. ~ [akhae,lli] adj unbroken, complete. 2 n the rank or status of Indar. See~. '))fl:ffu'3" [akhae,lIt] adj unbroken, complete, whole. 2 advcontinuous, incessant, ceaseless. >ii1:Rr [akkhar] See })fl::Rf. ~ [akkhal] Skt a sound of joy, joyful tune. nfl:fT Jj~ [akkha mudl).ia] to ignore the wrong committed by another. 2 to be overbearingly arrogant. 3 to die, to pass away. bhukhan basan bas ratan anek jatI choe,le pH palki anup chabI dham ki, kaha narnah kaha bhae bad$ah kaha $ahan ke $ah jJn dehE parnam ki, beni kavI kahE khal phal me bItavE dIn pale khal khalE kE pakhalE jas cam ki, man hi ki man rahI jati abhIlakhe jab mud gai akhe tab lakhe kIhI kam ki. ~ [akhyau] l')fEiflJf eternal. "pura guru akhyau ja ka matr."-sukhm;;Jni. l'>fl:WJTO [akhyan] See l?fTl:IJtTO. ~ [akhyal] adj beyond thinking, unthinkable. "akhyal akhae,l rup he."-;;JkaL ~ [axvad] P "il a teacher, tutor. })f(Jf rag] Skt 3I!'" vr to go, enter. 2 Skt short form for l'>fCJlfo. 3 Skt 2>rn adj ignoramus. "jyo tag age ag argai."-NP. 'just as an ignorant man gets dumb before a spiritually awakened person.' 4 Skt 311T adj motionless, immobile. 5 n a mountain. 6 a tree. 7 Skt nra.r front, the front side. 8 adjfirst, primary. 9 a leader, head. 10 adv before, in front. "ag tab cala."-d;;Jtt. 'Then he proceeded forward.'
[agasat], ~ [agast] Skt nrarft:r and a celebrated sage who lived in the Vindaya mountain. He composed several hymns of Rig Ved wherein it is held that Agastya was the son of Mitravarun I At the sight of Urvashi he ejaculated his semen, a part of which fell in a pot from which Agastya was born; from the portion that fell outside the pot was born Vashishth. That is why Sayan has held that Agast came out of a pot like an elegant male fish, So he was called Kalshisut (son of a pitcher), Kumbh Sambhav and Ghatodbhav, etc. Due to such a birth, he is also called Maitravaruni or Aurvashey as well. At the time of birth, he was of the size of an extended hand. Once Kalkey demons spread terror in the world, killing holy saints and spoiling religious oblations. When the gods went to kill them, they hid themselves in the ocean. Paying heed to the request of the gods, Agastya drank the entire sea in one draught and the gods succeeded in destroying the demons. For this reason Agastya came to be known as Pitabadhi and Samuderchuluk as well. In the Purans it is recorded that Agastya was the son of Pulasaty. There is a story in the Ramayan that when Agastya saw his ancestors hanging upside down in a pit, they told him that they could be liberated only if he produced a son. Gathering parts of several animals, Agastya formed a girl whom he sent to the ruler ofVidarbh where she was brought up like a princess. When she grew up, Agastya married her. She was named Lopamudra. The Ramayan gives further account ofAgastya that for a long time he observed austerities at Kunjar Hill south of Vindhayachal. The
raTR'3'Jf.
IMitar and Varun are twin gods. But their names figure together. They are twins like Ashvini Kumars.
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rari'i'
demons were frightened of him. Ram, ~ [agachrni] Skt~ advwhich does not move, motionless, still, eternal. "sarbe jor Lakhshman and Sita stayed with him there. agachmi, dukh ghanero athI. "-var maru 1 m To Ram he gave: a sword, Vishnu's bow and a 1. 'At the sight of the eternal Creator, the quiver of arrows. with which he killed Ravan. senses get widely perturbed.' See))fT8' and 'l?fTfu. Agastya was present in Ayodhya at the time of Ram's coronation. The Dravids ofthe south ))IOIH [agaj] n born jfJrom raT (mountain), ajewel. worship Agastya Muni. "agast adI je baqe 2 a metal. 3 a fruit. 4 Skt})f(J]tf Brahman. 5 a tapastpi vIsekhn:."-akal. headman, leader. 6 Skt raJTW!'. adj beyond grasp; what the mind and senses cannot grasp. 2 There is a star by this name which rises from the south on 17 th of Bhadon. (August- ~ [agaq] adj not fixed, planted or studded. September) "uday agast p5th jal sokha."-i:ulsi. "su dh5n jIno rn.an hE agade."-krIsan. l)f(JTU [agah] Skt raJTtJ1Jr adj who cannot be ))((J1(!" [agal:tl n according to the rules of poetics, seized. "mere thakur agah atole."-gau m 5. inauspicious character combination, that is: 2 nrcJlTl:f deep, bottomless. "rasna agah agah gun FICJlCf, RaT<!', ~ and ~. 2 adj uncountable. rati."-bila m 5. 3 n life-breath which is })fOJ(E" [aga!).at], )~rOrf<B' [aga!).It] adj beyond difficult to hold back. "agah gahE gahI gagan calculation. "agal)at uc apar thakur."-bIha cat rahai."-gau bavan kabir. 4 mind, which is m5. difficult to control. rcJI3' [agat] adj unmoving, not fallen. 2 unfillu"a!(J(!' [agah gaha!).] sen seizing the unseizable; ended. 3 unattained. 4 See fa'If3'. understanding what is beyond the mind's rarf3' [agatI], raT'31 [agati] n m iserab Ie grasp. "agah gaha!). bhram bhratI dahaQ.."condition, poor plight. 2 adj being in bad savEye m 5 ke. 2 mental poise. shape. 3 not entitled to salvation. "parhI })f(JJ(J'i") [agahan] Skt n ~ beginning of the narak rnarl<E agatI."-GPs. year, month of Magghar; per the old custom raTEr [agathl, ))fOJ'EF [agatha] adj of which the the year commenced from the month of story is beyond narration; indescribable. Magghar. That is why it was given the name "sarnrathagath apar nrrrnal."-asa chat m 5. of Agarhayal). 2~ })fO]-))fljf<') commencement of "palE nam agatha."-var maru 2 m 5. the year, first month of the year. "katak brtyo ))f(JJt!' [agad], ~ [agaduJ Skt adv without OR' su agahan ava."-GPs. (disease); healthy. "kal krrpa kar bhae agad })f(J1fu [agahI] See })f(jj(J. sabh."-saloh 2 n medicine, cure for a disease. ~ [agahu] Se,e })f(jj(J. 2 adv in or from the 3 A .JJif'1 a vow, promise. 4 marriage, wedlock. front. "agahu dekhE pIch-hu dekhE tujh te "agadu pap:: stan ve lalo."-tIlag m 1. 'The kaha chapavE."--gau m J. 3 n future. "ag-hu devil instead of a qazi performs the marriage nera ala pIcha rahla durI."-s farid. ceremony.' See F.r3"O. ~ [ag-huca] adjunfathomable, bottomless. l')f(JJtr [agadhl, raT(T" [agadha] adj bottomless, 2 ))f(Jl'(J (bottomless) and ~. "thah nahi agunfathomable. "harr agarn agadha."-gau var huca."-dev m 5. 2, m5. ~ [ag-heu] Skt ~. which cannot be faTO lagan] See 1~~ 1. "gan agan navo hi grasped; not a subject for the mind and the ras."-NP 2 Skt l?ifax n fire, flame. 3 one of the ISee footnote to OIWI? 4. senses.
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96 five elements, symbolizing heat. 4 adj countless, innumerable. "It kop malech carhe dgne."-krISdn. "aI agan rachas yut ravan." -GPs. 5 a bird ofthe lark family, smaller than a lark; while flying it gives out a sweet chirp. It is very common in the Punjab; its colour is brown and head is without a plume; it makes its nest on the ground and lays eggs there; some call it hazar dastan (a thousand tales). Some ignorant poets describe the nightingale also as hazar dastan. ~ [aganan] n enemy of fire, water. 2 In Sastarnammala, wind is described as enemy offire. If fuel is there, the wind helps it burn, but without it, the wind puts out the ambers. "pntham agan ke nam 1 at sabad an dehu, tanuj anuj suten ucar nam bal) lakhlehu." -Sdnama 150. 'fire's enemy (wind), his son and younger brother (Bhimsen and Arjun) the latter's charioteer (Krishan) and his enemy, the arrow.' l1fclIO })ffu })ffu 3QH })fQil 'IJ3'fu [agan an an tanuj anuj sutan] n arrOW-Sdnama. literally meaning enemy of fire, water; enemy ofwater, air; I son of air, Bhim; his younger brother, Arjun, with Lord Krishna as charioteer who was killed by an arrow. ~ [agnail n river of fire, maya (wealth) 2 desire. "nahI poh aganai."-var ram 2 m 5. 3 heat, torment. ))f(JJOFIl:fT [ag;:msakha] n friend of fire, wind or
aIr.
l')jdll'lR'dld
[aganvayu] Skt f'ClIi>t;r fuffirtr. a kind of fever accompanied with pimples on the body; its basic cause is disorder of heat in the stomach caused by excessive salt, sour, raw or overripe fruits, chillies, condiments, liquor and other intoxicants. The patient's appetite decreases, nausea sets in, body aches, more thirst follows and burning sensation is caused in the forehead. If not cured early, many ailments such as spruce, diarrhoea, dysentery, colic pain, flatulence, etc., come to seize the patient. To cure it, a mild purgative be given and vomiting induced, but such medicines as cause burning sensation in the stomach had better be avoided. A mixture of ophelia charitta, adhatoda vasica, bitter, patol patra (trichosauthess cucumerina), haritaki (myrobalan), balela (torminalia belerica), aula (emblic myrobalan), talchandan (red santalum album), bark of nimm (melia azadirachta) each taken in equal quantity, thoroughly boiled and sieved, when given in small measure to the patient proves beneficial, See
l'l1dIFi'l8'Fe.
[agansagar] See l'l1dIFi'lR 1dld. l'>t"iJlO3' [aganat], ~ [aganatu] See ~. "aganat sahu apni de rasI."-sukhmdni. ~ [aganbal)] See ~. "aganban ral). chuttde. "-jgnama. ~ [aganbhav] See FC3HM'~. 2 torment of separation. 3 feeling of anger.
lair dries up water.
[agnakh] n Shiv's third eye, which is in his forehead. According to the Purans fire is stored in it. 2 Shiv, who keeps fire in the eye. l'l1dll'li3ccd [agni'itkar] n the eradicator of fire, water. -Sdnama. ~rr [agnayudh] n fTC['!ifTJ}, l'l1d'Tf'i'l"-fH'q, ~. In the Purans there goes a story that a missile fired with the recitation ofAgni mantar (a spell offire) reduces foes to ashes, See~. 2 a musket, gun, fire-arms. })f(lJ(')Td" [agnarJ, ~ [agnan] n the fire of hell. 2 the fire of the womb. "nahI poh agnan."-asa m 5. See ('jTQ. :3 l'l1Of?iTf'tf, the flame of fire. 4 ~ (fire) and 'i'i'TQ (water).
lffilT()Tlf
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"aganrkDt mdlu uradh IIv laga."-bcra m 4. Nirukt it is defined as agarni. i.e. what is first ~~ [dganrkli4] See ~c 2 and ~~. put there in oblation is ag;:mr. See f3'o nrcrroll+. ~ [dgdnrkumar] Son of Shiv, Khranan. See O(idF3cQllI. 2 per Ayurveda (Hindu system of 3 desire. "kalrjug rathu aganr ka kUT agE medicine), ajuice which dispels diseases like rathvahu."-var asa m 1. phlegm, cholera, indigestion or dyspepsia, fever })fdJfo ~ [aganr astrd] Those who believe in and diarrhoea and constipation.The formula to Tantarshastar or the book of magic, hold that prepare it is: take mercury and sulphur in equal if a weapon is shot after the recital of a spell measures and grind them for three hours; then involving the god of fire, it burns the foe to ashes and brings about rain offire. 2 fire-arms take sweet aconytincal and borax, as much as mercury, and eight times black pepper; mix it and bombs like guns and muskets. Many with mercury; then grind this mixture in lemon people think that in the ancient times, in wars juice for seven days; when it gets thin and dry as ofthe Mahabharat such weapons were used, but researchers in history have established that like antimony, put it in a bottle. For a fully explosives were not invented till 1326 AD and grown up person a dose of one to two rattis is firearms were manufactured between 1344 enough. and 1354 AD. ~ [dganrkul] See ~. ~ [dgdnrsdkha] n the friend offire, wind })jdlFoFtWiij [agdnrjrhdv], ~ [dgdnrjrhv] or air. Skt 31fT'i' ~ none whose tongue is fire; a ~ [aganrsdtom] Skt ~}f n a form god. In the Veds, the god of fire is regarded of religious sacrifice consummated in five as the tongue of gods. The juice of things days with the burning ofSomras. 1 This is done oblated in it is taken by them. That is why for attaining entry into the heaven. "dgnihotr sacrifice is so hi'ghly rated in the Veds. satom."-GPs. ~ [dgdnrt] See l'lfd'ffu3'. 'l?IdlfoR'dld [dgdnrsagar] n an ocean-like world })fdJfo ~ [aganr tdlau] n the world, a pond which is full of sufferings and torments. of pains; a pond of torments troubling the "dgdnr sagar japr utdrhr par."-gau m 5. mind. 2 a womb. "agE dgdnr talau."-sava m 1. ~~ [agdnrhotr] n a rite of sacrifice })fdJfo 1.RJTiJ"O [dg;:mr prah;:m] adj a robe of fire, performed by dropping ghee in fire in the fiery attire, maliignant dress. course of reciting the Vedic spell. See '5q. ~ [dgdnrprikhya] See ~. })jdlfoJ2}1 [dganrhotri] Skt 31fTl'iQIGl,\n a person raTfoy~ [dganrpuraD] See ~-. who performs oblation with fire. See -J~l })jdlf(,)~:l'fe [dgdnrbar] See ~ . "kete 2See~. aganrbar te> jare."-cCJntr 405. 2 'wind hot like fire.' ~ c [dgdnrkDt] n 1?fOTfo an intermediate direction between the east and the south, ~ [dg;mrbaD] n In the magical treatises southeast. 2 Skt n 3If1t~ a firepit formed and the Purans, it is mentioned as an arrow with special specifications for performing a shot with the recitation of the fire mantar sacrifice and oblation. See ~~. 3 belly's which burns the army and equipment of the pit where resides; the fire of the womb. foe. See~. 2 a bomb or missile of the sort. I See Fh-RlJ:T. 3 According to Bernier rotating fire reels were
l1fil1fo [aganr] See l?fdT?l. 2 fire. (See L Ignis). In
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din. "-krrscm. [agampur] adj a place where there is no grief or anxiety. 2 n highest spiritual stage, salvation. "trtu agampure kahu krtubrdhr jaiE?" -asa eMH m 1. 3 one of the five forts of Anandpur where in Sammat 176 J Bhai Uday vasu."-s~va m 3. Singh and Ishar Singh fought against the Turk ~ [agnia], ~'(jf [agney] Skt ~'(jf adj army. 4 See ~. concerning fire, of fire. 2 n gold. 3 a volcanic ~~ [agamrup] n God, the eternal one; mountain. 4 ~. 5 southeast direction. indivisible appearance. "agamrup ka man 6 Skt~ adjcountless. "maM bir agnia." mahr thana."-gau a m 5. -GPs. l')f(JJ}/T [agma] adj unapproachable. See nran-r. ~ [agnEt] See ~. 2 a leader; one who "pIta mero bac;lo dhani agma."-guj d m 5. gives the lead. 2 See i)f{ffi-fJlT. '))f'(JJ'(fQfo [agnagun] sen guilty of countless })fdJ}fT})fcJJ}f [agma agam] utterly beyond approach, faults. 2 avarice; evil wealth. "agnagun ko absolutely unapproachable. "han agma agam harh6."-krrscJn. apara."-sopurakhu. l'>fOT'ifu" [agnat] See ~. l'>fiJIlj [agamu] See nran-r. idl(')OII'P21 [agnyastra] See >'>fa'I'fo ~. ~ [agamguru] See ~ 2. lffiJIH [agam] adj inaccessible, unapproachable. 'l'>fOTH'OIIT [agmya] Skt n a woman with whom "agam agocaru anathu ajoni."-sar a m 1. 2 n mating is a heinous sin; another's wife a tree. 3 a mountain. 4 Skt l?fCl1lfOII" adj especially of the teacher or the king. unapproachable. "agam tir nah laghanah." ~ [acyar] A .lV' plural of:am- strangers, -sdhdS m 5. 5 beyond the reach of intellect. aliens. 6 See rdTlf. 7 future. "jan nanak agam vicana." IORf [agar] Skt nrcng n an odorous tree found aplenty in Assam. There is juice in its roots -var gau 1 m 4. 8 a sacred text; a Shastar. which is extracted and mixed in incense, as "agam nrgam satrguru drkhara."-maru am 3. "han agam agocar gun agam dIkhali." also used in preparing perfumes. Its Latin name is Amyris Agalocha. I Its effect is warm -bhr m 4. 'The supreme Shastar has revealed and moist. "kasturr kDgu agar eadan lip I aVE it.' 9 Bhai Santokh Singh has used nran-r for 'arduous'. "sab b:i:dhI sugam agam kachu cau."-sri m 1. 2 SktraJ front. 3 adjforemost. nahi."-NP 4 noble, virtuous. 5 P ;; part if. ~ [agmai] adj unapproachable one. ~ [agrak] adj a chief; leader with an 2 ~ "agam agam agmai."-asa m 5. attendant walking in front. "agrak us ke bac;le 3 firelike. thagau."-asa m 5. l'>fORJfu [agarcr], ~ [agarce] P ...:>j; part l')fdJ}f()" ragman] See riJJ}f()". 2 not moving; firm though, even if. 2 although. ': position. ~ [agmane], >'lfCIIH?i" [agmam:] adv before ~ [agarval] a sub-caste ofthe Vaish caste. time, earlier. "rk dIn kDvarr agmane gai." Its origin is traced to Agroha village in Hisar -earitr 266.2 ahead of, in front. "bhej agmanE IE Eagle-wood.
idlf(')a i a1
})f(JJ}fy~
fired to frighten the elephants. [aganr bal).i] adj bittter speech that scalds the tongue. 2 n the text ofYajur Ved in which procedure for fire-oblation is described. iCIIO't [agni] See >'>fa'I'fo. 2 n malignant nature. "manmukh bole adhule trsu mahr agni ka
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district. 2 a Khatri sub-caste arising from Sarins. l?fiITTU [agah], fQfTftJ [agahI], ~ [agahu] adj Jo>fdlTQ" bottomless, boundless. "maha agah ))fcJRJTH [agraj] A til)' plural of:oJmir. needs. l'>IOIfa". ragan], })ji:J1'S!" [agaru] See iffiJrd". aganI ka sagar."--asa ill 5. "suru sabad sUl)ae ~ [aclab] A ~, adv predominantly, matI agahI."-basat a ill 1. 2 !OJ1Wf which cannot be grasped by the mind and the senses. probably, surely. l)f(ITW [agla] adv first, prime. "tu bakhsisi "harI agam agahu."-var brha ill 4. "gahyo agla."-var asa m 1.2 old, former. 3 front, fore. jo ne jaI so agah kEkE gahiat."-gyan. 3 See 4 very much, plenty. "Ikna ata agla Ikna nahi 11fT01l(J. 10l)."-s fdrid. 5 n hereafter; the next world. })fOJ1H [agaj], )o)fcJJTW [agajal, l'>fdT'ft:r [agajI] P )~ r ~ [aglai] advforward, to the next. "SUIna n beginning, creation, genesis. M~. 2 an ruppa paq. banh aglai apa."-BG 2 S in the echo, resonance. "tahI anhad sabad agaja." manner of a low caste; indecently. -sor ill 5. 3 which cannot be grasped by the ~ [agalIt] Skt fi'ldFfM3 adj swallowed. the mind and the senses. "sur nan gal) munI "pejhu dISsan ragule mariE agalItE."-GPs. bohay agajI."-savEYe ill 2 ke. See ~. 4 S 'Disgorging causes death.' 2 vomited, countless, innumerable. disgorged. ))fiJJ13" [agat] n one without body. eros. "upma ~ [agli] adj plentiful, much. "kheti jami agat."-gyan. 2 Skt})fT(Jl3" a guest. "jahf agat agli."-sri ill 3. "hurmatI tIS no agli."-var diney."-NP 3 ad; unknown. "nahI na tum te asa. 2 of the future, of the next world. "agli ab-hI agat."-NP 4 incorporeal, beyond the gal na jal)ia."-maru ill 5 ajulia. 3 See 1'iICJTW. body. "agat anada."-NP ~ [agvan] Se:e}o)fOJ}fi') and l?fI(JJ}f(')". "ap agvan >'>fiJIT3t [agati] See fOTT3" 1. 2 income, receipt. hOI tIS des."--GPs. 'May you reach that "aj nahi ko dam agati."-GPs. country.' ~ [agatr] See}~ 1. ~ [agvai] See ~. l)fiJJT'!i [agath] adj whose story cannot be told; ~ [agvan] n one who leads; a receiver. indescribable. 2 adj a headman, leader. 3 adv in front, })fidITQ" [agadh] ad; bottomless, unknowable, opposite. "nahI kur kaho tumre agvan."--NP very grim, serious. "agam agadh parbrahamu ~ [agvani] n welcome, lead, going SOI."-sukhilldni. 2 n the Creator, God, whose forward to receive. 2 headship, leadership. limits none can know; whose expanse cannot 3 future. "IS ko phal dekho agvani."-GPS. be grasped by the mind or intellect. 4 adv in front, in the presence of, "bhayo lop ~ [agadhbodh] adjwhose knowledge is dekhat agvani.':-GPS. limitless; having endless knowledge. ~ [agvariJ n an act during which limbs "agadhbodh samrath suami."-asa chat ill 5. J1!OTTfu [agadhI], iIOIIlJ [agadhu] See f(jJTQ". stretch in drowsiness; yawning. ~ [agaul] See l'iIiJh? })fQJT)f [agam], })IOTTW [agama] Skt fOT}fjf adj ~ [agau] adj advance (payment). 2 adv impassable, out of reach. 2 difficult to trace, before hand, in advance. scarce. "hath cano lal agama."-sar ill 5. See l')f(JJ'l'J1 ragas] n the sky. 2 firmament, heavenly IOT'lft. sphere. "jInI dhare bahu dharal)I agas."-gdu fO[1}-ft [agami] Skt 3~,adjexpectedto come; awaited. ill 5.
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[agar] n fronts ide or the front part. 2 adv forward, in front. "ItE guru agar ko sIdhar pau c;larkE."-GPS. 3 Skt lifTOTTO n a house, residence. "gun agar sabh sukh datar."-GPs. 'IOJTfu ragan], ~ [agari], f(Jfl;ft [agari] adv in front, forward. 2 in former times, in the past. 3 in future. 4 n the front halters or fetters of a horse; the front rope of a horse. ~ fl.rsr;ft wfu'a" [agari pIchari sahIb] See ;:ffi ~. rfcJr [agI] Skt llffa;r n fire. "ghan ghan eha agI."-s farid. 2 See iOTJf. ~ [apat] See ))fO]JIT3". ~ [apan] SktomR n ignorance, stupidity. uneducatedness, illiteracy. "gIan ajan guru dia agIan adher bInas."-sukhmani. See 0JJl1?i". ~ [apanta] Skt 3T~rFrill n ignorance, idiocy, stupidity. "guru kati agIanta."-asa m 5. ~ [agIanath] because of ignorance, for lack of education. "tum kahe bISarIO agIanath."-marum 5.2 n ignorance, illiteracy. ~ [agIanmatI] n an ignorant mind, a head devoid of knowledge. "agIanmati adher hE."-sri m 3. 2 adjwhose mind is devoid of knowledge. ~ [agIanI], ~ [apani] Skt;mrrR"'\ adj devoid of knowledge, ignorant, foolish. "agIani adha magu na ja!).E."-majh a m 1. 2 advsuddenly, without knowing. "bInSE kaci deh agIani."-sor m 5. ~ [agmt] See ~. l)f(Jft [agi] Skt lliOlfo n fire. 2 fires. "dukh kia agi mariahI."-var sar m 1. 3 to the fire. "agi pala kI kare?"-var majh m 2. . ~ [agu!).], ~ [agun] adj without merit, without skill or art. 2 without worldly desire, passion and quality of goodness. 3 demerit, vice. "gun sIkhraI agun parharkE."-GPS. l'>IQ!1f [aguru] See l?fORl'. 2 adjnot great or weighty. ~ [agua] n front, front side. 2 one who
lffiIT1Q
welcomes. "agua len agau ae."-caritr 247. 3 a leader. ~ [aguc;lh], ~ [agur] adj which does not remain hidden, manifest, well known. "re man mur, agur ISO prabhu tE kIh kaj kaho bIsrayo."-savEye 33. tlff [age] adv in front, face to face. 2 after this. 3 formerly. 4 in the next world. S manifest. "bhagat jana ki patI rakhE VICI kaIIjug age."-sar m 4. 6 See ~. ~ [ageu], ~ [agea] Skt 31WT adj which cannot be understood, incomprehensible. >:Ifiim [ageh] adj without a house, homeless. ~ [ageta] adv before time, premature. 2 adj early, early fruit. rcilor [agera], ~ [agere] adv before now, already. "tan upjan te hute agere."-GPS. [agE] adv in front, opposite. 2 in the next world. "agE jatI na jor hE."-var asa. lffiif [ago] adv in the first instance, in the first place, before death. "ago de je cetiE, ta kaItu mIlE sajaI."-asa am 1. 2 from the opposite side, from the front. "ta uh ago aOda mIlIa." -JSBB. ~ [agocar] adjwhich does not concern the senses. "agam agocar alakh apara."-bIla m 1. 2 not manifest or veritable. 3 hidden, concealed. "kab-hu na hovhu drIsatI agocar."-bIla m 5. 4 Just as ~ is used for fcI3uro, ~ is used for ~. "jo kachu dnsatI agocar avat, ta kahu man maya thahIravat."-cJbis. ~ a1'I? [agocar basatu] n the Creator, God. 2 spiritual knowledge. ~ [agot] n disappearance of caste; complete wipingout. This term is used for annihilation ofthe enemy, meaning that not a single person of the rival side is left alive. "satru mar kino agot."-GPs. 2 a low caste. 3 without any lineage, casteless.
nm
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unfathomable. "'ag;=>bh hE."-japu. Se(~ fOJH. "ag;=>m ag;=>m as;=>kh ~ [agode] adv in the beginning, during the loa. "-japu. 2 See lliOJ}f.if. earliest time. "agode satbhau na dICE, pIchode akhICl k=>mI na aVE."-var gau 1 m 4. l'>I'di'Hyo [ag;=>mpur] See rcJ!HldO. 2 a village in l?IilT3t [ag::Jti] adv firstly, formerly, from the police station Anandpur, tehsil Una, district Hoshiarpur, 25 miles east of Garh Shankar beginning. nrcIh? [ag::Jl] a village in Amloh sub-division, and Navanshahwr Doaba railway station. police station Bhadson ofNabha state; about There are two gurdwaras in this village: (a) Holgar, where Guru Gobind Singh, three furlong northeast of the village is a gurdwara named after Guru Tegh Bahadur. coming from Anandpur, used to hold Formerly there was no gurdwara building; congregation at the time of HoIa; the gurdwara only an old pipal tree was there under which, has no land attached and the priest is a Singh. (b) Dehra Mata Jito Ji. She was cremated according to tradition, the Guru had re:sted. in the land of this village in Sammat 1757. The construction of a building commenced in Sammat 1976. Bhai Natha Singh of Agaul There is a shrine at the cremation site near an donated 10 bighas of land to the gurdwara old pipal tree. It is about 1.5 miles west of which he himself is looking after with Anandpur. The gurdwara gets monetary grant dedication and devotion. of Rs. 100 annually assigned by Bhai Uday This villag(~ is to the nOliheast of Nabha Singh of Kaithal which is received from railway station, 6 miles by un metalled and 8 village Chiparcbiri, district Ambala. Another miles by metalled road. grant of an equal amount since the Sikh rule rcJTi:r [ag;=>j] adj indestructible, everlasting, See comes from village Khumerha police station Anandpur. Twelve ghumaons ofland assigned oTtr. ~ ~ [ag;=>jaD ag;=>jaD] adj destroyer of by the ancestors of Mian Pradyumen Singh zaildar is also in the name of the shrine. Its what is not destructible, annihilator of the priests are Singhs. See map of Anandpur. unannihilated. 1dlt!l'Sdll'l1H [ag;=>ju1ganime] -japu adjnot subject nrafHyor [ag;=>mpura] There is a village named Balachaur in district Ambala, tehsil and police to destruction by the enemies. rcri'i3' [ag;=>qJ adj not having temples etc. station Jagadharii. Half a mile northwest of "namastua ag;=>.q;=>."-gyan. this village is Gurdwara Agampura where the l'>IOT3' [ag;=>t] See~. Guru had stayed on his way from Kapalmonraf3t [ag;=>ti] adj countless, numberless, in- chan. It consists of a small building looked after by Akali Siinghs. It has 50-60 bighas of numerable. 2 fllturistic. 3 of the fllture. ~ [ag;=>tuk] Skt 3TlT1W adj (one) who comes; land donated by the villagers. It is connectd new comer. 2 cattle grazing on green plants. with Jagadhari railway station to the northeast by a seven-mile long metalled road. 3 n a guest. 4 next world, hereafter. nraf'Ef [ag;=>th] the next world. See raT3' and >ii'ar' [agga] n front side. 2 the next world, the hereafter. ~. " iha jas pavo, va<;l sukh hVE ag;=>th me."-PP rcJIJI' [agy] Skt 31'?1' an ignorant person. 2 unrcri'g [ag;=>bh] Skt 3P]"l='l-H, adj bottomless, educated" illiterate. 3 knowing little, semi
rcit3t [agoti] adj not of the same sub-caste.
roTH [ag;=>m]
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literate. [agyatl Skt ~ adj unknown. ntdl:il 13Hij(')1 [agyatjobnal, ntdIJfI3;;;~(')1 [agyaty;wnal In poetics, a type of naive heroine, unaware of her youth. f(JJ:ifT(')' [agyanl See ~. In Punjabi it is mostly written as ~ but, in poetry, in order to keep correct the number of matras l'>fdT.i!T?) is written. ~ [agyanl).ol Pkt ~ , ignorant, ignoramus. "garbel). agyanl).o."-gatha. 2 because of ignorance. ~ [agyanil See ~. in Punjabi verse it is better to write~. See l'>fdT.i!T?). l'>fOJ [agrl n a facade, front part. 2 adj first, topmost, foremost. 3 best. 4 chief, headman. ~ [agrhayal).l See !ORJ?). l'>fOJH' [agrajl n the first born, elder brother. 2 adv in the presence of, in front of, before. "jIm lute te agraj odhari ke."-c5(1i 1. 3 already. "agraj Ih balak mastana."-NP. l'>fOJMT [agrajal n the elder sister. 2 the river Ganga which is the elder sister ofall the rivers. See sanama 160. ntO]it [agral).i], ~ [agral).iv] Skt 311JUfr adj leader, headman, chief. "pachakarotI agrl).ivah."-sahas m 5. ~ [agrbhag] n front part, the front. 2 end, corner. 3 According to the Hindu scriptures, it is a part of food reserved beforehand for gods during feasts for the dead ancestors. })fUf [agh] Skt 31tt. vr to commit a sin or crime. 2 n sin. See fUl?iTFI?i'. 3 pain, sorrow. 4 irreligion. 5 affliction, evil. "bitat audh karat aghana." -savEye $ri mukhvak m 5. 6 a demon named Agh. See~. ~ [aghoghdali] adj ( one) who destroys all sins, or eradicates pain and suffering. "sac kah6 agh ogh dali sau."-datt. See mI. ~ [aghatak] adjwho eradicates sins and
IiJf.iI13"
pain. "agatak badm."-savEye ill 4 ke. ' ... say the destroyers of sins.' fl1/Ck [aghkatl, ~ [aghkatakl n a thorn for (rooting out) sin; river Ganga as a thorn to uproot sins.-sanama 265. 2 (one) who destroys sins. ~ [aghkhac;l], ~ [aghkhac;lakl, ~ [aghkhac;lanl adjwho negates or revokes sins. 2 who destroys suffering. "sukh sagar aghkhac;l." -sri ill 5. 3 who eradicates irreligion. ))lUre [aghatl adj not likely to be. 2 unfit, unworthy. 3 not likely to decrease; irreducible. 4 without body, formless. "ghat mahI khelE aghat apar."-gau kabir bavan. })fUfC(')' Uf2?iT [agatan ghatna] n one who turns the impossible into the possible; maker ofwhat cannot be made; maya. "hE aghatan ghatna su ghaneri."-GPS. ntUlfc3' [aghatIt] adj what has not happened; what has not been made. 2 impossible. 3 unfit. l')fUf(')T [ aghana] ))f1.J.f'dJO. See })fUf. 2 r-UfO not dense, sparse. l)ftIf('i'TA' [aghnasl, ~ [aghnasakl, fUf()Tl1'('i' [aghnasan] adj who destroys sin, who eradicates suffering. "abInasi aghnas." -bavan. "aghnasan jagadisurah."-var jEt. ~ [;:lghva] n embodiment or aggregate of sins. "nam ke let hare aghva."-krIsan. l')f1.tS' [agharl adj unhewn, unmade, unformed. 2 uninstructed, untrained. "gurumukhI bal).i aghar gharavE."-sIdhgosatI. 'Gurmukh forms speech in the taksal of sangat'. 3 See B-erB'. l')f1.tS' ft:i'ur [aghar slghl a Sikh warrior, nephew ofBhai Mani Singh. He killed Momin Khan, a Pathan of Kasur, who, on the orders of Murad Begum, headed an army, roaming about in the c0untry, to eliminate the Sikhs. Aghar Singh severed the head ofMomin Khan and presented it in a congregation of the Khalsa in 1757 AD. He fought many battles
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during the invasions ofAhmed Shah Durrani, aghulE."-prabha am 1. See~. and continued to serve the Khalsa with full flt! [aghu] S adj weak. 2 sick. dedication. flt!HO [aghuman] Skt ~<fo n a feeling of nfUIT [agha] n plural of i>fUf. sins. ";(otr 21gha dizziness; giddiness; falling in a whirl. "grryo sabh nas hohI."-var jEt. 2 adv forward, bebhumr jhumyo aghumyo."-ramav. yond. "agha srdhal).i sfga dhaul drll."-c;'}qi ~ [aghur] adj sans stare, snarl or scowl. 3. 'Sword cutting through the underworld "aghur netr ghumhi."-gyan. 'The stable ones went beyond the horns of the bull'. go about serenely.' 2 without ill-temper, serene, steady. ~ [aghaul).a], ~ [aghaI1:l] v to eat one's fill; to OVI;:reat; to be satiated. "gobfd ~ [aghural).J S,ee ~ and ~}ffiT. japat agharl).."-asa ch;'}t m 5. ~ [aghul] adjwithout dizziness. "karat pan ))fl.tI'TlJ'Q [aghasur] n a demon named Agh, payukh nrs drn ram rasrk aghul he."-saloh. younger brother ofVakasur, and Raja Kans's ' ...does not feel dizzy like drunkards.' 2 See army commander. Under Kans's orders, he ~. transformed himself into a python. All the ~ [aghor] adjwho is not formidable; lovely, associates of Lord Krishan entered its mouth beautiful. 2 n Shiv. fiijfu [aghon], iUmt [aghori] adjwho worships mistaking it for a cave. Krishan after entering Shiv. "jugia aghori muhr jhori me dharat it, expanded his own body so much that the hE."-hanu. 2 n Shiv's attendants. "aghon ar python exploded. "jivanmun huh hamri ab sou aghasur cabgayo he."-krrsan. agghae kate pare su prasana."-ramav. 'Shiv came and were satiated feasting on warriors IUf'i'iT [aghana] v to eat one's fill, See~. cut into pieces'. 3 a sect founded by Kinanram, 2 adj satiated. "bahut darab karr man na the deviant, who not only advocates the aghana."-gau m 5. consumption of wine and meat but also of l)fl1fTfu [aghanJ adj fUf-~, enemy of sins; excreta as part of religious practice. Aghoris goodness. 2 Lord Krishan, enemy of demon consider eating in skulls ofthe dead as sacred. Agh. They are also called Kinaramie. ~ [aghavanL ~ [aghavna] v to eat one's fill, overeat. See ~. "amnt nam })fUfo [aghan] short form for})f!.ll(JfO; heap ofsins. "dekh caran aghan haryau."-savEye m 4 ke. pna pritr manohar rhE aghavan pan kau." })ffi' [ac] Skt ~ vr to go, walk, respect, beg. -sar m 5. "IUit [aghi] adjwho sins. 2 an irreligious person. ~ [ackara] a gal).rk metre also called sragvrl).i, kamrnimohna and lak$midhara. It 3 a libertine. "ham se ju aghi trn ko gatr has four lines, each line (having four ragans) devan."-NP organised as SIS, SIS, SIS, SIS: })f'l.tft;:Jr [aghija] adjsatiated, surfeit. See ~~. Example: ~ [aghut] adjdrinking a sip ofwhich is rare. abrka totla sitla sakrni, "aghut amrrt sam."-paras. sfdhuri suprabha subhrama <;lakrni, ~ [aghul] adj free, unbound. See ~'. savja sabhri sfdhula dukkhri, l'>IlgC?O" [aghulna] v to get release, achieve samrla sabhla suprabha duddhri. '-paras. liberation."trn ki dhup aghuliE."-oJkar. 2 to be different, get separate. "ko guru parsadr 'These are all Durga's names.
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l'>ItIO [aean] v to eat; to dine, See

~
flB}f('j.
l'>ftlIDffu" [aealmatr] n lasting or unwavering
[acancet] adv suddenly, without prior intellect. 2 adj possessing firm intellect. notice, abruptly. "satr guru purakh aeal acIamatI."-sar m 4. f;JOT [aena] v to eat, See flB}f('j. nH::JM'i!Z'l'S' [aeal vatala] Two kos to the south of })ffiO [aear] adj which does not move, inert. Vatala in Gurdaspur district, there is Achal 2 Iter inedible, not fit for grazing. 3 n the temple dedicated to Mahadev; The name of Creator, who is ever still and stable. 4 lack of the village has also come to be known as knowledge. "acar carr ta SIdhI hoi."~sor m 4. Achal, after this temple. Together with Vatala, })ffiO tJaOT [aear ,earna] v to eat the uneatable. it is called Achat Vatala. Here in Sammat 2 to consume the unconsumable; sins. "acar 1586 a discourse took place between Guru Nanak Dev and the Gorakhpanthis described carr ta nIrmal hoi."-dhana m 3. 3 to move the immovable. as Sidhgost in Guru Granth Sahib. "mela sUD })ftJOM [acaraj] Ski 3TI1iTrf n wonder, astonishment, SIvratr da baba aealyatale ai."-BG amazement, surprise. "aearajrup nIr5jano." Shivratri fair is held on the 14 th of the -sri m 5. bright half of the lunar month of Phagun. A gurdwara was raised where the Guru stayed ~ [aearar:tl SkI ~ n behaviour, conduct, action. "kahiat an, aeariat an kaehu."-sor is named Achal Sahib. A ber tree from the time of the Guru is still there. Maharaja Ranjit ravrdas. 'One thing is said, but another is Singh allotted 150 ghumaons of land to the done.' 2 a carriage such as the chariot, etc. ~ [aeariat] behaviourism. See ~ 1. gurdwara besides sanctioning an annual grant ~ [acal] ad} immobile, immovable, fixed. of Rs. 50. The priests are Singhs. "acal amar nIrbhr pad palo."-brla m 9. 2 n itfMT [acIa] n the earth.' 2 adj still. a mountain. 3 Pole Star. 4 the Creator. 5 a ~ [aclamatI] See l'>ftlIDffu". village in Gurdaspur district. See ~ ~. ~ lades], ~1I~ [adesur] ~-m, ~ wft:ra" [aeal sahIb] See ~~. ~. adjthe mountain-king. 2 n Mahadev, Shiv, master ofKailash mountain. 3 Shivling ~ tR? crfi.p,rr [aeal cal thapla] See treJ::E. installed in village Achal. See ~ and ~ ~ i5"C [ac;~l that] In music, a scale in which ~. all tunes can be played without moving the equippage positionally; it contains pure notes: ~ [aeyan] SkI n munching, chewing, eating food. "aeyan lage saray mIl tab-hi."-GPS. :;;araj, rr:;;abh, gadhar, madhyam, p5eam, 2 See flB}f('j. dhrvat and nI:;;ad :;;udh; rr:;;abh, gadhar, dhrvat and nI:;;ad komal; and madhyam tivar ))ffil'U [aeah] adj sans desire; without want; satisfied, patient. (slow-fast). They are thirteen notes in all; depending on the volume they can be I Sanskrit scholars of ancient times have called the earth Achal (static) and the stars of the firmament as moving. multiplied to 26 and 39. See ore F.l"8'"i:!. Guru Gobind Singh interprets Achla as the earth. It does ~ [aeal thaI).] immovable place, fixed not end with kings who call themselves bhupati position. 2 four stages ofspiritual knowledge; (husband of earth). "sag cali abb nahf kahD ke sac kah5 fourth state of the soul l.I"t. "jaki drrsatI agh ogh dali saD. cel re cel acet maha pa~u. kahD ke sag aealthaI).."-savEye m 2 ke. 3. God, Creator. cali na hali haO."-ddtt. ~ '8'2"'l?1' [aeal batala] See ~~.
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[acacall] adj without playfulness, not sprightly, immobile, See ~. ~3" [acacetl, ~ [aca!).ak], ~CI [acaI).cakk] adv suddenly, unexpechldly, without prior inkling or warning. l'>I'tJTi [aca!).a] adj who eats. "aca!).a jua!).a." -kalki. 2 See })~. })ftJTO [acan], })ffiT(')C\ [acanak] See ~."ban acan hanyo."-krIsan. })ft:JTO [acar] P .J(p1 pickle; an edible preparation 't of salt, chilli, mustard, oil, vinegar, jaggery, etc. "anIk acaran lIavan thana."-Gps.:2 Skt ~ establishi~d rules of conduct, character, social behaviour. "guru mIII caju acaru sIkhu."-sri m 5. l'>I'tJTaif [acaraj] See ~. ~ [acarvat] ~ [acarvatI] adjwhose conduct and manners are good; of noble character. "acarvatI sai pardhane."-majh ill 5. ~ [acari] See ~. J?ffi12 [<)caru] See ffJTQ 2. J?ffu3" [aCIt] adj insentient, senseless. "ham acIt acet na janhI gatI mItI."-kan m 4. :2 ate, tasted. 3 Skt nrfB'3". neither overtly known nor sincerely learnt. ~ [acft] ad; free from anxiety, carefree. "acft hasat buagi."-sar m 5. 2 J?fftf3:;r, which cannot be thought of. "acft hamare karaj pure."-bher a m 5. 3 beyond thinking, forgotten. "cftama!).i acft karae."-BG 'With a touch of the Guru's feet, worries caused by thinking drop from the mind.' 4 adv suddenly, without prior thinking. "acft kam karhI prabhu tIn ke jInI han ka nam pIara."-sor am 3. ~ [acftclan] n a gift bestowed without asking for it; an unsolicited gift. ~ [adtammItta] See ~ (d). ~ [acfta] n thoughtlessness, lassitude,lack of impulse to exert oneself. "cft acfta sagli
~
gai."-bher a m 5. 2. state of being carefree. })ff;f~ [<)cftu] See })ff;f3". 2 n carelessness, indifference. 3 state of being carefree. "efta bhI apI karaIsi" acftu bhi ape deI."-s kabir. ~ [aCItr] ad} who cannot be depicted. 2 without shaiJe; formless. "su bhute bhavIkkhe bhavane aCItre."-akal. J?Ifu'a" [acn] adv without delay, soon, at once. ~ [acutj Skt })ffi~~ adjnot fallen, unpolluted. 2 undripped, not leaking. 3 unmoved, ever steady. 4 n God, the Creator. "gu!). gavat acut abInasi."-sor ill 5. ~. [acutgotri] adj of infallible descent, of God's lineage. 2 a saint who discards pride ofcaste and considers himselfGod's offspring. })j~aa(')cl [acut-tamh] son of the infallible One, son of God, saint. "bhagvan SImra!). nanak labdhya aCllt-tanah."-sahas m 5. :2 infallible form, indestructible form. ~ [acutpuja] adjunbroken (uninterrupted) worship. "acutpuja jog gopal."-bIla m 5. J?f [acuk] adj unerring, unfailing, sure. f;J3" [<)cet] adj Ilacking in consciousness; insensible. 2 foolish, idiotic. "nar <)cet ! pap te q.ar re."-gau m 9. 3 unconscious, senseless. ~ [acetan] adj unconscious. 2 entranced, swooned. 3 imbecile. ~ [acetpfQ.i] adjhaving senseless body; slothful; lacking in zeal or watchfulness. "<)cetpfq.i <)gIan adhar."-bIla m 3 var 7. })jtlafu<i!AEjI [acetb:[vastha] n condition of being senseless; torpor. "acetbIvastha mahI laptane."-suhi m 5. ~ [<)cetbuclhI] n mental inertia; a dull person; fool. [acm] adj restless, perturbed, uneasy. })j,hft [acori] n absence of theft. 2 adv not secretly; openly. "javhfge mam pra!). acori." -NP 'Breathing will stop at the sight of it'. J?Itfar [acag] ad} without a parallel, the best.
nm-o
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"acag bhog bhugaIa."-BG

~ [acacal] adj earnest, not playful. 2 sober,
earnest. ~ [acabhau], ~[acabhav],l?iBw [acabha], ~ [acabhIO] n an impossible happening, astonishing event; a surprising matter usually considered impossible. "kahIo na jai ehu acabhau."-gau mala m 5. "ek acabhau dekhIo."-S kabir. "sagri SrISatI dIkhay acabhav."-c.Jpai. "maha acabha sabh man lahyo."-GPs. ~ [accvi] n uneasiness, restlessness (as of a fish out of water. ~ [acyut] See ~. 1?15 [ach] See})fcij( and nf5. 2 S ocean, sea. ~ [achaj] adj inglorious, inelegant. "alap ajog achaj."-kalki. 2 n mucous formed in the eyes. })fiiS [achat] H adv in the presence of, face to face. 2 despite the existence of, in the presence of. "achatraj bIchurat dukh paIa."-sor ravrdas. 3 Skt )o)fS5 adj without a wound, unhurt. 4 undivided, uncut. 5 n whole unbroken grains of rice used in religious ceremonies. "achat dhup dip arpat hEn." -hajare 10.6 (per Katyayan) unhusked barley grains. ~ [achmal], fSHTW [achmala] See l'>IIDflW. l)f&:tif [achay] See ~. ))fiffi [achar] adj innocent. guileless. "acchE achan acchar achar."-gyan. 2 See Rire" and ))fCRf. "bavan achar 10k trE."-gau bavan kabir. l)f&RJT [achra] See ~. ~ [achrak], ~ [achrag] Rire"-nfcr n a seal or stamp with letters inscribed. "dur khare achrak lavae."-NP. 'From a distance (the navab) got (the shop) sealed'. ~ [achal] adjwithout deception or duplicity, guileless. 2 who cannot be deceived. "achal ached apar prabhu."-dhana m 5.
[achal chala] adj not susceptible to deception, i.e., God. "munI jan gavhI achal chala."-savEye m 1 ke. 2 Lachhmi, goddess of wealth that is not suspectibleto guile. 3 wealth which deceives the undeceiving worshippers. ~ [achli] See ~. "achli prabhu pahIcanIa."-asa dhana. fST [acha] See 'l?f5r. ~ [achai] n goodness, virtue, cleanliness. 2 kindness, gentleness. ~ [achaJ.:l] S whiteness, brightness. ntS"t!7i [achadan] See ~. ~ [achadIo], nrsrft1'>fT [achhadIaJ covered, wrapped, See ~. "Ese gunah achadIo prani."-asa m 5. l)figT'i') [achan], ~ [achana] Skt ~ adj not concealed, evident, apparent, famous. See 150. 2 See ~. l')fSl1.f [achap] adjwithout imprint or impression; who does not have identification marks like conch, shell or quoit, on his body. 2 without a sign or symbol. ~ rachIal })f6if(if. adj indestructible, imperishable. "ached achIa."-akal. l?Ifif,:r [achIjj] adj not subject to wearing out, unbroken. "achIjj rup anbhE."-gyan. ~ [achIt] See t5'3" 2. "sagal dharam achIta."-g3Q namdev. 'while performing all religious acts.' 2 Skt rfu'3" adj unbroken, integral, uniform. "acchu achIt."-gyan. ~ [achIta] See >?iG3" 2. "sagal dharam achIta."-g5Q namdev. 'performing all religious rites.' ~ [achutt], ~Ef [achutth] adj untouched. 2 which cannot be caught. "gae vir achuttha." -ramav. ~ [achup], 'fl..fT [achupa] Skt ~l.f adj naked, undressed. "rag surag kurag achupa." -BG 2 unworthy of touch. See ~.
~ S'W
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[aehu] adjuntouched, untouchable. "aehhu tuhi."-CJkal. ~ [aehuhr;tiJ, .~ [aehuhnI] See ~iI'<Y. ~ [aehut] adj untouchable "aehut."--japu. 2 low born; untouchable, whom to touch is regarded sinful. ~ [aeheu] adj impregnable, which cannot be pierced. 2 unseverable. ~ [aeheh], ~ [aehehu] adjwithout a hole, unpunctured. 2: uncut, undivided. "pad arbfdan prem aehehu."-GPs. 3 boundless, much. "bhayo saneh aeheh duhan man."-GPS. ~ [ached] Skt ~ adj impregnable, indivisible. "ached hE."-japu. ~ [aehep] See ~. ~trn' [aehepak] adj who slanders. 2 who throws. 3 who inserts additional matter in a book; who interpolates. iibf [aehem] n lack of (au-spiciousness), inauspiciousness. 2 disquietude. ~ [aehev] adjfaultless. 2~. impregnable. "aehev hari."-CJkal. ~ [achE] adj indestructible. ~ [aehot], r~ [aehota] adj involved, unengrossed, untouched. "kaval aehota."-BG 2 See~. ritr [aehop] See ~ and ~. 2 of no consequence, trivial, small. 3 n~ked. ~ [aehobh] adj without ~ (fluster); calm, quiet, patient, without playfulness. l'ifi: [aeeh] Ravan's son Aksh, See l'~. "pur jar aeeh kumar ehE ban tarkE phII' aIyo."-ramav. 2 birds such as blue jay, etc. "kete nabh bie aeeh paeeh ko karf'ge bhaeeh."-CJkal. 3 Skt ~ n crystal. 4 clean water. 5 adj clean, clear. 6 sacred. 7 sectarian scholars define it is mean an egg. l'ifi:~ [aeeh kumar] Ravan's son, Aksh, who was killed by Hanuman. See ~ and l'>f5' 1. ~ [aeeh8rl See ~ and }')fl:ffi. "aeeh8r adI ani! anahat."-savEye 33.
mr
[aeehra] Skt 3:r~ n a female denizen of the land of gods; a fairy, nymph, See l')fl..fffijT. 2 adj having beautiful eyes, fawn-eyed. "vIlok aeehran ko apaeehra Iajavhi."-ramav. See r-I'&ffir. 3 Skt r~ n utterance, narration, speech. ~ tl'irer 'Jf&R:Jr [aeehra pacehra maechra] See ~ 2 and r-I'&ffir. nrsat [aeehri] adj of~, of a character, or a letter. 2 n a fairy, nymph. 3 See >ii'sw 2. ~ [aeeha] Skt~ adjclean water. 2 a crystal. 3 a bear. See ~. ni'gq- [aeehek] rfc~-Eq-. one eye. "aeehek kupa."-parCJs. 'One eye is like a well'. l')fi{ [CJehr] a character, letter (of alphabet). "su kabo! tahI aehr bana kahIyo."-ramav. 2 an eye. "matas sabad pnthme uean aehr sabad pun dehu."-sCJnama. milter's eye. l')fi{ tr.a [aehr paehr] 3TW "5R9 desire to know letters (ofalphabet); questions about grammar. "aehr ke pachr ke SIddh sadhe."-CJkal. 2 sectarian scholars interpret it as this and the next world; here and there. fiiT [aehra], ~'t [aehri] a fairy, celestial damsel. "ghumat gEl) aehri uehah."-kCJlki. 2 When ~, l.Ii[T and Hi[T occur together, the sectarian scholars interpret them as a woman of this world, a fairy of paradise and a female of the underworld respectively. See l')fi{. ntH [aj] Skt ~ adv today. "calal) aj kI kal." -s fCJrid. 2 Skt 3T'if, vr to throw, drive, go, run. 3 Skt 3T"f adj who does not take birth. "aj abInasi jotI prakasi."-saloh. 4 n Brahma. "Clj $IV mdr ramapatI thaq,e."-sCJloh. 5 a billy goat. "aj kE vasI guru kino keharI."-asa m 5. ' ... put pride in subjection to humility.' 6 the moon. 7 son of king Raghu of the solar clan and ruler of Ayodhya, who was the husband of Indumati and father of Dashrath. "tate putI' hot bhayo aj bar."-VN. 8 Cupid.
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9 the Creator. 10 P JI part from. "dJlte az mah ta rnahi turast."-zIdgi. })Itm" rajas] n infamy, ignominy. "IS 10k ajas nahI qan: kur."-GPs. ~o [ajsEn] son of Janmejay who is also known as Ajay Singh. ~ ~ [ajhatI laeehl)a] Skt ~ n a distinction of the figuntivesort in which the predicate has a meaning other than its literal sense. In 'Thieves slipped away as soon as they saw black uniform.' black uniform signifies policemen in addition to the dress. })ftIg [ajahu], ~ [ajhu], ~ [ajhu] adveven now, still, despite this. "aj-hu bIkar na choqai."-brla kabir. "ajhu kaehu bIgno nahi" -tilJg m 9. ~ [ajkal] Skt ~ Cffijj today and tomorrow. 2 dilly dallying. "ajkal kardIa kal bIap."-vaq alahI)i m 1. 3 a little time, brief duration. ~ [azxud] P J;;I part by oneself, personally. tffilRJ' [ajgar] n a swallower of goat; a large snake, python. "ajgar bhar lade atI bhari." -mala m 1. 2 adj very heavy, weighty. 3 painful. 4 difficult. "ajgar kapat kah-hu kIu khulL"-maru solhe m 1. 5 See ~. ~ [ajgaru] See tffilRJ'. ~8' [ajgrb] P ~ JI adv from an unseen place, i.e. from the other world. ~ i;:r [ajgrbi phJil n an army of martyrs, army coming from some invisible place. See
~.
bIifar [ajagg] adj without a religious sacrifice.

2 supernatural, not of this world. "sukhagga adagga ajagga."-kalki. 'the sword, unblemished and exceptional.' ~ [ajdah], ~ [ajdaha] P ~Jjl a python. 2 a snake. "eu tGd ajdah."-ramav. })fR('i [ajan] adj without any human being; desolate. 2 without birth. 3 See })ff,:;o. ~ [ajnabiJ A ~I adj marginal, unknown.
2 foreign. [ajanam], fffi'iHT [ajanma] Skt ~ adj who does not take birth, beyond birth. 'l'>f'N01ll [ajnas] A \J'>.I plural of ft::roR" things, samples. ~ [ajne] advwithout knowing, unknowingly, by mistake. "bhnttan mo ajne tum tat anyo." -krrsan. ~ [ajnad;m] n sonofl?ffi, Dashrath. l)fHtI' [ajap], l'>ItI'lfT [ajapa] adj which cannot be recited constantly. 2 who rears goats. 3 Skt ~ n peryog, recitation of God's name in silence; mental recitation while thinking of characters 'cr' and 'H' ('cJH' known as gayatri mantar) with each inhalation and exhalation, respectively. ~ [ajapajap] n mental recitation without the help of the tongue. "ajapa jap na visr." -var mala m 1. "atam updes bhes sajam ko jap su ajapa jap."-hajare 10. 2 adj recitation of the transcendent Creator. 3 recitation without the aid of a rosary. 4 See l'>ItI'lfT 3. ~ [ajapEl P 4-;1 adv for, for the sake of. 2 therefore. l'>Ifm' [ajab] A --rf adjsurprising, strange, novel. "ajab kam karte han kere."-majh am 3. 2 a resident ofDaroli and brother ofUmar Shah, who became a disciple of Guru Arjan Dev. Appointed as a masand (Sikh preacher-cumcollector), he served the congregation at Amritsar. See ~ and it:! 'ffi!. l'>Ifm' })fiMfT [ajab ajaba] adj stranger than the strange, strangest. "patIt udharal) ajab ajaba."-BG l'>Ifm' ft:fur [ajab sIgh] See ~ 'tRur. })fM8T [ajba] a varl)Ik metre also called akva, kanya and tirl).a. It is a stanza of four lines, each line being organised as SSS, S. Example: laggE tira, bhagE bhira. rosa rujjhe, asta jujjhe.-ramav.
nmoH
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[ajbakrItI] >1fi'rn-~ a strange form, quaint shape. "ajbakntI ht."-japu. ~ [ajam] A (adjmute, dumb. 2 11 The Arabs call Iran and Turan ajam because they regard it as a country of dumb people. As compared with them they do not consider the latter as good speakers . "hakayat $unidem $ahe ajam."-hakayat 8. })f'ff}f'3" [ajmat] A J glory, greatness. 2 grandeur, veneration. 3 a miracle. "$ara man kE azmat dEn."-GPs. ~ [ajmau!).a] v to test, try, put on trial, experiment with. ))fil H'iJ or [az mah ta mahi] P LS'L C~L )/. from the moon to the fish, or from the sky to the underworld. See!H 1O. })fR}-ITi'jT [ajmana] See ~. l1Iffi-ITliIF.r [ajmaya$] P J!LJ1 11 a test, trial, an examination. See ~. ~ [ajmidh] See ~. l)(ffijl:i' [ajmukh] 11' one whose face is like that of a goat, son of Brahma. See ~ 2. ))fj=J}fq [ajmedh] 11 an oblation accompanied by the killing of a goat. "gavalabh ajmedh aneka."-rama v. ~ [ajmer] ~~ 11 a town founded by Raja Ajaypal ofthe Chauhan dynasty in Sammat 202, which is now an important city in Rajputana. Here is the mausoleum of the famous Muslim saint Khwaja Muinuddin Chisti 1 who died in
~f3"
wm
1235 AD. It is called Khwaja Sahib di Dargah. In history books a wonderful story is related about it. In the course of an expedition, attendants of the Dargah used to unstring the bows of the commanders and keep them in the mausoleum for the night. The foillowing morning he, whose bow was found duly strung, was considered one chosen by God to lead the expedition and become the ruler. Per the custom, when Darashakoh's bow was found strung, Aurangzeb after being enthroned, got the whole matter examined and discovered that there was a tunnel connecting the room where bows were placed with the house of the priest who used to string one of the bows during the night. '''nIj ghar te surag ke rahu. jaI mujavar madrr mahu. adar dehI kaman caqhaI. IS bIdhI rakhi banat banaI."-GPs. ~ fi:fur [ajmer sigh] See am-ft F.J1'(J. ~tft!' [ajmercad] son of Raja Bhim Chand who without any reason but like his father, was an opponent of Guru Gobind Singh. ~ We' IDf'(f ~':t [ajmer VIC kama!). carhni]
See~.
'This Muslim saint was born in central Asia in J142 AD. He visited Samarkand, Baghdad, Jilan, Hamdaan and Mecca in pursuit of religious knowledge. He was gn:atly influenced by the Sufi Saint Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani. He reached Ajmer in J 166 AD and preached Islam till the age of seventy. After converting a Hindu saint of Ajmer into a Muslim, he married a Rajput woman. His daughter, Bibi Hafiza Jamal, also preached Islam far and wide. Thousands of Hindus and Muslims visit his mausoleum from far off places.
[ajay] adj unconquerable, invincible [ajya] Skt n hemp, cannabis. 2 Bhai Gurdas has used this word in place of a nanny goat. "ajya adhin tate param pavItr bhai." -BGK. l'>I'HQ [ajar] adj intolerable. "sadhu kE sagI ajar sahE."-sukhmani. 2 Skt sans ;::RJT (old age), ever young, new. 3 A ;:1 11 reaction, consequence. 4 See rft:IQ' 2. 5 who never gets old; ideas. "ajar gahu janIE amar gahu manIE." -maru m 1. 1')fffiJIjl:f [ajarsukh] adj ever new happiness, permanent comfort. ~ ffiJ(!T [ajar jar!).a] v to tolerate the intolerable, digest the indigestible. "ajar pad kEse jarau."-kalI m 5.
))fHtif
>'>INtiJT
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strange, quaint, majestic. "djaIb bIbhute." -japu. 2 brother of Umar Shah and Ajab and a loving disciple of Guru Arjan Dev. See})f"tl"<f. ~ ft:fur [djaIb sigh] See ~ fi:fuf. l'>fHTEl [djai] in vain, useless. See ~. "mdnmukh kdrdm kdre djai."-prabha am 5. 2 a wrong place. "bhula phin:: djai."-prabha m I. ~ [ajae] See nfRTfu. 'l)f;:[Tij' [djah] without a specific place. "djah hE."-japu. 2A ~I:>' n a curtain, screen. 3 a cover for the pillow, quilt, etc. l')fH'Ttft [ajaci] adj unestimated, inestimable, beyond estimation. "dmdr djaci hdU mIle." -oJnkar. "toldu nam djaci."-maru m I. "sdtIguru te magdu nam djaci."-maru solhe m 4. 2 adv without asking for, without begging. 3 Skt3~,adj(one) who does not beg or ask for. ~and~. l'>fNl<!' [djal).], ~ [djal).ata] adj devoid of ft1T [dja] n a nanny goat. "dja bhogat kad knowledge, unknowing, ignorant. "soi djal)., mula."-sahas m 5. 2 wealth. 3 nature. "jih kahe me jana."-asa m 5. "pukarata djal).ata." sdtta ke dja dlaba."-NP. 4 adj unborn, free of -var sar m I. 'reads the scripture but birth. "dje he, dja he."~japu. 5 a vdrl).Ik metre, understands it not.' S~. also called djan. It has four lines, each being rtl"'3' [djat] Skt 3l\ilTcl adjwho is not born. "ajat organised as ISS, SIS, I, 5 : he."-japu. 2 Skt 3rnm untraced, unknown, Example: without trace. "kupal). bal). bah-h4 djat ag lahdjite jit jitke, hi."-VN. 'With alacrity they strike with dbhiri bhaj bhiru hve, swords and arrows and unknowingly cut off sIdhare cinraj pe, the limbs'. 3 See ftITf'3' 2 and 3. sdthoi sdrb sath ke.-kalki. rtl"'3' ~ [ajat $atru] adj whose enemy is not 6 A ~, limbs, collectively so regarded. born; without any enemy. 2 Guru Nanak Dev. 3 King Yudhishthir. 4 a scholarly king of l)fBf [dza] P UUI part from that, with or by means of that. 2 for him. Kashi who imparted spiritual instruction to a l)ftI'IlW [dja-a], nfRTfu [djaI],))fii"ifu [ajaI] S~ Brahman. ' 5 Bimbsar's son and king of A adj useless, for nothing. "muc;!a muc;! IS ee Koshitaki Upnishad, Ch. 4.
[djdr pdd] See rtI"Q ~. ~ [djrail], ~ [djrailu] See GfuB3t". "djrailu phdre$ta tIlu pire ghal).i."-gau var I m5. ~ 'iil"< [djrana kalii] a village in tehsil Thanesar of Karnal district. It has a gurdwara named after Guru Teg Bahadur. 1'>fHaTHQ [djramdr], ~ [djravdr] Skt ~ adj free from old age and death. 2 better than gods, i.e. lord of gods. "hi djravdr dmdr tiL" -maru a m I. 3 Skt~. spread on the way, scattered on the road. "ldtta heth ldtarie djravdr ghahu."-BG ))fffl? [djal] adjwithout water. 2 A ..y., n time to die. 3 death. 4 appointed time. 5 old, venerable (person). 6 A Jjl beginning. 7 time past that cannot be determined. ))f'iN [djdV] without movement. 2 weak. 3 See l'lii're'. 4 A ,;.r a limb. ~ [djvam], ~ [djvaydn] Skt~ and ~ n parsley seed or plant resembling aniseed; a kind of medicine beneficial for digestion. "yako dnupan ajvaydn."-NP. See
djaI."-S kabir. "so dIn jat ajae."-gau m 5. 2 unborn, eternal. "ajaI jdrabIn."-savEye 33. 3 who has no place; not living at any particular place. "ndmdsta djae."-japu.
~[djaIb]P ~If pluralof~and~,
dw.
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I] I
billy goat. 2 son ofKingAj, Dashrath. "ajanad juko sat610k janE."-cantr 102. })ffi'tI' [ajap] adjwhich cannot be recited, which has no recitation. "jap ke krye te j:>pE payat ajap dev."-aka1. })ffi'tI' HTtf [Cljap jap] adj reciting the name of One (God) who cannot be contained in repetition. 2 See 11fRl.jT FfT1.f. "Cljap jap jap-hi." -suraj. ~ fJ::fur ~ [Cljapal sfgh baba] The antecedents of Baba Ajapal Singh are not known to any one. In which town or family he took birth, of this nothing is known. He was a teacher of weaponry, a reciter of the divine Nam and was the embodiment of meditation. Reference to his aiding some Rajput noble of Bhadra town in Raj putana in Sammat 1812, and to his stay in ajungle of Jind near Patiala have come down but their full details are not available. During Sammat 1830 this revered person stayed in a grove near Nabha and continued to live there till his death.' Here he preached the Sikh faith and imparted weapontraining with full zeal and fervour. His weapons are still displayed in the gurdwara lJWi'l FEi here. His great devotee, Baba Sarup Singh, '))fR'lt!" [Cljad] See l?fTt.ITt!". "ajad hE."-japu. was among my (the author's) elders. After the ~ [ajadr]l?iFf -l1flft: Brahma, etc. nIH'tft [ajadi] See ~ and )'}flB~. death ofBabaAjapal Singh, he was appointed ))fRTO [ajan] adj without knowledge, ignorant. chief priest of the gurdwara. See~rnur~. "janE kaha ajan."-GPs. 2 Skt l'fi'l'TQ adj upto l')fHT ldlJO [Clja prasun] a billy lamb, a goatling. the knee. "bhuj bar ajan."-ramav. 3 A UI)I n -GV 10. advertisement. 4 a call from the mosque or its l')fM"a' [Cljab] A ",:",11),; n pain, suffering. 2 calamity, minar for Muslim prayer, also called bi'ig. The adversity. 3 admonition about hell. "toba practice of Clzan commenced from the time of pukarE jo pavE ajab."-nasihat. 4 See ~ prophet Muhammad. According to rules, azan and l?ffI'Ta'T. "prkh ~ah ajab."-GPS. "~Clbad call is given with face towards Mecca and rClbabi rag ajab."-GPS. ears plugged with fingers. Foull men, ftl1'ST [ajaba] A ":'''If adj strange, wonderful, surprising. "avrlokat hE nrj rup Cljaba."-NP drunkards and women do not have the right to give this call. See~. ~ [ajanad] n a nanny goat's offspring, a 'Babaji passed away on Jeth Sudi Sammat 1869.
1
Rajgrih who killed his father but later repented a lot and became a Buddhist. He ascended the throne around 554 BC and died in 527 BC. Darshak was the son ofAjatshatru and Uday was his grandson. nrtf13" W<JI'ij" [ajat sagar] See nrtf13" thIT. nrtf13"thit [ajatpathi] members of an Udasi sect founded by Bhagat Bhagvan. Surjan Das belonged to this sect. His seat was at Ajneval in Gujranwala district. He described himself as free from any sham or sect, for which his followers came to be known as Ajat Panthi. Surjan Das compiled a granth named "Ajat Sagar". IH'f3" [ajatr] adj without caste. "jatr me na aVE so ajatr kE kE jan jry."-gyan. 2 of a low caste. "jatr 2 jatr namu jrnr dhrara, trnr param padarath para."-vaQ ch5t m 4. 3 P .11)1 free, unbound, without shackles. "jo lauc;la prabhr kia ajatr."-asa m 5. 'The disciple whom the master has set free.' ~ [ajatu] adj belonging to a low caste. "suansatr ajatu sabh te."-keda r'avrdas. 'A dog-eater belongs to the lowest caste.' See
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[ajamar], ~ [ajamal], ~ [ajamalu], ~ [ajamrl] rrr (birthless)})f}Rf (deathless) n a wicked brahman of Kanauj who married a prostitute. Ten sons were born to her. In Bhagatmal and Bhagvat it is mentioned that the youngest son was named Narayal). So Ajamal got liberated, found salvation because he would repeat the name Narayal).1 "bradh ajamalu tariale."-gau namdev. ~ [ajamedh] See l1fi1Ifq. ~ [ajamel] See ~. l2ftITljf [ajay] adj unborn, not liable to birth. 2 without FfT(jf (any particular place). ))ffi1tiI'S' [ajayab] See ~. })fHI'ij' [ajar] P )1)1 n torment, suffering, distress. "der ajar garib ml."-mago. 2 See fut::rQ. ))fNTOT [ajara] a contract. See fuwa'r. "sabh desan par badh ajare."-GPs. ~ rajaH] n a goatherd, shepherd. "trs chm ek ajali ayo."-GPs. ~ [ajrt] adj invincible. ~ [ajrtedri] Skt 31P1CiPS;1 adjwho has no control over his senses. ~ fdl'5 [ajrt grll] a village in tehsil and police station ofKot Kapura in Faridkot state. About one furlong south of the village is a gurdwara named after Guru Gobind Singh. The Guru stayed here and adorned his turban. There is no building except only a platform ofthe shrine. The place is also called Gurusar. It is about two miles east of the railway station Rumana Albel Singh. })ff;::J3T [ajrtta] a Randhava jatt, headman of village Pakkho in Gurdaspur district who attained salvation by becoming a disciple of Guru Nanak Dev. His conversation with the Guru figures in detail in the"Janam Sakhis. Ifi:ro [ajm] Skt n a skin, hide. 2 a goat's hide. 3 a deer skin.
ISec Bhagwat Sakandh 6, Ch. 1.2 and 3.
rf;::ra' [aju] Skt n a courtyard, compound within the house. 2 air, wind. 3 body. 4 a frog. ))f;:ft [aji] part a form of polite address. rtif [ajl] P u.:;1 part from this; from this place. ))f;:ft l1f"l-Rft [aji amri] Skt ~ adj free from old age and death. "aji amri nrvalka karam vare."-datt. >m:ffir [ajih] adj who has no tongue; sans taste. 2 dumb, mute. 3 which cannot be described in speech; inexpressible, ineffable. rtfti:J. [ajijl A 'f."/ adj dear, lovable, beloved. 2 n a friend. "ajijul nrvaj hE."-japu. 3 God, the Creator. ~ ~ [ajijul IlIvaj] adj (one) who bestows comfort on his devotees. See rtfu:r. ~ [ajitan] E Adjutant, an army assistant, who is a subordinate rank-holder and helps his army commander. l')fi:fu;r [ajit] See ~. "hE jug bir ajit bac;l.e rk kal duti man sur karare."-saloh. l')fi:fu;r fi:fur [ajit sigh] the eldest son of Guru Gobind Singh, born to Mata Sundari on 23 Magh Sammat 1743. He laid down his life fighting bravely in the battle at Chamkaur on 8 Poh Sammat 1761. 2 a son of a goldsmith adopted by Mata Sundari for his resemblance with her late son. Once when he put on weapons given by the tel.th Guru to Mata Sahib Kaur, and also trimmed his hair, Mata Sundari disowned him. Emperor Farrukhsiyar got him killed on the charge of murdering a poor beggar in Sammat 1775. His mausoleum is near Sabzi Mandi in Delhi where a sect named after him holds the annual fair. See uo't fi:fur. 3 according to Bandai Sikhs, son of Baba Banda Bahadur born in Sammat 1777. 4 son of Raja Jaswant Singh of Jodhpur born in Sammat 1736 who died in Sammat 1781. King Farrukhsiyar is supposed to have
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equal measure should be mixed to make cura!). married his daughter. This should be taken in dozes of one and a 5 son of Raja Sahib Singh of Patiala born half to two masas with water twice a day into to Rani Anand Kauron Bhadon Sudi 6 Sammat a ground to cure dyspepsia. 1866 (1 August 1809 AD). He was the younger brother of Maharaja Karam Siingh. ~ [ajivl adj inanimate, lifeless, inorganic. 2 inorganic matter. 6Ajit Singh Sandhavalia who killed Maharaja Sher Singh, king ofLahore with his gun before ))(jJ [ajuJ adv today. "aju na suti kat SIU." he was put to death. See "ffir tRur. 7 See :A'ft:ra' -5 fiJrid. that is, 'in this human body.' ))f;JaI3" [ajugatJ Skt:~ adjwhich is not united, tRur 4 and ~ <hr. separate. 2 unworthy, improper. "sakhi VICC l)fi=fto iml [ajit garhl There is a gurdwara to the north of Bandar village, dedicated to Guru ajugta paIke."-.J:5'BM Gobind Singh who came here from Bhagta. It 'ftIZ [ajutl adj not united, separate. 2 unhas 14 ghumanon ofland donated by the village. matched, unique" The gurdwara was first raised by Sant ~ [ajudhIaJ, ~ [ajudhyaJ See~. Sampuran Singh. A fair is held here on 1st of ~ [ajurdaJ P w;1 adjdistressed, unhappy, Baisakh and on Lohri. grieved, distressed. 2 over-wrought, This village is in police station Baghevaia, perplexed, its root is azurdan. (causing pain, tehsil Moga, diistrict Ferozepur, '9 miles east aggrieving) of the nearest railway station laito. l'>fij [ajul adj sans birth, unborn. 2 immovable, ~ }/T3T [ajito matal See t=ft3" lfI3T. motionless. "aju hE."-japu. See~. 3 part a vocative, 'yes sir.' l)ftfur [ajibl A .~ adj strange, uncommon, supernatural. >m;fol [ajuniJ Skt >iff?> adj without origin. nrtftH [ajiml A (-fifo adj great, eminent. "hariphul 2 unborn. ajimE."-japu. 'stronger than the competiitors, ~ol R~ [ajuni sEbM], >m;fol R'~ [ajuni that is strongest of all.' sabhauJ, ~~o;f [ajuni sabhavJ Skt ~ ~ [ajimabadl See tfCi'iT. adj who is not born through the vagina. 2 whose existenc(~ is not on account ofanother nrriblF.l"O [ajimU~i$anJ A 0~' adj exercising entity; self perpetuating. 3 sans birth and self great influence; claiming majes~y. ~ [ajira!)] Skt 31'Jftuf adj which does not existing. 4 n the Creator, Vahguru. become old. 2 n dyspepsia, ('~in Arabic! ~ [ajupJ Skt ~P.f adj without restriction or Persian, indigestion, also called ajiran or check, unbound. "namasta ajupe."-japu. 2 Skt madaganI. It is caused by overeating, exertion guileness, innocent. with filled stomach, untimely sleep, grief, ~ [ajubal a four line matnk stanza, each line having eight matras with pauses at the swimming immediately after eating, etc. Fasting is good for a dyspeptic patient. Black end of each set of four matras, the last matra cumin, corriander seed, pepper longum, black being guru. It is also known as jivan. pepper, ginger, patraj (pollen of flowers), Example: aniseed kernel, root of long pepper, cItra, krudhyo bhai. sar jhar laL curcuma recliinata, myrobalan, abalbed, as sar chore. janu nabh ore.-GV 6. cardamom, common salt, black salt, all in 2 A -:J. adj strange, wonderful, supernatural.
r?
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ftt [aje] adv now, yet. 2 even now, till now.

3 Skt ~ adj not worthy of conquest. fttl)f [ajea] See ~. fttur [ajeha] adj like this, similar, of this sort. 1?f#t;r [ajey] Skt which is not worth conquering. "ajey;'l abhey;'l."-VN. ~ [ajev] See 1?f#t;r. "ajev hari."-akal. 2 See ~and !tflB". "rudravtar sOdar ajev."-datt. 3 })fff-~ like Brahma. >ml~ [ajevi] See >ml~. "alakh abhevi adr ajevi."- kalki. 1ft [ajE] till now, See ftt I. "ajE su rabu na bahurro."-s farid. 2 ffilif. n defeat, rout, reversal. 3 adjwhom it is difficult to conquer; invincible. "ajE alE."-japu. 4 n the Creator, God. "ajE gag jal atal srkh sagatr sabh navE." -saveye m 5 ke. 5 Raja Aj, grandfather ofRam Chandar. "ajE su roVE bhikhra khar."-ram var 1 m 1. 'Raja Aj wept after abdicating the throne while begging alms in separation from queen Indumati.' See~. 1ft fi:fur [ajE sfgh] son of king Janmejay born to a slave girl. "ajE sf gh rakhyo rajiputr su~;'l."-janmejay. nfft it [ajE jE] adjwho conquered the unconquerable. ~ [ajEmal] See~. "ajEmal kio bEkOthhr than."-g5<;i namdev. n-rH [ClZO] P ,JI part from him, from that. "ffiu [ajoh] adj invisible. 2 beyond estimation. "ajoni achE adr advE ajoh;'l."-akal. fttar [ajog] Skt Iiitar.;r adj improper, inappropriate. 2 incapable. 3 without proper relation. l'fRt:r [ajodh] Skt~ adjwho cannot be fought against. "ajodhasc."-gyan. >ittao [ajodhan] See ~. 2 See nrGtml. tilo [ajon], ~ [ajonr], ~ [ajoni] Skt~ adj who does not come through the vagina; beyond birth. ))jtl(')1H~ [ajonisabhau] See ~ M "ajoni
s;'lbhau na trsu bhau na bharma."-sor m 1. "abrnasi aeal ajonis;'lbhau."-saveye m 4 ke. })f;l [ajJ], nfi:r [ajS] adj even now, uptil now. "ajJ na patrar nrgam bhae sakhi."-jet ravdas. ~ [aj;'lgam] See ifur;r ~ ~ 12. 2 adjwho does not walk around; stationary. })fifo [aj;'ln] See'ilfRT. 2 ~. See;:ro:;:r . ~ [aj;'lbh] Skt adjtoothless. 2 n a frog. ~ [aj;'lm] l?fM?)Jf. "aj;'lm hE."-japu. nft::r3" [ajjar] n a flock, herd (of goats or sheep) >mfa" [ajhar] adj which does not drop or fall off. 2 without dropping ~ [ajhat] adjwhich cannot be glanced at or peeped into, invisible. "kr ajhatas."-gyan. l'>f5Ttr [ajhap] adj without a cover or screen, uncovered. 2 without sloth or lassitude; active. See "Sltf. ~ [ajhu] n a tear. ~ [ajhujh] adjwho cannot be fought against. "ajhujh hE."-japu. ~ [ajh;'ljh] adjnottrembling, steady. See~ . "ajMjh hE."-japu. ~ [aj1al)] adj without gyan (knowledge), ignorant, naive. 2 a child. 3 ignorance, naivety. l)fC [at] Skt 3R, vr to go about, loiter, wander. 2 n pricking, planting, driving into. "pag me at k;'ltak jEse."-krrsan. })fCOf [atak] n an obstacle, obstruction. 2 an impediment. 3 River Atak (Indus). 4 a town l on the bank of river Atak; a district of this name in Rawalpindi division also named Campbellpur. ~ [atakl)a], ~ [atakna] v to stop, stay (temporarily). 2 to fall in love. "atkro sut banrta s;'lg."-kan m 5. "atak rahi lakh raj kumara."-caritr 312.
IFort ofAtak was built on emperor Akbar's order in 1583
AD. Maharaja Ranjit Singh further fortified it and
stationed a large army there.
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DARBAR BABA A TTALRAI JI - SRI AMRITSAR
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[;:ltbr] See })fCOffi" "tiiki na~? ghat atkarIo."-caritr 124. 'thought of a trick to destroy him', l1I'Ccifl? [atka1] n a guess. 2 a thought. 3 an estimate. 4 a know-how; plan. ~ [atblna] v to guess, evaluate. 2 to consider. 3 to appraise, estimate. "p<lraIa chIdr <ltk<llL"'-asa m 4. ~ [<ltkau!).a], ~ [<ltkav<ln] vto stop, hinder. "b<lhUrI b<lhUrI atkavsI re."-maru m 5. 'gets involved again and again in vices'. l'>I'CO [at<ln] See ;fu' and "f-C(!T. 2 SkI 3fc;:r n a stroll, walk, travel. l)fCl(CT [<ltP<lta] adj topsy turvy. "gm<lt gmi <ltI <ltP;:lti."-NP 'high and low.' 2 hard, difficult. 3 tangled. 4 gone astray, stumbled. ~ [<It<ll] adj unmoving, firmly settled; inevitable. ''<It<ll b<lc<ln sadhuj<lna."-br.la m 5. 2 SkI ~ a tower, fort. "bhe nIrbh<lu h<lrI <It<ll.''-savEye m 3 ke. 'Free of fear is God's fort'. 3 See t'Cl? 'ijTfu tit. ~ Wl:IT [;:It<ll baba] See ~ 'ijTfu tit. ~iffi" [<lta1maq<l1] n a true and holy congregation. 2 a stage ofspiritual knowledge. 3 a region of the Pole Star. ~ [<It<llmaq<llve] n the Pole Star with its fixed positiion. "gavhI gu!). dhomu <l1[<llmaq<llve."-savEye m 1 ke. ~ tit [<lta1raI ji] son of Guru Hargobind and Mata Mahadevi (Mata Nanki ji, according to Suraj Prakash) was born at Amritsar in' Sammat 1676 and died at the same place on Savan Badi 10 (Assu Badi 10 as per GPS) Sammat 1685. His memorial is a nine-storey building. I Its foundation was laid in Sammat 1835 by Sikh devotees; then Sardar Jodh Singh Ramgarhia got some storeys added; verandahs of some storeys are
~
IHis memorial is a nine storey building, corresponding to his death at the: age of nine.
yet to be completed. Here cooked food is always kept ready for visitors by the citydwellers. No wonder, there goes the saying"baba <lta11, pakki p<lkai gha11." ~ [<ltladha] adj unavoidable, sure, inevitable. "Ik sadhub<lcan at1adha."-sar m 5. ~ [<It<lVI], t~ [<ltyi] SkI 3Tc:cfr n a forest, wood, jungle. "m<lha udIan <ltyi te kaqhe." -sar m 5. ~ lata] Skl3f;! n a windy upper storey of a building. See E Attic. l')fC"'OI" [<ltak] n a shield; a cover against the blow of a weapon. "atak ote."-ramav. })f'C'C [<ltat] adjwithout caste or sub-caste, See C'T'C. "<ltat<lSc."-gyan. >:lfCTO [atar] adj stable, constant. "harI SImr<lt <lm<lratare."-maru m 5. ~ [<ltari] an attic See ~. 2 a town in Amritsar district; jats ofSiddhu sub-caste live here. Most renowned of them was the hero of Sikh faith Sardar Sham Singh, the supreme patriot and the Sikh general who attained martyrdom while fighting in the battle of Sabhraon on 10 February 1846. His daughter Nanki was married with great pomp and show on March 1837 to Naunihal Singh, grandson of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. l')fCTl? [<lta1] adjunflinching, sure, certain. "tohI bhag me lIkhyo <ltal."-GPs. 2 SkI 3f;!rc1 n dome. 3 a heap, pile. ~ [atIa] Se,e: >ifc<!r. 2 See l'>I'CO. l'>Iit [<lti] short form for~. a hazardousjungle. "<lti bIkti."-ramav. 2 See l'>I'CO and ~. f?G [<ltut], ~ [atut] adjflawless, unbreakable, inviolable, firm. 2 inexhaustible, whole. ~c [atet] adj without deficiency, integral. 2 See Zer. r&1o [<lter<ln] n a reel or frame for making hank of yarn; a tabor-like appliance to roll yarn on it. "punhI ateran ki bIdhI preran."
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-GPs. 2 a kind of spider also called kah!)a. See ~. 3 the process of making hank of yarn. "sahIt pritI ke karhI ateran."-GPs. ~ [aterna] v to rotate, revolve. 2 to make hank of yarn around. a reel. 3 to deceive; to entangle in some problem. ~ [ateru] n an insect which can move around; a long-legged spider; a kahf)a. "a~eru ko kanhya nam."-akal. 2 an implement for making hank ofyarn. 3 one who makes a hank of yarn. nk' [att] Skt ~ vr to exacerbate; to cause pain; to insult; to be subtle. ~ [att-has] Skt ~ n a loud laughter, a guffaw. ~ latta!)] n a corn on the skin (caused by friction), stiffness ofthe skin. "at~a!) pare agu:;;~ aguri, cat pamc oj ko dhar."-GPS. 2 See ~. ~ [att!)a] v to fill up, complete. "garab a~ia tnsna jalhI."-sri m 3. "sara dInu lalacI a~Ia."-var gau 1 m 4. 2 See })fC<'). [cr [at~a] n a skin of yarn wound around a reel. 2 an estimate, a guess. ~ [atti] n feminine of 1?fcr 1. 2 completely filled up like a ditch or a trench. 3 Po untwisted multi-strand yarn used on ceremonial occasions. l')fQ [a~h] Skt ~ vr to go. 2 Skt 311SC ad) eight. l')fQ })fc5lOfu lP'Ofu [a~h a~harhI barhI bis]ratanmala. eight prominent demigods, eighteen castes, twelve signs of Zodiac, twenty years reign of each of the three gods.! 2 eight parts of yog, eighteen accomplishments, twelve virtues as listed in Bhagvat, (acquistion of wealth, nobility of descent, beauty, penance, learning, faultlessness, lustre, dignity, effort, strength, philisophy and acumen); twenty means of salvation mentioned in yog rahasya
m-
ITwenty years were reserved for each god to rule. His turn came after sixty years.
(truth, hatred oftheft, celibacy, abnegation, nonviolence, ablution, contentment, penance, education, exertion, meditation, saintly company, charity, benefaction, meekness, mental happiness, performance of yog, faith, worship and spiritual knowledge). Ii5FIO [a~hsa~h], rcsRfo [a~hsa~hI] Skt ~ ~. sixty eight. 2 In the Sikh scripture the figure, sixty eight, points to the pilgrimage centres of the Hindus. In the line. "SU!)I a~hsa~hI ka Isnanu."-)apu. the Guru refers to all places of pilgrimage. The Hindu scriptures differ from one another as to the exact number of their holy places. Many texts give a much larger number; in the 22nd chapter of Matsya Puran 222 holy places are mentioned; Bhavish Puran's nagar section Ch. 102, has a different number. In Kapil Tantar the following sixty eight places of pilgrimage are given: Oankar Ayodhya, Avantika, Eravati, Shatdru, Sarasvati, Saryu, Sindhu, Shipra, Shon, Shrishell, Shri Rang, Haridwar, Kapal Mochan, Kapilodak, Kashi, Kanchi, Kalanjar, Kaveri, Kurukshetra, Kedarnath, Koshiki, Gaya, Gokaran, Godavri, Gomati, Govardhan, Ganga Sagar, Gandaka, Gharghara, Charmnvati, Chitarkut, Chandarbhaga, Jaganath, Jawalamukhi, Tapti, Tamraparni Tungbhadra, Oashashvmedh, Orishdavati, Ovarika, Ohara, Narmada, Nagtirath, Naimish, Pushkar, Prayag Triveni Sangam, Prithudak, Badri Narayan, Bhadreshvar, Bhirneshvar, Bhrigutung, Mahakal, Mahabodhi, Mathura, Mansarovar, Mayapuri, Mandakini, Yamuna, Rameshwar, Vitsata, Vindhya, Vipash, Vimleshwar, Vena, Vetarvati, Vaishnavi and Vaidaynath. rcsRfo 3'RJEr [a~hsa~hI tirath] See rcsRfo. 2 a specific place near Oukhbhanjani and Thara
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gurdeu a~hdas bIuhar. "-bhEr namdev. Sahib on the bank of Sri Amritsar tank, where Guru Arjan Dev uttered the hymn "athsathI 4 eighteen castes" See ~fO ~. tirath jah sadhu pag dharhI."-ram m 5. This l'>I'i5t!'R" afo't 11~ Rf~ [athdas gatlF khoh: JOI] -rat;mmala. whoever unties the eighteen spot was also visited by Guru Nanak Dev, knots; whoever forsakes the fallacy of caste Guru Angad Dt:v, Guru Amar Das and Guru distinctions. Ram Das. Located here is a temple with a small golden umbrella; built by Maharaja ~ ~ [athdas varan] See t:R" ro ~. ~ [athpahni] n parsley seed that is kept Ranjit Singh. soaked in water for twenty four hours in a ~ [athsathe] See~. "das atha athsathe care khal).i."-db;ma r;wdas. 'eighteen purans, brand new earthen pot and is then ground and drunk in the morning as a cure for indigestion sixty eight pilgrimage centres.' and fever. fQ W1:ft lath sakhi] See }')fRC FJTl:ft. fQ~ lath katha] Skt,WSC':Cf)I'SC':1 eight directions. ro ~ lath pahnia] adj (one) who takes 2 one who has two feet, two knees, two arms, only one meal in twenty four hours. chest and head (skull) all hard like wood; a ~ [athpuria] in the Purans eight imagined strong-bodied person. cities of eight gods : Indar's Devadhani, Agini's Agneyi, Yam's Sanyamni, Nairiti of ~ HO [athkatha man] See l?fO afoT. the mind running iin eight directions; volatile Nairit; Varuni of Varun; Paun's Vayavi; mind. moon's Vibhavari and Shiv's Aishani. ~ [athkul] See ~ cp>. l)fi5'6l't)T [athraha] Skt~~~. the death ~ [athkheli] adj clever, smart:, who plays of a child on the eighteenth day after birth or many games. 2 He who has learnt several after eighteen months. Believers in mysticism miracles by wandering in all directions. hold that this disease is caused by yoginis ~ [athkMc.I] eight parts. 2 rejection ofeight (female attendants of the goddess Durga) but evils. "athi pahrri athkhac.I."-var majh m 2. it is not true that death occurs at the count of 'eight parts of the human character including eight alone. Scholars have mentioned three five senses, that is, sex, anger, greed, love and types of barren women: pride as also three qualities of maya'. 3 four (a) kak badhya - who bears one child but castes and four stages of life. 4 four castes none there after. (b) garabhsravi - who conceives but aborts. and four religions. "ath khac.I pakhac.I mahI (c) mntvatsa -- whose children die young. gurumat Ikman Ikk dhIaya."-BG fQ ~ lath jOgI).ia] See ~. This type is said to suffer from athraha. This is caused by some de~ect in the mother's mensural })f<5C [athat], ~~ [athatt] adj not established for or by some one, existing by or itself. outflow or father's semen, and its commonest cause is syphilis. When a foetus is not fed to 2 See S'c. proper nourishment, its blood gets polluted and ~ [athatar] adj seventy-eight. l)fc53"a'T [athatra] adj seventy-eighth. See >:~ death becomes im~vitable. ~. The best treatment is for parents to keep their bodies free from disease, stop coition ~ [athdas] eighteen. 2 eighteen Purans. after pregnancy. the mother should observe See~. 3 eighteen spiritual attainments. "jau
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moderation in eating and drinking, consuming less salt and eating light food of milk, rice, etc. She should spend more time in fresh air and wear clean clothes. A mixture of physodis flexussa, turmeric, chitra curcuma, ceder, myrobalan, cardamon, warm wood, curcuma reclinate, coral ast parsley, kernel of the seed of water lily, sunflower, extract of root of barberry, red sandalwood, emblica ribes, all in equal measure should be ground and kept in a duly corked bottle. If the expectant mother takes this mixture with water for six months during conception but discontinues it in the beginning of the seventh, athraha gets ineffective. ~ [dthvaral, ~ [dthvara] n a period of eight days; the term is used for the week. ~ 3'l.f [dthvara tap] See 3'l.f (b). ))fc5'}f [dtham] adjsans space; who has no place. "ndmdsta dthame."-japu. >:Ifc5W [dthardh] eighteen. 2 eighteen Purans. See~. 3 eighteen races of snakes. "tIn kdn jdg dthardh ghae."-prdbha d m 1. Eight plus ten additional races of snakes are mentioned in books i.e. subuddlu, nadsan, prIthu~rava, tak~dk, a~vtar, hem-malIn, naredv, vajrdn~tI, vn~ and kulir. >:Ifc5W fi:rQt [dtharah sIdhi] eighteen miracles; eighteen powers. For eight SIddhis refer to l'>fRC fRfl:T; the other ten are : 1) anurdmI (not feeling hunger and thirst); 2) dur ~rdVdD (hearing from a distance); 3) dur dar~an (seeing from afar); 4) mdnoveg (proceeding at the speed of mind); 5) kam rup (changing into the desired form); 6) pdrkay prdve~ (entering into other's body); 7) svacMd mntyu (death at one's own will); 8) surkrira (enjoying the company of gods);
9) sakdlap sIddhI (coming true of any wish); 10) apratIhat gat I (absence of hindrance while going somewhere). "mv nIdhi athardh sIdhi pIche ldgia phIrhI."-var sor m 3. })f(5'l"ij'U ~ 'S1Fr [dtharah ddS bis] forty-eight. "sdbhe putr ragan ke atharah das bis."-ma sag. >:Ifc5W ~ [athardh bhar] the entire flora; the idea is that ifone leaf is taken from each plant, it will amount to eighteen loads (each load is equal to five raw maunds) See~. "atharah bhar bdnaspati."-mdla namdev. "romavdh kotI atharah bhar." -bhEr d kdbir. 2 Mahabharat with its eighteen chapters. See
~
iQTO.
~ ~
[atharhI] See ~.
fflt:ft [atharhI sIddhi] See ~ fl:rdt. ~ E [dtharhI got] See t:RlO ~.

[atharhI ghae] See ~ 3. ~ 3'kra' [atharhI tirath] See 3'\QET 11. ~ YW<!' [dtharhI puraD] See~. ~ lRJC!" [dtharhI bdrdD] See t:RlO~. ~~ [dtharhI bhar] See~~. ~ ~ [dtharhI vIdhya] knowledge of eighteen things; eighteen sciences or subjects: four Veds, six subordinate branches ofVeds, mimasa (through determination of a point), nyay (rule, equity), puraIJ (mythology), manu SImntI (manu's code of Hindu law), etc. ayur ved, dhanur ved, gadhardv ved and nitI ~astrd. See 'fuRQ ~, part 3, eh. 6. 2 See
fueJp-.
~
urt
[athara] See ~. nffis(j- [athIO] adj an eighth. "dthIo SIr Qhore ndvam nIhorE."-ramav. ~ [dthuha] n eight-legged insect, scorpion. "matri hOI dthuhIa, nagi Idge jaI."-var majh m2. ~ [dthotar] Skt ~ adj eight added to any sum. "jIu sau tIVE athotar Iaya."-BG See RtfHTW and 3ffift Em:.
))fc5'I'QT
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[athotri mala] n a rosary of 108 ~ [aq.o1] adj not wobbling, not unsteady; beads. See Rt/}rn-r. firm, established. "fa [atth] See 1'liO. ~ [aq.;'}g] adjwithout a sting or barb, without "fa ~ 'S"QfcJ m [atth atharhI barhJ[ bis] getting stung. See ifoT. See })f<5' ~. ~'g [aq.;'}q.] Skt ~ adj not punishable, })fcf [aq.] Skt 3f6.:. vr to exert, spread, bring under unpunished. control. ~ [aq.;'}bar] Skt 3~ n outer show, display, ~ F.I"'U [aq.an i;;ah], })ffi(') ~ [aq.an ~ahi] Bhai ostentation. 2 affectation. 3 a tent. 4 a casing Ghanaiya, a khatri of Dhamman sub-caste or cover, for pillow and quilt. 5 the sound belonging to village Sodora in Gujranwala of an elephant's cry or a trumpet. 6 ornadistrict became a disciple of Guru Teg mentation, ostentation. "nanak habh aq.;'}bar Bahadur as water carrier for the community kupa."-var jEt. kitchen. In the time of Guru Gobind Singh he nrn- [aq.q.] adj separate, different. 2 SkI ~ vr served water to the injured Sikhs and Muslims to unite, encircle, attack, endeavour. at Anandpur without any discrimination. With ~ [aq.q.!).a] v to straigh~en, spread, dilate, this philanthropic act and also by giving first open out, broaden. aid to the wounded, he earned the pleasure of ~ [aq.q.a] n a sojourn, halting place. 2 a frame the Guru. The Guru appointed him to a of steel, wood, etc. for knitting. 3 See rW. missionary seat and gave him his handkerchief nfit [aQ-q.il n a heel. In Sanskrit, ~ is a wall as a symbol of benediction. After Bhai in which bones etc. are set; the structure of Ghanaiya, his seat was occupied by Bhai S.ahaj the heel resembles it. Ram, Rana Ram, Lachhman Ram, Narayan ~ [aq.h] adj half. 2 n half a damri (= one Ram, Sahib Ram, Bhadar Ram, Santokh Ram, eighth of paisa). See~. A9an Shah and Seva Ram, etc. A9an Shah and ~ ~ [aq.h aq.h] n half of a half damri. Seva Ram became great celebrities because of ~ [aq.hai] adj two and a half. "pacanu ser aq.hai."-gdu kdbir. See il1H~. their services. Thus the name of Bhai Ghanaiya's sect became Aqanshahi ~nd ~ URI" [aq.hai ghar] See m URI". Sevapanthi. The famous Sevapanthi centre is ~ [aq.hu] See 1'3". "aqhu TId 1ahdaro mu1u." -var jEt. at Thai in Sindh Sagar Doab. Adanshahi Sikhs and saints live on their ~ [aq.huk], ~r [aq.huk] adjunapproachable, earnings, earned through hard and honest unreachable, difficult to reach. labour. Earlier writers used ink of black hue ~ [aq.hu!).a] adjtwo and a halftimes, "lahe aq.hu!).e d;'}ill."-illdgO. prepared by them that came to be known as f(!" [a!).] Skt ~ vr to articulate; to utter sound; A9anshahi ink. to keep alive; to be strong. 2 Skt 3T;:r, adv ~ [aq.ar] adjwithout fear, fearless, intrepid. without. "b;'}dh2Jn sauda a!).bicari."-asa dill 1. ~ [aq.at] adj without reproof, not reproved 3 See)o)fc'). or rebuked. "aq.atasc."-gyan. ~ [a!).hGda] adj without any material. ~ [aq.aI:d See~. >milo [aq.ith], ~lg [aq.ithu] adjunseen, invisible. 2 without money or education, etc. 3 poor, penurIous. "ghatI ghatI (~ithu aq.ithu."-sri d ill 1.
~ l-I"l
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celestial bombs. "al)dage gole chutal)ge." impossible. -jagnama. ~~ [al)h6da] See ~tT. "al)hoda nau ~3" [al)dut] adj without brilliance, noniridescent, not miraculous. 2 Skt ~ n dhano padha."-asa pari m 3. lightning. "al)dut khal)a tC}n sohi."-ramav. ~ [;:mhodi] adjwithout existence, imaginary, illusionary. 2 n unreality. "hodi kau al)hodi ~ [al)parh], ~ [al)parhIa] adj hUE."-ram m 5. 'Immersion in material objects illiterate, uneducated. ~ [al)bIddh] See f7if8'q. is offset by detachment and belief in truth.' ~ [al)ka] a gal)Ik metre also known as akra, ~~ [C}l)mC}rIa madC}1 bajEl This is Namdev's hymn in sorath rag: anhad, anubhav, ~a~Ivadna, caQrasa and mC}dhurdhunI. It has four lines, each line I "C}l)mC}ria m;'idalu bajE. 2 bInu savC}n ghanhC}ru gajE. observing III, ISS arrangement. 3 badal bInu bC}rkha hoi. Example: 4 jau tC}tu bIcan: koi.... jab sar lage, tab sabh bhage. dC}lpatI mare, bhat bhatkare.-ramav. 5 jal bhitan kObh samania." (3) ~ [al)akh] n })fc'i'jf-nfcr the other eye; an act This means: that makes the eye turn. 2 desire for bravery. J Unstruck word sounds like unstrung 3 desire for self-respect. instrument. f<!l:It [al)khil, ~ [al)khoa] adj possessing 2 The cloud thunders though it is not the rainy sense of honour; angry. 2 self-respecting; with season. a sense of honour. 3 The blessing of ambrosia rains without a ~ [al)gal)at], ~ [al)gal)It], ~ cloud. [al)gata] Skt ~. innumerable, endless, 4 So it seems if one has spiritual knowledge countless. "sIkh sagC}t aVE C}l)gC}ta."-BG to grasp it. ~ [al).cari] Skt 3F,nnft";f, adj of a bad 5 Water in the pitcher has mingled with that character; wicked, immoral. "al)cari ka in the ocean, meaning thereby that human soul dhanu."-saVEye m 3. has merged with the Divine. ~ [C}l)jal)C}t] without knowing the purpose. ~ [al)magIa] adj without asking; "al)jal)at namu vakhal)iE. "-basJt m 1. bestowed free. "al)m;'igIa dan devl)a."-sri m 2 innocently, unknowingly. 1 jogi Jdan. ~ [al)QIth], ~ [al)Qith], ~ })j<!oiltNfl [C}l)vicari] adjwithout thinking; bereft [C}l)Qitha] Skt 3W;'Z adjunseen. "C}l)Qitha kIchu of power to think. 2 adv without considering. "b;'idhC}n sauda C}l)vicari. "-asa a m 1. kahIl) na jaI."-mala m 1. ~ [C}l)C}d] a khatri sub-caste, which is one of ~ [C}l)aul)a] Skt ~ n the act of the high castes ofKhukhranas. ' "al)C}d murari bringing; fetching. 2 sending for. "caukC}rI mC}ha purC}kh."-BG. 2 Dg pleasure, joy. mulI al)aIa."-var asa. ~ B [C}l)dage gole] bombs not l')f(!Tl..f [C}l)ap] adj unmeasurable; without needing explosive or fire; martyrs and measurmg. 'l1I'f<Y [al)I] Skt n the sharp point of a weapon 'They are $uri, kohli, chac;lc;lhe, al).ad, sahl).i, sethi, bhasil)., sabharval. like a lance. 2 Skt army.
~ [cll)hOl)i]
n an impossibility. 2 adj
rn
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~ [dDIala], ~ [dDIali] Skt adj
having a sharp point. 2 n a lance, javelin, spear. 3 a dagger. 4 a weapon like an arrow. ~ [dDIDef?] n the master of an army, a military officer, an army commander. "dDIDes duhu dIS c;lhuk-hfge."-kalki. nrf<rnT [aDIma] one of the SIddhis (spiritual performances). See rFIC fl:fftr. l1fit [21Di] See ffu. I and fil>m?r. 2 See Ifcf 2. "aDia jutia."-c~Q'i 3. 'Armies clashed'. ~ [aDiara], ;~ [aDiala] n something having a sharp ]point. See Ifcf. 2 a javelin, spear. 3 an arrow. "prem baDi man marIa <wia1e aDia."-casa ch~t m 4. ~ [aDimac;lavy] See ~. ~ [aDiraI] n Chief of an army, a Chief. 2 son of Guru Hargobind born to Mata Damodari (Mata Nanki according to GPS) in Amritsar on 26 Magh Sammat 1675. He did not marry and allways remained in a state of spiritual bliss. He breathed his last at Kiratpur where his shrine exists. ~ tlit [aDiro dhaDi] n a commander or chief of the army. 2 a king. 3 a commander-in-chief, general. "kaha ch aDiro dhaDi n nIhare." -ramav. 'Where is the commander ofthe army?' ~ [aDu] Skt n a speck, mote, particle. '';wu saman hvjan pahar saman ko."-NP 2 adj very small. 3 of no consequence, trivial. ~ [aDukit] a germ invisible to the naked eye. Germs exist in blood, water, etc. ~ [aDuvad] Skt n Vaishashik philosophy according to which atoms are ewr existing and through their concord they constitute the material world. 2 philosophy of logic. ~ laDe] of the army. See'rf'<! 2. "that saj aDe."-krIsan. ~ [aDokha] adj unseen by the eye; supernatural. 2 rare, uncommon. 3 surprising, wonderful.
[dDokhi bibi] daughter of Guru Angad Dev born in Sammat 1591. ~ [dDag] See 'l'lfi';'or. 'l1f3" [dt] Skt 3KL vr to go, tie, receive. 2 Skt 3Rf n bondage. 3 arrival. 4 continuous travel. 5 Skt nIT3" adj excessive; too much. 6 n profusion, abllndance. ~ [at-ev] adv for this reason only; due to this. l)f3FIfu3"r [dtsahIta] Skt ~ n intolerance; want of tolerance. 2 inability to tolerate/ appreciate others' greatness or glory; jealousy. See !f3H3r. "atsahIta dukh sukh mahI hoi." -NP ~ [atsuhia] adj gorgeous, very beautiful, winsome. ~ [at-tail Skt 31l~n one who has drawn his bow to kill; a killer or tormentor, torturer. In Sanskrit texts six kinds ofwicked men have been noted: a setter of fire, a giver of poisor., a snatcher of wealth, a snatcher of woman or land; I a denigrador of a pious person. "sat ka nfdak maha at-tai."-sukhmani. 'f3"3' [atatt] adj lacking reality; sapless, worthless. 2 without the five physical elements. 3 n illusory world (though its real essence is not different from the supreme reality) "namo param tdtta atatta sarupe." -japu. 4 one who is not mentioned as tat (He). 5 without 3"3" (He) and"Ef (you). ~<!' [atadguD] Skt ~UT n Where the context is immaterial, a literary figure of speech wherein a description retains its original quality or meaning unscathed. "jahf sagatI te :lr ko gu~~ kachuk ndhf let."-pvraj
bhu$an.
l?fiett
Example: jse pah;:m jal mahI rakhIo bhed nahI tIh

'Apstambh and Manu, etc. write that to kill an at-tap is no sin even if he is a brahmin. etc. See manu. a 8, $ 350.
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excellent library at Ludhiana. He died in 1896 pani, tEse hi tum tahI pachano bhagatIhin jo prani. AD. -bIla m 9. 3 Sant Atar Singh, a devotee of the Almighty and preacher of the Sikh scripture. pathar kau bahu nir pavaIa, He was born at village Chima in tehsil Sunam nahI bhigE adhIk sukaIa, of Patiala state on the first of the bright half khat sastra murkhE sunaIa, of the lunar month of Chet Sammat 1923. At jEse dah dIS pavan jhu1aIa. -bher m 5. the age of 18 years, he joined the Burmese Platoon No.4, but left it after some time to ~ [atanu] Skt n one without a body; Cupid. devote himself to the preaching of the Sikh ~ [ataf] P ...;w n a favour, grace, compassion. 2 attention, consideration. religion. He administered amrit to thousands })f3'[i::r [atbhuj] See ~. of persons. Sant Ji was a perfect recluse and practitioner of Karam Yog (the path of action) ~ [atbhut] See ~. I3'a' [alar] adjwhich one cannot swim across, and labour (work). His institution Gur Sagar unswimmable. "atar tano nahI jai."-gau at Mastuana and beautiful buildings at kabir. 2 A Y n a perfume, scent, oil ofsandalDamdama Sahib are a permanent memorial wood, extract of rose wood. to him. Sant Atar Singh breathed his last at I3'a' fi:fur [atar sIgh] son of sardar Amir Singh Sangrur on 19 Magh Sammat 1983 and was Sandhavalia and brother of Lahina Singh. cremated at Mastuana. After the death of Kanwar Naunihal Singh, })f3'aq [atarak], ~ [atarkya] Skt ~ adj which cannot be debated, non-debatable. "tor he wanted to instal Maharani Chand Kaur, atarak grra ras bhini."-NP widow of Maharaja Kharak Singh, on the thrown, while the Dogras were planning to ~ [atardan] n a perfume-vial. make Sher Singh the king. Sher Singh ~ [atraf] A ..Jt;, plural of~ direction. succeeded and Sandhavalias felt extremely 2 tax collected from several sides. 3 duty on slighted. They wanted to put an end to Sher goods exported. Singh. The Dogras also joined them in their l'lf3(i) [at;~l] n the first and uppermost part of the nether world. plan. When Ajit Singh shot Sher Singh dead n a kind of glistening silken at Shah Balaval, a great calamity befell the ~ [atlas] A cloth. "soe mmi tale 1a1 qarkE at1asE."-knsan. entire family. Atar Singh ran away and took In the ancient times red coloured Roman refuge with Bhai Vir Singh ofNarranagabad. silken cloth was very famous. The Lahore army under orders from Hira Singh Dogra encircled him there. In May 1844 ~ lata] A lizy n a largesse, bounty. 2 See 1?f3r. (27 Baisakh Sammat 1901, Sardar Gulab "aja hE, ata hE."-ramav. Singh shot Atar Singh dead with his rifle. See ~w [ataulla] A ";ulizy adj gifted by God. ~w l:fT [ataulla xan] See qjC?};ITO. 2 a Rajput -aN fRur. of Taravri who sided with the Muslim 2 son ofSardar Kharak Singh, an aristocrat of Bhadaur was born in 1833 AD. He was a religious zealots assembled under Haidri flag to fight for the destruction of Banda Bahadur very shrewd and erudite person. Sardar Sir Atar Singh Mahamahopadhayay set up an and the Khalsa force.
vA
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A JIkY adj one whom the Creator has blessed or gifted with knowldege. 2 This word meaning 'mighty or dominating' is derived from Y. "eh fakir ba<;!a atai."-BG "nad cad krrpal das Ih bade atai."-j.?gnama. 3 half-literate, partially educated. "bajigar lakh bha<;! atai."-BG 4 S a beggar; a supplicant. ))f3Tq [atak] A iF adj independent, free from bondage. "punita ataka."-akal. })f3'I3" [atat] adjwithout a 313" (son). 2 fatherless. 3 without rancour. 4 A ...::J'U,I n obediience, allegiance. 13'0 [atan] adj without defence; who has no protector. "atanasc."-gyan. See 310. f3Ttf [atap] adj not attainable through austerities/penance. "tap ke kIye te jJpf paiE atap nath."-akal. 2 free from sorrow; calm. })f3Tij" [atar] A .J~ n a maker or seller of perfumes. 2 a seller of distilled drugs. ~ [atalik] A J;:t'l a teacher, an instructor, a preceptor, an educator. })fftr [atI] Skt adj very much, excessive. "atI sura je kou kahavE."-sukhmani. })fftr~tf'O[atI akha<;! path] an uninterrupted recitation ofGmu Granth Sahib by one rleciter in a single sitting without eating anything. It usually takes twenty seven hours to complete. See ~ ft::rur ~. I f::m F(Jd l [atI sahIta] See I3Flfuor. ~ [atD:,ay] Skt adjvery much. })jF3BGiF~ [atI~ayoktI] See ~. l?ffuJ:rrij' [atIsar] n essence. 2 Jlr! diarrhoea. It is caused by diisorder in the digestive system that is in turn caused by overeating or eating offoul food, raw or over ripe fruit, or viscous glutinous things, sleeping on wet ground, drinking unclean water; in this state food is not well digested causing frequent lloose motions. Before preventing loose motions, stomach
~ [atai]
should be cleansed by administering castor oil or some other waxen stuff. Then prepare a compound of bamboo manna, cardamom, verdigrass, gum of acacia, fine gum (mastagi), lump sugar, and opium into pills of one tola each. Taking one to three pills a day, according to the patient's age, with aniseed extract or fresh water for three days, would cure diarrhoea. Alternatively, Indian baekl kern and aniseed boiled in water like tea or curd of cow's milk with black pepper, ginger and salt may be taken. Or powder ofmyrobalan, patis aconitum heterophylum asafoetide, black pepper, ginger and salt be taken two to four masas daily with warm water. The patient suffering from diarrhoea should not eat thick loaves of wheat flour or other heavy things. Light items like sago, white of the egg, rice, milk etc. should be taken. "tIS ko lagE adhIk atIsar."-GPs. ))ffuH [atis] See ~. ~3T [atIsta] Skt IF3BGld ' n excess and deficiency, profIt or loss. "atIsta mahI jIn CIt layo."-GPs. 2 See ~ . ~ [atIsvap] Skt n eternal sleep; death. See ~. ~ [atIkayl adj having a large body, bigbodied, hefty. 2 son of Ravan born to Dhanyamalini. Lachhman killed him in a battle. His name was also Mahakay. "mahakay nama maha bir eva."-ramav. })fftr c!m [atI kubhi] See ~-m 6. ~}f'(! [atIkramal)] Skt n walking over. 2 exceeding the limit. 3 overstepping the rules. ~ [atIgita] a matnk metre comprising four lines, each line having 32 matras with pauses first at the fifteenth matra and the next at the seventeenth matra after that. Example: "jIln han han namu na cetIo (meri jfdurie)
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te manmukh mur raI).e ram."-brha m 4. In these lines, meri jfdurie is an address, and is not a part ofthe metre. If there are two guru matras instead of guru and laghu matras at the end, the metre is known as bm;'id. ~ [atrthr] SkI n one whose time of arrival is not fixed; a visitor, guest. 2 son of Kushu and grandson of Ram Chandar. He was born from Kumudvati's womb. ~ [atrpat] adjdissatisfied, unsatiated. See
~.
nri3uflr [atrpatr] Skt ~ n lack of satisfaction,

absence of satiety. "atrpatr man mae."-sahas
m5.
~ [atrbalna] adj extremely powerful,
very strong.
11I'fu8w [atrbala] SkI n It is stated in Valmik's

Ramayan that Vishvamitar taught Ram two techniques ofbla and atrbla because of which he remained free from fatigue and disease. 2 a herb called g~geran or k~ghi that strengthens semen, pacifies the burning sensation and cholera afflicting the animals. It kills worms in the stomach. Taking it with milk and a lump ofsugar cures prameh disease (L sidonia cordifolia). ~ [atrbhuj] adj long armed.' 2 one whose arms can reach anywhere. "atrbhuj bharo aparla."-mala namdev. ~l:f [atrmanukh] adj one who though human in fonn, possesses greater strength than man; god in human form. 2 beyond human power. 3 one who transcends human strength; an animal. ~ [atrmalti] a four lined matrrk metre, also called padakulak, comprising four cJkals, that is four qagaI).s, with two pauses,each after eight matras, the final two matras being guru.
lIt may also be pronounced as?Tir.
Example: kahu na puja, kahu na area, kahu na $rutrdhunr, srmratr na earea, kahu na hom;'i, kahu na dan;'i, kahu na s;'ijam, bhu sanan;'i.-kalki. ~~ [atrmrrtyu] SkI n salvation; death that does not repeat itself. "Ese marhu jr bahur na marna."-gau kabir. ~ [atrras] n spiritual bliss, of which there is no equal. "atrras par taje ras phike."-saloh 2 the joy of reciting the name of God. ~ [atrrath], ~ [atrrathi] Skl31f('RQ n a warrior who mounting a chariot alone fights against countless enemies; a great hero. "jatha sub hat atrrathi hVE larat na eahrt sahay."-GPs. IfdFdd3 [atrrrkat] SkI ~ adv besides, in addition to. ~ [atrrog] n ignorance. 2 cough. 3 leprosy. 4 adj incurable; mortal. ~ [atrv~t] SkI l?f3Jf'3" adj very much, abundant, beyond measure. "danr baqo atrv;'it maha balr."-saveye m 4 ke. IF3~Jl'f~ [atrvyaptI] SkI n a defective characteristic of a particular object; the characteristic which is to be found in other objects as well. Suppose we describe a cow as a horned animal but there are many other animals like buffalo, and goat with horns, so this is a defect in characterisation. llf3t [ati] See 1'3" and rB. 2 SkI vr to pass by, go across, trespass. ~ [atisar] Seeff3wo. "trn ko atisar dukh hoi."-NP. I3E [atit] SkI adj gone by; past. 2 free from worldly attachments; averse, ascetic. "atit sadae mara ka mata."-suhi m 5.3 advaway, beyond. "hVEbo triguI). atit."-hajare 10. 13m [atith] See rf3fEr. ~ [afidr] Sk/~ adjnotcomrehensible
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through the senses; beyond senson; perception. (?- adj (one) whose parents are dead. 2 poor, penniless, trivial. "jaI sute jiral). me thie atima gaq.."-s {;)Tid. ~ [atiyah] A .-1& a reward, an award. . ~ [ativ] Skt adjvery much, beyond measure. ~ [atut] adj undiminished. ~1? [atull adj immeasurable, measureless. "ape atul tulaIda pIara."-sor m 4. 2 Skt'n~ matchless, unequalled, rare. "gun gavat atul sukh paIa."-to<;ii m 5. ,~~ [CltulClt] adj unweighed, unmeasured. "bCll atulat bahu vIsala."-GPs. ~3'1? [Cltul tol] n a spiritual insight; thinking of what is immeasurable. ~ [CltUIIt] See ~. ~ [Cltuly] See ~ 2. ~1?:;rtil'fiJT3T [;3tuly-yogIta] a figufl~ of meaning with a specific feature "tuly-yogIta jClha nCl hoi, jan atuly-yogIta soi.-jasvat jaso bhu~an. 'The object to be compared is not equal to the one it is compared with.' It is non-comparability, the obverse of comparability. Example: thakE m:n SrClVClI1 sunI thake, thaki sudan kaIa, jClra hak di sClbh mCltI thaki, ek nCl thakasI maIa.-suhi kabir. gIrI basudha jal pavan jaIgo IkI sadhbacan atladha, ;)q. bInasi jer bInasi utbhuj set bInadha, can bInasi khat-hI bInasi Ik sadhbClcCln nIhcaladha, dIsatIman hE sClgal bInasi, Ik sadhbacCln agadha-sar In 5. mda brahma mda fdu, rClvI mEla mda hE c;)du, mda malta Ihu s;'}sar,
bf3'b.r [atim] A
Ik hCln nIrmal jaka ;)t m par. -bherkabir. ~ [Clte] part a conjunction meaning 'and'. l1f3t:r [atej] adj without lustre, ineffective. 2 n darkness. "atej jEse tej lin."-akal. ~ [atev] See -n-r:3W. "atevagm hotri."-datt. 'high priest adept in performing rites.' ~ [atE] See ~. "gohe atE lakri ;'}dCln kira hOI."-var asa. Bar [c;tok] Skt 3TfF~n a limb, part. 2 a traveller, wayfarer. ~ [atoll adj unweighed, beyond weighing. 2 unequalled, matchless. ~ [atolak], l'ilB~ [atolva], ~ [atolvi] adj that cannot be weighed, beyond estimation. "han han nam atolak paIa."-asa chat In 4. "oh veparvahu Cltolva."-sri m 1. "mIti pai atolvi."'-s {arid. ~ [Clt;)k], 8of [Clt;'}g] Skt ~ n terror, fear. "sabh des dukal Cltak haryo."-NP. "kayar ke ur hot ataga."-GPs. 2 glory. 3 dominance. >if3' [att] n surplus, excess. 2 tyranny. nl'~ [Cltta] Skt 3ffIT n mother. 2 elder sister. 3 the Creator holding everyone in grasp. 4 Skt 31cJ: adj gourmand, gluttonous. ~ [attar] See sre-. })fdJi'ijlij [atyacar] Skt n transgression of morality, outrage. 2 depravity. 3 atrocity. ~ [atyuktI] hyperbole, overstatement, a literary figure in which excess is the norm, and to describe with greater emphasis is its function. It is aliso called CltISyoktI. "dan :?urta rup gul). kClluye atI adhIkay." Example: "tClha satru ke bhim hasti calae, phIrE maddh gEl).;'} ajS b na ae."-gyan. "dhurI uq.i khur puran te pab uradh hVE rClvIm;)q.al chae.rnanhu pher race bIdhI 10k dhara khat ath Clkas banae."-ca<;ii 1.
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~ [atyat] Skt adj very much, too much, in
word for expressing a sense ofbliss.

"~ R~ ~R"CT ~ ~: :J:U I CfiU<:5 ~ ~ B;:r J1lsJIfc1CflI q-m." , '"
excess. "Cltyat asa athItybhavna."-sahas m 5. l')j3i3fdRGir~ [atyatatIsyoktI] a literary figure of meaning involving excessive imagination. Its characteristic is to describe an action before the cause for it arises. "jaha hetu te pratham hI pragat hot hE kaj."-?Ivraj bhll?CJn. Example: "pClhIla putu pIchEri mai, baharI bElu gon gharI ai."-asa kCJbir. "yuddh hetu dar;;mer;; jab kasi kamar knpan, jag dukhdaIk r;;atru gal) turat bhae bIn pral)." l1f3i3r ~ [atyata bhav] See ~. ~ [atr] n short form forfF?I. a missile, weapon for throwing. "atr ke calEya ChItI chatr ke dharEya."-CJkal. 2 adv here, at this place. ~ [atrata] adj without a defect; complete. ~ [atrpatr] Skt~ n an umbrella, which provides shelter from the sun. 2 a royal canopy. See "atrpatr kahI sis c;l.hurayo."-VN ~ [atrI] Skt n Brahma's son in human form, a sage counted among seven eminent sages. His wife was Anusuya and their three sons were Dattatrey, Durvasa and Som. "pun bhae atrI rIkhI munI mahan, dascarcar vIdyanidhan."-dCJtt. 2 See~. 3 Skt ~ adj who eats or devours. ~1J3" [atnsut], rf~R [atnj], rf~or [atrItanay] n Atri's son, Dattatrey. 2 Durvasa. 3 Som. ~ [atrIpat] Skt 31W0 adjhungry. 2 impatient, greedy. ~ [atrIpatI] lack of satiety. See ~.. ~ [atri] See~. 2 short form of~. an armed person. "yuddhveta atI atri."-parCJs. $ [atrag] adjwithout waves or ripples, calm, still. "atragasc."-gyan. 2 of the inside, inner one. 3 from the heart. })fEi lath] part now, at the moment. 2 after this, hence. 3 ancient Hindu sages employed this
(See Bhamti explication ofthe Brahamsutars and Sankhyvachan Bhashy) See ~ F.fTR1 ~ Jj~-31~ W'lf cJ:1I<"011lfl"llJ1: and ~ tQF.!?j' ~ 'nfTft!- 312-TfC'iI t';j eq Ri $II '8 I See 11fTfEr an d lJl'lfRf3'. 4 See !fEr 2. ~ [athak] adj tireless. 2 indivisible, continuous. "ahInIs diva balE athak."-ram m 1. ~ [athtis] Sktrf3Eh:r n God, the master of the newcomers. "so to na c;l.ac;l.ot astag athtis
ko."-CJkal.
[athan] Skt ~ n sunset, See~. [athar] short form for ~. "athar bed pClthya."-VN ICRJa' [athrab] Skt ~ n the fourth Ved also named Brahm Ved, See ~. 2 The sage who revealed the fourth Ved. See ~. ~ [atharbCll)] See ~ and l'>fERf8?). ~ [atharbal)I] Skt 31IT<ffUT n a scholar of Athrav Ved, panc.Iit. 2 a priest who conducts a sacrifice etc. according to the provisions of Athrav Ved. ~ [atharban], ~ [atharvCll)] SktfFJi!o n the fourth Ved, See ~. 2 a sage mentioned in Rig Ved. He is mentioned as the son of Brahma, and his, Brahman progeny is known as Athravan, who consider themselves supreme in conducting sacrificial rituals etc. "bhar atharban gurumukh tara."-BG. 'Devotees of the Guru have taken away the burden of Athravan ritualists.' ~ [athval)] See fEl7i. 2 the west, See~. ~ [athva] part or, rather, alternatively. ~ [athail n a place for sitting or settling down. 2 a rest room. "huto athai ke VIC bEthYO."-GPs. tWU [athah], ~ [athahu] adj measureless,
l')fEfO
})f'Efij'
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very deep. "agam athah beat."-var ram 2 ill 5. ~ [adna] A L,I adj lowly, inferior, [athak] adj tireless, untiring. "kie rath worthless. athak."--sri m 5. ~ [adab] A "':"'" n respect, regard, deference. })fEfT)f latham] adjwithout a place ofone's own, "hadiye rahe xuda amad adab, be dddb xalist homeless. 2 without check or hindrance. az altafe rabb."-jfdgi. 2 a rule, regulation. "ukharyo dhiraj mul athamu."-NP. 3 literature imparting morality. rfu [athI] short form ofrfi:otr. a bone. 2 adv at ~ [adbhut] Skt~ adjwonderful, strange. this. "maja rudhIr durgadha nanak athI 2 amazing. 3 in poetics one ofthe nine literary garbe:r:t agyan:r:to."-gatha. excellences. See OFf. ~ [athIt], })f11Er [athIta] adjwhat is not set ~ ~ [adbhut ramaYd:r:t] See ~. or settled, restless. 2 mortal. 3 at some places ~ [adam] Skt ~ adj that cannot be this word has been used to mean d?ifufEr. subdued, unconquerable, irrepressible. 2A (.... ~ [athItI] See l?ff3fu. 2 unsteadiness, n absence, non-existence, state ofwithdrawal. instability. 3 the next world. "1fa3.MI<1(') [atlutybhavan] See ~~. ~ [adras] See ~. 2 See ~. iftRr [athu] SktffFcRr adjunstable, unsteady. ~ [ddrak] Skt nrtfcx n ginger. 2 mortal. ~ [adarab] adj without wealth, poor. ~ [athon] adv thereafter, after this. "athon 2 priceless, invaluable. "su baji addrba." pursa damra."-dhana namdev. 'After this a -gyan. person should practise breathing.' See mi. ~ [ddal] Skt:u.ft purified butter. 2 A J.... n >mI [athru] n l'lilJ a tear. justice. "ddal k;3re guru gIan sdmana."-maru l'>fi [ad] Skt 3fc\ -vr to eat; to cut; to chop; to solhe m I. 3 God, the Creator. 4 equality. 5 a nibble. measure. ))ft!'(jJ" [adag], l?ftfor [adagg] adj untainted, ~ [adli] adj (one) who administers justice. stainless. "namo khagg adagga,,"-VN"lekar 2 n a judge. "adli hOI betha prdbhu apL" khagg adagg maha."-caeji 1. 2 unblemished. -gau m 5. 3 a resident of village Bhaini (now 3 which cannot be burnt. "adokh adag adag renamed as Chohla or Cholha). He was a he."-akal. spiritually awakened devotee of Guru ~ [adad] A ,~a number, numeral, figure, Ramdas. It was as a result of his teaching that sum. 2 a countable object. Bhai Bidhi Chand renounced burglary and l?tt!O [adan] Skt n eating, dining. 2 A 0~ adj received spiritual teaching lessons from Guru everlasting. 3 n in the Bible and the Quran, a Arjan Dev. "aclli guru ko sIkkh tahf jfh sumatI vIsekhi."-GPS. garden i.e. Eden, where God kept Adam. See 'R'1f. 4 a town situated on a hill at the sea ~ [adalu] See~. coast bordering Arabia. Its height from the sea ~ [adve] See ~~. level is 1775 feet. There is a strong miilitary feT [ada], ftTfu ![adaI] A 'JI n grace, gesture, gait. "ddbhut ddaI Uiki."-ramav. 2 syntax. fort which is a part of the Indian empire. Adan was captured by the British in January 1839. 3 settling of accounts. 41 lucid exposition. 5 A It is a harbour for ships going to and from .,.... cancellation, rejection. "tero hukam karhfge ada. guru ke sag rdhrge sada."-GPs. Britain.
})fElTO(
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6 adj destroyed, perished. "IS thaI te tlihi hOI Patvari, (a recorder of land holdings) and by virtue of his ability rose to be the nawab of ada."-GPs. lalandhar, and died as the subedar of Punjab. ~ [adaIb] A ,-:",'JI plural of~. "brfd His real name was Bahram lang but born on adaIb rakhat h'E."-GPs. Friday (Adina), he came to be called Adina ~ [adahal:ll adj which cannot be burnt, beg. With the aim ofdestroying Ahmad Shah's incombustible, inflammable. "praca<;l amet adahal)."-paras. son, Taimur and his deputy lahan Khan, he re'CIT [adag] adj spotless, clean, unblemished. allied first with the Sikhs and then with the ~ [adab] See ~. "karat adab adhIk Marathas. Being dishonest, he could not sabhkoe."-GPs. continue his alliance with either of them. He died of colic during Assu of Sammat 1815 ~ [adalat] A ..:;),~ n court. 2 justice. and was buried at Khanpur near lalandhar. ~ [adalti] who holds the court. 2 n a judge, magistrate. According to Prachin Panth Parkash, he conquered lalandhar in Sammat 1813 with ~ [adavat] A ..::.--,I~ n enmity, hostility. "til kare adavat guru nal."-jagnama. the help of Sodhi Vadbhag Singh ofKartarpur ~ [adIsat] Skt ~ adj invisible, unseen. and the Khalsa Dal. The Khalsa disinterred and burnt the body ofNasir Ali who had earlier 2 n the Creator. "sahje adIsatu pachal)iE." consigned to fire the,sacred pillar of Kartarpur. -sri d m 3. 3 fate. 4 fortune, destiny. ~ [adIsatI] the unseen. "cItu adIsatI ~ [adutIy], ~ [aduti] See~. lagai."-ram am 3. ~ [adu] A ,~n an enemy, a rival. rfuH? [adISatu] See nrfeRz. ~l:f [adukh], ~CfT [adukha] adj without ~ [adIkh] adj without initiation, suffering or distress. 2 guiltless, innocent. 3 sinless. "man rahyo adukha."-GPs. uninitiated by the Guru. 2 invisible. ~ [adIt] See ~. ~ [aduj] adj matchless, unique. l?ffufu' [adItI] n the earth. 2 daughter of Daksh ~ [adul], ~ [aduli] A J-,~ n refusal, and wife of Kashyap who gave birth to the disobedience, negation. 2 opposition, gods. "dItI adItI e rIkhI bari banaI."-VN. antagonism. "hukamaduli gunahI vIcaro." -GPs. 3 mother. 4 a devourer, i.e. death. l?Ifefaljd [adItIsut], ~ [adItIkumar] ~ [adeu] n a demon. 2 adj unable to give, unfit for giving. "deu adeu vasatu jo hoi." the sun. 2 Indar. 3 Vaman. 4 god. ~ [adIti] See l?ffufu'. -NP. ~ [adis], ~ [adikh] invisible. See~. ~ [adea] adj not fit to be given, See RoT. "adisE."-japu. 2 n one who is not a god, a demon, See~. ttflo [adin] adj lacking in humility. 2 fearless. ~ fades] adjwithout a country. "aka! purakh ades."-japu. 2 ignoble habitation. 3 See ~. 3 magnanimous. 4 son of the Pandav, Sahdev. [adesa] P ~.tl n apprehension, concern, l?I'tftoT [adina] P :"J' n Friday. adina means anxiety. 2 envy. 3 misgiving, doubt. "cuke adornment; the Muslims adorn themselves on manhu adesa."-vaQ chat m 5. 4 fear, panic. Friday, so it gets this name. l?Itftor -a-ar [adina beg] son of Channu Arain, a ~ [adekh], Rfl:f [adekhI] adjinvisible. "jas poor man of Sharakpur, started life as a adekhI tas rakhr brcara."-gau bavan kabir.
nre-w
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2 Goddess Kali. According to a story in Markandey Poran, she appeared from the is not given. "nahI adey kachu to te."-NP forehead of Dmga during the formidable ~ [adev] n one who is different from a god; a demon. "mIl dev adevan sidhu mathyo." battle of Saronatbij. "mkli mattha phorkE." -cjc;li 3. -molmi. 2 who has no god to worship, who does not worship any deity. "adI adev hE."-japu. ~ [adrI~t] See nrf't!1:Ic I and 3. ~ [adokh] adj faultless, sinless, blameless. nrfii~ [adrI~tkut] a riddle, the resolution ~ [adag], ~ [adagi] adj unblemished, of which is beyond grasp; a riddle with an untainted. See #err. 2 free from bickering. 3 P enigmatic clue. In Punjabi it is pronounced ...~ foolish. as drI~tkut. ~ [adaqJ, }fji~ [adaqy] Ski ~ adj not ~ [adrI~Y] Ski ~ adj invisible, unseen, punishable, not liable to be punished. mlssmg. ~ [adabh] adjfree fi'om hypocrisy; unpretentious. l?fftrw [adrIja] n daughter of the Himalay, ~ lady] Ski adv today, now. Parvati. 2 a stream. ~ [adri] See~. 2 adjhonourable, venerable. ~ [adrJ See n~. 3 a man from the hills. ~ [adrasar] n sap of a mountain, secretion of a rock. 2 iron. 3 steel. "kahu adrsara, kahu n$r [adroh] ad)' without ill-will, without bhadr rupa."-akal. 'At some places it is iron enmity; amiable. and gold at other places.' 4 a spring or a ~ [advay], ~3lliT [advItiy], ~ [adVIy] stream, rising from Adri mountain. adj incomparable, unique, matchless. "advIy amar."-gyan. ~ [adrahrnan], ~ [adrrnan] i.:Jl.i.)l~ Abdul Rahman, a devotee ofGuru Nanak Dev. ~R" [adves], }Jf~l:f [advekh] Ski ~R" adj He served thee Guru at Kartarpur and is without enmity. :~ without envy. counted among devout Sikhs. "ek fakir ju ~ [advE] adj unique. See ~. "adI purakh advE."-CJkal. adrahman."-NP nrfii [adrI] Ski n a mountain. 2 a stone. 3 a ~l:f [advEkh] See ~l:f. tree. 4 a cloud. ~3" [advEt] SkI adj unrivalled, unique. 2 n ~ [adns], }~ [adrIsat] See nrfuFIC' I God who is peerless. and~. "dekhI adrIsat rahau bIsmadi." ~~ [advEtvad] SkI ~, the principle holding that there is nothing except God who -sor ill 1. "bItharyo adrIsat jIh karam jar." -CJkal. 2 See lltRRc 3. is the cause as well as the creator of the world. ~ [adrIsar] n sap ofa mountain, secrletion })ftr [adh] SkI 3Rl: adj half. "adh ser magau of a rock. See f~. 2 iron. 3 a fountain of dale."-sor kCJbir. 2 SkI 31m:[ part below, under. 3 See nl1:r. water that springs from a mountain. ~ [adrIsuta] n daughter of the mountain, })ftr ~ [adh uradh] adv under and above. Parvati. 2 stream. 3 Ganga. 2 n the earth and the sky. 3 nether and celestial nrfii lj3"'"g oft H ;3Olnfr [adrI sutahu ki jo tania] worlds. 4 heaven and hell. "kHat paIa adh goddess Kaushaki, daughter of Parvati. 1 urdhi."-gau a ill 1. Iwfu eN~ll:Itlf'lI: wI'c<n ~:~ I ~ [adhsili] adj semi cultured, partly well behaved. "adhsiH treta aIa."-cJc;li 3. ~ ~ mit ~ r\T1:R\ I I-durga sapat sati a 5.
nreur [adey] n not worthy of being given; what
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[ddhdh] See f[l 2. [ddhdk] See ~. ~ [ddhkar] Sec ~. rtIiitt [ddhki] adj additional, excessive. "ddhki trIsna vIapE kam."-gdu d m 1. Jl:lO [ddhdn] adjwithout wealth; poor. "ddhdn dhdni ho jat."-sdloh. ~ [ddhnetra] See ~ and ~. l?f'Ql./'fu" [ddhpdtI] SkI ~ 11 the master, a king. "jyo ddhpdtI Ik po~m? tdjkE."-NP })ftJl..ftr [ddhpadh] half the journey, half the distance. 2 According to the Hindu custom, it is the mid point between the home and the cremation ground where the hearse is placed and the oblation is performed. 3 S nf<:n..fq adv resuming the travel then. ~tft [ddhpadhi] adjwho travels half the way to the destination; who cannot complete the journey. "ddhpadhe hE sasaro va."-va<;f alah1J.iii m 1. ~ [adhbhut] See ~. ))fllH [ddhdm] adj mean, low, base, wicked, vile. ~ [ddhmdi] n meanness, impiety, baseness, depravity. ))fllH thPm [ddhdm caQali] This hymn of Guru' Arjan Dev is in the Asa Rag. (l) ddhdm caQaIi bhdi brahmdDi sudi te srestai re, (2) patali akasi sdkhni lahbdr bujhi khai re, (3) ghdr ki bIlai aVdr sIkhai musa dekhI Qdrai re, (4) aj kE VdSI gun kino kehan kukdr tInhI lagai re, (5) bajhu thunia chdpra thamIa nighna ghdru pan re, (6) bmu jdfie IE jdfIO jdfava theva dCdrdju laIa re, (7) dadi dad I TId pdhucdnhara cupi nIrnau paIa re,
})fQCJ
(8) malI duliCE bEthi Ie mIrtdku nm dIkhaIdnu dhaI re, (9) soi djaDu bhE mE jana jandDharu nd chana re.-asa m 5. It means: The murderous and pain-giving tendency has turned into divine knowledge. The servile has changed into nobility i.e. spiritual strength has come within grasp. See JIRe and JI~. 2 The fire of desire that was not satiated by eating up the underworld and t~e starry world has got extinguished. See~. 3 Tile house cat has been taught in such a way that it is now frightened of the mouse. 4 The Guru has placed the tiger (pride) under the control of the goat (humility) and the dog now eats grass instead of carrion. 5 The thatched roof of the body is held firm without props. What roamed astray without rest has found a home deep within. 6 Without (an) insetter flaunting his acumen, the devotees have got within their own conscience, and inset there a wonderful gem (of spiritual knowledge). 7 The supplicant, failing to get justice through appeal raised with a hue and cry, succeeded in his mission through silence i.e. through deep understanding. 8 Man's corpse man (lacking self-knowledge) sits on the throne, but his visual ostentation (false pretension) has disappeared. He has cultivated contempt for it. 9 An ignoramus alone claims that he knows, but the (real) knower cannot remain unknown. })f[I}/3T [ddhdmta], ~ [ddhdmtv], ~ [ddhmai] 11 lowliness, meanness, depravity, falsehood, inferiority. "ndhI chuti adhmai." =-sor m 9. "kdhdU kdha. dpni adhmai."-to<;fi
m9.
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[adhmadham] adj lower than the lowly, the lowest, most ignoble, heinous sinning, wicked. ~ [adhyan] Skt ~ n study, learning, perusal. rQ-o. Imf [adhar] Skt adj which cannot be grasped or adopted. 2 n the nether region; hell. "adhr;} dhar;} dharal)ah."-sahas m 5. 'adopter of the earth and the nether region.' See l')fl:Rf mf ~. 3 the lower lip. 4 a lip. 5 a constellation. "hukme dharI adhar rahav."-sukhmani. 6 the vagina, pudendum. 7 S adj baseless, without support, helpless. ~ [adharal)] adj not worth adopting; unworthy of adoption. "adharCll) dharl);:l pCltItau dhClrl);:l.'''-gyan. ~ [adharam] n irreligion, sin, depravity, unworthy of adoption. 2 sans words such as, sublime, etc. "namClst;:l CldhClrm;:l."-japu. n:I'01frtt [adharmai] n irreligiousn~~ss. 2 absence of religion. })fmll-ft [Cldharmi] Skt 31tffif~, n an irreligious person, a sinner, a wicked person. })jQafcitrilcl l [adharvIchoha] See ~ l?ffiqra- (b) ~3" [adhramnt] n sweetness of lip, pleasure of kissing. "Cldhar tnya ko cat kahIt adhramnt payo."-caritr 81. ~ [adhria] n a base, support. "nam sahIb ko pran adhria."-g;m m 5. 2 adjwho provides support. ~ [adhr;:lg] ;;>rrf 1?far half limb; a disease that disables half the body. Lr"GfTUf1'3", ~~ hemiplegia. It is a disease of the muscles caused by stupor, brain-carbuncle, gas formation in the stomach, epilepsy, syphilis, etc. Its attack on the left side is more dangerous because the heart is on this side. Its treatment should start early because cure is difficult after two months. Hemp seeds ground and lnixed with honey, or fresh ginger
})fl:(}{lQ}f
mixed with honey are beneficial for the patient. Powder of rock salt, roots of long pepper, gourd, ginger and raysan, taken in equal quantity should b(~ ground and taken 6 masas daily in the gravy of horse beans, is a standard treatment of hemoplegia. The use of the gum of Anniysis comiphora is also very effective. Take sap of leaves of calatropis procara, azedarach, drumstick, vitesnegundo, castor in an equal measure. Boil them in oil equalling the total weight ofall these ingredients. When all the sap is burnt, clean the remaining oil and put it in a bottle. Rubbing this on the body of the patient is quite useful. Rubbing with tiger or bear fat is indeed efficacious. A patient of hemiplegia should not be given glutinous di,et as it produces gas in the body. Instead meat and gravy of gram are useful. l'>fmf mf ll'QFcJ [adhra dhara dharCll)ah]-sahas m 5. See Imf. 2 assuming form to give support to one lacking it. ~ [adhvaddh] adj two equal halves; two parts or pieces. ~ [Cldhro] Dg half. "adhro sigh adhro mal)as."-bano. 'half man half-lion'; Nar Singh >'>ftr" [Cldha] See }?fer. 2 Skt part then. 3 and. 4 but. 5 therefore, hence. ~ [adhak] 3R<fu::cr adj half a letter. 2 See
~.
[adhakhar], J~ [adhakhyar] %feR adj half letter. "braham gIani ka kathIa na ja I adhakhyar."-sukhmani. fQTi') [adhan] Skt })fIrqr(') n trust money, deposit for safe custody. 2: pregnancy, conception. })fQl}f [adham] who has no habitation, homeless. "nClmClsta Cldhama."-japu.
})fQll:fd"
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[adhar] Skt f'"Q1'O n support, prop, succour. 2 a vessel, pot, utensil. })fl:Rft [adhari] Skt~ adjwho gives support. 2 n a beggar's bag, lap. 3 a female ascetic; a T-shaped stand wooden support on which holy men rest their arms during meditation. 4 food. "sabhna der adhari."-to<;ii m 5. rfq [adhr] Skt prep used to form words denoting higher status as ~ (officer), rfutrfu (lord, king), ~ (God), and l?fftrar,:r (monarch), etc. 1?Ifu>,rT [adhra], ~ [adhrau], n-rf'qwfu [adhrar] See~. ~ [adhratam] Skt ~ . n soul. 2 mind. 3 nature. 4 body. 5 knowledge of the self. l'>Ifun!t3H CJH [adhratam karam] Skt ~ "i'filf n actions relating to spiritualism. 2 means for attaining spiritual knowledge. "adhratam karam kare ta saca."-gaua m 1. 3 actions in accord with one's nature,1 wi lied actions. "adhratam karam je kare namu na kab-hi par."-sri m 3. ~ [adhratmi] adj concerning spiritualism. "adhratmi harrgul) tasu manr jap-hr eku murarr."-sri m 3. ))jfQA2 1d l [adhrstata], ~ [adhrsthata] Skt ~ n a manager, an organizer, a chief. ~ [adhr~than] Skt n a place for living, a town. 2 a house, home. 3 support, prop. ~ [adhrk] adj plentiful. "adhrk suad rag adhrkai."-mala m 1. 2 remainder, residue. 3 n gemination mark in Punjabi in the shape of the new moon denoting double consonant. 4 a literary figure of meaning wherein the supporter is magnified more than the support provided. "jahf adhey te adhrk adhar." -garab gJjni. "rom rom vrcc rakkhron
'l)f'QTij'
kar brahmaq karor sumara."-BG Here the quality ofa hair is magnified more than of the universe. ~ [adhrkta] excess, abundance. ~ [adhrkaral)] Skt n basis, support. 2 a context. 3 a title, heading. 4 locative case in grammar. ~ [adhrkai] See rf1::ror3'r. "tanr manr satr hor adhrkai."-kaii am 4. 2 adj desirous of worldly objects, greedy. "mara ke jo adhrkai, vrc mara paCE pacijE."-kali am 4. 3 having long life; long-living. "markaqe te ko adhrkai, jrnr trrl) dharr muq balae." -dhana namdev. 4 too much. "trrsna jalhr adhrkai."-bher m 3. ~ [adhrkar] n a rank, status. 2 a right. 3 competence. "atar bal adhrkar."-sava m 1. 'concerning the competence of the army.' 4 authority. ~ [adhrkari] Skt~,n one who has the right or a title. 2 a rank holder. 3 an owner, a master. ~ [adhrkrrt] Skt ~ adj occupied, under possession. 2 n an officer. ~ [adhrdev] n a deity. 2 a household god. 3 an adorable god. ~ [adhrdev] adjwhat happens suddenly. 2 concerning a god. ~ [adhrp], ~ [adhrpatr] n a master, an owner. 2 a chief, chieftain. 3 a king. ~3" [adhrbhut] n the immanent God to whom all living beings owe their dependence. ~ [adhrbhutak], ~ [adhrbh:>tak] See }}l'fQ; foO(. Ifl::ra'er [adhrrath] See ~. ~ [adhrrajl n a powerful king, an emperor; a monarch ruling over a vast empire. ~ [adhrvasan] Skt n the act of residing in another's house. 2 residence. 3 consecration of god in an image.
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~ [adhIve~an] SkI n
l)ft:(':il'"liI
a rally. 2 a session. l)fiTa' [adher], ~ [adhera], filg [adheru] n 3 an assembly, a congregation. darkness. gloom. "sakatI adher jevri bhram !tit [adhi] adj half. 2 r (without) tit (intellect), cuka."-gau kabir. "bharam adhera lahi."-dev foolish. "tudh bhav adhi parvaI)."-dllcwa m m 5. "agIan adheru cukaIa."-var guj 1 m 3. ntitw [adhela] n quarter of a pice; half a dhela. 1. 3 n half a damri, the smallest coin. l')f1fur [adhi~] SkI n an owner, a master. 2 a king. ~ [adhm] See ~. })fit [adho] See 1~. })ftfB" [adhit] adj studied, considered. })ftI'to [adhin] adj subject, subordinate. nriioTfu" [adhogatI] n fall, decline, downfall, 2 subdued. 3 humble, free from vanity. "ajya retrogression. adhin tate param pavItr bhai."-BGK. I 'A goat fitaft [adhogi] SkI l?fllOT n one On the road; a ()){RT) being humble became holy.' traveller, passenger. "bhajl guru ~ [adhinta] n subjection, dependence. gyanadhjgi."-BG 'Pray to and serve the 2 humility. Guru who leads to knowledge.' ttfur [adhir] adj impatient, restless. ~ [adhomu] short form of~. Seenpf I. ~ [adhiraj] SkI ~. n impatience, ~lilf [adhomukh] adj hanging with head uneasiness, petulance. downward; prostrate. 2 upside down. ~ [adhira] in poetry, a middle-aged heroine ~oT [adhori] adj who supports or helps. who petulantly disapproves of the hero's "sukhdate prabhu pran adhori."-gau m 5. conduct of making love to another woman. ~ [adhorna] vto unstitch, unsew, separate. rg [adhu] adj half. "adhu gula CIri ka l?fllo [adh::m] rcf-HO half a maund, twenty cugaI).u."-var mala m 1. seers. ~ [adhuna] advnow, at this time, these days. ~ [;:Jdh;}dh;:Jr] adj half the body, body in l'>f'lJW [adhula], [adhuli] adj blind. two parts. "sudar sIgh adh;}dh;:Jr kE."-knsan. 2 ignorant. "durmatI adhuli kar."-bas~t a m })ftfo [adMn] adj unfortunate, unfelicitious, unblessed. 1. "netr phun adhul."-bllE'T m 1. l1f1JlW [adhua] adj half. "bIlam na adhua rai." l)j'q [;:Jddh] See ItT. 2 SkI 31~, n a journey, passage. 3 a path. "sanaddh baddh addh -guj am 1. l)ftJ"3" [adhut] SkI n one who remains unafraid; hv."-kalki. ~ [addhaI).], llJfr:ro [addh;:Jn] n half a maund, a fearless on<~. "adhut h."-japu. twenty seers, two weights (often seers each). ~ [adhum] adj smokeless. 2 noiseless. ~ [adhura] adj partially complete, ~ [;:Jdhy;:Jst] SkI adjfalse, illusory; a thing incomplete. thought to be at a place but in reality there may be nothing at all; for example silver in })fit [adhe] SkI 31U: part below, under. 2 SkI 31WT adj not held by anyone, without support. an oyster shell. ~ [adhyak~] SkI n one who keeps an eye "adhe h."-japu ~ [adhea] See })fIit1:;r. on every thing around, master, owner. 2 an officer. 3 a headman. >nito [adhen] See~. ~ [adhey] See~. "ahI adheyjhutholakh n:r.iI"liIi' [adhy-y;:Jn] SkI n recitation of the tse."-NP Guru's words as uttered by him; that is, a IS ee Bhai Gurdas, Var 23, pauri 13. study, a reading.
nrgm
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[<3dhyv<3say] Skt n enthusiasm, ~ [<3dhv<3r] Skt n such an oblatory ritual in courage. 2 confidence. 3 fondness, desire. which violence and sacrifice do not figure and ))j"Q':iITR' [<3dhyas] Skt n a thought. 2 false no killing of the animal takes place. knowledge. 3 imagining the quality of one 2 uninterrupted oblation. See ~. thing in another. 4 a seat. 5 a posture. l'>I'lfdl!!' [adhvrayu] Skt 3T~ n Yajurved. 2 a jQ:I!'ij'ij [<3dhyahar] Skt n a thought. 2 a Brahman who performs oblation by reciting verses from Yajurved. talk. 3 (missing) words added during explication of a text. "Ih j<3g mE ram nam ))j7) [an] Skt ~ vr to go, be competent, take so t<3U n<3hl sunIO kan."-jeja m 9. 'In this away. 2 part indicating the negative aspect by prefixing the main word. 3 Jo>Io.ir adj other, God's name (great essence of which) you another, different. "lobhi an kau sevde."-sri have not lent an ear to' the words added in m 3. "sagar bud nahi an hera."-brla m 5. 4 n brackets are <3dhyahar. Similarly in the line. "k<3rI k<3rI harIo <3nIk b<3hu bhati."corn, grain. "latu madha!).ia angah."-var asa. gau m 5. 'got tired of various (efforts)', 5 a suffix clarifying the idea of the principal verb. "rakhe rakh<3!).har apI ubarI<3nu."I-var the added word is an <3dhyahar to complete the sense of the line. guj m 5. 6 ))j7) is also used in place of l?iO. ~ [<3dhyat<3m] See ~. See IOfuo and l?iO. ~ [<3dhyat<3mgyan] Skt n knowledge l')fOFIO [ansan] Skt ))j7)-))jF,fO adj who does not eat, or who undergoes fast. "<3cV<3hD <3S<3n kI spiritual or divine. raha ansana?"-NP. ))j"Q':IIT3}f ~ [<3dhyat<3m ramay<3!).] n the Ramayan, which contains the story of Ram l'fi'iR"lJ [ansadhu] an evil person, See i.ttr 2. for imparting spiritual knowledge.Gulab 'lffi'i'ljl')fT [ansua] See ~. Singh, a learned scholar of the Nirmala sect ~ [ansuta] n a barren woman, not capable of bearing a child. translated it from Brahmand Pural} in Sammat l'>Ii'i'lJlII' [ansuy], ~ [ansuyak] adjfree from 1839. l')ftI':IIT3}/T [<3dhyatma] Skt n transcendent God. i1JW (jealousy), unenvious. "ansuY<3k $ubh man nahI manr."-GPs. ~ [<3dhyap<3k] Skt n a teacher, an ~ [ansuya] daughter of Daksh and wife educator. of rishi Atri. According to the Ramayan, she ~ [<3dhyapIka] Skt a lady teacher, a lived on Chitrakut mountain with her husband. mistress. She was saintly and given to meditation and })ft:r.JllII' [<3dhyay] Skt n a part of a book, chapter. therefore possessed several spiritual powers. ~ [<3dhyarop] Skt n fabrication. When Sita along with her husbant.: came to 2 assigning the action of one to another, for example, taking the behaviour of maya see her, Ansuya gave her a magical paste for rubbing over her body which would keep her (illusion) as the act of God. 3 climbing, ever youthful. "b<3ri an <3nsuya narI."-datt. ascending. 2 freedom from jealousy and envy. ~ [<3dhr<3v], jtJ~ [<3dhruv] Skt ~ adj not stationary, unstable, volati Ie. 2 transient, lffi'iJfl:f [<3ns;}kh] adj innumerable, countless. "ans;}kh achuhanI sag dala."-datt. See Hl:f. impermanent, perishable. "S<3bh <3dhrav QIthe I In Gurbani, it changes into '10'. jiu ta carank<3mal cItu laIa."-suhi chat m 5.
jQ:I!@R'lII
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})f(')
'))fi'i'U3'
[an~varl
Skt adj indestructible,
everlasting. [anhat] Skt l?fc'i""(J"3" adj un struck; without a bruise. "dan vaj-hI anhat vaje ram."-vaQ chat m 5. See})fi:')(J3' mR'. '))fi'i'U3' mR' [anhat ~abad], fO(J3' ~ [anhat nad] Skt ~ ~l n the sound that is produced without striking at anything. According to the Yog, the yogis hear it when they reach the transcendental stage of meditation, dasam dvar or the ultimate spiritual stage. "prathme bhramargOjar sakhdhunI dutIy kahijjE, tntIy bajE mIrdag caturath-hI tal sunIjjf, pacam ghata nael kha~t biDadhun:c hoi, saptam bajE bhen a~tama dOdabhI joi, navmE garaj samudr ki da~am megh ghokhhI gunE, kahI sOdaI' anhat~abad ko das prakar jogi sunE."-sOdarvr1as. 2 In Gurmat, it stands for transcedental music that is not audible to the ears. The devotees experience it during meditation. "anhata sabad bajat bheri."-sohrla. 3 The revelation of the Divine that dawns upon a spiritually awakened person. ~ [anhad] Sel~ fO(J3'. "anhad baDi paiE tah haumE hOI bInas."-sri m 1. 2 adj unlimited, beyond measure. "anhad rup anahdt bani." -akaI. 3 n a gaD metre, also named akra, aDka, anubhav, ~a~;Ivaelna, caQrasa and madhurdhunI. It has four lines, each line has III, ISS arrangeme:nt. Example: satjug ayo, sabh sunpayo, munI man bhayo, gunI gan gayo.-kalki. l)fi'lueHSe [anhadsabad] l)ji'lcle(')ie [anhadnad], l)j(')ue~N;l [anhaclbaDi] See fO(J3'~. "anhad
'The antonym of l)f;'i'<!3" is striking something.
JW<J3",
which arises out of
sabael baj-hI darbare."-bl1t:r m 5. "anhad dhuni dan vajde." -sri m 5. "anhad baDi sabad vajae."-gau a m 3. lffi'ifu3' [anhIt] n against one's interest; evil, damage, disadvantage, opposition. ~ [anhoni] adj what cannot happen; impossible. "efta taki kijiE jo anhoni hoI."-s m9. ~ ~cmhovan] adjimpossible. "hovankaura anhovan mitha."-brla m 5. (that is) 'Death is bitter but sweet is life.' 2 n non-existence, absence. })fi"iq [anak] Skt adj low, mean. 2 Skt many. 3 Skt ))fT(')Cf n a small kettle drum. "anak tur bheri paDav."-CClrItr 1. 4 A jl n happiness. 5 adjjoyful, pleasing. })fi"iq fi::fur [anak sIgh] See ~ fRur. l)fi'lClief~t1 [anakduelbhIj] son ofAnakdundubhi (Vasudev), Krishandev.-sClnama. ~t&;:r sMf(,)f1Ii1di'liGlCl ~ [anakdOdbhIj balabhnIjaearnayak satr] n Anakdundubhi's son, Krishan, whose darling was Jamna; born of Jamna Was the grass that the deer grazed; the deer's master was the lion; whose foe was the gun.-SClnama. ~~ [anakdudbhi] See ~~. ~ [ankap] Skt~n one who drinks with more than one limb, i.e. with trunk and mouth; an elephant.-sClnama. ~ [ankapni], l)f'()C(1.ft [ankapi] n an army of elephants.-sClnama. See~. ~ [ankapyarI] n the enemy of an elephant, the lion . -sClnama. ~~ [ankapyan nadanI] n an army roaming like the lion, the enemy ofelephants, having its roar.-SClnama. 2 gun, musket. ~ [anakrib] A -:-c.? advnearly, roughly, about (in time). 2 in the near future. l)fi'jC:{l' lanka] a gal) metre of four lines, also named ~a~I, whose each line is organized as
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corn that is threshed. "latu madhaI).ia Example: angah."-var asa. prabhu hE; aju hE; ajE hE; abE hE.-ramav. l'>fOaii:r [angadh] adj odourless. 2 without any 2 See~. 3 See~. trace. 3 n a foul smell, stench. "angadh jare ~ [ankar], ~ [ankae] SkI ~ n maM kug anla."-gyan. one who is bodiless; desire, lust; Cupid. lffi"jUf [anagh] adj without 'l?fUf (sin); sinless. 2 blameless, unblemished. "ankae ratpa! vat duheli ram."-bIha chat m 5. 2 })fc').if-~! why (or for what) another; why })fOllI;f [anghar] adjunhewn, See~. 2 badly any other. hewn, unshapely, mis-shaped. 3 uneducated, ~ [anakad], ~ [anakadI] adj the uncultured, vulgar. origin of many; root of all. "ankadI sarupa ~ [ancar] SkI ~ n loose character; immorality. amIt bIbhuta."-gyan.. l')fOQl}f [ankam] adjwithout desire. 2 SkliQCXTH ~ [ancari] SkI 3FfRrrft;:r~ adj licentious, fulfiller of desire. "sarab ke ankam."-akal. reprobate, profligate. "ancari ka dhan."-sava ~ [ankal] adj timeless; akal; God that m3. never dies. ~ [ancet] adj without feeling, insentient. 2 advall of a sudden, sudden Iy. "jaI lagi han ~lr [ankObh] See @lr. "tab kObh Jr ankObh an; dal rukyo ram ki tyag kan."-ramav. ko ancet."-krIsan. ~ [ankapa] See ~. ~ [anchIjj] adj indestructible, imperishable. "anchIjj tej udar."-akal. ~ [anak~ar] SkI adjwho has no knowledge of letters; uneducated, illiterate. l'>I"i'i'N"O [anjan] adj ignorant, without knowl')f01:f [anakh] See f<!l:f. "man ankhaI su kupledge, foolish, illiterate. hi ghanere."-GPs. 2 who has no nails, without ~ [anjanat] adv ignorantly. "anjanat talons. bIkhIa mahI racE."-sukhmani. ~ [ankhag] See fQl:for. ~ [anjev] adj unconquerable. "Im kapat ~ [anakkhar] See~. dev anjev nrIp, jadIn jhatak dE dhaI hE." ))f'OOI' [anag] See l'>fior. 2 who is not ?lor -pards. 2 which cannot be ffi.!o (eaten); (stationary); moving, living. 3 transitory. inedible. 4 volatile. ~ [anjhajh] adj sans ~ (trembling), unshivering, steady. "anjhajh gat."-japu. See ))f'OOI'O [ angan], I7iCll'f'o3" [an ganIt] a dj countless, innumerable. ~~. ~ [angarua] adj lacking in sense of ))fOG [anat], ~ [anatt] n ~. a lie, falsehonour, mean. 2 })f('fur-'"iIT charming, attractive, hood. 2 injustice. 3 adj who does not back having graceful features. "angarua akhara."- out. 4 immutable, permanent. ''<matt mala namdev. sukkhla."-gyan. 'lasting comfort.' l')('i'i(JS" [angar] adjunorganized, unforged, self[angith] adj unseen, unobserved. existent. 2 n the Creator. I7iif~ [angag] SkI ~ not liable to l'>I'OcJI'I'U [;mgah] adj which cannot be organised; punishment, unpunishable. boundless, very grim. 2 n a thrashing frame 'lffi'i3' [anat] SkI adj which is not 03' (bent), unbending, without humility. 2 SkI ~ which is dragged around in a circle over the
one yagaI). (ISS).
nrnm
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aradhe arag andai."-sor m 5. 2See~. 3 a non-giver. l)f(')fuo [andln], })rOf'Q [andlnu] Skt l')fQfuo advevery day, always, continuously. "andlno mohr ahi plasa."--sohIla. andlnu sahsa kade nacukE."-bIha var m 3. ~ [anadu] See >:~. "anadu karE sasI sasr samar."-asa m 5. ~ [andnsat] adj invisible, unseen. })j(')F~RF<:: [andrISajI] Skt the deluge; ultimate destruction of the universe. "avanu javan drr satI andrr satI."-sukhmani. iOQ'd" [andhar] Skt))j('jTQT6" adj without a base, groundless. "andhar pramath."-datt. 2 })j'(')"m5. mr which cannot be caught; ungraspable, ~ [anatbhaI] adv in numerous ways. irresistible. "Ih bhat nfd andhar subhat." -paras. "raja ram maulIa anatbhaI."-ba$Jt kabir. })j(')FQa,Jj [anadhlkari] Skt ~,adjwho ~ [anatar] Skt ~ adj one of the two, is not entitled or empowered; undeserving, the second, the other one. 2 Skt adj at another place, somewhere else. 3 Skt~ afterwards, incapable, unfit. 2~ dismissed, demoted. hereafter. 4 i'"r.i:iI"-"32 another tree. "cadna ~ [anadhya]1 Skt . ~ n time not subasu jasu sImraf anatar."-savEye m 3 ke. prescribed for studying. In Hinduism, study is prohibited on thee first, eighth and fourteenth })j(,)3FaGl' [antarIya], ~ [antariya] adj lunar dates and on moonless and full moon who does not know swimming. "antarIya jya days; 1 ";madhya jo vldya parE so vadi jag sfdhu ko cahrt taran."-cJQi 1. l)fi')3T [anata] See})f03". "anata dhan dhan mahI."-GPS. dabla."-suhi chJt m 4. })j'(')'(')' [anan] Skt n life. 2 movement, dynamism. 3 breath. 4 See l')f?5o"Jf. })j(')'W [an-tha] See ~. })f'(')"t!" [anad] Skt n pleasure, joy, happiness. })f(')'(')l.(d' [ananpClr] Skt ~ adj devoted or attached to only one; a monotheist. "gran Clru "anad sukh magal bane."-bIla m 5. 2 felicity. dhyan ananpar."--savEye m 4. 3 See~. ~ [anadmul] adj the origin or causle of ~ [anany] Skt adj not related to i7iJl" (other); devoted only to one. 2 engrossed in happiness. "anadmul dhralO purkhotamu." only one subject, devoted only to one type of -bIla m 4. thinking. ~ [anadrup] adjwhose forte is happiness. lffi'i'Qlif [ananvay] Skt unrelated;'a literary figure "anadrup pragatlo sabh thanI."-ram m 5. })j(')eifea [andaTk] adj who does not give. of meaning, wherein there is none to be compared with the one defined; a simile to "andaIk tlh putr na pIt ko badh klyO." IMany other days and times arealso added to them when -carItr 266. 2 the provider of f~od. study is prohibited. See manusImrrti. Ch. 4, S 102 to 121. ~ [andai] n ecstasy, joy, pleasure. "han endless. "pasrlo ap hOI anat tarag." -sukhmani. See t.I~. 3 Skt~ adv somewhere else. "kahI nanak ab nahI anat gatI."-toQi m 9. 4 Skt rfo:g::;r adj transitory, destructible. "anata dhan dh;m)i dhare ,mat na cahla jar; anat kau cahan jo gae se ae anat gavaI."--gau m 1. 'puts perishable wealth under the earth, but does not desire the endless one (God); those who pursued wealth have come to lose that eternal One (God).' 5 someone else. "sImran brna anat nahI kaju."-NP I':l:":lr:r.lftr:n,. ft ::I })j(,)3dddl' [anat taraga], })j(')33ddn [anat taragi] adj having infinite waves; sea, ocean. 2 n the Creator, God. "asa pural.). anat tar~ga."-bIla
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reveal uniqueness where something is Vahguru. "anbhau bhau na darSE."-ram compared with itself. "jaM karat upmey ko ravdas. upmeyE upman."-~rvraj. bl1U~,m. ~ [anbhay] adj f~arless. ~ [anbhav] See~. 2 adjsans~(birth); Example: "kahI ravIdas akath katha bahu kaI karijE? which is not born. ~ [anbha] short form for~. the other jEsa tu tEsa tuhi, kIa upma dijE?"-brla. thought. "nas hOI anbha bhIdE."-GV 10. "bhale amardas gu!). tere teri upma tuhI 'Ideas gathered in the other way came to banIavE."-saveye m 3 ke. naught.' ~ [anparh] Skt l'){l.f<) adj one who does not ~ [anbhIg], tOfuot:ir [anbhIgy] Skt ~ know how to read; unlettered. adj not knowing, ignorant. ~ [anapaIni], ~ [anapavani] Skt 3T;or~;or, adj imperishable, constant, firm. ~ [anbhIj] adjnottrusting. 2 unrelenting, not pleased. 3 ascetic, alone; detached. "anpavni bhagatI na upji."-sar parmanad. ~ [anpeksh] See }')fc')ilcr 2. ~ [anbhut] adj not of material elements. })('i')"l}l:f [anpekh] adj unseen, invisible. 2 Skt 2See~. ~ [anbhev] See~. "te jan hE anbhev." ~ desireless, indifferent. -braham. ~ [anphur] adj without will or resolve, ~ [anbhE], ~ [anbh:J] See ~, ~ quiet. 2 n falsehood, untruth. and ~. "karta hOI su anbhE rahE."-bher ~ [anbIkat] Skt~ adjwhose name and fonn have not been revealed. 2 fQ-~ ravdas. 2 ~-!m other fear. "anbhE VIsre free from illusion. 3 n the Creator, God. namI samaIa."-gau m 1. 'With the Divine imbibed, vanishes the other fear.' "anbIkat rag."-datt. rofil'q [anbIddh] Skt ~ adjwhich cannot l')fi')}fc') [anm,m], l')f('))-IOT [anm,ma] adj attached to other than the One; fickle-minded. 2 sad, be pierced, unbreakable. 2 whose limbs have melancholy. "sunkE sIkh anman hVE ae." not been perforated. -GPs. ~ [anbol] adj silent, soundless. ~ [anbolat] adjwithout speaking. "anbolat ~ [anmarag] Skt~ n wrong or false path. 2 ~-HTOOT the other route. meri bIrtha jani."-sar m 5. ~ [anmIkh] Skt~ adjwithout blink~ [anbra!).] Skt~ adjnot split, unpierced, ing, with constant stare. 2 n a fish. 3 The god undivided. "anbra!). anat."-japu. who does not blink. 4 Bhai Santokh Singh ~ [anbhau] adj fearless. "anbhau padu has also used anmIkh for time. "tIh anmIkh paVE ap gavae."-maru solhe m 1. 2 n the Creator, God. "anbhau kInE na dekhIa, mukh bhai arunta."-NP 'Then the face got ruddy, is a transform of blink.' bEragiare."-maru kabir. 3 Skt l'lfQ~, n knowledge gained without any guidance. })(('j')-ftw [anmila] adj not aligned. See l'>fff3' "anbhau prakas. "-japu. 'is self-evident ~. knowledge.' 4 ))f('jJf-!m, fear of the other. ~ [anmekh] See ~. "anbhau bIsangae prabhu jaCIa."-sar am 1. ~ [anmev] adj nnfur immeasurable. 2 unlimited, boundless. "nanki sunat harkhat ~ ~ [anbhau bhau] Skt ~ ~ n the ,mmev'Jg."-NP light of self-knowledge. 2 the Creator,
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acquired. 3 violence, oppression. "kan kan precious. anarath vIhajhi maIa."-asa. m 5. 4 part in 2 expensive. ~ [anmacJl adj undecorated. 2 See l~. vain, futile. })fi')liI" [anay] Skt n against Olif (justice) injus~ [anrau] Skt })fQoraT n love, affection, tice. "samas manfd prakas nay, tam anay amorous attachment. "nanak kE manI nasae."~GPs. 'Light ofjustice equals that of Ihu anrau."-sukhmani. 2 ~ echo, reverthe sun.' 2 inauspicious. beration. lffi'iQ [anal'] n an impotent person. 2 a coward, ~ [anrag] See })fQoraT. 2 without love, timid person. bereft of love. See ~ 2. ))f('ffi)1 [anras] adj nf('i":if-QR other taste. "anras ~ [anraga], ~ [anragi] adj ~ CUkE harIras manI vasae."-majh a m 3. lover. "gurmukhI so anraga."-sor m 1. 2 insipid, tasteless. "hoI' anras sabh bisre." "suratI sDnI anragi."-gau kabir. "nIjghan -anadu. 3 renouncer of taste. "dehrasii vallo bastau pavanu anragi."-srdhgosatr. 2 ))fO anras hoe hEn."-bhagtavli. 4 n antagonism, (without) orar (love), stoical. "sabh mahI vaSE discord, hostility. 5 a literary defect inhering atit anragi."-bllEr m 3. conflicting qualities; poets have defined five ~ [;:mradha] Skt ~ adj unrestrained, categories of anras: "pratynik niras vIras headstrong. "jan bIcrE anradha."-sri beni. keshav duhsadhan patradu$t kabbIt bahu 2See~. karhf na sukavI bakhan."-rasrk prrya. ~ [anrukat] See ~. (a) pretynIk is mixing of lovt':, power, pity ~'Q" [anruddhl See ~'Q". and horror. (b) niras is expressing love ~ [anrup] adjill-formed, ugly. "rup anrup hypocritically. (c) VIras is writing about mora kachu na bicano."-to<;li m 5. 2 Skt~ copulation amidst sorrow. (d) mixing up of adj similar, resembling, like. "dharanI me friendship and hostility is duhsadhan. saIII jEse kup anrup] kE bImal jal chae hE." (e) writing contrary to the context is patradu$t. -BGK. 3 proper, suitable. "jo anrupIO thakur 6 Some poets have mentioned the savour of merE hOI rahi uh bat."-guj m 5. 4 concordant. quiescent peace as an anras. In their opinion 5 other or different form. quiescence spoils poetics; they thelrefore ~ [anal] Skt 3F1C1 n what never gets satiated; a fire. "audh anal tanu tIn ko madaru."-gau uphold only eight rasas in poetic literature. kabir. 2 representing the numeral three 7 Skt })fQQR a mixture of two savours. See l?fT('jQH. because three fires are recognised. See f3'o ~. [anargal] Skt 3FP("ff adj without ~. 3 Skt )~~ source of life; wind, air. restraint, unrestrained, free. "anal agam jse lahan maIO dadhI."-sor ~ [anrat] adj without love, loveless, sad. ravdas. 'Waves come into being on account 2 nf('i":if-"ij3" who loves someone else. 3 Skt ~ of strong wind rising above the ocean.' 4 Skt n a lie, an untruth. "ahamat anrat kumIt 3Tfffi;r a bird also called analpak$, supposed hIt."-kan m 5. "matva madya kunara always to stay in the sky. Its eggs ripen in the anrata."- kalki. sky during their fall to the earth, and the poults ~ [anarath] Skt 3Ff~ n a wrong meaning, 'Traditional scholars use this term for 'expressing' as contrary implication. 2 wealth sinfully well.
~ [anmol] Skt~ adjpriceless,
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begin flying in the air without ever touching tab re dharam ki as karE." the earth. "anal akas pachi c;lolbo karat hE." -asa kabir. -akai. See ~ and IfW. "jab ghar madan agI lagani, kac;lhI kup kac;lhE pamhare." ~ [an~lhakk] A J7\tl I am God. "analhakk bolyo vIkhIata."-NP. The followers of -natam 4. Vedant philosophy, who like the Sufi saints ~ [anavady] Skt adjfree from ~ (defect), appreciable, admirable, praiseworthy. consider themselves Brahma, make this utterance, See RHF.r ~. "ajar amar anavady abhekha."-NP. ~ [analpak~], ~ [analpachi] See ~ [anvar] A .ii' adj illuminating, shining, }o)f('ffi 4. very bright. 2 Skt l?fO-~, not inferior, ~ [analvau] n fire-like air, scorching supenor. wind. 2 a hot suffocating, sand laden wind of ~ }:flO [anvar xan] a ranked holder in the army of the chief Mukhlas Khan. He fought the desert ofArabia, Africa etc. which causes many to parch to death and others to get against Guru Hargobind during the battle of stranded. A (Y. "anal vau bharam bhulai." Amritsar. -maru solhe m 3. 3 fire without life-sustaining 1()~adOil() [anvartyan] See 1 FmaF3('). oxygen in which man cannot remain alive; 1()~If3<!i [anvauJ)a] v to make available, send for. "anvayo ham ne tIS bhat."-GPS. carbon dioxide. "atar lobh bharam analvau, diva balE na sOjhi paI."-asa m 3. 2 f""q~<!T to get something or someone ~ [analu] fire. See}o)f('ffi. "muktE gun analu washed or bathed. "rup sidhu anvae."-paras. bujhaIa."-ram kabir. ~ [anvaIa] adj called for, sent for. ~ [anavastha] Skt ~ : n lack of 2 ~ got bathed, helped in having a bath. firmness in thought and speech. 2 a blemish ~ [anvan] A t.:JIY' a title, heading. 2 a beginning. 3 a preface, foreword. of speech wherein the device does not lead to a conclusion, as in. "je ko bujhE hOVE sacIaru; ~ [anvar] A .i1}1 plural ofga-, light, flashes. dhavlE upan keta bharu? dharti horu parE ~ [anvraJ)]. See~. horu horu; tIS te bharu talE kavaJ)u joru?"-japu. 1OTH' [anas] adj hopeless, undesired. "anasa 1()~Hfafa [anavasthItI] Skt 1MfFSfa n udasi."-datt. 2 indestructible. "namo namo anas ko." 3 Skt without '(')TW (nose), noseless. vacillation, unsteadiness. 2 lack of support. 3 instability of mind even after meditation. ~ [anasauc] See ~. ))f'()TH('j [anasan] adj without a seat or position. 4See~. ~ [anavsar] a literary figure describing 2 Skt YifOF.fO food. the execution of action at the wrong time, lffi'i'fi:Rr [anasIr] A /l1' plural of~. the five rendering it useless. elements: earth, air, water, fire and ether. "f(')Tlltr [anas:>c] Skt 1"F.ttf n uncleanliness, Example: impurity. "anas:>c nama mahii sur soh." "suke sarvan palI badhavE, IUJ)e khet hathvan karE. -paras. ))f(')T(]'d" [anahat], ~ [anahatI], ~ [anaaIO cor turat-hI lEgaIo, hatu] adj not wounded, unhurt. 2 indestructimeri rakhat mugadh phIrE. jIhva bacan sudh nahi nIksE, ble, deathless. "adI anil anadI anahatI."
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ghakke ghol, ghuki ghal; chuHE bal)., UtthE -jdPU. 3 n one who has not been killed; the jval.-ramav. Creator, the transcendent One. "jotI sarup 6 Skt adjwithout 'O"'e' (sound), soundless. 7 A anahat lagi, kahlJ halal kIa kia."-prabha kdbir. J!;Y enmity, hostility. 4 According to Amarkosh it is a piece ofcloth that has not been beaten in washing by the ~ [anadatt] n lack of charity, parsimony, miserliness. "Itf datt dhayo anadatt utt~." washerman. 5 See ~ m:rt!". -pards. 'From here rushed charity, from there ~ [anahar], ~ [anahari] Skt 3fl1~ came miserliness.' adj without food, fasting. ~ [anadar] n disrespect, insult, dishonour. l')f('j'T(JfT [anaga], fi'i'TOft [anagi] adv without missing a day or time, regularly, continuously. l)f'O'Tfe' [anadI] Skt adj sans beginning ever"dan deu anagi s~ghar raccIa."-c5c;li 3. 2 adj existent. "adi ani! anadI anahat."-jCJpu. 2 victuals, proviisions. "anal anadI kiau." unprecedented. ~ [anacar] See ~. -sdveye m 4 ke. "dh~n anadI bhukhe kaval tahkev."-g5c;l kdbir. "devhf sabhan anadI." })fOlR [anaj], l?IOTjj [anaju] n foodgrain, corn, cereals, See f<'iTe". "anaju magau sat si ka." -NP f('j1}f [anam] Skt 3F1Tl1rf~ adj nameless. "anam -dhdna dh5na. hr."-japu. "jag nam sah~s anam aho."-NP f<"i'3' [anat] Skt 1:f'3" adj bathed; who has taken 2 Skt l?f?iT}flif" without l'lfTlfliI" (disease), healthy. a bath. 2 sends for, obtains. 3 something "tan anam man anad hr."-NP 3 See WH. fetched. l)f(")T)flif" [anamay] adj having no disease, f<'iT3}f [anatam] Skt 3AT('1i adj soulless, inert. 2 n five elements which are different from . healthy. "akhIlanamay krrpa tumari."-GPs. the soul. 3 without conscience. "~g hin abhag ))fOll-fT [anama], 1?l"?;rf}fo(r [anamIka] Skt finger next to the little finger which is sinful to name anatam."-japu. lffi'iTEI" [anath] adj unprotected. 2 indigent, because it was wiith this finger that Shiv had cut Brahma's head. At the time ofan oblation, destitute, orphan. n1o'aclo'a [anathahnath] ~ [anathnath] a ring ofgrass is worn on it so that its impurity goes away. "nIj anamIka te su bagai."-GPS. adjmaster ofall orphans. "anathahnath daIal 'took the ring from Anamika and threw it sukhsagar."-sar m 5. 2 n God who is the away.' master of the orphans. "patlt udharan ))f'O"l'}ft [anami] adj nameless. 2 l?f?iT}flif" without anathnath."-gdu thrti m 5. n1o'a'MliI [anathalay] n a house for the disease. "karhu avar ko kEsanami."-NP 3 prize-winning, fit for the award. homeless, an orphanage. f<'iTe' [;mad] Skt 3rnJG n God who accepts all. f<'i'W [anam] See: l?f?iT}flif". 2 adj who eats corn or cooked food. 3 corn, ))fO'Itifl'J1 [anayas] adv without })f1'lif"Il1 (effort), effortlessly. "anayas sabh hi banjaI."-GPs. grain, etc. 4 rootless, without a beginning. 5 n a four lined van;tIk stanza, also called l?fOTl!ftJ [anayudh] Skt adj unarmed, without vapi, organised as 555, 155, 5, I, with pauses weapons. l1I'O'Q [anar] adj wiithout ~ (neck), neckless. after every fourth varal). (character): Example: 2 P .Jel n a pomegranate, L punica granatum. A sweet pomegranate heals thirst and sickness calle bal)., rukkE gEl).; matte sur, ratte nEl)..
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of throat, strengthens semen and is constipative. Seedless pomegranates of Kandhar are the best. Its sour type is used in preparing sauces and condiments. Its rind called 'naspal' is used in several medicines. })j(')iae'<!' [anardal).a] n dried seeds of pomegranate used in sauces and condiments. ))j"(')Tij1jf [anaray] Skt n non-Aryan. 2 a clumsy fellow, a naive person. 3 an uncultured fellow; a rustic. ~ [analka] adjnot a companion. "khaQIa bharam anal ka."~maru solhem 5. 2 without sloth. ~ [analobh] n absence of greed, contentment. ~ [analab] adjwithout a support or a stay. "analab lakh sis jhukava."-GPs. ~ [anavan] v to bathe, to have bath. "jal nrkas pun srkkh anav."-GPs. 2 n bringing or fetching. ~ [anavarat] adj without ~ (circling or turning) i.e. not rotating, not turning back, not revolving. "anavarat bira maha varat dhara."-paras. 2 Skt 3F1T'td" not covered, uncovered, open. ~ [anavrI:?tr] n absence of rain, drought. 1')fi'ir;ft [anariJ adj who does not know how to feel or;ft (pulse), who is an incompetent physician. 2 Skt })fO-~foolish,unintelligent. "asat anari kade na bujh."-gau m 3. })jfo [anr] See ifu". 2 Skt l?fi').if adj other. "anr na upav karha."-asa m 5. 'not to make any deliberate effort.' 3 army. "hau me anr sru larr mar."-bavan. ~ [anrau], ~ [anrar] Skt l?f?iJITtif n inequity, injustice. "ta karie je anrar ko marta."-bher m 5. See l?f?iJITtif. ~ [anrai] See ~. ~ [auras] Skt))jOTljJTFf adv without effort, effortlessly. 2 without)).fltilTFf (hard work).
31-lm
[anrara], ~ [anraro] adjpointed. 2 not different, ordinary. 3 n the crescent moon that has two sharp points on the second day. "bhal brrajat he anraro."-carItr 1. ~ [anr:?t] Skt adj not dear; against desire. 2 n a loss, harm, an evil omen. ~ [anrk] adjnot one; many, several. "anrk bhog brkhra ke kare."-sukhmcmi. 2 Skt ~ n gold. "anrk katak jese bhulpare."-sor ravdas. 3 A ~ travel, journey. 4 an attack, a charge. "karI karI harIo anrk bahu bhati choQ-hr kat-hu nahl."-gau m 5. 'After launching several attacks on lust, I have met with defeat.' l'>Ifocs [anrkat] ~ adv in many ways, of many kinds. "khoj asakha anrkat patha."-dev m 5. 2 n plurality, multiplicity. ~ [anrkdha] adv~ vr in many ways, by several means. ~ [anrkmukhi] adjmulti-faced, having several months. 2 n Sheshnag, a thousandhooded cobra. 3 Shiv, with five-faces. 4 Ravan, ten-headed. 5 Brahma, four-faced. 6 Kartikeya, six-faced. })jfoaddR [anrkragi] n the Creator, who enacts a multifarious play; the universal form. l?ffoar [anrg] adj many. 2 n limbless, Kamdev, god of love, Cupid. "sudar anrg bhau karat phrrat."-sar m 5. })jfOdli3'~ [anrgbhau] many moods. 2 ~ the idea of love, See gtral. ~ [anrcch] adj sans desire. ~ [anrcchrt] Skt ~ adj undesired, unwanted. ~ [anrt], !f&r [anft], ~ [anrtu], ~ [anrty] adj not perpetual; transitory, momentary. "anrt bruhar acar brdhr hinat." -kan m 5. 2 not fixed, unappointed. "anft he."-japu. l:Iff?f'' [anfd] n opposite of fC'fT; praise,
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appreciation. "taj kam krodh anfd nfda."

-asa chJt m 5. 'Forsake lust, rage, praise and vilification.' 2 Skt ~ adj not fit to be
vilified; praiiseworthy. "jo an,fd nfd kan ChOQIO."-gu; m 5. ~ [anm], rf7\'o [anfn] Skt })f<'j(')Jf adj not attached to anyone; worshipping One only. "das anfn mero nIjrup."-sar namdev. See
})fi?).
[amp] n chiefof!fo(anny); commander. [anIbaddh] Skt m~ adj untied, unbound. 2 n a musical instrument without a metallic or fibre strand tied to different tunesetters. ))ffoft..n:r [anImIkh], ffoHl::f [anImekh] Skt ~ adjwithout blinking; staring. 2 n a fish. 3 god; it is mentioned in the Purans like Bhagvat that gods do not blink. ~ [amm;~Q] adj adornment of the army, military decoration. ~ [anIyat] Skt adj unconfirmed, uncertain. 2 ephemeral. 3 transitory. ~ [anIyara] See ~. nd7rnl::f [anIrakh] adjpriceless. 2 which cannot be seen or observed. "anIrakh sab uccro." -brdhdm. ~ [anIrat] Skt ~ n different from truth; falsehood, untruth. ))jf(,)d'iltlo1 [annvacni], ))jf()d'iltlo1G1 [anIrvacniy] Skt 31f.'1cfi!;:f)1 adj inexpressible, bt:yond expression. "lakh-hu anIrvacni Ihu yiHe." -GPs. 2 n God. ~ [anIrukat] Skt~adjwhichcan't be uttered; unspeakable. ))ff()g"tJ [anIruddh] Skt ~ adj who cannot be stopped; unrestrainable. 2 n grandson of Lord Krishan, son of Pradyuman born to Rukmi's daughter, and father of Vajar. Ban's daughter, Ukha, fell in love with Aniruddh and with the help of her shrewd
~tJ
friend Chitarlekha, she brought him to her father's town Shonitpur. When Ban heard of this, he sent many warriors to capture Aniruddh but he killed them all. At last Ban somehow imprisoned Aniruddh. At this Krishan, Balram and Pradyuman went to get him released. A fierce battle took place. Ban was a devotee of Shiv whom he called for help. Shiv and Sakand sided with Ban. Lord Krishan wounded Shiv and Sakand was wounded by Garur and Pradyuman. At last on Shiv's request Krishan released Ban, and Aniruddh along with Usha came to their home at Dvarka. "sag layo anIruddh ko."-krrsdn. See ~. 3 a rope to tie animals with. 4 an emissary, envoy. 5 Shiv. ~ [anII] nair. "anII bera hau kheVI na sakau."-bdsJt namdev. 2 gout, paralysis. 3 See
})j'(')(o)
~}fTd' [amlkumar] n son of the Wind;
Hanuman. 2 Bhimsen. ~ [amlbhuk] Skt n a serpent which lives on air. 2 adjwho consumes air to remain alive. ))jf(,)'ildfd() [amvartm] Skt 31f."Qfcf;=r, adj who does not turn back, impetuous. "anIvartIn nIvaratkE."-carrtr 137. 'pushing back the impetuous ones.' })fO't [ani] n a point, pointed end. 2 army. See l'>ffe. "kE kE bal sDbh ki hani ani."-cJQi I. ~ [anialaJI adj pointed. "ram bhagatI aniale tir."-gdU kdbir. See l'>ffe. ~ ranis] ad} who has no 'tlF.r (master); orphan. 2 chief of the army; commander-inchief. 3 soul separated from its Creator. ))jo1I(!doe ' 'l [anif,'Irvarvadi] Skt 31"11\1'1 {ClI~i. adj atheist. ))f'('fur [anih] Skt adj without desire, uncaring. ~ [anik] Skt n army. 2 a battle, war. 3 a battlefield. ~ [anikni],'~[amkmi] Skt3foftfcl:;rfT
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a blue lotus, lily. 2 an army composed of 2,187 chariots, 2,187 elephants, 6,561 horses and 10,935 foot soldiers. 3 army. "bIcal bIthar Ese bhajgi anikni."-c.3Qi J. lffi'fur [anit] Skt ~ adj not perpetual; for a brief period. 2 injustice. See~. 3 fetched. See ~. 4 some other place. See ~. lffi'i'lfu [anitI] 11 absence of m; injustice. 2 adj~ not always, for a few days. "jalI dhow: bahu dehI anitI."-sukhm;mi. ~ [anite] Skt~ advat some other place. 2 in evil and falsehood. "gavhI gite CitI anite... bIn naVE manI jhuth anite.."-asa am J. 'Reciting hymns, the mind wanders to other places, and is deprived of the Divine.' 3 See
11
characters, making a total of 32 characters. The fifth and sixth characters of each quarterunits are laghu and guru respectively. The seventh character of the fourth quarter-unit must also be laghu. This poetic form is often used in Sanskrit compositions. It is also called a ~alok. In Sanskrit books there are many metres but while counting, only a stanza of 32 words is taken as a ~alok. Example:
~~ Irl ~ "I q ",s~/lCfl,\
~.
[amraI ji] See l?iit wfu. ~ [anil], ~ [anilu] adj white, bright. 2 without form or colour. "adI anilu anadI anahatI."-japu. 3 beyond count i.e. countless, boundless, uncountable. 4 See ~. })fQ [anu] 11 io corn, cereals. "anu dhanu bahuta upjE."-sava m 3. 2 Skt prep when added to words, it carries the sense ofafter, equal, with, each, repeatedly, etc. as in ~(following, succeeding)})fQ'fuo(daily), ~(resembling) etc. 3 See~. ~ [anuar] See ~. ~ [anusaraJ::l] 11 the act of pursuing, conforming. 2 imitation. ))fQF.IlFIO [anu~asan] Skt 11 an order. 2 an advice, a precept. 3 thirteenth chapter of Mahabharat. ))fQRTa' [anusar] Skt adj according to. 2 like, resembling. ~ [anusari] adj following. 2 conforming. })fQlJ3' [anusut] adj diffused, pervasive, See ~. "nIj anusut sabhIn me dekhE."-GPS. ~l.f [anu~tup], ~ [anu~tubh] 11 a varJ::lIk stanza of two lines, each with sixteen characters, that is, four quarter-units of eight
~;:ft
'" -'-guru nanak satotr ratnakar. kijE man na bhulkE, vIdya rup dhanadI ko, dharo prem su~ilta gurumat dharo CIt. l'>fQJi!T(') [anu~than] Skt 11 commencement of work. 2 recitation of magical incantations in accordance with the prescribed procedure. 3 the idea of performing religious deeds. ~ [anu~an] Skt ~ adj not hot; cold. ~ [anusyut] Skt adj sewn, stitched. 2 all. pervasIve. })fQ1fQ [;musvar] Skt 11 a vowel pronounced in conjunction with some nasal symbol like bfdi and tIppi. It nasalizes the vowel as in sat mahat, jatu, tatr etc. ~ [anuhar] See ~ and ~. "karhf knty nar anuhar hoi."-GPS. ~ [anuharaJ::l] Skt 11 copying, imitation. ~ [anuhar] adj similar, equal. "sanmukh devi ke gayo salabh dip anuhar."-c.3Qi J. 211 a form, shape. 3 resemblance. })fQCE [anukat] Skt~ adjunsaid, unspoken. "anukat prabha hE."-japu. ~ [anukaraJ::l] Skt 11 an imitation. 2 an act performed in conformity with another. 3 pursuit ofa law-suit. 4 a word formed with sound as its basis, onomatopoeia as tSl-r,
~ ~~:
tlJnfcHi2R $:
ur.rn,
tiT tiT.
~
[anukul] Skt adjwho helps a drowning
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person like a shore or the bank (kul); a helper. .2 conforming. 3 benefactor. 4 who gives support. ~ [anukulta] n conformity, concord, See
~. ~
[anukula] n a varr;lIk metre also known as m:lktlkamala. It has four lines, each line being organised as: 511,551,111,5,5 with pauses at the fifth character and the sixth character thereafter. Example: :;;ri guru sevo, janam sudharo, kamaru h:lmE, man nalu dharo, alas t'lago, knat kamao, -var asa. hVE upkari, jag sukh pao. manas janam amol hE, hOI amol sadhusag pae. l'>IQi5l'trr [anuk~ipa] Skt ~ n the act oftrem-BG bling on account of another's distress; pity, ~ [anugya] Skt~n an order, a command. kindness. "mujh par nlj anukapa dharhu." 2 a figure of speech involving a description -NP. of one finding virtue in a matter popularly considered bad. ~or [anukapma] adj abode of kindness; compassion, beneficence. "sun :;;r:lnan bEna Example: anukapma bani bhani rasal."-NP. bhali suhavi chapri jamhI gun gae, ... ~ [anukt] See })f'QiE. anadu garibi sadh sagI jltu prabhu CIt ae, . pisanu piSI oqln kamri sukh manu satokhae, . ~ [anuktnlmltta] See ~~. (c) ~ [anukram] Skt n succession, order. nagan phIrat ragI ek k ohu sobha pae. ~ [anukramr:lIka] Skt n a serial list -suhi m 5. or table of contents, index. jetak kanan ke dukh hE, ))fQl:i'or [anukhag] Skt ))fQHor n compassion, sabh se sukh kE tan pE anumano.-ramav. beneficence. 2 connection, bond. 3 the process bhai laddhe kah'lo suno premi mere gurubhai! of bringing words from one line to another as kal ham ramdaspuri vlkhe javege, in Guru Amardas's compositions in order to kala mukh kaTIcE sayar hOI gadhe par, complete the sense. "cahu jug mahI amrItu satta balvaq ko gunah bax$avege. saci ba!)i, sIdh sadhlk tars-hI sabh 10I; purE ))fQOJU [anugrah], fQ'CJ]'fu [anugrahI], 'fQd.@' bhagI parapatI hOI."-dhana m 3. Here the [anugrahu] Skt ~ n kindness, mercy. "bharo word amrIt of the first line has to be brought anugrahu prasadr sata!) k."-sor m 5. into the third line too, in order to complete })fQW [anucar] Skt n a follower. 2 a servant, the meaning of that line. This is anu:;;ag. an attendant. })fQOT [anug] Skt adj'fQ (behind) or (moving), ~ [anucdr!)i] n an army, that has a follower. 2 a servant, footman, dep,endent. collection of servants.-sanama. 2 adj "anug apne ko abhEdan dati."-chakke. following one's commander.
[anugani] Skt army, which is composed of followers and servants.-sanama. ))fQarrHt [anugami] Skt 311,"llTfli;:r, a follower. 2 an employee, a servant, slave. ~ [anugu!)] a figure of speech in which the company enhances the merit of the companion. Example: sadho! Ih man gahlo na jai, cacaX trIsna sag basat hE, 'late tlur nil rahai.-gau m 9. baIIhari guru ap!)e dluhari sadvar, jlnI maJt:las te devte kie karat na lagi var.
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~ [anuclt] Skt adjimproper, unbecoming.
[anuj] Skt n younger brother. "jivat anuj nam tlh lalu."-NP. 2 born later. "rahu anuj adI pad dijE." 'wood got from a tree, and a gun or musket made from it.' l)f'Q"W [anuja] Skt n younger sister, born later. l1I{f'3lf [anuttam] Skt adj not good. 2 having none better than itself, the best. ~ [anudatt] Skt~ adj l'>fO-~inferior, of no consequence, worthless. 2 low tone, abated voice. ~ [anudln] Skt adv each day, daily, always. 16 i'lifHa [anunaslk] Skt adj nasal sounds D, ]1,1)., n,m. ~ [anunad] Skt n an echo, a resonance, reverberation. ~ [anupasthrtI] Skt n absence. ~ [anup pattI] Skt n tactlessness, irrationality, deviousness. 2 impropriety. 3 inability. 4 non-achievement. ))f'Q1m [anupam] Skt adj matchless, incomparable. ~ [anuplabadhI] Skt 3T1,~ n nonachievement, non-attainment. 2 knowledge of non-existence, for example, to know that a horse is not an elephant, is in fact nonknowing. ~ [anupan] Skt n something gulped to take medicine, as water with a tablet. 2 water, etc. taken after food. ~ [anupar] short form for fQ1-IH. IQ~ [anupari] adj possessing matchless beauty. bfQ1f'J1 [anupras] a figure of speech, drawing its chann from the sameness ofsound in words, is called alliteration or assonance. This is also called padmEtri and vara1). mEtri. Scholar have recognized five types ofanupras: chek, vrrttr, ~rutr, lat and aty.
l)fQH
(a) When a sound repeatedly appears in the middle or beginning of words, it is called chekanupras. Examples: gavE ko vldya vlkham vicaru.-jCJpu. kUCIl karupI kunarr kulakhni prrka sahaju na janla.-sar ill 1. chatrdhari chatripatr chElrup chltrnath, chonikar chayabar chatripatI gaiE.-gyan. parampurakh parmesur svami pavan paun ahari-hazare 10. chalrupi chEli sada chaki rahrt chltI mahr achal chalat chltI patIn ko chali km te jahf ? -CCJrltr 70. (b) If the same sound appears repeatedly at the end of words in the same line or stanza, it is called vrrtyanupras: Example: darsan parsan sarsan harsan ragI ragi kartari re.-asa ill 5. namu dhlai sada sakhai sahaj subhai govfda, gd1).It mltai cuki dhai kade na vlapE mancfda. -asa chat ill 5. nam kam blhin pekhat dham hu nahr jahr. -japU. kahu devtan ke dIvan me vrrajman, kahu danvan ko gumanmatI det ho.-CJkal. kahu ko tanEya hE na mEya jake bhEya kou, choni hu ke chEya choQ kas6 pritI laiE.-gyan. (c) Sounds articulated at the same place (dental, labial part of body) appearing in the same line constitute ~rutyanupras. Example: trthE ghariE sura srdha ki sudhr.-jCJpu. In this line t, th, s, dh, are all dental. (d) The same words carrying different meanings according to their position in a line they figure in, form latanupras. Example: gavE ko tal)u hOVE kISE tal)u.-jCJpu.
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(5) InsamvIkhmaty anupras, the first line The meaning of this verse depends on rhymes with the second and the third with the where the pausI;: is placed in the text, that is, fourth. whether the pause precedes the :first taJ)U or Example: follows it. In the sentence "jao mat thahrro gun gan udar, Iha." the sense conveyed depends Ulpon whether the pause is after jao or after melt. In mahIma apar, the :first case it will be 'go, do not stop here' asan abhag, but in the second case it will be 'do not go, upma cmag.-japu. stop here.' (6) Where the last words of all the lines (e) The :fifth type of anupras is what rhyme are of different quantities, and none of them is in English. Here it is named atyanupras. rhymes, it is bhfntukaty anupras. Poets have imagined six forms of this rhyme. Example: (1) In sarvaty cmupras the last syllablle of kItO kal bityo bhae ramraja, each line rhylm:s. sabE ~atru jite maha juddhmali, Example: phrryo chakr carD dI~a maddh rama, amIt tej jag jotI prakasi, bhayo nam tate maha cakrvarti. adI ached abhE aVInasi, -ramav. param tatt parmarth vIkasi, ~ [anubadh] Ski ~ n relation, connection, adI sarup akhaQ udasi-gyan. contact, affinity..2 the contents of the texts (2) samaty vIkhmaty anupms is where which relate to the reader as title, subject, odd and even lines rhyme: relation and purpose. "Im carD anubadh ko Example: gyan rIde jab ho]c."-GPs. gUl). mud magal mul, ~ [anubhav] Skt n knowledge evolved sabh karay ko sIdh karat; without formal instruction or education. avgul). gaho na bhul, 2 cognizable knowledge. 3 knowledge not sukh sapatI ko jo harat. indefinite. 4 a four-lined gal).Ik metre also (3) In samaty anupras, even lines rhyme known as akra, al).1<a, anhad, ~a~Ivadna, c;'}Qrdsa but not the odd ones. and madhur-dhun:r. It is arranged as III, ISS. Example: Example: :rdran fdr, anhCld bajje, dhUnT ghan lajje, balan bal, ghal).hal). ghor~l, jal).u bal). mora.-surCJj. rakan rak, ~ [anubhav] Skt n an effect. 2 a brief kalan kal.-japu. revelation of pleasure through the gestures of (4) In VIkharnaty anupras, odd lines rhyme eyes and eyebrows. but not the even ones. ~ [anubhut] Skt adj felt; known through Example: practical experience. 2 tested. 3 known. salahi salahI, })f'Q'Hf3" [anumatI] Skt n an agreement, a coneti suratI na paia, sensus. 2 a permission. 3 according to Vishnu nadia atE Yah, Puran, daughter of Angira and wife of the moon. pavlu samOdI na jal).iahI.-japu.
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[;:muman] SkI n an estimate, a conjecture, ~ [ariuvadi] in music, a note that iterates guess, speculation. 2 See ~. the savadi note, as the fifth one in bilaval ~ [;:mumodan] SkI n a confirmation, an measure. See~. 2 adjwho repeats another's approval. 2 expression of satisfaction or utterance. delight. 3 indulgence. "anumodan nadan mat l'>fQ(5T [anutha] adj strange; of a new kind; karE."-GPS. wonderful. ~ [anumatI] SkI ~ adj expressing l'>fQw [anu<;lha] SkI n a maiden; a virgin; a approval or agreement. woman who has not been married yet. ~ [anuyai], ~ [anuyayi] SkI ~ l'lfQ'lf [anup] SkI n a region with a lot of water. adj who follow. 2 servant, attendant. 2 a buffalo. 3 adj unequalled, incomparable, ~ [anurakat] SkI ~ adj immersed in inimitable. "tIthE gharatI ghariE bahutu love; enamoured. 2 dyed in red colour. ;mupu."-japu. 3 beloved. l'lfQ'lf ~ [anup ~ahar] a sub-divisional town in district Bulandshahar of the United ~ [anurau] love. See~. 2 SkI ~ n resonance, a reverberation, an echo. Provinces, 25 miles east of the city. It was founded by Raja Anup Rai during the reign ~ [anurag] Skt n love. affection, attachment. 2 reciprocated love. of emperor Jahangir. Guru Har Rai's fatherin-law, Daya Ram, was a resident of Anup ~ [anuragi] SkI 311,-mn-rr, adj who loves. Shahar. 2 a reciprocator of love. l'>fQtr 'i'RJTH ~ [anup naraj chad] n a poetic ~ [anuradha] SkI n seventeenth of the metre not different from naraj chad because twenty seven lunar mansions. According to this metre has sixteen characters per line Hinduism, travelling or doing charitable deeds orgnaised as 151, 515,151, SIS, 151, 5, in laghu and in this period is auspicious. guru order. In Dasam Granth the term anup ~ [anuru] Skl})fQ2 n charioteer of the sun has been added because of this affiliation. who has no thighs (ur). See~. Example: ~ [anurup] SkI adj resembling, like, congruous. 2 suitable, appropriate. See ~. gaja gaje haya hale halahali halohala, babajj sfdhre sura chutat bal) kevla, ~ [anurodh] SkI n an obstruction, an papakk pakkhre ture bhabhakk ghay mrmala, impediment. 2 obduracy. 3 impulse, impetils. palutth lutth bItthuri amatth jutth utthala. ~}f [anulom] SkI n descent. 2 See ~ -ramav. ~. ~ [anulomaj] SkI See ~ ~. ~ [anupam] See l?fOi-Pf. l'>fQl..f'iil' [anupach] adj ~trH-~, matchless ~ [anuvak] SkI n part of a book, a section, eyes. "sohat anupach."-kalki. a chapter. 2 a sentence formed to express the idea of another. 3 repetition of words uttered ~ [anupan] See fQl-fT?i. by the teacher. "pa<;lhE anuvak jEse padha so ~ [anupIa] adj unequalled, having matchless excellence. "cakrpal)I darasI pa<;lhavai."-NP anupIa."-maru solhe m 5. ~ [anuvad] SkI n translation. 2 a revision, repetition, an iteration. 3 denigration, >nQY [anupu] See fQtI'. ~ [anupera] adj possessing matchless vilification.
~
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excellence. "rag ;mupen:."-kan m 5. ~ [anuperE] See ~. l?fQ1f [anuru] See iQ2. ~ lanes] adj rolor-m army commander. "race car anesa."-d'kji 2. 'appointed four army commanders. ' ~ [aneh] adj without affection, indifferent.
Skt~.
[aneha] adj similar to this. 2 Dg n time, occasIOn. ~ [anek] Skt adj not one, more than one, many, several. "anek upav kari gur karaDI." -suhi CI m 4. ~ [anekta] Skt n plurality, multiplicity, variety, abundance. -nmcrer [anekda] Skt adv many times, often. "anekda nIvavat hE SIS kO."-Clkal. nffiolqr [anekdha] Skt adv in many ways, by various means. ~ [anekap] See Jo)f('i01tf. ~ ~ [anek vakra] See cp:rnr. -nm::r [anet], nffi'3T [aneta] See ~. 2: Skt 31f.n:rd adjwithout certainty. "bahu bIdhI joni phIrat aneta."--maru m 5. 3 irresolutely. "jo krchu kino sou aneta."-sukhmClni. 4 See
~.
nffiw [anera] n darkness, confusion. "dujEbhaI

anera."-majh am 3. our ( ethics), absence ofvirtue. ~ lanEs], ~FJT [anEsa] adj painful. "chatri kharges hVE anESO bol h5 sah6."-krrsCln. 2 ))fc'iTtiJlFf without effort. "par bhai pat phar anEse. "-cJc;fi I. ~ [anEky] Skt n absence of unity, disunity, discord. ~ [anokha] See nr<!cfr. ~ [amcrt] adj improper, inappropriate, inept. "vak anocIt mEju bakhane."-NP nffitr [anoj] adj without fu:r (strength); weak. "jiv anoj jaI jIh jai."-NP 2 See fQN.
~ [anE] lack of
[anopam], ~ [anopIm] Skt })fQlIH adj unequalled. "parmadI purakh manop Ima."-guf jE:dev. 'param adI purkha anopma.' l'>f7fur [;mag] Skt 3R~ n one who does not have a body, Kamdev (Cupid). There is a story in the Pural)s that once Shiv was troubled by lust (kam), and in anger Mahadev burnt him to ashes. 2 adj bodiless. "ag te hOI anag kIn?" -ramav. 'Why not one to give up the body?' 3 ~ free from pride of the body. "dhanukh dharyo IE bhavan me raja janak anag." -ramcadrrka. 4 n the sky. 5 mind. 6 soul. ~ [anag$ekhar] n a van::uk metre also known as mahanarac. It comprises four lines and each line has thirty two characters, in laghu and guru order, with pauses after every eight characters organised as 151, SIS, 151, SIS, 151, SIS, 151, SIS, 151, SIS,I, S. Example: guru gobfd sfgh ko namo su hath jorkE kU$tru tej tor jiihI palIo hfdan ko, knpalu sis hath dE su kit te bye mngedr fdrcap laj pekh nath ki kaman ko, bhuja bhujagraj si vIraj sis ke$ cad $yamta na hoy to mukharbfd san ko, apar dukh tarkIO nIvarkE kale$ das vas to vIkOth tej puno jahan ko. -CldhyatClm ramaYCll) by bhar gulab sIgh. l)fO"(JJtfT1? [anagpalJ See l'>I?f~ and ~. 2 Balram or Balbhadr who brought up Anang (Pradyuman) (Lord Krishan's eldest son). ~ [anagnpu], ~ lanagan] n enemy of Anang (lust); Shiv, Rudar. })fi'faft [anagi] Skt ~ adj without limbs, bodiless. "anagi aname."-japu. 2 n Cupid. 3 formless; the unmanifest Creator. '))fi'j'::r [anat] adj endless, boundless. "Iksu te hOIO anata."-majh CI m 5. 2 n the Creator. 3 the sky. 4 Sheshnag. 5 Balbhadr, regarded
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as the incarnation of Shesh and is therefore -guru nandk sdtotr rdtnakdr. known as anat. "anat ke upar kop calayo." 4 There are also in Guru Granth Sahib -krrSdn. 6 an ornament worn on the arm by unrhymed verses which have no rhymed Hindus on the 14 th of the bright half of the endings: lunar month of Bhadon believing it to be the ruro manu harrrago lorE, image of Sheshnag. gali hdrInihu m hor, ))j(,)dHbf' [anat$in;;a] many-headed Sheshnag. hau c;l.huc;l.hedi ddrsdn kard]).I, bithi bithi pekha, 2 one with a stupendous body, God. ))jl'lddJd~ [anat taragi] the ocean. 2 the Creator gurmrlI bhdrdmu gdvaIa he, whose waves are endless. See ))j(,)d3Jd~. 3 a Ih budhr pai mE sadhu kanhu, man in whose mind countless ideas arise. "anat lekhu lIkhIo dhurI mathE. taragi dukh maIa."-gdu m 4. rh bIdhr namk hdrI nE]). dloi.-to<;ii m 5. ~ [anat tuka] a metre of diverse rhymes; 5 See ~ \:T ~ 2. blank verse. This metre has no specific class, ~30 [dnatdr] Skt ~ adv after this, any composition where end-words of two or subsequently. 2 without break, continuously. more lines do not ryhme forms blank verse, ~ [dnata] vocative: 'he dnat.' "jau pE ham nd pap kdrata, dhe dnata."-sri rdvdas. 2 Skt as for example Ramavatar savEya and bhujag 3FRfT n the endless One! 3 the earth. 4 soft prayat are in blank verse. grass, commonly used as fodder, L panicum Example: dectylon. 5 a medicinal creeper, L ros bharyo taj hO$ nIsacar Manispernum glabrum. 6 the only son of sri raghuraj ko ghar prahare, Kakko Vadhal), Khatri, a disciple of Guru jO$ vac;l.o kar kO$II$a Hargobind, who was a grea.t warrior and died adhbic-hI te sar kat utare, fighting in the battle of Amritsar. pher bac;l.o kar ros dIvardan ~~ [anatastr] innumerable weapons. dharpare kapr puj saghare, "dnatastr chutte."-di<;ii 2. pattrs loh-hathi parsa gar IE rifdT l-f13T [anati mata] daughter of Rama Sill, jabuve jamdarh calavE. a khatri of Vatala in Gurdaspur district and krto kal bityo bhae ramraja. Mata Sukhdevi. She was married to Baba sabE $atru jite maha juddhmali, Guruditta on 21 Vaisakh Sammat 1681. She phrryo cakr caro dI$a maddh rama, gave birth to Baba Dhirmal and Guru Har Rai. bh<lyo nam tate m<lha c<lkrv<lrti. Her shortname was Natti. Many writers have 2 See~. 3 In Sanskrit literature there named her as Nihal Kaur. are many multi-rhymed compositions as rhymed poetry is seldom found there. See the ~ [dnad] Skt ~ n happiness,joy, delight. "mrtIa sog mdha dnad thia."-asa m 5.2 Guru following bhujag prayat and totak stanzas: Amardas's composition in Ramkali measure cgcn-~OO'~~I~~~~I ~rnur~~I~~~~11 which he composed in Sammat 1611 on the '"' , occasion of the birth of Baba Mohri's son. Mohri was the Guru's younger son. 3 Guru 31"l'R~l=ffi'mKfl ~Rm~1 Amar Dev's grandson. He was a man of great ~1jJG:~fcl:Wq&1 m~~ ~II
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spiritual eminence. Guru Hargobind sent a special palanquin to bring him to Kiratpur. That palanquin is now at Goindval. 4 In Sikhism marriage ceremony is also called ;mad. "bIna ;mad bIah ke bhugte par ki jOI ... mera SIkh na SOI."-rC)tcmmal. This batJi is also recited on other auspicious occasions, as it was recited at the birth of Guru Hargobind. "gurubal)i sakhi ;mad gavE."-asa m 5. See ~ 4.5 Skt 3T~ adjwithout happiness. ~ [cmad sIgh] an ardent devote:e of Guru Gobind Singh. He was a great spiritual scholar as well as brave fighter. He attained martyrdom at Chamkaur. nrcfuuro [;madghcm] See ~ uro. lffi'f~ [anadpal] son of Raja Jaipal I of Lahore. He died in or about 1013 AD. Historians have also named him Anangpal. ~-eyQ' [anadpur] See llfTit!YQ'. 2: a village under police station Bassi in tehsJil Sirhind of Patiala state. In a low-lying place in the interior of this village, there is a gurdwara dedicated to Guru Teg Bahadur. Because of its low lying area, rain water accumates here. It gets an annual cash grant ofRs. 70 from the state. Its priest is a baptised Sikh. It is 9 miles northeast of Sirhind railway statiOl~. There is a metalled road 5 miles long upto Bassi; beyond that there is a unmetalled four miles path. Village Kalaur is near by. So the two villages collectively are known as Anandpur Kalaur. ~ ~ [anadpur kabr] See ~r 2. ~ [anadmE] ~ abounding in happiness. "ve parvahu anadmE."-asa m 5. ~ ~ [anad vIah] See ~ 4 and J?fTi'i~ 4. ~ [anadi] Ski ~,adj happy, pleased. "var pan purdkh cmadi."-sri chat m 4. ~ [anadu] See~. "dnadu bhaIa sukhu
paIa."-var maru 2 m 5. It'l?;- [anan] one who does not acknowledge any other person. See)o)f'(')(')jf. "bEsno dnan brdhman saIIgram seva."-BGK. "sIkh dnan paqIt dIkh Ese. grah tIthI var nd janE leEse, ek bharosa prdbhu ka pae, tyag ldgan ardas karae."-GV 6. ~ [ananta] Skt l?fc')(')Jf3T n disbelief in any other relationship; monothism. l'>fi'i'fo [ananI] See l?fi'i'C'M. "hOI ananI ll1anhath ki dnrta."-guj m 5. 'being a monothiest with firmness of mental resolve.' })j(,),fMdl(lJl [dnambhdgduti] adj worshipping only one deity. "koi kahItdu dnanIbhdgduti." -ram C) m 5. 2 );r.~ worship of the only One. ~ [dnabhdu] adjfearless, unafraid. "param dukh nIvar dpar anabhdu."-sc)VE'ye m 5 ke. fQ tanh] Skt 3TI'(l" n a day. ~ [dnhrata] a feeling that it is hight-time during the day. 2 night-blindness, nyctalopia.
See~.
mur
>iIQT [anha] adj blind, without eyesight. f(JW [dnhana], );~ [anhavan] v to bathe, take a bath. "avadh anhae kaha tIlak ldgae kaha."-hasram. ~~ [cmhera] darkness. See ~. >;fo [ann] Skt 3Fl n food, victuals. 2 corn, grains. 3 God whose energy imparts life to the creatures. 4 the sun. 5 breath. 6 eatables. })fi'):iJ' [dny] Skt ad} other, second. 2 stranger, unfamiliar. 3 different, separate, apart. ~ [anyatr] Skt part at another place, elsewhere. ))fi')jJ8T [anyatha] Skt adj opposite, against. 2 false, illusory. ,3: part otherwise, or. ~ [anyau], ))fO"jj'!'fu- [anyaI], ~ [dnyay] Skt 3-RIT<T n injustice, inequity. 2 an unlawful activity, atrocity. ~ [anyayi] Skt ~~, adj who has
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recourse to unlawful activity, commits atrocity, goes against justice. ~ [anyoktI] See ~. ~ [anyony] Skt pron mutual. 2 n a literary fi,gure of speech in which two objects are described as mutually interacting with each other. Example: "kObhe badha jalu rahE, jal bmu kObh na hoI." -var asa. "prabhu te janu janijE jan te suami."-sri ravdas. j('j~('jOiii'ilGi [anyonya$ray] Skt n mutual support; reliance on each other. 2 knowledge of one thing for the sake of another, as knowledge of darkness is essential for understanding light. 3 an inadequacy of conversation, wherein one needs the other for justification. ~ [aurI!).] Skt adjwithout debt, not indebted. ~ [annt] Skt 3P[Cf n lack of fu3' (truth), falsehood. "rar hE annt~."-kalki. 'will speak the untruth.' ~ [anvay] Skt n taking away, carrying. 2 relation, contact, connection. 3 shifting of words for clarifying the meaning, as for example to re-write "bhE bohIth sagar prabhu carI).a."-vaQ chat m 5. as "bhEsagar bohIth prabhu carI).a." or "dIvEya In ke s~g khelat hf' kaVI $yam su dan abhL"-krrsan. as "abhEdan dIvEya In ke s~g khelat hE." and "alekh bhekh dVEkh rekh sekh ko pachanIL" -gyan. Here the initial 'a' is to be carried with all words so as to underline the negative meaning. 4 dynasty, lineage. ~ [anve$a!).] Skt n research, finding, discovery. ~ [anVE] See fQ1if. 'l,m lap] prep prefixed to words, it gives the meaning ofopposite, against, loss, difference, prohibition, or bad etc. See ~ etc.
2 Skt 31'L(n water. "ap tej baI pnthmi akasa." -gau kabir. 3 pron own, personal. "mul na jaI).E ap bal."-var majh m 1. "katI sIlak dukh maIa kan line ap dase."-var jEt. 'enslaved them.' "apatan ka jo kare bicar."-basatravdas. 'he who thinks of his body.' ~ [apa;)] adj dedicated, presented. 2 See
~.
~
[apsakun], 'ItIFIOlO [apsagan], ~ [apsagun] Skt ~o. n an evil portent, inauspicious omen. "tau sagan apsagan kaha bican:."-sukhmani. "sagun apsagun tIS kau lag-hI jISU citI na aVL"-asa m 5. People of many religions in all countries believe in the good and the evil portents, those mentioned in the Hindu Scriptures have thus been listed by Bhai Santokh Singh. Bad omens: pharke bhuja vIlocan vamu, SIr vayas l bEthyO dukhdhamu, nIksatI chik bhai dIS dae.... dhunI khoti te bajat nagara, dal par gidh bhram~ti cale. ka$t bhar agari mIle, dinmane baji rudnavE.... calat akaran gIrgIr parE, kItak bhatan pagia par tarE. $IVa 2 pukarat sanmukh avat, mng ki mal kuphere dhavat. darun kak bolte uq,e, ... samukh vayu mngmal kupheri ... khar bolyo mntsucat bhari .. jat IIye mIrtak sabh dna . Im apsagun vIlokat baq,e. Good omens: pharkyo dahIn vIlocan sOdar, bhujad~q, dahIno bdlm~dar, numal dIvas vayu sukhkari,
crow.
she-jackal.
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mIli dughatdharl sudar nari, mrIganmal dahIn ko ai, madhur vrh;:igan sabad sunai, mIli jO:;>Ita 2 balak god, huti suhagaI).I sahIt pramod. surbhi3 vatas 4 cughavat thaQhi. catat rIdE pritI bahu baQhi, kag dahni dI$I uQ ava, nakuP daras sabhhIn ne pava.-GPs. As for the Sikhs, such is Bhai Gurdas's dictum. sajja khabba SJI). na man vasaIa... bhakh subhakh VICar na ChIk manna ... ~ [apasrnar] SkI fl.I1tH1O. n epilepsy, as a result of which memory gets lost. Seei1-reoft. ~ [apsar] Sk/~. n a wrong time; an in-appropriate or late time. "sal' dpsar na pacaI).Ia."-sri beni. 2 lack of leisure. 3 SkI 311ffi\. running. 4 an aquatic animal. ))f1../ffifI' [apsara] SkI ~ n a female emerging from))fl..f (water). According to Ramayan and the Purans, apsras came out when oceans were churned. The Veds contain little about them. They only mention Urvashi, etc. Manu holds that seven manus created them and they were taken as their joint creation. Vayu Puran has an account of 14 of them and Harivansh 7. They mention their two varieties comprising: ten orthodox and thirty four ordinary ones respectively. With their enticement the apsaras would disturb austerities of many holy men. It is written in Kashi chapter that they are 350,000,000 in number but the more prominent among them are only 1,060. In Ramayan their number is given as 60 crore. Only those warriors are rewarded with apsaras
Iwoman carrying two pitchers of water. 'woman.
3COW.
calf. 5mongoose.
in heaven who die fighting valiantly in wars. 6 Apsaras possess the ability to change their form; they know how to make moves in chess and conduct exorcist exercises. In Athrav Ved; . several incantations are mentioned which can prevent apsaras from exercising their magical effect. "apsara an;:id m;:igal ras gavni niki." -mala partal m 5. ))(l.ffiTO [apsan] SkI >iI4'IfO n using of water to clean sexual organs beforea bath. 2 bath taken after the cremation or burial ofa dead body. >m.nIt! [apsud] SkI ~LJJft! Sund and Upsund. were real brothers and sons of the demon Nikumbh or Nisund. They had Brahma's blessing that no third person could kill them as long as they did not fight with each other. Tilottama the apsara, was sent from heaven to kill them. Both got enamoured of her and quarrelled between themselves. She told that she would marry the one who was more powerful. Both of them died fighting each other, and Tilottama went back to. heaven. "baQhe sud apsud dVE dEt bhari..." "duhu bhrat badhkE trIya gai brahmpur dhaI."-carrtr 116. ~ [apsos] See ~. "adhIk kin apsos ham."-NP 2 drier or sucker of))fl..f (water), the sun. 3 the wind, air. ~ [apsvarath] n selfishness. ~ [apsvarthi] adj selfish. ~ [apharalJ.] n stealth, theft. 2 snatching, plundering. 3 concealment, hiding. ~ [apkarakh] SkI ~ n insult, disrespect. 2 the act of pulling down. .3 deficiency, loss. l)f1rcRJ}f [apkaram], ))f1.fc51T}f [apkam] SkI ~ n a bad or wrong action. 2 sin. ~ [apkar] n opposite of upkar. 2 evil, harm. 3 wickedness, villainy.
"See para:;;"r srmntr. Ch. 3.
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~ [apkari] adj who does wrong; who
~ [apatth] SkI f1.fEIJf n food or conduct that
inflicts harm.
~ [apkiratIl SkI 31~ n infamy,
opprobrium, notoriety. "kab-hu apkiratI mahI aVf.."-sukhillani. ~ [apkhepan] SkI ~ n the act of pulling down; toppling. ~ [apgatI] n going down; a fall, misery. 2 going to hell. 'l)ftfiJIT [apga] n what}o)fl.f (water) merges into; a river, stream. See~. ~ [apear] n an evil or bad behaviour.
~[apehara], ~[apaeehra] See~.
[apaj] SkI n born of water; a lotus. [apjas] or ~ [apjasu] SkI ~ n ignominy, infamy, opprobrium. "apjasu mItE hOVE jagI kiratI."-guj ill 5. l'>flrtIlJ [apjasu] See nn.rr:m. ~ [apI).a]pran own. 2 n a kinsman, relative. ~ [apI).auI).a] v to make one's own, adopt, draw to one's side. ))fl.f3' [apat] adj without honour or respect, disgraced. "apatu pasu manmukhu betala." -illaru solhe ill 1. 2 leafless. "apat karir na mauIiE."-BG 3 See ~. 4 S useless, purposeless. ~ [apatan] See }o)fl.f 3. 2 not in a state of fall, steadiness; firmness. ~ [aptij], ~ [aptiI).a] adj not satisfied or reassured, lacking faith. "aptij patiI).a." -savryeill5 ke. 'was charmed without reposing faith.' "hath nIgrahI aptij na bhijE."-illaru solhe ill 1. 'Faithless mind is obstinate in not stopping to placate the senses.' ~ [apatu] n selfhood, ego, conceit, pride. "kamkrodhlobhmohapatupaedut."-savEye m 3 ke. 2 See l?fl.f3". 3 See ~. ~ [apaty] SkI n an offspring, a progeny. })fl..fEf [apath] n a wrong path, an evil passage. 2 awkward gait.
l)fl..fil
})f1.fi1"J1
aggravates sickness. 2 harmful conduct, misconduct. l')flR [apad] n calamity, distress. 2 })f-l.fe", reptiles like snakes etc. which crawl. 3 a condemned place. l')f1.ft!T [apda] calamity. See }){ll.RT. "apda ka marIa grIh te nasta."-prabha a ill 5. nn.rlf'Q't [apdhari] n maternal affection, motherly tenderness. "bInsi apdhari."-brla ill 5. l')ftfi') [apan] See fT'lI'<!T. "sabh kine basI apan hi."-guj ill 5. ~ [apnIa] owned, adopted. "kina apnaIa."-brla ill 5. ~ [apanp:>] n one's self. "pragat na hot apanp:> goi."-NP 2 owning, possessing. 3 he who blesses; one who utters a blessing. l')ftfi')T [apna] See fT'lI'<!T. ~ [apnauna] See ~. ~ [apnaIo] See ~ . 2 of the adopted. "rakh laj apnaIO."-toc;ii ill 5. 3 one's own reality. "nahI bujhIO apnaIo."-toc;ii ill 5. ~ [apnaIa] adv made one's own. nn.r'i'i'lft [apnai] n one's own existence. 2 familiarity. 3 made one's own, adopted. "dhanu dharti aru sapatI sagri jo manIO apnai."-sar ill 9. l1{l.f(')TQ [apnakl having made one's own. "rakh lehu apan apnak."-kan ill 4. l?flRIT [apni] pran one's own. 2 SkI ~ n a shop, store. "apni apni pahueyo jaI."-GPs. 'reached his own shop.' 3 SkI }o)fl.f-01 to take far away. 4 to steal, to plunder. ~ [apnidhe] belonging to one's own. 2 presuming one's own. "tum pEj rakh-hu apnidhe."-bas~t ill 4. ~ [apnhutI] SkI ~ n hypocrisy, concealment. 2 an excuse. 3 a figure of speech in
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cowardly soldier responds to this by hiding which the natural object is kept in the background and truth is established; through the truth. analogy the thing to be compared is made to ~ [apbal] See ftf 3. 2 n weakness. "bal apbal apno na bIcara."-carrtr 405. look as if it were the original thing. Example: ~F.I" [apbhra~] Skt n fall, falling down. 2 a deformed word with a change in form as ghan ki na garaj hE sIghnad sfghan ko, from ORJ}-f, IDr from tJOH and m-r from I:RI}f, etc. capla ki camak, na aSI da~me~ ko. By concealing the roar of the cloud and the })ftf}fT('j" [apman] n egoism, selfishness. "kInhu flash ofthe lightning, the heroism of the Sikhs pritI lai moh apman. "-asa m 4. 2 Skt and the wonder ofthe Guru's sword are shown disrespect, insult, contempt. as the essential truth. Poets have illustrated ~ [apmani] adjwho has given up the ego; several other functions of this device. humble, without pride. "bES kIsor bIkhE (b) Concealiing the actual subject some apmani."-NP how or under some pretext is kEtvapanhutI. ~ [apmntyu] Skt ~ n unnatural or Example: uncommon death as by snake bite, hanging or lightning etc. 2 untimely death. See ~. "kalgidhar ke bal) mIS kalbyal Q.aslet." (c) Tactfully replacing one thing with ))fl.ftiI" [apay], ~. [apyau] See !flr". another is called hetvapanhutI. l')ftfliI"F.f [ap ya~] See fl.ItIH. Example: ~ [apyat] adj drank. 2 (they) drink. ami nahi surlok me amnt gurugh~n' mahI, })f1.Rf [apar] adj first. 2 later. 3 another, other. 4 different, separate. 5l'>ltRf has also appeared jIh pivat hi martya sabh turat arnar hVEj~ihI. in place of})fl.fl'ij" as in "samajh TId parE apar (d) Rejecting the nature of something and reposing its quality in something else is called maIa."-sor ravrdas. paryastapanhutI. ~ [aparapar] See ~. "so bEsno hE Example: aparapar."-gau m 5. cadan cadu na saI'ad rutI mulI na rnItai gham, ))ftIQFI' [aparas] n one who has taken a vow not sitalu thivE nanka japadro hannam.-var jEt. to touch metals etc. "sompak aparas udIani."-bavan. 2 one who keep himself Here, the poise of the Divine is reiterated by untouched by perversions; one who doesnt concealing the coolness of cadan and such have recourse to evil deeds. "nanak kotI objects. (e) In the event of someone's genuine madhe ko Esa aparas."-sukhmani. 3 Skt ~ doubt, replacing the fact with a false answer adj untouchable. })f1.Rf 'fffior [apar sajog], l'>ltRf Ritor [apar sayog] gives rise to chekapanhutI. n second marriage. "jIS Istri ka bharta kalbas Example: yodha ke nahI mE pIkhyo kabhi pith pE ghau, hOIa hOI, cahie uske pIcche jat sat sil pale, kIte vall CItt Q.ulavE nahi, j:J jane kISi upau katyo ag Ikk sIla te phISal gayo mam pau. rahIt kar rahI nahi sakti, tab jari cori na kare, Seeing a wound inflicted on the back of a apl)i Ink dekhkE apar sajog kare."-prem soldier, if someone asks him the reasons with the remark that a valiant person sustains sumarag. wound in the front not at the back, the ~ [aparca] See ~.
em
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unacquaintance. l'>fl.l"fafu3' [aparrcrt] Skt adj unacquainted, unfamiliar. ~ [aprok~], n.Ricr [aparokh] Skt adj not ~. ~ [aparpar], l?itRfl.ffiT [aparpara], fl..RJl.@' away from sight; manifest, present, apparent, [aparparu] See ~. "ehu p5j vakhat tere visible. aparpara."-maru solhe m 5. "aparparu manr ~ [apar5par], ~ [apar5paru], ~ gursabadu vasarau."-s~wyem 4 ke. [aparapar] Skt ~ adj not mutual or })IlN 1ftI:H [apar brahm] n immanent God, the reciprocal, not wishing or desiring help from Deity together with all the properties of anyone. 2 without Iineage or dynasty; who has no need of another's help in creation or nature. 2 the individual soul. ~ [aparma] Skt l?il;fW n untrue perception, perpetuation of dynasty. "aparapar false knowledge, wrong understanding. See parbrahamu parmesaru."-sor m 5. "til adrpurakh aparapar karta ji."-sopurakhu. 1jW. "trrputi me lakh ap ko kahe aparma gyan."-GPs. 3 Skt limitless, boundless. ~ [apvarag] Skt ~ n a high post or })f't.faT [apra] n worldly wisdom; other than position. 2 liberation, emancipation. "gahak divine knowledge; practically useful je apvarag ke."-NP. knowledge. "(f?lTG'U ~ ~~ ~ <:p:jT CR~."-mu;ikopanI$ad. See ~ [apvad] Skt n indecent language, foul talk. 2 censure. 3 opposition. "pardhan par tRJT. 2 western direction. apvad narr nfda."-sri mukhvak savye m 5. ~ [aprajrt] adj undefeated, uncon4 rejection, negation. 5 a perverse argument, quered. 2 n Guru Gobind Singh. useless controversy. ~ [aprajrta] feminine of ~ ~ [apvadi] Skt ~, adjwho slanders. "aprajrta bhagvati bhima."-GPs. l?fl.RJi3' [aprat] See ~l.Rf3'. 2 Skt ~ n a 2 quarrelsome. 3 foul-tongued. "maha country north ofKonkan, of which the capital brkhadi dusat apvadi."-asa m 5. used to be Sopar, which is now a town in police ~ [apvIt], ~ [apvrtu], ~ [apvrtr] adj impure, unclean, profane. "sat station Thana of Bombay Presidency. ka dokhi sada apvrtu."-sukhmani. "apvrtr l'>Il.I"tr [apradh] Skt n a sin, fault, an offence, pavItr jInI tu karra."-ram Cl m 5. crime. 2 a mistake, blunder. 3 disobedience, ~ [apvrtrta] n profanity, squalor. "dukh disrespect. })ft.Rf'tft [apradhi] adj who commits a crime, darrd apvrtrata nas-hr nam adhar."-gau thIti m 5. sin or does something wrong. "apradhi ~ [apvit] See~. "nave chIdr apvit." matrhin nrrgun."-asa chat m 5. ~ [aprro], ~ [aprra] v reached, -gau thIti m 5. ~ [aparna] v to reach. "trthe kal na apr." arrived. Ilffuo.ru [aparr grah] Skt n the act of not hold ing; -sri a m 5. 2 to be equal, be similar. "aparI kOI na sakai pure satIgur ki vaQIaia."-var giving up, relinquishing, forsaking. sar m 4. 2 asceticism. 3 non-acceptance of charity. ~ [aparrcay] Skt nunfamiliarity, ~ [aprauI).a] v to deliver. "Iakh caurasi
l')ftffitf
[aparath] See~. ))f1.ffiOT [apama] v to reach, arrive. 2 to be equal to. "takau koi apar na sak."-kalI m 4. 3 See
+:
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rljak apI aprae."-majh am 3. })f1.frfu [apaI] Skt ))flf11if n a difference, peculiarity. 2 destruction. 3 depravity. 4 See ~. 5 Skt rL:tor adj unfit for drinking. 6 not drunk, did not drink. "jo ham te bhaj jaI, tlh mata dudh apaI."-krIsan. 'didn't suckle inother's milk.' ~ [apaIlJ], ~ [apaII).o] n selfhood, one's own personality. "mE chac;lIa sagal apaIl).o."-var maru 2 m 5. ~ [apah] adj without benng effected. 2 detached, unattached. 3 n pride, conceit, egoism. ))ftfl(JN [apahaj] Pkt~ adjcrippled, disabled, limbless, incapacitated. ))f1.fTfu [apahI] See ftp(J 2. "maI).Iku mohI mau c;lfna dhaI).i apahI."-var maru 2 m 5. })ft.[Tfu;::r [apah r j] See })ftfI(Jff. ~ [apahu] unengrossed, unsu Ilied. See fl.I'(J. "ape apI apahu."-sor m 4. ~ [apak] adj (that) which is not pious; unholy, polluted, profane.' 2 Skt n rawness, unripeness. 2. indigestion, dyspepsia. 4 wise, intelligent. 5 knowledgeable, well-informed. "~: t[]Cfl:, crl~Fr: 11m:" 'Pious is he who is foolish, unholy is he who is not pious.' "tum ape apI apaki."-dh<ma m 4. l'>IU'Oft [apaki] n unholiness, profanity. 2 See
~4-5.
~ [apatr] ad} sans l.P3"(sub-caste); who does
[apagrah], ~ [apagrahI] flf-fTOj(J n false persistense, unwise obduracy, mulishness, obstinacy. f1J1tft [apaji] not l./'tft See l./'tft. 2 not artificial or bogus; real, genuine. "paji ko apaji lakh til sovIrmayohE."-NP 'taking the false as real.' })ftfT5" [apajh] See })ftfI(Jff. rtl'3' [apat] adj without leaves. "apata palasi mano phul lage."-GPs. 2 without a fall or decline; infallible, imperishable. "namast5 ajate, namasta apate."-japu.
not belong to any sub-caste or class; classless. "patI mE naavE so apatI kE bulaiE."-gyan. ~ [apatr] ad; unentitled, unofficial. l')ftITEI" [apath] ad/wrong way, false track. 2 dry. "sakuce dal kaj apatha."-GPs. ~ [apadan] Skt n a division, variety. 2 in syntax, ablative case is marked by ~ or H postpositions. f1lTO [apan] Skt n one of the five vital airs which passes through the anus, See)o)f1..JT('j" '8'1'fu. 2 anus. 3 selfhood, self. "bIsra apan tan." -NP ~ [apanbaI] Skt~ wind that stays in the alimentary canal, vagina, testicle bag, urinary bladder, phallus, etc. It is because of its pressure that the excretary system of the body works and the birth ofan offspring takes place. When this wind is adversely affected by phlegm, catarrh, rheumatism, etc., the excreta.ry system ofthe body cannot function properly, and lit becomes stiff and the back begins to ache: and ills such as piles, stone gall-bladder come to afflict the body. To keep flatulency in good order, regular walk, horse riding, light food and keeping the alimentary canal clean are the best ways. A powdered mixture of white trIvi and sugar, four tolas each and piper longum one tola, taken daily in doses ofhalfa tola each with honey removes the disorder of wind. "praI).baI apanbaI bhan."-carItr 405. ~. [apana] n self, idea of selfhood. "bIsra sabhIn Clpana."-NP ))fl.fTt( [apap], })jfl.lll.IT [apapi] adj free from sin, sinless. "apapi e apradh bIn $irxor guru bal." -PPP }){1.flQ [apar] adj endless, boundless, unlimited. "apar agam gobfd thakur."-asa chat m 5. 2 unfathomable, limitless. 3 abundant,
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excessive. 4 countless, innumerable. 5 n God. "payau apar."-saveye m 4 ke. 6 near side bank, this side. "ape sagar bohrtha, ape par apar."-sri a m 1. 7 Skl})fl1../'lO limit or extent. "janE ko tera apar nrrbhau nrrakar."-saveye m 4 ke. ))fl.p'ij(Jf [aparag] adj not going across, unable to go across. ~ [aparagr] fl..I"'aOI:i ignorant of the other side; ignorant of knowing the end. "man bachat phal pae sagle kudratr kim aparagr." -suhi cMt m 5. 'Ofthe extent of the Creator's greatness, man is ignorant.' ~ [aparaI).] adjwithout-qr(OT(ending). "mere suami agam aparI).a."-maru solhe m 5. l)ftfT6"ff [aparath] Skl})ftPCf n a defect in poetics due to which the sublime meaning of a poem is missed. "punaruktr aparath ki samajh na avai."-NP. 2 adj meaningless, without meaning. ~ [aparbhaul, ~ [aparbhav] adj the tenor or meaning of which is endless. "bhakhra bhau Clparu."-japu. ~ [aparla] adj who has no end. "atrbhuj bhClro Clparla."-mala namdev. >'>IW2 [Clparu] See l')f1..fTO. 2 ~, near side bank. "parr sajClnu Clparu pritClmu gursClbCld suratr laghvae."-tuklla chat m 1. ))fl.II'l? [Clpal] SkI ))fl.JT(?il' adj not nurturable; whom none can bring up. "Clpal hClri."-akal. 2 ~ has also been used as l')f1..fTO in "buddha apal."-akal. 'unnurturable wisdom.' ~ [apavan] adj not ~, not sacred, unholy. ))ffu [Clpr] SkI part also, certainly. ~ [apro], ~ [apro] n nectar, ambrosia; not meant to be drunk by the common people. "apru harrras pitra."-vac;f ghoria m 4. 2 sap of God's name. "Clpro pro gClt thio bhClrma." -jet m 5.
~ [aprau], ~ [Clprav] Skl)o)fl..fjjl1j[ n
light or soft food. "mukh Clprau bEth kau dm."-sukhmanI. 2 meal, victuals. "det sClgClI Clprau."-sar m 1. "kag sadhusClbha rahyo nrrahar muktahClI Clprav kE."-GPS. ~ [Clpir] n lack of pain; comfort. "ghar ki bujhE pir Clpir m."-NP. 2 adj painless. ~ [apil] E appeal. n a request, an appeal. 2 the act of approaching a senior officer for changing the order of a junior. ~ [apilat] E appellant n the person lodging the appeal. })f1.ft;r tapir] n absence of pain; comfort. 2 SkI ~ pressure. "Clpir pirrta dukha."-ramav. ~ [apu] See 1?ft.f. l')f1JRC [ClpUSClt] adjlean, thin, weak. 2 reversed, upside down, against, contrary. "apusat bat te bhai sidhri."-asa m 5. })flfS [Clpuch] adj without a tail; tailless. 2 without asking; unasked for. 3 without question, unquestioned. ~ [apuchra] adj without asking for. "Clpuchra dan devka."-var sri m 4. ~or [aputha], ~o't [Clputhi] adj reversed, opposite, See~. l?fY3r [Clputtal, ~ [aputr] adjwithout a son, without an offspring; childless, See rtI3'. ))fy7iT [apuna] See P-fi'iT. "apune ramhr bhaju re manu."-g5c;f namdev. l?Il;fS' [Clpucha] advwithout asking for, without question. 2 doubtlessly, without doubt. "des mere beat apuche. "-bher m 5. l'>flJH.iI' [ClpUjy] adj not to be worshipped, unadorable. ~ [aputha] adj reversed, upside down, overturned. "sidha chodr aputha bun-na." -gaum 5. ntlJ3' [aput] adjwithout a son, childless. 2 SkI defiled. ~ [ClpUp] SkI n fried bread, a kind offritter.
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ap;:)cikrrt yut karay."-GPs. 2 wheat. 3 fried cake of sweetened butter. Skt ~ adj incomplete, not nn..ffu3" [ap;:)qrt] adj not a scholar; illiterate, foolish. whole, unfinished. ~ [apurabJ, ~ [apurav] Skt ~f adj ~'Ef [ap;:)th] adj wrong path, fake course. 2 n a tantrik mode of worship. 3 atheism. "ap;:)th novel, hitherto unknown, uncommon, curious, p;:)th sabh logan laya."-arhJt. a strange. "apurab j;:)j1 bal).ai."-sLihi chJt m 4. 2 a gal). metre of four lines, each line being nftr [app] n pride of self, ego. 2 Skt l?flf fear, dread. 3 a disease. 4 Skt l?fliT the air. "bhayo organised as SIS, 551. app bhes;:)."-kalki. 'took the form of air'. Example: kan-n;:) ge ram, dharm karm;:) dham, ~ [apyau] adopted; made one's own, lacchnE IE s;:ig, janki sobh;:)g.-ramav. occupied. 2 SeeiLt "harr ka nam akhE11rdhr (b) Another form ofthis metre has four lines apyau."-savEye m 4 ke. organized as ISS, 5. l'>fl:fJJ3'lpfw [aprastut pra$asa] n a literary figure of-speech meant as praise which is out of Example: gal).e kete, hal).e jete, kai mare, kIte hare. context. --Tamav. Example: khal $er ki oqh kar gadha na karr SIr bhaj. ~ [apuravta] Skt ~ n novelty, strangeness, singularity, peculiarity. 'By regarding some cowardly person as a tiger ~ [apek$a], l'}fL"'"rf1:I>w [apekhIaJ, ~ [apecha], the former is admired'. ~ [apechJ:a] Skt 3TG"ii-TT n desire, want. rajhas bIn ko karE chir nir ko dor.-vrfd. 2 need, necessity. 3 basis, support. 'An ignorant judge is praised by calling him 4 comparison, balance. a swan.' rlttif [apey] adjundrinkable. 2 n wine, liquor. ~ [apragyat] Skt ~ adj not known, 3 hemp. 4 poppy husk. unknown. 2 n a state of meditation in which ~ lapel] adjimpenetrable, stagnant, steady. the worshipper forgets his difference from the 2 irremovable. 3; intransgressible. worshipped. rtt [apE] Skt fl..fJlOf n accord, union. "nam nay fl{fdH [apratrm] Skt adjunmatched, peerless, "apratrm rup bIdhI nE dayo."-carrtr 156. mdhr apE."-S,wEye m 4 ke. 2 See rfl.~" f1;ffuJ-ro [apratIman] Skt adj unparalleled, ~ [apodghat] See ~. ri:r~ [apJrkhey] Skt~ adjnot existing unmatched, matchless. because of man, not man-made; formed by ~ [apradharakh] Skt ~ adjwho cannot be threatened, who cannot be brought under God. ~dT [ap;:)g] adj free from dust; clean, clear, pressure. 2 invincible, unconquerable. stainless. "skat nir ap;:)g."-GPs. 2 faultless, ~ [apraman] Skt adjunmatched, matchless, stainless. "ap;:)g p;:)ge."-ramav. 3 Skt ~. peerless. 2 beyond measuring and weighing. without a limb, crippled. 4 with crooked 3 without proof. limbs. f1JHTe" [apramad] Skt adj unerring, guiltless. ~ [ap;:)cikrrt] Skt 3{qSC-q~I'td n elements 2 not intoxicated. See ~. which have not been divided into five parts; f1;fHfl [aprameu], l?fl;fHtif [apramey], l?fl;fH~ undivided elements. See t1tft ~. "bhut [apramev] Skt~ adjbeyond measurement.
~ [apural).]
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2 beyond conjecture. I)gill'f(,)Rd i(') [afGanIstan] dt;:J~;, n country of ~ [aporayukat] SkI })f1j~a- adj unused. the Afgans; a country northwest of India with 2 unconnected, non-contiguous. Kabul as its capital.lt is surrounded by Russia, l1fl;fTQ" [apradh] See !tRr'LT "kotI apradh sadh Turkistan in the north, Persia in the west and sagI mItE."-sukhmcmi. Kashmir in the south-east. The ruler of l$lttr3' [aprapat] SkI ~ adj not received, Afganistan formerly called Amir is now unacquired. 2 rare. known as Shah (King). See 'I')f}-/tQ. ~ [aprra], ~ [aprry] adj not lovable. ~ [aphgar] P .J{if adjwounded, injured. 2 n an enemy. ~ [aphgadah] P ~flI adj thrown, cast. nnJo- [apret] adj not yet dead. "nama pret 2 put in, poured in. 3 defeated. apret."-japu. See Y'o-. ~ [dphg5ddn] P v to put in, pour, drop. 2 to throw, throw down. 3 to defeat. ~ [af-all A Jb-" plural of~. l)fG"ffif [aphsar] E officer n a chief, commander. ~ [aphjal] A~, adjpossessing greatness, 2 a ruler. 3 an office-holder. 4 P ~,a crown. very good, best. ~ [af~adan] P (;.!.t~1 v to spread; to ~ [afzay] P .::...'.1' adjwhich increases; it scatter. 2 to sprinkle; to spray. is a suffix and adds to the meaning of words ~ [aphsana] P ,.;l)I n a story, tale, legend, as~-~. narration. 2 a novel. ~ [dfzu], ~ [afz11] P n an increase, a promotion. 2 adj more, special. "aphju ~ [aphsos] P U-';, SkI fl.Iifa-. 2 sorrow. khudaIa."-var majh m I. In Dasam Granth 3 regret. ))fiicfc") [afkan],})[G(Il'O [afgan] P ~ n throwing the word has been used at many places to underline this context. (imperative of ~.) you throw. 2 When this word is suffixed to a noun, it carries the ~ [afzud] See~. "mrlds nrj dphjud kar." -salah. sense of a thrower, as Sherafgan. })[G(Il'O 'Sooa- [afgan ~er], })[G(Il'O crt [afgan kha] ~t!'O [dfzudan] P (;.!J.i.1l v to be more, Sherafgan Khan, governor of Kashmir who increase, progress, rise. under orders from Aurangzeb converted ~ [aftab] See ~ "dunra dphtabdID." Hindus to Islam. "suba tIh thii afgan ~er." -knsan. '1 am the sun of the world'. -GPs. 2 the first husband of Noor Jahan, ~ [afyun] See ~. Alikuli Beg who having killed a tiger got the ~ [aphar] adj what cannot be caught. title of'Sherafgan' (defeater of the tiger). He 2 without fruit, fruitless. 3 bad fruit, bad result. died in 1606 AD. ~ [afganam] P 1 throw down, I shall ~ [apharna] v to bloat. 2 to swell with pride, be arrogant. throw down, I shall defeat. ~ [afGan] P (;.!WI n noise, din. 2 a Muslim ~ [afraxat] P ..:.51)1 adjraised, elevated. tribe especially the one that lives between ~ [afraxtan] P v to raise; to lift; to elevate. Kandhar and the river Indus. that thunders in battle. a Pathan. Pathans speak Pashto. 3 a ICiididCiiJl [aphrataphri] See l)jCii~'dCii;{]. lament, wail. 4 adj an inhabitant of ~ [aphrro], ~ [aphrra] adj not grasped by senses. "aphrro be parvah m." Afganistan.
dfll
u,.1'
,A
?')I
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-maru solhe m 1. 2 bloated with pride, filled with vanity. "aphrro bhar aphar tare."-maru am 1. 3 bearing evil fruit. "akk na laggE ab aphna."-BG. 'A bloated wild plant, calotropis procera, cannot bear mango fruit'. ~ [aphritil, ~ [aphridil P rJ,jl ~ is also correct. n Pathan community is regarded as progeny ofthe Prussian emperor Fridun; Orakzei and Shinvari Pathans are branches ofthis clan. ~ [afroxt;:ml P ~jj v to illumine; to enlighten. ~ [afroxtil P (j,jl you lit it up. ~ [afrozil P lSj,)1 you may lighten it. Its root is also afroxtan. ~ [aphall Skt adj fruitless. 2 n a bush. 3 an impotent male:. 4 Indar, king of gods, whose testicles got abraded because of a curse by the sage Gautam and he came to be known as fruitless or barren. See -at3H 4. ~ [aphlatul, ~ [aphlatul,})f<~ [aphlatunl P l.:,I.,blJ,i1 G tn?rbl E Plato. A celebrated personality among western philosophers, son of Ariston and Priksoene, he was born in the capital Athens in 428 BC. His real name was Aristocles but because of his broad chest and forehead he came to be known as Platon. Ancient historian Olympudorus writes that while his parents took him to l\.1ount Himatus to obtain the blessings of gods, honey bees put honey to the infant's lips which earned him the adjective Athl:::nswi (a large black bee), and poets concluded that his tongue spoke words sweeter than honey. Plato became master of poetics early in his life. One day while passing through a narrow lane, he came across the great sage Socrates whom he had not met earlier. Socrates barred Plato's path with his stiek and
said. 'Blessed boy, please let me know the way to the school of goodness.' Held in ecstatic awe by Socrates' words, Plato said, 'I do not know, sir.' Pointing towards him Socrates said to his companions, 'This is the swan ~ho in my dream last night sat on my breast and then flew away!' Plato was twenty years old then. He was so charmed by Socrates that he, considering the latter's company as a path to emancipation, decided to spend the rest of his life at Socrates' feet and be educated by him. After the death of Socrates, Plato roamed about far and wide and then, around 388 BC, he settled down at the world famous Academy Garden and for 40 years concentrated on philosophic questions, and explained them to his associates and pupils who belonged to both the sexes. They became so famous for their truthfulness that whenever called to the comi for evidence, they were not formally sworn to speak the truth. Plato wrote many celebrated treatises which, fortunately for the scholars, still survive. Easy and correct translations ofthese treatises have been done in various languages of the West for readers not only of Europe and America but also of India. The Indians respectfully admit that Plato born in Europe was a saint-philosopher of the calibre ofVed Vyas. To call this philosopher a metaphysician and a paragon of education and knowledge would not be an exaggeration. That is why Emerson writes that Plato is philosophy and philosophy is Plato. . Many principles ofPlato are in accordance with the Sikh tenets, even his idea about keeping full-grown hair accord with what was ordained by Guru Gobind Singh (see his book Timaeus and his statue). On this topic, the
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Sikh scholar DharamAnant Singh has written a book of over 300 pages entitled 'Plato and the True Enlightener of the Soul'. He wrote this book after consulting Plato's writings in the original Greek. It was published in London by Luzac and Co. in 1912 AD. Plato died on his birthday in 348 BC when he was exactly 81 years old. Some scholars hold that even at the time of his death, he was busy writing. The influence of Plato's wisdom and knowledge on people's mind is so deep that while praising any person for his wisdom, he is called aphlatun (Plato). 2 xa a quilt, a ragged mattress. ~ [afav] A ;t n a pardon, forgiveness. See
~.
[afvah] A ~';I n plural of~. (It means mouth, thus afvah is the talk of many mouths), news, rumour, canard. ~ [afvaj] P [;,1;1 n plural of~. ~s;;'Sl'Si!!()icl [afvulgunah] P ~l;di;t adj one who pardons sins. "kr aphvulgunah hE."-japu. fG;f [aphar] adjwho cannot be caught, beyond grasp. ilil?3 13lil;:fl [aphrataphri] A kLjJ-J,ljl n more or less, confusion, disorder, melee. ~ [afaka] ,.';(;1 relief from pain or sickness. bIG'3' [aphat] A ..:-(;f plural of~. calamities, tribulations. "hor aphat pari atr diragh." -GPs. ~ [aphar], })fGTijT [aphara] adj impetuous, headstrong. "chalE hukam aphar."-sri d ill 5. an order that no one can check. "brn guru kal aphar."-sri dm 1. 'Death is unrestrainable without a spiritual guide' "kana hukam aphara."-sor d m 5. 2 Skt %R unrestrained, spreadout widely. 3 broad. 4 great. "mol aphara sac vapara."-vdQ chJt ill 3. 'ta ko bhar
aphar."-baVdn. 5 force, severity. "barat-hI hOI aphar."-sri ill 5.6 flatulence caused by eating heavy indigestible food, increase of rheumatic effect, defect in stomach or liver, as a result of which the stomach gets bloated, respiration becomes difficult and nausea is felt. The medicines, which are prescribed for colic pain, are good for flatulence, but if it persists for long periods and recurs frequently then, the following recipe should be tried. Take nIsoth (a purgative drug) two parts, piper longum four parts and myrobalan five parts, all powdered and sieved, then mix them with gur (raw sugar) and roll into small pills which taken in the morning with fresh clean water permanently remove flatulence. Alternatively, pistocial lonticus (a fine gum mastagi) 3 masas mixed with one tola gulkand (preserve prepared with rose petals) taken with water along with the use of aniseed and mint is beneficial. 7 getting puffed with pride; self-conceit, vanity. "ek mahalr tU hohr apharo, ek mahalr nrmano."-gdu m 5. "aki marhr aphari." -maru m 1. ~ [aphari], ri [apharol See})fGTijT. 2 adj vain, arrogant. ~ [aphal] See ~. ~ [aphim] Skt ~ which is as strong as a serpent's poison. A d.,J, E opium n an intoxicating and poisonous drug prepared from buds of poppy plant. Physicians use it as medicine to cure several ailments. It has a very dry effect and shrinks the muscles and causes slackness and dullness. ~ [aphimi] an opium addict. ~ [aphut] See ~. ~ [aphur] adj without thought, desire and doubt; free from volition. 2 sans shudder.
te
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[dphu] See ~. ~ [dfundt] A ..;:.;;t foul smell, stink, stench. >mr [db] adv now, at this time, at present, "db hdn rakhdnharu cItana."-dhcwa I.l 5. 2 Skt adj not perv1erted, always alike. "suhagu hdmaro db hUl~I SOhIo."-asa m.5. 'our eternal blessing.' 3 Skt ~ adv today. "kal karata db-hI kdr db kdrta su Ital."-s kdbir'- 4A ":"'" n father. 5 teacher, guru. >mrnT [db-hi] adv this very moment, now, immediately. nmc:ft ~ [db-hi kdb-hi] adv now and any time; now and not later. "db-hi kdb-hi kIChu nd jana."-ram m 1. ~ [dbke], l?n:r& [dbkE] adv this time, this moment. "dbke chutke thaur nd thaJ:o."-giJU kdbir. "abkE kdhIE namu nd ffiIldI."--maru m 1. l?f8}:ffiU [dbxdrdh] A ~J.I plural of~. l?f8J:IT3' [dbxdrat] plural of~. l?fSl:it [dbkhi] Dg n a bad time, an il1-omened moment. l?I1rclT3' [dbgdt] Skt l?f1..fOIf3'. n a miserable condition, poverty, misfortune "sadhu bInu Ese dbgdtI javE."-g5Q kabir. 2 Skt l?ffuoJ3' adj imperishable, eternal. 3 Skt~ adjbodlyless. "adI purakhabgdtdbInasi."-dkal4See~. l?IlrtJl? [dbcal] See~. l?IaeModld [dbcalmgdr] See ~ 0ilTd'. l?faM [dbdj] Skit ~ n born of water, lotus. 2 the moon which was born from the sea. ~ [dbjdd] A 4' n a series of letters beginning with dlIf, be, jim, dal, etc. 2 an alphabet. 3 a table ofletters used for counting numbers beginning with dlIf, be,jim, dal. The complete table is as under: J"':"'l:,. J J ; Vb
J' 90
J
100
-'
200
j
J
300
.:.400
.:.500
i
600
J'
800
};
900
i
1000
700
12345 6 7 u J I) ( (;) ..; 10 20 30 40 50 60
8
(j
70
9 .J 80
While mentioning dates in years, poets use two such suggestive letters in which these counting letters may also be employed. >mEa' [dbtdb] n a dilly-dallying, an evasion. 2 an excuse, pretext. 3 advalways. 4 anytime. "db tdb dVdru nd magdu hdn pdhI."-guj d m 1. 5 this and the other world. l?IS3'd' [dbtdr] A .r-I adj very bad. Skt~. 2 with a short tail, with tail cut, tail-less. l?Pfu'r [dbdtta] See ~. })fat!' [dbdd] metathesis ofl?Ri:T, See l?Ri:T. 2 Skt })fat!' n a cloud that provides water. "amntvak abdd amnt te."-GPs. 3 year. 4 camphor. 5 sky. 6 Skt ~ adj unspeakable, unutterable. 7 A ~,without end, boundless. 8 constant, perpetual, always the same. 9 A .J! n a slave. l?f8t!TM' [dbdal] A J'~' adjchangeable, changing. 2 n saintly persons ofa particular rank similar to the Hindu's dlikpals as guardian deities of different directions. The Muslims believe in 70 abdals out of which 40 are in Syria and 30 in other places. Some writers accept only 40 abdals and they believe that the world is intact because of them. When one of them dies, God appoints some other holy person in his place. Thus they go on changing and hence their designation abdal persists. Prominent abdals are called Gaus. Abdal is a plural of bdddl (change) "marphdtI ffidnu marhu dbdala."-maru solhe m 5. To transfigure concepts with spiritual exercise is essential for attaining the status of an abdal. In this verse-line abdal has a double meaning; those who kill the fickle mind are also abdals. 3 Abdal is one of the five ofMuslim holymen:
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gaus, kutab, vali, abdal, and kalandar. Many put kutab in place of kalander. 4 a Muslim community in Kangra district, whose members live on beggary and accompany dead bodies singing to the burial/cremation ground. They also sing about exploits of the valiant warriors. ~ [abda1a] See ~. ~ [abdaIi] adj connected with Abdal, "karI abdali bhesva."-bhEr namdev. See ~ 3. 2 n Pathans of Saddozai tribe are also called abdali. They are a branch of Durranis and are also called by this name. See ~ W(J" ~ and ~oro'T. ~ [abdi] A 15-:' adj everlasting, immortal. ~ [abdul] See ~w. "sun abdul q.haq.i cal ayo."-GPs. ~l:I"'O [abdulsamad khan] (;j(;..vVI-"I son of Muhammad Amin Khan, a rank-holder who courtier during the reign of Aurangzeb, who was given the title ofDiler Jang (valiantin-battle). Duringthe reign of Farukhsiyar, he was transferred from Kashmir to Lahore as subedar. He launched an invasion on Banda Bahadur at Gurdaspur and by employing deceit made him a prisoner and sent him to Delhi. During the time of Muhammed Shah, he was subedar of Multan. He died in 1739 AD. In Sikh history he also figures as Samund Khan. Zakariya Khan subedar of Lahore (Khan Bahadur) was his son. See'lfe'r. ~ J:ITO [abdul xan] See ~w l:flO. ~ ~ [abdul rahman] companion of the Prophet and religious fighter who accompanied him in numerous battles. He died at Madina in 32 Hijri. According to JSBM, Abadul Rehman initiated nine families. ~QYlHJ:ITO [abadu1rahimxan] cJ(; f.J JIJ!
well known as Khan Khanan, son of Bairam Khan, who was an ally ofAkbar. He was born at Lahore in 1556 AD. After the death of Todar Mal, he became Akbar's foremost vazir in 1589. His daughter Jani Begam was married to prince Danial. After Akbar's death he remained in Jahangir's service for 21 years, and died in 1627. His grave is near the mausoleum of Sheikh Nizamudin in Delhi. He was a scholar of many languages and poet with Rahiman and Rahim as his noms-deplume. His couplets in Hindi are very fascinating: kahr rahim ya pet s6 ky6 na bhayo tu pith, bhukhe man brgar hE bhare brgarr dith. sadhu sarahE sadhuta, yati YO$Ita jan, rahrman sace sur ki vEri karE bakhan. kahr rahim gatr dip ki kul kuput ki sor, bare ujraro karE baq.o adhero hoI. pharji ~ah na hVE sake gatr teq.hi tasir, rahrman sidhi cal te pyado hot vazir. karat nrpunai guI) brna rahrman nrpun hajur, rnano terat vrtap caq.h rh prakar ham kur. khira mukh dhar katrye malrye namak lagar, karve mukh ko cahrye rahrman yahi sajaI. 2 a paymaster of Ahmad Shah Abdali. The Khalsa Dal in Doaba killed him and liberated many Hindu girls from his clutches. ~ [abdulla] adjGod's slave. 2 a musician in Guru Hargobind's retinue who encouraged and roused the bravery of Sikh army by singing ballads of the heroes. See ~. 3 the eldest son ofAbdul Mutallib ofQuraish tribe, and father of Prophet Muhammad. He died in 571 AD. ~ J:ITO [abdulla xan] subedar of Jalandhar who died during a battle against Guru Hargobind fought at Gobindpur (Hargobindpur) in Sammat 1687. ))flJtf [abadh] Skt ~ adj unbound, free. 2 Skt
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l'lfll11:r
~.
169
~
llffa'
not worthy to be killed, sueh as a child, a sick person, a woman and a refugee. 3 who cannot be killed by anyone. 4 Skt ~EfTtr.if; unbound, unobstructed, unhealable. "kalphas abadh lage."-asa r;)vdas. l)fSfu [abadhI] See ~. 2 Skt31fim 11 blearer of water; sea, ocean. >mrlbw [abdhIja] Skt ~ 11 born of sea, Lachhmi. 2 wine, liquor. ~ [abdhut] See ~. ~ [abadhy] See l1ratr 2. ))(8O'IJft [abnasi] See l?furJ:ft. ~ [abnus] See ~. "syah mane abm.ishI ko taru."-krrs;)n. l1I8liIO!3" [abyakt] ~ without body, formless, unembodied. See ~ ; "abyakat rup apar."--;)kal. l')f8ti[T3" [abyat] A ~!:<' plural of E, a metre, "abyat hfdvi."-s;)loh. 'bEt stanzas in Hindi'. })fflO [abar] adjwhich is not ~ (the best); not good, bad. 2 P ,/.I Skt~-tRf a cloud. Set::~. ~ [abra$] P J/.I adj piebald., dappled speckled, like the sky or a cloud. 2 his cloud. ~ [abrak] S,ee ~. 1'>Ia'6O [abaran] Skt~adjcolourl<ess, without any colour. 2 of bad colour, wrongly coloured. "abaranbaranghamnahrham."-hhET.:1kabir. 3 without any religion; low; outside the four castes, "gavatsunatjapatudharEbaranabarna sabh hu."-dev m 5. 4 Skt 3fCjl1'<r. adj indescribable. "abaranbaran SIU man hi pritI. "-bhEr ;) k;)bir. 'love for the indescribable One from the heart's core'. 5 unspeakable, slander "baran hE abaran ko." -kalki. 'will slander.' 1'>Ia'6O'S"60 [abaran baran] See})f8'Qc') 4 and ~
~. ~
lfiJTOi' [abre bahara] P U'.Jl(./.f rainfall in the spring season. >mre [abro], ~r:?" [abroI] See ~. fm5" [abal] adjlacking strength, weak, "abal bal topa."-maru jEdev. 'broke the might of the mighty', I.e., weakened the senses. 2 A JJ' first. "abal naG khudaI da."-JSBB. ~ [ablak] A ~l adj piebald, speckled (horse), white and black. >mrW [abla] Skt 11 a woman. 2 adjweak, feeble. 3 A J..f lacking in intelligence, foolish. l')f'8'l'fur [abIis] A,):, 11 one who is bereft of God's grace; Satan, devil, "takabbar kita abIis 'ne ga1lanal: j1ma."-jagnama. >>is;3iiPij' [abarvaha] adj half-asleep, halfawake. l)fST [aba] A Ii' 11 plural of~ (father). Skt~. "~m abe thavhu mIthra."-sri m 5.
l')f'8Tfft [abasi]l1ayawn.See~.2flowerof
basa. "januk phul abasi rahi."-carrtr 317. See
l'aTFf 2.
[abah] ad} without arms, armless. 2 without transport; who does not ride a blue jay (as does Lord Vishnu "namast~ abahe." -japu. 3 without:EI"U (sexual desire). See~. ~ [abajar] P Ab adj unhappy, 8' (with) 1?fIt.I'I'ij' (hurt). l'>I'1Pt!' [abad] adj without ~. (dispute), undisputed. 2 Sele~. ~ [abadan] See~. rWQ' [abadh] adj without restriction, unrestricted, unchecked. 2 unimpeded, unobstructed. 3 See~. ))ftfltf.iI' [abadhy] adj unrestricted, unimpeded. ~ [ababil] A IJ.:~' 11 a swallow. ))fSTij' [abar] adj without slackness or delay. 2 without obstruction, unobstructed "khaqa abar~."-gyan. 3 See~. ))f'fu [abI] adv now, at this time. "abI kIchu krrpa kijE."-dh;)na m 3. 2 Skt ~ 11 a ram.
l'>fWU
[abru] P ,/.1 E eyebrow Skt ~ eyebrow. 2 See~. ..
11
an
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l'>tfStll'5i'ldld
3 a billy goat "abl madh hom karaI."-gyan. 4 the sun. 5 a mountain. 6 a mouse, rat. 7 the air. 8 calotropis procera, a wild plant. 9 modesty, shyness. 10 adj good, all right. ~ [ablakat] See ~. ~ [ablkhad] adj without a conflict. "ablkhad dey durat."-akal. ~ [ablgat], ~ [ablgatu] Skt ~. adj unknowable. "jab ablgat agocar prabhu eka."-sukhmani. 2 imperishable and perpetual. "jo jan jambhaj-hl ablgat kau." -suhi kabir. "abgatu samajh lana."-gau kabir.
3See~.
))ffuan.r [ablgam] Sktl?lSOlH. n certain acumen, sure knowledge. 2 ~ adj indestructible. ~ [ablgami] adjhaving sure knowledge. "adVE alakhpurakh abl gami." -akal. 2 imperishable. See))ffuan.r 2. ~ [ablcal] adj motionless, unmovable, permanent. "ablcal niv dhari gur nanak."-guj
m5.
l')jfStJl'Si'ldld
[ablcalnagar] a sacred town related with the tenth Guru situated near Nader (nader, ~) city on the bank of Godavari river. Here Guru Gobind Singh breathed his last on the 5th of the bright half of the lunar month of Katak Sammat 1765. The Sikhs have chosen this name with reference to a line in Suhi Chhand "ablcal nagar l gobfd guru ka." to the true congregation and the highest spiritual state. Its other name is Hazoor Sahib and it is now accepted as the fourth Takhat of the Khalsa. Here the following weapons of Guru Gobind Singh are preserved: a quoit, a broad sword,' a steelbow, a mace, a steel arrow, five golden swords and one small sword, six in~hes long. Besides these many more priceless weapons,
lIn Gurbani, Abchal Nagar, means congregation-cumhighest spiritual state.
which cannot be seen in the museums of capital cities, are beautifully displayed on the Guru's throne. They include a blade of Mai Bhago's spear whom ignorant people call an eight-armed goddess. ghanachri abrcalnagar ujagar sagar jag jahar jahur jaM jot hE jabar jan, khade hE pracaq khar kharag kudaq dhare khajar tuphag puj karad krrpan ban, sakti sarohi sd sag jamdar cakr qhale gan bhale rrpu ghale chrpr jag than, camkat carD or ghor rup kaIIka ko badna karat kavr jor panr tahi than. manhar sudar godavri vrhin mal calE jal saIIta satul gag kul chabr pav;;i, khare khare taro khare hare hare pat jare patr patr kare char saghni ko chavai, bolat brhag rag rag ke utag than 1;iri gobId sIgh ko sIghasan suhavai, jar darsavai manorath uthavai so kamna ko pavai satokh sIgh gavai. -GPs. Nander has other gurdwaras as under: 2 Shikarghat in the south of Nander on the bank of Godavari where the Guru would relax for a while after hunting. 3 Sangat Sahib where soon after his arrival at Nander, the Guru addressed his first congregation. This place is within the precincts of the city. 4 Hira Ghat where he threwa' diamond into Godavari presented to him by Bahadur Shah. This place is in the south of the city. 5 Gobind Bag, about two furlongs from the main gurdwara where the Guru occasionally went and rested for a while. Now this is an agricultural field, tllough a small room is also built there.
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uttar
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MAP OFABCHAL NAGAR
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.-----------------..
172
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6 Nagina Ghat where the Guru threw a ~ [dbrdya] See ~. jewel into the river presented by the Sikhs. nrfaour [dbrmy] See~. Some small glittering stones on the river bank ~ [abrnas], ~ [dbrnasr], !fuorRt are to be seen there. This is in the west of [dbrnasi] Skt m;orTfu;or~ ad) imperishable, immortal, indestmctible, "parbrdhdm purdn Nander. dbrnas."-sar m 5. 2 perpetual, eternal. "he 7 Banda Than. At this place was the acut he parbrahdm dbrnasi dghnas."-bavdn. thatched hut ofMadho Das Bairagi. The Guru sanctified this place with his visit and baptised 3See~. Banda as a Sikh. See"8t!r~. This place is ~ H [dbrnasikhem] 11 perpetual pros. perity, eternal liberation, after which there is in the west ofNander. 8 Shrine of Mata Sahib Kaur near Hira no bondage. 2 eternal happiness. "dbrnasi Ghat. She had come to the south from khem cah-hr je nandk sdda srmdr nararn." Damdama Sahib along with the Tenth Master, -toeji m 5. stayed and served the Guru for sometime and ~ [dbrnasipurdkh] 11 an indestructible went back to Delhi as orderd by him. See ~ or perfect person; God. "abrnasi purdkhu "&0 J-fT3T. para parmesaru."-sohIla. 9 Maltekri in the north of Nander. Here ~ [abrbek] Skt ~ 11 thoughtlessness, the Guru dug out a hidden treasure and made ignorance. "abrbek hE trh naG, tav hiy me payment to the Pathan employees and again jrh thaG."-par<Js. buried the remaining treasure there. See (')CffiT. rf1raoft [abrbeki] Skt 3TmfcF;or~ devoid of reasoning and thinking; foolish, ignorant. ~ooRft [dbrcdl mgri] Sikh conclave" Sikh congregation. "dbrcdlndgri nandk dev."-asa ~ [abryak,~t] See ~. <J m 5. 2 a spiiritual state, stage of spiritual ~ [abrrtha] ad) fruitless. "jamm abrrtha knowledge. jai."-maru k<Jbil~ ~ [dbrcar] 11 lack of thinking, ~8" [abrl;'ib] See ~8". ignorance. "rdcro brcar dbrcar."-<Jkal. n-rm [abi] adv now, at this very moment. See 2 ad) devoid of thinking, thoughtless, n-rfu. foolish "tE dbrcar jdrh! kdrtar kalu nd >mftor [abina] ad) without ~ (eyesight), man."-par<Js. 3 adv without thinking, blind. 2 ignorant person. "sdbh phokat without calculation "ldcch ldcch tur;'ig ekdharamabinra."-pr<Jbha bel)i. 'Deeds by the ignorant are ineffective.' hr dijiE dbrcar."-par<Js. 4 11 Skt n-rf<Nra' 11 a custom of making a sacrifice or killing of ~ [dbinra] See rator. animals according to Atharva Ved. "pdrh >mikr. [abir] A .d 11 gulab; coloured powder of bed m;'itr dbrcar."-gyan. 5 According to musk, rose, saffron and sandalwood which is books on magical incantations there are six very fragrant. See hfur. dbrcars : killing, attracting, hindE~ring, ~ [abujh] ad) which is not extinguished; ever lit. 2 Skt nrgir ad) unintelligent, dull, hating, extirpating and conjuring. ignorant. ~ [dbrdra] See ~. t'fS"t! [dbrddj Skt ~ ad) uneducated, ~ [dbujhDa] 11 remaining lit; (of fire) not foolish, unwise. dying. 2 ignorance. "bujhDa abujhDa tudh
'.
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~
kia."-asa am 3. [abudh] See
l)f~q [abodh] adj unintelligent, stupid. 2 n

~
2.
~[abuddhI] Skt~adjignorant, lacking
intelligence. 2 n ignorance, lack of intelligence. ~ [abujh] See ~ 2. ~w [abutbela] Paolo di Avitabile, was born in Italy in October 1791 AD. After having served at different places, he became an anny officer of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the lion of Punjab, at Lahore. General Avitabile's cantonment was at Naulakha and his residence was at Buddhu's Kiln. He was ofa hefty build and an astute soldier. He raised . Vazirabad again in a new design. For some time he was governor of Peshawar. After the decline of the Sikh administration he went away from India, and died in France on 28 March 1850. ~ [abur] A ~i' n the act of going across; crossing, ferrying. "..a- [abe] See ~. 2 part vocative. are! 0 ! "..a-",. [abea] See~. lriu [abeh] adjwithout hole or gap; unbroken. "abeh nath ajit."-akal. "ravri deh abeh ko dekh kE."-GV 10. ~ [abecal] adj See l'>lfatffi. "mal hamara akhut abecal."-bhEr m 5. "..a- 3it [abetabe] See >m:I3lT. 2 n an insult. "abe tabe ki cakri."-asa a m 1. 3 adv always, everyday. "abetabe kure he paja."-gau a m 1. 'bf8o faber] adv without delay, at once. 2 n delayed time, wrong time. 3 adv evening. "ketak kar aber nIksate."-GPs. 'bf8o~ faber saver] n evening and morning, sunrise and sunset. "avhI jaI aver saver." -GPs. "m [abE] See~. 2 Skt~. adjimperishable, eternal, always the same. "ajE hE:. abE hE." -japu.
stupidity, ignorance. ~ [abol] adj without voice, silent, "karal) kavan abol."-dhana ravdas. 2 See in?~. >mit!" [ab;'lC] adj who cannot be deceived, undeceivable. "as prakar lakh rIde sadiv abac jo."-NP l)flf~ [abadta] n boundlessness, freedom, salvation. "badna ko let hi abadta ko det jan."-NP ~ [abbas] A vI? n son of Abdal Mutallab and paternal uncle of Prophet Muhammad. He died on 21 February 653AD. His grave is in Medina. Abasi family to which caliphs of Baghdad belonged is so known after his name. 2 a flower; plant gulabbas or gulabbas. ~ ~ [abbul phajal] ~'i.' son of Sheikh Mubarak and brother ofFaizi was minister of emperor Akbar. His title was Allami and he was a great scholar. Born in 1551 AD, he died in 1602 AD. He wrote many important books including Aiyar Danish a translation in Persian of Panch Tantra. His Aini-Akbari is a great book of history describing Akbar's administration. ))f8'jf [aby] See ~. ~a:i1ifq3 [abyakrIt] See ~. ~ [abrIl~i] Skt ~ adj without a wound (~); unwounded. "jo abrmi thaQhe hute brIl)i kIye kartar."-cantr 128. })f9 [abh] See l'fu". ~ [abhau] adj fearless, intrepid. 2 n fearlessness intrepidity. "guru amar das parsiE abhau labhE."-savEye m 3 ke. ~ [abhat], ~ [abh-atar] Skt ~ n in the middle. 2 heart, mind, conscience. 3 adv inside, in the heart. "agam agocar rahIa abh-at."-bhEr a kabir. "nrrbhau so abh-atar vasIa."-maru solhe m 1. ~ [abh-atarr] adj inner, mental "sacu
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m 1. 'Empty (minds) are irrigated (with karr)i abh-;'ltan seva."-gau a ml. 2 adv from Guru's teaching) and filled to the brim'. within, inside. "'jal mahI keta rakhiE abh-;'ltan ~ [abharan] an ornament. See~. "har suka."-asa a D.1 1. ~ [abhak~], .Blj [abhakhu] Skt ~. adj kajar bastra abharan kine."-bIla pa[tal m 5. "abharan hE."-japu. not fit for eating; religiously forbidden food. "lobhi j;'ltu n", jaI).ai bhakhu abhakhu sabh ~ [abhara], ~ [abhana] adjnot filled, empty, partly filled. "abhara saru bhana." khaI."-sri m .5. -savEye m 4 ke. 'Mind filled (with contentf!fiIT [abhagJl Skt ~ adj unbroken, ment) is really full'. unbreakable. "tIS diban abhag."-var asa. "abhag sabha s;'lg hE sadha."-asa m 5. 2 Skt ~ [abharIth], ~ [abharItha] See 3l111T. unfortunate, unlucky. ~. ~ [abhagat] Skt~ adjwithout devotion, ~ [abharvaha] See ~. irreligious. 2 which has not been divided, ))fW [abha] glory, See ~. "laSE trIy vaki unbroken. "abhagat hE."-japu. '(God) is abha."-krrsan. 2 l?f (without) ~ (light). indivisible' . ~ [abhau] n lack of~(respect); disrespect, ~ [abhagan] See >'l@OT 1. insult, "jJ b bhau abhau Ih manE."-sor m 5. ~ [abhach] See &ld.' 2 Skt ~. absence, want, non-existence, ~ [abhajl adjwho does not rUIl away:; firm. "pekhan sunan abhau."-NP 3 destruction. See 2 who cannot be defeated or overcome. ~. 3 unbreakable:. 4 not fit to be consumed. ~ [abhaI] Sl~e ~. 2 n hatred. 3 an ill~ [abhadr] adj wicked, ungracious. intentioned attitude. 4 lack of interest. 2 inauspicious. See ~. "subhaI abhaI ju nIkatI aVE situ taka jaI." ~ [abhpir] Seerfu" and tikI'. -maru a m 5. 'Interested or disinterested, ~ [abh-lbhagatIl, ~ [abh-bhagti] whoever comes near (fire), loses his cold'. Seerfu" and elorfo. 2 n worship of the manifest ~ [abhas] Skt~n a reflection, an image. deity or saint. "manmukh te abh-bhagatI na 2 light. "das car 10k abha abhas."-braham. hovsI."-prabha a m 1. "abh-bhagti PIr l?f'lTl:f [abhakh] Skt ~ adj silent, reticent. agE."-tukha baramaha. "re l;'lpat knsan abhakh;'l.";-prabha baI)i. 'You l?fID-ITO [abhman] See rfu'Hro. are mute for saying God's name.' ~ [abhay] atdj fearless. ~ [abhakhan] Skt ))fT-~ n an utterance, ~ [abhaydan] n bounty of intrepidity, a statement. "avra dekhI na SUI).E abhakhE." -suhiravdas. 21?f(not)~(speaking),silence. making the refugee fearless, removing the ))3Tl:fT [abhakha], l?f'lTf1:PlfT [abhakhIa] n refugee's fear. ~ [abhar] adjunfilled, empty. "guru ramdas language not fit to be spoken. The Hindus sar abhar bhare."-scwEye m 4 ke. 2 See~. regarded Greek and Arabic as barbarian ~ [abharak] See ~. languages and directed the people not to use these uncivilised languages. See ~ t.fTO""F.IQ ~ [~bharaJt).] See~. 2 a~iwhich no one wears, uncherished. 'Fi'fu3r b. 4. ~ 'Fi'fu3r b. 6. "abhakhIa ka ~ [abharat] adjwhich has not been filled; kutha bakra khaI).a."-var asa. The Guru did empty. "abharat SIC bhae subhar sar."'-sar a not consider any language barbarian but only
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pointed out to the Hindus! and the Muslims the ideas of pollution. Referring to the practice of beating a camel with a stick drawn from its own load, he tells the Muslims that they kill an animal by repeating' in the name ofAllah'. To the Hindus he remonstrates that they forbid others from polluting theif'kitchen though they themselves eat meat prepared in Allah's name. How strange is their reason. If the Guru had considered Arabic, Persian etc., as foul languages, he would not have employed them in his spiritual utterances. ~ [abhakh] See ~. ~ [abhakha] See l?&Tl:f. ))SI(IT [abhag] adj who does not get his share. 2 Skt i>ffi1Or.iI" n misfortune, bad luck. 3 adj unfortunate, unlucky. "ram kin japsI abhag." -bl1er ravdas. ~ [abhaga], l'i@TCIft [abhagi] Skt 3Tmfl'r;:r, adj unfortunate, luckless. "jIs kau bisr pranpatI data, soi gan-hu abhaga."-dhana m 5. "nam vIsana se manmukh mUT abhagi."-asa chJt m4. ~ [abhagu] Skt ~. n misfortune, bad luck. "ram na jap-hu abhagu tumara."-gau a m1. ~ [abhat] adjwhich has no parallel; unique, peerless. "sobha abhat."-ben. ~ [abhan] n disbelief, lack of faith. ~ [abhani] See})f1'ePO and~. ~ [abhav] Skt n lack, absence, nonexistence. Scholars have accepted five types of it: a) pragbhav (prak - abhav): non-existence in the past, as the sword was non-existent before its manufacture from steel as a weapon. b) pradhvasa bhav: non-existence of something after its destruction, as when
ITaking a stick from the load on the back of the camel and beating it with that.
fireworks get burnt into ashes. c) anyonyabhav: mutual non-existence, of one thing in the form of another, as an ass is not a cow and vice-versa. d) atyatabhav: non-existence at all times as horns of a rabbit or flower of the sky. e) samyIkabhav: non-exisence at any particular time, for example of a pot after it has been taken away. 2 bad or wrong idea or vow. 3 lack of faith. ~ [abhI]prep which prefixed to a word gives the meaning of vis-a-vis (FI7ilj1:f), bad (Ht!"), upon (~), near (ilS"), far (~o), around (~), well (tfaft 3W), without (reoi ), desire (re'6r), liking (gftr), etc. 2 in the Sikh scripture abhI has appeared as a short form for abhyatar, which means inside the mind, or conscience. "pritam pritI bani abhI si."-mala am 1. "sabadI abhI sadhare."-asa cl1Jt m 1. "bIn abhI sabad na majie:"-sri am 1. 'Withoutthe word, the mind cannot be rendered pure'. l?ffirlI [abhIUl, l'>fftffi [abhIO] Skt~ n doubt. 2 reasoning, argument. "apa pad nIrbaI) na cinIa In bIdhI abhIu na cuk."-asa kabir. 3 adj f-mif unafraid, fearless. ~ [abhIa] adjwithout fear, fearless. "abhed abhIa."-akal. ~li [abhIas] Skt rnJ1TFf n practice, repetition for improving performance. "karhI bed abhIas."-dhana m 1. ~ [abhIasi] Skt ~ adjwho practises ascetic discipline or devotion. ~ [abhIagat] Skf~ n coming face to face. 2 a visitor, guest. 3 a mendicant, sadhu. "abhIagat ehI na akhianI jI parghan bhojan karenI."-var ram 1 m 3. I"fip,f3' [abhI~H], ~~ [abhI~Har] See
l'iIW>f~.
~.
[abhISaraI)] Skfn advancing, going forward. 2 getting closer.
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[abhIsar] n a battle. 2 method. 3, effort. l?If!!lR'fdCi(i [abhIsanka] n In poetics the heroine who makes deliberate effort to go to the lover. It is oftwo types: (a) kri;mabhIsanka: who on a dark night goes dressed in the black, and (b) $uklabhIsanka: who goes wearing white clothes on a moonlit night "set saj saj chali Sayre ki pritI kaj, cadni me radha mano cadni si hVEgai." -krI$dn. ~ [abhIsecl, ~ct [abhIkhek] Skt ~. n the act of sprinkling (water). 2 a ritual bath at coronation when water is sprinkled with kU$a (sacred grass). 3 sprinkling amrit in the eyes and the hair at the time of baptism. l?I'&1:r [abhIkkh] adj who does not beg alms. 2 Skt IfucrJf n fame, renown. 3 splendour. 4 Skt ~ adj famous, renowned. l?If!!I"ar [abhIg] adjwhich does not get wet; dry. 2 cruel, brutal. 3 ~ adj well-acquainted, knowing closely. 4 awakened (soul). ~ [abhIg-atam] Skt 3T~;:r, adj profound scholar, metaphysician. "kai kotI abhIg-atam nIkor."-sc.:khmani. 'Crares of profound scholars and crores of novice:s are here' . ~ [abh:[gIa] Skt 3TM~T n memory, remembrance, recollection. ~ [abhIgyl See l?If!!I"ar 3 and 4. ~ [abhIcar] n According to the book of charms or incantations there are six barbarous deeds consisting of killing,attracting, stupefYing, hating, distracting and bewitching. See~ 4 and 5. l'>I'firt:r [abhIj] adj which does not get wet. 2 not compassionate, stone-hearted. 3 See m 3. "akhIjje abhIjje."-japu. l?I'fuft:E" [abhIjIt] Skt ~ n According to astrology, the last stages of the zodiac, along
with the first four phases of the moon, during which period victory over the enemy is achieved by encountering him from the front. That is why it is termed abhIjIt. 1 2 son of Chandarvanshi king, Puru, and father ofAhuk. 3 adj in a contest victor over his enemy. 'I')fft;e- [abhId] adj ~ which cannot be pierced; not fit to be pierced. ~ [abhIdhal Skt n power to clarify the power of the spoken word; word-power to reveal its objective. ~ [abhIdhan] Skt n an utterance, speech. 2 dictionary. ..::-liJ. l'>fftfo [abhfn] adj who does not feel any empathy. "manmukh abhfn na bhIjai."-var sar m 4. 2 Skt ~ adj not different, not separate, similar" ~ [abhmay] Skt n the act of revealing heart's disposition. 2 The act of revealing; a play through bodily gestures, dramatics. ~ [abhInIVe$] Skt n an entry, admittance. 2 concentration. 3 In yog system, mental conflict is accepted as distress arising from the fear of death. ~ [abhuiadan] Skt ~ n happiness. 2 contentment. 3 praise "sar majjE abhInadan karE."-GPS. 4 supplication request. "sur kar abhInadan. "-GPs. ~ [abhIpir] n mind's agony. "prabhu jal).E abhIpir. "-sri a m 1. 2 Skt~ enthusiasm, courage. 3 desire. 4 See rf!!Iq3". ~Tlif [abhIpray] Skt n intention, purport. 2 import, tenet. rf!!Iq3" [abhIpret] Skt adj intended. desired. ~ [abIbad~m] Skt ~ n a salutation done while standing in front. 2 praise, admiration. ~ [ablumatl adj heartily, desired. "jo
IS ome people regard the zodiac (l'lffuf,:s-) as a planet but it is not so. See &ttf.
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abhImat datar:"-NP 2 samat. according to opinion. ~ [abhImatI] n pride, arrogance. "tJ abhImatI kya phal tum pavhu."-NP 2 desire, inclination: "abhImatI bat dharo ur mahi." -NP.3 an opinion, counsel. ~ [abhImanyu] adj who in his heart bears anger against the enemy. 2 n son ofArjun and Krishan's sister Subhadra. He killed Duryodhan's son Lakshman on the second day of the battle of Mahabharat, but himself died after displaying valour on the thirteenth day. He was married to Uttra, daughter of king of Viratpati. She gave birth to kingParikshit who ascended the throne after the Pandavs. l2ffin..rro [abhIman] Skt n pride, vanity. "abhIman khoI khoI."-brla m 5. 2 ego, self, conceit, egotism. "lobh abhIman bahut hakara."-majh Cl m 3. 3 Skt disrespect, insult. "man ClbhIman madhe so sevak nahi."-sri m 5. "tEsa man tEsa abhIman."-sukhmClni. ~ [abhImamni] adj proud (woman). 2 nstream.-SClnama. ~ [abhImani] adj (a woman) who is proud. "abhImani ki jar sar par jae."-g5<;l a m 5. 2 n pride, ego, sense of vanity. "cuki abhImani."-tukha eMit m 1. ~ [abhImukh] Skt adj face-to-face, confronting. 2 ready to work. 3 adv in front, opposite. ~ [abhImatral)] n a ceremony performed by reciting mantars. "matran so abhImatr kE gahI dhanu chaqyo ban."-krrsCln. 2 the process ofconjuring up some god with the aid of mantars. ~ [abhImanu] See ~. "jIm bharat abhImanu kin."-GPs. ~rf [abhIram] adj beautiful, attractive. 2 pleasing. "rFimJo [abhIrIth], l?ffuftfor [abhIrIttha] Skt
heartily desired. 2 comfortable. "gurusEva jal)an abhIrIttha."-BG ~ [abhIlakh], ~ [abhIlakha] Skt ~. n a strong desire, intense longing. 2 an inclination, a disposition. ~ [abhIlakhi] Skt ~,adjdesirous, eager. l')jrg~:Jit'la [abhIvyajak] Skt ~ ~ adj who reveals or enlightens. 2 who teaches or reveals. l?fYt [abhi] adv just now, this very instant. 2 Skt adj without m(fear), fearless. ~ [abhi~t] Skt adj keenly desired, heartily longed for. 2 something one is fond of. ~ [abhic], ~ [abhicu] See ~ 1. "dhal) abhic nachatr hE kam krodh ahakar tIage."-BG 2 victory in a face-to-face contest. "naval)u purabu abhicu gur satuIgur daras bhaIa."-tukha chJt m 4. 'The true Guru Amar Das gave darshan to pilgrims at the holy places, where they went for a holy dip' meaning thereby that a glimpse of the Guru is better than bathing at holy places. 3 ~. desired, wanted; the idea being that Sikhs got a much-desired darshan of the Guru on the occasion of the sacred bath. ~ [abhit] adj without fear, fearless. "namasta abhite."-japu. ~ [abhir] Skt n a shepherd, herdsman. 2 a four lined matrIk metre also called ahir, each line comprising eleven matras ending in 151 combination. Example: atI sadhu atI raj, karan lage durkaj, pap hnde mahI than, karat dharam )<ar hanI.-kalki. 3 adjnot cowardly; brave, heroic, fearless. "Ih gaqhoi abhir hE."-NP ~ [abhiril, ~ [abhiru], ~ [abhil] Skt ~ adjwho is not timid; brave. "abhiri bhaje
~ adj
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bhiru hVE."-kalki. "bir bake abhile."-GPs. ~ [abhul], f~ [abhulu] adjwho doe:s not forget or miss, unfailing. "bhular:t adau sabhuko abhulu guru kartar."-sri CI m 1. ~ [abhu] adj without birth, unborn; "abhu hE."-japu. See~. ~ [abhukhan] Skt~. finery, decorative things. 2 ornaments, items of jewellery. ~ [abhukhi] adjwhose hunger has come to end; satiated. "abhukhi jEsebhukh tE." -krIsan. 2 content. ~ [abhut] adJwhat has not happene:d iin the past. "abhuta bhyar:ta."-VN. 'Such fearful beings have not been there in the past' . 2 '~ which is not sans beginning; without a past. "tEse bIsvrup te abhutbhut pragat hvE." -Clkal. 3 existill1g in the present only. 4 not a function of the elements. "namasta CJbhute." -japu. 5 n disappearance, destruction. "kruddh ko abhut hE kI achhE abInasi hE." -gyan. 6 See }~ and ~. ~ [abhutak] Skt ~ adj not born or made from the elements. })j~3iiJGI'C! [abhutbhayar:t] See ~3" 1. [abhutI] Skt n non-existence, absellce of existence, opposite of increase. See ~. ~ [abhum] Skt ~~ adj little, meagre, of no consequence. 2 Skt~ adjnot made from earth; unearthly~ ~ [abhul] See~. "abhul nCJ bhulE."-sar m5. l$ [abhe], ~~ [abheu], ~ [abhea], ~ [abheI]adjwithout a difference. '''alakh abheu harI rahIa samae."-majh am 3. 2 Skt ~ without fear, 1I10t fearful, not afraid. "abhe hE."-japu. ~'A" [abhes], [abhekh] Sktm-li1 adj without a dress; undisguised. 2 ill-dressed. 3 invisible, non-existing, annihilated. "kijIyE abhes unE baq.o yahI kam hE."-cJ<;li 1. "sabh
nrertf
dust mar kine abhekh."-mrsfgh. 'killed all the wicked and annihi lated them'. ~ [abhet] n lack of meeting, separation. "jam ki abhet det."-NP ~t! [abhed] adj whose secret cannot be known, unknowable. 2 without a secret. 3 n identification, unity. 4 Skt~ impregnable, impermeable. ~ ~ [abhed rupak] See ~. ~ [abh~dyl See ~ 4. ~ [abhey] adj without a difference. 2 without fear, fearless. See l$. "ajeya abheya anama athama."-VN. ~ [abhev] ad) unsecretive, whose secret cannot be known. "abhev hari."-akal. 2 n nonexistence, annihilation. "man tan nITmal abhIman CJbheva."-ram CI m 1. ~ [abheva] See ~. l$ [abhEl See })ffl1jf. ~t!TO [abhEdanl n a gift of fearlessness. "abhEdan pavau purakh date."-bIla m 5. ~ [abhEpatl n a dress which renders the wearer fearless; a helmet, an armour. "abhEpat rIpU madh tIh."-sClvEye m 3 ke. ~ [abhE pad] n a state from which there is no fear offalling down. "abhEpad dan SImran suami kO."-jEt m 5. 2 salvation, the highest state, the fourth spiritual state. ~ [abhogi] adjwho renouncespleasures. ~ [abhojy] adj inedible food. ~ [abhol] See ~. ~ [abh;)tIk] Skt adj non-material. ~ [abhagl Skt 3f'l=[6~lf adj unbreakable. imperishable. 3 n a poetic metre in Marathi used by Tukaram and Namdev in their literary works. It has two forms: in the first there are 16 characters in each line and in the second there are 22. 4 Dg adj fearless, dauntless. ~ait [abhagiJ Skt 31~~ adj complete, undivided. "abh:3gi aname."-japu.
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bf}{t:.if
l')f}fO
fR'1I
~ [dbhajJ Skt ~ adj unbreakable. 2 un-
conquerable. 3 without bend, unbending. ~ [dbhJjdnJ unbreakable, unbroken, imperishable. 2 Skt ~ n an oily substance for rubbing or pasting over the body. t!!fri'o!!frio [dbhajanbhajdnJ adjwho divides the indivisible ones. 2 who bends those who do not bend before anyone. ~ [dbhJc:lJ adj not condemned, not
condemnable~
~[abhatJSkt~adjindescribable. " abha
abh;-jt barni na jai."-datt. ~ [abhyastJ Skt adj practised. t.ifTR' [abhyasJ See ~. ~ [abhyasiJ See~. ~ [abhy;-jtarJ See ~. ~ [abhrJ Skt 3T'lJ vr to go, wander. 2 Skt 3T'lJ n a carrier of water; a cloud. P ~" 3 mica. 4 the sky. 5 gold. 6 a demon who was in the army of the Yadavs. "raehas abhr huto han ki dIs."-krrsan. ~ [abhrdkJ Skt n a glittering mineral like mica or glass that is extracted from the mines.
A
})f}f
J~'.
[amJ Skt vr WI:. to go; to speak; to be sick; to serve; to eat. 2 Skt 3111 a disease. 3 the cause of a disease, diagnosis. 4 fear. 5 strength, power. 6 P (, pron indicative of first person, singular, I. "na danam kI imarad rubah pee." -jafaT. >m-rfi:p,p- [amasIaJ See ~ . ~ [amsosJ See IGfh:r. ~ [ameurJ n a dried and powdered form of chopped mangoes. })f)-Iri1i [amajabJ adj who follows no religion, irreligious. "namdst;-j dmdjbe."-japu. See}ftf8". tHEr [dmdtthJ adjwithout a forehead; headless. 2 which cannot be churned, unsubued. ~ [dmddnJ A 1..1 advwillfully, deliberately, intentionally.
[dmddyJ n something different from wine; elixir, nectar, anything not an intoxicant. "ddYO bilt mddy;-j dmddy;-j."-vErah. 'Mohini distributed wine and nectar.' >m-IO [dmdnJ A d' n peace, tranquillity. >m-Rr [dmdr} Skt n a god, that does not die. "dmdr sImdrkdr jahI Sdmdr jdY pavhI dn hdr."-GPS. 2 adj deathless, undying. ";-jmnt piVE amaru su hOI."-sukhmani. "amar gahu marrlE"."-maru m 1. 'Conquer your unconquerable mind i.e. bring it u~der control.' 3 unmoving, immutable, irrevocable. "teri amaru rajaI."-asa c11Jt m 5 brrhare. 4 short form for Guru Amar Das. "sacu Sdea satlguru amaru hE."-var gau 1 m 4. "lahIl).a tu hE guru dmaru tu vicarra."-var ram 3. See ~~. 5 A /' n order, command. "amar hil).;-j jatha rajanah."-sahas m 5. "SIr upan amaru karara."-maru m 5.6 currency; a coin. "amar ealavE e;-jm de."-BG 7/1 a ruler. "amaru veparvahu hE."-var sar m 3. >m-Rr fi:Tur [amdr sighJ grandson of Baba Ala Singh and the younger son of tikka (prince) Sardul Singh. He was born to Rani Hukma on Harh Badi 7 Sammat 1805 (1748 AD) and ascended the throne of Paiiala at the age of 18. He was a great soldier, expert administrator and staunchly religious person who was initiated into the Sikh faith by Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. The state of Patiala registered great progress under his reign. During 1767 AD he rescued 20,000 Sikh men and women from the clutches ofAhmad Shah Durrani and earned the popular title ofb;-jdichor (Iibrator ofcaptives). He died on Phagan Badi 8 Sammat 1838 (February 1781 AD). 2 See 2lf -&ir. 3 a scholar of Sanskrit and author of Amarkosh. 4 eldest son of Rana Partap Singh, king of Mevar. 5 See FrWa3" cr-. >m-Rr fifg' [amdr sIddhuJ A village in police
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deathlessness. "amar das amratu chatr guru station Muzang of district Lahore. About one ramhI diau."-savEye m 5. furlong east of the village is a gurdwara dedicated to Guru Hargobind who arrived l'>!}ffit!TJ1 R'f3qr~ [amardas satguru] the third preceptor of the Sikhs. He was the son ofTej here from Guru Mangat. Earl ier there used to Bhan (Tejo), a Bhalla Khatri and Mata be a simple shrine here. Now with the Sulakkhani (Lachhmi) of village Basarke. initiative of Bhai Mohan Singh Akali, Rai Born on the 14 th ofthe bright half ofthe lunar Bahadur Sir Ganga Ram constructed the well month Vaisakh, lOth Jeth Sammat 1536 of the gurdwara in Sammat 1979. There is in corresponding to 5 May 1479 AD. On 1ph the same village seventeen kanals of land in Magh Sammat 1559, he was married to Mansa the name of the gurdwara. Devi to whom were born two daughters, Bibi This is about 1.5 miles east ofKot Lakhpat Bhani and Dani, and two sons, Baba Mohan railway station. >m-rnFft [amrasi] adj of the ,colour of mango and Mohari. Amar Das became a disciple of Guru Angad Dev in Sammat 1597 and served JUice. him with so much devotion that the latter ~Tfu' [amarhrbhratr] n an illusion of immortality born out of i.gnorance. chose him as his successor on )'d Vaisakh "amarhrbhratr choQ."-BG Sammat 1609. })f}-RJq [amarak] adj immortaliser, 2 imm0l1al, Occupying the religious throne, he unextinguishable. "so dipak arnarak sasar." preached Sikhism by sending out preachers far and wide and establishing hospices! for -ram kabir. 3 See 'H"O'a". ))f}-RI" chi" [amar kO$] a dictionary corhpiled in prayers and charity. With the introduction of Sanskrit verse:s by a Jain scholar Amar Singh. meal-taking by' the congregation sitting In it, words belonging to different groups are together in a row, he eradicated differences between the high and the low castes. At listed in separate parts. Bhai Santokh Singh Amritsar, he ordered Guru Ram Das to compiled a Hindi translation ofthis dictionary for public benefit and named it Namkosh. It construct a bathing tank. He also added to contains 2044 couplets. The Bhai has not the splendour of Goindwal, made efforts for given the year of its compilation, but has help to the sick, and for general welfare got an open well constructed in Sammat 1616 quoted at the end: "jamna tat jo buria grath karan lag tahr, with 84 steps leading down to the water level an sudhasar tir par kari samapat yahr." in it. He breathed his last on Bhadon Sudi ~ [amarakh] SktfHJ>j' n lack offorgiveness; 15 th (2 Assu) Sammat 1631 (I September anger, wrath. 1574) at the age of95 years 3 months and 23 ~ [am2 rkhal).] Skt i)f1-f1'f<Y n lack of days. "guru amardas jInr sevro trnr dukh forgiveness, it:dignation. "atul amarkhal). drrdr parhar pan:."-savEye m 3 ke.. ~ [amardasr] Guru Amar Das. "guru dharamdhuje."-akal. l1IHQ3" [amrat] Skt 3111"Cf adj deathless. 2 Skt~. amardasr kartaru kiau vasr."-savEya m 4 ke. n an elixir; an immortalizing substance said l1fH6OTEI' [amarnath] a spot in Kashmir sacred to Shiv. It is a cave in a range ofthe Himalayas -to have come: from the ocean. 3 See n-rfi:r3". IS ee twenty two Manjis. ~ [amratu] Skt ~ n immortality,
I
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east of Srinagar across Vaitarani stream. There is an interstice at the top through which water drips and turns into a column of ice which the Hindus worship believing it to be the Lingam of Shiv. The place is inexcessible in winter; a fair is held on Savan Sudi 15. It is 15000 feet above sea level. 2 a village in Thana district of Bombay presidency; it has a famous Shiv temple built in Sammat 1108. Shivratri fair is held here. 3 God Indar who is master (7i'EI') of gods (>')f}Rf). ~ [~m~rp~tI] n Indar, the king of gods. ~ [~marpadarath] n spiritual knowledge. "am~rpadarath te kIrtarath."-bhEr m 1. ~ [amarpfQ] adjimmortal body like that of gods. "amarpfQ bhae sadhu sagI."-bIla a m4. ~ [a~~rpur],~ [amarpurI], ~ [~marpuri] n the city of gods. 2 the fourth spiritual stage, salvation. 3 a holy congregation. 4 Goindwal. 5 Amritsar. ~ [amarbell See f~ n dodder cascuta apidendron; a parasite plant which grows and spreads on tree branches and lives by sipping their juice, and is also called vrIk;mdni (eater of a tree). See ~. ~ [~m~r raj] n Indar, the king of gods. l')f}RRJTH ~ ORr lamar raj satrat k~r] n the arrow which killed Ravan, who was the enemy of Indar.-sanama. l')f}RI'fu [amaran] n the enemy of gods; a demon, monster. "amaran dh~rkhe lahI kar samra."-ram. 'Demons trembled on seeing the battle.' ~ [amarlok] n paradise, the land of gods. 2 the holy congregation, Sikh society. ~ [amarvaruDi] See ~. ~ [amrai] n a mango grove; a line of mango trees.
im
[amraj] A J',/I n plural of}ffijiJ', diseases. ~ [arnrMak] n >')f}Rf-l'lf3a'the killer ofgods; a demon, monster. "amratak sis ki or hua." -kacch. 'At the time of churning the ocean, the monster Vasuki turned towards Nag's head'. ~ [amrapatI] See ~. ~ [amra pad] n a stage of spiritual knowledge; state ofself-knowledge. "arnrapad pavr."-tIlag m 1. 2 adj imperishable. 3 the high spiritual status of Guru Amar Das. "amrapad guru agad hfJ."-BG ~'a' [amrapur], ~. [amrapuri] See ~. "amrapur basa k~rhu."-s kabir. 2 the congregation of Guru Amar Das. "akath katha amrapuri."-savEye m 4 ke. 3 Goindwal. ~ [amrardan] iil'->')f}Rf-R'n demons, the killers of gods. "kop ~n~k bhare amrardan an p~re karvar ughare."-carItr 52. ~ })ffu [amrardan an] gods, the enemies of the demons, who are killers of gods.-sanama. ))f}RJ'fu [~mrarI] n >')f}Rf->fu enemies of gods. ~ [amralay] n >')f}Rf-~. the house of the gods; paradise. ~ [amrav~tI], ~ [amravti] n the city ofgods; the capital ofIndar. In the Purans, its circumference is mentioned as of 800 miles, "nIrakh lak arnravatI laji."-VN 2 a town in Guntur district of Madras Presidency. It is situated on the bank of Krishna river, and was once made the capitalofAndhra by Suraj Dev, a ruler of Orissa during the 12th century. ~ [amno] adj deathless. 2 reached, arrived. "kIS jatI te kIS p~d-hI ~mno." -keda ravdas. ~ [amrik] See f~. "marida amrik chuQaIa."-BG 10. 1?O-Rfla' fi:fur [amrik SIgh] of Jambar sub-caste, a resident of village Meghiana. Baptised by Guru Gobind Singh, he displayed great
l?fHQTtr
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bravery during the battle of Anandpur. '))I}rsf [amaru], })f~ [amm] See >m-Rf. 2 short name of Guru Amar Dev. "guru amaru hi viearIa."-var ram 3. 3 a devout dIsciple of Guru Amar Dev. ~ [ammt], >1~ [amrud] P J~' jf n a fruit and its tree jamphaI; E guava, L psid!ium guajyava. In Persian both these words signify a pear, but many writers have used them for jamphal. In Arabic it is named jf?. ~11 [amres], ~Jj~ [amresur], l',ff}f6'F.[~ [amre~var] n Indar, lord of gods, also called Amritesh. ~ [amret] See 'hj3'. >m-ffi'lffift [amro bibiJ daughter of Guru Angad Dev married to Guru Amar Dev's nephew in Basarke village:. It was on hearing from her the line, "bhaIa manuru kaeanu phIrI hOVE je guru mIlE tIneha."-maru m 1, that Guru Amar Das became a devotee of Guru Angad Dev. Bibi Amro's memorial shrine is at Basarke village. See~. ~ffiJ [amratar] adj immortal, ever living. 2 god-like. "gurumukh amratar. "-BG 3 (one) who rules over his own conscience. f}R? [amaI] This word has been used for l-/O. "bhalyu amalu satguru sagI nIvasu."--savEye m 4 ke. 'Noble is the compnay of Guru Amar Dev.' 2 S n opium or any inebriant. "amlan SJ;U amlilaptaIo."-sor m 5. 3 Ski an:rc:r adj without filth; dean. "Ioean amal kamaldal jEse."-NP. 4 n mica. 5 Ski ~ soiuness, -acidity. "hanat jal ag ko amal sur rag ko." -krrsan. 'Water kills fire and sourness spoils music.' 6 adj sour, acerbic. "madhur salvan su amal bIdh pun tIkat kakhaya."-GPs. See l:fZml. 7 A f n an act, action, character. "amal jI kitI.a duni Vl:eI se dargah ogaha."-s farid. Sa rule, principle:. 9 management. 10 government, goverance. "turak pathal).i amalu kia."-var
asa. 11 pratcice. 12 A Jf hope, expectation. })f}fl?3'I}T [amaltas] a plant bearing light yellow flowers and long beanlike fruit containing pulp, medicinally used as a purgative. Its effect is warm and moist. Its name in Arabic is ~!f and in Latin Catharto carpus fistula. ~ [amaldar] P ..IfY adjan administrator, officer, a governor. ~ [amaldariJ n administration, government, rule" reign. })\')-/ffi') [amlan] ad} l')f (not)+ Hffio (dirty); not dirty. "amlan malan ehah nahidhup."-gau thIti kabir. 2 P [l.f adv practically; by implementing some rule or principle. l')f}f'W lamIa] A Jf plural of~, a team of workers; staff. 2 Skt 31l'C'fT tamarind. 3 bIj:Jri, a species of citron or lemon. ~ [amaIIt] Ski adjnot rubbed, or crushed, or split or trampil~d; uncrushed. >m-i'l'ft [amli] S an opium addict; addicted to any drug. "bInu amIE amli marIgaia."-bIla a m 4. 2 ~J'Tfi-wi. a performer of an act, or executor of an order, etc.; an official, a practitioner. See ~. 3 Skt ~ L Tamarimdus Indica, n Imli tree or its sour fruit used in sauc,es, etc. Its effect is cold and dry; if increases appetite and strengthens head and heart, and its use during cough and common cold should be avoided. ~ [amalu] See))f}-l(? l')f)1;Ii'iT [amarna] v to reach, arrive at. See l'lfrsor. l)f}{;ft [amriJ n mother. 2 adj who has reached or arrived (from the mortal world). See l?f>-SOT. l')f)-I'T lama] See >1fw. 2 Ski 3111T n noon, new moon; moonless night. :3 a house, home, residence. 41 this world, the earth. ~ [amau] Skt >mfor adj without measure, immeasurable, boundless. "uee agam amau." -majh dInrEI). m 5. 2 what cannot be contained, does not get absorbed.
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[ama!).] adjwithout pride, humble. 2 ~. which can't be weighed. 3 deathless. "sei rahe ama!). jIna satIguru bhetIa."-var maru 2 m 5. 4 n l')f}{I03". an entrusted thing. "parai ama!). kIU rakhie?"...,.var sar m 3. 5 Seel')fHT?j". ))(}f13' [amat], ~ [amaty] SkI ~ n a minister, councillor, advisor. "nnpatI amat bat mukh bhakhi."-NP. ~ [amatr] adjwithout a vowel. 2 unlimited, immeasurable. l')fHT?j" [aman] See '))f}fI(!". 2 n an insult, disrespect. "nic lie nahi man aman."-gcw kabir thIti. 3 l')f}{I03". money/object placed in trust. "avar vasatu tujh pahI aman."-asa m 5. 4 Skl3P'lFr adj immeasurable. "aman hE. "-japu. 5 humble. 6 unbelievable, unacceptable. "sune su hasy avai aman yak toria."-NP. 'Your word is unbelievable.' 7 P (;.ILl n protection. 8 protection given to jazia payers imposed upon non-Muslims during the Muslim rule. 9 See Eb-rro. >m-fT03" [amanat] A ..::.-=LI n trust money, anything entrusted to someone for safe custody. 2 protection. 3 sleep. 4 See fEHro3". 1?fH'i'j'mfF.f raman baxa~] P ~ti:JL' adj provider of refuge, saviour from suffering. ))f)-fIOT [amana] See l')fHT?j". 2 A ,.;LI trust money or anything given in trust for custody. "bEri kara!).I pap karta basatu rahi amana."-asa m 5. ))()-fTO't [amani] SkI 3111Tf.1~ adj without pride, humble. 2 renouncer of self-respect. "buri amani ritI."-GPs. l)fHI'lf [amap] adjunmeasured. 2 immeasurable. l')fW}f [amam] See l'>IH'W [amama] See fuwHr. ))f}fl1if [amay] SkI adj free from illusion. 2 wileless, guileless. l2fH1OcII" [amarag] n a wrong path, an evil course. ~ [amaragI] n on or in a wrong path or an evil course. "mar;:)gu ChOQI ;:)mar;:)gI
'))f}fI(!"
rerrn.
pa I."-bher namdev. [;:)mari] See ~. })f}{'5 ramal] See fT}fl1? ~ [amavas], ~ [amavasIa], ~ [amavsya] SkI ~ n When the moon and the sun are under the same Zodiac sign, it shows the last date of a lunar month counting the 30th of it as the terminal one. "kilT amavas sac cadrama."-var majh m 1. ";:)mavasIa cad gupat gE!).ar."-bIla thIti m 1. New moon night stands for ignorance and the moon light for spiritual knowledge. ~ [amava!).], ~ [amavan] adj which cannot be contained. 2 beyond measure, uncountable. See ~. ~ [;:)mIU], ~ [;:)mIo], llffi.I>,r [amI;:)] SkI ~ n an elixir, ambrosia (P abehayat). "amIU hanr;:)s coIa."-bIha chat m 5. "amIa saravro piu h;:)n han nama."-bIha ch:'Jt m 5. ~ [amIadnsatI] n a life-providing glance, compassionate look. "amI;:)dansatI subh karE hare ;:)gh."-savf:ye m 2 ke. ~ [amIk], ~ [amIka] adj matchless, immutable, second to none. 2 SklWJ!fi adjthat one, so-and-so. 3 SkI ~ adj safe and sound. ~ [amIt] ad} ineradicable, inadvertent. ~ [amIt], rf'H3'r [amIta] adj dateless; limitless, boundless. ~ [amItoj] SkI ~adjwhosestrength is boundless. "amItoj kahIjje."-japu. ~ [;:)mItopsa]l'>ffi.rg--~. See ~ and l'>ffi.rg-. l?ffi.r3m.Ir [amI topma] l'>Ifi.r3"-~. ~ [amrtr] n not a friend; an enemy. ~ [amIy] See llffi.I>,r. l7ffi.R;r [amII] adjseparate, incompatible. "amII jan kardayo hatavan."-GPs. >m-ft [ami] See llffi.I>,r. ~ lamia] a devotee belonging to Hehar sub-caste who became a disciple of the sixth
~
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185 4 during the next birth or life between death Guru and displayd great valour during the and the next birth. battles of Amritsar and Kartarpur. ~ [Clmiala] adj where ambrosia is l'>Il::fl? [amul], ~ [amulak], JoifJ:f1')T [amula], available. 2 n the moon; a ray of nectar. ~ [amulik] Skt ~ adj priceless, invaluable. "amul bhaI amula samahI."-jdpU. "cClrClnkClmClI sitClI Clmiale."-BG ~ [Clmi~ah] a village in police station "amulik lal Ihu ratan."-sukhmani. "harI ap Khalra in Lahore district which was visited amulClk h mulI na paIa jaI."-anJdu. by Guru Nanak Dev. A gurdwara of hard >mj [amu] See >mi. 2 A yf a paternal uncle. bricks was raised here in Sammat 1978. The ~ [ClmuQ-h] adj not foolish, wise. village has donated 25 bighas of land to it; l'>fl;f63' [amurat], ~ [amuratI] Skt~-~ the priest is an Udasi Sikh. This place is. 13 adjformless, shapeless. 2 n the sky. 3 the soul. miles south-west of lallo railway station. 4 the air. 5 direction. 6 the transcendent one. iHlcr [Clmik] A J! adjdeep, bottomless, "amik nj1? [amul] adj rootless, groundless. 2 See hE."-japu. ~. ~ u- [Clmikul Ima hj -japu. 'has >m;fffiI' [amuly] ad} priceless, invaluable. deep faith; is d,eeply religious.' ~ [Clmurh] See ~. )}f}.fto [Clmin] A ~" adjhonest to a deep religious nf{t [ameu] Skt nftif adj beyond measure; faith. 2 n an official of revenue depmtment unlimited, boundless. "nanak apI ameu hE." who measures land and makes estimate of the --var bIha m 3. 2 which is not contained. produce. See fssrffi. nfR [amej] See nrHF.L "bhojan meve amej karae."-NP. 'with fruit served food'. ~ [amingarh] Skt ~ 110' an old village on a mound between Thanesar and >mfc [amet] adjindelible, firm. 2 ineradicable, Taravari where Abhimanyu fell as a martyr. impersishable. At this place, a raging battle was fought iHoo [amethan], 'IJfoor [amethna] Skt~;:r between the Khalsa and the royal army during v to twist, rotate. "satpat bthat bhuja the time of Banda Bahadur on 11 Maghar amthat."-NP. 2 to take airs. "Eth-hI Eth Sammat 1767 (November 1710 AD.) amth gavavE."-cdrItr 266. >m-ire: [amir] A,/-" n a sovereign, king. 2 a chief. iH3' [amet] adjboundless. "abha amet."-ddtt. 3 a rich man. 4 adjwho gives orders. 5 title of >mfq [amedh], >mf!lJT [amedhy] Skt ~ adj the ruler of Afghanistan; the present AmiI' not worthy of sacrifice. 2 impure. 3 n an Amanullah however calls himself a king. impure substance. 4 adj without intellect, l'>IlfRft [amiri] P J,/-'I n sovereignty, mastery, brainless, foolish. "se apClvItr amedh khala." affluence, liberality. -var gdU 1 m 4. >mi [Clmu] 'Skt pran your, to you. iHtif [amey] See l~. ))fl:fUT [amuhal adj renegade, apostate. iH'l'ft [ameli] adj unsocial, uncooperative. 2 imperious, intractable. See nfl.:.mr. 2See~. l)flj'Q [amuk] Se(~ ~ 2. f}fur [amogh] Skt adj who does not fail; >mjCil3" [amukat] adj not free, bound. 2 See~. unfailing, successful. "amogh darsan beat l')f)fif [amutr] Skt adv in the other world. apara."-majh m 5. 2 sure, unfailing. 3 n 2 there, at that place. 3 here, at thiis place. Vishnu. 4 Shiv. 5 Satguru.
rew
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See >nI1j3' ~. 3 water. 4 ghee, purified is not fruitless. See l?fJfur. 2 n Guru Nanak Dev, butter. 5 milk. 6 wealth. 7 liberation, the true preceptor. salvation. 8 a tasty juice. "jIh prClsadI ChCltih nrih? [amol], ~ [amolak] See }ff}jC'). "guD ClmrIt khahI."-sukhmClni. See 68t<:r l?ffl:ro. 9 Clmol jISU rIde na vasIa."-sor m 5. god. 10 soul. 11 mercury. 12 corn. 13 ajuicy ~ fi:fur [amolClk sIgh] a valiant Sikh of Of delicious food. 14 a medicine that heals. Guru Gobind Singh, martyred during the 15 adj alive, not dead. 16 beautiful, lovely. battle of Chamkaur. ~ [ClmrItsClr] With permission from Guru ~ [Clmolva], tJfw [Clmola], rH-m [Clmoli] Amar Das, Guru Ram Das got a tank dug near See }ff}jC'). "ClgClm amola ClpClr Clpar."-bhlor m Tung, Gumtala and Sultanwind villages, 5. 2 without price, priceless. "kClrI dino jClgClt which was completed by Guru Arjun Dev in sClbh gol amoli."-gClu purbi m 4. 'enslaved Sammat 1645 and named Santokhsar. without recompense.' Again as directed by the third Guru, a >m-for [Clmak] adj which causes fear and disease. village named Guru ka Chakk was established See }ff}jC'). 2 n vice, sin. "Clmaka kClt1a."-NP in Sammat 1631 and residences known as "gag tarag amakan bhag."-NP Guru ke Mahal built and to the east of them l?I1-forg [Clmagal] n opposite of}i(m;); lack ofbl iss near Dukh Bhanjani Beri a tank was got dug and prosperity; misfortune. 2 castor oil plant. in Sammat 1634 which remained, incomplete 3 adj inauspicious, evil. then. 1 >mfu' [Clmaq], ~ [ClmaqCln], ~ [Clmada] Guru Arjan Dev, on ascending the Guru's Skt ~ adj undecorated inelegant. "jotI throne, started completing the village and the Clmada bhanu prClbha."-VN 'The shine of the tank and called upon traders and workers from sword excels the brilliance of the sun.' 2 Skt far and wide to settle there, and named the 31T1'fU6 adj radiant, very pretty, glorious. "jCll settlement as Ramdaspur. Bhai SaIo's services thCll Clmad."-japu. in populating this sacred city were >m8 [Clmat] Skt ~ adj unadvised, without commendable. Paving of the tank began in counsel. 2 unaware. 3 an invitation. See~. Sammat 1643 when it was named Amritsar. 2 "sabh ko dClya Clmat pukari."-NP Slowly the entire settlement came to be known ~ [Clmatu] See >m8. 2 Skt ~ n a call, by this name. On 1 Magh Sammat 1645, the an invitation. "sClbhIn amatu dina khyati."-NP fifth Guru laid the foundation of Harimandir >m-f't: [Clmad] adj not bad; good. 2 not dull; in the middle of the tank and, after the smart. 3 adv at once, soon. "rIde vIcaryo completion ofthe mansion, placed Guru Granth cCllCln amad."-GPS. Sahib in it in Sammat 1661. In Amritsar the })f}\'or [Clmana] A ~f n protection, care. 2 fearprincipal shrine is Harimandir (God's house or lessness. 3 truth. 4 confidence, surety, certainty. temple) where hymns to the Almighty are "ClsbIdhI bIn mClm nClhi Clmana."-NP IGuru Ram Das first settled near the tank in about 1574 >nI1j3' [ClmrIt] Skt ~ n a drink that keeps and obtained a grant for the site with 500 bighas'ofland from Akbar in 1577 (Imperial Gazetteer of India). death away; nectar, ambrosia. 2 potion sanctified by Guru Gobind Singh and served 'The Sarovar (tank) is 500 feet long, 490 feet wide and to Sikhs on their initiation into the Khalsa. 17 feet deep.
~ [Clmogh dClrSCln] adjwhose glimpse
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(~l
khalsa kalrj
naksa amrItsar
nasan gurdvara ----
c ,
plppli sahIb
relve lain
~'
'-0
MA~
OF AMRITSAR
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continuously recited. The annual Baisakhi fair was initiated by the fifth Guru himself and Baba Buddha started the Divali fair in celebration of Guru Hargobind's return from the Gwalior fort. During Phagun Sammat 1818, Ahmad Shah Durrani got Harimandir blasted the tank with gun powder and filled with earth. Foundation for its rebuilding was laid by Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia on 11 til Vaisakh Sammat 1821 and the complex was rebuilt with in a few years through the efforts Bhai Des Raj. Water for the tank comes through a hash (narrow canal) constructed by Udasii saints, Pritam Das and Santokh Das, in Sammat 1838 with the help of the villagers. It brought water from river Ravi but now since 1923 it is brought from the Bari Doab canal and put into the hash. Maharaja Ranjit Singh occupied this holy city in Sammat 1859 and decorated Harimandirwith gold and marble. He also got built Rambag garden in the name of Guru Ram Das, and Gobindgarh fort in the name of Guru Gobind Singh during 1805-09 AD. On the road to Lahore, the Khalsa College was built by the Panth (Sikh community) in 1892 AD.2
lThe circumambulatory passage ofHarimandir is 13 feet wide and the length of each side is 66 feet. The passage of the bridge from Darshani Deori to Harimandir is 240 feet long and 21 feet wide and is supported by 38 vaults. 'The foundation of Khalsa College was laid by the Governor of Punjab, Sir lB. Lyall, on March 5. 1892. On April 12, 1904, a huge conference was organised by Maharaja Sir Hira Singh, the ruler of the Nabha State under his own chairmanship in which representatives of the Sikh States took part alongwith Sir Charles M. Rivaz, the then Governor of Punjab. A large sum of money was collected and donated to bring the college on finn footing. The government ofPunjab and the Sikh States rendered a lot of monetary help to this institution.
This sacred city is 33 miles from Lahore, 1232 miles from Calcutta, 1260 miles from Bombay and 816 miles from Karachi. According to the last census, the population ofAmritsar city is 1,60,218 including 65,313 Hindus, 71,180 Muslims, 21,474 Sikhs, 1,446 Christians, 5 Buddhists, 738 Jains and 54 Parsis (Persian Zoroastrians). There are four more sacred tanks in Amritsar: (a) Santokhsar named after a Sikh, Santokha of Peshawar, was completed by Guru Arjan Dev, though its construction was started by Guru Ram Das. See qrg ~ 'lJ01if orft:r 2, a 12 and 13. (b) Kaulsar was got built by Guru Hargobind in Sammat 1684 in Kaulan's memory. (c) Bibeksar was got built by Guru Hargobind in Sammat 1685 outside the city as a residence for a rationalist Sikh sect, Bibeki Bihangams. (d) Ramsar was got buiIt by Guru Arj an Dev in Sammat 1659-60. It was here, seated on the bank of the tank, that the Guru composed Sukhmani as well as compiled Guru Granth Sahib. Other gurdwaras and sacred spots in Amritsar are: (l) Akal Takhat. See ~ ~dJT. (2) DehraAtal Rai on the bank ofKaulsar; attached to it are 91 shops and 42 kanals of land in Sultan village and a 58 ghumaons hunting ground reserved in Amritsar tehsil (subdivision). Se:e ~ <:J'l'fu m. (3) Athsath Tirath. See IC5Rf'o 3Tal:f. (4) Dharamsala Bhai Salo known as Bhai Salo's Tobha. Here Guru Arjan Dev held congregation on several occasions. See~. (5) Har Ki Pauri (lit. God's ladder) behind
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the Harimandir. Guru Arjan Dev started the excavation of the tank from this point, by taking the first palmful of its water from here. (6) Guru ke Mahal, residential quarters of the Guru, first got built by Guru Ram Das and completed by Guru Arjan Dev. It is now known as Manji Sahib where Guru Granth Sahib is always placed ready for recitation. Guru Hargobind lived here, and Guru Teg Bahadur was born at this place. (7) Churasti Atari (a mansion with four ways) at the end of the main street inside the city is a gurdwara in the name of Guru Hargobind near the Guru's residence. The Guru would often come and sit here. Now a small gurdwara with Guru Granth Sahib placed in it is at the corner ofthe street. A festive gathering is held in it on the first and fifth lunar date. (8) Tahli Sahib is a gurdwara dedicated to Guru Ram Das near Santokhsar tank, to the northwest of it. After Guru Amar Das ordered the construction ofa tank, Guru Ram Das used to sit here under a tahli (Indian rosewood) tree to supervisethe digging. I That tree is still there. It is a small gurdwara with shops attached to it. It is looked after by an Akali Sikh. An annual fair is held here on the first of Phagun. (9) Thara Sahib (platform) is on the circumambulatory passage of Darbar Sahib, close to Dukhbhanjani Beri. Like the adjacent gurdwara, it is dedicated to Guru Amar Das and Guru Arjan Dev. Both of them used to sit here supervising the digging of the tank. Maharaja Ranjit Singh got the place paved with baked bricks. (10) Thara Sahib II is a gurdwara near Takhat Akal Bunga. It is dedicated to Guru Teg Bahadur. When he came from Baba
IThe digging of this tank was completed under the supervision of Guru Arjan Dev.
Bakala to pay obeisance at Darbar Sahib, the priest denied him entry and locked the door fearing that he might occupy it. Five shops and 21 kanalland in Sultanwind village are attached to it. An annual fair is held on the full moon of Magh, and the death anniversary of Guru Teg Bahadur is observed. (11) Damdama Sahib to the north-east of the city near the cattle market is also a shrine of Guru Teg Bahadur, who stayed here for some time after leaving Thara Sahib. Since Sammat 1961 a beautiful gurdwara of baked bricks has been under construction here by Bhai Sant Singh, a lime merchant ofAmritsar; residential quarters are in the vicinity. The gurdwara has no landed property. It is one furlong to the west of the railway line and about two miles to the north-east of Amritsar railway station. It can be seen while travelling by train. (12) Darshani Deodhi (entrance porch) near Guru Bazar inside the city is a gurdwara of Guru Arjan Dev. This was got constructed by him as a portico to Ramdaspur. At that time there was no populated area between it and Darbar Sahib except Guru ka Bazar. It is a small gurdwara with a single priest. Here Guru Granth Sahib is always kept ready for recitation. (13) Dukhbhanjani Beri Uujube tree, the eradicator of sorrow) is a shrine within the circumambulatory passage of Darbar Sahib. Here a leper got healthy after having a dip in the tank. This gurdwara gets an annual grant of24 rupees from Maharaja of Nabha. It is a small shrine with Guru Granth Sahib kept ready for recitation. (14) Pipali Sahib situated on Amritsar Lahore road about one and a half mile north west of Darbar Sahib, is dedicated to Guru Arjan Dev who reached here to greet the
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the following relics are kept in the house of sangat of Kabul coming to participate in the Bhai Ram Saran and Bhai Gyan Chand digging of the tank. Once Guru Hargobind also came here. It is a small shrine. A Brahmins: These were btlstowed upon their ancestor congregational fair is held here: on Basant by Guru Hal' Rai : (1) Guru Hal' Rai's asa, Panchami. 5.75 feet long, bestowed upon Bhai Harra, (15) Bel' Baba Buddha ji is within the by Guru Hal' Raii. (2) Guru Gobind Singh's circumambulatory passage ofDarbar Sahib is long loose gown arid a pair of shoes bestowed where the savant sat with digging implements on Bhai Natthu son ofBhai Harra at Anandpur. and made baskets and distributed them to workers engaged in the actual digging, ~ 'J:fRaro [Clmnt saskar] This is the second main ceremony of the Sikhs performed as supervised them, made payment to artisans under: and disbursed wages to the labourers. In a congregation with Guru Granth Sahib (16) Manji Sahib in Guru ka Bag is near open and present there, five sword bearing Darbar Sahib where during the digging operation, Guru Arjan Dev held congregation. Singhs (duly baptised and practising the The gurdwara consists only of a cot (maji) on tenets) selected for their perfect conduct, sit in a particular posture, virasCln, around a steel a high pedestal. The marble dome-shaped pavilion was presented by the Deputy trough in which with a double-edged steel Commissioner Mr Cooper who had brought it dagger, khanda, they churn in turn water from Ram Bag after the mutiny of 1857. sweetened with pCltasas. 2 They keep on (17) Lachi Beri near Darshani Gate is Bhai reciting Japu Ji, Jap Sahib, Saviyas, Chaupei Salo's jujube tree. Sitting here he would and Anand, after which they do Clrdas, the supervise the work going on. The fruit of this supplicatory prayer, and then administer amrit beri is sweet like a litchi. Hence this name is thus prepared to those eager to take it one by given to this gurdwara. Guru Arjan Dev also one in turn. spent some time here. I The person eager to be baptised should (18) Fort Lohgarh is inside the Lohgarh have taken a bath and put on clean clothes. gate. Guru Hargobind got this fI)rt built for While amrit is beiing prepared, he should keep the protection of the city, and he fought a standing and continue repeating the name of defensive battle: here against the Mughal army Vahguru, with mind concentrated on Him. in Sammat 1686. Some traces of the fort are For taking amrit, he too sits in viraSCln still visible. Ajujube tree ofthat period is also posture. He is given five palmfuls of amrit to drink, then five palmfuls of it are sprinkled to be found there. Guru Granth Sahib is installed here, and a 2.5 feet long sword is 2It has come to be known from the aged Baba Nihal Singh preserved that is said to have belonged to Guru Ji and Bibeka Singh Ji that Guru Gobind Singh Sahib Hargobind. did not use patasas on 1st Baisakhi 1756 in Keshgarh (19) In Thakurdwara lane of Fort Bhangis, and the story of Mata Sundri mixing patasas on that
IThe aged Singhs tell that the valiant defender ofthe faith, Matab Singh, had tied his horse under this tree before beheading Massa Ranghar. day is a fiction. The practice ofmixing patasas with water started later in Delhi after Mata Sundri ordered Bhai Mani Singh to do so.
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on his eyes and another five palmfuls are ~ ~ [amnt gUD] adj salvation providing sprinkled in his hair. The remaining amrit is trait. circulated in the same trough to all the eager ~ UlG [amn t ghat] a pot of nectar. 2 a four ones to sip from the same pot in turn. With line matnk metre, each line having 29 matras each palmful of amrit given to him to drink with pauses at the 16 th and the subsequent 13 th or sprinkled on his eyes or in hair, the taker matra. of it is made to repeat aloud "vahguru ji ka Example: khalsa, vahguru ji ki fateh." Ifhis earlier name ram jana mIlI bhaIa l anada, was not given to him from Guru Granth Sahib, hdn niki katha suna I , a fresh one is now given from this Scripture. durmatI mElu gai sabh nikalI, After this the baptised ones are imparted satsagatI mIlI budhI paI. ...-ram m 4. instruction about the conduct of the Khalsa ~ i'!'1'? [amnt jal] n water, animated by the to be henceforth practised by them. The Guru's words, renders to the ceremony of the neophytes are made to dine together in the Khalsa the power of immortal ising the same vessel in order to remove any idea of recipient. 2 the name of God. 3 water of the sacred tank of Amritsar. caste and subcaste. The same procedure applies in the case of >m1:r3' 'QTij" [ amn t d h ar], mf3" "QTiJT [ amn t women. To set a different procedure for them dhara] n unbroken concentration on God. would be a sacrilege against 'gunnat'. 2 as believed by the followers ofYog, flow of elixir in the forehead is caused with the force ~ W1? [dmnt kal] See ~ ~. of praDa yam (restraining breath). It is also ~ i'fm [dmnt kOQli] See 3J.Rr k tT 21.f 3. known as amnt varuDi (spiritual liquor) 3 a ~ m [dmnt gdtI] a matnk and vdrDIk metre characterized by a stanza offour lines, medicine prepared by mixing sap of parsley, each line having 12 matras, ending in III mint and camphor taken in equal measures. It is a very good drug to cure ailments of the combination. stomach. Example: sumdtI mdha nkhI rdghuvdr. ~ [amntdhari] adj (a Sikh) who has taken amrit by undergoing the baptismal dOddbhI bajdt ddr ddr. ceremony. 2 a river ofelixir. 3 a flow of elixir. jdg ki dSU dhunI ghdr ghdr. 4 a melody sung in God's praise. 5 a spiritual pur rdhi dhunI surpur.-ramav. discourse. See ~. 2 Its second form is tvant gdtI which has four lines each structured as: III, 151, III, S. rfii3' yfo [amn t dhunI], rfii3' 1Jfo [amn t dhvanI] Skt ~ !:Rf.1 melodious singing of Example: sumatI maha munI sUluye, God's praise. 2 a matnk metre, having six lines, the first two lines forming a couplet, tan man f?ri nIj gunIye, each of the remaining four lines having 24 man mah hoy su kaluye, matras each with a pause after every eighth dhdn sab apan lahIye.-ram c;'}drrka. syllable; the initial phrase comes at the end 3 In its third form there are ten characters in of the last line and the last phrase of the each line, fifth and tenth ones being guru. This characteristic applies to the second form as well. 'It is pronounced bhdya here.
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kine an rO<;l mO<;l rudr ras bharyo jhO<;l couplet comes at the beginning ofthe thirclline. ph::>jan sudharan me bir ras kino hE, This form is used in heroic poetry as well. <;lak sun lak bhaybhit satru bam nf'da Example: vIkram prabal adbhut ras lino hE, thai thai dal khalbhal paryo, brahmgyan sam ras amnt vuajE sada bth ulatth palatth, / f?ri guru gobf'd raI navo ras bhino hE. jasvari ko phuat hE, hathi hatth pramatth, - / pnthme hE jayo prIthu ben nnp IE khIlayo hatth prematthath, thakIt na patthath, cum cum mukh dE dadhicI sukh dina hE, thIt jahI juthatth, / thai thai guthatth, thuat na sathatth, balI raj man bhayo han cad IE la<;layo calan sIkhayo kal kara!). prabino hE, thar thar guthatth, / thakat na kIthatth, thu thu cItthath, vIkram pa<;lhayo bhoj bhoj;m karayo jag dey pahuayo jag abhIlakh lino hE, bapu uplatthath, / thunyan matthath, thakat partthath, f?ri guru gobf'd raI amnt SUdnf?tI hi te mal dal thai thal.-GPS. tr to pratIpal clutIpal 'jas' kino hE. ~ ~ [amrIt vela] 11 early morning nffi:r3" o"lo [amnt nir] See nffi:r3" ~. rfi:3' ~ [amnt phal] Skt 11 a mango. 2 a comprising 90 minutes before the appearance custard apple. 3 a banana.4 a grape. 5 a pt~ar. of dawn. 2 time of salvation, heavenly time. 6 a pomegranate. 7 adjjuicy fruit. "bar:l tn!). ~ [amnta] Skt 3l1flT 11 a creeper plant, gilo; tnbhava!). maul I a amn t phal pai. "-bas~)t var. Menispermum glabrum. 2 myrobalan. 3 fruit nffi:r3" 'If-e- [amnt bOd] 11 a drop of rain falling of piper longum, magh pIpali. 4 dubb, in a particular lunar mansion. 2 rain of God's Panicum detylon. 5 rasSt, a dried extract of name. "han amnt bOd suhav!).i mIlI sadhu the barbery root. pavi!).haru."-baramaha majh ~ [amntasu] Skt ~ whose rays have nffi:r3" ~ [amnt raI], nffi:r3" 010f [amnt ray] amrit (nectar); the moon. a poet in the COllJi of Guru Gobind Singh. He ~ ~ [amnta mnt] adjwhich lends taste to elixir; quintessence of nectar. "amntamnt was the son of Chhailrai Bhatt of Lahore. At the instance of the Guru, he translated the hE. "-japu. court-chapter of Mahabharat into Hindi verse. l?Ifl:r31;r [amnte$] 11 god, the master of nectar. Here is his translation: 2 Guru Gobind Singh. manhar ~ [amrItodbhav] adj born from nectar. jahi or jail atI adar taM te pau, 211 Amritsar, the pilgrimage centre. See~. ~ [amntyu] adj deathless, immortal. tere gun gan ko agau gane f?ef? ju, hir cir mukta je dIn pratI dan det, ))fljf lay] Skt ~ vr to go, run. 2 Skt ~11 fire. 3 iron. "banhI hem ay paras sath."-GPS. 4 a tInE dekh dekh abhIlakhat dhanef? ju, weapon. "ay dharan hE. "-kalki. gunIl1 me guni kavI amnt pa<;lhEya tero, jdb InE hero pyar kijE amref? ju, IliIR [ayas] Skt ~, 11 opprobrium. 2 adj f?ri guru gobf'd sf'gh chirnIdhI par bhai, infamous, ignominous. kiratI tIhari tumE kahIkE sades ju. ~ [ayaskat] Skt ~ 11 a magnet. See pnya prem so sf'gari hasy so vInod bhari ~mx. dinan pE karu!).anusari sukh dino hE, ~ [aydaha] See'l'>lttt'<JT.
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})fliJO[<Jy<Jn] SkI n a house, home, place of unworthy, improper. 2 worthless, unintelligent. residence. 2 a period of six months; the ~ [dyodh<Jn] SkI ~. n a battle, war. movement respectively of the sun to the north 2 a battlefield. 3 See ~. and the south of the equator.! 3 a route, path. l'>Irlttr.iJ [<Jyodhy] adj which cannot be won, 4 See~. which cannot be fought against. ~urr [<Jya] A UI( adj clear, wide, free from fiitu:;rr [dyodhyaF a principal town ofKaushal delusion or illusion. country on the bank ofSaryu river in Faizabad ))f'liI'1'Ff [<Jyas] SkI n an endeavour, effort. 2 adj district of United Provinces. It is counted untiring. 3 A J!( a sensualist, philanderer. among the seven sacred cities of the Hindus. l'>tlil":CJT [<Jyac] T i~' n a cup, especially of wine. Ram Chandar was born here and it was for a 2 SkI without a religious sacrifice. long time the capital ofthe Suryavanshi kings. ~ [<Jyad] SkI ~,adjwho does not beg; Balmik has written that it was founded by contented. Manu and that it was 12 yojan long and 2 ))ftiJ1Otf [<Jyamp] n state of ignorance, stupidity. yojan wide. There are three gurdwaras in ))fliI'T(")T [<Jyana] adj ignorant, unwise, stupid. Ayodhya. "nahI ram <Jyana."-asa kabir. 2 n a child. (a) Guru Nanak Dev's, gurdwara, not well})ftiIT)f [dyam] A (~Iplural ofiih-r (day). known now. })jlllldlrOf.l [<JyardanI~] See n1~F'5.Ci:1'lM. 2 See (b) Guru Teg Bahadur's gurdwara near l?forro. Dashrath's memorial shrine on the bank of Saryu river. })jtifTl? [dya1] P J~' n the mane of a horse or a lion. 2 A J!( n family. 3 progeny. 4 one (c) a gurdwara near Vashishth kund where Guru responsible for bringing up; a servant etc. Gobind Singh stayed for a while on his way ~ [dyali] See l'ifFlTffi. from Patna to Punjab. l1fft;r [dyI] SkI part a pol ite word for addressing >$tfo [dyonI] adj un50rn, not liable to birth and death. 2 n God. ! he!. })jljj' [<Jya] SkI pron this. ~ [<JyUkdt] SkI ~ adj unsuitable, unfit. l?forro [<Jyyar] A j~ clever, smart. 2 deceitful, 2 not joined, separate. ~ [dyUt] SkI n ten thousand. "dYUt bdrdkh its root is ~Q, (horse-trot). trete cIt dhdrhi."-NP. })jQ [dr] part a conjunction; and. See)j.@". 2 SkI ~ [<Jyudhya] See fiitu:;rr. 3R n the spoke of a wheel. 3 a corner. 4 moss, fungus. 5 some ignorant writers have used fij" ~ [dyoauEl a combination of vowels f~-~-})j'-f: for practising children by rote instead ofl11tT in Sastarnammala. For example - "<Jr <JnujdnI ni." (page 941) instead of "dj learning. Similarly the Guru's dictum. "<JyoaD sdbh jdg aIa kakh ghaU ka1 bhdIa."-asa pati dnujdnIni." 6 obstinacy, stubbornness. 7 obstruction, disturbance. "kfh SIkh ko kardj m3. dr jaI."-GPs. ~ [dYOg] Skt n separation, difference. 2 a wrong time, bad time. 3 See IiiioTJr. nRIR [drd~] A J/ n a throne. 2 God's throne. 3 a paradise, the world of gods. "xudavad ~ [<Jyogy] SkI adj unsuitable, unfit,
ISummer solstice (from 10 Poh to 9 Harh) and winter solstice (from 10 Harh to 9 Poh). 2From Ayodhya. the word Avadh came into being for the areas extending beyond the city into the countryside.
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metaphysics and other topics are the goals scholars aspire for. They decorate the libraries of rich persons. 7~npiles. In Europe, Aristotle is known as the master RJR'Y ~ [aras-hu kuras-hu], >?-RTR" ~ [aras of the wise. His books have been translated kuras] See~. in to almost all European languages, and ~ [arastu], ~~ [arastti] ~ .11 E Aristotle G Aristoteles, one ofthe ancient philosophers students need to study them with diligence for selection to higher posts and positions in of Greece, born in 384 BC at the new Greek universities and academies. Aristotle died in settlement of Stagira. His father Nicomachus 322 BC. at the ag(~ of 62 years. "bol arastti was the royal physician. Aristotl,e lost his matr vIcryo."-carItr 217. parents while still young. At the age of 17, he reached the Greek capital Athens, became a })ffi}lT [arsa] A -"'/ n a period, timpe span, duration. 2 delay. 3, a plain, an open ground. pupil of Plato and received education th(:re for 20 years. After the death of Plato, he left l)ffiFfT3" [arsat] See ~ tT ~ 12. Athens and went to his friend Hermius who ffiUG [arhat] Skt l?f<Rtl'c n a persian wheel; a was an independent ruler of Attornius. Here circular appliance for lifting water from a well. he married Pythia, the sister of King Hennius. After some time Hermius got caught in the ~ [arhar] n a type of grain/lentil. designs laid by the Persians, and Aristotle ~3' [arhat] See )~3'. "dhar arhat dey ko rupa."-arhat. alongwith his wife went to Mitilini. After two years he was sent for by King Philipposl of l')f'ijq [arak] Skt 3T9f. vr to heat up, admire. 2 Skt Macedonia and appointed tutor of his son 3l"'i n the sun. "kamal badan praci dISI jIh ko yak arak parmana."-NP. 3 for. a wild plant, Alexander. Aristotle stayed at this honorable Calotropis. "arak javas pat bIn bhaIu."-tulsi. post for eight years. When Alexander left for 4 Indar. 5 copper; 6 fire. 7 a pandit, scholar. Asia with the aim of conquering the world, Aristotle went to Athens where he taught 8 elder brother. 9 twelve (because the suns are believed to be twelve in number) 10 A philosophy at th,e Lycium for 13 years. He 13/ perspiration, sweat. 11 sap flowing from used to teach while walking around with his a pipe. 12 essence, quintessence. pupils, for which they came to be known as l')f'ijq 1J'3' [araksut], l'>faCil'FI' [arkaj] n son of the peripatetics. sun; Dharamraj; the god of death. 2 Saturday. Aristotle wrote celebrated treatises on 3 Karan. 4 Sugriv. different subjects. According to one writer he wrote 1000 treatises. 2 His books, accepted in l')f'ijq wfeW [arak ba(iIya] P iJ~J~ J/ n aniseed Corpus Aristotelicum as authentic, prove that water. It has the same properties as aniseed. he was really a wonderful man. His books on See Ft'G. logic, ethics, politics, economics,poetics, ~ [arkan] See '~. rhetoric, natural history of animals, physics, nreoit [arki] adj pertaining to the sun; of the sun. 2 n son of the sun, Saturn. 3 Yam, the lSee~. 'See Zeller's Aristotle: and the Earlier Peripatetics Vol I, god of death. 4 Sel~ ~ 3. ~ [arkhan] See~. 2 Skt~. order P.49. baX$ad 0 $ ara$."-jafar. 4 the sky. 5 a roof, ceiling. 6 Skt 3'R"B adj without sap, tasteless.
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or gradation of saint-scholars.
~ [arkheul Skt~nthe conduct of saint-
scholars. "gurumukh as nrras matr arkheu hE."-BG 1II"R"Gf HB. })fffiJJ'RT [argajal n a scented product prepared by mixing odorous substances for rubbing on the body so as to render it fragrant. "mrrg mad g;Jfa eoa eadan kusum dal sagal sugadhr kE argaja subas hE."-BGK. 'Musk, gloss of musk, perfume, sandalwood, saffron and rosepetals are ingredients of argaja.' ~ [argall, })RJ(JJW [argalal Skt wfm n a wooden bolt attached to the inner side of a door to work as a locking system. 2 a click or pawl. 3 according to books on magic, the act of stopping by means of a charm or spell. See
am.
~ [argail Pkt
n silence. "jyo tag age ag
argai."-NP 'as an ignorant person gets mute in front of a metaphysician.' 'RJOI'TOT [arganal Pkt v to get silent, become mute. ~ [argarl, ~ [aragaral adj rfu-~. the destroyer of the enemy. RJUf [araghl Skt fUf n a libation, offering, worship. 2 price, cost. 3 water, milk, kusha (soft grass), curd, mustardseed, rice and barley, which are offered to the god. 4 the act of giving water to the god. 5 a pot made in the shape of cow's ear for offering water to the god. 6 a jewel. "aragh garabh nrrp trryan ko bhed na payo jar."-eantr 1. 'The secret ofjewels (their exact spot in sea), what is there in the womb, the mystery of the king and the woman cannot be known' . ))RJUIT [arghal See 1lfOUf 5. l'>RltJ [arae] Skt 3T{ vr to worship, serve, honour, spruce, praise, establish. >mrtlO' [are;ml, Rft3T [areal Skt ~;or, ~ n worship. 2 respect. See nrotr vr. "puja area
ahr na tori."-guj ravdas. [;marl Skt 3fClTIf adjfit to be worshipped. 2 honourable; worthy of esteem. "agar di rkk arear pagar di puja jab kupp-hr. "-paras. 'when honourable worship gives rise to anger'. ~ [araerl Skt ~ n a ray. 2 a flame. ~ ~ UIfu [am: kE gharrl in the company of woshippers. "areE kE gharr rahE udas, pareE kE gharr karE nrvas."-ratanmala. 'Getting . tired of worldly people, a spiritual person puts up with seekers of divine knowledge.' ~ [arehenl adj rfu-~. destroyer of enemies. "arehen ben maha bali."-ben. })RIi1 [arajJ Skt 3T'i[ vr to produce, collect, earn prepare, strive. 2 A J/ n a request, supplication. "yak araj guphtam pes to." -tI15g m 1. 3 breadth. 4 P }1;'; longing, aspiration. "saea araju saci ardas."-asa m 1. S (;,11 rate. 6 price, value. 7 admiration. ~ [arajda$tl P ~IJJ / n an application; a written request. See ~. RIHO [arjanl Sktitl?l n earning See n1tf vr. 2 collecting. "sri arjan arjan kari arjan bani jES."-PP 3 Skt'Y;fffo. an evergreen hard wood tree also called jamala, flowering during March-April, also named L TerminaliaArjuna. 4 middle brother of the Pandavas, who was an unrivalled archer of his era. According to the Mahabharat, he was born to Kunti as a result of her union with Indar. In the forty fourth chapter ofVirat section, it is mentioned that he was named Arjun because of his transparent actions. In Dasam Granth, Arjun is mentioned as the twenty second incarnation: katha brrddh kas karo vreara? barsvo arjan avtara.-nar. 5 Sahasar Bahu, son of Kritviray, also called Sahasararjun. He was a famous king of the Haihay dynasty. See H()/jii!'Q and ~~. 6 a white oleander. 7 a peacock. 8 Indar. 9 the
l1RltJTO
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199 fifth Guru of the Sikhs, Arjan Dev, son ofGuru Ramdas and Bibi Bhani, was born on 19 Vaisakh (vaisakh Vadi 7) Sammat 1620 (15 April 1563 AD) at Goindval. all 23 Harh Sammat 1636, he was married to Ganga Devi daughter ofKishan Chand of village Mau. She gave bilih to their brave son Guru Hargobind. Guru Arjan Sahib sat on the pontifical throne on 2 Assu Sammat 1638 (1 September 1581 AD) He preached the Sikh faith in a very effective manner and framed the rule for contributing one tenth of one's honourably earned income to the common cause. In Sammat 1645 he got Santokhsar tank paved, and during the same year founded Harimandir. In 1647 Sammat he got a bathing tank constructed at Taran Taran. In Sammat 1651, he established Kartarpur town in Jalandhar district. During Sammat 1659-60, he got Ramsar constructed and in Sammat 1661 he compiled Guru Granth Sahib. At the same time he installed the holy book in Harimandir and appointed Baba Buddha as its granthi. For safeguarding the rules of Gunnat (the religious code) and teaching the Sikhs to be firm in their faith, he was martyred on the bank of Ravi river on Jeth Vadi 4 (2 Harh) Sammat 1663 (30 May 1606AD). The sacred shrine raised over his cremation site is now a place of pilgrimage for the Sikhs. The fifth Guru lived for 43 years 1 month and 15 days, out of which he remained at the helm for 24 years and nine months. The Bhat panegyrists sang, "guru arjun SIrI chatI' apI paramesarI diau." and "muratI pac pramaJJ purakhu guru arjunu pIkh-hu nayalJ."-savcye ill.5 ke. 'God himselfspread a canopy over the head ofGuru Arjun' and 'Look at Guru Arjan for the model of a man' 10 adj white, bright. 11 clean, chaste. Bhai Santokh Singh has combined the words arjan and arjun: So here, they are explicated together. arjan l sunat su dasan ko dan det moh ke VI darbe ko .vak sal' arjan, 2 arjan 3 yas vIstiran satokh SIgh jaha taha janIyat rnano taru arjan,4 arj,m S bhae gan mokhpad lae tIn syamghan tan hoy tore yamalarjan,6 arjan 7 janyojaI keto hE vIthar tero ESO rup dhar aI rajE guru arjan.-GPs. >'>RJRi'i ~ [arjan satIguru] See RJ'i'I?i 9. >'>RJRi'i fi.r3r [arjan pIta] Arjun's father, Indar. !OtI'Q [ arjanu] See >'>RJRi'i. 'RJR' il'oft [araj begi] P Jj ilt n an officer during the Mughal rule who received petitions from the people and forwarded them to the king. "kharo arajbegi tIS tham:."-GPs. In ladies' palace such an official was called Urda Begni. ~ [arajmad] P ~..If adj who petitions. 2 good. 3 honoured, honourable. 4 respectable, honourable. })ffiffT [arja] See ~ffi1T. ~ [arza] P JI)) adj cheap. ~ [arjadhI], n~ [arjadhe] n life, period or duration of being alive. "pal khmI chijE arjadhe."-asa ill 5. ~ [arjani], R1"n'09' }f(? [arjani mal] son of Baba Mohri and grandson of Guru Amar Das, who after death was brought back to life by the Guru's blessing.
'arja (petitions). "Arjun (one of the paqavs). 'white. bright. 4Arjun (tree). ;clean, whose conscience is clear. "See tlJ-ffiTGt17i" (pair ofltrees).
7
w idth or expanse.
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~ i'M'Fr
l)fQ6" [drdth] Skt ~ vr to beg, desire, explore, afflicted with grief; grieved. "Istri drjari hoi encircle. 2 Skt ri n meaning, purport, sense. mdrd!). prdyat."-JSBM "dhdryO drdth jo sdbdd mdjhara, bar bar ur kdrl)RJtft [drji] A iff n an application, a petition. 2 hu vIcara."-GPs. 3 purpose, motive, aim. adj apparent, visible. "kalIka kal hi jIu drji "puchIa <;lha<;lhi sddI kE kItu drdth ill aId?" hE."-cJc;li 1. -var $ri m 4. "tirdth uddmu SdtIguru kia sdbh ~ [drzidan] P d~;.J' v to quote price; to 10k udhra!). artha."-tukha chJt m 4. 4 wealth evaluate. material. "drath dhdrdm kam mokh ka data." ~ [draju] See l?Rli1. -brla m 5. 5 a cause, reason. 6 five topics! l'>RJtfO [drjun] See ~. speech, touch, sight, taste and smell. 7 a result, })jdlj(')'l!!Q [drjunayudh] n Arjun's weapon, the effect. 8 wealth, property, dignity. "arath arrow.-sanama. 2 a bow, especially gadiv drabu dekh kdChu sagI nahi cdlna."-dhana m (Arjun's bow). 9. 9 adjHIEf, without a chariot. RJffi1 [drjunu] See ~. l)fQ6" 'f.Il'mI [drdth $astrd] Skt ~ n science ~ [drjoi] n a request. See l?Rli1. "dvIloko of wealth, or economics; study of skill and mam dIS drjoi."-GPs. trade. 2 title of Chanikya's book on political t'd'ftr ifa'ftr '&" [drdjhI urdjhI kE] adv having economy. See Flon..rf:;r and ~. been entangled. "drdjhI urdjhI kE l)fQ6" ~ [drdth CItr] See ~ ~ -er g-tf (B). pdcImua."-s kabir. ))fd"EJ(')T [drdthna] Skt 'fEfoT. v to beg, ask for, ~ [drd!).] See~. 2 SktR! n a wave, ripple. solicit. "dSdn hin bdsna I1dgdn kdrdt drathna 3 flow. 4 a letter, an alphabet, a character. jJn."-NP ~ [dr!).dv] n a body of water; sea. "drl.).dV l)fQ6" ~ [drdth prdhelIka] See ~ ~ bhav nas ko."-NP and ~. ; ))fd(!I" [afl.).a] n))f1"d(').i1 a (forest) dweller; a male l)fQ6" l.ffi [ardth mall] eldest son ofBaba Mohri Ji, and grandson of Guru Amar Das. "tab-hI buffalo. See })ffi(')T 3. 2 adj wild. ~ [aral.).I], RJit [ar!).i] Skt n the sun. 2 a ardth mal cal kar ayo."-GPs. tree L Premna Spinosa. 3 a wooden contraption l)fQ6" ~ [arath vad] Skt~. n a motivating used to make fire for oblation. "mathan gyan sentence, for example, describing comforts of agni ko arl.).i."-GPs. They would take two heaven to persuade people to perform pieces of wood, one placed horizontally and oblations and fire sacrifices, or mentioning the other fixed vertically in it.. Then wrapping the birth of a son or wealth as reward for a cord around the horizontal one, they rotated austerities. it vigorously and the friction produced fire. ~ [drthau], ~ [arthaI] See l?Rfa" and This fire was considered pure in the Veds and ~. n a principle; purpose, intent. "es its use in religious oblation was regarded as sabad ko jo arthavE."-srdhgosatr. "ISU pad sublime. 4 In Shastarnam Mala, RJ<ithas been jo arthaI leI so guru hamara."-gau a m 1. 2 S used for the hostile army. ~ an example, a citation, an instance. ~ [ar!).es] See~. l">RJ"EI"'3" [arthat] Skt ~part that is, meaning, ~ [drl.).oddy] See~. or, namely. 2 in reality; really. ~ [ara!).y] See~. ~ ('MTFf [drthatdr nyas] abandonment of
~ [drjari] See ~. 2 P ~J;;,r adj
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dIkhavE."-krrs<:ln. difference in meaning, a literary figure: in which a common utterance is confirmed by a ~fd' [arthavnttI] See tfltrcr (d) special phrase, or a special phrase is confirmed ~ [arthi] Skt~. n a bier; a hearse. 2 Skt ~,. adjsuppliant, petitioner. "jab Ihu dhavE by a common one. Example: maIa arthi."-gau d m 5. "nic uc hw: jat hE, gurughar ki yahI ritI." ~ [arthia], ~ [arthiy] See i)fQlft. 2 "raje khan umrav ... sabhI han ke arthie." "satIguru sagatI te jatI patI mIt jat, dekho! mardana pujy bhayo guru sag te." -var brla m 4. "jo arthiy padarthan darsan Look! Mardana became worthy ofworship ko avE."-GPs. because of his being in the Guru's company. ~ [artheu] See l?RJEITfu. "gurumukh bhau b,hagatI artheu."-BG This is a common practice as regards the Guru's company, but Mardana's example or ~ [arad] Skt 3fc{. vr to beg; to go; to inflict case is a special one of being worthy of pain; to kill. ~ [aradan] Ski adj without teeth (~), worship. This is arthatar nyas. sakat sagu na kijiE durhI jaiE bhag}:, toothless. 2 Skt <IT'frr n crushing, grinding. "namo srol)virjardani dhumrhati."-cJqi 2. basanu karo parsiE tau kachu lagE dagilJ. -skabir. "rakatbij sDbhadlk aradan?"-GPs. 3 to kill; to destroy. 4 to bet, to crave. Here company of the worshipper of maya is a special case but blotch being caused by a ~ [ardali] E olrderly. n a batman, servant; black utensil is a common occurr,ence, one who carries out orders. (b) a second form of arthatar nyas is to l?f'd'eTFT [ardas], ~ [ardasI] Skt ~ (beg) confirm a specific statement with its reference ))fTR" (hope) vr to pray, request. 2 P .::,)I~ /" n a request, supplication. "ardas bIna jo kaj to a common one. sIdhav."-t<:lnama. "ardasI suni bhagat Example: apuneki."-sorm5. In the Sikh religion, ardas "sIkkhan seva guru karE, vaQIyan ki yahI ritI." (prayer) is addressed only to the Creator and "satIguru amar ne datu ki sahari lat, it is said after the recitation of scriptural texts vaQe sada chIma ::>1' namarta dharat hE." l')RJCrTOT [arthana] v to interpret; to tell the or for the smooth completion of various meaning of. 2 to understand the meaning of a mundane tasks. It is performed standing with sentence. both hands folded together. "sukh data bhE ~ [arthapatti] Skt ~ n understanding bhajno tIsu agE kan ardasI."-$ri m 5. the unsaid meaning; an instance ofverification "ape jal)E karE apI ape al)E raSI, when one statement automatically proves tISE agE nanka khalI-I kicE ardasI." -maru var 1 ill 2. another, as 'it rains' automatically proves that "dUI kar jon karau ardasI."-bher m 5. the sky is overcast. See ~. 2 a figure of meaning in po~~try. See OlI~:IIidal "ttl thakur tum pahI ardasI, ~ [arthav] See ~ and l)ffiEI1(')1'. 2 n a jiu pfQu sabh teri raSI, bodily gesture conveying a mental condition. tum mat pIta ham bank tere, 3 a feat, performance or show of skill. "sastra tumri knpa mahI sukh ghanere, praharat suran pE kar hathan ko arthav kOI na janE tumra atu,
1m.
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uce te uca bhdgV;'}tu, sdgdl sdmdgri tumn: sutrI dhari, tum te hOI so. agIakari, tumri gdtI mItI tum hi jani, nandk das sdda kurbani."-sukhmani. ~ [ardasia] n someone, generally a granthi, leading the Sikh supplicatory prayer. 2 one who performs a prayer. ~ [drdag] Skt~ adjcrushed, pulverised. 2 begged, asked for. "deu sadhu S;'}gdtI drdagIo."-sar m 5. })ide 1fdl6 [drdagIO] begged, supplicated, asked for. See ~ and l?RfeTClT. })fQfts [drdIt] crushed, trampled See RJe7i 2. "bhdjat drdIta dgha."-datt. 2 (something) asked for. l?fdQ' [drddh] Skt 3T~ part under, below. See ffi'Q" ~O!I". 2 Skt 3Wf adj half. "aradh sdrir kataiE."-~ri a m 1.3 the middle, centre. "ddho urddh drdha."-japu. 4 Skt 3Tli worthy of completion. 5 obtainable, procurable, fit to be had. "aradh njak sabh jagat ko."-scmama. 6 Skt 3TRWf. adoration, adorable. See nrefq. 7 soul. Seeffi'Q" ~ 4. l?fdQ' ~ [aradh urddh] Skt})j'Q": W this and the next world. 2 the earth and the sky. "dradh urddh dou tdhI nahi."-gau kabir. 3 low and high. 4 creatures and God. "tau drddh-hI urddh mIlIa sukh pava."-gau kabir bavan. l?fdQ'mfRft [drddh sdriri] one's better half, wife. "dradh sariri nan na chocjE."-asa kabir. "10k ved gu.Q gyan VICC aradh sariri mokh duari."
-BG
})idQfRd l
[aradhsIra] Skt ~~. A ;J? Hemicrania (headache in half the head) Its causes are : eating meals without vegetable dishes; eating before digesting the earlier meal; taking too much ice and liquor; excessive copulation, carrying heavy load on
the head, excessive menstrual discharge. Its symptoms are headache in half the head, severe headache, excessive palpitation of the heart, weakening of eyesight, and heaviness in the eyes. Its treatment comprises: (I) Opium and gum of acacia tree should be rubbed into a paste which should be plastered over the temples and the aching half of the head. (2) About one ratti of saffron should be roasted in purified butter and rubbed on the aching part. (3) Purified butter and raw sugar mixed in warm milk should be taken. (4) One should drink castor oil mixed in hot milk. (5) Grains of rice which ripen in 60 days should be soaked and when dry should be finely ground and taken as snuff. (6) Oil of costus species, warmed in hot water, should be applied as paste. (7) Chebiolic myrobalan, buleric myrobalan, emblic myrobalan, wormwood and bark of margosa tree should be combined and thoroughly boiled in water with raw sugar mixed in it and taken as a drink. (8) One should eat ten leaves of basil with hot milk. (9) One should daub emblica ribes and black sesame seeds ground in water. (10) One should drink water of raw coconut. Ifhemicrania pain starts after sunrise, and increases as the sun goes up, but stops at sunset, it is called suryavarat. To cure this, two rattis of quinine and the same amount of burnt alum be ground together finely and taken with water at day-break, thrice after every two hours. "aradhsIra arv hndEsaghat."-c;~rItr405.
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l')fQ[I"
203
[aradh kDbhi] See <tit 6. [aradh chadr] Skt !!f ~ n the moon on the eighth day of the lunar month. 2 a kind of arrow with its tip shaped like a half-moon. "tarka~ te sar karyo nIkasan aradh sucadrakar saman."-GPs. :3 a semi-moon-like mark on the peacock's feathers. 4 half-moon-like clasp of hand and thumb around the neck of some one being driven out of a place. 5 a symbol representing gemination. See l?fftrcr. 6 a mark made by a nail pressed against a soft surface. l')ffitT tf~rfuit [afadh chadraIl).i] n goddess Durga who carries the sign of a semi-moon on her forehead. "namo aradh CadraIl).i cadrcura."--c.c;ii 2. })RltIO [af dhan] See l'>RJlLI'O. l'>RI'Q" ~ [aradh mgsarupi] See 7iO!' ~gtit
l'>RI'Q" l'>RI'Q"
RJtft [ardhi] a worshipper. See ~. l1Rlit l'>RI'Q" [ardho afadh] advexactly half. l1Rlit })ffifu [ardho aradhI] adv half and half,
in two equal parts, that is, in the centre or middle. "dutia ardho aradhI samaIa."-ram m 5. 'In dvapar, half the religion prevailed.' ~ [ardhag] Skt 3Tufs::r See ~. 2 n Shiv who has his body half male and half female. 3 adjhalfpmi, in two parts, bipartite. "ardhag kafe bhat kotI."-Cdrrtr 1. ~ ,ardhagak] n one who has made half his body female; Shiv; Rudar. "kEdh6 hE anag ardhagak ke atak te."-CdrItr 109. ~ [ardhagi] n wife. 2 Shiv. "nacyo hE ap taha afdhagi."-CdrItr 125. )')RIO [aran] See 1?f2<Y and ~. 2 v to take a firm stand; to clash. "naID aran ko aran dehfge aran karhI ran arcm saman."-GPs. ~ [army] See :~. RJOT [arna] See )lS7)T. "hamre sag tumaro arna."-GPS. "arI s6 arkE atI yuddh machayo."-krrSdll. 2 to get entangled. "arIO prem ki khon ."-sar m 5. 3 n a bison; a forest buffalo. "moh rahi jamuna khag J harjacch sabhE arna aTU gqa."-krrsdn. l')fQc')'t [ami] See RI-al. ~ [armli] This is a branch of the princely state founded by Bhai Bhagtu in Kamal. Bhai Gurbakhsh Singh's elder son Bhai Desu Singh established his state at Kaithal and the younger Sukkha Siingh set up his separate state atAmauli. The wealthy sardars ofSuddhuval are also descendants of Sukkha Singh. See
~~.
l'>RI'Q".
[aradh nafaj] See 'i'iQTN re<T. re<T ~ [afadh nari~], re<T ~ [aradh nari~var] Skt!!f ~ n that form of Shiv in which his left side is that of a woman and right side that of a man. See ~ }jTij(JL ~ ~ [afadhnari nate~var] per Vedic medicine, a cure for pain in half the body. l'>RI'Q" tPmft [aradh padhri] See l..f'tI'ffi })fa-q. l'>RI'Q" ~ [aradh bhujag] See~. l)f6'QTar [ardhag] See ~ and KJltcrr. ))RJQiaft [ardhagi] Skt 3T~. See })fij"q Rifuft. 2 3T~ n Shiv. See forT ~. ~ [ardhabh], ~ [ardhabha] adj l~ llfTOTLIJf worthy of worship by gods and ancestors. See fog "japI man ram namu ardhabha."-prdbha m 4. 2 Skt 3T~ none who has assumt~d Parvati (Amba) in half his body; Shiv, Mahadev. l)RJftr [aradhI] Skil?flOT[lJf adjworthy ofworship. "aradhI kau afdhIa."-maru jedev. ~ [ardhIa] worshipped, adored. See })RltIO, RIfq and tk re.
l'>RI'Q" 'i'iQTN
[amy] See >1oRfo. ~ [arpal).], f"<Jl-Rl [arpan] Skt nrtf<Y. an offering, a present, donation. "arapI sadhu kau apna jiu."-sukhmdni. "arpIa ta sisu suthan gur pahI ."'-gdU ch.t m 5. ))fQ'.Jtr [arpac] n something to which is made a
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dedication of a tightened bowstring; a bow. stork, crane. 3 a poetic form. See ~ ~ ~ "bh5han ki arpac kasi hL"-krrscln. 17. nRI8' [arab] Skt 3T{ vr to kill, murder; to go. 2 A lffiJ'dt [arbi] adj Arabian horse. 2 an inhabitant ofArabia. 3 the language ofArabia, Arabic. 4 ",:,,/ n a country to the west of India; a desert country across the Arabian Sea. Prophet See~. Muhammad was born there and lived in Mecca. ~ [arbud] Skt~ n ten crares, one hundred The principal religious place Kaaba is also in million. 2 a mountain range in Rajputana (Rajasthan); Aravali. 3 MountAbu. 4 a cloud. Mecca. Arabia is divided into five parts. Tihamah, Hijaz, Najad, Aruz and Yemen. 5 per Vedic lore, a disease of the body; a tumour. 6 an eye-disease. "mahadin tab prabhu upraja, arab des ko kino raja."-VN 3 adj Arabian, of Arabia, such as ~or [arbag] See ~ "kou aVE arbag ab an Arabian horse. 4 the Arabian sea. toko mar javai."-NP. 5 SkI ~ n ten crares, one hundred million. ~ [arbyan] n the enemy of the Arabian "bhaQar darab arab kharab."-ram parta1 m 5. horse, a tiger or lion.-sanama. ~ [arabh] SkI ~ n a child. 2 winter. 3 a ~ [arab-a] A 6.1 1 four. See}){OST (')'TFfij". ~ [arbad] See ~. 2 SkI ~c,T adj student, learner. commenced, begun. "arbad narbad ~ [arbhak] SkI ~ adj small, young. 2 a dhOdhukara."-maru solhe m 1. 'There was child, lad. "arbhak rup sIkkh hE sasar utter darkness in the beginning.' I See~. maddh."-BGK. 3 foolish, unwise. 4 weak, feeble. ~ [arabanI], ~ [arbani] n an army or cavalry having Arabian horses; an Arab horse- ))RI}fO [arman], ~ [armani] See fi:a'Ho and cavalry.-sanama. fum.fo't. })RJ8'l? [arbal], ~ [arbaIa] a short form for RJl-I1O [arman] P 0U SkI l?flf-HO n a desire, wish, longing. "kari avaj ab au arman jIh." ~. age, life. "jIm dehI arbal chin."-aj. "mohI arbala nnp ki janhu."-carrtr 305. -gurusobha. 2 a regret, repentance. "rajan ko ~ [arbaIan] n the enemy of youth; old arman rahE jag."-GPs. })fffifI'i'jT [ar-rana] v to give a hoarse cry, give a age, senility.-sanama. shriek. 2 to challenge, roar. "SEn katocIn ki ~))jfa" [arbalan an] enemy of old age, . tabE gher lai ar-raI."-VN "log pre ar-raI." amrit, ambrosia.-sanama. }){OST [arba] See ~. -carrtr 23. ~ '(')'TFffi [arba nasar] A /,li*'~.Jl four ~~ [ar,al baral] adj})f-~ and fu-~, topsy elements: fire, air, water and earth. "arba nasar turvy; nonsense; absurd. 2 n a nonsensicr l talk. "osu aral'baral muh-hu nIkaIE."-var sor ill 4. ka tan hL"-JSBM "khak bad atIs J ab ko 'I)RJW [arIa] SkI ffi12 n a variety of longish ralau hE."-akaF pumpkin. "bahu ajanu su arIa mano."-GPs. ~ [arbfd] SkI ~ n something whose 2 See l?Rl'OTW. petals are spread like spokes of a wheel, or which bursts open during the day, a lotus. 2 a ~ [arli] See l?Rl'OTW. 'which human beings cannot state. ~ larval] a sub-caste of Jats living mostly 'In Gurbani and in Sanskrit akash, is the fifth element. in Dera Gazi Khan. ~ [arvali] See ~ 2. , Here translation ofArabic-Persian books is given.
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[arvacin] Skt~. adjnew, modern. ~ [arvfd] See ~. nrm [arvi] or l?fO'8't n a variety of arum calocasia; it is like sweet potato which grows with autumn crops and is cooked like a vegetable; it has broad-leaves, which alre Illsed as disposable pllates. ~ [arrau!)a] See l'>RffiT(")T. "arravE bII-1avE nfdak."-asa m 5. ~ [arrakhol] n a contrivance to lock the gate of a cattle:-shed. 2 a winding passage through which one has to pass by bending or twisting his body. l'>RJTEf [arai] n~: a community mostly engaged in growing and selling green vegetables. Its members are also called MaliaI' iin Pothohar and Dhani areas. '))ffi'o!' [arak] A . ..fi." n a tree of Arabia, whose leaves are eaten by camels. 2 See ~ij1~. l)ffiIOft [araki] n camel; the eater of leave:s of the arak tree. 2 See ~. ))fijT(Jf [arag] Skt adj without 'ijliJf (love), devoid of love. 2 without colour. l?RI"fft [araji] A c.fl.,' n plural of~(land), lands, fields. 2 cultivable field. ~ [arati] Skt ~ n an enemy, foe. "aI sakE nahI nIkat arati."-GPs. l'>RJ"t!T [arada] See ~. "jag ,Hada karat bulad."-GPS. bRJ'Q' [aradh] Sel~ l'>Rl"tlO, RI"tlO and })fTort:r.r. l'>Rl"tlO [aradhan], l?RJl'Q'OT [aradhna] Skt})fTQltI'O n service, worship, devotion. "han han nam aradhna."-maru am 5. ~ [aradhI] having worshipped. "tIs-hI aradhI sada sukh hOI."-ram m 5. 2 See
l)fTOTl:f.if
l)ffilOT
[arana] v to give a loud cry, involvl~ in. "ttkhal kanh araI."-krIsan. ~ [arapau] See l'>RJTtIO. l'>RJTtIO [arapan]Skt ~ n giving, entrusting,
offering. "hiu arapau."-sar ch{it m 5. 'I offer my heart'. ffi1H [aram] a garden, See l1fTOl}f "bityo jab ek jam krirte aram bIkhe."-GPs. 'Three hours were spent having a walk in the garden'. l'>RJ'O [arar] adj without bickering or dispute. 2 without a fight. 3 stubborn, obdurate. ~ [aralak], ~tffior [araIIk] Skt~ adj walking aslant. 2 n a cook. "ayas din araIIk tai."-NP ~ [aravan] v to entangle, hook. 2 n an obstruction, a hitch. 3 a hindrance, an obstacle. "rnahi'!. kutII bahu paI aravan."-NP ~ [aravni] n an obstacle, riddle. 2 an entanglement, obstruction. l)ffu [an] Skt nan e!1emy, a foe. 2 a weapon. ~ [ano] got entangled. 2 got caught up. See l'lfa'OT. "ano prem ki khon."-sar m 5. ~ [anar], l ~ [anara] adj who resists, or contests. 2 stubborn, mulish. 3 })ffu of})ffu, an enemy of an enemy; a destroyer of the enemy. "arIar aSI."-scmama. ~ [ansat], ntR~ [an~t] Ski an obstruction. 2 a calamity, distress. 3 sorrow, agony. 4 a crow. 5 a margosa tree. 6 a demon whom Kans sent in the form of a bull to kill Krishan but who himself got killed. He was called Vrikhabhasur. "7 a soapwart. 8 son of Vishvamitar born to the daughter of King Yajati. "tIS te ek putr upjava, nam anst jahI ko gava."-GPs. ~I Dg a mud house. ".Fd':!'!jd [an~tasur] ~-~ See ~ 6. ~ [ankheu] See ~. ~ [anjananI] See ~. ~ [anjrt] See ~. ~ [arfq.] See i~. ~ [an!)], ~r [arI!)at] Skt 3f?!lUT adjwho does not have any debt to pay; free of debt. ~ [an!)i] See~. 2 })ffu-fO'T an army of the enemy.-sanama.
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~ [Clrfd]
n an enemy. 2 a short form for
~ (destroyer of enemy). "gClmne Clrfd su
gubfd ne chuqaI din."-GPs. ~ [ClrfdClm] Skt ~ adj who destroys the enemy. "sunClt ClrfdClm tIt ko gCle."-GPs. ~ [ClrIdev] See ~ !fu. ~ [ClrIyar] See l?ffuwo. ~ [ClrIll], ~ [ClrIlla] See ~. ))Rft [Clril See f;ft. 2 See !fu. 3 See nrffi. "Clri Clri tf' ka kClri, kClri kClri ki ritI. nah nah taka bhClli, bhClli nah 56 pritI."-anonymous. 4 a vocative for a woman. "Clri bail gobId namu mClt visrE."-guj trrloccJn. ~ [ClriCll] See~. "atI arialnahI calhI agare."-GPs. ~ [aritha] Skt ~ n a soap nut, seed pod. ~ [aril] See ~. })@' [aru] part and, as well as; a conjunction. "maIa phas badh nClhi pharE aru manu sGnI na luke."-asa kabir. l1@fu[aruCI]Sktlackofinclination; disinclination. 2 lassitude, hatred. 3 a disease in which hunger disappears. See~. ))@tJ [aruj] adjfree from disease (gtr); healthy. ~ [arujananI] cpd Chandarbhaga river; related to whom is the moon, who dispels disease.-sanama. ~ [arujjhan] v to get entangled. 2 to ride. 3 to get busy, be involved. ~ [arul).] Skt n sun's chariot. 2 sun's charioteer, son of Kashyap and Vinita and elder brother of Garur. He is a cripple in the lower part of the body, because his mother in her anxiety to see him had broken the egg while yet raw. Therefore he is also called ~.I In the Purans, he is described as deep red in colour, and that the pre-dawn redness is his. Arun's wife is named Shyeni; Sampati and Jatayu are their sons. "karam karI arul). pfgula ri."-dh,ma
1fO
(without) ~g (thighs), without thighs.
tnlocan. 3 vermilion. 4 adjblood-red. [arul).cur] Skt n one having a red plume; a rooster. "ClrUl).Cuf ka tan sas I bhayo." -sanama. 'The moon turned a cock.' ~ '8"fait [Clrun barIl).i] cpd Sarasvati river with red (~) water (m).-sanama. ~ [ClrUl).a] a tributory of Sarasvati which joins the latter near Pehoa. 2 a madder. 3 a potable red weed; cJlai; deracea. 4 seed of Abrus precatorius. 5 a red coloured cow. 6 Skt 3TIfun worship. "ghati pac b Clrul).a karkE."-NP. ~ [arul).e:;;l n Arun's master, the sun. ~ [arul).OdCldhI] n Red Sea separating Egypt and Arabia. ~i-eur [arul).oday] n the sunrise; the time when the sun appears; the redness before sunrise; dawn, morning, See ~. ~'Q3t [ClrGdhati] Skt ~udt n daughter of saint Karadam and wife of ascetic Vashishth. 2 a small star seen near the Great Bear; according to the Purans, one who cannot see Arundhati star dies within 40 days. 3 tip of the tongue. $ [aruddh] adj l?f (not) 2'v'Q' (busy), unobstructed. l?fO' [arun] See ~. l?fO' aifaFM [Clrun barInIn] See ~~. the land of Sarasvati river (Arun Barini). -sanama. ~ [aruj] A (:;,/ n rise; progress; increase. 2 height, elevation. 3 See ~ 2. ~ [ClrujhCln] n a complication, tangle. 2 an obstruction, impediment. 3 v to be busy with something, be involved. ":;;ah sag kIm bak arujhe."-GPs. l?fVf [aruqh] See ~ and ~. ~'lf [amp] adj formless, shapeless. 2 illshaped, ugly. ~ [Clrupa] a varl).Ik metre, also called karira, characterized by four lines, each line being
~
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207 bI organised as ISS, 5. ~ [arogta] n absence of disease, sound health. Example: sabe jage, bhrama bhag~, ~ [arogi] Skt 3TUfTR~ adj not sick; hale and hearty, healthy. hatha tyage pagalage.-ramav. 2 If we double the length of the verses, and ~ [arogy] See :~. "arogya maharogya." organise the structure as ISS, 5, ISS, 5 then it is -sCJhCJS m 5. known as $uddhga. ~ [arodhan] Skt @t:/O v to stop, impede; Example: to encircle. "ros arodhan krurbrIte."-CJkal. ~ [aropan], n-Ri1.f<riT [aropna] See~. jape joi tare soi. bhrama khoi nrIbhe hoi.. ,.. ~ [arora], ~ [arora] a trading community risen from Khatris, so named because of ~ [arur], ~ [arura] adj mounted, ascended. 2 firm, steady. "manu caltau bh"J!IO arura." having migrated iTom village Aror in Rohri sub-division of Sakkhar district of Sindh.\ -jEt m 4. 3 S~;:r a python, dragon. ~ [aruri] n a heap of garbage, waste and 2 Dg a fighter, brave warrior. animal manure. l1Rior [arag] ad} colourless. 2 ofbad or poor colour. "ffi' [are] part a vocative for addressing a man ~ [araj] adjfree from sorrow, grieforanger; of lower rank than one's own. "he!" "0". happy, glad. "ar;3jul aradhe."-CJkal. 'who ffict [arek] adj ofl1ffu(enemy), of the enemy. renders free from grief those who worship (God)'. 2 colourle:ss, See~. "pataka tuk tak arek."-caqi 2. 2 })ffu-to!' many an enemy; enemies. "arek su mar mar pukar ~ [arajIt] See~. 2 not coloured or hi."-caqi 2. dyed. See '6110. ~ [arajul] See .11ffl';:r. I. ))fijcr [arekh] adjwithout a line, without direction, sea animals and products lying haphazardly; 'l'>Ri1f [araq] See fuffi:r. 2 adjwho is not a widow; happily married, her husband being alive. formless. "arekh hc"-japu. 2 ~l:f which cannot be written. ~ [arat] See ~3". 2 IE, who sticks and stays, opposes, or encounters. See l?fS'()T. ~ [areDu] adj without ~ (dust), gritll~ss. 2 n god; according to the Purans, gods do not l?fo [aran], rm larany] Skt 3RWT n a forest. put their feet on the earth and this raises no ~ [aranyak] See ~. ~ [ar5bhl See Jo)fll"#g. dust. 3 the sky. ~ [arel] adj not pushed, without a push; ))RJ' [arhF ~ vr to worship, respect, be capable. 2 Skt 31i worthy of worship adj 3 capable, fit. stationary. See ~rn-. 4 n the Creator. 5 Indar. 6 price, cost. ~ [aret], ~ [an:!] adj who opposes, who 7 worship. 8 gold. 9 speed. fights. "dal 56 ard dhae turag nacaykc" ~ [arhDa] Skt 3riurr n worship, adoration. -krrsan. 2 obstinate. 2 capability, intelligence, sagacity. ~ [arohan] See ~. ~C{ [arok] adj without let; unrestrained, ~ [arhat], ~3" [arhat] Skt ~ adj worthy impetuous. ofworship. 2 n lin, god ofthe lains. 3 Buddhist 'The remains of this village are now five miles southeast ~ [arog] adj free from disease; healthy. ofRohari in Sakkhar district. ~ [arogat] adj not sick; healthy. "arogat 2S ee l1l<f. bhae sarira."-va,:;l chat m 4.
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sage who has attained nirvan or liberation through knowledge. ~ [aryara] See ~. l)R? [all SkI 3TI\ vr to spruce; to adorn; to push aside; to forbid; to warn; to be powerful; to worship. 2 ~ part complete, entire. "hoa ohi al jagat me."-var maru 2 m 5. 3 SkI 3R1 n poison. See tC2J-R2. 4 a scorpion's sting. S orpiment. 6 a lock of hair. 7 See})ffu. 8 San obstacle; a hindrance, disruption. ~3T [alauti] SkI ~ n a tree, Bassia latifolia or Madhuca indica, mahua, bearing sweet yellow flowers used for making country liquor also named mahua.! "alauti ka jEse bhaIa breqa jInI pia tInI janIa."-gau kabir. 'Only he who has taken mahua drink, knows the exhilaration it brings.' See~. l')fffi1 [alas] SkI adj slothful, lazy, lacking in zeal. ~ [alas-har] n a remover of sloth; amrit, nectar.-sanama. jl'SR'Q('f1 [alsauI).a], ~ [alsana] v to feel sloth; to get lethargic. 2 to be dull or drowsy. "nam japat gobrd nahI alsaie."-asa ch;;)t m 5. l'>IHJft falsi] SkI BFft n linseed; flex seed, its plant and fruit. In the Purans, Vishnu's (;;omplexion is described like that of a linseed flower. 2 Linseed oil is used in paints and its powder is employed in bandaging boils. Many people eat balls of linseed flour mixed with butter and sugar. This is believed to relieve lumbar pain. Its Latin name is Linum usitatissimum. l'>I1?Jlc [alset] n a complexity, complication. 2 an accusation, stigma. l?R'Slf [alast] A .:lr""" This word appears in one of the lines ofQuran where it means 'God asked Adam's progeny, "Am I not your God?" They
ITraditional scholars by ;l!;luti mean sugar. 2ros y with tinge of blue.
replied "Yes, why not". In Bhai Nand Lal's works this word means 'We are engrossed in our resolve to believe in God as our nurturer and sustainer'.
-digo. [alah] adj invisible. "alah lahau tau kIa kahau."-gau kabir bavcm. 2 A ..is, n God. "alah ram jivau tere nai."-prabha kabir. ~ [alahada] A ~~ adj separate, different, apart. ~He" [alahmad] A ), n the name of the opening clause of Quran which commences with this word, literally meaning praise. This clause is recited for the soul of the dead, and also during namaz (Muslim prayer). >mffiJ [alahI], ~ [alahu] See ))fl'S'ij'. "alahu ek masitI basat he."-prabha kabir. })fl'SQ [alak] n a strand of hair falling on or along the cheek; a lock. 2 on the Himalayas, a beautiful city according to Megh Dut. See ~ 2. })fl'SQ "ga i Qa1 [alak cukauI).i] v to spoil or remove decoration, pull hair; its transformation is R?l:f ~. See })fl'SQ. })fl'SQifur [alaknada] a stream in Garhwal which joins with the Ganga forty miles upward Lachhman Jhula near Devprayag. Vaishnavites .believe that Ganga fell from paradise on Shiv's head at this spot. 2 a virgin girl. })fl'SQ ~ [alak bhujagi] adj whose locks of hair are like snakes. 2 n Shiv, who instead of strands of hair has snakes hanging from his head. ))j"('SC(T [alka] SkI n a ten year old girl. 2 Kuber's city said to be in the Himalayas. 3 fat. 4 a gaI).Ik metre also called kusum VIcItra. It has four lines, each line having this arrangement: III, ISS, III, ISS. Example: catpat SEI).a khatpat bhaje,
))fl'S'ij'
f~h.J'-1j'.Jiliv.:1
I"I~J;lJ~4jiL
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horizontal like the flute. ~ [alachh] See 1~. 2 without blemish. "rijh rijh acchra alacch sur ko br'E."-kalki. 3 ~ indescribable, invisible. See??Sr.ir. >m?tf [alaj] adj shameless; brazen faced. "alaj asubh subh karam kamavan."-NP ))ffi3T [altalSkt ~ n a red dye prepared from lac used on marital occasions and during the Holi festival. "alta gan ~bir gulal."-GPs. ~ [aHaf] A .....HbJl plural of~., kindnesses. ~. "be adab xalist az altafe rabb."-j.fdgi. ~ [alkab] A ",:",~I n plural ofm:re, titles; distinctive appellations. ~ [aladdhl adj l?j"-E'8'"Q". rare, scarce, ))fffii[l}f [alkam] See i)f1? and ~. adj complete uncommon. 2 not found. work; whose all desires have been fulfilled. ~ [alap] Skt ~ adj a little, petty. "alap >m5fcm [alhs], ~ [alkfdr]' l~:r [alkesl sukh aVIt cacal."-sahas m 5. 2 ~ n >lffiOlT-Ehl, 1'Jffi'(i[T-~. master of Alkapuri, unsmeared, unaffected. "alap maIa jal kamal Kuber. "alkIs k jagdis."-carrtr 224. rahtah."-s<3h<3s m 5. "rahIt bIkar alap maIa l1ffi1:f [alakh] Skt })f(')~. adj invisible, te."-sar m 5. 3> a literary figure meant to suggest rather than describe. imperceptible. "agam agocar alakh apara." -brla m 1. 2 without sign or symbol, Example of alap : indefinable. 3 yogis' term for mutual politeness. "mme satIguru de pragtal) di ~ t/O(il1al [alakh cukaul)i] See ))fffi5[ 't!~. sIkkha jad sudh pai, ~ ~ [alakh jagaul)a] v to give a loud bhayo rumac tuttia tal)ia, call to draw attention of people for alms. 2 to nna chahIbar laL" beg by giving a loud call, 'alakh'! The bodies of the Sikhs are inferior to their >m'51j [alakhu] See })fMl:f. minds which cannot subsume them. "ki'lkan kari h chap sou h Qhal Qhalat."-hanu. Sita's >m?cIf [alag], r.~ [algau] adj ))j'-~ which is arm is more delicately described than the ring. not attached or engaged; uncommon, strange, rare. "algau JOI madhukarau."-va.r maru 1 ~ [alpahiaul, ~ [alpahia] adj unconnected, unengrossed. "lep nahi m 1. See HlJC~. l)fffiJItiTTJl [algayas] A ~~I n a loud call or cry alpahiau."-jEt m 5. 2 feeble heart. 3 feeble for justice. hearted. >m5trcJr [alpag], l~ [alpagy] Skt ~ adj })f'l?cJRIH [algaraj] A JjJl adjcareless, negligent; having little knowledge, ignorant. without desire. 2 lazy, sluggish. 3 selfish. ~ [alpatil n a pouch in a soldier's belt >mXit [algol See ~. ~ [algoza] P ~;j.ll n a kind of musical containing gun powder or cartridges. instrument made of wood. It gives: out a ))ffit( If'<!" [alap pranl Skt n unaspirated sounds, musical sound when wind is blown into it. It the pronunciation of which needs little force; is popular in the Western Punjab. It is: a pipe soft sounds k, g, D,C, j,]1, t, g, l), t, d, n, p, b, blown at the top keeping it vertical, not m, y, r, 1, and v; against them are mahapran jhatpat jujhyo lakh ral) raje, satpat bhaje atpat sur~, jhatpat bIsri ghatpat hur~.-ramav. ))jMO(ll1<!i [alkaut).a] to be or feel lazy, lethargic or sluggish. "nam lt alkaIa."-asa m 5. "apne kaj kau kIU alkai?"-sor m 5. ~ [alkadllIp], ~ [alkadllIpatI], ~ [alkapatIl n master of the cnty of Alkapuri, Kuber, and treasurer of gods. See
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sounds (aspirated sounds) kh, gh, ch, jh, th, Q-h, th, dh, ph, bh, and r. 2 adj feeble. ~ jfl:r [alap buddhI], }o)R?lf}-/'fu" [alap matI] adjoflittle intelligence; unintelligent, foolish. >m;~ tal palal] n a false show, an ostenation. 2 an insubstantial action. See >m; and ~. "gali al palalia."-gau var 2 m 5. >m?W talpa] See warr. ~ [alpaI] adjunengrossed, unconnected.
See~. ~ [alpahari]
Ri5tf"3T
Skt
3JI;QI6IR"I,
adj who eats
less, detached, alone. [alpata] Skt ~ adj detached, alone.
See~. ~ [alpari] See ~.
[a1aph] A ...;JI n the first letter of Persian and Arabic alphabet. 2 indictor of figure one in arithmetic. See l'>I8ffi:. 3 abbreviated name of Allah (God). 4 indicating Monday in astrology and astronomy. 5 a horse standing straight on hind legs. ~ J:ITi'i" [alaf xan] Alifkhan, an army commander ofAurangzeb, who fought against Guru Gobind Singh at Nadaun in Sammat 1747. This battle is mentioned in Chapter IX of Vichitar Natak. 2 another Mughal army chief. See Ft'e" }:fT('). ~ [alpha] See 1'lfffift. ~ [alphaj] A J;lP!f n plural of~. 1'lfffift [alphi] A adj upright like the letter alaf. 2 n a long gown without arms worn by holy men; a khafani. It symbolises the oneness of God. ~ [albatta] A ~ part of course, no doubt, without doubt. 2 yes. 3 but. ~ [albal] See ~ . ~ [albalIt] Sktll1IM~fM3 adjsurrounded, encircled. "bal rahe a1balIt jal."-NP See
if,
~.
~ [albela] adj carefree, having no worry.
2 foppish, crooked. ~ [alabh], ~ [alabhu], ~ [alabhy] adj not obtainable, rare. "ISU jag mahI nam alabhu h."-var sor ill 3. })fM}f [alam] adj suffering, afflicted. 2 A ~ a standard. 3 adj standing upright. 4 raised. "sam~er alam kine dhae sabhi sIpaha."-saloh. 5 See~. 1'>fMHR3" [almast] P ..:-11 adj inebriated, drunk. 2 carefree, lost in love. "harIrasu piv almasat matvara."-asa ill 5. 3 a devotee of Guru Nanak Dev and Baba Shri Chand, known also as Kamalia and Godria. Almast was born in the house of a Gaurh Brahman in Sammat 1610. Balu Hasana was his younger brother. After becoming a follower of Baba Gurditta, he became the head of a sub-sect of Udasis. Guru Hargobind went to Nanakmatta to the aid of Almast. pun a1masat sadhu ko dhir, dekarI bhale guru bar bir.-GPS. This pious person died at Nanakmata in Sammat 1700. See ~. ~ aaou:t1i'i [alam barka~idan] P I.j~ ~ v to raise a spear high. 2 to raise a flag. })fIDffl" [almal] poison and dirt. See>m; and lffi. "almal khai SUI chai pai."-var asa. 'Ghoris disgraced themselves by indulging in drink and dirt.' ll1'MWR" [almas] P vL11 n a diamond, a hard substance. ~ [almari] Pg almerio or almirah n a chest of drawers. ~QT [almora], ~~ [almora] a city and capital of Kumaon region of the United Provinces. It was the capital of the kings of Chand dynasty in the sixteenth century. The British occupied it in 1815 AD. There is a story in the third chapter of the second half of Janamsakhi and Guru Nanak Prakash that
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a king had captured Bhai Bala for offering religion. 2 king ofthe Khilji dynasty who ruled him as a sacrifice to goddess Chandi. He was at Delhi from Sammat 1353 to 1373. He got the ruler of this place. Guru Nanak Dev the dome-like gate near Qutab Minar built in preached the name of God to the king and Delhi in 1310AD. the people of Almora and made them his Kings bearing this name of Sayyad and disciples. There used to be a gurdwara here Bahmani dynasties have also been there in Gaur and BengaL and the people were devoted to Guru Nanak Dev. Due to the negligence of Sikh pre:achers, ~ [alan] adj said, spoken. 2 sung. the gurdwara as well as the Sikh faith have })fWFf [alas] n See~. 2 Skt a disease of the vanished away from this region. tongue. ~ [alarak] Skt >lffiCI' son of Madalsa and ~ [alasi] adj l'W-wm. a female performer king Kuvalyashv l (Ritdhvaj). He was a great especially of lasy dance. "juala jayati alasi spiritual scholar also known as Bhumishth. anadi."-c~di 2. See Wl1.iI'. See <S~MGli~ and H~. 2 a mad dog, mbid l1fl?TU [alah] adj without gain or profit; dog. 3 rabies, hydrophobia. 4 a white-coloured profitless. 2 n Allah, God. "alah pakapak hE."-tIl~g kabir. "bhagatI nIrali alah di." coral tree. See ~. ~ [alaI] Skt nf-"M(iI" adj not playful or brisk; -asa a ill 3. firm, resolute. "cau al-IIa."-BG 2 S(~e l')fi'ffi". ~ [alaha!)], ~ [alah!)a] vto say, speak, utter. 2 to sing; to dilate upon the tunes. 3 to ~ [al-Iacin] Skt n a sea adjoining China. 2 per Janamsakhi, a mountain on the Chinese praise, sing praise. sea coast. 3 Bhai Santokh Singh has described ~ [alah!)i] n a song of praise especially for the dead. See Guru Nanak Dev's instructive the anal bird as al-Iachin. "al-Iacin bIhag jIh thana."-NP See l')fi'ffi" 4. hymn under the title ofAlahini commencing. "dhanu sIrada saca patsIsahu." ~ [alvan] A l.:J'}1 n a woollen sht:et, a mantle of Pashmina wool. ~ is a plural })IWiONI't! [alahabad] See l;fliI"OT. of'fu> (colour). Alvan used to be multi- l'HWfu [alahI] See })ffiT(OJ'. coloured, hence this name. In the We:stern ~ [alaka] A j~ relation, connection. 2 See Punjab it is called ~ which is redfuwa'r. ~ [alat] Skt~,T?Jn a spark, flame, firebrand. coloured. })fl?;'f [alar] See nR3;'. 2 an ember, a burning coal. {W3";:rq [alat cakr] n red circle created in the })fW [ala] A j, n God "soi lagE sacu jIsu tU dehI ala."-asa ill 5. air by whirling a firebrand. "cakr alat ki bat ~ [alau] Skt))flWl...f n a statement, speech, baghuran."-cadi 1. 2 According to music, a dance in which the dancer whirls with the conversation. "manmukh phika alau."-sor ill 3. See))flWl...f. right arm extended. ~~ [alau!)a] See l'lfTWl.I?jT. "kahe pharid ~ [alaniyah] A d'~ advopenly, publically. saheliho! sahu alaesi."-suhi. meannng that })fWtf [alap] See ))fI(?Ttf. 'With God's call shall reach the message.' ~ [alapi] SkI' 3TIC'fTft'R~ adj a singer of the prelude. ~tflo [alauddin] A IiJ..M~ adjwho uplifts l1R?'H [alam] A (LIo; adjknowing all, omnicient. 'He was king ofPritshthanpur (.Ihusi).
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2 a highly knowledgeable scholar; a savant. "kI akal alamE."-japu. "kI alamasc.-gyan. ~ [alamat] A ...::--"IJr n a characteristic. 2 mark, spot. ~ [alami] A JIJr adj very clever, expert in war tactics. "rakhas baQe alami bhajj na jal)de."-cadi 3. 2 See >l1MGHM. ~ [alalat] A "':')IJr illness, sickness, indisposition. ~ [alaval)], ~ [alavan] Skt))fTMT1..fi'). v to deliver a discourse. "mukh alaval) thothra."-maru var 2 m 5. "nahI tum kijE kachu alavan."-GPs. ~ [alava] A ~J/Jl; adv besides, in addition to, without that. m [alI] Skt n a large black bee, bumblebee. "jEse alI kamla bIn rahI na sakE."-asa m 4. 2 Indian cuckoo. 3 wine. 4 See })ffi't. ~ [alIk] Skt l'lfTfMor n a forehead, brow. 2 See })fMOlT. rfMfcm [alIkIs] Mount Kuber. See ~. ~ [aIIkh] See ~'l:f. ~ [alfgan] See~. "cahIt alfgan ~ri kartara."-NP. mfo [alInr], ~ [alIni] Skt mfo n a female black bee. "kamal badan te nIkasi na alInI grra."-NP. })fft?tr [alIp], ~ [aIIpat] Skt ~ adj unsmeared, undaubed. "jo alIp rahe man mahi."-sar m 5. "alIpat bJdhan rahIt karta."-bIha cMt m 5. ~F [alIpat gupha] n pure conscience. 2 a clear head. 3 a scholar's family-life. "alIpat gupha mahI rah-hI nIrare."-ram am 1. ~ [alI pta] unsmeared, pure. See !fMts. ml./OtJ [alI panac] n whose bowstring consists of black bees, Kamdev; god of love. "janu alI panac kach tanu kacha."-raghu. ~ [alIpna] adj unengrossed, unsullied, unattached, pure. "nanak thakur sad a
alIpna."-bavan. [alIpaI], ~ [aIIpat], ~ [alIpata], ~ [alIpari] adj unattached, unsullied, pure. "brahamgIani alIpaI." -maru m 5. "jIu jal kamla alIpari."-sar m 5. "ghatI ghatI puran hE alIpata."-sar chat m 5. "alIpat ardhi."-paras. one who worships Brahma. ~ [alIf] See })fMG. ~ ~ [alIf xan] See})fMG}:flO. ~ [alII] See fi'ffi 4. ~ [ali] Skt l?fTffi. n a female friend. "kaVI syam kahE sag radhe ali."-krIsan. 2 a row, line, class. 3 Skt rfMo'T a black bee. "ali al gDjat ali al gDjat hE."-asa cMt m 5.4 a bumble bee. 5A J husband of prophet Muhammad's daughter Fatima. See ~. ~ [alia] Skt~ adjwho lies. 2 n untruth. "jagat rahE na alia bhakhE."-ram beI).i. 'should be on guard, and not tell a lie'. ~-mr [ali $er] a village in Patiala state tehsil Barnala, thana Mansa. It is three miles away from Bhander. Guru Teg Bahadur visited this place. A gurdwara is there to which the state donates Rs. 25 per year. The railway station is 11 miles away from Mansa. ~ [alik] adjwithout a line; undistinguished. "alik hE."-japu. 2 Skt a lie, falsehood. 3 A ..T- J very intelligent. ~ [alil)], ~ [alil)a], nrn'to [alin] adj unengrossed, separate, extraordinary, peculiar. 2 engrossed, absorbed, rapt. "puja car pakhaQ alil)a."-BG ~tIem [ali bakha~] an officer in Shahjahan's army who was killed by Bhai Nanu during the battle of Hargobindpur. ~ [alim] A ~ adj knowledgeable, wise, scholarly. ~ ~ [ali muhamad] an army commander of Saharanpur. Leaving the city undefended,
~
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he escaped in Sammat 1767 on hearing that Dal Khalsa was coming to attack him. ~ [alil] A ~ adj sick, indispos(~d. See
~.
[alival).], ~ [alivl).a] v to be rapt, absorbed, or engrossed. "sahIj alivl).Ci."--BG ~ [alival] a village on the bankof Satluj in tehsil Jagraon of district Ludhiana where a battle took place between the Sikhs and the British on 28 January 1846. ~ [alir] See .~. ~ [alumalu] See))R? 3. l'>IF [aluha] ad; unburnt, unscorched. 2 new. 3 young. "ali anup subEs aluhan."-sCI,loh ~ [aluca] See~. 2 adj not villainous; good, gentle. ~ [alul).a], >l~it [alul).i] adj without salt. 2 uninteresting, insipid, dull. "sIl jog alul).i catiE."-var ram m 3. 3 inglorious, inelegant. "phIt alul).i deh."-var bIha m 5. ~ fi:ffir [alUI~i sIla] See fi:ffir ~it. ~ [aluda] See ~. ~ [alupha] .A j}w n pay, salary. 2 stipend. ~ [alur], ~QT [alura] a town in Ne:llore district of Madras. "nam alura taka SOhE." -C;;JrItr 339. ~ ~ [alul jaluI] S unmethodical, rude or foolish talk. ~ [alula] Pkt n a ripple, wave. 2 a bubble. 3 sudden bursting into fire, combustion. 4 adj unflickering, not frivolous, calm. "raj ke dharam alule."-akal. 5 not crilPpled, ablebodied. ~ [ale] part "are!" a vocative. 2 sujindicating a vocative verb as in "tajiale sasara" and "pekhiale dharam rao."-sri trrlocan. ~ [ales] adj without viscosity, not sticky. 2 unattached, unengrossed, without company. 3 See-gR. ~ [alekh] adj which cannot be wriitten.
"alekh hE."-japu. 2 ~, l'>fm:f. invisible. 3 Yogis shout alakh when asking for alms. It was with this call that Ravan approached Sita. "bhekh alekh ucar kE ravan."-ramav. 'Ravan in disguise saying alakh approached Sita'. 4 unaccountabl{~ "tate janam alekhE."-asa kabir. 5 who has no fate recorded on his forehead; free from bonds of Karma. "alekh hari."-akal. "God without any bonds." ~ [alekhi] See nfficr. ~ [alep] adj unattached, unengrossed, unsullied. ~ [aIel] n a line. 2 a current, a stream. "chuti hi:' sis pE sr:m alele."-kdlki. 3 adj adolescent, inexperienced. ~ [aloa] Look, see! See ~lffi') and ~. 2 full of wonder. "magar pachE kachu na sujhE ehu padam aloa . "-dhana m 1. 'It is a rare posture.' ~ [aloan] Skt~. n the act of seeing, looking. ~ [aloI] See nffireo. 2 Skt ~. adj strange. 3 adv having seen, after seeing. ~ [aloIara] adj seen. "nm aloIara han janiara."-ram chat m 5. ~ [aloIa] saw. See ~. ~ [alOIn] n seeing, beholding. "aoad rup sabh nEn aloIa."-asa m 1. "dusar nahi aloiE."-dev m 5. ~ [aloiE] Let us see. See ~. ~u [aloh] adj without iron i.e. without a weapon. "gayo k;m bira su yate aloha."-VN 'Who is that valiant who has not suffered the weapon of death?' ~ [alok] Skt ~or. n light, a miracle. 2 a glimpse, look. "sOdar badan alok."-sar surdas. 3 Skt 3rm-Cfi adj not within sight; invisible. "alok hE."-japu. 4 n desolate, lonely. 5 the other world. "10k alok gavaI durananI."-ramav. '0, evil faced Kekai, you
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have lost both the worlds'. 6 Skt~. unworldly, strange. ~ [alokanl Skt ~ v to see; to peep. "it ut dah dIS alokan."-ram ruti m 5. tior [alogl, ~ [alognil, ~ [alogil adj not of this world; strange, uncanny. 2 untouched, unattached, unengrossed. "surag pavItra mIrat pavItra, paIal pavItr alogni."-ram m 5. "nanak log alogi ri sakhi."-asavri m 5. ~ [alonal adj See ~(!T. ~ [alopl Skt ~l.f adj invisible, hidden. "hoi alop bhavani deva raj de."-cac;li 3. 2 })f not (~l.f) secret; evident, manifest. ".n [aloll adjnotfu? (frivolous or frolicsome); serious, settled. ~ [alovl).al, ~ [alovanl vto see, behold, observe, watch. "m~n alovau sadhjano."-gCJU CJ m 5. ";:jtCJrI baharI Iku m~n alovna."-var guj4 m 5. ~ [abkIk] adj not of this world; other worldly, unworldly. 2 strange, wonderful. ~ [al;:i] Skt 31C'fl1. part all, entire. 2 only. 3 able, capable. 4 n an ornament. ~ [al;:jk] short form forfiORf. 2 ~upto Lanka (Ceylon). 3 the celestial sphere, firmament, sky. "s1hI dabat 1 parat al;:jk par."-GPs. })RofCFa' [alakarl Skt ~ n an ornament. "al;:ikar mIII thdi hoi hE."-dhCJna m 5. 2 literary figure of speech which adds to the beauty ofa poetic expression without obvious ornamentation. I This is of two kinds: ~abadal;:jkar or ornamentation ofwords as in a rhyme and alliteration, and arthal;:jkar or ornamentation of meaning such as a simile, metaphor, allegory. Where these two types are merged together, it becomes ubhyal;:jkar or a double-edged ornament. In this book they
I3IMs~q;i1J1R1 ~.
have been shown in the alphabetical order. nffi# [al;:jke] Skt 31""C'lS~~(f adj adorned, ornate. "alakar alake."-japu. 'An ornament was adorned'. ~ [al;:jkrItl See~. "alakrIta sudehya."
})Rofcit [alaki],
-VN.
[alakhl adjwhat cannot be written. 2 what cannot be seen; invisible, imperceptible. "sace sabadI alakh."-sCJva m 3. fiaT [alag] adjunattached, unengrossed. 2 Pkt n direction, side. 3 adjwithout lameness. See
~
Ear.
[alagh], fiur.r [alaghy] adj impassable; difficult to cross. ~ [al;:jb] Skt ~ n a support, stay, shelter. 2 a refuge. fiao [alabanl, fi~. [alabanul Skt ~ n stay, support. "hasat alabanu dehu prabhu." -gCJu m 5. 2 See ~. ~ [alabu~al See FRnJ3'. ~ [alharl adj unthinking, thoughtless. 2 ignorant. 3 inexperienced. S~. ~ [all] Skt ~ or l?fO'CJ n a longish variety of pumpkin; a gourd. 2 A Jf sub-caste. See >m? name of a dynasty. l'lfw [aHa] adj not fully ripe. 2 n God. See nfW. l?fwF.rru [aHa:';iahl, ~ [allayar] a Pathan trader of horses in Delhi and Lahore. Bhai Para Parmahans of Dalla village met him one day on the bank of Beas and impelled him to see Guru Amar Das. Not only did he turn a Sikh but also became extremely pious. The third Guru assigned him the duty ofpreaching Sikhism. ~ ray] Skt 31C(, vr to protect (the word nf evolved from this root); to please; to go about; to be loved; to satisfy; to understand; to enter; to wish; to adopt. 2 Skt~ a prefix indicating determination, disrespect, dearth, fall, etc .. See~,~, ~ etc.
~
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~ [avastha] See ~.
~ [avclIya], ~ [avaia] adj who
comes or arrives. "yadu bir ke dham ~ ~ [avastha catu~tay] n four stages avarya."-krrsan. of life: childhood, boyhood, youth and old WA" lavas] Skt '~ adj helpless, powerless. age. 2 See ~ and BTQ ~. 2 See ~. 3 ~, n help, aid. 4 grace, ~ ~ [avastha tray] three states: waking, kindness, beneficence. dreaming and deep dreamfree sleep. ~ [avastha] Skt ~ n condition, state, ~~ [avastha dvay] two states, prosperity circumstance. 2 age. 3 four c:onditions: and poverty. 2 know lege and ignorance. wakefulness, dreaming, profound sleep and 3 pain and pleasure, etc. state of blessedness. 4 stages of age: ~ [avasthrtr] Skt n a halt, stop. childhood, youth and old age. ~ [ava$y] Skt part surely, certainly; ~ [avsar] Skt n a chance, an opportunity, without doubt. occasion. 2 leisure, recess, respite. 3 rain. 4. a ~ [ava$yak] adj necessary. See ~. poetic embellishment describing timely j~J:1J1adl [avai?yakta] necessity. See j1~HJtadi. execution of work as the right uSle of time. ~ [avharl See:~. Example: ~ [avhrt] Skt adj alert, attentive. jab lagu jara rogu nahi ara, ~t:f [avahrtth], ~'EfT [avahrttha] Skt jab lagu kalr grasi nahi kara, ~ n poetic de:vice of cleverly hiding,joy jab lagu brkal bhai nahi bani, because of modesty and fear. bhajr lehr re man! sarrgpani" ~'ij(! [avheraJ)] v to see, look at, behold. ab na bhajsr bhajsr kab bhai? 2 to insult. See l'}f~. 3 See ~. aVE atu, na bhajra jai.-bher kabir. ~ [avhelan] Skt n an insult, a disrespect. kal karata ab-hr kar, ab karta su Ital, 2 disobedience, contravention of order. pachE kachu na horga jab srn: aVE kal. "avhalan nahr trn ko kijE."-NP -5 kabir. ~ [avka:;;] Skt n a place, post. 2 the sky. ~ [avsarprJ)i] See ~ mrftrtt. 3 a distance, space, gap. 4 leisure, respite. ~ [avsan] Skt n ~ sense, wiit, pnese:nce ~ [avJkiraJ)] Skt ~ adj spread. of mind. "avsankedrvEyaho."-akal. "satrun 2 scattered. 3 extended. "nar avkiral). ke avsan gae chut."-krrsan. 2 Skt rest, repose. jahfkaha."-GPs. 3 limit, extent. 4 death. 5 end, conclusion. ~ [avkhad], ~ [avkhadu], ~ 6 evening, sunset. [avkhadh], 1~ [avkhadhu] Skt >?fRq. n a ~ [avsari] adjworthless. 2 unappreciated. medicine, drug. S,ee~. "harr harr namu "vaJ)aspatr rahE ujar adar avsari."-BG 3 Skt avkhadu mukhrpara."-sor m 5. "avkhadh ~ which d,ecreases, or comes to an end, sabhe kitran, nfdak ka daru nahI."-var gau come to end. 1 m 5. "rog mrtE harr avkhadhu lar." ~ [avsekh] Skt~ adjremainder, balance. -sukhmani. 2 n end, a conclusion. ~ [avgaJ)] See ~. "guJ)ah vasr avgaJ) ~'ffi') [avsecan] Skt n watering, irrigating. nasE."-asa cMt m 1. 2 Skt to insult. 2 getting wet with sweat, perspiring profusely. ~ [avgaJ)r] adv because of faults and 3 extracting blood from the body; phlebotomy. foibles. "avgaJ)r muthe cota khahi."-asa m 3.
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[avguI).] opposite of virtue; a fault, vice. 2 a sin. 3 a crime. ~ [avgUI).I] because of demerit, due to vices. See~2. ~ [avgat] Skt adjknown. 2 fallen, apostate. ~ [avguI).Iara], ~ [avguI).Iari] 3 Skt ~ adj unknown. "vahguru jo avgat adj vicious, devoid of virtue, "avguniari kat hE us di gatI i?abad kar lakhde hen."-JSBM vIsari."-dhana chat m 1. "avgat lila satguru keri. "-GPS. ~it [avguI).i] adj having faults; accused, 4 indestructible. 5 Skt ~ invisible, criminal. 2 full of drawbacks. "avguI).i formless. 6 n Kamdev, god of love. 7 the bharpur hE."-oakar. 3 with or because of Creator. 8 soul. demerits. ~ [avgatI] Skt n intellect, understanding. ~~ [avguI).u] See ~<Y. "gUI).u avguI).u 2 fall (as against rise) "teri gatI avgatI nahi mera kIChu na bicana."-vaQ eMit m 5. jaI).iE."-basat m 1. 'Your rise and fall is ~ [avgun], ~ [avguni] See ~ and beyond comprehension.' 3 low speed. ~. ~m [avgatI baI).I], ~wfo [avgatI ~ [avguniara] adj having a flaw. "avguniare manSE bhalo na kahI hE koI." banI] speech of the unspeaking One; God's unsaid utterance. 2 immortal word meditated -skabir. upon with complete concentration. "avgatI ~ [avagya] Skt 3TCOO n an insult. 2 a defeat, baI).I choqI mntmaqalI tau pache setback, reverse. 3 disobedience. 4 a literary pachutaI).a."-sri beI)i. figure of meaning, used for renouncing or denouncing even a good thing by mentioning ~ [avgan] See ~<Y. "avgan katI kie some of its demerits. This is also known as prabh apune."-prabha m 5. 2 Skt ~ n counting, reckoning. "Ira pfgla sukhman tIraskar (lit. reproach). Mde e avgaI). kat jahi?"-gau kabir. 'Where do Example: they go (after death)?' kIt hi kamI na dhaulhar })jiijdl()ijld l [avganhara], ~ [avg,miar], jItU han bISrae, ... ~ [avganiara] adj having faults or jalIjau ehu baqpana demerits; vicious, sinful. "avganiare pathar maIa laptae, ... bhare."-kan m 4. ESO raju na kItE kajI jItu nahI tnptae, ... ~ [avgam] Skt n sure knowledge, factual information. pat patabaru bIrthIa jIh raCI lobhae. -suhi m 5. ~ [avgahan], ~ [avagahanu] Skt n a bath taken by dipping in water; an ablution va sone ko janye jas6 tutE kan.-vrfd. by immersion. "bhatI bhatI ban ban ~ [avghat], ~ [avghat] adj a difficult way, rough path. "Ik avghat ghati ram ki." avgahe."-majh m 5. 2 churning. 3 an investigation, search. "sagal dev hare -s kabir. 2 difficult, inaccessible. "avghat avgahI." -sukhmani. galia bhiria."-maru m 4. "avghat utar sarovar majan karE."-BGK. "avghat sarvan navE." ~ [avagIa] See~. "jo jo karE avagIa -asa a m 1. 3 See u.rfc ~. jan ki hOI gaIa tat char."-dhana m 5.
[avgaI).Ian] adj having demerits, sinful, vicious. "kamaI).I kamI na avai khoti avgaI).IarI."-sri a m 1. 2 insulting, degrading.
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[avghat] Skt n an injury, a wound, concussIOn. })j'i;e09G1 [avacniy] Skt adj unspeakable, unutterable, beyond words. 2 not fit to be spoken. ~o [avchfn] Skt ~ adj separated, parted. 2 without an attribute; an adjective or epithet. 3 See ~ and ~. ~ [avched] Skt ~ n a secret, separation, a difference. 2 a division, partiition. 3, an investigation, a scrutiny, critical research. ~ [avchedak] Skt ~ adjwho divides, or separates. 2 who investigates. ~ [avachedy] Skt~ adjdifferentiable. ~ [avcMn] Skt 3rqce~?T adf covered. 2 spread. ~ [avjhar] See ~. 2 adj which does not drop or fall off, infallible. ~ [avjhera] n a dispute, controversy. 2 an enigma, a complication. "cltr baCI.tr IhE avjhera."-gclU kabir bavan. ~ [avat], ~C<Y [avatar:l], ~o [avat'an], ~ [avattal).] v to boil on constant low heat. "sam nirhI ki avatEh6."-krIsan. 2 to melt, mould. "kanak avat sace janu CJhara."-dIlip. 3 n heat of fire. "sahE avattal). agg da."-BG ~ [avl).e$] Skt ~ n the master of the earth, a king. "avl).e$ al).in sudharhfge." -kalki. ~ [avat] See ~. ~ [avtar] adj without a son; childless. 2 Skt ~ n going across, crossing. 3 imitation. 4 a ladder. 5 birth; assumption of body. ~ [avtarak] Skt rf~3Cf. n lack of estimation or guess. "kaha tarak avtarak." -akal. ~ [avtaral)], ~ [avtarna] See ~ 2 and 5. ~ [avtarr] adv having been born, having
taken birth. "avtarr aI kaha tum kina."-suhi kabir. ~ [avtarru], })j'i;3dJl? [avtaryu] took birth, was born. "nanak kul1 nfmalu avtarlu."-savEye m 3 ke. ~ [avata] adj~ caught in a vortex. 2 S ~. opposite, contrary, reverse. "phrrhI avata 10I."-gau var 2 m 5.3 wayward, crude. 4 headstrong. ~ [avtar] Skt n birth, especially human. "manukha avtar durlabh."-asa ravdas. 2 taking birth, being born. 3 descending. 4 birthofagod in bodily form. SeeBm~ and t!'R ~. "avtar na janhI ;'it, parmesar parbraham bI;'it."-ram m 5. 5 a four line matrrk metre, each line having 23 matras with two pauses at the 13 th and subsequent 1Qth matra, the last two matras being laghu and guru. This metre is found in Dasam Granth where the writer has erroneously given it the title of a couplet by mistake as: "asthan mukh IE krrsn tlh, upar 501 gae, dhaI tabE brrj 10k sabh, god uthaI lae." -krIsan. ~ [avtari] who takes birth. 2 who descends. 3 in taking birth. "kIsanu sada avtari rudha."-vaQ m 3. })j<;3'a'1H<;3 I d [avtarisavtar] adj ~-EtF.r ~ chief incarnation. "avtarisavtar dhara ke bhar utaral).."-kalki. ~ [avt;'is] Skt n an ornament. 2 a crown. 3 a bridegroom. 4 a king. 5 a knoll on a high mountain. 6 a pinnacle of a temple. ~ [avad] See ~. 2 adj ~ which cannot be described. ~ [avdat] Skt adj white. 2 clean. 3 beautiful. 4 superb, grand. "bas-hI vlpr Ik tahI avdat."-GPs. ~ [avdan] Skt n a virtuous action, meritorious wOlrk. 2 good moral character.
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the earth, Sita. See lfBr. 3 refutation, demolition. [avady] Skt adjcriticised, condemnable. ~ [avnIp], ~ [avanIpal], ~ 2 sinful, mean, vile. [avni$], ~Q [avni$var], ~ [avnip], ~ [avadh] n Koshal country. 2 a principal ~ [avne$], ~ [avn;'ibar] n the master town of Koshal, Ayodhya. 3 See nmtr. "dIn of the earth, its nourisher, God and husband: a king. "sunat rIs-hI bhej avnip."-GPs. dIn avadh ghatatu h."-sri kabir. 4 See~. ~ [avdhan] Skt n concentration of mind, "k;'ibar jy6 jark;'ibar ki q,hIg tay6 avnabar tir meditation. 2 attention, vigilance. 3 pregnancy, suhae."-aj. conception. "tako patI margayo jab tahI ~ layman] SkI n a disregard, an insult. rahyo avdhan."-carItr 15. ~ [avyav] SkI n a limb. 2 a part, segment. ~ [avadhI] Skt n boundary, border. ~ [avar] SkI adj not grand; low, mean. 2 appointed time. 3 age. 4 time of death. 2 inferior. "rrdhI sIdhI avra sad."-japu. ~ [avdhIs] n ~-ElF.r. king of Avadh, 3 close, contiguous. 4 SkI 'l?flRr first. 5 last, Dashrath. "avdhIs gaj-hfge."-ramav. previous. 6 second. "jhur marhI dohagl).i ~ [avdhut] SkI adj made to tremble, jInI avri laga nehu."-var mala m 2. 7 who opposes; who contends. exorcised. 2 destroyed. 3 n a person freed from vices through exorcism; a sadhu, saint. ~ [avaral).] SkI ~. n a slander. 2 adj 4 a renouncer, a recluse, an ascetic. See~. colourless. 3 outcaste. 4 beyond words and letters. 5 ~ indescribable. 6 See ~. ~ [avdhutani] a female saint, renouncer or recluse. They rub ashes on their bodies and ~ [avrat] SkI adj devoid of love. 2 separate. wear robes of monks. The first female monk 3 static. 4 See ~. 5 See ~. was Ganga Giri after whom the sect started. ~"ElU [avarataethah] SkI 31TCITfit2.TT: say They are initiated only by nuns because again and again. "avarataethah sudh monks cannot initiate them. The nuns do not acharl).ah."-sahas m 5. have the right to sit in a line formed by the ~ [avarda] n age, life. "han dhIai sagal monks. avarda."-majh m 5. "hau hau karat bIhaI ~ [avdhes], ~FRr [avdhesar] king of avarda."-sorath m 5. 2 See ~. 3 See Avadh, Dasharath. 2 Lord Ram Chandar. ~. ~ [avadhy] SkI adj not fit to be ~ [avran] See ~. 2 adj n-RJ"-?i", not slaughtered. See l?{'8"(f:1f. immortal; mortal. "kI Ihu man avran sada ~ [avan] SkI n I?rotection, defence. 2 the aVInasi."-malar m 3. 'Is this conscience act of pleasing some one. mortal, or ever indestructible?' ~ [avnat] SkI adj bent, humble. 2 fallen, ~ [avarI] part other, another. "avarI outcaste. nrraphal kama."-suhi m 1. ~ [avnatI] SkI n humility, bowing. 2 fall, ~ [avrit], ~ [avrita] adj >'>f-~. not downfall, degeneration. covered; free from the defect of cover or screen; whose veil of ignorance is removed. ~ [avallI] SkI n the earth; land, ground, soil. "hau balrhari sajna mita avrita."-suhi chat ~ 1331' [avanI suta], ~ cgwm [avanI m 1. 2 contrary custom. 3 opposite motion, kumari], iWo ci'o:sr" [avallI k;'inya] n born of reverse routine.
~
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[avaru] part and, other, another. "kahE prabhu avaru, avaru kIChu kijE."-bIla am 4. 2 pron stranger, other than self. "avar updesE apI na karE."-sukhmani. 3 See })f~. ~ [avrekhan], ~ [avrekhna) v to engrave, carve, draw. 2 to write. 3 to see, watch. 4 to guess,estimate. "rajan mahI raja avrekha."-raghu. ~ [avrev] Skt n a zig-zag gait. 2 an ironJical statement; which conveys an oblique meaning. ~[avrohaJ:l] Skt n a descent, fall. 2 going downward, descending. ~ [avrohi] Skt ~ n a musical ton,e in which tunes are set in descending pitch. 2 adj descending. ~ [avrodh] Skt n an obstacle, impediment. 2 an encirclement, a siege. ~ [avrag] emperor Aurangzeb. See j~. "avrag kur karyo baq. bada."-GPs. ~[aval] A JJI n origin, beginning. 2 adjfirst, topmost, foremost. ~ [avla] See 'tm?'". 2 See~. ~ [avaII] advin the beginning. "avalI alah nur upaIa."-prabh kabir. 2 See~. ~ [avli] Skt ~ n a multitude, crowd, group. 2 line, row, file. "avli su hiran kJi jati si."-NP. ~ [avlehan] Skt n lapping with tongue. 2 a thing to be lapped. ~ [avlom], ~ [avlokan] Skt~l?f'iJia:o seeing, viewing. "karI kupa prabhu nadarI avlokan."-asa m 5. "avlokya braham bharam sab chutkya."-savE'ye m 4 ke. 2 an inspection, a scrutiny. ~ [avlab] Slrt n a support, prop, basis. ~ [avlaban] v to support, adopt. ~ [avalla] adj slanted. 2 irate. ~ laval n ~'. a brick kiln. "dEt jare jEse it ava pE."-cik;fi 1. ~ [avaIl] A J,JI adj plural of~~ first,
initial. 2 old, anciient. 3 habits or ways of childhood. See ~~. ~ [avail n arrival. 2 vagrancy. 3 adj unfortunate. "manmukh ram na japE avai." -maru solhe m 1. 4 fruitless, in vain. "manmukh pacE avai he."-maru solhe m 1. "chaq.q., avai karhf ju bat."-NP. ~ lavas] adj without clothes, naked. 2 Skt, ~ n a house, home, residence. ~ [avasa] See l?~. 2 adjwithout clothes, naked. ~ [avasi] n a yawn; it is a sign of indolence and sleep. It is written in Mishkat that a sneeze comes with div; 'le grace and a yawn with divine anger. One who does not cover his mouth with hand during a yawn is laughed at by Satan. In Sikhism there is no question of good or bad; a yawn is a natural activity of the body. See ~. ~ [avahan] adj without a carriage or conveyance. "kavan gupha jItu rahE avahan."-sIdhgosafI. 'Where is the cave in which a soul settles after giving up the conveyance of life?' 2 See ~. ~ [avak] adj who does not speak; silent, mute, dumb. ~ [avac] adj silent. 2 Skt ~ adj not worthy bf being uttered. 2 not fitto speak to; low, mean. ~ [avaci] Skt n south direction. "kahU lakhyo harI avaci dIsa mahI, kahu pachah ko sis nIvayo."-akal. 'Some (Hindus) see you in the south and some (Muslims) bow their heads to the west (Kaaba)'. 2 a dumb person, mute. 3 a woman with a downcast face. 4 goddess Bhavani. ~ [avajl See ~. ~ [avajar] See ~. ~ [avatar] Skt 3lCfRf{ adj inner, interior, internal.
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[avadhy] Skt adjunstoppable. 2 without hindrance, unobstructed, unhindered. ~ [avan] P ~ n a house, building. "lut line avana."-VN. 2 a Muslim caste living in an abundant number in Jehlum district and along the Indus river. 3 Skt dry fruit. 4 breathing, respiration. ~ [avay] Skt ~:;r adj unstoppable, irremovable. ~ [avar] Pkt n delay. 2 Skt nearside bank; nearside. 3 ~ which cannot be obstructed, unstoppable. 4 This word has also been used in place of faro. "chapran ke jahf u<;le avare."-carItr 93. ~ tJTij' [avar par] near and far banks. 2 this and the next world. 3 Skt a sea having two coasts. ~ [avara] adj unrestrained, stray. 2 P ~JI,1 adj lazy, worthless. 3 ruined. ~ [avI] See l?ffu. ~ [aVIakat] Skt~ adjwithout body, formless. 2 n God. 3 soul. 4 Kamdev, Cupid. ~ [avIavar] adj or unable to conceive. 2 barren, sterile. "aVIavar na vIavai."-BG ~ [avIhIt] Skt adj arbitrary, unnatural, prohibited. ~ [aVIkat] See ~. 2 Skt ~~ unchanged, unadulterated; original, real. "avIkatua abhaga."-gyan. ~ [aVIkal] Skt adj unbewildered, calm, unfl ustered. ~ [ilVIkalap] Skt ~tf adv without doubt, surely, without a alternative. 2 defin ite. ~ [avIkhad] Skt~. adjwho is never demoralised; ever in high-spirits. 2 without lethargy. 3 without bafflement. ~ [avIg] See ~. ~(JJ' [avfg] adj without a bend; straight. "navam avfg ju sudha brse."-GPs. ~ [avIgatj, ~ [avIgatu] SkI adj
which cannot be narrated, indescribable. 2 ~ indestructible, ever-existent. "tatu aVIgatu dhIaIa."-guj a ill 1. 3 See ~. 4 See d'I8 ~. 5 See 'fuoB. ~ [avIgy] Skt ~ adj who does not possess full knowledge; ignorant. ~ [avIgyata] Skt ~ n ignorance, naivety, simplicity. ~ [avIghat] See ~. ~ [avIcal] See ~. ~ 'i'i'aRf [avIcal nagar] See ~ C'i'ilTO. ~ [aVIcar] See rfuBro. ~ [avIcari] adjunthinking, thoughtless. ~ [avIchin] Skt~ adjnot separate, continuous, unbreakable. ~ [aVIjat], ~ [avIjata] adjbelonging to a low caste. "tumra jan jatI aVIjata han japIu."-basJt ill 4. 2 not well-known, unknown. })jf~,.l'f3 [avIjatI] n a low-caste. 2 not casteless, well-born, of gentle blood. ~ [aVIt] Pkt n without a body; Kamdev, Cupid. "alap sukh aVIt cacal."-sahas ill 5. 2 Skt adj protected. 3 without money, poor, penniless. ~ [avId], ~ [avid] Skt ~ adjwithout knowledge, ignorant, foolish. 2 See ~. ~ [.wIda] adj who comes and stays. "ag ag me avida."-gyan. ~ [aVIdat] See ~. ~ [aVIdIa] See ~. ~3' [avIdIt] adj not revealed, not manifest; hidden. ~ [aVIdy] SkI adj uneducated, illiterate. ~ [avIdya] Skt n ignorance, foolishness. 2 state of human life which entangles the soul 111 Ignorance. iMT [avidh] See ))fTf?rr. Mq [avIddh] adj not pierced. rfuol;r [avInay] Skt n lack ofdecorum or good
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behaviour, impertinence, crassness, obtuseness. ~ [avInasi] adjindestructible, immortal. "hangul.). sUl.).iahI aVInasi."-suhi chat m 5. 'Let us listen to the virtues ofthe imperishable god.' 2 n God, the Eternal. 3 Vishnu. "krudhkE yuddh kIyo bahu cac;lI, na eto kIyo madhu s6 aVIna!;,i."-cJ<;ii I. ~ raVInE] See ~. ~ [avutha] See ~. ~ [avual] SkI adj without interstice; dense, thick. 2 without a gap. ~ [avuita] See ~. ~ [avI10I], })jr~M re(,) [avIlom], rfuM"cro [avIlokan] See ~cro 1. "avIlokan punah punah karau jan ka darsar."-suhi m 5. 2 See ~cro 2. "sastra bed puran aVIloko,,"-dev m5. ~ [aVIlab] SkI ~ advwithout dday, soon, at once. :~ SkI ~ n a basis,. prop. "tere nam aVIlab bahut jan udhre."-g5<;i
namdev.
[avIvek] See ~. ~ [aVIveki] See ~. ~ [avicaril adj devoid of prudence, d iscrim inate. "ham din murakh avicari." -malar m 3. ~ [aves] See~. wfJ:rnrr [avesIa] SkI ~. adj entered, settled. "sabad avesIa."-BG ~ [avesta] See ~. ~ [aveha] adv like this, of this kind, such. ~ [aver] See :~. ~ 1Wa' [aver saver] See ~ mre. ~ [avEdIk] SkI adj not provided in the Veds. ~ [avEya] adj(one) who comes, the arriving (one). ~ [avEya] See ~. ~ [avEv] a limb,See ~ 1. "sut aVEV sabh dekhan lagi."-NP
[avEfa] adjcrooked. 2 perverse, devious. 3 obstinate. ~;:r [avoj] adj ~-;:r protector of force, conservator of strength or splendour. "avojasc."-gyan. ~ [avatIka], ~ [avati] SkI ~ a town on the bank of Avanti (Shipra) river in Gwalior state of central India. It is also named Vishala and Ujjain. It is counted among the seven Puris (cities) of the Hindus. "ajudhya gomti avatIka krdar hImdhar hE."-BGK. 2 where river Avanti (Shipra) flows, Malwa. ~ [avyakt] See ~. ~ [avyay] SkI adj which does not deteriorate but remains unaffected. "!;'uddh / vIapak avyay sou."-NP 2 n the Creator. 3 in grammar, a word that does not change its form, like to', fGO, and })fl'fu. 4 a miser; a niggard, who does not spend money. })j~:;l'rq3 [avyaknt] SkI ~ adj not liable to change, in constant state. 2 hidden, not visible. 3 in Vedant, ignorance is the cause of the world. "jIs agyan vIkhe Ih khat hE tIS hi ko avyaknt kahiE."-GPS. 4 according to Sankhy philosophy, material cause of the universe. ~ [avyapat:t:] SkI ~ n opposite of ~. 2 a defect of the symbol, when it is not applicable to th~ whole but only to a part. For example, when we define cow as a brown quadruped, this definition does not apply to a reddish brown, white or white-spotted cow. ~ [avral).] Skt adJwithout a wound or tumour, blameless. 2 spotless. ~ [avval] See ~. r;I tar] n stubbomness, obstinacy. "Im ar hfdun ki jab tuti."-GPS. 2 obstruction. 3 interruption. })j;fq [arak] See nfc~. s3W[artala] n a place of shelter. "upbanlehu
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222 artala larbe."-GPs. Example: ~ [ardal] n the job or post of an orderly, a "vIdya se anurag, n:n dIn kijIye, group of peons, despatch riders. 2 attendance nIj ~akti anusar, sabhIn sukh dijIye, upon some officer as the "mE ap di ardal VICC svarath ka va~ hoy, na parhani karo, ha." prabhuta ar dhan man, rrde me na dharo." 4 The fourth form of afIll has 21 matras per ~ [ardali] an orderly. See~. line, each ending in SIS combination with ))f;fOT [arna] v to get stuck, stay. 2 to fight. 3 to oppose. "gurmukh SIU manmukh arE."-var pauses at 11 th and subsequent 10th matra, with the proviso that the fourth line begins with a majh m 2. ))S'8' [arab] adj obstinate, obdurate, stubborn. vocative like ho! harM! which are not counted among matras. This is also called "cJbola." ~ [arbail n obstinacy, stubbornness. Example: ~ [arbag] See l'>S8". })f3T [ara] suf added to words, it indicates "sum: gug jo yahI, su rasna pavai, sum: murh CIt laI, caturta avai, triviality; its form is only ra also. See~, ~, f'l::n:I;p-, ~, etc. dukh darad bhJ nIkat, na tIn nar ke rahE, ~ [afIa] a vocative of endearment for a ho ! jo yaki Ik bar, cJpai ko kahE." -benti c:Jpai de at. male addressee, its feminine equivalent being ~. 2 See))f;fOT. l)f;ft [ari] n stubbornness, obstinacy. ~ [afIara] adj stubborn. 2 opposing. ~ [arial] adj stubborn, obstinate. 3 belligerent. ~ [ariel a vocative for female addressee showing familiarity. ~ [arIll, ~ [arIll] a four-line matrrk metre, each line having 16 matras and ending ~ [aruha] a four-line varl).Ik metre, also with an 511 arrangement. called sayukta with each line organised as Example: 115, 151, 151, S. "q,olat jahf tahf purakh apavan, Example: lagat kat-hI dharam ko dayan, "saj SEn bhart cale taha, arth-hI chaq, anarath batavat, ral). bal bir maq,e jaM, dharam karam cIt ek na lavat."-kalki. bahu bMtbir sagharhi, sar ogh progh praharahl."-ramav. 2 In the second form of afIll, each line has sixteen matras in ISS combination. ~ [arokcll).] n a support, stay, an obstacle. Example: ~ [arag] adjobstinate, stubborn. 2 entangled guru nanak sIkhya man dharo, in limbs. "kI aragasc."-gyan. 3 curved. gurujan ki riti na vIsaro, 4 contentious. kahI kar yak kadi n<lhI haro, l)fT [a] Skt part from all sides. "a samudr b phui duhai."-dIlip. 2 to, upto, unto. 3 prep saty dharam jag me parcharo. 3 The third form of afIll has 21 matras in which preceding a verb denotes profusion as each line with pauses at 11 th matra in 151 in ~, l?fTOT)-I?), ~, ~~, etc. 4 in combination and subsequent lOth matra in SIS Punjabi, it replaces terminal 'h' of Persian combination respectively. It is also called words as in tRre'" for tre'eU. "cadrayal).." fT [a] Skt part expressing wonder. 2 yes. 3 P
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d 1 pran he, she, that. "na rIjak d21sat a kase."var majh m 1. 'No one (but God) controls the wherewithal of living creatures.' ~ time, occasion. 5 a moment, an instant. ~ [au] See ~. "au sat mit pIare."-majh m 5. 2 SkI l')fl1!f n age, duration of life:. ~ [aukha] SkI ~ n age, life-span. ~ [auqhi] See >li"';ft. ~ [aUJ.)a] SkI l'>fTOTH(') advent. ~ 8-0 [au bEth], ~ ~ [au bagat] n welcome, reception. "au bEth adar sab thai." -sor m 5. ~ raul] Sklf3"~ n placenta, foetal membrane. 2 See~. ~ [aula] SkI' ~ n a kind of myrobalan tree and its fruit; (L Emblicmyrobalan). It is sour in taste and is used in pickles and preserves; its effect is cold and dry and is constipative; it cures diseases of stomach and liver, and strengthens muscles of heart, eyes and brain; it stops nosebleading. It is a component of itrIphala (lit. three fru:its), the other two being chebidic myrobalan and the Bellerie mYJrObalan. It is good for inflammation of gall bladder and gonorrhoea. ~ [auIi] n fate, predestination, destiny. 2 Skl~ a kind of small-sized myrobalan; forest myrobalan. ~ [au] See fl'~. 2 will come. 3 some one to come, the awa:ited one. nrr>1faT [a-ag] See l'W and nfor. l'Wfu [aI] n age. 2 adv having come. "aI mIlu gursIkh, aI mJ:lu."-tIlag m 4. 3 one c:orning, arriving, that is, taking birth. "aI na jai thn sada."-sri a m 5. 4 See })f'ljf. ~ [awl came, arrived. 2 SkI <\Wf: n profit. "jEdev aIU tas saphuta."-guj 'evidently gains from him.' ~ [aIaTa] adj one arrived. "gharI 2lIaTe sajna."-suhi c11Jt m 1.
[ara] adj arrived, came. 2 was born, took birth. :; n birth. "aIa tIn ka saphalu bhIa hE IkmanI jIni dhIaIa."-vaQ alaha1).i m 1. l'WfuJ:r [aIs] SkI i1tifl1 adj of iron or steel. 2 n an armour, a helmet. 3 steel. "aIs patI pItl).i."-sanama. 'king of armour, Indar, and the earth of his father Kashyap.' 4 Skl))fTtjflj. command. l'>f'fuJJ [aIsu] order. See'l?fTfuR" 4. >wfu3" [aIt] SkI l?rrf3J:r n the sun. 2 Sunday. 3 See l'}[TljJ'3', l'Wfu3o [aItan] See l'WOI3O. l'>f'fE-er [a:rda] P 6",1 future. l')fTfuq [aIdh] See l'WWT. nrrfu'S' [aIbo] v to come. "na kachu aIbo na kachu jaIbo."-dhcma pipa. 2 to take birth. ~ [aITa] See ~. 2 n the letter })f. "aITE apI kare j:rnI choqi."-asa pati m 1. ~ [aITIa] advon arrival, after those who came. "je mE hoda varIa mIta aIpa." -s farid. ~ [ail n death. "ai na metal). ko samrath." ---:oakar. 2 age, llife-span. 3 aymata, goddess Durga; a temple of a goddess of this name at Baibhilara in Rajputana is famous. See >wEt tfEr. 4 wealth or illusion. "ai puta Ihu jagu sara."-bila thIti m 1. 5 past tense of~. 6 future tense l'>f~. "Ihu vela kat ai."-gau kabir. 7 Smother. 8 a calamity. 9 Dg a rope for tying an elephant. ~ lain] p I n management, administration, government. 2 law, rules. ~ [aina] P ~'i" n a mirror. In ancient times a well-rubbed piece of iron (ahan) was used for this purpose, hence this name. ~ [aiputa] See ~ and ~ tf'Ef. 2 creation ofthe material world, maya. "aiputa Ihu jagu sara."--bIla thIti m 1. ~tr [aipath] a radical wing of shakits, The worshippers of Shiv and power, opposed to
rL
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dak~In marag. See l'>1dQ(')'dlJ;!d and ~. Singh. She was very religious, brave and See >wit 3.2 one ofthe twelve sects of yogis judicious by nature. which is more liberal in its dealings with other ~ [a~caray] See ~ and })ffiQji. sects. ~ rasa})] SkI l'>fTR'()" n a place, state, seat; an ~tft [aipathi] a worshipper of mother Ay act of sitting. 2 a cloth spread to sit upon. (iron, weapon, fire). 2 Gorakhpanth yogis who 3 third stage of yog during which the are worshippers of shakti (power). 3 See >wit practitioner assumes his sitting posture. In yog tIEr 2. "aipathi sagal jamati."-jdpU. 'befriending shastar 84 postures have been taken from all is to be an ai pathi.' various movements of animals, birds and l')fTR" [as] SkI 3m:[, vr to sit; to be present; to be; positionings of some other objects. Four of to forsake. 2 SkI 3TN1T n hope, expectation, them are considered paramount. They are: desire, longing. "as anIt tIag-hu tarag." (a) sIddhasan: keeping left heel under the -sukhmdni. 3 direction, side. "tat khel jfh rectum and right heel under the phallus. as."-NP 4 SkI ~. mouth. "namo as ase (b) padmasan: placing ofleft foot on the right lldmo bak bake."-jdpU. 5 a face. 6 SkI fTF.r, thigh and the right foot on the left thigh and food, meals. 7 SkI fTR", ash. See E ash. 8 a catching with the right hand extended from behind the back, the big toe of the right foot seat. 9 a bow. 10 soon, quickly. "kalu ko bulaI and catching the big toe of the left foot with raI lin tab as hE."-NP See~. 11 P vI the left hand and keeping the chin away from a millstone. See l'>fTRHT()". 12 P Jl an essence extracted by boiling some object, as the the chest, by a width of four fingers to essence of barley. concentrate the gaze on the tip of one's nose. l')fTR""fTi.t [asase] See fTR" 4. (c) sfhasan: sitting with ankles placed tightly under the rectum and the phallus, and placing ~ [asak] A cf... SkI ~ adj who loves. "nanak asak kiiQhiE sad-hi rahE samaI."-var both hands on the knees fixing the gaze on asa m 2. 2 SkI an eater, a guzzler. See fTR" 6. the tip of the nose. (d) bhadrasan: catching the big toes while ~ [askat] SkI ~. adj who loves, rapt, engrossed. "bIkhE ras SIU askat mure."-kan keeping the posture of padamasan. "jog SI dh asa}) caurasih ebhi kan kan rahI a."-sor d m m 5. 2 SkI ~ powerful, mighty. ~ [a~kar] P .J~r adj apparent, manifest, 5. 4 SkI ~jaw. obvious; its pronunciation as ~ is also ))fTR3' [asat] See l'lffir. 2 ~. adj a believer in correct. God and in the other world. 3 n west. "UdE ~ [aski] P j?.. n love, state of being in nahl asat."-maru solhe m 1. 4 a weapon, a love. "eh kInehi aski dUjE lagE jaI."-var asa missile. "asat dhare nIhare."-gyan. m2. >wFI3Or [astak] See~. nf1'R9 [asaku] See ~. ~ [astarl, ~ [astara})], fTFI'3'"d?i ~ [a~ke] part bravo! well done! S~. [asataran] ~-3JTttRUT n a bedstread; a bed for a newly married couple. "astaran bar l')fTR" cia" [as br] queen of Raja Sahib Singh of Patiala. She carried on the administration bIsad vIsala."-GPs. 2 a warm covering for during the reign of her husband and during an elephant. the minority of her son Maharaja Karam l)fll'ET [astii] P (:,Il;:-l n a place. 2 a door. 3 a
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function. ))fTRl.ITH" [aspas] near about, around, in the vicinity. "as pas ghan tursi ka bnva."-gau kabir. nrrH" ~ [as pIas] n strong hope, intense desire. ~ [aspurI).a], ~ [aspuma] n caste goddess of Chauhan Rajputs who believe her to be the fulfiller fo all desires. 2 service of the spiritual guide. 3 spiritual knowledge of self. ~ ~ [asphul d:Jla] See l?IFI"e' l::fTO. l)fTR}-fI'i") [asman] See })fFI}fl('). l)fTR}-fI'i") 1:fTi"i [asman xan] son-in-law of Painde Khan who stole Baba Gurditta's hawk, and together with Painde Khan fought against Hi'i"W. Guru Hargobind at Kartarpur in Sammat ~ [astin] P JI n the sleeve ofa shirt, coat. 1691. He was killed by Baba Gurditta in this ~ [aste] See ~. battle. ~ [asthai] See ~ 4 - 5. l)fTR}-fI'i") '6'a" tasman car] n a rambler of the sky, ))fl'FJ(') [asan] See ~. "nIvli karam asan bird. 2 an arrow.-sanama. caurasih In mahI satI na aVE jiu.."-majll m 5. ~ [asmudr] adv up to the sea. "asmudr 2 a saddle. "asan ae bag gahI balvac;l vIsesa." b phni duhai."-GPs. -GPS. 3 Skt 3mT., thunderbolt of Indar, ~ [asmat] Skt W-'fflf3". adv on all sides, lightning. 4 Indar. 5 one who serves meals. all around. 2 with full ceremony, very ~o [asanaksun] adj who siits in pl~rfect properly. mental tranquillity. "asanaksun anbIkat ))f'1"f.I'lif [a$ay] n an aim, object, intention. 2 a rag."-datt. longing, wish. })j1"H'(")T [asna] Skt n state, stage, situation. 2 See ))fTR'a" [asar] Skt~ n a prop, basis, stay. 2 an ~. asylum, a resort" refuge. "jIh asar Ia bhavjal ~ [asnai] See ~. tarI).a."-bavan. "Ih asar puran bhae kam." l'>I'Hfo [asanI] on or in a seat. "pna aI base -gaum 5. gnh asanI."-mala m 5. l)fTffiJ}f [asram] See fTlJH. })jiHf(')ii@'H [asnxvas] adj home of all hopes; l'>fTFI'eT [asra] See ))fTR'a". whom people trust for the fulfilment of their ~ [asav] Skt n life breath. 2 a type of wine hopes. See })jTfjT f'iwtH. not extracted through distillation but prepared ))fIFIO't [asni] n lust, hope. "prabhu puran asni by fermentation, like somras and toddy. mere mana."--asa m 5. 2 See fTJfu:i. :J See lWl1;/t [asri] n a hope, desire, an expectation. rHo. "nanak asri nI'bahI."-var jet. })('FI1.It!' [aspad] Skt })j1'"P1.R'. n a place, spot. 2 a l')flW rasa] Skt })flBT n a desire to have, hope. position, rank.. 3 reputation, honour. 4 work, "asa karta jagu mua."-var guj 1 m 3. 2 a hermitage. l1fTRfd" [asatI] See l?fflJ. 2 short form of~. 3 ~ existence. See ~. ~ [astIk] Skt ~ adj who believes in the existence of the Creator and of the other world; a theist. })jIHfdCld l [astIkta], ~ [astIky] n theism; firm beliefin the Creator and in the hereafter, Theist. ~ [astik] Skt 31mlTcr a sage who was the son of sage Jaratkar and Mansa, sister of Vasuki, cobra. During a sarapmedh (killing of snakes) ritual, he saved the tribe of his mother, the Talkshak and Anant snakes. "atyo astika maha vIpr sIddha."-janmejay. See
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direction, side. "turn nahI avo tab It asa."

-NP. "magan manE mahI cItvau asa nEnhu
tar tuhari."-kedam 5. 3 a musical measure in its own right, sung in the early morning. Guru Angad Dev started the daily routine of singing Asa di Var in the presence ofGuru Nanak Dev. Guru Arjan Dev added to it twenty four stanzas composed by the fourth Guru, one stanza to each balladic measure. Now it is daily sung in the gurdwaras. "gaI rababi asa var."-GPs. In Sikh way of life, Asa is also sung in the course of evening prayer. In this measure, all notes are pure.! gadhar measure may be added to Asa in descending but not in ascending tone. The descending tone of Asa comprises sa, re, rna, pa, dha, ni, sa, and ascending tone has re, sa, ni, dha, pa, rna, ga, re, sa, in that order. 2 Among the Rags in Guru Granth Sahib Asa is the fourth in order. 3 4 aim, intention, purport. See >wF.ItiT. "ta babe us da asa jaJ.).Ia." -JSBB. 5 A (..,f' a club, heavy stick. "asa hatth kItab kacch."-BG "mansa man nIvanhu asa."-rnaru solhe m 5. 'Killing or eradicating of desire is hope. '4 ~ [asar] Skl>wF.ItiT n an object, a purport, meaning. "puran asaI."-bIla m 5. ~ [asaIs] See l)fIFl'Ttiff.f. ~ [asaIti] adj hopeful, expectant. 2 A ~r adj grieving (woman). "asaIti as kI as puraiE."-phunhe m 5. 'Fulfil the hope of the sorrowful' .
'For various notes See JVl" and ore. 2In view of differences in different places, singers join Asa with rishabh and dhaivat soft also. 3Many writers have considered Asa as a subordinate submeasure ofMegh and the time ofits rendition as sunrise. 4Muslim hermits also, like monks ofDandi sect, consider holding a club as their denominational sign.
[asai] n hope, expectation. "man mahI cItvau Esi asai."-asa m 5. fTH1FIfu [asas-hI] See fTRlRO. 2 See P (;i~bl.A. 3 to praise. 4 to raise, lift. l')fTWffi'; [asasan] Skt WlfFlO n an assurance, a consolation. 2 support, suCcour. "sIdh sadhak asas-hI."-sdveye m 3 ke. "chIa darsan asasr."-sdveye m 3 ke. lWW ft:fur rasa SIgh] a clerk of Guru Gobind Singh. Once, in order to help a poor Sikh, he sent a demand draft for Rs. 500 to another Sikh. That Sikh made the payment. When the demand draft was presented to the Guru, he enquired why it was sent without his order. Asa Singh got frightened and fled during the night, and sent the following couplet to the Guru: "mukh kara mero karE karat na parupkar, tIS ko mE phIl karogi pa1ta is darbar." This meant that the offence was of the clerk's pen which now says, 'if my face was not blackened for a good deed for another's good, then I would have in turn blackened the face of the clerk'. The Guru was pleased at Asa Singh's note and he called the latter back and reinstated him in the same job. ~ [asasE] See fTRlRO. lWW tft ~ rasa di var] written at the end of Asa measure in Guru Granth Sahib, it is a composition in saloks and balladic stanzas, by Guru Nanak Dev, though it also includes a few saloks of Guru Angad Dev. Since olden times it is sung early in the morning. Guru Arjan Dev also included in it 24 stanzas of Guru Ram Das to correspond to each balladic stanza, and taught the Sikhs to sing them. See BTQ~. "paryo bhog jab asavar."-GPs. l')f'WQ" [asadh], nrwfl:r [asadhIO] incurable. See l?fRl!T. "diragh rog maIa asadhIo."-geJU thItj m 5.
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[asan] P l.:Jl---l adj easy. rasa nlvas] See })fl11 ~,. "guru amardas asa nlvas."-savEye m 3 ke. l1f'FI'Td'Q' [asabadh], ~ [asabadhu] adjtied down because of hope; hopeful, expectant. ))fIW)f [asam] a country north east of Bengal and south of the Himalayas, mostly covered with forests, mines, rivers and streams. It was visited by Guru Nanak Dev and Guru Teg Bahadur. It was also known as Kamrup in the past. fTRT H7iW rasa mansa] hope and desire to acquire things. "asa mansa dou blnasat."
1?fTFrO lWW ~
-asa m 1.
P J!l.-1 n comfort; a happy state; this word is derived from the root )~. >wJtTij" [asar] SkI n a severe downpour or shower; rain. 2 Dg clouds. 3 A .1171 plural of 'I?fFRf, signs, indicators. 4 a trait. 5 breadth, width. ~ [asavri] This is a complete! musical measure, one of the ten arragements of musical notes or modulations oflndian music. It is sung for three hours of the day from the sunrise onward. It has three soft notes of gadhar, dhnrat and nl~ad, the remaining being pure (See ~ and '(5T'C) In asavari, dhEvat is basic but gadhar is only suppOlting, the remaining ones are all basic notes. During the ascent nl~?ad and gadhar are not used but all notes are applicable during the descent; five notes sa"re, rna, pa and dha figure in the ascent but seven notes sa, ni, dha, pa, rna, ga and re are uSI~d in the descent. Owing to the difference of place and opinion among most musicologists, many have accepted asavari singing in bhErav and bhnvi measures. In Guru Granth Sahib, asavri has been combined with asa measure also.
'Arohi has five and Avrohi seven tunes.
lWR"tiI'f.I' [asaya~]
t!t ~. hopeful, desirous. ~ [asavati] See~. "asavati as gusai, puriE."-var jEt. })f'I'A'I;f [asar] SkI ~ n the month of Harh. See ~. "asar suhada tIsu lagE jIsu manl hancaral). nlvasu."-majh baramaha. i)fTR1;1f [ asa r a] See ))fFIT3T. ~ [asap] during the month of Harh. ~ [asaru] See ~ and ~. ~ [aslkh], rwfRl:fI' [aslkha] SkI ~ n a blessing, benediction. >mIT [asi] A u~ adjwho sins, or is an evil doer, or a criminal. >mfb:r [asis] See nrrf'm:f. "puta, mata ki asis."
l)fTW
rasa va]'] See
fTFIT
~ [asavat] Slct31NrfCKf.adj
-gujm 5.
rJflo [asin] Skt adj sitting, seated. "sagal

manorath puran asina."-bIla m 5.2 situated. [asina] See 'l?fTFfto. })f'I'ffta' [asir] Skl)~ a blessing. 2 See l?flfur. l?!IA~a'i@eo [asirvacan], l?!iA~a'i@'t! [asirvad] SkI n a blessing, benediction. See nrrf'm:f. >WJJ [asu] SkljTff adv at once, promptly. "asu hi tichan IE aSI ~ri han."-knsan. 2 SeefIJ. l?filJ [asu] n a tear, tears. ))fI}jCIT [asug] adj quick-footed. 2 n wind. 3 an arrow. 4 light. >WJJ3cr [asutokh] Sk/~ adjeasy to please. 2 n Guru Nanak Dev. 3 Shiv according to the Purans. ~ [a~uftah] P ":pI adj upset, perplexed. Its root is ~30. ~ [a~uftan] P ~1 v to be distraught, bewildered or deeply agitated. ))fTJJQ' [asur], l?!lJg''dT [asuri] adj concerning a demon, of a demon. 2 n an ogress, a giantess. "suri asuri kfnll"i rijh rahlt purnan."-carItr 2. 3 See~ 2. ~ J:i'ufd" [asuri sapatl], ))fl1J'ffi Htrer [asuri sapada] SkI ~~ ~n wealth or glory earned
~
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through demonic means. 2 excess of foul Hinduism: brahrncharay, gnhasth, vanprasth actions like lust, anger, etc. and sanyas. "car varan car asram hahI, jo ~ [asures] king of demons. See ~R. han dhIavE so pardhanu."-g5c;i m 4. See tr'O "asures kopa h;"lkari."-cac;ii 2. fl1Jlf. l"I;I [asu] soon, quickly, See i>fTl.J 1. "gaman ~ [asrmai] See~. "kamal bIgSE tayar bhae kayo asu."-NP. madhu asrmai."-sri m 5. 'Lotus blooms and >WJ;f [asu] n tears. honey drips.' ~ [asu!).i] n hope, desire, wish. "vatI asu!).i ))fTlJ}ft [asrarni] adj who lives in a hermitage. banI."-s farid. 'having tied the luggage of 2 who lives through the four-stages of life. countless hopes'. 2 adj an unrealizable hope. fTlllif [asray] See fTffiJ. "tat asray;"l nanak." -sahas m 5. ~ [asudan] P (,;)JYI v to be comfortable, be prosperous. f'TFJ~ [asrav] Skt n flow, current. 2 n a ~ [asuda] P o ';l adjin comfort, prosperous. dripping, falling in drops. 2 happy. 3 living in comfort. "gaj baji asude fTfJIs [asnch], l"lfTfi:r3" [asnt] Skt l'>fTftI3" adj karkE."-GPS. staying on support, dependent. 2 n a servant, >m'hr [aseb] P ~f n a distress, suffering. 2 a an attendant. shock, trauma, blow. 3 the shadow of an evil >ml [asr] l?f11IlJf. See fTffiJ. ~TRO [asvasan] See l')fTFITA7j. "asvasan yut spirit; its entry in the body or the mind. l2fTff [as] See fTF(1jf. sikh ucar."-GPs. ~ [asok] See ~. 2 fT (from all sides), ~Tt!" [asvad], ~re?i [asvadan] n savour, taste. 2 tasting, sucking, relishing. F.t'a" (grief); excessive sadness. l11"'U [ah] v is. "jIn kau dhun IIkhIa ah."-gau ~ [as:m] an unlucky omen. See ito. lWFfW [as;"lka] Skt ~ n a doubt, worry, var 1 m 4. 2 n a desire, an inclination, wish. "jogi jati sIdh han ahE."-gau m 5. 3 part a suspicion. 2 fear, dread. lWlftrO [as;"ljan] Skt 3Tffi01,\if;:r n binding and word indicating grief and surprise, ah. 4 pran connecting. 2 hanging, suspending. See Htr this, that. and Jt:ro. l1j'1'(JG rahat] Pkt a noise caused by someone's flJi'o [as;"ln] Skt ~ adj sitting near. 2 adv arrival, sound of footsteps. 2 a battlefield. near, close by. "ath pahn ahat bIkhE juddh bhayo bIkrar." ~ [as;"lbhau] adj who has not been born, -cCJrItr 97. birth less. "as;"lbhau udvIau."-savEye m 5 ke. ~ [aha!).] n locust. See >Wm'l 1. 'The birth less has appeared.' 2 See ~. >WU3" rahat] adj injured, wounded, beaten up. See l11?)I(J3". ~ [a$caray] See i>ftl'"6i1. ))fTJc'j [ahan] See~. "ahan manfd brfd ae ~ [astIk], ~ [astrkta] See l>fTFlfuor 1 and l1jIHfdCl(3 dal."-GPs. 2 P <:1 1 n iron, steel. 3 a sword. ~ [ahangar] n an ironsmith, blacksmith. ~ [astik] See ~. fTffif [asy] See l1j'TR" 4. ~ [ahni] adj made of iron. See >Wm'l. l)fTJJH [asram] Skt llfTlIH n a place to live, fTU}f [aham] See RJH. 2 See ~. residence. "caran kamal guru asram dia." fTIDf Jt"H<!' [ahm 0 sam!).e] See l'>fTH 'H"l-f<!. "ae ahmo sam!).e bher pIa karara."-jagnama. -bIla m 5. 2 four stages of life according to
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ka aharu jia."-var ram 1 m 2. "det sagai ahare jiu."-majh m 5. '(God)'. ~ [ahara] adj thoroughly estimated or measured. "agam agocar be~t atoIa, hE nahi krchu ahara."-maru solhe m 5. 'There is nothing which has not been measured by the 4 adjwho collects. Almighty'. ~ [aharaD] Skt n snatching. 2 stealing. fTfu [ahr] v is. "sadhusagatr bEkuthE ahr." 3 taking away. Pkt~. -g;;m k;;,bir. "jalr thair ramaia ahro."-sor m fTUQ}fO [aharman] See 1?RRJHO. 1'WUfu [aharr] with zeal. "ja aharr harr jiu 5. See~. 2 adv having desired (ah). "nanak parra."-sodaJr. 'whereas the Almighty is ahr saraDr prabhu aro."-asa m 5. exerting zealously.' l)f'Tfu- [ahrol, ~ [ahra] adj desired, ~ [ahri] adj energetic, vigorous. wanted, needed. "ahro tumra dhora."-guj m ~ [aharu] See ~. 5. "eko suami ahra jiu."-majh m 5. 2 See ~ ~ [ahlu valia] See~Tt!tf1..Im? fTfu. 3 is. "'jat kat pekhau ahro."-kan 2 adj connected with Ahluvalia misl. m5. 3 belonging to the house of Sadda Singh. See l'>fTfuR3'r [ahrsta] P ..;-;1 adv slowly, gradually. )){I'tit [ahi] is. See 'l?{l(J and nfTfu. "punarpr janam qlfOCfW. na ahi."-g;;,u m 3. "nanak ghatr ghatr ahr." ~ ~ tft ~ [ahiu valia di mrsaI] Sadda Singh of Ahlu village; 5 kos east of -asa m 5. 2 desired, wanted (for feminine object) "mE ahi or tuhari."-g;;,u majh m 5. Lahore, was a celebrated prosperous Sikh. He established theAhluvalia house. In his family 3 may want, may need. "jrs sag Iage praD was born Jassa Singh in 1718 AD whom trsE bu ahiE."-phunhe m 5. 4 Sis. 5 a hardship, calamity. Navab Kapur Singh brought up as a son. Mata Sundari blessed him and bestowed upon him ~ [ahid let us desire, let us seek. See nfTfu and )){I'tit. the mace of Guru Hargobind (which is now in Akal Bunga). The misl grew a lot under fT'y lahul See fTtT. 2 short form of~. Jassa Singh as a confederate branch of the (called, summoned) rising Sikh power. First of all it was he who ~ [ahuk] See ~. conquered Lahore, founded the Khalsa state ~ [ahut], ~~ [ahu<;l.] Dg n a battle, war. and issued his own currency. Now Kapurthala 2 tiredness, fatigue. state belongs to this misl. See ~J"EINl' and;:fw ~ [ahutr] SkI' n calling (invoking) god. 2 an oblation to gods, pouring purified butter ~ [ah;:)v] Skt n a battle, war. 2 fire oblation. in fire by addressing the deity. 3 fire, sacrifice, material needed fOi" this ritual. 3 a challenge or call to battle, shout. fTUT [aha] v is. "harr s~tjana pahr aha."-dev ~ [ahuma], ~ [ahurna] v to bend, spring at, pounce at. "ahure jag."-ramav. m 5. 2 was. (past tense of ~). "taIv~<;l.i vrc vasda aha."-JSBB. 3 part a word indicating ~ lahul P ,;i n a deer, buck. "dadan dur surprise and gri,ef. oh! vah! ahu ca~am."-s;;,loh. 'teeth like jewels and ~ lahar], ))f1i~ [aharu] n See RJlO. "jia eyes like those of a deer.' 2 an appeal.
l'>I"mI" lahar]
n an impulse to be active, effort.
2 an endeavour, attempt. "sev;:)k kE thakur hi ka ahar jiu."-majh m 5. "ahar sabhr karda phrrE aharu rku na hor."-var ram 2' m 5. 3 Skt a sigh, deep breath indicating grief.
nm.
mur.
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SUDae."-maru m 1. [akbat] A ..::.;;~ n the next world, the hereafter. 2 the end, finis. See rmr. l)fTOI"d' [akar] See ~. 2 Skt n a mine. 3 treasure. 4 a store, stock. 5 a caste, class. -NP 6 adj good, superior. 7 more, excessive. ~ [ahe] See ~, l'if'TZJT and >wfu. "hE hosi l)jT(SRJl:f [akarakh] Skt ~ n a sense organ. 2 a ahE. "-maru m 5. 'is, shall be and was.' test, touchstone. 3 a magnet. 4 attraction. "jab "nanak saraDI ahe."-asa m 5. akarakh karat ho kab-hii, tum mE mIlat ~ [ahE] See l')fT(J' and lWfu. "jogi jati sIdh han dehdhar sabh-hii."-c.Jpai. "citi sas ahE."-gau m 5. 'Jogis desire to realise God'. akarakhte."-sahas m 5. "jaha trIkha man ~ [aho] See ~ and l'if'TZJT. "w aho kerhe tujhu ak'}rakhE."-sukhmani. kam."-s farid. 2 part yes; that is right. 3 or, ~ [akarkhaD] Skt l?f'W'f'~ n attraction, else. 4 otherwise. pull. 2 act of ploughing. ~ [ahag] P ....t.:r n a desire. 2 a resolve, an ~ [akal] Skt~ adjperplexed, confounded. aim. 3 time, occasion. 4 a prelude to singing. "hau akal bIkal bhai bIn dekhe."-bIla am ~ [ahvan] Skt n a call, summon, invitation. 4. 2 A J~ adj wise, intelligent. "kI akal 2 an invitation letter. 3 a name. 4 an edict. alamE."-japu. 3 a carpenter Sikh of village Vadeghar who was the maternal grandfather ))fICl' [ak] n})fO( a wild plant, calotrosis procine. "dhan joban ak ki chaIa."-dhana chat m 1.' ofBhai Rup Chand. "akal kah'E tahI ko namu, man me gurumat ko VIsramU."-GPs. See 2 P Ji a trouble, a conflict. 3 a vice, fault, ~m. 4 a spiritually awakened devotee demerit. 4 A J~ adj disloyal. 5 disobedient. Pa" [ak] See l?fcx. 2 S a weight; 1/16th of a seer, of Guru Arjan Dev from Sultanpur. a Chhatank. 3 an anna, a coin, I/16 th of a rupee. ~ [akall Dg n a branded and cauterized bfia'R' takas] P viii pron that person, that man. bull set free, a stud bull. l)jlaeaMo1 [aktarloni] Sir David Ochterloney, ~ [akar] n pride, arrogance. 2 rigidity. 3 a village seven kos north of Patiala in Sirhind son of a noble American. He came to India tehsil and under Musepur police station and made himself prominent with his bravery visited by Guru Teg Bahadur. There is only and prudence. He was a general in the Bf''lgal army. In October 1804 AD, he allied himself one platform and no building where the Guru stayed. The priest is a Nirmala Sikh. It is two with general Lake and drove out Jasvant Rao Holkar from Delhi. The British appointed him miles north ofKauli railway station. to oversee British-Sikh relations, and on l)j1CfT [aka] T Iii n a master, an owner. several occasions he entered into l'>f"aTA' takas] See nrcxrFI'. 2 all-pervasive God. 3 space, the sky, paradise, heavenly spheres. correspondence with Maharaja Ranjit Singh. On the occasion of the marriage of Prince "trE gUD mohe mohIa akas."-asa m 5. 4 the Kharak Singh in 1812, he was Maharaja's sun, the moon, and other planets which emit light or shine. SeeOTOl7)~. 5 pride, conceit. guest at Lahore. He died at Meerut on 15 "upan caraD talE akas."-ram m 5. 'Humility July 1825 at the age of 68 years. l)jrat:f [akath] See )o)fqEf. "nanak akath ki katha is superior to pride'.
~ }j3'O ~
3 asthma. 4 Skt a summoner. 5 the summoned. [ahu xutcm] deer of Khutan (in China). See ~. ~3" [ahut] Skt adj was called, was summoned; sent for. "gayo beg kalu ahuta."
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[aka1? kusum] n a flower of the sky. 2 impossibility, improbability. l)fI'a'TB" ofiIfT [aka1? gaga] n a celestial niver, named madakIni mentioned in Purans which flows in the sky. In Punjabi it is known as 'bachelors' road.' a galaxy called the Milky
l')fTii(TJJ
glJlf
Way.Pl;.iW
[aka$ car] n birds. 2 an arrow. -s;mama. 3 a god. 4 a star, planet. 5 an aircraft, a balloon, etc. 6 adj who wanders in the sky. ~ m [aka1? balJ.i] n a celestial 'utterance. 2 according to Sikhism, a divinely inspired idea or speech of a spiritually awakened person. ))f1'(il"Ifi:r [akasI] in the sky. See ~I(Y. ~ [akasi] ad} concerning the sky; cellestial, . heavenly. mror'l3 [akasu] See ~ . ~ [akak1?a], ~ [akakhIa], ~ [akakhya] Skt 3Wf>f~ n a desire, wish. 2 the need of one word for expressing the mt~aning of another word, as for example in the phrase "Read this lesson", the lesson is the need of reading or in "Go there", there or that place is the need (akaksa) of going. ~ [akar] Skt n a form, structure, semblance, "hukmi hovanI akar."-jdpU. 2 stature, bulk, figure. 3 composition, construction. 4 a mark, sIgn. ~ ftr:I [akar cItr] See ftr:I ~C{TO 3. ~ [akaru] ad} having a shape, form or figure. "soi gupat soi akaru."-asa m 5. 2 n a form, shape. l)fifQ [akI] P ,.it pron that, which, he, who. ~ [akIl] See l'>fTm? ~ t!"H [akII das] a priest of the Hindali sect who assisted Lahore officials to apprehend many Sikhs. ~ [aki] A J~ad} defiant, rebellious. "aki marhI aphari."-maru m 1.
~ 'tl'Q
[akGcan] Skt ~O\~ n contraction, shrivelling, shrinkage, constriction. See~trO. ~ [akull Ski ad} diffused, pervasive. "ramaia akul ri bai."-gu} namdev. 2 ))f-~, without a pedigree or lineage. 3 without birth. "amar hOI sdd akul rahe."-prdbha namdev. 4 n God. "akul k ghan jauge."-ram namdev. 5 perplexed, confounded. "1?okakul rodan ko kina."-GPs. ~ [akramalJ.] Skt n an attack, assault. 2 crossing the limit. >wi!To [akrat] Ski adj surrounded. 2 spread, expansive. 3 assaulted, attacked. 4 helpless. "jdb hot dharanI bharakrat."-rudr. 'helpless under pressure'. See lidigi::s. ~ [akntI] Skt ~ n a shape, form. 2 stature, structure. 3 an idol, image. ~ [ak1?epl Skt 2;rr!ffq" n the act of throwing. 2 a taint blemish, stigma. 3 a literal figure of meaning (irony) having self-abuse in the utterance. Example: "kabir rora hOIrahu bat ka tajI man ka abhImanu, Esa koi dasu hOI tahI mIlE bhagvanu. kabir rora hua ta kIa bhaIa? pathi kau dukhu deI, Esa tera dasu hE jIu dharni mahI kheh. kabir, kheh hui tau kIa bhaIa? j:> UQI lagE ag, hdrIjanu Esa cahiE jIu pani sarbag. kabir, pani hua ta kIa bhaIa? sira tata hOI, harIjanu Esa cahiE jEsa han hi hoI." -skabir. (b) a second form ofAkshep or irony is where utterance appears legally sound, but is intended to reject the ideas; Example: "bhag phim mad Ira chako raho mdst dIn rat, In seVdn te turdt hi ndr vIdeh hVEjat." 4 an irony, a sarcasm, sneer. ))fllf [akh] See Jo)ficr. 2 See fTfu. 3 See ))fl1:f(!T. l)fil:f [akh] Skt !fu". n an eye. "tdb te kou akh
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tare nahi anyo."-ramav. [akhaJ)], ~ [akhJ)a] v to say, speak, tell. "akhaJ) vala kIa vecara."-asa m 1. ~ [akhaJ)I] n something said or spoken of. "akhanI akhE bakE sabhukoI."-asa m 3. 2 n a statement explanation. "akhaJ)I aukha saca nau."-sodar. ~ [akhaJ)u] v to say, utter, speak, tell. "akhaJ)u sUJ)na teri baJ)i."-bher m 1. 2 n a speech, an utterance. ))fTl:f3T [axta] P ':;1 adj castrated, sterilised. axtan means to pull, axta thus means whose testicles have been castrated. l')f'l:fO [akhan] See ~. 2 adv every moment, always. ))fll:Itif [akhay] Skt~n a name. "bhavbhadhan ke am ko akhay bhekhaj car."-NP. 'The four characters of the name Vahguru are a medicine against the disease of worldly bondage'. l1fTl:re" [akhar] Skt"Y)f6(Q a letter of the alphabet, a character. "kine ram nam I k akhar." -sukhmani. 2 A j i adj last, ultimate. 3 n the end, a finis. 4 a result, consequence, outcome. ~ [akhauJ)a] v to be called, named or described. "paqIt akhae bahuti rahi."-var ram 2, m 5. ~ [akhaJ)] Skt fTl:fjfI'O n a tale, story. 2 a description, explication. l')fTl:I1'ij" Hm [akhar maqli] n a theatre, stage. "akhar maqli dharaJ)I sabai."-ram m 5. 2 a group of actors. ~ [akhara] See ~. "rasJ;maqal kino akhara."-suhi parta1 m 5. ~ [akhar] Skt~. n Harh, a summer month in which occurs the full moon in the mansion of purabakhara. l)fTl:fr;1T [akhara] See ~. "racanu kina Iku akhara."-maru solhe m 5. "gurumati sabhI ras bhogda vaqa akhara."-var maru 2 m 5.
~
l')fTfl:r [akhI] n mouth, which is used to utter
everything. "akhaJ)u akhI na rajIa."-var majh m 2. 2 adj mentionable, utterable, fit to be talked about. "akhI no japE akhI.."-var sar m 1. 'The mentionable one (God) is not visible to the eye'. 3 n an eye. See Example 2. 4 adv having said. "mada kISE na akhI jhagra pavJ)a."-vaq chat m 1. 5 See })fTl:fJI'. ~ [akhIr] at last, in the end. See l?fTCRf 2. "akhIr bIaphtam."-trlag m 1. ))fTl:ft [akhi] See~. 2 n an eye. 3 with or by means of eyes. "dekhIa gurmukhI akhi." -var sri m 4. "gurmukh hOVE ta akhi sujhE." -maru solhe m 3. ~ [akhiphor] n a wink, a moment, an instant. ~ [akhiphon] advin an instant, instantly. "udharsI akhiphorI."-guj m 5. ))fT1:fta" [akhir] See n:fur. l')fT1j [akhu] Skt n a digging animal. 2 a rat, mouse. 3 a mole, porcupine, etc. ~ [akhurna] See ~. lW11 [akhu], fl1j [akhu] adjwho says. 2 fit for saying, mentionable. "akhu akha: sada sada."-var sar m 1. 3 See >'ifTl3. ~ [akhut], l?fTT [akhuta] See l'>fl3C. "bahut khajane merE palE parIa amol lal akhuta." -sarm 5. ~ [akhet], ~ [akhetak] Skt n hunting, game, chase. ~ [akhetil Skt ~;:r,adjwho hunts; who chases wild animals. ~ [akhepl See ~. ~ [akher], })flifQ firafu [akher buatI], ~ [akher], ~ ftref3" [akher bIratI] See~. n hunting as a means of livelihood or profession. 2 interest in or practice of hunting. "akher buatI baharI aIo dhaI."-bher m 5. "akher bIratI rajan ki lila."-g;:w m 5. l?flif [akhE] name. See fTl::lJf. "nanak akhE guru
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bfT<ITOT
ko kahe."-var ram 1 m 1. and "vaje pavCIl.).u ~3T [aganeta] countless. See l?fICII?i'3'. 2 a akhe sabh jaI."-dhcwa m 1. 'The airstream fire-carrier. striking (the throat and the palate) reminds of fTiJIH [agam] Skt n arrival, coming. "man cau Him.' bhaI a prabhu agam SUl).I a." -;m:Jdu. 2 future. ))f1l:f'$1? [akhacJal] See ~ 2. "agua janu agam kanh janae."-krIsan. 3 Ved. })fQf.if [akhy] Skt >:ff'C[ilT a name, noun. 2 good 4 Shastar. 5 Tantar Shastar, book of charms reputation, prestige, renown. and mystical formu lae which has seven parts: 1')fT1:fMJ [akhyar] a letter, a character. See f1::Rf. creation, dissolution, worship of gods, "kine ram nam Ik akhyar."-sukhmani. practice of mystical formulae, performance l')fTl:f:iIT [akhya] See })fQf.if. of sacrifices and repetition of the name of ~ [akhyaIka] Skt~. n a story, some deity with a definite aim and tale, fable. contemplation. "agC:1ill nIgam kahe janu nanak l'>fTl:f.iITi') [akhyan] Skt n a story, tale. 2 history, sab dekhe 10k.. 1 sabaIa."-toQi m 5. chronicle. ~ [agaman] Skt n arrival, advent. 2 profit, ~ [axvud] See ~. gain. l?f1(Jf rag] n sugarcane; the top portion ofcertain ~ [agamapai], ~ [agamapayi] tall grasses like sorghum etc. 2 fire, "ag Jlagau Skt31IJIJOOIlqlfli,adjwho comes and goes, visitor. tIh dhaulhan jIh nahi han ko nau. "-s kabir. 2 subject or liable to birth and death or to 3 an order, command. See >wfur. 4 adv in front, growth and decay, transient, impermanent. ahead. "p:m ke g:m te ag calyo."-knsan. l?f1(Jf ~ rag yatar] Dg a fire-arm, weapon like 5 Skt n a crime, sin. a gun, musket, etc. ~ [agasat] See })f(JJR3'. 2 Skt >:>fT"a'TJf;r adj 'l?fTiIT'a' [agar] n a miine, quarry. See d3(')'dld. connected with the sage Agast. 3 ofAgastya's 2l?-1dJ adv before, at first, earlier. "sabad tarag sub-caste. 4 n the: southern direction. pragatat dIn agar.. "-savEye m 4 ke. 'A wave ))fTiJIU [agah] Skt lWqrr n persistence, obstinacy. of recitation appears before daybreak.' 3 rdJ.if 2 ad'T forward, in front. 3 adj second, oth,er. adj a headman, chieJI~ "can mran kah-hI bahu "dos det agah kau adha."-bavan. agar."-gau kabir. 4 Skt n night of the new l)(Id'Jj1 [agaj] See l'd1Tff. 2 Skttqfffn elder brother. moon, moonless niight. 3 a principal officer, leader. 4 Brahman. ))fTdI'QT [agra] Agra, a city on the bank of })fI(JJ3' [agat] Skt adj arrived. 2 n a guest. Yamuna in United Provinces. Sikandar Lodhi l)f'I(JJ"O ragan] See nfOTfn. 2 See l'lfdTf'cE3'. 3 See first made it his capital and built Badalgarh rioTo. fort on the bank of Yamuna. Later at a cost of rioTo ragan] Skt 3Rl:,rruT a compound, courtyard. Rs. 36 lacs, emperor Akbar got built a grand ))fl'dJ03' [aganat], l?fl(JlO3T [aganta] adj countless, and strong fort at the same site through Mir innumerable. "parbrahameso aganta."-bavan. Muhammad Qasim Khan. })f'I'd1"fo [aganI], fi"aTf?5' [aganI] in the courtyard. Akbar greatly added to its prosperity and "sobha mere aganI."-brla m 5. "aganI sulch renamed it Akbarabad. See ~ and F.JTill1(JT. basna."-phunhe m 5. 'living comfortably in In and around the Maithan sector of this the compound'. "ghan aganI na sukhai."city are gurdwaras dedicated to Guru Teg sri be1).i. 2 See IOffo. Bahadur and also a gurdwara of Guru Gobind
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Singh. According to Guru Partap Suray, Guru Hargobind also came here with emperor Jahangir. ~ [agal] adj foremost, leading, chief. 2 excessive, abundant. "sukh magat dukh agal hOI."-gau a m 1. 3 adv in front, ahead. 4 n the next world, hereafter. "bahut sIal)ap agal bhara."-gau m 5. ~ [aglara] adj of the past, former. "maIa moh m;mI aglara pral)i."-sri trrlocan. ~ [aglare] plural of~. 2 adv in front, face to face, "tInI aglare mE rahII) na jaI."
-sri trIlocan.
~
nIvari agI jotI di paiE."-suhi ;;J m 1.

~ [agIo], l?fTfcn>w [agIa] Skt 31mT an order,
[agvan] See
fTOI}-fO.
1WaT'@'I-fi"ft [agvamni] n a gun or musket (which
pukes fire }-scmama. raga] n the front part, front side. 2 a forehead. 3 a chest. 4 Skt adj near, closelyrelated. 5 future. 6 the hereafter "aga apan sudharan karan."-GPs. 7 the result, effect, outcome. 8 T ~1 a transform of~, a master, owner. fl(II"'R" ragas], >WOJTff [agasu] See ~. "lakh agasa agas."-japu. ))fl(II'Tij" [agah] adjbottomless. 2 P 0(1 informed, knowing, privy. "garab jIna vaQIaia dhan joban agah."-s f;;Jrid. l)fI'iJI'T'UT [agaha] towards the front, to the future. "agaha ku tragh pIcha pher na muhaQra."
))f1QIT
command, "man gobfdE agIo."-gau m 5. "agIa manI bhagatI hOI tumari."-asa m 5. ~ [agIakari] Skt 31nrFflTf't'l, adj obedient. "agIakari sada suhagal)I."-var suhi m 3. ~ [agIras] ~ adj belonging to the clan of sage Angira. 2 n Vrihaspati, the teacher of gods. l1fTCIft [agi] n fire. "dekhI nIvana jal mahI agi."-pr;;Jbha ;;J m 1. 'absorbed dark traits in the qualities of goodness'. ~ [aguri] Skt ~ n a finger. ~ [agu] adj a leader. 2 a guide. ";}dha agu je thiE kIu padharu jal)E."-suhi chJt m 1. 3 Skt n a vow, solemn declaration, commitment. 'fTiit [age], ~ [agE] adv in front. 2 after this. "agE gham pIchE rutI jaQa."-tukha bar;;Jhmaha m 1. 3 future. "agE dayu pachE naraIl)u."-bher m 5. 'In between the future and the past is the eternal.' ~ ~ [agE pachE] adv before and behind. 2 in this world and the next. "agE pachE madi sOI."-gau m 5. ~ [agaj] See l>fOf;:r. l2f1OftB [agajat] adj free from destruction, indestructible, immortal. "agajat paga."-ram
var2 m 5.
-maru var 2, m 5.
[agahi] P (j~1 n knowledge, acquaintance, vigilance. >woJTN [agaj], l?fl()JTj=fT [agaja] P ;~, n a beginning. 2 the origin. "jIhva dhunI agaja."-ram m 5. ~ [agami] Skt3WTTflf:r,adjcoming. 2 future. ))fT(J[TO [agar] Skt n a home, residence. 2 a store. 3 a treasury. ~ [agI] fire. "agI lagaI m;}dar mahI sovhI."-g;;JU k;;Jbir. 2 Skt 31T~rT an order, command. See ~. 3 ignorance. "sabadI
[ag;}tuk] Skt adj (one) who comes. 2 n a visitor, guest. ~ [agya] See ~. })IidlOiiIC(Id'J [agyakari], ~ [agyapalak]
See~. ~
))f~
[agyI] with or by order. "mE sukh paID guragyI."-jet m 5. ~ [agrah] Skt n obduracy, obstinacy. 2 perseverance, persistence. 3 a shelter, place, abode. 4 grace, kindness. 5 an arrest; a grasp. 6 an attack, invasion.
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fla]tft [agrahi] Skt~adjobstinalte, obduralte.

See l'JiTO]U. [aghl See 'fl.lf. 2 Skt Y>fUf n price, rat,e, cost. "taba suvaran sag te suvaran agh brkaI." -alijkar sagar sudha. ~ [aghaUI:tal See ~. "jIni cakhIa premras se trIpat rahe aghaI."-barahmaha majh. 'Those who tasted the juice of love, remained satiated and content'. "aghae sata."-maru m 5. ~ [aghaIa] adj satiated, content, surfeited. l1fIUIT3" [aghatl Skt n a blow, stroke. 2 an injury, hurt, wound, push. "karE: bahu aghat sastra prahara."-VN 3 a butchery, slaughter-house. l)fTU(TOT [aghana] See ~. 2 adj satiated, surfeited, content. "harI pi aghane."-sri chJt m5. ~ [aghavan] See ~(!T. "nam japat aghavE." -sukhmani. >wufti:rr [aghija] See })ftlflw. "trIpat rahe aghija he."-maru solhe m 5. ~ [aghulna] See. ~. ~ [aghu], l'>f'Uf [aghe] S adv in the prese:nce of, face to face. "sacu jaDe kacu vEdIO tu aghu aghe salve. nanak atsari majhI nEDu bIa qhalI pabaDI jJ:u jDmIo."-var maru 2 m 5. 'You consider false things which shall pass away as true, and you go forth to get them, but they are fle~:ting like butter in fire and a lily in water'. >wUrn [aghor] See nJtlto. 2 adjhighly frightening, terrible. "param aghor rup tIh."--par2s. lWlY<!" [aghraDl, :~T(!" [aghraDl Skt 31T'iJrcrr n smelling, sniffing. 2 adj satiated, surfeited. ~ [a~aD] See .~ and ~. ~ [a~aDI] in a courtyard or compound. "pIr bajhpahu, mere pIare! a~aDI dhurI lute."-asa chJt ill 4. nrrtr lac], l?fitr lac] Skt 1?fftf n a flame of fire.
>wUr
2 heat. "jal dudh nIai ritI ab dudh ac nahi." -asa chJt m 5. "ac na lagE aganIsagar te." -de v m 5. ))fItJ'O [acan] v to eat; to drink. "raktasur acan."-akaI. See fTtJ}fO. l')f1~llf!J~' [acprabhavl Dg n a Rajput dynasty born from fire. See ~. fTtJ}fO [acaman] Skt })fT-IDf (vr IDf to eat), n drinking water. 2 rinsing mouth to clean it before starting recitation of prayers; in Gautam Simriti the quantity mentioned for this is of fifteen drops. 3 eating. ))flIDfIi') [achamanl See fTtJ}fO. ~ [acar] See ~. ~ [acaraj], l'li"'tRfiJ [acaraju] See ~. "acaraj suarni atarjami." -mala chJt m 5. "acaraju qitba arnru vutha."-asa m 5. l')fltJQ<!" [acaraD] Skt n conduct. 2 behaviour. "jadr brdhr acaraDa."-guj jedev. 3 a mark, trait. ~ [acarDi] See l'l1 i tld<!ll11. 2 adj inert, inactive, "cari acarDi."-krIsan. ~ [acarDiy] Skt adjfit to be performed, capable of being dealt with. ~ [acarIa], .l?'1"tl'ftr3" [acarIt], ~ [acri] Skt l?fltI'fdo. adj dealt with, brought into use. ~ [acal] See ~. l')fTtl'T [aca] See ~. ~ [acar] See 1?11'tl""d". "gavE ko gUD vaqrai acar."-japu. ~ [acaraj], ~ [acaray] Skt~. n a teacher, religious teacher. 2 an educator. 3 a sub-caste ofBrahmans who live on money or material taken on account ofthe dead. They accompany the dead to the cremation ground and are popularly called maha (grand) brahmans. ~ [acari] Skt31T~Tft~adja practitioner. adv by or through moral behaviour. "acari nahi jitra jaI."-asa m 1.
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[acaru] See l'ifi3"TQ. "srmran suami rhu "aje rse nEn."-kalki. sadhu ko acharu."-sar m 5. })fIffif [ajam] A ~ S adv ve~ great. fTfu [acr], ~ [acu] See Mr. "acu kacu })f'N}f WU [ajam $ah] ~~ ~ third son of qhanpahi."-mala a m 1. 'Glass melts in a Aurangzeb born to Banu Begam whose name fire.' in Sikh history is Tara Aazam. He was born })f"'G tach] adj good, nice, excellent. 2 free from on 11 July 1653. He died fighting against his disease; healthy. 3 n an eye. 4 desire, wish. elder brother Bahadur Shah at Jaju or Jajovan "surag na ach-hr ."-bavan. See~. 5 S a sea. near Agra on 8 June 1707. Bhai Santokh ~ [ach-hr] See })f"'G. Singh writes that he died of an arrow, shot by ))f'I'S3" [achat] was. See l'ifiiS. "re nar ! garabh Guru Gobind Singh. See. ~ >mn-r. kGqal jab achat."-sri bel).i. ~ [azmar$] P J:!U7' n a test, trial. This rio [achann] Skt ~ adj covered. word has been derived from l'ifTBljt?l meaning to test. ~ [achar] n a letter; a character. 2 imperishable. ~ [achall See nrttm". ~ [azmudahkar] P A"oJ";7' adj 'flilT [acha] adj good, nice. 2 healthy. 3 clean. experienced, clever. 4 n desire. ~ [azmudan] P (;}J';;7' v to test; to examlOe. ~ [achadan] Skt ~ n garment. 2 the act of covering. 3 a roof. 4 a lid. l?fT W [a ja] P lf7' that place, there. ~;:r [achrjj] See })fftt;:r. "kr achrjj desE." ~ [aja!).] See ~. ~ [aja!).ata] Skt 3j-Pr~t7;1\i1rr;H:r.:'i\:;<adjnotknowing, -japu. ~ [ache] See fT5T. ignorant, unacquainted. ~ [achep] See ~. ~ [azad] P .1UI adj free from bondage; n ~ [achE] See })fIG and >?fTGT. "achE kamal independent. anup."-bIla kabir. 2 })fG1tjf immortal. "sac ~ [azadgil See. ~. mahr achE sacr rahE."-var asa. 3 (he) wants, ~ H:aTi:T [azad maGaz] P T.1UI adj who desires. "darsan nam kau man achE."-dev m produces new ideas. 5. 4 is. "bhu maqal khaqal prabhu tum hi ~ [azadi] P ~U7'- JJU7' n freedom, n achE."-maru m 5. independence, lack of restrictions. ))fI'iJl7i [ajan] See ~ and ))fR'T('). 2 Skt 3IT\i1R n nrri [acho] See 'flilT. ~1f [achop] adj untouchable. "tas ki jatr gods born at the time of the creation of the universe. "ajan bah."-japu. 'inspires gods.' achop chipa."-mala ravdas. 2 See })jWtf and 3 creation. 4 nature. 5 See ))f'ItfIQ. 1.f. ~ [aj] Skt ~ adv to-day, this day. "aj ))fI'iJl7i wu [ajanu bah] See fTRT('j and ))f'ItfIQ ~. hamarE magalcar."-basat m 5. 2 Skt fTi1 n ~ [ajanul upto the knee. See ))f'ItfIQ ~. goat's milk (ftlT). 3 A ~ ivory, elephant's ))fI'iJl7i ~ [ajan bahu] adj long-armed; whose tusk. arms touch his knees. l)fltfIS" [ajab] See })ftfIS". lWtttr [ajajJ See l?f'ft:rt:r. fii:ro [ajan] Skt~. adjconcerning collyrium. >wWa' [ajar] See IFRf. 2 n Anjana's son, Hanuman. >wftr [ajr] Skt n a battle, contest, encounter. ~ [ajna] v to put collyrium in the eyes. 2 a battlefield. 3 a path, route. 4 surpassing.
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5 See >1fTFl'Jf.
lWfi::rtr [ajIj] A .7.100 adj humble. "ajIj ria bat."

-japu. 2 upset. 3 poor. 4 incapable. 5 helpless.
~ 'i'iWB" [ajIz navaz] P JI}.7.16 adj who
encourages the helpless. n helplessness, humility. l?fTftD.r [ajIm] See flIDf. l?fTftD.r F.RT [ajIm ~ah] See flIDf 'F.ll(J. ~ [ajivIka] Skt n means of livelihood; a vocation, profession. See A ..:iJjj. })f'tf [aju] today. "aju kalI manjair pra!)i." -mart! solhe m 1. 2 advon going day. ~ [~jurda] See ~. l'>fTijOl [ajuni], ~ ~ [ajuni sabhau] See ~ M. "ajuni sabhau."-maru solhe m.5. >Wit [ajr] See fiii:roT. 2 Skt ~ vr to refine; to shine; to produce. "jo ajE so disE kal."-lnla a m 1. 'Whoever is born is subject to death'. >wRo'l [ajonil, }J~ [ajoniu] adj ilfGifo. See ~it. "ajoniu bhalyu amalu satIgur sagI nIvasu."-saveye m 4 ke. 'your stay with the birthless, decent and true guru (Amar Das)'. l'>fTilit JfertI [ajoni sabhau], l1I"Ftit Ff~ [ajoni sabhavIau] See >lfWi1 M. "parbraham ajoni sabhau."-sar m 5. "ajoni sabhaVIaU jagatguru bacanI tarayau."-savEye m 4 ke. ~ [ajy] Skt n butter, ghee. 2 oil. 3 milk. fTW [ajha] ad} without a master, humble. 2 needy. lWG [at] M obduracy, willfulness. ntiG [at] Pkt n the space between the: thumb and the forefinger. "at seti nak pakarhI:" -dhana m 1. 2 a trick, tactic. 3 connection, consonance. 4 S sharp sight. 5 smartness of sight. 6 Dg tenacity. fTGO [atan] See teO and ~. >WeT lata] n ground corn, flour. "Ikna ata agla Ikna nahi lo!)u."-s farid. lWO lath] Skt~. adj eight, 8. "ath pahar apna khasamu dhIavaU."-asa namdev.
~ [ajIZi] ().7.1oo
lWO fmr3T o1rdc:l'() ~ lath sIphta nitIvan dial Eight qualities of a statesman are: "pnthme Ese lijr her, sabh karaj me hoy dIler. dusar apno kadar pachan, dn~atI dharr nike man man. tntIye agya svami sath, rahr prasan cahr ya~ gath. caturath maram apno joy, ta ko kahE patr jo hoy. pacam bat chupavr rse, kou lakhr bhed nahf jEse. kha~tam rse karo ucar, bad~ah ko jo darbar, ta mahI nIkti jo sad rahe, sag ~ah ke bata kahe, tIn ko CIt rnithe kahI b11, karr hath me budhI ko rn. saptam sukhan sabhar nIkale, darja apna ap sabhale. a~tam suhbat lahI pat~ah, rahE xamo~ ho~ ke mah, jab b nahI puchr ko bat, tab b nahI bhakhE kusarat. jIS mahI sIphat ath yahI ahI phate paIhr s;)b bIdhI mahI." -buddhrvaradhr m 1. flO ~ lath srav;)!)] one with eight ears, Brahma. Having four heads, he had, therefore, eight ears and eight eyes. lWO iPH lath jam] eight periods of three hours each, meaning a complete day and night. "ath jam caUS;)thI gh;)ri tU;) nIrkh;)t rahr jiu." -s kabir. See ~F!O URft. lWO ~ lath dngl See l1iRC ~ and lWO~. l)fI'QT [atha] n a group of eight. 2 eight. 3 the digit 8. ~ [athol adj y.ff1P1 eighth. "tat bhayo jab atho."-krrsan. ~ [aQ] Pkt n a cover, shelter, refuge. 2 a
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screen. 3 a support, basis. 4 a nose-string ~ [aQo] n an egg, "jEse aQo hIrde mahI." -mali m 5. which is attached with a hook to the hair so that the weight of the ornament does not ~ [aQabar] See nrchRr. "meri sejriE aQabar ba1).Ia."-asa chat m 5. impinge on the nose. "ajcm aQ sudhar bhale pat."-krrscm. 5 See~. "aQ sIpar ko rokas ~ [aQh] See ~. "aQh dam ko chipro hOIO aga."-GPs. 6 in Punjabi, a water channel is lakhi1).a."-asa dMna. 2 n support, basis. 3 See also called aQ. ~. ~ [aQ] n an egg. 2 an ovary. ~ [aQhak] Skt n one fourth of a dron; four ~ [aQa1).] Dg n a shield. seers in weight. 2 a measure ofsize, ten fingers ))fT'33" [aQat] See ~. brokerage. 2 a soldier in breadth from each of the four sides. 3 S of Soini sub-caste who was a sepoy in the message. King's army at Delhi. He became a disciple ~ [aQhaII], ~ [aQhalu] adj dependent. of Guru Arjan Dev, who besides giving the "nanak so sahu ahI jake aQhali habhuko." former the gift of God's name taught him to -var guj 2 m 5. 2 dependent, needy. l)fTW [aQha] n a dispute, a violent fracas. 2 adj be brave for the good of here and hereafter. ))fI'lJT [aQa] adj crooked, aslant, awry. 2 a needy, wanting, dependent. competition. 3 an obstruction, obstacle. >wfu [aQhI] Skt ~ adj complete. 2 with, 4 basis, support. "hamro kou ::>r na aQa." including. "dhanaQhI aQhI bhaQan han nIdhI hot jIna na cir."-guj C'J m 5. 'Those -knsan. 5 a halting place, resort. 6 a band who had no garment to wear became far richer for a hawk to perch. "bakh$I$ guru ki baz than the rich on receiving the treasure of sahIt tfh aQe par bathaI sukh man."-GPs. ~ [aQa] n an egg. "phuto aQa bharam ka." God's name'. 3 See ~ and ~. ~ [aQhi1).i] adj worth a quarter of a pice; -maru m 5. 2 (the egg shaped) universe. cheap. "aQhi1).i hoi lakhi1).i."-BG l)I'T itw [aQa tika] n a slanting forehead mark worn by Shaivites shaped like the moon of ~ [aQhu] See ~ and l?R:iT. the second night of the bright fortnight; a ~ [aQhy] Skt adj strategic, tactful. "sarba tnpuQ. "aQa tike mukh-hu na lag." bhar1).aQhy."-japu. 'is inclusive of all metaphors.' 2 rich, wealthy. -rC'Jtanmala. The Vaishnavites regard the slanting forehead mark of the Shaivites as a ~ [a1).] See ~. 2 See~. 3 S subjection, allegiance. 4 obedience, dutifulness. 5 Dg a derogatory. See ~ Y~. ~ [aQa1).], ~ [aQan] See ~OJ<!" "bhE cry for mercy or justice. VICI aQa1).e akasI."-var asa. 2n (1@PEI'(,) the ))fI(!C!" [a1).a1).] S to bring, fetch, Skt~. See celestial sphere, the vault of heaven, the sky. ~. ))fT(!O [a1).an] Skt ~ n bringing, fetching. "bajh kala aQa1). rahaIa."-maru solhe m 1. lWfir [aQI] See l'>fTfu. "jaharnavi tape bhagirathI a1).i."-mala m 5. >wit [aQi] Pkt n a raised boundary line; an 'The Ganges was brought by Bhagirath.' embankment made in front of the trenches of "a1).agu rasI."-sava m 1. "ape a1).E rasI."-var maru 1 m 2. "vas I a1).Ihu ve jan, ISU man a fort. "aQi parbal maIa."-bhE'r kC'Jbir. 'a kau." -suhi chat m 4. strong boundary of illusion.' 2 adj slanting. bfTf.!' [a1).I] n fire. "SdCU bujhd1).U a1).I jdlaiE." lWk [aQith] invisible. See >'If&.
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-sri m 1. 2 SkI 31TfilT a custom, tradition. 3 an oath, vow. 4 honour, reputation. "nam deu taci al).I."-mClla namdev. 5 adv having brought. "prdbhI al).I al).I mdhfdi pisai."-lnla Cl m4. "f'C!t [al).i] brought, See })fT(!O and }m. "guru al).i ghdr mdhI ta Sdrdb sukh paIa."-asa m 5. 2 S n selfishness. 3 hope. 4 practice. 5 trust. l1fi3" [at] SkI 3F?f n a bowel, an intestine. nf'3Fr [atas] P .jr n fire. "atds dunia khumk nam khudIa."-var mCJla m 5. ~ [at~dk] See ~ "fuor. l')ji3F.1i(') [atd~dan] P (jl..&r n a fireplace, portable hearth. l')fI3mJ'M [atdsbaj] P ;If'~r n one who makes and displays fire works, a pyrotechnist. l')j13Ha i Hl [atdsbaji] P l5;~r n fireworks, pyrotechnics, a display offireworks. 2 firing, bombing etc. during the war. "atdsbaji sar vekh rdl). VIC ghaIl hOI mdrada."-BG ~ [atsdTi] n fire. See ~. l'>i"'3'Fft [atsi] adj of fire. "agE sagdru atsi.."--m 1 Mno. ~ [at-tail, l')j133 i Fw) [aHayIn] See
~.
[atdp] SkI n sunshine, sunlight. "atdp chav dIVdS nISI sdhE."-GPS. 2 heat. 3 fever, temperature. l'>I'3t5 [atpdt], l')j~ [atpdtu], ~ [atpdtr] SkI 3ll(f'1?f n protector from the sun's heat, an umbrella; a parasol. 2 a canopy or umbrella as a mark of royalty. "SIr atpdtu SdCO tdkhdt."-sCJveye m 4 ke. ~ [atdpdtfdl).i] army ofa crowned king. -sCJnama. ))f'3H [atdm] SkI ~n God, for full detail of this word, See under fT3HT. "atdm ram tISU nddri aIa."-sukhmCJni. 2 individual soul. "atdm mdhI ram, ram mdhI atdm."--bhEI" CJ m 1.3 mind. "prdbhu kdU SImdrhI tInI atdm
l)fT3lf
jita."-sukhmCJni. 4. one's own self. "sdbh te nicu atdm kdrI mandu."-dev m 5. 5 a body, corpse. 6 patience. 7 nature. 8 SkI 31T-~ deep darkness, meaning darkness of ignorance. "nfda kdrI kdrI ndrdk nIvasi, atdrI atdm japE."-maru CJ m 1. I ~ [atdmhatya] n a suicide. ))f'3H ~ [atdm gdUl).U] n entrance into the self. 2 travelling to attain self-knowledge. "atdm gdUl).U kdrenI."-var ram 1 m 3. ))f'3H 'ar.3' [atdmgdr], })fT3}f ~ [atdmgdru] n a fort of the mind, mind as a fort. "atam gdTU bIkhdm tIna hi jita."-majh m 5. ~ [atmdgy] SkI ~ adjone knowing the self. ~ [atdmgyan] SkI ~ n knowledge of the self. 2~ knowing God. ~ [atdmgyani] n a Brahmgyani. one who has attained knowledge of the supreme spiritual reality. 2 a knower of the self. ))f'3H t.lf13' [atdm ghat] n a suicide. fT3lf t1fT3l [atdm ghati] adj who commits suicide. "nam nd jdp-hI te atdm ghati."-gCJu m5. ~ [atmdj] SkI ~ n own-born son. 2 Kamdev, Cupid. 3 blood. l')j13}ffiT [atmdja] n daughter. ~it [atdmjol).il] Dg n one's own source of origin; mood; Cupid, Kamdev. ~ 3lw [atam tirdth] n pilgrimage place of the self; spiritual knowledge of the self. l')j'TO)f '3TIrFa' [atdm tirdthI] in the sacred precinct of the self. "sac tapdru jal).iE ja atdm tirdthI kdre nIvas."-var asa. l')jT3}f ~ [atdm ddrds] a glimpse of God.
ISome ignorant persons, without following the meaning hold that the writer, has written erroneously 'atas' as 'alam'. Following their suggestion, some persons have dared to print 'atas' there. See Guru Granth Sahib's bir of 1430 pages published by MufidAam Press p.l 0 13, line 3.
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fT3}f
l)fT3}{T
2 Dg a mirror in which one looks at one self. ~ [atam darsi] Skt 3TT('l1 ~ adj who sees spiritual reality; for whom God is a visible reality. ~ [atamdan], ~ [atamdanu] n a gift of the self; self-sacrifice. 2 a gift or donation of spiritual knowledge. "gurujevaQu data ko nahi jInI dIta atamdan."-sri m 5. })f'3}f ti~ [atam dravl)a] v to feel pity or compassion; to soften. fT3}f 1;fCIT'R' [atam pragas] n spiritual light. 2 a miracle of self-knowledge. ))fl3}f~ [atam prabodh] n spiritual knowledge; knowledge of God. "dukh bhajan atam prabodh."-savEye m 4 ke. })f'3}f '8'R' [atam bas] adj who has one's self under control. 2 self-reliant. "atam bas hE." -japu. 3 n continence. ~ [atambhu] n born from self, God. 2 son. 3 Brahma. "atambhu bhal ritI pachanat."-NP 4 Shiv. 5 Vishnu. 6 Cupid. l1fT3}f 'ij"R' [atam ras] n a relish of spiritual knowledge. "atamras jInI jal)Io."-savEye m 1 ke. l'>fT3H ~ [atam rak$a], l'>fT3H -a'fcf>w [atam rakkhIa], fT3}f 0CfJfT [atam rakhya] n selfdefence, protection of one's own self. 2 protection of mind or soul "atam rakhya gopal suami."-sahas m 4. ~ [atamrat] adj who loves the soul. 2 who has attained spiritual knowledge. 3 proud of one's body. "atamrata sasar gaha te nar nanak nIhphalah."-sdhds m 5. 'Those who take pride in their body, donot attain salvation'. fT3}f Q'H [atam ram] n such a soul in which those possessing spiritual knowledge dwell; the supreme Soul; God. "gurmukhI man samjhair atamram bican."-sri m 1. 2 a yogi frequenting the spiritual domain.
fT3}f
~ [atam vId] Skt ~ adj equipped with spiritual knowledge; possessing mystery of the soul. fT3}f~ [atam vIdya] n theology especially as taught in the Upanishads; knowledge or science of the self. l'>fT3W [atma] Skt ~, (31\f,-"J1f.1;:rj by which knowledge is acquired; the basis of knowledge got from the Guru's teaching. Knowledge of the soul is the central element in living beings which is the source of many desires. In human beings it is the source from which knowledge of! and mine arises. Some have accepted its location in the brain, and others in the heart while still others believe it permeating the entire body. According to Nyay philosophy, the soul possesses qualities of comfort, pain, knowledge etc., Their presence is the proof of the soul's existence.
"~~~ B'@G':<8 ~HHII\'1..il f(1':S.llfflR1." ~ ~ ,
-nyay dar$an, a ahnrk 1, maxim 10. According to the Vedant, atma is the reflection of sentience in ignorance, abode of ignorance in consciousness, and ignorance itself. Jivatma or spiritual essence is one, as the reflection of the sun in thousands of pots is one, similarly spiritual essence (atma) in different bodies is one and is not separable from the supreme Soul, the sachchidanand (truth, consciousness and joy) or from timespace continuum. Individual soul is not different or separate from Brahm; it only appears so because of the different names given to it. Reflection of Brahm in Maya (physical nature), abode of Maya in conscious beings, and Maya - these three together constitute Ishvar or God. If Maya and abode of Maya are taken away, what remains is pure Brahm. The atheists c.onsider the soul also
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transitory and impermanent like the material substances. Scientists consider the brain cortex as an attribute of ganglionic cells. For Sikhism the soul and the superme Soul are one. "atma pClratma eko kan:."-dh"ma m 1. 2 God. "atmadeu pUjiE gur kE sahajI subhaI. atme no atme di pI'CltitI hOI, ta ghClI' hi pClrca paI."'-var sri m 3. 3 inner self, mind, soul. "atma ac;lolu nCl dolCli gurkE bhaI subhaI. "-var sri, m 3. 4 character, temperament. 5 body, physique. 6 patience, forbearance. 7 intellect. 8 sun. 9 fire. 10 air. 11 son. ~ [atma~I'ClY] n own support, self support. 2 acc:ording to Nyay Shastar, it is a literary defect where subject of a verb is taken as its object. Any topic which anticipates itself is called "atClma~ClrClY" or self-supportiing. ))fT3}-/T ftrfufcr [atma tnbldhI] the mind which possesses three qualities of peacefulness, enjoyment and anger. "atma tnbldhI terE ek lIvtar."-saveye m 2 ke. 'Your mind possessing three aspects is singularly oriented and concentrated on the One'. ))fT3}-/T -e-~ [atma deu] God. "atma deu pujiE." -var sri m 3. ~3" f'an,fro [atmavat gIan] "atClmgyan vat."-saveye m 2 ke. >w3'fi..ra" [atmIk] Skt ~ adj relating to the soul; spiritual. 2 own. 3 mental; of the heart. l?fT3}j" [atClmu] See JT3'}f and fT31-IT. 2 God. 3 the individual soul. "atClmu cinE su tCltu bicare."-gau a m 1. 4 conscience. "atClmu jita gurmClti gU!) gae gobfd."-gau thlti m 5. >w3lf 390 s'fr ~ [atme tin bahe hE]-knsan. three minds (of Rukamini, of her father, and of her brother) are floating in the river of anxiety. l)f13Q [atClI'] Skt n a tax on unloading of charges on boats. 2 See~.
l'>fi3faq [atClnk] Skt 3TR1ftcf; adj internal.
[atrag] a disease of the intestines, also known as chJ:drodClr, or bClddhgudodar, ~m (J' in Persian, and phlebitis in English. According to the vedic books on medicine, if along with eatables, sand, straw, thorn, bone, hard crust of wood, etc. enter the intestines and peel it, pus starts seeping and sometimes causes phlebitis. Besides, there are several diseases of intestines such as ileus, or bloating due to phlegm. Their treatment should be done by some expert physicians as early as possible. Patients of intestinal disease should not eat hard and heavy eatables and should take measures to avoid deposits of impurities in the intestines. "kete at rag te tClre."-cantr 405. ~ [atai] See ~. fl'fuF.r [atI~] See fT3F.f. nrrfatr [atlth], J~"Tf3aJr [atlthy] n hospitality, respect for and service of guests. ~ [atit] See I"3E. ~ [atur] Skt adj perplexed, confounded. "mohI atur teri gCltI nClhi jani."-dhana m 5. 2 sick. "atur nam bIn s;'isaI'."-sar m 5. 3 humble. "asan te uth atur hVE."-krIsan. 4 adv soon, quickly, at once. ~ [atuI'ta] Skt n disease. 2 pain. 3 distraction, bewilderment, confusion. 4 haste, hurry. 5 humility. 6 submission. ~ [atak] See 1'iI3'or. ~ [atI'] Skt;m;:;f n an intestine, lower part of the alimentary canal. l'>fTEf [ath] See )?fEI". 2 n:f wealth, money. 3 sensual pleasures. 4 ~ disappearance. 5 31Tff engrossed, seized, possessed. 6 injured, beaten. 7 See l?fTfu. ~ [athCll}.], rE1~ [athVCl!)], ~ [athVCl!)o] Skt ~ n setting of the sun. "dInClSU CClfE phln athvE."-sri m 4. 2 direction in which
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the sun sets; west, "ugval).hu t athval).hu cahu ~ [adat] A -=-)~ 11 a habit, nature, addiction. caki kianu loa."-var ram m 3. ~ [adam] father of Bhai Bhagtu who was i'a'U [athah], ~ [athaha] SeefEITU"bhagat a devotee of Guru Ram Das, See ~ m. vachal athaha he."-maru solhe m 3. 2 EAdamA (J1 the first man whom, according >wfEr [athI] See l?fTEr. 2 l?fEf money, wealth. to the Bible and Quran, God made with earth "athI sd nic ghan hOI, athI dekhI nIV jIS and in his own image. "baba adam kau kIChu dOI."-o~kar. 'If the lowly and the foolish nadan dIkhai."-bhE'r kClbir. According to a possess wealth, the clever and the noble, also Biblical story, while Adam was sleeping, God bow in respect.' 3 in sensual matters. See took out one of his ribs and turned it into Eve. ~. 4 set, disappeared. "mero janam God put this couple in the garden of Eden maran dukh athI."-bCls~t kClbir. 5 1'ifq here. telling them that they might live there in "mna bhuli athI."-o~kar. 6 tired. "bhukh pleasure and eat fruit. He instructed them not pIaso athI kIU dan jaIsa jiu."-dllCina ch~t to eat fruit of a particular tree. Satan came m 1. 7 ~ supplicant, desirous, aspirant. and lured Adam and Eve to eat the forbidden "bhulo marag athI."-sri CI m 1. 8 the rich; fruit, for which act they were expelled from the wealthy. 9 a word with rtf in the Eden with the curse that Adam's progeny shall beginning. "suasatI athI bal).i barmau, satI have to toil for living and shall be liable to death. In the Bible, Adam's age was 930 suhal).u sada manI cau."-jClpu. Words like years, and Cain I, AbeF and Seth were his sons. those beginning with ~ and rEf enthuse the mind (like the Arabic word sub-han or the T.P. Hughes writes in his Dictionary of Islam that after explusion from heaven, Adam Sikh formula satInamu) See rEf and ~. Professor Teja Singh interprets these lines fell in Ceylon and Eve in Jeddah in Arabia. as 'Salute is to Him who Himself is Maya, They remained separated for 200 years, after which the angel Gabriel brought Adam to Bani and Braham. He is truth incarnate, Mount Arfah and united him with Eve. Adam beautiful and in the form of infinite then went with his wife back to Ceylon where pleasurable desire for doing good'. l?fTfa3:;r [athIty] 11 instability, impermanence. there is a 7426 feet high hill and also a bridge 2 See >wfu3:;r ~. 3 See ~. named after Adam. According to the >wfu3:;r ~ [athIty bhavan] 11 the world, a Ramayan this bridge was made by Ram Chandar. Some poets think that Ram was guest house, an inn. "atya t asa a thI ty bhavna."-sClhCls m 5. 2 a transient home. Adam, and Sita was Eve. 3 adj wrapped in ~ [ad] Skt l')fTfu adj first, initial, basic. 2 11 leather. 4 of wheatish colour. the beginning; origin. 3 the primary cause. ~ "f.l('j1'J:ft [adam ~anasiJ 11 test of a man; a method to assess man's merits and demerits. 4 part others. ~ [ad] See nP3" and ~. jJP dey jivan to sajjan sanehi sag ~ [adak] See l1flfuor. 2 SkI fTt!-q 11 fresh jJP dey mic to bhali hi bhumI ka~i ki. jJpE dey dand to han ke bhajan yut ginger. See ~ 2. ~ [adagg] adj burning, aflame, afire. jJP dey lacch bane seva aVIna~i ki. 2 shining, lighted. "adagg jog sOdar sarup." 'This pronounced as 'QT?)'. -datt. 'This is pronounced as '~'.
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of previous actions. "adI akur ala."-bIha chat m 5. >wfu nffi:r [adI atI] adv in the beginning and at the end; birth and death. "adI atI jo -n~}Val sIgh. rakhanharu."-sukhmani. 2 at any or every time. ~o [adamxor] adj (one) who eats men; fTfu"Fr [adIs] See ~. 2 See ~. 3 adv cannibal. f1t!}f ~ Y1? [adam da pul] Adam's Bridge, a all around. "adIs phIrEya teto bhut kE pachaniE."-akal. 4 See l?fTfuF.r and >wtfu:r 2. 17 miles long low ridge extending from Rameshvaram in Madurai district of Madras l">f"'fua" [adlk] part etcetra, and others. 2 Skt to Munnar in Ceylon. According to the >wecf n fresh ginger. "adlk ke blkh cabat Ramayan tale, it is a bridge wh ich Ram bhorE."-kl'Isan. 'munches aconite root instead of fresh ginger'. Chandar got constructed through Nal and Nil for transporting his army to Lanka (Ceylon). >wfu ~ [adI kavI] n the first poet; Valmik. 2 Shukrachary. See~ 2. ~[admi] A (]Jf n man; progeny of Adam. >wfu~ [adI kumar] n Brahma's sons, Sanak etc. "kai dey adIkumar."-dkal. "ham adami hii. Ik dami."-dh;:ma m J. [adI ~ [admiyat] n humanity, human nature, fTfe" gwfu [adI kuman], "l?-fT"fu gentlemanliness, civility. kumari] n goddess Druga. Parvati. 2 Lachhmi. l)fTt!O radar] Skt n respect, regard, hospitality. nrrreQJO [adr gur] n Guru Nanak Dev. "adIgurae namah."-sukhmani. See~. 2 welcome, reception, hospitality" "adaru dlta parbraham."-suhi d m 5. fTfe" tfcJf'fe" [adI jugadI], rfu tf~ [adI ~ radar] See~and~. jugadi] from the beginning of time. "adr ~ [adaras] Skt l?fIt:F.f n a mirror. "darsE jugadI dalalu tu thakur."-asa a m 1. "adI VIC adaras badan ko."-GPs. 2 an annotation, jugacii rakhda."-majh m 5 dInl'E1) I. a commentary. 3 a sample. 4. a principle, ~ [adlt] See :I~. 2 the sun. See fl"fe3:;r. l)t'f3<;id [adrtvar] the day of the sun; Sunday. purport. ~ [adaru] See l)fTt!O. ~ [adlt van] on or during Sunday. ~ [adal] See ~. "adlt van adltpurakh hE soi."-brla val' 7 ~ [adla] See l1f1"f'ew. m3. l)fTt!T [ada] See ~. ~ [adIU], ~ [adrty] the progeny of ~ [adat] plural of~. Adity; from the dynasty of Adity. 2 Adity's ~ [ada] adj brought. "majanu gun ada son, the sun. '''kr adrtt sokhE."-japu. rase."-sol' n1 5. 'controls even the sun'. 3 the god Vaman. ~ [adab] plural ofR"a". 4 lndar, the king of gods. 5 god, angel. >wfu [adI] See })fIt!. "adI anil anadI."-jdpU. ~ ~ [adrty var] See ~ ~. 2 n God. "adI kau kavanu bicar kathiale'?" >wfu 0'Ef" [adI nath] n the primal Lord, God. 2 according to Yogis' belief, Shiv. -sIdh gosatI. fTfe" nri!o [adI akur] n the result of past >wfu y~ [adI purakh] n Skt>wfu Y"1'f n God. actions. 2 manifestation or cumulative effect "adI purakh ades."-japu. jJpE dey lag nIj gharni ke ag sag sagatI na dijio karor kotI dasi ki, jJpE dey cakri to thakuri hE yahi teri jame matI hOI nEk adam ~anasi ki.
cgwm
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flfe- ftr3'" [adI bnt] Skt ~. adj a rule or

cust-om in practice since the beginning. "dusat nL--kadan adI bnte."-akal. 2 ))fTfu f{fu" subsistence since the beginning of time. 3 pristine habit of the mind. >wfuH [adIm] See})fTt!}f. 2 Skt adjfirst, initial. 3 in grammar, first part of a sentence which is related to the final part, for example in "vIdvan gyani sigh, uttam ketha karda hE", vIdvan gyani sigh is fIfBH. ~ [adImatu], ~ [adImatr] n Rf30Ttf the primal formula. "satInamu tera para purbala."-maru solhe m 5. "dehI ta japi adImatu."-basat m 3. ~ radII] A JJ~ adjjust, impartial, fair. "adIl adal calaIda."-BG ))fl'fuw [adIla] adj the first, initial. 2 vocative, '0, Judge 1.' ~ [adIle] of ancient times, aboriginal. "adIle bhagat jItu lagI tare."-savEye m 4 ke. ~ [adi] See flfe-. 2 adj brought, fetched. "jInI sita adi qauru vaI."-var ram m 1. 3 A l5J~ adj habituated. 4 practising. ~ [afdi] See nrtft 2. >wtfu:r [adis] n flfe--EIH. primal, master, God. 2 P J!JI fire. ~ lades], ~ [adesu] Skt~ n an order command. 2 news, intelligence. 3 instruction, advice. 4 in grammar, replacing a letter with another. 5 Yogi's mutual salutation. "adesu tISE adesu."-japu. ~ffi') [adelan] Skt n repeated oscillation, swinging. 2 a disturbance, a commotion. 3 excitement. 4 a noise, clamour, uproar. ~ lady] Skt adj initial. 2 principal, great. 3 n a thumb. 4 eatable, food. ~tP3'" [adyopat] Skt adv from the first to the last, from the beginning to the end, throughout. ~ [adns], ~ [adnsy] Skt~ adj
invisible. 2 SktYWt!ff a model, standard, norm. "adnsy dharam."-japu. ))fI'l:f [adh] adj half. "adh ghari kou nahI rakhr." -dev m 9. 2 See rfu. l?fTtIfo [adham] short form of~; king's army. -scmama. ~ [adhar], l)fimjT [adhra] adj blind. "adhar ki padvi kahi pavr."-VN. 2 ignorant, stupid. 3 arrogant, conceited. n{ltIT [adha] adj half. ~ [adhan] See fQ1?l. ~ [adhar] See l'>fLI'TO. "nam tera adhar mera."-gau kabir. 2 food. "jIn pEdaIs tu kia soi deI adhar."-tIlag m 5. ~ [adhari] See ~. 2. n stay, support. "sabhna jia ka adhari."-maru solhe m 3. 3 a mendicant's bag. "qaqa mudra khftha adhari." -bIla kabir. nMi:r [adhI] Skt n mental suffering. See OR. 2 worry, anxiety, concern. nMi:r ~~ [adhI dEVIk] Skt adj (suffering) caused by gods. 2 n a calamity caused by heat and cold, rain, lightning, a natural calamity. nMi:r Yfuor [adhI bh::>tIk] Skt adj (suffering) caused by living beings. 2 n (pain) caused by snakebite, tiger, dogbite, etc. l?fTt:ft [adhi] adj (feminine) half. "ek ghari adhi ghari."-s kabir. 2. See rfu. 3 Skt n vigilance. ))firft [adhi] n a fierce blinding storm; a dust storm "gIan ki ai adhi."-gau kabir. ))fTtfur [adhit] See lIfl=ft3'". l)f!tflo [adhin] See l'>Itflo. ~ [adhunIk] Skt adj of the present; modern. l'>f"9" [adhu] adj half. 2 suffering mentally. ))fTih;r [adhey] Skt n something which stays on some support like a bangle on the arm. 2 adj sustainable. ))fTihr [adher], l?fi'iloT [adhera] See l?iilo "adherE rahu na koi."-var majh m 1.
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[adhor;:n:d Skt n a keeper and driver of an elephant; a mahout. ~ [adhyatmIk] Skt 31T~~<fi adj spiritual; pertaining to the soul; concerning the mind. See 3'l.f and ~. flO [an] See !T(Y. 2 Skt })f(').if adj other, alien, stranger. "an apna karat vicara."-sor m 5. 3 n honour, glory. "jInI rakhil an s~Hani." ~sar m 5. 4 Skt face, mouth. 5 self-respect; pride. "In logan te an manau."-NP 6 P 1;,(( wine. 7. savour, relish. 8 beauty. 9 See})fr 2. })fTO'C{ [amk] Skt n a battledrum, kettledrum. 2 a thundering cloud. 3 adj sound producing, clamorous. ~ ~ [amk dOdbhi] Skt fT0""a" ~~~gj- n a high sounding war-drum. 2 Krishan's father Vasudev. There is a story in the Purans that gods had sounded war drums at Vasudev's birth, therefore he got this name. I "balak amk dodbhi ke bhayo dodbhi bajat an ke dvarE."-rahim kaVI. 'A son was born in the house of Vasudev but the drum is being beaten in the house of another (Nand).' l')fl'(')Cift [anki] n where war drums are sounded, army.-sanama. fT03" [anat] Skt adj bent, humble. 2 A ..:::;~, n aid, assistance. fTire [amd] See ~t: "anad rup sab nadri aIa."-bIla m 5. fTire ~ [anad dOdabh] See ))IIT('iO[ 'g'~reft. In krisnavtar, page 185, some scribe has written ~~ instead of~~ as the name ofVasudev. "anad dOdabh chaum:." Krishan son of Anak Dundubhi. fTire lfl'i [anad mull adj root of joy. "anad mul jagjivan c1ata."-guj m 4. ~ [amdu] See flit. 2 Guru Amar Das's composition 'Anand' in Ramkali measure. "anadu sUl)hu baqbhagi hO."-an.du.
ISee Vishnu Puran, Ch 4, Section 14.
fTi'i'q [anaddh] Skt ~ n a musical instrument
in which metal or cotton cords are tied in knots as markers indicating different notes and pitches. 2 a musical instrument tightly stitched in leather. "anaddha murjaclIka." -amar kO$. 3 adj tightly stretched. 4 tied, bound. rOO [anan] Skt n face, mouth. "an;:m ras kas laVE na lai."-gau m 5. 'Tastes of the palate can't compare with those of His name.' 2 face and head. "anan kaj bIda bnjraj pE ayo." -krrsan. 'Khafag Singh's head has come to Krishan as if to bid farewelI'. ~ [anpaIni], ~ [anpavnil See
~.
[anyan] Skt n bringing, fetching. fl"i')ij'ff [anras] See ~'. "rasa anrassa bhali bMt bhugga."-VN. ))fl'01? [anal] fire, See llfi'5"1? "pavan pavan, anal anal, nabh nabh, bhu bhu sag."-carrtr 108. 'Breath blended with air, body's heat with fire, ethereal fluid with the sky, and earth with the earth'. fIOT [ana] v to come, arrive. 2 Skt ~ n a coin; an anna, 'North one sixteenth of a rupee or four paisas. 3 an eyeball. 4 adj})f(').if, other, another, different. fifo [anI] adv having brought, having come. "anI anI samclha bahu kini."-kalI am 4. ~ [anit] Skt adj brought, colIected. 2 See
))fI(')liI(')
fi'i1f3".
[anita] See~. 2 adjhelpless (without God). "bIn han han anita re.,,_asa m 5. ~ [anile] l,et us bring. 2 adv having brought; having come. "anile phul paroile mala."-asa nalndev. fTQ liQ1ft [anu purbi] Skt fTOl/m adj serialIy, in order. ~ [anuvak] See IQ ~. fTQ1.f [anup] See~. "japI japI karhI anad
~
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jdn dCdrdj anup."-jE't m 5. in by Sardar Sundar Singh Majithia, on 27 ~ [anek] See mar. August, 1909 report was called for from a ~ [anet] See ~. 2 See l'>fT013'. select committee, and on 22 October 1909, ~ [aneta] See ~. 2 Skt ~ one who the Anand Marriage Act was passed. I brings; a fetcher. ~ fRur [anad sigh] A pious Sikh who ~ [anera], ~ [aneru] n darkness, gloom. became an ascetic on reading from Anand the "bIn sdbd atdrI anera."-majh <J m 3. "ghdtI line: "Ihu kutab tu jI dekhda cdlr nahi terr canI).a aneru bInaSdI).I."-Var ram 1 m 3. nale." He came into the service of Guru fTi'f3' [anat] See ~3'. "hdrkhdvat anat Gobind Singh and got entitled to the highest ddIala."-maru solhe m 5. spiritual glory. ~ [anad] See ~. "anad guru te jaI).Ia." ~ [anad gdrh] one of the forts of Guru -<Jnadu. 2 a metre. See ~. 3 the Eternal, Gobind Singh. See ~. the Creator. 4 According to the Sikh custom, ~ 11/0 [anad ghan] a famous Udasi saint, the marriage ceremony comprises who lived mostly in Kashi. He wrote a (a) a Sikh girl be engaged to a Sikh youth; commentary on Japuji in Sammat 1852. Bhai (b) in age, physical condition, etc., both should Santokh Singh has strongly criticised and be suitable for marriage and both should be rejected it. 2 a Kayasth poet who wrote Sujan Sagar Granth. He was killed during Nadir desirous of having mutual marital Shah's invasion on Mathura. relationship; (c) the engagement should take place after ~ ~~ [anad dGddbh] See l'Wi'it!' t~. ardas (supplicatory' prayer) in the presence })fTift!Y'a' [anadpurl See ~. 2 Guru Teg Bahadur, having purchased land in Makhoval of Guru Granth Sahib; village near Nainadevi hills founded this town (d) the day of marriage be fixed on a religious on the bank of Satluj river in Sammat 1723. day or with the consent of the five beloved ones; It is now in Una sub-division of Hoshiarpur (e) the marriage party should consist of as district. It flourished a great deal under Guru many persons as the bride's parents/guardians Gobind Singh. It is known as the home of the Khalsa which signifies that the home of the invite, and both sides should meet while father of the Khalsa is also the home of his reciting sacred hymns; (f) early in the morning, after asa di var, the progeny, the Khalsa. bride and bridegroom should be imparted In Sammat 1746, Guru Gobind Singh got instructions according to the scripture, and five forts built for the defence of the city: (a) Anandgarh, (b) Lohgarh, (c) Fatehgarh, their marriage be confirmed. Then the lava (d) Keshgarh, (e) Holgarh. Now gurdwaras (circumabulatory) text and anad be recited add to the prestige of these sites. Following and consecrated pudding distributed. The anad form of marriage is very old is the detail of the gurdwaras at Anandpur: among the Sikhs. Nabha's heir apparent, (1) Akal Bunga is Guru Gobind Singh's prince Ripudaman Singh tried to give it a gurdwara within the compound of Gurdwara legal status. A bill was presented in the IThis has been printed in several languages and is Council on 30 October 1908. With efforts put available with book sellers.
ar.r
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WEAPONS OF SRI DASHMESH JI AT TAKHAT K1ESGARH SAHIB
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TAKHAT KESGARH SAHIB- SRI ANANDPUR
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nak~a anadpur na~an gurdvara -----.
I,
II
rasla pahari n11a I;devinu'
II II
caran gaga
s arakuna
pahar
- -=---
pahllf
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Sisganj. Here he was consecrated as the: Guru. It has a beautiful building in which Guru Granth Sahib is placed. (2) Anandgarh Fort is less than half a mile to the south. It was raised as one of the forts for the defence of the city. Inside the fort there is an open well of which the steps are difficult to ascend and around which there are cells where, if one enters, it is difficult to find one's way out. The gurdwara is also very elegant and recitation of Guru Granth Sahib goes on here. It has a grant of land worth Rs. 1600 a year in villages Chandpur, Burj, Chikuna and Mehandri in Anandpur police station. A cash grant of Rs. 37\14 per annum is given by the Kalsia state. The gurdwara has 125 ghumaon of land. It was to destroy this fort that the hm chiefs sent a drunken elephant whose head was pierced 'by Bhai Bachittar Singh with his spear. (3) Within the town of Anandpur Sahib is gurdwara Sisganj raised in the memory of Guru Teg Bahadur. Here Guru Teg Bahaclur's head brought from Delhi was cremate:d. Attached to it is grant of land worth Rs. 900 sanctioned from the time of the Sikh rule. Besides this there are annual cash grants ofRs. 371;4 from the Kalsia state, Rs. 60 from the Patiala, and Rs. 70 from the Nabha states. (4) Close to Anandpur to the south,~estjis Guru Gobind Singh's gurdwara Keshgarh Sahib" where Khalsa Panth was forged on Baisakhi day of 1756 Bikrami. This gurdwara has the following relics: (a) a Nagni spear 8 feet 9 inclhes long. (b) a bhala (spear) half an inch less than eight feet in length. Its front pike is two feet and nine inches long. There is
a long wooden grip in the middle. (c) a sEf (straight sword), 4 feet 3 inches in length including the grip; the grip is 3 inches broad decreasing to two inches in the middle and lastly tapering to a pointed end. The sword weighs two seers. 1 The inscription on it is: one side
G?;@)
.,-':?d"'r!dY!..:fC~ b! ,;:, ~Lr:t?LI~LI
the obverse
(d) a double edged broad sword, 3 feet 3.5 inches long with its blade 1.5 inches broad in the middle and increasing to 2.25 inches at the end. This is the sword which was used to test the faith of the five beloveds. (e) a dagger 2 feet one inch long including its grip. On the grip are carved figures of elephants and lions. Details of the grant of gurdwara Kesgarh: half the annual rent of the entire land of village Baddon equal to Rs. 1150 was offered
I
According to Giani Sampuran Singh, a senior aged priest of Kesgarh Sahib, this weapon was given by the Caliph Muhammad IV of Rome to Aurangzeb along with a ceremonial gown but Bahadur Shah presented it to Guru Gobind Singh. From the inscription, it seems unlikely that a Caliph would have given it to a king belonging to Sunni faction oflslam. The author's father Baba Narayan Singh used to tell that this weapon was presented to Guru Gobind Singh by Pir Budhu Shah ofSadhaura.
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by Sardar Baghel Singh Jathedar, at the time The gurdwara is on a low hillock, and its of taking amrit; Rs. 400 per year from village building was raised by Sardar Gujjar Singh Giganval, district Jalandhar donated by an aristocrat of Surakhpur in Kapurthala Sardar Mit Singh Jathedar; Rs. 1100 per year State. A banyan tree close to the gurdwara from Mothepur village under police station has been there since the time of the Anandpur donated by Sardar Charat Singh Sahibzadas. Dallevalia; Rs. 75 per annum from village (9) Bhora Sahib (cave-like structure) within Mahain under police station Anandpur in the gurdwara Guru Ke Mahal to the West of Bilaspur State. Other annual grants are Anandpur is dedicated to Guru Teg Bahadur who used to meditate here on the Almighty. Rs. 375 from Patiala state, Rs. 169 and 10 annas from Nabha State and Rs. 37Y4 from It is about 8 feet below the land surface and Raja ofKalsia. The gurdwara itself is located ten descending steps lead to it. in a plot of 33 ghumaons. (IO) Fort Fatehgarh is a gurdwara of Guru Gobind Singh located inside the town close Total income is about Rs. 3000. Offerings to the police station. The fort built by Guru during Hola Mohala fair are also Gobind Singh for the defence of the town, is considerable. (5) Guru ke Mahal as got built by Guru Teg 10 rums now. Bahadur as his residence. Guru Gobind Singh (II) Lohgarh Fort is about one mile southwest of Anandpur which the tenth Guru got built also lived here. Some walls of that time still to protect the city. This fort was destroyed by exist. the Satluj river as also throgh the negligence (6) Damdama Sahib. To the west of the town of the Sikhs. Now a small gurdwara stands is a gurdwara of Guru Gobind Singh. Here here to which belong about three ghumaons the Guru held congregations and it was here of land. 3 See lJQR' }j1;) and m. that he punished masads (preachers-cum-title~-a- ~ fcffi [anadpur de kIIe] See ~ collectors). (7) Manji Sahib is Guru Teg Bahadur's yo 2. gurdwara close to Guru ke Mahal. Here the ~ lj1i5' [anad mull n God, the source of all Guru held his daily congregation. It was here joys. "anadmul anath adhari."-dh;ma am 1. that the pandits of Kashmir appealed to the ~;: ~t( [anad rup] God whose form and attribute are ajoy to behold. "anad rup anup Guru to protect their religious faith. agocar."-maru solhe m 1. (8) Manji Sahib (2) is a gurdwara dedicated to the sons of Guru Gobind Singh, Baba Aj it ~ [anadi] Skt 3TRffi, adj happy, joyful. Singh, Jujhar Singh, Jorawar Singh and Fateh ~-g [anadu] See l?fTi;:. Singh, who were trained in games and got ))fTtf lap] Skt 31ft{ vr to happen; to acquire; to satisate. 2 ~"pron one self. "karhu sabhar their education here as young boys. It has an sard'h ki ap."-GPs. 3 polite words for 'you' annual grant ofRs. 80 from village Surewal, police station, Anandpur since the time of and 'he'. "gurusIkkhi ko bhakhf;lo ap."-GPs. Maharaja Ranjit Singh; and annual grants of 4 n selfhood, ego. "ana VICI ap varatda karI).a kIChu na jaI."-maru m 3. 5 God who is the Rs. 18 and 10 annas sent from the Kalsia state self of all. "jaM lobh tahI kal hE jaM khIma and Rs. 25 from the Patiala state.
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tahI ap."-s kabir. 6 self-knowledge. "apE no ~ [apad], ~ [apda] n a calamity, ap khaI m;mu nIrmaIu hOVE."-l1ar sri m 3. disaster, adv.ersi~~r. 2 hindrance. "taM dukh sab apad."-sar m 4. 7 adj one's own. "Isat mit ap bap na mai.." -gau m 5. "so dhan kIS-hI na ap."-asa m 4. ~o [apan] pron personal, belonging/ 8 Skt 3ffiT adj active, smart. "Iae sarab SEna kie pertaining to. "apan bapE nahi kISi ko bhavan ko han raja."-sor ravdas. 2 self, oneself, ap rupa."-parOls. 9 ~ n water. "jEse dhar sagar me gaga ji ko ap hE."-c.Jc;ii 1. "avar mue kIa sog karijE, tau kijE jau apan ~ tapas] n mutual relationship. 2 an jijE."-gau kabir. 3 n a shop. See })jTl.j(y. "banaj alliance. 3 brotherhood. 4 See l'>fTtf 7. 5 adv sJj s6 apan puri."-NP mutually, among ourselves. })fTl.[i')'3T [apanra] pron of the self, one's own. ~ [apsuarthi] adj selfish, self-seeking. "apanra prabhu nadIr kan dekhE."-vac;i m "manmukh apsuarthi."-var sor m 3. . 4. "apanrE ghan han rago ki na maI).ehI." ~ [apkari] See ~. 2 See })j~~"ijt. -tIlag m 1. l'>fTtf ~ lap gaI).auI).a] v to include oneself ))fTtIOT [ ap na] See l'Ifl.IOT. among the gentry or important people. "je ko ~ [apbhes] adj one's own dress. 2 pride ap gaI).aIda so murakh gavar."-var guj 1 m 3. incarnate, pictun:: of self-conceit, "bhayo ap ))fTtfiJTT [apga] Skt n a river, in which ap (water) bhesa."-ramav. flows. "cft apga bhai mahani."-NP. See ~ [apmuhahu], ~ [apmuhara] adj ~. self-willed, headstrong, impulsive; impervious l')fT1.fajU [ap grah] See >'>f1.f'O]"fu. to advice from others. 2 who can do things })fT1.I"(!" [apaI).] Skt n a shop. 2 a market 3 See on his own wJithout external prodding. f'l.IO. "apaI). lia je mIIE."-majh barahmaha. 3 speaking spontaneously without refinement })fIlf<!T [apI).a] See 'fl.fi'iT. "aplW coj karl vekhE "mukhI bolE aprnuhahu."-sor m 4. ape."-var bIha m 4. l1fT 'lJR' [a parasl See l?fl..RJFf. "nIrhar varti a })fIlf<!T ~ [apI).a bhaI).a] n narcissism; selfparsa."-sri a m 5. seeking wilfulness. "apI).E bhaI).E jo callE bhai! l'>fTtf ~ lap IakhauI).a] v to reveal oneself; VIchurI cota khavE."-sor m 3. 2 God's will to try to make oneselfwell-known. 2 to expose and pleasure. one's real self. "ratna sar na jaI).ai, aVE apu l)fTtI3" [apat] SkI })fl'l./fu n a calamity, distress. IakhaI."-var ram 1 m 2. "sapat harakh na apat dukha."-gau m 5. ))fll.f ~ rap vaJ1auI).al v to lose selfhood; 2 Skt ~ ego, pride. "kam krodh Iobh moh to shed pride. apat pac dut bIkhaQIO."-SaVEye m 3 ke. l'>fTlIT tapa] n one's own self, selfhood. 2 pride, 3 SktYWlJ adj received, acquired. 4 wise; shrewd. ego. 3 one's real worth orreal self. "jannanak 5 who tells the reality. 6 n a sage, hermit. bIn apa cim: mItE' na bhram ki kai."-dhana ~ [apatkam] Skt ~ adj all whose m 9. 4 M l?fTLr' father. desires have been fulfilled; fully satisfied. l2fTtIT [apa] pron. plural of l'>fTtf. we. ~ [apatI] See ))fTLf3' 1. 2 Skt 1'lfT1\r n l)fT1.(ti! [apau] Skt ~:;Pl;ro n watering, acquisition, profit. irrigation. "salIl apau saragpaI).i."-sri m 1. ~ [apatu] Ski ~ n ego, pride. 2 love of 'Irrigate with water i.e. with God's name'. the self. "choQ apatu bad ahakara."-toc;ii m 5. 2 See~~.
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~ [apaut).a] See~. 2 v to adopt, make
(something) one's own, "prabhu gahI bhuja apaIo."-gau am 5. ~ [apaIa] adopted as one's own. See ~. 2 merged in 'his Qwn form. "kama apI karavan ape, kahu nanak apI apaIo." -sar m 5. l?fTU1U [apah] disinterested. See l")ftIT(T. "karat). karat). samrath apahe."-maru solhe m 4. ))fTl.fTQ [apar] See })fl.fTO. "kautak karE rag apar."-sukhmani. l'>fTfi.r [apI] See )){Tl.f. 2 part self, by oneself. "apI chute nah chutiE."-var mala m 1. 3 SkI n a friend, a chum. ~ [apIa] adjowned, made one's own. "l;'lk bhabhIkhat). apIo ho."-sor namdev. ~ ~ [apit).E apahu], ~ >wRr rapine apI] by onself; without another's help. "apinE apahu."-var suhi m 1. "jInI apinE apI sajIa sacra alakh aparo."-va<;f m 1 alalu)ia. >n'Y [apu] one's self. See)){Tl.f. "apE jat).E apu." -japu. "apu savarhI :thE mIlhI."-s farid. 2 selfcpride, egotism. "apu tragI s;'lt caran lagI."-prabha partal m 5. 3 part self, one's 'self. "apu gae auran hu khovhI. ','-gau kabir. lWU))fIt( [apeap], lWU>wRr [apeapI] See~ 'nfTfJ. "han ape apI upaIda."-sri m 4 vaI)jara. lWU lWU [ape ape] selfalone, one's self. 2 vain, conceited. "ek mahaii til ape ape, ek mahalI garibano."-gau m 5. 3 See lWU >wRr. ~ [apodhap], ~ [apodhapi] n rat race for one's own interests; extreme selfishness; ,action to please oneself alone. "apo dhapi hOIkE nyare nyare dharam calavE."-BG 2 SkI ~ ill-intention, illomened thinking, perplexity. l'>f'l1 [ap:>] See)){Tl.f and~. pride. 2 by oneself. "nanak je ko apo jat).E, agE gaIa na soh." -japu. 'if some one thinks that he is able to
achieve anything.' [afat] A .,:;,1 SkI l'>fTlR n a calamity, adversity. 2 a distress, affliction. 3 a turbulence, tumult. . ~ [aftab] P ",:""Dl n drier of water, the sun. "aftab sam uday na hov."-GPs. ~tiIHO [aphtabe yaman], ~ liIWi'i' [aphtabe yaman] P ~",:""Dl-l:Jlt",:""Dl the sun of Yemen; bright and very hot. "caraGe falak aftabe yaman." "kI mahe falak aftabe yaman."-hakayats. ~ [aphart).a], ~ [aphama] v to bloat, swell with pride. See l?fGTO. ~ [afadl P J.jl part a term of applause and approval; well done, bravo. 2 adj -This word meaning 'who produces' comes at end as in jaM afd, the creator of the world. ~ [afridah] P &,~.)1 produced, gave birth to. )jIO~idlt!(') [afridan] P l:J-t)1 v to give birth, produce. ~ [aphridi] See ~. ~ [aphrin] See ~. ~ [afat] A .::-Gl plural of~. "sarka::; hVE aphat uthai."-GPS. ~ [aphar] See l?fGTO. ~ [aphu] See . "amli mI::;ri cha<;l.k aphu khat sarahI ."-vrfd. 2 See~. "gunhI us ke sagal aphu."-trl.g m 5. ~ cit [aphua ki bari] n a pill or pailet of opium; a dose of opium. "amIt aphua ki bari khaI ca<;l.hai bMg."-carItr 111. fllf lab] P ",:",,1 n water. See )){Tl.f 9 and ~. '''darakhatabaskar.''-varmajhm1.2mercUl)'. 3 jewel. 4 glory. 5 honour, dignity. 6 price, value. 7 rank, status. 8 custom. 9 habit, nature. "sac ki ab nIt dehI pat).i."-sri m 1. 'Irrigate the act of telling the truth". !Ta" lab] n a mango. "pakan lage ab."-s kabir. 'Seekers of spiritual knowledge have begun
~
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-asa k<;Jbir. 'Bad actions turned into good to ripen with good qualities.' \J1iI"3" [ab hayat], l2fT8" V~ [ab hEvan] P ones.' See ~. ..::.-~,_J .. . - LJIY .. _1 . water of life; amrit; elixilr; ~ [ahro] See "~. "gai abro diragh aj." -GPs. nectar. lW8a"6" [abkar] P .J~1 a distiller. 2 a distiller ~ [abli] n an unripe mango. 2 tamarind. or maker of wine. 3 fruit of tamarind. 4 See ~. ~ [abad] A )~r plural of~ an aeon. 2 P ~ [abkari] P i5.J~1 n a distillery. 2 a wine a habitation, town. 3 praise. 4 adj populated, factory. inhabited. ~ [abxora] P vY-1 n a pot for drinking; a cup, bowl, goblet. ~ [abadan] P lJb~1 populated. "abadan bfl80fuJ [abgir] P n a pit or tank for holding sada mas-hur."-g<;Ju r<;Jvrdas. 2 a famous city water. 2 a trench, stream. 3 a pot for water, a in Arabian Iraq. pitcher. ~ [abadi] P i5)~r n a habitation, populated place, residential area. 2 population, census. ~ [abgu] P l:Jf1 adj water-coloured. 2 glittering like water. 3 a shining sword. ~ rabId] A -t lr for adj who worships; a 4the name of a canal in Persia. devotee. l2fT8";:m;:n.r [ab jamjam] water of zamzam well. ))111ft [abi] P J1 adj related to water, watery. See B'M and RHffif. 2 n moisture" 3 short form for~. "bajaQ sath ahian lehi."--c<;JrItr 111. ~ [abdar] P A-r1 adj shining, having a glitter. 2 n a servant who always waits upon ~ [abu] Skt l?Itt!' n Mount Abu, a hill top of his master with a flask of wine or water. Aravati mountain in Rajputana. It is said to have been the residence of sage Vashishth. ~ [abnus] P vr.1 ebony; heavy blac:kwood used for making pen holder stands, picture Its average height is 3930 feet and the highest frames and other beautiful articles. Its tree is top, Guru Shikhar, is 5650 feet high. Here is found mostly in South India, its Latin name an ancient fire pit from which Rajputs are said is diospyros emenum. G ebenos E ebony. to have emerged. There are also some very ghughat ughar kari naIka didar.din, old Jain temples here. Rich people of dekhat hi bhaqigai haqi dadhi phus ki, Rajputana come here to spend their summers. bheqan ke dJr pari hJI pari ghusan ke, ~ ~ [abe hEvan] See l2fT8" ~. kavvan ke rJr pari apne jalus ki, ~ ~ [abe baka] P I#! ":":, n elixir of life; kabri nIkari kari kola ki bIgari kul, nectar; ambrosia. bhanat "puran" na agari kuhu hus ki, ~ [abr] n a mango. tava me na tab rahi kajar be ab bhai, >wm [abhni] n splendid army.-s<;Jnama. teri ab dekhe ab gai abnus ki. ~ [abharaQ] Skt n an ornament. "harrnam ~ [abpa$i] P J~1 n irrigation, watering. ra g abharQi. "-fets<;Jri m 5. 2 fostering, 2 sprinkling of water. ' nourishing, tending. ~ [abm] P u 1 n gloss of face; honour, ))fI9T [abha] Skt n splendour. 2 lustre, radiance. reputation, dignity. "VIC sabha abm khoI 3 praise. tohI."-GPS. ~ [abhas] Skt n a reflection, glimpse, ~ [abre] n a mango. "kakri abre pakae." image.
l2fT8"
I
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[abhaga] See l'>IWaJT. "janmat ki na muo ~ [amdad] P .t..1 they came. abhaga."-maru solhe m 3. lWHO raman] Skt ~ n a disease, sickness. ~ [abhani] n a splendid army.-scmama. l)f1}fOtliI" [amnay] Skt ~ n Ved. 2 practice, ~ [abhar] Skt n weight, load, burden. 2 a exercise. 3 a ceremony, custom. 4 sectarian, responsibility. 3 a favour, benefaction. 4 a communal. varnIk metre, See mit ~ ~ 27. l)fT}f l.P3" [am pat] abortion. See '(J]'Og 1J~. ~ [abhIkhek] See ~. 2 adj relative, 2 exuding or oozing of undigested food relation. through the arse. Due to the weakness of the ~ [abhIgy] See rfu"aJJr. belly-heat, the raw sap of food deteriorates lWfim [abhIj] See ~. and exudes in the form offoul-smelling greasy ~ [abhul] See~. "ap abhul na bhulau." faeces heavier than water. The patient should -saveye sri mukhvak m 5. take soft and light food like rice or sago. If ~~ [abhukha1).], ~CfO [abhukhan] Skt the intestines develop inflammation and pain, it results in dysentery. A patient of ampat ~ n an ornament. "jIh prasadI abhukhan pahIrijE."-sukhmani. 2 a literary figure of should be given hauberry, fresh ginger, motha speech; a figurative expression. grass and oldenlamdoi boiled in water, bifora ~ [abhog] in music, the final part of and pith of mannalos mixed with jaggery dhrupad, etc.; climax of sexual pleasure. should be eaten or drunk like tea. A powder ~ [abhaj] See >$N. of ginger, white cumin seeds, rock salt, 1WH [am] Skt nfT(f the sap of undigested food asafoetida, nutmeg, mango seed, onarmulos, which oozes through the anus. See})f1}flfl3" 2. catechu and ground bharingi eaten with curd is effective. "ampat aru sro1).at pata."-carItr 2 Skt ~ a mango. 3 Skt nf'}fljf. a disease. "sun lahI1).a harkhyo rIde jyo ami khvE 405. am."-NP. 'just as a patient becomes happy nf'}fljf [amay] Skt n a disease, malady. 2 loss, on getting rid of his illness.' 4 A (~ adj harm. 3 indigestion, dyspepsia. 4 a camel. common, general, frequent, not special. bfTl-Rf lamar] See})f}Rf. "ap gavaI amar rahe." -asa a m 1. "hOI amro gnh mahI bEtha." 5 famous. 6 n a year. ))fI)ft:f [amakh] See llfIfi../l:r. -sor ill 5. 2 /1 who gives an order. "dhur ki bheji ai amar."-asa m 5. 'Maya is sent by the 1WH 1:f1Jf [am khas] n a session of the court of Almighty per His will.' 3 A }I weak, kings of Delhi in which special courtiers as powerless. "Ihu amar ham gUrI kie well as common people presented themselves. darbari."-asa m 5. 'This maya became 2 a royal function which anyone could attend; powerless and we became supreme'. an open court. "am khas me kari prasasa." -GRS. l)f'}ffi)i [amaras], l?fIl-RJl:f [amarakh] Skt l'>fTHJ'f n anger, ire. "Irkha parukha chal amarkha." ))(T}1t! [amad] P ..I came, "kuja amad kuja raphti."-trlag namdev. 'Where did you come -NP. 2 Skt l?fTHF.f an intimate touch. 3 a consultation. from, where do you goT. 2 n income Skt'tl%f. })fTHfu [aman],))fT}Rft [amri], ilfTH'2 [amaru] See "amad xarac sabharan kare."-GPs. f}f'Q and })f11-fQ. "aji amri nIvalka karam .~ [amdan] P d ..r v to come, arrive. 2 n vare."-datt. 'unborn, deathless practitioners income.
f19'OII'
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absorbed or accommodated. "cClkha dvar amey vahya su aVE."-NP ))fl}Rr [amer] , ~:. lamer] an ancient town near Jaipur which once was a capital. See'iw and
of Yoga.' ~ [amrud] See ~. ~ [amro] See 'fl}Rf. }')f'}IH' [amCll] See fT'fI.ffi. ~ [amlClk] See~. "hath amlak atClm gyana."-NP ~ [amli] See nn-rc;ft. l')fT)-fTf.I1jf [ama$ClY] SkI n the stomach wherc~ raw food (am) settles. 2 the first part of the small intestine, where liver and gall bladder meet; duodenum. ~ [amat] See fH'3". ))fl}fIt!(J [amadClh] P ~AT' ready, prepared. ))fT}I'I'5 ramal] A Jlfl n plural of ~1-IC? actions, doings, pranks, tricks. f'fi.r [am I] See fTl-/liT and 3'1'fi.f. lWfHcr [amIkh] SkI ~ n meat, flesh. "pnthClm tClj-hu amIkh ko khana."-NP >wfi.rn' [amIl] A J~ doer, performer, practioner. 2 n a worker, servant; an employee "amII mulkCln ke JIS thai"-GPS. 3 a revenue official of old times, whose descendants are still called amils in Sindh. 4 an artisan, craftsman. fl}ft [ami] adj suffering from a disease; sick, patient. See })fI)-f 3. 2 A Amen l part be it so ! 3 please accept, approve. lW!1 [amu] P ,:r n river Oxus ofBukhara which flows through the middle of Turan and Iran (Persia). "amu adI bakhankE israstra kahI ;}t."-scmama. 'Varun is the husband of river Amu, and his weapon is execution.' -Semama. ~ [amextClh] P ;t'r adjblended, mixed. ~ [amextan] P v to join, mix. l'lfIHi:r [amez] P Xl adj mixed. 2 mixed; used after a word as 'ffiwHt.r. ~ [ameZI:;;] P J;tT' n mixing, mixture. f'lfur ramey] adj See~. 2 which cannot be
fmr.
))fTlf ~ ramo samI).e] adv face to face.
"lakkh nClgarevCljjCln amo samI).e."-c~di 3. ~. [amokhtClh karl P .Ill' ~,...T' adj trained, skilled in doing work. l?fT'lft:so [amokhtCln] P v to receive instruction or training. 2 to teach or train. ~ [amod] SkI n happiness, pleasure, enjoyment. "ur amod sag bhe gClhIvClr."-NP ~ [amol],})fI}j-W [amola], ~ [amoli] See ~. 2 priceless. "guru pClhI SIr bec amolia." -var geJU m 4~ [amatrCll)] SkI n an invitation. 2 a solicitation. l'lfI'Ii [amr] SkI n a mango. l'lfI'Ii Ho [amr mJr] n pollen of a mango. ))fTtiJ' [ay] SkI n income. l'lfIliI'R' [ayCls], l?{ll:if;1:J [aysu] n permission. See
fTHcr3u
?,...1
l?fTfuR .
2 spread. "mClstClk ayClt 10cCln lone."-NP. 3 A ..;;:..;1 a line of the text of Bible or Quran. 4 a sign, mark. S prophet's miracle. l?f"liI'8i') [aytCln] SkI n a house, home, residence. 2 god's house; a temple. ))fTljj'3' [ayCltt] SkI 3jTIr'fT adj subordinate, subservient. ~ [ayCld] P ~:r adj likely to come. 2 A ~~ returning. 3 appllicable. l'lfItiIO [a ycl n] S ee !lifO. flljJT [aya] v past tense of~. "bClga bhI aya cau."-var vac;i m 3. 2 Pg a nurse. 3 P ~1 part what; if; or. lWtiI"H [ayam] SkI n extending, pervading. 2 act of bringing within rules. See ~. 3 See l'}fljfT)-f.
fTliI3' [ayClt] SkI adj broad.
.:r.:r
JXr
'This is originally a Greek word meaning 'really', 'infact'. Christians and Muslims utter it loudly after their supplicatory prayers.
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>wl!!'. [ayu] Skt n age. 2 ghee, clarified butter. 3 a Chandarvanshi king, son of Pururva. 4 food, corn. 5 air. 6 an offspring. 7 medicine, drug. ~ [ayusman], ~ [ayukhman] Skt ~ adj long I ived, lasting for a long time. >wl!!'l:fT [ayukha] Skt ~ n age, duration of life. >wl!!'l:f.if [ayukhy] Skt ~ adjwho gives life. 2 n eatables fit for a sickperson. 3 strength, power. ~ [ayut] See ~ and l?fTliI3". ~ [ayudh] Skt n a weapon. 2 a horn or conchshell, which is helpful in a battle. ~ [ayudhan] a battle, See ~. "ghor ayudhan ESO bhayo."-carrtr 405. ~ [ayur] n age. "chIn chIn ayur bitat jai." -NP. See >wl!!'l:fT. ~ ~ [ayur ved] Skt ~\: n a minor Ved about the age of human beings; a medical science. Ashvini Kumar is regarded as its chief preceptor; he taught it to Indar, who in turn taught it to Dhanvantri. This Ved is derived from Atharv Ved. Now there is no book bearing this name, but all books on medical science are covered by it. "ayur ved kiyo parkasa."-dh ana tar. ~ rayed] P you come. This word is coined from fl}R'O. ~ [ayodhan] Skt n a battle, war. 2 a battlefield. l)f1Q far] Skt n an awl. "ar nahijIh topau."-sor ravrdas. Here})Rf' stands for sharp intellect. 2 a tooth ofa circular saw; an axle ofa wheel. 3 a raw metal. 4 a pointed prod for driving an animal. 5 A ./~ shame, modesty. 6 S to cajole, express love or fondness. lWQR' [aras] n sloth. "bIsar arsa sabE prdbhat 10k jag-hi."-suraj 2 Skt l'>fll'f' adj concerning a sage (rishi); a sage's composition. 3 n a
book respected for its association with a sage. l1f1OR3T [arasta] n laziness, sloth, lassitude. 2 See ))fIQTR'3T. l)fTOR't [arsi] Skt ~ n a mirror, a looking glass. "Ihu manu arsi koi gurmukhI vekh." -majh a m 3. "jse'taro tari :lr arsi sanah sastra."-BG See~. 2 an ornament with a mirror fixed in it which ladies wear on their thumbs. "kaha su arsia muhI b~ke."-asa am 1. 3 also used in place of~. ~ [arakat] Skt~ adjred. 2 with a tinge of redness. ~ HHfo [arakta jdlanI] n a river of reddish water; Sarasvati.-sanama. l')fI"6il [ara jl See fTQljf. l')f'OR3T [arajta] Sktnrrri?;r n culture, civilization. "sIrjan arajtay."-NP. 2 superiority, eminence. 3 candour, simplicity. ~ [arjani] Skt itfo't adj white as silver (RI'iJO), bright. 2 a female collector. "nama arjani marjani."-caQi 2. ~ [arjay] Skt ~ n simplicity, serenity, honesty. "arjav bma kutIlta jOI."-GPS 2 adj simple, guileless, innocent. ~ [arja] S n age. state. 2 See })flOlj1T. "je jug care arja."-japu. 3 Skt rttJIT mother. 4 a metre. See QJTUT. 5 adj noble woman, virtuous lady. "bhan nIj bharja s6 arja ! srava!). kar."
-GPs.
l')fTijWfu [arjadhI] n ~-~. duration of life. See })fij'FJTfu.
[arjan] n the enemy of age; old age. -sanama. ~ ~ [arjan an] n enemy ()f))flijj1T (old age), amrit, elixir.-sanama. ~ [arjari] See l?RJtI'1'fu. 2 age. "bmu sImtan jEse saraI' arjari."-gau a m 5. ~ [arji] A if.;~ adjtemporary, impermanent. ~ [arzu] P ,;./' n a desire, wish, hope.
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[aralJ.] n an anvil; ironsmith's block. See ~. "kaIa aralJ. man VICI lona."-maru m 1. 2 Skt depth, solemnity. 3 a pilt, pond. 4 Sa war, battle. ~ lJ3" [aralJ. sut] n son ofAran (pond); lotus. "aralJ.sut kar prabhu SIr layo."-NP. 'the master taking it as lotus put his hand on the head'. 2 the moon, which is son of the deep ocean. ~ [aralJ.I] in a furnace or forge for melting or heating up metals like iron. "j:cu aralJ.:I loha paI bhanI gharail:."-suhi a mI. 2 n an eddy, a whirlpool. ~ [arat], fTO"3T [arta] Skt amf adj coward, timid. 2 suffering, in pain. "arat dual' ratat pfguria."-gau m 5. "gopal tera arta."-dhana dMna. 'Your timid slave seeks shelter with you, master of the earth.' Some ignorant people interpret this as l'ifT03t (a ceremonial worship of gods by moving lighted lamps in front) holding that it is Dhanna Jat's 'l?f~)T'.1 ~ [aratI] Skt 3TTftf n pain, humility, poverty. 'l?f'a"31. [arti] SkI' ~ n what happens even without night, that is, to do worship by revolving lighted lamps for which reason it is called non-night worship. According to Hinduism, lamps are revolved four times at the feet ofthe image, twice at the level of the navel and seven times around th<~ entire body. The number of lamps may be anywhere between one to a hundred. Guru Nanak Dev rejected this nitual and said that God's arti is already being performed by nature. See Dhanasri Shabad : "gagan m thaI raVI cad dipak'1;Jane." See~. 2 Arti Sohila, a balJ.i recited at bed time. "sodar artigavi amnt vele japu ochara."-BG
'Though word arta is not in the sense of arti but Sikhs do employ it this way as well. Udasi Saints declaim: "arta kijE nanak $ah pat$ah ka. din duni ke $ahan$ah ka."...
l?f'a"31'1ffi:Jw [arti sohIla] n song ofjoy in which

true arti is described. Here, recitation begins with "j ghan kiratI akhic" "tItU ghan gavhu sohIla." and culuminates as "ksi arti hOI bhavkhaQna, teri arti anhata sabad vajat bheri." l?f"'6t!" [arad] P J./I n flour, ground corn. 2 from vr~. let one bring, brings, will bring. ~ [ardra] SktY'tfTt! adjwet, soaked. 2 soiled. l?fTQO [aran] adjred coloured. "jari sag jare rajr aran uchar."-NP 'Red coverlets interwoven with golden thread look beautiful'. 2 See ~. 3 Bhai Santokh Singh has used fIiJO in place of ~ (forest). "aran jIt dIS ghani nIhari."-GPS. 4 See l?fTO?M. ~ [aranjat] lotus grown out of a pond (~). Se'e fTQ~'3'. "anan aranjat suhaL" -NP ~ [arnya] Skt 31"f{UIf adj relating to forest; wild. ~ [arnyak] Skt ~ related with forest; vanprasth, the third stage of life for a Hindu. 2 those Brahman parts of Veds which were studied while Iliving there because saintscholars staying in forests taught them to their disciples. See ~ ~liT ~ etc. 2 ~ [araph] A ..J./!l; adj a possessor of spiritual knowledge (~)."araph kamIl vaH valayat." -GPs. l'){'IOlT [arab] n Arabia. 2 Arab, Arabian. "arab ke arbi aradhl': tere nam hl':."-akal. 3 the language of Arabia; Arabic "kahu arbi torki parsi ho."-aka1. 4 an Arab (or Arabian) horse "kache arbi pabb mana sapaccha."-paras. ~ [arbal], ~ [arbala] n rrq-~. strength and age. 2 age, duration of life, lifetime. "barakh bahattar bhai arbal."-GPs. l?f"a'8t [arbi] See :~.
2Four forests vnhad, tEtnriy, Etrey and b$itki are well known.
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[arbhati] SkI n that part of a drama consideration of truth versus falsehood. which shows courage and terror. 2 a theatre. (6) The welfare of the world is the basic 3 courage, intrepidity. objective of Arya Samaj including its ~ [armenia] See ~. physical, spiritual and social progress. ))JTffiiJ' [aray] SkI 3TTUf adj superior, superb, (7) Relations should be maintained with all virtuous. 2 worshippable, venerable. as far as possible in accordance with dharma. 3 belonging to a superior pedigree. 4 a (8) Removal of ignorance and spread of resident of Aryavart; Indian. knowledge should always be the aim. l)fI'6lif HH"tJ [aray samaj] Mul Shankar, son of (9) No one should be content with his own Amba Shankar, a Brahman ofTankara village, progress, but should consider it as a step in Moravi state, was born in 1824 AD. He the progress of all. became a disciple of Sanyasi Parmanand and (l0) All men should be inter-dependent, in adopted Dayanand Sarasvati as his name. He following rules for universal good, and should studied Sanskrit grammar under Pandit be independent in adopting every beneficial Virjanand of Mathura. Taking note of the rule. preaching of Christianity in India, he was l'>RJliIT [arya] SkI anu:rf n feminine of l)fI'6lif. a woman of high or noble birth. 2 mother. enthused to spread the Vedic religion. According to his own thinking and the culture 3 grandmother. 4 mother-in-law. 5 the of the time, he interpreted the Veds and goddess, Durga. 6 a stanza. See (Il"TIT. 7 adj noble, virtuous (woman). promulgated new rules. He named his sect Arya Samaj and Satyarath Prakash is his l1I"'"a'W ~ [arya varat] SkI 31W!f <nf n the country of the Aryas; the country with religious treatise. Himalayas in the north, Vindhyachal in the The saint Dayanand died on 30 th October south, Bay of Bengal in the east and the 1883 AD. Arabian sea in the west.! Now the whole of The rules ofArya Samaj are: (1) All truths are discovered through education India is called Aryavart. and material sciences and they all have their l1f"aT lara] n a serrated tool with which wood is sawed, a sawing machine. 2 noise, din. origin in God. 3 near side bank, "kachu ara par na sujh." (2) God is truth, mind and joy, without form, all-powerful, just, kind, birthless, -gau ravrdas. 4 SkI n a big needle for making a hole. 5 sufwith or having qualities of, as in endless,unchangeable, without origin, ~. "avganIare pathar bhare."-nat incomparable and the source ofall that exists. His worship is the only proper one. m4. (3) The Ved is the book of true knowledge; its l')fiw lara] P 1;1 to that, to him. study, teaching and listening comprise the ~ [arau] P 1,,1 adjwho decorates; this word is lIsed as a suffix. 2 Skl))fTQT}-f a garden, "jake prime religion of the Aryas. rukh bIrakh arau."-sri m 1. 'whose grass and (4) One should always be ready to learn the truth and to unlearn the untruth. trees provide relief.' See gtT. (5) All tasks should be performed according l~ ~ ~j>,'1f<;lfI~~I<), ~I to the dharma, that is, with knowledge and ~ ~ fTI4'hl'lfi.1n ~m: I-manu a 2, $ 22.
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[arasat], ~ [arasatahl, l?fTd'Tff3T [arasta] P ,,:;--1./1' adj spruced, adorned; its root is vrl?RJTlFi. "arasat la:?kar sabh kinas."--GPs. ~ [aratI], ~ [arati] SkI 31T.c1R'f n an enemy, adversary. "janu kalmal kaJiI bal arati."-NP l?f'"6TQ" [aradh] See l?fTa'Ilfc') and l?fl"ijTQ";r. l?fTWQO" [aradhan], l?fTQTl:T?iT [aradhna] SkI n making happy, worship, dc:votion. 2 meditation on God's name. "aradhna aradhanu nika han han namu aradhna." -maru am 5. l?j1ijIQo1G1 [aradhniy], l?[Td'TQJf [aradhy] SkI adj fit to be pleased and worshippe:d, adorable. l?f"dT ~ lara par] See l?f"dT and l../TO. n thiis side and across "kaehu ara par na sujh.'''-gau ravIdas. 2 this and the next world; here and hereafter. l?fTd1}f [aram] P (1.1 1 n comfort, happiness. 2 rest, relaxation 3. SkI garden" l?RJTH F.I"'U [aram :?ah] son of Qutubuddin Ebak who sat on the throne at Delhi for one year in 1210 AD. See Muslim Rule in India. l?fT6TGI'F.r [araya:?] P .JVr n qecoration, adornment. ~ [araIIk] See l?RJ'l'fua'. ~ [anf] See 1?fI"ffir. l?Rft [ari] n a hand-saw, a small saw. 2 s~iffix of, possessing (feminine of van, am, etc). ",wgUI:lIari kat vIsari."-dhana chJt m 1. 3 A J.1~ adjnaked. 4 good-for-nothing. 5 heIpless, unable. l?f'9U [aruh] See ~. 2 See l?Irsfl:f. ~ [arun] adj red. See~. "raeyo rag aWl) 10k navino."-krIsan. ~ [arul)c:ur] See ~. l?f'Sfl:f [aruddh] Skl3TT% adj stopped, hindered, obstructed. 2 busy, engaged. l?f19O [arun] See ~ and l?fTOO. ~ [aruncur] a cock, rooster. See l?firc:~.
l)fTij1'R'3'
"kr5e su aruneur pukarat."-GPs. fT[ [am] See l':ffJ~. ~ [aruqh], ~r;r [arur] Sk/~ adjascended, mounted, riding. "arurte asv rath nagah." -sahas m 4. 2 fiirm, resolute, determined. ~ [are] plural of l?fTi3T. 2 sui meaning 'one having or with.' See l?fTQT ~. "avganiare pathar bhare."--kan m 4. l?fTID.r [arem] P (-!vr we bring, we shall bring, we may bring. ~ [aroah] SkI ~ adj ascended, mounted. "jara jamhI aroah."-savEye m 4 ke. 'You are mounting old age and messengers ofdeath' means that you are above weaknesses and not subject to them. See~. ri~ [arohal)] SkI n a ladder, steps. "mokharohal) pragat gIra aghkhaql)i."-GPS. ~ (ladder) of Hl::f (salvation). 'steps to salvation.' 2 mounting, riding. l?fTffift [arohi] Skt~~adjwho rides. 2 going upward. 3 progressing. 4 n ascending notes in music as :?a, JI:e, ga, rna, pa, dha, ni. ~ [arogl, wd'l1T3' [arogat], ~ [arogi] See ~or, ~CfT3' and ~oft. "jIh prasad I arog ka eandehi." --sukhmani. "arogat bhae sarira."-suhi chJt m 4. ~ [aropa!).], ~ [arop!).a] SkI 3TTUGuT n setting, fixing. "tahI aropan kinas mali." -GPs. 2 imagining qualities of one thing in another. 3 a fallacy, false knowledge. ~ [arora] See ~. ~ [aran] See l?RJ?iJf. ~ [aranak] See ~. ~~ [arabh] SkI n the origin, beginning. "arabh kaj rac:aJ:a."-suhi chJt m 4. 2 genesis, creation. l?fIig- ~ [arabh vad] the theory ofVaisheshik and other philosophies that the formation of the world, took place with the fusion of atoms.
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))fTQtiJ"
j;'}jal bIkar te rahIte."-sukhmani. [a11).a] See 'fT1i?<'iT. ~ [a1] Pkt n moisture, humidity. 2 Skt adj ~ [a1at] A .,:)1 n a pole, mace. 2 genitals. excessive, more. 3 all, entire. "a1 j;'}jal bIkar 3 a tool, an instrument, implement. te rahIte."-sukhmani. See E all. 4 Skt 3llC'f1:f a '))fI'l?c') [alan] n grain flour used for mixing with house, living place. 5 A JI adynasty, a leafy vegetables to make them thicker and tastier. ~. descendant. 6 daughter's children. 7 P a type of wine. 8 Ta king. 9 adjred, scarlet. 10 See 'fT1i?<'iT [a1na] n a nest. P ,..;.jJl. "susak alne te nm. trI1). gere."-GPs. lWHJf [alas] n laziness, sloth, indolence. "alasu. ~ [alpatal] n the celestial and the nether ehij gaIa sabhu tan te."-dhana m 5. 2 Skt adj world. 2 praise and nit-picking. "gavhI raje lazy, indolent, slothful. ral).ia bolhI al patal."-var asa. 3 topsy turvy. ~ [a1sahar] n a remover of laziness; "al patal muh-hu bolde JIU pite mad amrit, nectar.-sanama. matvale."-gau var 1 m 4. 4 high and low, l'>fI'lm1 [alsi], ~ [a1sia] See ))fl"(?R" 2. good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious. "janamu gavaIo a1sia."-sri trIlocan. "likhlIhu a1 pata1, mohI jam Q;'}Q na lagai." ))fTHJJ [a1asu] See l1fTffi1. -gau ravIdas. ~ [a1pa1al] See l?rn and ~. 2 See ~ [a1sun] a village near Nadaun. Guru Gobind Singh punished its riotous people and ~. also stayed here for some time while on his ~ [a1bal] Skt ~ n a round plot; a mason's mud of lime pit. 2 a circular low way back to Anandpur. See Vachitar Natak eh 9, e;'}d 24. Due to the negligence of the ground around a tree where water collects. l')jIMsIFti'S3 [a1ba1It] See l')jMsifti'S3. Sikhs, no gurdwara has been set up here. >mmiJ [a1sya] Skt n laziness, lack of zeal and >wM1f [a1am]A (~adjscholarly, highly learned, erudite, pandit. "janat bed bhed ar alam." endeavour. -c:Jpai. 2 n the world, universe. "alam kusaI l)f"Iffiir [a1ak] n laziness, sloth. "kw SImrat kij xubi."-ramav. 3 time, period. 4 living beings. a1ka ?"-var guj 2 m 5. "e;,}dihajar alam ekal khana."-tIl;)g namdev. ~ 1St [alka pati] See nmar tBt. 5 a poet in Guru Gobind Singh's court. Here ~ [a1aku] sloth See ~. "e;'}gIai a1aku is a poem of his: kare."-var guj 2 m 5. sobha hu ke sagar naval neh nagar hE, })f'ffi1 [a1aj] See fTffi3. ~ ii'H' [a1 ja1] See ~ and tl"'"l? n bonds of bal bhim sam si1 kaha b ganaie, bhumI ke vibhukhan ju dukhan ke dukhan, family life and progeny. "al ja1 bhram moh samuh sukh hii ke sukh dekhe te aghaie, tajav."-guj m 5.2 S adjmuch, plenty. 3 adv hfmat nIdhan an dan ko bakhan jan? mostly. a1am tamam jam atho gun gaie, ~ [a1ajI], ~ [a1aju] adj shameless, praba1 pratapi pat~ah guru gobfd ji! brazenfaced, immodest. "ue nie tum te tare bhoj ki si m:Jj tere raj raj paie. a1aju s;'}sar."-bIla ravrdas. 6 a well-known poet of Persian and Hindi who ~ ~ [a1 j;'}ja1] See l?rn. and ~. n bonds translated Madhvanal Sangit in Braj language of family life; snare of love for children. "al
))fTQtiJ"
))fTtif [aryl, ~ [arysamaj] See

FIWfI".
and
})fTffi!T
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in 991 Hijri. JR.agmala is a part of this very the world. book. 7 a devotee of Guru Gobind Singh. "jab l1f1IDf YQ" [alampur] a village in Dasuha tehsil of Hoshiarpur diistrict, about two miles north dal par nadi ke ayo, an alme hamEjagayo." of Tanda Urmur railway station. It has a -VN. 8 A Brahman poet converted to Isllam who attended the court ofBahadur Shah" King gurdwara of Guru Hargobind who once came here from Kartarpur for hunting and stayed of Delhi. for several days . l1f1IDf fi:fur [alam sIgh] a Rajput resid~mt of The gurdwara has only a platform under Sialkot, who received initiation into the the care of a :I\Tirmala Sikh. The shrine Khalsa at the hands of Guru Gobind Singh. possesses 75 ghumabns of land. A The Guru used to call him naccna (dancing) congregational fair is held here annually on Alam Singh as he was very active, smart and the 16 th of the lunar month of Harh. ebullient. ~ [alamku1?a], ~ [alamku1?aI] })fTffiif [alayl, ~:m [alyah] Skt 3lfc'[lf n house, home. 2 place '''sarab arath alyah."-sahas m p ~(~ adj who conquers the worllel, "alam 5. Here 'ij" stands for the visarg (:). kusaI khubi."-ramav. ~ [alamgir] P ;:P~ adj who holds or l'JI'I'W [ala] n door or window, leaf. 2 (figurative) , conquers the world. 2 a title of emperor the tenth door, a mystical orifice of the brain Aurangzeb. "alam gir ahE til ek."-GPS. 3 n a "upan hat, hat par ala, ale bhitan thati." village seven kos south of Ludhiana. Guru -ram be1).i. "(in the valley of the supreme Gobind Singh came here from Machivara person) there is the shop (man) on the shop is carried on a bedstead; from her,e he rode on a window (head) and over the head is the horse-back. Since the Sikh rule the gurelwara material (of God's name)." 3 the house of material existenee (Maya) "ala te nIVarl).a." owns 70 bighas of land. It is about two miles south of Gill railway station. The priest is a -dhana namdev.. 4 A ltJ adj superior, very good "badgi ala:h ala hujra."-maru solhe m 5. baptised Singh. ~ [alamgi:lj] a village in Patna district 5 high, aloft. If) ....1'1 an instrument, tool, a mechanical device. of Bihar. "mohal). alamgi:lj raMda."-BG ~ tit! [alam ci:ld] a preacher-cum-agent ~ [alau"l, })f'l(1)Ifi: [alaI] n an utterance, (masi:ld) of Guru Arjun Dev,at Lahore:. 2 a speech, "manmukh jhutha alau."-sava m 1. Hada Rajput Sikh of Guru Arjun Dev. 3 a "uthdIa bhi guru alau."-suhi a m 4. "harI commander of the hill army who alongwith ras na chakhE phjka alai."-gau m 3. Balia Chand used to operate against the Sikhs ~ [alaIa] adjsaid, uttered, stated, sang. at the head of a roving army. They suffered a >wW fi:fur [ala s:Igh] son of Ram Singh and heavy defeat at the hands of Udai Singh and Mai Sabi ofPhul clan born at Phul in Sammat Alam Singh. Alam Singh severed the hand of 1748. 1 For initiation into the Khalsa, he took Alam Chand. Balia Chand was also wounded amrit at village Thikrivala at the hands of Baba Dip .Singh Jathedar. He founded a mud and he fled the battlefield. fort at Patiala in Sammat 1810 and started l1f1IDf ~ [alam dunia] universes and worlds lIn Twarikh by Khalipha Muhammad Hasan is given' "khak nur kania alam duniaI."-trHig m 4. Sammat 1752 (1695) as his year of birth. l1f1IDf 1.I"i')1(J" [alam panah] P ~~ (~ adj refuge of
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264 replacing it with a permanent fort on 4 Phagun Sammat 1820. He died on 27 Savan Sammat 1822 (22 August 1765 AD) at Patiala where his beautiful mausoleum exists, and cooked food is served to all visitors, See~. ))fIW fl:fur ~ ~ [ala sfgh da burajJ See~. ~ [alah!}i] See ~. ~ [alat] See l'>5'3'. 2 plural of~. See l)fTW 6. ))f'I'l?1O [alan] Skt n rope or chain for tying an elephant. 2 See Ewo. ~ [alap] Skt n speech, conversation, dialogue, parley. 2 in music, the process of producing a proper note; a prelude to singing, "gU!} gobfd gavhu sabhI han jan, rag ratan rasna alap."-brla m 5. ~ [alapan], ~ [alapna] v to say, speak. 2 to establish the form of music by arranging the sounds in the prelude. 3 elaborating of a note. ~ [alapI] having sung the prelude. ~ trr [alav dI] See ~t!lo. ~ [alavat] adjhaving a house, who owns a house. "alavati Ihu bhram johE."-mala namdev. 'The owners of the house are under the misconception that low caste persons cannot pray to God there.' ~ [alavati] to the master of the house.
See~.
>wfi? [alI] n of the house. "man laga alI jajal."

-sri m 4 pahrre. 2 Sktwffi a (female) friend. 3 a row, line, class. ~ [alIsy] See >m?ffiT. 2 Skt 3ITffIB:r the act of making the dancers dance well; making the world dance. "alIsy karam."-japu. ~ [alfgan] Skt ~ n an embrace, a clasp. ))f1'fim [alI m] See l?fTIDf. wffi [ali] Skt n a female friend. 2 a line, row. 3A J~ adjgreat, high. 4 superb, grand. 5 Bhai
Santokh Singh has used l?flffi(female) in place ofthe Sindhi word ~ (wet). "ur sulgat lakri jImI ali."-GPS. See~. >wID fi:fur [ali sfgh] a resident of village Salaudi. Along with his brother Bhai Mali Singh he was in the service of Vazir Khan, subedar of Sirhind. When Banda Bahadur, at the head of Khalsa force, reached Punjab, the subedar jeered at them. They felt insulted, quit his service and joined the Khalsa force. After the conquest of Sirhind, Ali Singh was made its deputy Subedar. He was later, martyred along with Banda Bahadur in Delhi. ~ [aliq.h] Skt adj licked, lapped. 2 n lying down during the hunt so that the quarry comes close to the hunter unafraid. ~ [ali!}], ~ [aliDa], fTffio [alin] See~. 2 Sktl'ffio adj absorbed, become one in thought. "janak raj vartaIa, satjug aliDa."-savEye ill 4 '. ke. 'Satyug came to prevail in Kaliyug'. ~ [alu], ~ [alu] Skt n a potato, an underground crop, commonly used as a vegetable. Its seed was first ofall brought from America by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1584. Its scientific name is Solanumt uberosum. 2 a flask, sieve. 3 P }i Skt l'>fl1JOf a kind of fruit which ripens in summer and is sour-sweet in taste, "naspatI pIsta ral alu."-GPS. See ~ and l'>fl1J '"l:flW. ~ [aluca] P ~"i Skt ~ and ~. n potato a fresh plum (when fully ripe it is called alu bukhara), E Plum, L Prunus domestica. ~;m mm:r [aludah maGaz] P T ~-,,,r adj having a depraved mind. See ~. ~ [aludan] P d-,,Ji to smear, besmear. ~~ [aluda], ~fun.rr [aludIa] P ~)}i adj smeared, bedaubed. 2 dirty, filthy, unclean. vr l'>fl1J~. "nanak VI!}U naVE aludIa."-var maru 2 m 5. ~ ~}:fI'ijT [alu buxara] P vir. }i n a plum,
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mao
alucha from Bukhara, potato of Damascus. arousing terror; suppuration etc. for creating Greek physicians used it in various medicines a sense ofdisgust and loathsomeness; strange and its effect is cold-moist; it softens things for creating wonder; transient, imperintestines and cures bilius humour, clears manent things for a feeling of tranquility; and blood and cures vomiting, stops thirst and children for arousing affection. despite being sour it does not increase cough. ~ [alhl)a] See ~. [ale] See l'Wffi 3. ~ lay], ~ lay] i)fll;i!" n age. "av ghatE tan ehijE." ~ [alekh] Skt n writing. 2 See l'lffi1:f. -vac;l m 3 alah1)ia. "av ghatE dIn jaI."-sri m ~ [ala] S wet, moist. "pat palo bhi alo hm." 1 pahrre. 2 come (imperative). See~. "av ~GPs. 2 green. av su bhav s6 kahI."-paras. "je tISU nadan ~ [ala harakh] a village iin nazamat na avai."-japu. Sunam, police station Bhavanigarh, Patiala ~ [avail comes, may come. See ~ and state. Here, half a mile south ofthe village is ~. a gurdwara of Guru Teg Bahadur who came ~ lavas], ~ [avasI] See ~. 2 See . here from Gunike. ~. 3 (s)he will come. A beautiful gurdwara was built here in ~ [avaf?yak] Skt adj necessary. Sammat 1966. Five copies of Guru Granth i)j''ilBOIIClld l [ava~y< kta] Skt n necessity, Sahib are kept open side by side. The room requirement. where the Guru stayed is separate (from the ~ [avhul, ~ [avho] come (imperative). main building.) The priest is an energetic "avhu bhEl~e galI mIlhI."-sri m 1. "avho Sikh. The gurdwara has 125 bighas of land satjanhu !."-suhi chat m 4. donated by the Patiala state. It is close to ~ [avagr] (she) will come. "avagI agIa Bhavanigarh road, nine miles west ofNabha parbraham ki." -asa m 5. railway station. ~ [avgir] See ~. ~ [alok] Skt n light, miracle. 2 a sight, ~ [avagyak] adj 3TTCIWfl adj who insults; glimpse, view. contemptuous. 2: discourteous, rude. ~ [alocan] Skt n a sight, view. 2 an ~ [avaj] See~. 2 Pkt n a kind of musical investigation, consideration. instrument. "sores ke avaj sur ke nad sune ~ [alocna] Skt n an investigation., deterdarvaje."-carrtr 108. mination ofgood and bad points. 2 a revision. ~ [avatal)], l?fl~~ [avatal)u], ~ [avatan] 3 a review. v to heat, boil thoroughly. 2 n water added to l1f'h [alab] See ~'8". milk for boiling. "avatal)u ape khaVE dudh kau ~ [alaban] See ~ao. khapal) na deI."-sri m 1. 3 Skt 3TTC!ftf;:r, a ~ [alaban vIbhav] a supporting whirlpool, an eddy; eddying water. 4 Skt ~ cause of emotion; a factor helping the rise of n circle, circuit, round. 5 churning. 6 melting a particular feeling, for example, a hero and of metals; smelting. 7 beating, thrashing, "jahI heroine in the sentiment of love; an enemy in avate bahut ghan sath."-asa m 5. arousing terror; a strange shape or speech for ~ [avate] See ~ 7. ridicule or mirth; a heart-rending speech or ~ [aval)] n coming, arrival. 2 taking birth. situation arousing pity; fearfulm~ss for ~ tI"'<!" laval) jal)], ~ tl"I'<!'" laval) jal)a] n
nrn
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birth and death, transmigration of soul. See ~. "aval) jal) rahe sukh paIa."-suhi ch5t m 3. "tan man thapI kia sabh apna eho aval) jal)a."-ram m 5.2 adjmomentary, liable to break up in a moment, impermanent. 3 v to come and go, pass through. ~ tl'"'it laval) jal)i] See ~ ~. 2 impermanent, perishable. "InI manI c;lithi sabh aval) jal)i."-majh am 3. 3 n created world, creation. "nam tera sabhkoi let hE jeti aval) jal)i."-asa am 3. ~ ~ laval) jal)u] knowledge of coming, knowledge of the purpose of human birth.
2See~~.
birth and death. "avat jat rahe sram nase." -kan m 5. ~ [avadh] Skt 'fT(if1:f n a weapon. "kotI avadh tIsu bedhat nahi."-suhi m 5. "praharel) lakhy avadhah."-sahas m 5. 2 Avadh, Ayodhya, Audh. "avadh raj trIya jahI sobhat."-ramav. 3 See~. ~ [avadhraj] King ofAyodhya, Dashrath.
See~2.
~ [avaddh] Skt~ adjnot fitto be killed.
laval) javal)] See ~ ~. "aval) javal) tau rahE, paiE guru pura."-asa am 1. ~ ~ laval) var] adj who arrive. 2 n time of birth. "bahurI na aval) var."-prabha m 1. ~ [avl)a] See ~. [aVal)I jal)I] adv in coming and going; in birth and death "aval)I jal)I VI guci." -o5kar. ~ [avanu] See ~. ~ ~ [aval)u jal)u] See ~~. "aval)u jal)u na cukai.":"'sri m 1. 2 n knowledge of the purpose of birth and death or of why we are born and what we are required to achieve. "aval)u jal)u bIbhutI laI jogi! ta tin bhavan jIl)I laIa."-ram am 3. ~ [avanu vaj1al)u] n birth and death; transmigration. "aval)u vaJ1al)u c;lakhro."-sri a m 1. 2 v to be born and to die. 3 coming and going. l'Wd ~ [avl)e javl)e] adj(those) who come and go; (those) who take birth and die. "avl)e javl)e khare c;laravl)e?"-suhi ch5t m 1. 2 adv while coming and going. ~ [avat] coming. See ~. f'I3 i1'3" [avat jat] adj coming and going, taking birth and dying. 2 n transmigration;
~ ~
nrm m
2 difficult to kill. 3 Skt ~ pierceJ, strung, threaded. "avaddh savat kheta."-gyan. 'warrior lying pierced in the battlefield'. ~ [av;m] n arrival. 2 birth. "avan ae SrISatI mahI."-bavan. ~ [awmjanu], })j1~(,)HI~(j [avanjavanu] See ~ ~. "avanjanu Ik khel racaIa." -sukhmani. "avanjavanu maIa dhadh."-ram m5. ~ ravallI] (they) come. 2 (they) will come. ~ ~ [avanI athatrE] sen an utterance from Guru Nanak Dev's proleptic hymn in Tilang measure addressed to Bhai Lalo: "avanI athatrE janI satanvE horu bhi uthsi marad ka cela." 'They came in the year seventy eight and shall depart in ninety seven by which time another disciple ofa brave man shall also arise.' It means that in Saidpur (Eminabad) Mughals would enter in Sammat 1578 to destroy the vainglorious Afghans but they shall depart in Sammat 1597 when another brave man will arise from the Afghans themselves and will drive them away. Babar invaded India five times. It was during his third invasion in Sammat 1578 that he killed the conceited Afghans of Saidpur (Eminabad), and it was in Sammat 1597 that Babur's son Humayun was defeated by Sher Shah Suri at Kanauj and he fled from India. The word' also' with other brave man suggests
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that the conquered Afghans would also rise again. Thus Sher Shah rose and won the throne of Delhi. Some scholars extend this prolepsis from the sixteenth to the twentieth century Bikrami and imagine Guru Gobind Singh, Banda Bahadur etc. as the 'Marad ka Chela', but this is their mistake because the Guru uses only yearly and not the centurial figure. He is talking of the then current sixteenth century only. These years are therefore 1578 and 1597 respectively. ~ ~ [avam vaJ1am] See ~ RTfu". ~ [avanu] See ~. ~ [avar] P on! derived from vr l')f~dt:c'i'. suffixed to words, it turns them into adjectives; for example added to 'f'e?:s' (heart) it becomes ft:w-~. ~ [avarak] adj which covers. ~ [avara1)] Skt n a cover, screen. 2 a shield, skin. 3 ignorance. ~ [avarat] Skt 31TCffi n an eddy, a whirlpool "tinI avarat ki cuki gher."-ram m 5. 2 worry, care. 3 transmigration of soul. l)ji~ijde EW [avaratethah] See l)j",,~-;::rd3=>"@trcEl':Ttl. ~ [avarad] n mixing of high ancllow notes in music producing a ripple effect. 2 P m! (he) may bring, brings or will bring. ~ [avarda] Dg n age. "sakat ki avarda jaI bnthari."-dhana m 5. 2 P ~JJjr adj brought. 3 presented. See ~. ~ laval] See )~. 2 a Jat subcaste, See ~C? 4. 3 Skt ~ adj unclean, filthy. 4 perplexed. "hau phIrau dnlani aval baval."-dev m 4. ~ ~ laval kheriJ a village; according to Bhai Santokh Singh Guru Gobind Singh coming from KUlrukshetra had camped here. "caqhe Ikaki satIguru aval kheri gram . pahuce tIS thaI jaIkar utre hIt bIsram."
-GPs.
[aval baval] surprised and bewildered; mad, See~. ~ [avla] fTH~)cif. See ~w "ja1)u qalI camutte avle."-caQi 3. ~ [avalI] Skt n a row, line, class. ~ [avarna] See ~ to occur, strike; to come to mind. ~ laval n. a brick kiln, potter's kiln. ~ [avaIl] actions of the early period or of the beginning" See ~. "man samajhu Ch::>qI avaIle."-g5Q ill 5. ~ lavas] See ~. ~ [avahan] Skt n (an act of) calling, or summoning. 2 invoking a god by reciting a mantar. "avahan sagre sur kare."-GPs. ~ [avagau1)], ~ [avagaun], ~ [avagaman], ~ [avagava1)u], ~ [avagavan], ~Ci: [avag::>1)], ~ [avag::>n] Skt ~ n the act of coming and going; arrival and departure. 2 birth and death. 3 passing through 84 lac lives of different kinds so as to undo the effect of actions of earlier births. The soul is liberated from this cycle by the acquisition of spiritual knowledge and then becomes free from transmingration forever. kai janam bhae kit pataga, kai janam gaj Inin kuraga. kai janam pakhi sarap hOIO, kai janam hEvar bnkh jOIO. mIlu jagdis mIlan ki baria, cIrakal Ih deh sajria. kai janam sd gUI karIa, kai janam garabh lun khana. kai janam sakh kan upaIa, lakh caurasih jonI bhramaIa ...-asa ill 5. udam kar-hI anek hannamu na gavhi, bharamhI jonI asakh man janamhI avhi. pasu pakhi sEl tarvar ga1)at kachu na avae,
~ lP'~
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biju bOVSI bhog bhog-hI kia apI).a pavae... -jEt m 5. nIjghan mahalu pavhu sukh sahje bahun na hOIgo phera. -gaum 5. phahe kate mIte gavan phatIh bhai manI jit, nanak gur te thItI pai phnan mIte nItnit. -bavan. janam maran ke mIte adese, sadhu ke puran updese... thItI pai cuke bhram gavan, sunI nanak han han jasu sravan. -sukhmani. saranI gahi parbraham ki mItIa avagavan, apI tana kutab SIU guI). gubfd prabh ravanu. -gau thrtr m 5. Indians have believed in metempsychosis or transmingration of souls since ancient times. According to the Greek historian Herodotus (11,53,81, 123) ancient Egyptians also believed in transmigration. Greek metaphysicians too have been preaching this view. Modern theosophists think that ancient Jews, Christians, Muslims and others also be,lieved in it in some form or the other. Now only those people accept transmigration whose religious leaders were once related to ancient Indians or those who still have respect for archaic beliefs. Buddhists, Jains, Hindus, Sikhs and neotheosophists all accept this philosophy. Scholars ofthe modern times have divided this view-point into three branches: (a) When a child is born, God does not invent a new soul for it; an already existing soul in the bodiless form assumes this new body for the first time and will never adopt a body in future. This theory is called the doctrine of pre-existence. (b) The soul has already been roaming in millions of men, animals, trees, etc. and after
quitting the present body too, it will roam as born in different bodies. This is what is known as metempsychosis or transmigration of soul. (c) Human soul before coming in the present bodily form has been living as man or woman, but not as animal, bird or tree etc. and after the present life it will be born again and again in human form until its redemption from the cycle of birth and death. This is the theory of re-incarnation. ~ [avaj] P jl,1' n a sound, a word. 2 a call, cry. 3 See ~ ~. ~ ~ [avaj lEI).i] Taking order from Guru Granth Sahib, in the following form. When Guru Granth Sahib is opened, two of its pages are in front of us. If, on ti1e left hand side page a hymn starts at the top, this should be read. if it contains a hymn continuing from the previous page, then the left hand page should be turned backwards and the hymn continuing from the previous page should be read as complete hymn ending on the left hand page first opened.The same procedure is adopted at the time ofthe naming ceremony for a new born baby. ~ [avajai] n coming and going; usual traffic. "avajai saCIvan keri."-GPS. 'coming and going of ministers'. 2 a cycle of birth and death. ~ [avIgyak] adj disobedient, insulting, "surag dey aVIgyak hOI."-GPs. See~. ~ [avfdh] Skt 3TTfc.t;ur adjup to Vindhyach I. See 'Mr. ~ [avnat] Skt fT-~ adj indifferent towards worldly affairs. 2 Skt })ff~ continuously, uninterruptedly. 3 See~. ~ [avnbhav] Skt~n manifestation, appearance. 2 birth, origin, creation. ~ [avi] n a small kiln for baking pots of
n
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clay. "gh<)p bhaQe jlnI avi saji."-asa pati m 1. 2 ~. See ~. "m<)nmukha no partitI nC} avC}i."-sar a m 3. 3 Skt a pregnant woman. 4 travail; pangs of child birth. ~ [avurdC}n] P (;}J.JJI adjbringing. ~ [avurda] See~2. Its pronunciation as ~ is also correct. riB" [ave$] Skt n an entrance, entry. 2 enthusiasm, fervour, vehemence. :~ a fit, epilepsy. 4 according to superstitious people, entry of a spirit in the human body. ~ [ave$t<)n] Skt n encircling, enveloping, wrapping. 2 a cover; screen. 3 a quilt cover. 4 a compound wall. . ~ [avext<)n] P ~;r v to hang, suspend. 2 v to be suspended. ~(JJ" [aveg] Skt n excitement, zeal. 2 paroxysm, a strong fit of excitement. 3 in poetry, an auxiliary sentiment of distraction for acquiring something contrary to the real desire arising from the heart. ~ [avepnJ, ~~ [averu] Skt t~ n wrapping, enveloping, convering. 2 a wrap, shawl, scarf. "pal averu mala sar<)b bhUIaga."-bIla m 5. l'Wi3' [avat] coming, See ~. "av~}tjavat th<)kat."-s.;lh.;lS m 5. ~ [avan],;,.rr.ffo [avanI] See~. "nanC}k se dlh avanI."-SahIla. ~ [avnt] Skt 3TT n enclosed, covered. 2 enveloped, surrounded. 3 hidden. ~ [avnttI] Skt 3ll'1.ft1 n repetition, a repeated practice. 2 learning again and again. 3 repeated reading of a book. ~ ~ [avnttI dipak] See~' (d). })f"I;f tar] n a cover, safe position. 2: refuge, asylum. 3 crookedness, obliquity. 4 See"fTft:r. ~t!" [arbad] n a loin cloth, wrapped to cover private parts. ))fY;JT iltit lara goti] n a diagonal move of a
counter. 2 deceitful game "ara goti nIt k<)r hfdu musalman."-m.;lga. 3 S l')fO;ft. clt:r obstruction, impediment. lWftr [ap] Skt 3TTR5 n at species of fish; cod. "til kEse arI phathi jaII?"-mala am 1. 2 a kind of heron. S~. l'>fl3t [ap] See})flfu-. 2 n a friend, pal. 3 friendship. ~ [aru] Skt >w::.~ n peach tree and its fruit, L Prunus persica.. It ripens in summer, and is moist hot in effect. ~ [arhC}t] n an obstacll'): 2 a commission agent's trade, taking aQh<)k (4 seers) grain as commission.' 3 material received as wage. ~ [arhtlya], ~ [arhti] n a commission agent, See ~ 2. ~2 [E] used in Punjabi for ~ of. "h<)nprem bhini coliE."-dev m 4. 2 P a vocative he! re!. l?m [ES] pran this. "ES j<)ga aVE."-JSBB. 2 adv such, in this form "ES ghat phrr hath n<) EhE." -VN. 3 A ~ n life. 4 fun and frolic; enjoyment. 5 sexual bliss, pleasure. "ES hi ES su bES bltayo."-akal. ,;rnr [Esa] adv like this, thus, of this kind. "Esa s<)tIgur je mIIE."-sri .;lm 1. ,;n:rr [Esi] adv such. "Esi krrpa k<)rhu pr<)bhu nan<)k."-ba V.;ln. ~1JtJ1W [Esupraja] sen ~w-~. created such (a thing). "m.;lt Esupraja."-arhj"t. 'introduced such a religion'. ~ [EsurC}j] See ~. ~ [Ese] like this. "Ese sat na mok<)u bhavhI." - asa kabir. 2 thus, in this way. "ram j<)p-hu ji<) Ese Ese."-gClu kClbir. ~R [ESO] See nlw. "ESO gIan brrloi pae." -bIla m 5. ~1!otr [Esv<)raj] ~~~tfJl" n godhood, godship, sovereignty. 2 wealth, dignity, glory, majesty. "das<)n ko b<)khs Esv<)rja."-GPs.
lIn olden days commission was paid in kind. 2Punjabi equivalent of Skt 'it.
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[EhCldl See ~. pavhI thau."-sri m 5. ~ [EhEl future tense of~. "ES SClmo phu hath ta- {ffi- [EthE othe] adv here and there; in this nCl EhE."-VN 2 part a term expressing grief. world and in the hereafter "EthE othE sada "hE! hE." sukh hOI."-mala m 3. ~ [Eky] n unity. to [En] a house. See ))flifO. "daya en sun bEn ~ [Ekhl Skt fu"J5 n an arrow. "lage tISE Ekh." e." -NP 2A ~ n an eye. 3 eyesight. 4 paradise. -kalki. 5 the sun. 6 a ray. 7 wealth. 8 adj like that, bn:ft [Ekha] short form of'~ l?fTl::IT." 2 short resembling him. form for fu(J N. ~ [Enak] P ...w n eyeglasses, spectacles. ~ [EcCln], ~ [ecna] Skt ~ . to pull, ~6MGlC!ll() [Enulyakin] a correct belief; knowledge to drag. 2 to shrivel; to contract; to cramp. free from doubt. Scholars have accepted three forms of belief. (a) Ilmulyakin: sure, certain, ~ [EjCln] A ~J part ditto, the same. J?h:it [Eji] part a polite vocative, 'I say, sir'. "Eji! believable knowledge, like. "Amritsar is a city in the Panjab." (b) Enulyakin: knowledge na ham utam nic nCl mCldhClm."-guj am 1. ~ [Eth], ro [eth] n pride, arrogance. 2 pride, as seen through eyes, visible truth as seeing Amritsar is believing it to be there. obduracy. "Ese gClr mahI eth hathilo."-brla m 5. 3 a wrinkle, coil, twist, tangle. (c) hakkulyClkin: knowledge of the founder, foundation of Amritsar, its development in [ethna] vto strut; to walk pompously; to history, its area, form, population, etc. factors behave insolently. 2 to twist. >Me [EthI] adv pompously and insolently. of factual belief. m'ol [ethi] adjproud, arrogant. 2 foppish. "ethi ~ [Eb] A ~ n a bad habit. 2 a defect, fault. "eb tanI cIkro."-sri m 1. s6 b~dh gClYO saneha."-c<'JrItr 351. ~ [eq1).a], t's'oT [qna] v to behave ,;mt [ebi] adj (one) who has bad habits. arrogantly, conceitedly or foppishly. "Ihu ~ [Eyar] See ~. jClgU hE S~PCltI supne ki dekhI kdha Eqano." ~ -am [Er gEr] adj unknown, foreign, unacquainted. -b<'Jsat m 9. ~ [Eda] adj so large.. ~ [nak], ~ [Eraki] See l'>f6'T& and fuota". tiP [Qa], tif [Q;)] adj proud, conceited, nh:ro reran] See ~. arrogant. "taka car gathi eq:J teqhJ jat."-sar nt '6"'lI"3" [ Era pat], nt O"l-f'fo [ r apat I ], t~ [Eravat] Skt ~ n an elephant which came kabir. t3" [Et], t? [Etu] n ~ the sun. 2 Sunday. out of ~ (sea). There is a story in the 3 ten thousand. See ~3". "Et turag camu Purans that gods and demons churned the hanqari."-krrs<'Jn. "tis EtU pEdal kahf ocean and brought out fourteen jewels maryo."-carrtr 52. 4 Skt fTliIf::r progeny, including a white elephant having four tusks offspring. 5 birth. "pntham Et bhav paI bahur which was given to Indar as his carriage. parmesvarpayo."-carrtr81. 'firsttook birth ~ [Eravati] Skt ~ n the river Ravi, Parushni . See ~. "eravati ul~ghClt cala." in this world, and then found God' . ~ [Ethau], tit [Ethe], ta- [EthEl advhere,at -GPs. 2 a river in Burma. 3 lightning. this place, in the world "Ik hoda khaI calhI ~ [El] SktEc? adjrelated to I1a; I1a's progeny. Ethau."-var asa. "ethE mIlhI vaqaia dargahI 2 n Pururava, son ofIla. 3 a tree which grows
roor
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from the earth (fuw). 4 grass. 5 the planet Mars. See fuw. 6 A Jt roaming, wandering. 7 talking loudly to a deaf person. 8 noise. "cale jat pavat bac;! El."-GPs. 9 S imprisonment, imprisoning. 10 the idea of subjugating. ~ b [El gel] n noise on the road; all round noise. "c;!aph ar basri bajai El gel bhayo. "--GPS.
See~ and~.
the serpent. 3 the earth.

~ [Jsat] A lv,1 n average; the idea ofequality
or generality.
~ [Jsadi], ~ [Jsadhi] See~.
[El bhEl] n a frightening noIse. "paryo El bhEla."-GPs. See ~ and ~. ~ [darac;!] Allard and Ventura were officers in Napoleon Bonaparte's army. I After Napolean's defeat at Waterloo, his army got disbanded. These two came to India via Iran in search ofjobs.Ventura was an Italianwhile Allard was French. They arrived at Lahore in March 1822, and requested Ranjit Singh to give them jobs. The Maharaja employed them to train his army on European lines at a salary ofRs. 2,500 per month but on a written promise laying down the following conditions: (1) In the event of war between the Sikhs and the Europeans, they shall remain loyal to the Sikh government. (2) They shall not correspond with any European government. (3) They shall not trim their beards. (4) They shall not eat beef. (5) They shall not smoke tobacco. Both these generals remained completely loyal to the Maharaja. Ventura performed excellent service under Prince Kharak Singh during the conquest of Peshawar. ~ [Eve], ~ [Eve] adv uselessly, fruitlessly, in vain. 2 thus, in this manner. ~ [J] part short form for hr. "J matI sigh sajyo tan bc."-krrsCln. 2 SkI 3ft n Sheshnag,
INapo1eon was the emperor of France during 1804 I 5. He was born in 1769 and died in 182 I.
~~
[Jsar] See ~RO. 2 adjf-~. (a cow or buffalo) not yet calved. ~ [JsaI:d, ~: [Jsan] See ~. ~ [Jsaf] See ~. ,)tift [5si] SkI 3T'iR B'Rrr. line (Fft3r) drawn on the earth (~('i). This is an old belief especially among Hindu women who unequivocally profess it. Lines are drawn on the ground without counting, and if they are found exactly divisible by two, it is believed that a relative gone abroad will return soon; if not so, the belief goes that it will yet take some time for him to return. "more patI pardes sIdhare... tate mE 5si ko c;!ar6."~CdrItr 70. "kama!) tu!)e :'Jsia."-BG ~u [Jh] pron that, he, she. 2 part a word expressing grief and surprise. 3 This word is used to point to something at a distance, that. ,)juo [Jhath] wrong insistence, obduracy, obstinacy. See ~ and ~. ~ [Jkar] n difficulty, hardship. 2 misfortune, trouble. ~ [Jkat] A ..::,,{j,I plural of~ times. >lh:r [Jkh] See ~r. >ncre [Jkhad], 1?h:fq [Jkhadh] See~. ~ [;:>kharna] v to stumble; to flounder or trip. ~ [Jkha] See ~1:fT. ~ [Jga!)] See })iW. >1hn3" [Jgat] SkI l?f1.fdE' adj absconding, gone. 2 withdrawn. 3 dead. ~ [Jgan] SklflfOl"f3" n bad condition. ~iJTIUi'j [Jgahan] See ~. "Jgahan sabh kIy puran tIn."-cClrItr 266. ~ [JgU!)] See n-~. 'l1htr [Jgh] SkI n innundation, flood, deluge.
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n:rurc [::>ghat] See~. n:rus- [::>ghar] See ~.

})tuft. [::>ghi] n a long whip used during the training of horses. n:reor [::>cak], ~ [Scak] adv suddenly, at once, unexpectedly. "paryo ~or ;)Cak hi drrg lah."
2 See
Eur.
~ [::>tar] See ~. ~ [::>tra] See ~.
~ bd] A J ~ to return, come back, tum round. j-q [::>dh] See ~.
-GPs.
~ [::>car] See ~. ~ ffiI(!T [;)Car canJa] v grazing which is rare.
"sabad suratr lrv lil.) hor apru pial.) hE ::>car carl.)a."-BG 'to be absorbed in understanding "the word" is drinking the undrinkable and eating the uneatable'. 2 to eat the uneatable. ~ [::>chak] See ~. ~ bj] See fur. 2 A (;,,1 n expansion, progress. 3 the top, a pinnacle. 4 height, summit. ~ [::>jaa] A 0lr" n plural of~, troubles, afflictions. 2 A 0L.P,' plural of~. methods, means. ~ [::>zar] A )1),1 n a tool, an implement, instrument. 2 a sin, crime. ~ [::>jhar] See~. ~ [::>talna] v to shift from a place; to slip away. 2 to get lost; to be untraced. ~ [::>taul.)a] v to render hot; to boil. n:rcw. >lfG'O [::>tan] n heat, high degree of warmth. 2 boiling, seething. >kw [::>tana] See j~. ~ [::>qhar] adj easily or readily relenting. 2 hard-hearted, obstinate. 3 S a curtain. 4 help, assistance. [Sqha], n:rm [Sqhi] a town 15 miles east of Pandarpur in Bombay presidency, where Bhagat Namdev's elegant temple Nagnath is situated. "pher dia dehura name kau, paqian kau pIchvarla." This hymn is inscribed in the Audhia Nagnath temple at Dhar in the Central Provinces. lihr btl See ~.
adj reversed, upside down. "badh Sdh srhja tar lrya."-carrtr 306. ~ 0T'CII0'Ef [::>dhia nagnath] See to [::>n], tfo [::>nr] the earth. See ~ and~. "monan me nir ::>nr qarE brfd bOd kO."-GPS. Rr [::>r] part a coordinator; and. 2 adj additional. 3 excessive, abundant, surplus. hm [::>ras] Skt n related to ~ (breast), born of Wo; son, begotten from father's semen. 2 progeny born from a (wedded) wife's womb. ~ [::>rat] See ~. ~ irer [::>ra b::>ra] adj half mad, carefree, indifferent. "nath suno ::>ri b::>ri bate hE bakat
>iii:r [Sdh], nfW [Sdha]
nrw.
sou."-NP.
~ [::>rotri] sen~-~. (used negatively)
n:rw
not any other than the born one. "as sOdar nahr ::>rotri."-carrtr 319. hfar [::>rag] P .1.", n a throne. 2 short form for Aurangzeb. "tab ::>rag jry mahI rrsae."-VN 3 wisdom, sagacity; 4 deceit, guile. 5 happiness. 6 woodworm, weevil. nf~i1r;'hr bragzeb]1 ~;{", third son of Shahjahan and Arajmand Bano born on 3 November 16182 at Dohad3 of district Panch Mahal in Bombay Presidency. In 1658, having imprisoned his father in Agra fort, he ascended the throne of Delhi on 21 July. Having obtained a religious decree that his elder brother Dara Shikoh had acted against the tenets ofIslam, he got him killed in Delhi in September 1659. He told his younger
'His full name was Abuzafar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb. His title was Alamgir. 210 October 1619 according to some. 3literally, it means 'two boundaries' being right on the border of Gujrat and Malva.
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brother Murad who was an aspirant 1to the throne that he did not want the kingdom; and that after killing Dara with his help, he would put the crown on his head, and leave for Mecca. Unfortunately Murad was thus deluded by Aurangzeb's plan, and along with the later he defeated Dara at Fatehabad near Agra. After his victory, Aurangzeb held a grand party during which he made Murad drink heavily and put him in prison at Gwalior. Three years later, he accused him of the murder of a Saiyad and had him killed. Thus having members of his family imprisoned and murdered, Aurangzeb assumed the title ofAlamgir (possessor ofthe world). His full name was Abu al Muzaffar Muhaiyuddin Muhammad with the title Alamgir added to it." This staunch folllower of the Sunni creed of Islam was a highly learned, sagacious, industrious person, expert in the art of governance. His dress and food were very simple, and he did not take liquor or any other intoxicant, and spent very little money on his personal neeas. During leisure he made caps and prepared copies ofthe holy Quran, did not consider Islam and Hinduism as equal, and did not hesitate to commit deliberate acts of grave injustice. He was extremely glad to have the title ofMuhiuddin c{.J\t (animator of religion) from his correligionists. He ordered the closure of Hindu fairs, temple functions and Vedic schools, and having demolished famous Hindu temples at Mathura, Benaras, etc. he got mosques built in their place" He reimposed Jazia (a tax) on the Hindus which had been stopped by Akbar. With the reimposition of !azia and other taxes and the persecution of HJindus, all Rajput whom Akbar had befriended became
hostile to him. In this connection a letter which Raja Raj Singh wrote to Aurangzeb in 1680 AD as quoted by colonel Tod in his book "Rajasthan" is worthy of note: "Your elders had fostered Hindus, Muslims, Jews, Christians, as also the atheists with equal care, but during your reign many have become homeless and have left the country. There is virtually a doomsday all around, people are dying of hunger; your subjects, trampled under the feet of soldiers, are crying; traders are beating their breasts. How can the rule ofan emperor who demands tax from such suffering subjects, remain stable? If you have faith in your own sacred book you will see that God is common to all and is not only of the Muslims. He is worshipped in the mosques but his gongs are also struck in the temples. When we spoil the picture painted by an artist, we without doubt are displeasing him. Similarly, one who spoils the work of God becomes liable to His displeasure. The tax which you demand from the poor Hindus is unfair because they do not have the means to pay. But ifyou must impose Jazia, ask me and Maharaja Ram Singh to pay. By kiHing minor flies you are stigmatising your greatness." This emperor was a staunch enemy ofmusic and considered it against the teachings of Islam. Therefore all the royal musicians were dismissed. Once, all the musicians of Delhi created a great clamour while following a hearse passing in front of the emperor palace. On enquiring the emperor was told that music had died during his rule and the people were going to bury it. Aurangzeb told them to bury it so deep that it may not come out again. It was Aurangzeb's oppression and tyranny which made Shivaji his enemy, and the
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~ [Jlia] See ~.
Marathas began uprooting the Mugal rule. By assassinating Guru Teg Bahadur, he sowed seeds of enmity in the hearts of all the Sikhs, the consequences of which had to be faced by his succesors. Guru Gobind Singh sent him Zafarnama, which contained some pieces of sane advice. At the time of his death, Aurangzeb repented over his actions. He wrote to his son: "I brought nothing butdemerits with me when I came, and 1 am now going with bundles of sins. 1have committed horrendous errors and 1 do not know what punishment shall be meted out to me. 1am seriously worried about my salvation". Having ruled for fifty years, Alamgir died, at the age of 90 years and 17 days', at Ahmadnagar in the South, on 21 February 1707 (Sammat 1763), and was buried in a mausoleum near Daulatabad. Aurangzeb had five sons (Sultan Muhammad, Bahadur Shah, Azam Shah, Muhammad Akbar and Kam Bakhash) and four daughters (Zebunnisa, Jinnutnisa, Badrunnisa and Miharunnisa). At the time of his death the annual income of the kingdom was to the tune of Rs. 317, 935, 050. ~ [Jraga] emperor Aurangzeb. "Jraga carIa juddh m} jebunIsa pukare."-jagnama. ~ bragabad] a famous ciy in Hyderabad Deccan which was formerly known as Khirki. Emperor Aurangzeb renamed it after his own name in 1653 AD. ~ [Jl] See ~ and ~. 2 n white yarn, L Arum Campanulatum. ~ [Jla] A L,I adj very good, the best. lif~ [Jlad] A Jli,I n plural of ~ (son), offspring, progeny. 2 dynasty, clan, race.
'According to Hijri.
~ [;wal] See ~. i;r [Jr] absence of rain, dry season, See $ . "mas bhadrpad Jr lagi as."-GPs. ~ [Jrna] v (some idea) to come to mind; to strike. ~ bray] a musical composition with five notes. See ~. nf [a] See f}f. 2 Bhai Santokh Singh has used nf in place of ~ "a parmatam atambhu." -NP. 3 nf also appears in place of l'lfO. See
l?f~.
[aakIt bhev]-datt. unwritten or unmeasured secret. nfl:r [as] SkI ~ vr to divide into parts, partition. 2 SkI fR. n a part, segment. 3 nfl:r is also used to mean ~R (family or pedigree) as in "gurua$". 'guru family'~ 4 sixteenth part, a phase of the moon. 5 See l?flJ. 6 SkI 3fB a shoulder. nfl:r [as bhevi] adjborn from God's divine power. 2 lightning, the rays of which are frightening. "gajE gEl). devi, maM as bhevi." -VN. nfl:r l-fli [as mala] See~. nfw ~ rasa autar], nfRr ~ rasa avtar], ~ [asavtar] SkI ~ n The Purans mention the supernatural powers of gods; some ofthem are seen in divine incarnations. Those with a few (not all) powers called a$avtar are partial incarnations. Some may be having nine powers, some sixteen powers. "asa autaru upaIonu."-var guj 1 m 3. "anIk purakh asa avtar."-sar a m 5. lim [<"lsi] SkI 3T~Fl, adj holding a part, shareholding. 2 possessor of some art, craft or skill. nflJ [asu] Skl>itrJ n a ray, sun-beam. "jIS mahI namu nIrajanasu."-mala m 1. "kahu kabir Ihu ram ki asu."-g5c;f kabir. 2 the sun. 3 a
nf~ ~~
rn
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thread, yarn. 4 books with the sun as pan: of their titles, have chapters called a:?u. Se,e Gur Pratap Suray. ~ [a:?uk] cloth made from cotton yarn. 2 a sheet, wrap. 3 a silk garment. ~ [asubhevi] See l?ffi ffi. ~ [a:?uman] grandson of Sagar, king of the solar dynasty and son ofManjas, See FIOlO. 2 adj having rays. ~}fT(? [asumal], ~'lJJ-Il'fu [asuillaII], ~.~ [a:?umali] Skt ~i~1,l1IffF\n the sun, which wears garlaiids of rays. "bhdi prabhat udyo asumal."-GPs. ~ [asu] n a tear. 2 a chapter, See fff 4. ~ [ak] Skt ~ vr to mark; to count; to walk exist; take in the lap; talk ill of. 2 Skt ~~ n a mark, spot, sign. 3 a letter of alphabet. 4 a writing; a written piece. 5 body. 6 a count of nine because there are nine major parts ofthe body. 7 a sin, fault. 8 a lap, bosom "dtI sdneh s6 lino ak."-GPs. 9 an attire. 10 heart. 11 a stigma, blemish. "bIn ak illdyak bdnyo badna."-NP. 'blemish free moon.' nfcm takas] See ~. ~ ~ [ak sahelri], ~ FItm [ak saheli] a bosom friend, dear friend (feminine). Se,e l'lf&. "ak sdhelriah."-sri ill 1. ~ [akdsu] See ~. "akasu gYanu ratan hE khevat bula sat."-s kabir. ~ tnreT [ak palai], ~ tffit [ak pali], Jiior 'l..rnT [ak pali] Skt 31~ n the alphabet or list in which numerals instead of letters are used. There are many akpalia but here is given one indicated by Guru Gobind Singh. R H Q ~ U ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20
'e'
lif
~
@"
3'
;r
H
~
900
"0
1000
Uf
2000
<!
3000 4000
5000 6000 7000 8000 Matras are attached to these figures as to Gurmukhi letters:
~
n
1.fT
800 6 50 T 101 Arabic and Persian scholars, too, have framed several akpalis. 2 Skt ~Cfi"11lffr n a female, midwife, wet nurse. 3 embrace ~ [akvar] H n a lap, hip, arms. ~ [akar] n rigidity, pride, arrogance. 2 See
~. l)jfQ [akI] adv with a limb. "akI illIlai."-jet
l.f
t:r
cr
90
G
EI'
30 40
iii
50
0
60
70
EI'
80
~
100
200 300 400 500
600
700 800
cMt m 5. 2 in the heart, See a ~ 10. "guru ka kdhIa akI samavE."-oakar. ~ [akIt] SkI ~ adj written, scribed. 2 marked with some sign. 3 smudged. "fg [aku] n a dress. See ~ 9. "aku jaldu tdnu jalidu."-sri a m 1. ~ [akus] Skt 31~ pressure ofthe government. 2 iron rod for goading elephants. l'>f90 [akur], ~gsr. [akuru] Skt ~~ n blood. 2 water. 3 germination mark, spore, sprout, micro organism. "purdb kdrdill akur jdb prdgte."-gau m 5. 4 luck, fate, destiny. "akur bhdlo hdmara."-toqi m 5. 5 seed, root. "bhdgtdn ka akuru rakhIo."-dhana ill 5. ~ [akura] n a hook, loop. ~ [akur] See~. "purdn lIkhdt nIsan kdrdill akuf hE."-BG l'>f1:f [akh] Skt 3l6~(,\ vr to float, be carried by the current, continue to do something. 2 an eye. "for rag] Skt ~, vr to mark, walk, engage in some work. 2 Ski 316;!T n body. 3 a limb, hand, foot, head etc. 4 a way out, measure, effort. 5 a friend, dear one. 6 a point of view,
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espousal. "jIn ka ag karE mera suami."-sar m 4 partal. 7 a part, share. 8 a numeral, figure. 9 a kingdom around Bhagalpur in Bengal whose capital once was Champapuri. "tIS dIS ag bag te adi."-GPS. There is a story in Mahabharat that Bali's wife Sudeshna gave birth ag, vag, kalfg, pUQar and suk~, the five sons ofsage Diraghatma who founded different kingdoms after their respective names. "far}fllT rag sag] adjwith the body, embodied. "guru ag sag rahe." 2 always accompanying. ~ [ag-hin] adj limb-less, crippled. nfort:r [agaj] Skt adj born from a limb. 2 n a son, progeny. 3 pore, hair. 4 disease. 5 Cupid. ~ [aga1).] Skt ~ and ~ n a courtyard, compound. 2 going about, roaming, rambling. ~ [agtra1).] Skt n the protector of the body, clothes; a dress. 2 a helmet, breast plate, armour. l?fare' [agad] Skt ~ n decorator of a limb; an ornament, anklet, bracelet. 2 son of Bali and Tara, and nephew of Sugriv. He went to Ravan's court as an emissary ofRam Chandar. "It kapIpatI ar ram dut agad-hf pathayo." -ramav. 3 one ofLakshman's sons, who founded the town Angadi in his name. 4 See ~~. ,,~ 'Rf3qr~ [agad satIguru] The second preceptor of the Sikhs, was born on Sunday, 15 th day of the lunar month of Vaisakh (5 Vaisakh) 1561 Bikrami era (31 March 1504 AD). He was the son of Pheru Mal Khatri and Daya Kaur of village Matte di Sarai (district Firozpur). He was named Lahina. He was married in Sammat 1576 to Khivi, daughter of Devi Chand Khatri of village Sanghar, the ruins of which are near Khadur. Two sons, Dasu and Datu, and two daughters, Amaro and Anokhi, were born to them. Initially Bhai Lahina, like his father, was a devotee of goddess Durga, and used to visit Vaishnav Devi every year as the head of the
devotees. During Sammat 1589, while going to Vaishnav Devi (Javalamukhi according to Nanak Prakash) he met Guru Nanak Dev at Kartarpur, and, forsaking the worship of the goddess, he became a disciple of the Guru only, who, pleased with his devotion and service, renamed him Angad and made him his successor on 17 Harh Sammat 1596. He started functioning as the Guru from 23 Assu 1596, and preached the doctrine of Nanak Dev with rare efficiency. In Sammat 1598, he began Propagating knowledge in Gurumukhi script without any discrimination of caste. He got the biography of Guru Nanak Dev written in Sammat 1601 of which a distorted version is now known as Bhai Bale wali Janamsakhi. After having functioned as Guru for 12 years 9 months and 17 days, he breathed his last at Khadur on 3 Baisakh (Chet Sudi 4) Sammat 1609 (29 March 1552 AD) at the age of 47 years, 11 months and 29 days. liaro ragan] See~. 2 short form for l?foror. woman. "sudar madrr agan seja."-NP. See
nforor.
,,tJrOT [agna] Skt 31S:,1T";fr n a woman with
beautiful limbs. "agna adhin kam krodh me prabin."-akal. ~ [agnyas] Skt ~ n (according to Hinduism) touching individual limbs in turn, while reciting the mantars. See 0('3"1'G!(') fl:rl7:/f3", part 1,~: 5 to 8. "far~ [agpharakl).a],,,far~ [agphur1).a] v (for muscles) to throb, quiver or flutter involuntarily. Among the Hindus throbbing ofmuscles is variously considered auspicious or inauspicious. See ~ ~ ~ ~, 1': 59. In Sikhism such a belief is not given any credence. "devi dey na sevka, tat na mat na phura1). vIcare."-BG ~ [agbin] See ~.
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is accepted as the chief priest of gods and the god of oblations. Some say that Angira is the broken. 2 n absence of some part ofthe: body. "fcm.r [agam] Pkt adj dear, beloved. "ttl agam offspring ofUru and Agneyi. At one place it is written that he was born from the mouth of vaQ ja!).Ia."-tukha m 4. Brahma. Simriti, Shradha and Swadha were ~ [agrau] n Guru Angad Dev. "gurujagat his wives; Utathy; Virahspati and Mrikandu, phrra!). sih agrau."-savE'ye m 2' ke. 'the lionhis sons; and Bhanumati, Raka, Sinivali, like son of Pheru, universal guru Angad'. Archismati, Havesmati and Punyjanika were 2 Angira rikhi, a sage. See ~ and >:ff(JRlT. his daughters. ~ [agrakhal n a stringed dress for protecting In the forest chapter of Mahabharat it is limbs, reaching down to the knees, is also called aga. written that Angira was the son of Agni and "foRrr [agra] See l'lff'arer. 2 n an ember., burning his wife was named Shubha. See~. coal. "agra brrhaganI ke nIkre."-kr:rsan. nfaft [agi] Skt ~~ adjhaving a body, animate, living "rakho agi aIJ."-suhi m 4. 2 a resident ~ [agrai] See ~. ~ [agrag] Skt n a paste of saffron, musk, of Ang region "bagi kalfg agi ajit."-kalki. sandalwood, for applying to the body for 3 partisan. 4 a bodice, stay. fragrance. 2 clothes, ornaments, etc. for ~ [agia] See l?ffaror". adorning the body. 3 an armour. ~ [agikar], ~ [agikaru] Skt ~ Jiararor [agrana] v to stretch the body in order n something\.vhich has been accepted or adopted. "agikar kio men: kart."-guj m 5. to remove languor. ~ [agrej], ~ [agreji] See '~fc[tr and ~ [agiknt], ~ [agikrItu] Skt~ adj accepted, approved. "prabhI din daIal j!lJffi' [agn:] n the sage Angira. See 1~fuRr". kio agikntu."-kan m 4. "parurau agn: guru na!).ak jas gaIao."-SavE'ye "faftoT [agitha], :I?fafIo't [agithi] n a fire place. mIke. 'Pururia and Angira'. 2 xa a funeral pyre. j!CJSTit [agrai] n stretching of limbs due to ~. [agusatJ" ~ [agusth] Skt ~ n a languor. thumb. "kubIja udhri agusat dhar."-basat a nf<nr [agal of a dear one. "baranI na sakau gu!). m 5. 'Lord Krishna pressing the thumb of the foot of Kubja with his foot and pressing aga."-maru solhe m 5. See :~or 5. 2 See upward her chin gave a sudden jerk and her >i0f0l:fT. j!arro [agar], ~ [agIar] Skt ~R n a crooked body was straightened.' See~. burning coal or piece of wood; amber. ~ [agu$t] P .:~ n a finger. "kachua kahE agar bhI lorau."-a8a kdbir. ~ [ago$tri] P n a ring, finger. Here agar means spiritual enlightenment. ~ [agun], 1~~ [aguriJ, ~ [aguriaJ ~ [agIka] Skt ~ a lady's garment, Skt ~ n a finger. See ~. bodice, stays "agIka suragi nat var ragi." ~ [agul] Skt n a measure equal to the width -ramav. of a finger. 2 See ~. "ffin'aT [agrra] ~ n the author of several ~ [aguII] Skt ~n a finger. 2 a thumb. verses of Rig Ved, counted among the se:ven The five fingers are named thumb (agu$th), great sages and the ten lords of creation.. He fore-finger (tarjni), middle-finger (madhyma),
"far aT [ag bhag] Skt adj who has some limb
recrrRt.
u;:J;
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ring-finger (anamIka), and little finger (kanI:?thIka). ~ [agulIka] See ~. 2 See ~. "fqr~ [agulItr], nr~~ [agulItral).] Skt n a protective leather cover worn on the thumb and the fore finger while using bow and arrows. According to Valmik this protective cover used to be of the hide of large-sized lizards. The second cadi carItr also quotes. "badhe baddh godhaguIItral). baddha." "kahu agulItral). kate pare hE." -carItr 320. 2 a housewife; a metal cap worn on the finger by a tailor. ~ [aguli] See ~. ~ [agulik] Skt 31"''5rn:!b-d'C1~\-rri'Q=Cf1 n a glove. 2 a ring, seal. "kahu agulikadI ke ratan rajE." -carItr 405. nli!!Ml~ia [agulitral).], nli!!Mlf~a [agulitrIl).] See nli!! fPlg la. "su sobh agulitnl).a."~ramav. ~ [aguliyak] See ~. ~ [agutha] thumb. See ~ and ~ 2. ~ [aguthi] n a ring worn on the thumb; a thumb-ring containing a mirror. 2 a ring. "fW6' [agur] See ~. "pachE hano agur." -sTirn 1. 2 P ./1, grapes, seedless dried grapes called kI:?mI:? and with seeds called munakka. Superior quality of wine and vinegar are prepared from grapes. In India grapes ofQuetta and Kandhar are ofa superior quality. 3 grape vine. "fqrcT [aguri] n newly sprouted crop. "cori mIrag aguri khaI."-oJkar. "hari aguri gadha carE."-gaukobir. Here gad-ha means pride that feeds on green sproutings i.e. aguri means virtues of good deeds like charity, etc. 2 drink such as wine, vinegar, etc. made from gtap~s. 3 adj of the colour of grapes, light green. ~ [agocha] Skt something to clean a body, especially a towel; a large handkerchief, "Isnan dio kar ap agochan poch sudhare."
-gurusobha. ~ [agrez],
nfiftm
[agrezi] See recrr;:r and
re-a):tft.
})[ur tagh] Skt ~ vr to go, begin, gamble,
stain, mark, stumble, complain, make haste. nffiy: [aghnl, llf1.y-T [aghri] Skt ~ n a root. 2 a foot, which leaves a mark on the ground. See nfur vr "aghri sam arbfd saras tav man sam madhup karijE."-NP >mr [a!)] See nfq, nfar and ~. ~ [a!)al).], ~ [a!)al).u], ~ [a!)anl, ~ [a!)anra] See~. "sahu bEtha a!)al).u malI." -var maru 2 m 5. Here a!)al).u means 'the mind.' "mIratkara a!)anre bare."-vaQ olahl).ia m 1. ~ [aDu] See nfq and nfar. "ham mEl bhare duhcaria han rakh-hu agi a!)u."-suhi rn 4. 'Take our side, 0 favouring God.' nrn- [a!)E] nr-l?f: See ~nrn-. l?hr lac] Skt ~ vr to bow, worsh ip, decorate, beg, reveal, remove, spread, collect. 2 Skt 31fif n a flame, i.e. sorrow, woe. "rati ac dukh na Iai. "-bhEr a m 3. 3 Skt ~ a scratch, abrasion, "bhumI ragavli majhI vIsuIa bag, jo nar pir nIvajIa tIna ac na Iag."-var ram 2 m 5. 'Living in the thorny garden of the Divine, one does not get a scratch.' ~ [acar], ftrer [acral, ~ [acaI], ~ [ada], ~ [acaIu] Skt ~ n the end part of a scarf or a headcloth, fringe, border. "acal gahIa sadhu ka."-asa m 5 bIrhare. "ada gahaIo jan apne kau."-nat rn 5. 2 a garment. "kahu cada ada ko banaVE.,,_carItr 405. ~ [acuri] See nfi:r1;ft. "f;:r raj] Skt 3I0f,~ vr to clean, go, admire, brighten, rub oil, decorate. >,f;::ra' [ajal).] See nft:Io. 2 n bringing. "CUl). cUl). ajal). butia."-BG nffio [ajan] Skt ~ n antimony ground into collyrium, "gIan ajan gun dia agIan adher bmas."-sukhrnani. 2 black ink. 3 wealth
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279 "ajan mahI nHajan rahic:."-suhi m 1, 4 a mountain of collyrium mentioned in Valmik's Ramayan. 5 night. 6 a past(~ for massage on the body. See }}\';:r" vr "gIan ajanI mera manu Isnam:."-dhana am 5. 7 a lizard. 8 Skt 3TGf"l sitting in a solitary place; isolation; seclusion. "ape sab ghat bhogvE suami, ape hi sab ajan."--var lJIha m 4. "jia upaI jugatI vaSI kini ape gurumuklhI ajan."-mala a m 1. 9 in the dialec:t of Chamba hills, ajan stands for the knot tied on the clothes of the bride and the bridegroom. "ffio furFa" [ajan g:ErI] See "ffio 4,. l1fi::Ior [ajna] v to apply collyrium to the eyes. "ajan tEsa ajiE jEsa pHU bhavc:."-suhi chat m 1. 2 Skt n a sty, a pimple on the eyelid. 3 In Sastarnammala, a young maiden doing a faciial makeup is mentioned as ajna. "ajnan ke nam IE." 4 Hanuman's mother. See l?fMol }}\'trfo [ajam] adv with collyrium. 2 with massage paste (abhyajan). See fffi'i 6. ft::ro'l [ajni] Skt ~ n wife of the monkey (or forest dweller) Keshri and mother of Hanuman; Anjna. 2 maya (wealth, illusion). 3 woman with body covered with sandalwood paste etc. "ajni ke dhir hE."-ramav. 'Horses are as volatile as pupils ofa woman's e:ye.' 4 a sty. }}\'t=r09JI 3' [ ajnisut], }}\'R7i9t=r [ajnij], }}\,i1c'i9"30liI" [ajnitanay] son of Anjani; Hanuman, Anjani Kumar. >m:mo [ajman] See nhrHo. "f;::rft;r rajah], }}\'j,m [ajIi] Skt ~ n palms joined in the form of a cup. 2 palmfuls of water thrown as dedication to the dead forefathers. The Sikh Gurus have rejected the practice and have advised the people to accept the will of the Almighty. In Guru Granth Sahib. under the title ajli in malar measure in the line "sajog vIjOg dhur-hu hi hua." we are advised to abide by the will of the Divine. 3 See ~. l1ffitH [ajam] P (~;, n an end, a consequence, finale. 2 result. ~ [ajiE] Seen,h=rot". ~ [ajir] Skt ~ P n a fig tree and its fruit. L Ficus carica. Its fruit contains seed. It is sweet in taste. Physicians of the Greek system of medicine use it in several prescriptions. Figs ofKabul and Iran are very sweet; their effect is hot and moist. 2 a town, 30 miles away from Qilat in Balochistan. >ffi:fu;) [ajil] See &tfm. ~ [ajum] A (' pl.!!ral ofOffif (planet). stars. ~ [ajuman] p ~ n an assembly ofeminent persons. nftn-r is plural ofOffif (star); a place where eminent persons, celebrities ofsociety, gather. . ~ [ajuril, ~I' [ajuIi] See ~. 2 joining of both hands in salutation "karI sadhu ajuli punu vada."-sohIla. ~ [ajhu] n a tear. ~ [aj1], ~ [aj1uI adv thus, like this, in this way. nrn- [a~l] Skt 3TU6 n an egg. 2 a testicle "tab tere dou ad cabEhE."-carItr 43. 3 the universe, which is be egg-shaped. 4 a musk-carrying navel. 5 Kamdev, ICupid. 6 cupola ofa temple. 7 semen. 8 short form for ~ (oviparous) "ad bInasi jer bInasi."-sar m 5. 9 a son of king Yayati. ~ [adaj] Skt n born like fish, birds, reptiles etc. from eggs, oviparous. "adaj jeraj utbhuj setaj tere kite jata."-sor m 1. 2 the world, the universe, the earth. "adaj phor jor vIchor." -bIla thIti m 1. See ~ and f'I:rf11 ififc'iT. ~ [adtuk] n egg-like world whose one half is the earth and the other half is the sky. ";'idtuk jacE bhasmati."-mala namdev.
if
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'Mortal persons are the residue.' See IDlH3t. [aQ baQ] n incompatible speech. 2 out of context babble. 3 adj crooked, bent. nf-g f{fu [aQ vnddhI] ~L~ Hydrocele. accumulation of serous fluid about the testes. It is caused by living in a flatulent way, eating rheumy substances, copulation by restraining normal excretary system, drinking too much toddy wine. In medical books its seven forms, each born of winds, bile, impure blood, etc. are mentioned; its patient must get.himself treated at once by a competent doctor. Good medicines for rubbing, pasting or eating should be used so that the cause of the enlargement of testes is removed. The following medicine has been found to be effective: Take a bark of large myrobalan, terminalia chebula, wormwood, carriander seed, each 2 tolas, cloves 1 tola, cassia acufolia 4 tolas, all ground and sieved, add to it one and a half times sugar and same amount of honey. Mix all these and keep them in an earthen vessel; this should be lapped up or eaten with water in quantity according tq the patient's age. One tola intoxicating hemp mixed with brown lump sugar should be bound around the testes; alternatively the fruit of dhak tree soaked in water and mixed with ghee (clarified butter) should be rubbed as well as bound around the testes. ~ [aQa] See ~. nfiPOfTO [aQakar] Skt adj egg shaped; oval; elliptical. 2 n geography and astronomy. ~ [at] Skt 3RL vr to tie. 2 Skt 3R1 n the end, death. 3 a consequence, effect, result. 4 boundary, extent. 5 the last breath, the time of death. "at ki bar nahi kachu tera."-g;m kabir. 6 centre, middle. 7 See l'>f3Jr. ~ J11:fTit [at sakhai] adj who helps at the last moment (death). 2 who remains a constant
~~
friend till the end. 3 n religion. 4 God. 3R":~21 adj who is at the centre; situated in the interior. 2 n in grammar, four characters tif, 0, 1?, ~ which are between kavarag and U$mavaraI)., (w, lSf, B, 6") characters. 3 human soul. l'>Iaclaa<! [atahkaraI).] Skt 3R1:~ n the inner organ of sense in alliance with which the external sense organs function. It has four forms: (I) mind (}f() from which arise will or volition, doubt and error. (2) intelligence (iffq) from which come ideas and decisions. (3) cerebrum (ftl'3") in the sense ofthought and memory. (4) ego (~) by which the relation with things is established; the selfhood; selfassertion. Guru Nanak Dev has referred to these faculties in Japuji: "tIthE ghariE suratI (mind as consciousness), matI (selfhood, 1ness), mam (mind as will or volition) and budhI (mind as thought and memory)" "fau 1fa" latah pur] Skt 3R1:~ n a palace for ladies situated between (~) the city (yo) and the king's court. 2 the interior part of a house. }){aC{ [atak] n death. 2 Yam, god of death. 3 adjwho ends or causes death. "5tak jam jab lme aV."-krIsan. 4 This word is also used for atak meaning terror. "an5g ardhagak ke atak te."-carItr. 'Cupid for fear of Shiv.' nf3a" ~ [atak dham] n the land of the Yam. "5t ko atak dham padhare."-akal. nfa'ao't [atakni] n a gun, rifle, musket.-sanama. ~ [atkal] n the time of death; death. ~ ~ ~ [at ke dham] See f3a" 'QlH. ~ fqw [at knya] n death ceremony. 2 funeral rites. See ~ and ~~. nf3H [ataH Skt ~ n born in the lowest caste; a shudar. 2 lowly. Rishi Atri has mentioned
nf3Ftf [atasth] Skt
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seven low castes: washerman (i:t"m), leather worker (ID-fTO), actor or acrobat (CiZ), house breaker (~), water-carrier (~), distiller of liquor (~) and bhil (~). ~ ~ [at ddsan] n reducer to the last stage; death; Yam, the god of death. "tlh updr atddsanhI dhayo."-krIscm. >i3H [atdm] See nffuH. ~ [atdr] Skt~ n a distance, space, interstice. "nISI dIn atdr jyo atdr bdkhanIYdt."-GPs. 2 a cover, curtain, screen. "jln kdU plas tumari pritdm tIn kdU atdr nahi."-mala m 5. 3 difference, distinction. "hdrIjanharI antaru ndhi."-s m 9. 4 a secret. "Ie tako atar muhI kahlyhu."-cantr 55. 5 inside. 6 mind. 7 intestine, gut. 8 >?8-!fu arrow. "pl"Ithme bhikham nam Ie at sdbad drI dehu, sut adr atar UCdr nam ban Idkh Iehu."-sdnama. Bhisham's enemy Arjun, Arjun's charioteer Krishan, Krishan's enemy an arrow. ~~ [atdr sdkhai] adj bosom friend. ("atar sakhai prabhu sor."-vac;f m 3. ~ ~ [atdr hrrda] n conscienc(~, soul, innermost organ of sense. "jlsu atdw hrrda sudhu he."-bIlla m 4. ~ [atdrgdt] Skt 3RJ1fu adj achieved to the innermost extent. ~ [atdrgdtI] n inward condition, state of mental poise bereft of evil thoughts and actions. "mdn tdn drplO atdrgdtI kini."-gau am 1. 2 adv achieved at the innermost level. "atdr gdtr tirdthr mdlr nau."-japu. ~ [atdrjam], ~ [atdrjamIl, }lf3atr'J-it [atdrjami] Skt 3P(1<fTflr~, adj knowing (or perceiving) innermost thoughts. 2 persuasive by settling in inner mind. "thakur atarjam." -sar m 5. "jdtdn kdre manukh Q.dhkavE ohu atarjdmi jane."--dhana m 5. ~ rro [atdr dhan] Skt ~ n concealment, hypocrisy, secrecy. 2 adj hidden, secret,
disappeared. 'j!3Q f1l>,r-o [atdr dhran], f3Q UJ!1?) [atdr dhyan] See ~ "Q1('). 2 n a mental view of the soul. ~~ [atdrbhav] Skt3Rf'l'flCrn heart's object or desire, intention. 2 internal understanding. 3 non-existence, destruction. f3Q ~3" [atdr bhut] Skt 3P'Cf~(l adj existing within; included in the self. 2 n an individual soul; spiritual essence of a living being. ~ l-R? [atdr mdI] Skt 3RPfc;r n mental impurity, pollutiC'n ofthe mind. 2 filth in the stomach. ~ ljCf [atdr mukh] Skt ~ adjwho turns mental impulses inward. 2 one with face turned within. f3Q 'li5"fua'r [atdr Iaplka] Skt 3l~dC1frqCfiI n a poetic figure of speech. See ~. f~t:!" [atdrved] Skt ~G adj a country having altars of different religions. 2 n a country lying between the rivers Ganges and Yamuna, mentioned as Brahmavarat in the Hindu scriptures. 3 a country between two rivers, doab. ~cl [atdrvedi] adj who dwells between two rivers. See ~. an inhabitant of an inter-river basin; a resident of Brahmavarat. nf3"or [atra] n a re:frain and pause in the text of a hymn. 2 a distance, gap. 3 a cover, shield, obstruction. "jln kE bhitdrI he 2Jtra, jEse PdSU tese UI ndra."-bher namdev. 4 according to Yog, 5tra is what disturbs mental traquility. See 'GrOT ~ 1-30. 5 adv without, except. f3fu [atdrI] adj internal, inner. "atdrr rag mdha dukh."-maru solhe m 3. 2 advwithin, inside. "nandk rdvr rdhro sdbh atdrI."-mala m 5. 3 in the mind or the heart. "atdrI blkhu mukhI amrItu sUI).ave."-gau m 5. "atdrI efta nid nd sove."-var sor m 3. f~ [antrIkf;'], f3ftfcr [atrIkkh], f3'els
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282 [atrich] Skt 3R1ft~ n space between the earth and the heaven. 2 the sky. 3 the other world. "atrich bhae pache 10k pachtat hE."-BGK. 'People do not honour saints during their lifetimes but repent after they are gone.' ~ [atariy], ~ [atariv] Skt 3R!fr<T adj inner, internal. 2 n garment for the torso; shorts dhoti. ~ [ataru] See l?f3'o. "ataru sitalu satI hoI." -asa am 3. 2 mind. ~ ~ [ataru hIrda] See l?f3'o ~. ~ [atrag] Skt ~ adj from the heart. 2 internal. ~ JrnT [atrag sabha] an assembly or committee of special members; members managing a committee. ~ [atvat] Skt ~ "CRf adj liable to meet with ruin, destructible. ~ [atri] See l'>fi3". l1f3r [ata] See ff3H. l?ffir [atI] at last, in the end. "atI gaIa pachutaI."-sri m 3. 2 the last time, at the time of death. "ffu}f [atIm] Skt ~ adj last, final. ~ [atIvar] See l'li'B. "atIvar namu gahI1)a."-asa m 5. ~ [ati] adj last, final. "jahI ati ausar a I banat hE."-kalI m 4. ~ [atu] See nfo and l?f3Jr. "atu na japE kita akar." -japu. "j'3" [ate] at last, at the last time. "ate sahguru bolIa."-sadu. ~ [aty] Skt 3Rl1" adj last, final. 2 n Yam, the god of death. 3 the numeral 10,000,000, 000,000,000. See F\1:r.rr. ~ [atyaj] See >ii'oFr. ~ [atyatak]l?f3Jr-~ the word ~ in the final position. "ad I $abad khak ucarkE atyatakpad din."-sanama. 'Adding ~ to 'l:ffi" (wicked person) it becomes ~ which means a noose. ~TR" [atyanupras] See))fQ1;fTR" 5. ~ [atye$tI] See ~ and ~. ~ [atr] See l?f3'o. 2 Skt 31-'?f n an intestine (that ties the body tightly). ~ [atrak] n difference. 2 adjinternal, inner. "Ih atrak man me pahIcano."-NP. ~ ifQ [atr jvar] n fever related to intestine, See 3Tl.f (i) ~ t:I"'i'i [atr dhan], ~ 'Q'Jl'TO [atra dhyan] See l?f3'o t:I"'i'i and l?f3'o 11:P?fro. l'li':{m [atrik] See ~. "bahay ka atrik bakhana."-NP. 'external and internal.' rk [ad] Skt 3R\ vr to tie. 2 P JI n a desire. 3 wonder. 4 period of five hundred or fifteen thousand years. 5 short form for tl1ft!" are. In this case it comes at the end of a word as "marda akII ad." ~ [adak] P ..itl adjlittle, some, less, short. ~ [adar] P ./JI adv in, inside. 2 A rare. 3 n barren land. 4 a threshing floor. 5 See j't!"2. l'li'~ [adarhu] from inside, from within. "adarhu jIn ka mohu tuta."-anadu. ~ [adaru] See~. "adaru sital satI."-var bIla m 3. 2 mind, soul. "adaru laga ram na'mI."-sri m 5. ~fug [adaru cItU] n mind, soul, conscience. "tIs da adaru CItU na bhIjai."-var guj 1 m 3. ~ [adruni] P j,lJI adj inner, internal. ~ [adIib] A -:-:!.P n a nightingale. ~ [adaxtan] P ~JI v to throw, cast, drop. ~ [adaj], ~ [adaja] P &JW n an estimate, guess, conjecture. 2 weight. 3 measurement. 4 part, portion. 5 an instance, example. 6 proper, appropriate, suitable. "balI sake na adaja."-bIla kabir. 'God cannot be talked about even on the basis ofguess work.' "laphaj kamaI adaja."-maru solhe m 5.
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[;}dam] P (I..c l 11 body. 2 management, administration, arrangement. 3 beauty. ~ [ade$] P V:..c' adj who thinks; used terminally in a word as in ~;r. ~ [;}desra], ~ [;}desro], I[;}desa] P ~..cl 11 apprehension, anxiety. "sabh rahIO ;}desaro rna I o."-sor m 5. "jo jan bhaja][lu kare prabhu tera tIS adesa nahi."-sor m 5. 2 doubt, double-mindedness, diffidence. 3 fear, apprehension, misgiving. ~ [;}doh] P u..cl 11 grief, sorrow. ~ worry, anxiety. "dukh adoh nahi tIh thau."--gau ravrdas. ~ [;}dokhtan] P cf,..cl v to gather; to accumulate; to serve; to repay debt. ~ [;}doIJ SkI ~ vr to shake, rock, swing. ~ [;}dolan] See ~. ~ [;}dr] See ~. 2 See ~. ~y [;}drhu] adv from inside, from the heart, heartily. "tapa na hOVE ;}drahu lobhi."-var gau 1 m 4. ~ [;}draul] 11 ~-~ intestines (wIon), guts, See~. "ftr [;}dh] SkI 3F~T vr to close eyes, not to see. 2 SkI adjblind. :~ ignorant, devoid of thought. 4 11 a blindman. 5 water. ci an owl. 7 darkness. 8 ignorance. "agIani adh kamaI."-var sor m 3. 9 a defect in poetics where the poet writes contrary to the rules, as "nasIka kamal jsi nn hE nagare se." See ~ 'fTN. 10 SkI ~ 11 a chain. "jaria ;}dh kadh par Qare."-datt. 'with the net and chain on the shoulder.' ~ [;}dhau] blind; who cannot see. 2 ignorant. 3 vain, proud. "ftr ~ [;}dh ;}dhar], nfq llfrror [adh adhara] 11 heavy darkness, pitch darkness. 2~ ignorance, lack of education. "bajh guru hadh adhara."-majh a m 1. 3 adj who has no knowledge of a shape or appearance. ";~g:[ani
~
re-w
adha adh adhara."-majh am 1. 11 son of the blind (Dhritrashtar); Duryodhan and his brother Dussasan, etc. ~ [;}dhak] SkI 11 a blind person. "tam prakas andhakah."-sa.has m 5. 2 a sub-caste of Yadavs which started with Andhak, son of Yudhaj it. 3 a demon, son of Kashyap who drank so heavily that he came to be known as Andhak (blind with drunk). I He is said to have one thousand heads and two thousands arms. He stole the wish-fulfilling parIjat tree from Indar's garden in heaven. Shiv destroyed him. "jIm ;}dhak s6 har yudh karyo."-rudr. 4 A blind ascetic of Vaishya caste, whose son Sravan (Sindhu) was thought to be a wild animal in the dark night, and shot to death, by King Dashrath with a sound-directed arrow. l?fmm [;}dhakah] to the blind one. See ~ I. "ftr CIIDf [;}dh karam] 11 a thoughtless action; actions taken in ignorance. "jag ;}dh h ;}dhe karam kamaI."-var brha m 3. ~ fuy [;}dhak upu] 11 Shiv, See l'>fqor 3. ~ [;}dhkar] SkI 11 darkness. 2 ignorance, lack of education. "adhkar mahI bhaIa pragas."-g5Q m 5. 'Light of knowledge appeared.' ~ [adhkup] adja blind well, 2 permanent darkness within a well. 3 11 world as ignorance. ";}dhkup te k;}Qhe care."-majh m 5. 4 an underground cell close to a well. 1?l'trcf"Q' [;}dhkadh] nftm"-nf"Q', demon Andhak blind with drink. ";}dhkadh phIryo tab jay dGdbhin bajaI."-rudr. 2 ignorant and imbecile.
"ftr lJ3" [adh sut]
An ancient tale is there to the effect that once, laughingly, Parvati covered Shiv eyes with her palms. From this was born Andak. He gained his eye-sight through meditation.
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litJ cfu [adh kam] See l?ftr ~. litJ'iIIfu [adh gatI] n the gait of a blindman.
2 thoughtless behaviour. '\lhuQat Qolhf adh gatI."-8 kCJbir. litJ Uhf [adh ghar] n pitch darkness; terrifying darkness. 2 hugely ignorant. 3 a terribly ignorant person. "asakh murakh adh ghar." -japu. ~ [adhtamISr] n a particular hell so dark that one cannot see one's own stretched hand. 2 ignorance, which is a form of dense darkness. litJ ~ [adh dhUd], l?ftr tjtT [adh dhUdh] n darkness intensified with fog. 2 a bad custom, wrong conduct. 3 injustice. 4 ignorance. l?ftr t:ii:r [adh dhadh] See ~. 2 S tyranny, cruelty. 3 disorder, mismanagement. litJ ~ [adh netra] ~ j ":,,V Amaurosis is a disease ofthe eyes, resulting in partial or total loss ofsight. It is caused by head injury, brain tumour syphilitic boil, excessive copulation, diseased eyelids, studying in dim light, . headache with pain in eyeballs, taking too much liquor or smoking, and sudden stoppage of menses in women etc. Its treatment should be had from an efficient physician or doctor who after exhaustive t~sting may properly treat the patient. A patient of amaurosis should take rich invigorating food and should completely abstain from copulation .The following medicine is very good for a patient suffering from eye-diseases: melt one tola of pure lead, mix it with one tola of mercury while it is hot; then take blue glass, oxide of zinc, cardamom, parched borax, mother of pearl, stone of Basra, caltha patustri, dosel, cold sugar and camphor all one tola each, white antimony four tolas, black antimony ten tolas, raw opium three masas. All those
things should be finely ground and dissolved in one bottle of rose water. Two chhatanks juice of margossa leaves, two chhatanks of bould myrobalan, bellax myrobalan and embile myrobalan, one chhatanks extract of root of amonum anthorhiyam or berberis aristate, be mixed and ground fine like collyrium and put in a blue bottle. By putting this in the eyes with a needle, diseases of the eyes are cured. But care should be taken to ensure that the needle, used by one person is not used by others without thoroughly cleaning it. Medicines prescribed for green cataract are also useful for this disease which also has two more forms; one blind by day but able to see during the night; and two vice versa that is blind during the night but not so during the day. This disease is cured by putting drops of the liquid of the shell of Bellorica myrobalan in the eyes and eating bread of wheat flour with fresh ghee poured on it while it is still hot. This is to be taken for seven days. Daily licking of the powder of the three myrobalans mixed with half tola of ghee of cow's milk is also useful. Seeds of Kulpha (patulaca olerecca) three masas, coriander seeds three masas, ground and mixed with mucilage of the seeds, quince fruit three masas is also beneficial. White sandalwood rubbed in rose water should be rubbed on the forehead. "pathn baIphnag adhnetra."-cantr 405. litJ trftr [adh patI] n night, See HtJTfoR'. >itT mr1.RJT [adh parapara] n a thoughtless observance of an old custom; blind faith. l?ftr fin? [adh bIll, It:r fuw [adh bIla] n a dark hole; vagina; vulva. 2 illiteracy, ignorance. "adh bIla te kaQh-hu karte."-dev m 5. litJ 1lTtro [adh bicar] n blind or incomplete
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thought. "adhIa adh bicar."-var sar m 1. "ji:reT [adhra] n a blind person. See fr.r. ~ [adhrata], nfmJTT [adhratra] n night blindness, amaurosis. See ~r. nftRft [adhri] adj dark. "jese rat adhri."-BG nfm [adhla], nftrn1 [adhli] n a blind person, the blind. 2 adj ignorant, thoughtless. "~ldhri matI adhli."-suhi chat m 1. 2' Shravan's father and mother. "frr ~ [adh vartara], nfrr ~!T [adh vartava] n thoughtless behaviour. "adh vartava bhau duja."-scwa m 1. nfrr~ [adh vI~vas] Skt n blind faith; belief without reason. nfrrr [adha] blind and ignorant. Se,e nfr.:r. "adha agu je thie kw padhar jal).."-suhi chat m 1. "nanak hukam na bujhai adha kahif SOI." -var ram 1 m 2. "adhe ehI na akhicmr jIn mukhI 10 I l). nahI, adhe SOI nanka khdsamhu ghuthe jahI."-var ram 1 m 2. nfrrr (l:fij" [adha akhar] See ~ . nfrrr [adha kup] See nfrr . 2 stubborn and ignorant persons who do not let light from outside come inside. "manhu jI adhe kup kahra brrad na jal).ni."-var sar In 1. nfQr "lj'Q" [adha dhOdh] See nfrr tjrl". ~ [adhar] ignorance, See nft:IalQ. "pausat sarl).i lagu carl).i mIte dukh adhar."-sri m 5. ~ [adharjJ adj dark. 2 lacking kne wledge; ignorant. "deh ~dhari adh."~vad. chat m 5. nf~ [adhali] temporary blindess and giddiness because Of some defect in the stomach and the brain or because of d,ebiility. "ffl:mrra" [adhIar], "f~ [adhIara] n darkness. 2 ignorance. "nam mIlE canal). adhIar."-bIla m 1. "kIU karr nrrmal kru karr adhIara."-sIdh gosatI. ~ [adhIari] adj (feminine) dark. 2 n ignorance. "bIn satIguru adhIarL"-gujm 5. nft:ft [adhi] adj (feminine) blind, uneducated;
See ~ and nfrr. "adhi rayatI gIan VIhul).i." -var asa. "ftft ~o't [adhi kothi] n a dark cell. 2 an ignorant mind. "adhi kothi tera nam nah!." -asa m 1. 3 womb, mercy. ~ [adhulau], :I?fgw [adhula] adjdark, with or in darkness. 2 ignorant, devoid of knowledge. "adhulau dhadh kamai."-bher m 1. "bharamI bhulal).a adhula."-sri m 1. 3 intoxicated with pride. 4 n a blind man. "f~ [adhula] See nfyw. 2 adj smeared or stained with dirt. "matu bhasam adhule garab jahI."-basat a ill 1. nfit ~tf [adhe kup] See nfrr . "manhu jI adhe kup."-var sar m 1. "f-qQ' [adher], nf:la-QT [adhera] See nf'Q'WQ. "agIan adher bInas."-sukhmaili. 2 injustice. 3 ignorance. 4 adj being ignorant. 5 blind. "kotI pragas na dIse adhera."-ram m 5. 'In spite of countless lights, a blindman cannot see.' See fuR. ~ [adheri] See: ~. ~ ~ [adheri kothril n a cell in a prison which generally has no light. 2 womb. "fii [adh:l] See }>f'Q" and "f~. "adh:l bob mugadh gavar."-prabha m 1. 'mentally blind, enamoured fool, deaf to Guru's sermon.' nft:r:;rrQ [adhyar], l'l1i~ [adhyara] See >?ft:roRr. 2- igrrorance. "dukh drIdr adhyar ko nas." -saveye m 4 ke. "ta m-ItIa sagal adhyara." -sor m 1. l?fq [adhr] 3RJ n a hybrid caste of hunters and fowlers. 2 at country lying between Krishna and Gudawari rivers. It is now called Tilangana. 3 people of Andhra, originally independent, were conquered by Ashoka. After him they again became independent and progressed so much that their rule extended upto the western ghats where they began to
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"fq
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scriptures, this ceremony should be performed rule after deposing the' Kanav' dynasty.These when the child is six months old. Andhra kings, thirty in all, ruled for about 450 years and at last their rule ended around ~ [anmayko~] See 225 AD. The title of these kings was ,,:j1;T [ana] blind; devoid ofthinking, thoughtless. "ana bola kIChu nadan na avr."-majh am 3. Shatkarni, Pulmai IV being th~ir last king. >Mo [anI] with or by food. "dehuri calE paI).i })j'q ~ [adhr va~] See })j'q 3. anI."-S farid. Seef(')jf. "fo [an] See l?fo. n corn, grain, edible stuff. "an te rahta dukh dehi sahta."-prabha am 5. >ifo>,rr [anI a] other, another, some other, different. "jIh saman kahf lagE na ann." 2 vital air. "lagria pin an."-var maru 2 QakhI).e m 5. 3 some other. See f(')jf. "an -VN. nfQ [anu] See"fo. "anu nd khahI dehi dukhu marag taj-hu."-savE'ye m 4 ke. ~ [ansal], ~ [an~ala] n a community dijr."-ram am 1. kitchen; an alms house. "ghar ghar ansal ~ [anha] See nfq. 'lifo:;r [any] Skt})fOJf adj other, some other, another, karchaQa."-d I lip. different. 2 not one's own, stranger, alien. ~ lanka] n the earth, producer of grains. ~ [anyacl See l'>fotr. 2 goddess Anpurna. ~ [aI).kut] Skt ~ n a pile of food; a ~ [anyatr] Skt~ advsomewhere else, at some other place. 2 without. Hindu festival falling on the day following Divali. On this day devotees place food in front ~ [anyatha] See ~. of the deity, but religious books allow it to be ~ [anyay] See >lfc'j'j1Tljf. celebrated on any day between the moonless ~ [anyony] See ~. and full moon day of the month of Katak. ~ [anvay], ~ [anvE] See ~. l'>fotr [anac] Skt ~ adv others too; more ~ [anvIt] Skt 3Tf.=cRf adj included, enclosed. >is' lab] leaves of gram plant; chaff of only agam. leaves of gram plant. 2 SktYmj a mango plant ~ [anchetr] Skt a:rFIB'f n a place where the and fruit. 3 Skt ~ vr to go, make a sound. hungry get food; a free public kitchen. "fo3' [anat] Skt~ advsomewhere else; else 4 n a call, shout. 5 going. 6 father. 7 an eye. where. 8 water. 9 See >1fw and~. 10 See~. ~ [anatha] See ~. i1rRG [abasat], ~ [aba~th] Skt ~ n a ~ [andata] n a provider offood; a patron, mahaut of an elephant. 2 son of a Brahman guardian; nourisher. 2 adj a title of kings in father born to a Vaishya woman. 3 old name of central Punjab; Majha. "Ik abasat des Rajputana. nIrpala."-caritr 274. ~ [anpurI).a] Skt ~ n a Hindu goddess who fills the devotees' houses with food. Its l'>faor [abak] ~ n father. 2 copper. 3 an eye. "abak abuj me abu chae."-NP 'water (tears) famous temple is in Kashi and the festival for swelled in lotus like eyes.' worshipping it falls on the eighth of the bright half of the lunar month of Chet. nfaa'r [abka] See ~. "fo tpBO [an pra~an] Skt 3m "5I"NR n a Hindu ~ [abI).a] v to suffer from a disease (amay), custom of first feeding the new born baby by be sick. 2 to get tired, be fatigued. 3 to making it lick food. According to the religious stretch, be stiff.
m:r.
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~ [;'}bar] Skt ~ vr to gather; to accumulate.
2 Skt ~ n the sky, firmament. ";'}bar dharatI vIchopanu."-var ram 1 m 3. 31 brain, the tenth door; brain. ";'}bar kl1ja kurlia."-suhi m 1 kucaji 'The brain resounded with the sounds of water fowls.' 4 clothes, garments. "duhsasan ki sabha dropti, ;'}bar let ubariale." -mali namdev. 5 a perfume produced from the fat ofa whale. A ? 6 mica. 7 cotton. 8 Amber (Amer), an old town ofRaj putana, which prior to Jaipur was the capital of Kachhvaha Rajputs. See 'fiRr. 9 Some ignorant scribe has written ~ instead ofl)fifare" in Dasam Granth. "bhajat bhayo ;'}bar ki dara. "-cJdr. 'Tht: moon enjoyed sexual union with the wife ofAngiras (Brahaspati).' 10 P ./.1 tweezers, nippers, pincers. bhre" cjW [;'}bar kl1ja] See bhre" 3. bhre" ~ [;'}bar cur] n a scented paste made with perfume of whale's fat used by rich people to massage the body. bhre" 81? [;'}bar bel] See ~ and fHo ~. "jaaifi?(!i [;'}braur:la] v to convey, deliver. "jIn jiu dia so njak JbravE."-suhi ravrdas. ~ [;'}brai] See l?1'aa i fi?(!i. 2 n l?f)~, a line of mango trees; a mango grove. hRit [;'}bri] adj related to the sky. See 2 n unirrigated Iland relying only on rainfall. ~ [;,}bti] P 1/.)6- adj smelling like the perfillme of whale-fat and black in colour. ~ [abris], ~ [abrik], l'lhRi'h:r [abrikh] Skt ~ n a hearth for parching grain. 2 a trough used for parching grain. 3 Vishnu. 4 the Sun. 5 Shiv. 6 a battle, war. 7 according to Valmik's Ramayan, son ofSuryvanshi king Prashusharuk, who was Ikshaku's descendant in the 28 th generation. I To protect him,
llrna-.
lIn Bhagvat Ambarish is mentioned as son of Nabhag, See chapter 9, item 4-5, Mahabharat also confirms Bhagavat.
Vishnu's Sudarshan Chakar chased sage Durvasa whose story is as follows: On 12th ofKartik, king Ambrik was ready to break his fast on the eleventh day, when sage Durvasa arrived. The king invited him also to eat but th,e latter said that he would first take a bath. The king waited a long while but Durvasa did not return. On the advice of his priest, the king then broke his fast. Durvasa on return got very angry. He pulled a tuft of his hair with which he created a smart person who started beating the king. Vishnu sent his Sudarshan Chakar to protect the king which killed the smart person and chased Durvasa who ran for his liife but did not receive any refuge in the world. Tired at last, he sought refuge with Ambrik himself who saved him from the Sudarshan Chakar. 2 Another story in Ling Puran is that Narad and sage Parvat, on seeing the beauty of Sundari, Ambarik"s daughter, fell in love with her and approached the king for her hand. The king replied that he would marry his daughter to a person of her liking. Both of them then went separately to Vishnu, each asking the god to turn the other into a monkey so that the princess might not marry him. The god granted their request. So both of them became monkey-faced and neither could get the princess. They cursed-Ambrik that he would remain enveloped in darkness. Vishnu in order to protect his devotee Ambrik shot his Sudarshan Chakar which produced light like that of the sun and dispelled darkness. It then chased the two sages, Narad and Parvat, who sought forgiveness from Ambrik, which was granted. It was only then that they found peace. "abrik kau dio abhE pad."-maru namdev. "janyo bhagat bhup abris."-GPs.
2See Bhai Gurdas Var 10, pauri 4.
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288 [abva] adj of the colour of a mango; of the colour of mango juice. "abva rag badhe." -krrsan. ~ [abarna] v to reach; to arrive at. "brn beri parr na abrE."-vac;l ill 1.2 to be equal to; to achieve similarity. "rkatu tol na abra." -suhi ill 1 kucaji. "amli amal na abrE."-vac;l ill 1. 'For an addict nothing equals the drug he is addicted to.' ~ [aba] Skt ~ n mother. "abu lIye aba ag dhoe."-NP 2 Durga. 3 elder daughter of Kashi's king Indardyuman whom Bhishampitamah snatched away for his brother Vichitarviray. But she wanted to marry Shalv. Learning about this, Bhisham sent her to Shalv, but he did not accept her. Disappointed, she worshipped Shiv, and during her next birth she as Shikhandi became the means to kill Bhisham in the battle of Mahabharat. ~ [abakri], ~ [abakhri] n a shrivelled piece of a raw mango. 2 a small raw mango. "abakpa je khae."-BG ~ [abar] P .Jyl a heap, stack, rick. 2 a pit, pond. ~ [abari] P <.5.1(;1 n a canopied howdah. A
(j'N See~.
~
[abala] Skt fTl:fT('){if (house of mangoes). n a city in between Ludhiana and Kamal where there used to be many mango gardens in the past. Now it is the headquarters of a district as well as a commissionary and cantonment. A railway line to Kalka and Simla branches off from here. It has the following gurdwaras: (1) Guru Gobind Singh's gurdwara on the bank ofLabbhu's tank northwest of the town. It has a small nice building with residential quarters close by. A piece of land has been donated to it by Sardar Gurbakhsh Singh. Free
kitchen is provided by local Sikhs; accommodation for the stay often visitors is also arranged. The priest is an Akali Sikh. The railway station is about half a mile northeast of the town. (2) The gurdwara of Guru Gobind Singh is in the house ofa priest, Bhai Sundar Singh, in Dhumi Gujjar Bazar. Guru Granth is placed for recitation regularly on manji sahib (a cot) in the roofed part of the house. The Guru arrived here during a visit from Lakhnaur for sight-seeing and stayed here for three days. The place is half a mile east of Ambala city railway station. (3) A sacred spot in the name of Guru Gobind Singh and called Manji Sahib is there in the fields south ofthe main courts, southeast of the city. The Guru came here while on a visit from Lakhnaur. The building of Manji Sahib is crumbling in the absence of a caretaker. The place is half a mile southwest of Ambala city railway station. (4) Out of Sapatu Gate opposite the charitable home for stray cows is the Gurdwara of Guru Har Krishan who stayed here while on his way to Delhi. It has a small building with a Singh acting as the priest, and possesses ten bighas of land. It is connected with Ambala city railway station by about one mile of metalled road in the east of the city. (5) Guru Teg Bahadur's gurdwara is near Tabakkal Shah's mosque in Kainth Majari. The Sikh carrying the head of the Guru from Delhi had stayed here a while. Now an impressive gurdwara has come up about one mile east of the city railway station. ~ [abalrka] Skt 3l+<Sl1k1ifll n mother. "kr abalrka chE."-datt. 2 daughter of Raja Indar dayuman of Kashi, younger sister of Amba
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nfgH [abujl Skt 31~ n a lotus, which is born from water. See nh:icx. 2 a stork. 3 the moon. 4 camphor. 5 a c:onchshell. 6 a tree.-sanama. >i~;:ro't [abujni] Skt n the earth (born from water. )-sanama. ~;:r ~ [abuj bhu], ~ [abujasan] Skt n Brahma, who was born from a lotus and has his seat on it. ~ [abud] Skt 3T~ n a cloud, which yields water. 2 adjwho provides water. ~ [abudaj] n water bearing cloud; cloud from which comes water.-scmama. })j'~H'Qa [abudjadhar] n a holder of water, a tank, reservoir. 2 the sea, ocean.-sanama. ~ yo [abud dhun] adj one who roars like a cloud. 2 n Meghnad, son of Ravan, who thundered like a c1oud.-sanama. -c{}c;Ii 2. >i~ [abudni] n earth the giver of water. liftrw [abIya] n a raw mango. 2 See }mftrr. -sanama. :Z a line of clouds. 3 a stream, river. ~ [abudh], nfgfq [abudhI], ~ [abun3 adj of the colour of a mango. hit [abi] n a small and raw mango. 2 Skt ~ ath], ~ [abumdhI], ~ [abupatI] n a sea; ocean as treasure of water; holder of n mother. 3 a noble woman. water; master ofwater. 2 Varun, is also named ~ labial A h-f' n plural of fiSt. "jIte ;,lia abia hOI bite."-VN. 2 twenty first chapter of Ambunath and Ambupati. the Qtiran wherein the caliphs are described. ~ [aburuh] Skt n a lotus, born from water. ~ [abuva] ad} of a mango. 2 mango-like. 3See~. hit ~ [abi chav], nhft ~ [abi chavri] n 3 of yellow colour, colour of mango juice. perennial happiness; shade of mango trees See~. remains constant because they do not ~ [abuhl See ~. defoliate. "jIni sakhi sahu raVIa se abi n?ira" faberlaId capital ofRajputs ofKachhavaha clan in Rajputana. It has the temple of chavrieh jio."-suhi m 1 kucji. ~ [abir] See iHta". 2 See ~r. "gulab abir Ambkeshvar Mahadev, due to which it came gulal uqai."-krrscm 3 P d' filling with dry to be called Amber. Some people surmise that this name came from King Ambrish. So the or wet earth. ~ [abu] Skt~ n water. "osu agE pIchE qhoi city was called Ambrishnagar. 1 It is seven nahi jIsu adan nfda muhI abu paJ:a."-var miles northeast ofJaipur railway station. Here gau 1 ill 4. 'His heart is full of malice and the Jaygarh fort, situated on a 500 feet high mouth overflows with water.' meaning that hill, is worth seeing. Beautiful mansions of the mouth waters because of greed. 2 a child. Raja Man Singh and Raja Jay Singh Mirza I See hl<fu:r. ~ [abuk] Skt n a red castor. 2 See >?faa".
whom Bhisham Pitamah had forcibly brought for his brother Vichitarviray. After the death ofVichitarviray, Vyas had sexual contact with her to procreate Pandav whose progeny were the Pandavs. ~ [abI] on the mango tree. "koII hova abI basa."-gau m 1. ~ [abIka] Skt ~ n the middle dauglhter of Indardyuman, king of Kashi, was the real sister of Amba and Ambalika. Bhisham had snatched, brought her to be married to his brother Vichitarviray. On her becoming a widow, the sage Vyas entered into IlIYOg (cohabilation without marrige) and produced Dhritrashtar who became the father of Duryodhan and other Kauravs. 2: mother. 3 Durga. "nama hfgula pfgulla abIkaya."
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may be seen at Amber. In 1728 AD Maharaja Jay Singh Savai founded a new city Jaypur and made it his capital. Now the state itself is named Jaypur (Jaipur). Amber is now named Amber and Amer also. "mertes aberpatI amIt sn 1 sath."-carrtr 52. ~ 'i'i"'EI' [aber nath], ~ trf3" [aber patI], ~ [aberadhii?] King ofAmber, Maharaja of present Jaipur, See~. "fflu [aboh] P ~i' n a group, crowd, assemblage, multitude. 2 a heap, hoard, pile, dump. ~ [abrIt] See~. "kahI mathura abrIt bayal,l."-saveye m 5 ke. 2 Skl3l adjwithout obstruction, unhindered. 3 without hitch, unbroken. "abrrt dharme."-japu. ~ ;m [abrIt jal] See ~ ffi? ~ [abh] Skl31"Pl1 vr to make a sound. 2 SkI ~ n water. "kac gagria abh majhria."-asa m 5. "kiJbh jal mahI <;larIo abh abh mIlo." -sar m 5. 3 god. 4 forefather. ~ [abhri] n a stream, river. 2 rivers like Ganga, Yamuna, etc.-sanama. "f~ [abhula] n water. See "f~. "nam tero abhula nam tero cadno."-dhana ravidas. i\rn' [abhoj] SkI ~ n born from water, a lotus. ~ [abhod] SkI ~ n giver of water, a cloud. "f~t:Jij" [abhodhar], "f~fu [abodhI] SkI n a holder of water, cloud. 2 a sea, ocean. ~ [abhoruh] SkI n born (2U) from water (~), a lotus. 2 a crane. 3 adj water born. "flf [am] A (I n mother. "am abe thavhu mIthra."-sri m 5 pepaI. See far. "f~ [amrik] See "fmftcf. "amrik prahlad saral,l gobfd."-saveye m 3 ke. ~ [amarna] v to reach, arrive. "rah dasai na jula akha amrias."-vaq m 1. ii-r:ft [amri] See ~. 2 n mother.
l?fHr lama] SkI 31l'<SIT A (I mother.

~ ramal] A JLfl n plural of~. action,
conduct. [amaH] hft-~ best friend (feminine) "mer atarr bhukh na utr, amali."~vac;l m 5. 2 because of actions, that is, because of worldly occupations. "amaH hau khari sucaji t sahI ek na bhava."-vaq m 1. I am fairly efficient in worldly affairs but 0 God! none of these, is to your liking. ~ [amavas], ~ [amavasI] new moon night. See ~ . "amavaSI mahI as nIvarau."-gau thIti kabir. ~ [amaval,l] adjbeyond capacity, infinite, countless. "map kucaji amaval,l <;losre."-suhi m 1 kucaji. ~ [amuha] See~. "mata bhsa amuha aI."-gau kabir. 'Intoxicated bull (that is mind) gets uncontrolled.' ~ [amrat] See ~. l'>i1:r3t [amrati] See ffi:r3t. "ffi:l:3" [amrrt] See l>ff!j3". 2 n butter. "tab mathi, In bIdhI amrrt pavhu."-suhi m 1. 3 milk. "SOIn katori amrrt bhari."-bher namdev. 4 adjwithout death, immortal. "harI amrIt sajal,l mera."-suhi chat m 5. 5 sweet. "gurumukh amrIt bal,li bolhI."-sri a m 3. ~mre [amrIt sabad] n Guru's composition or discourse. 2 Guru's sermon or advice. "amrrt sabad piVE jan kor."-asa m 5. ~ [amrItsar], ~ [amrItsaru] See ~. 2 a holy congregation; a community of holy men. "amrrtsaru sIphti da gharu." 3 a sacred tank of liberation. "satIguru hE amrItsar saca."-majh a m 3. 4 selfknowledge. 5 embodiment of self. "kaIa adarI amrItsar saca."-maru solhe m 3. ffi;ro' ~ [amrrt katha] n it nectar of spiritual discourse. 2 a discourse leading to salvation. 3 a talk about God. "amrrt katha sat sap
~
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sunua."-bavan.
n a spiritual gllance, compassionate attention. "amnt dnsatI pekhE hUI sat."-sukhmani. ~ [amntdhar], ~ [amntdhara] a flow or current of nectar. 2 a shower of Guru's words and His name. "jhImI jlumI barsE amntdhara."-majh m 5. 3 according to Vag, essence of belief dripping from the brain. "amnt dhar gagan das duan."-gau
m 1.
l'l16;!3'~ [amnt dnsatI]
~tl"ID [amntdhari] a discourse about God
flowing like a current ofnectar. "hamari pnri amnt dhari."-asa m 5. 2 one who has taken nectar of the double edged sword. ~ Gl') [amnt phall the fruit of liberation; spiritual knowledge. "bIn guru mahII na japai
na amnt phal pahI."-sri m 3. See 1'>ffl:r3" GPS. mro [amnt bae<m] n sweet utterances. "amnt bacan satIguru ki baI).i."-guj m 4. 2 Guru's utterance. ~ W [amnt vela] See l'>ffi:ra" W. "amnt vela sacu nau vaQIai vicaru."-japu. ~ [amnti] n a glutinous food made of flour, milk and sugar. 2 a sweetmeat like a jalebi, circular in shape. "amritia khurme su bare bar ghevar set sIta bahu pae."-NP ~ [amntu] See rfi;r3". "amntu han ka nau."-suhi m 1. [amrik] See 1?hRflor. "jyo amrik bhagat QhIg ayo."-NP ~ [amret] See }~. 2 like nectar. 3 SkI ~ adj deathless, immortal. "pan sadhu sag han han amret."-bIla m 5.
~
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[ip] third letter, a vowel ofPunjabi script, used innocence. "re man! Esi karhI Ianath."-maru to form matras fu [I], -et [i], "" [E]. 2 See fu. m 5. "meri bahut Ianap jarat."-dev m 5. fu [I] Skt~ vr to rise, appear, run, go, become "Ianap te sabh bhai sIanap."-brla m 5. more, accept. 2 n Kamdev; Cupid. 3 favour, 2 childhood, childishness. compassion. 4 part expressing surprise. 5 In ~ [Ianra], funrrcr;;ft [Ianri] adj innocent, Punjabi fu [I] is also used in place of"" k] as ignorant. (ra and pas suffixes mean possessors). ~[ja!).aI] for~ [ja!).E], ~ [ma!).aI] for 2 young. 3 who does not know how to please his ~ [rna!).] etc. "prem rasu ape ja!).aI." master. "Ianrie! manra kaI karehI?"-trlJ m 1. -savEyem 4 ke. 'He himself knows.' fuwor [Iana] See ~. 'fu1t [IO], ~ [IG] Skt"q:ct adv like this, in ~ [Ialikala] a village in tehsil and this manner. "nanak kahE sIa!).Ie! IU kat district Ludhiana, about one mile north-east mIlava hOI."-var suhi m 2.2 more like this, of railway station Baddoval. thus some other. It has a gurdwara named after Guru 'fu1t tit [IO hi], fu tit [IO hi] adv like this, in Hargobind who had blessed the village with this way, by this method. 2 in vain, fruitless. his visit. It is in an old building looked after "tarnapo IU hi gaIo."-s m 9. by an Udasi sadhu. The gurdwara possesses 80 bighas of land donated by the villagers. ~ [Iatbar] A .J~f 11 idea ofunderstanding. 2 certainty, surety. 3 acceptance of advice. fufilT [Iag] adj having beautiful limbs (or fu>w [Ia] SktYiffi pran this. "pun Ia ausar carE body) like those (that) of fE (Cupid); na hatha."-bawm 2 this. See fi:F:r. "Ia sukh possessing a beautiful body. "Iagsat."-gyan. fuR [IS] pran this, it. It is an inflexional form te bhIkhIa bhali."-s kabir. 3 part or. ~ [Iahu] this very, only this. "Iahu jugatI of fEU. "tab IS kau sukh nahi koI." bIhane kai janam."-sukhmani. -sukhmani. 2 SkI -{m n a king. "tIya Isa, ~ [Ia!).] adjignorant, innocent. 211 a child. gahyo kIsa."-ramav. 'King Ravan's wife, ~ [Ia!).ap] n ignorance, innocence. Mandodari was caught by oflH (monkeys).' 2 childhood. 'fuJ:rJror [Is-hak] See F~8dj<J1H. ~ [Ial).a] adj ignorant, devoid of know- fuRq [Isak] A ~ n fondness, love. "Isak ledge. "hOI Ial).a kare kamu al).I na sakE muhabatI nanka, lekha karte pasI."-var rasI."-var asa m 2. 2 n a child. 3 teetotaller. maru 1 m 1. "pita phull Ial).i ghuman surme."-cJc;li 3. ~ [Iskat] A 1,(;...1 n act of H~$ (felling), 'The brave ones swayed as did the teetotaller aborting, toppling. 2 abortion. after drinking distilled opium.' See WCli 3. fuRc [Isat] Skt f~ a religious task.! re>woer [Ianath], ~ [Iamp] n ignorance, 'See atrI SIffirItI ~ 44.
E
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2 worshipable God. 3 a friend. 4 adj desired, wanted. 5 worshipped. 6 beloved. "Isat mit aru bhai."-jEt m 5. ~ [Isatka] See fEz. fuRc ~ [Isat dey] Skt ~ ~ 11 wOl1thy of worship according to one's religion. For the Sikhs it is God, the Creator. 2 tutelary god of a clan. fuRc Hl3' [Isa~ mit] adj desired friend, dear friend. See fu"Rc 6. ~fu [IstapattI] Skt ~crqITr n'~ (desired)>>fl1.ff3"(gain); finding a desired point in the opponent's speech or action, desired success. "t:) bhi IStapatI ham jova."--GPs. 2 profit, gain. ful:rc!H [I starn] See fFlCTH. fuRit [ISti] adj having a deity, or patron saint. 2 one who realises or actuates a charm. "kahyo kI Isti hi baQa taman karat banaI." -NP 3 Skt ~ 11 an oblation; a religious sacrifice. 4 desire, wish. Fead(Jld [If;itahar] A 11 publicity, public notice; an announcement. reRdasiM [Istakball A J~! 11 a welcome; a reception; going forward to receive as a mark of respect or honour. ~ [Isatdua] A lo;yl 11 an expression of desire. 2 a prayer, supplication, request. fuR3Ha'ra" [Isatmrar] A .If/'! 11 fiml11ess, resoluteness. 2 continuity. 3 without change. fuR" 3W [IS tara] adv like this, in this manner. feRdie(') [I stadan] P t,:J) t:-! v to stand. 2 to halt. feRdie' [Istada] P nt:-! adj standing. ~ [IstamaI]A Jp! being or putting in use; use. feRfd~qliql [IstIhakak] A J~! an entitkment. feRfddl'R' [IstIgasa] A .: l4-! a request: petition to the ruler for obtaining justice; an appeal. feRfaRi [Istfja] A lfr'! 11 cleansing of a drain. 2 cleansing the excretory organs with earth
.Itt!
or water after easing or pissing. According to the Islamic texts one does not remain fit to perform a namaz if the body or cloth is soiled by urine. Therefore the wetness left after urination should be sucked clean with a piece of stone or hard earth. ~ [IstImarar] See ~. feafdGl'l!! [If;itIyak]A JPI 11 fondness. 2 wish, desire. 3 love. feRfdM'(J [IstIIah] A L,-LU-l consultation. 2 a technical term, or phrase, having a special meaning, such as 'deg teg' (literally kettle and sword) meaning feeding and destruction of enemies to continue, as the goal of the Khalsa. See l::f"(\)R" -e- ~. ~ [Istnj] n menses, menstrual discharge -sanama. 2 metaphorically, red sea. ~ [Istri] 11 a smoothing iron press, used by tailors and washermen. 2 SktF{t a woman. 3 wife. "Istri ta]i kan kam vIap;a."-maru d m 1. See 'i'JT'6t. ~T [Istri jatI] four types of women according to Kamshastar. See Fffi:Io't, tJPi301, ~ and ~'>'t and lJ21'I" nrf'3". feR~ftld [IstrijIt] adjconquered by a woman, i.e. uxorious. ~ r.ro [istri dhan] 11 dowrY,ornaments and cash which a bride gets from her father or the groom at t11e time of marriage. Katyayan and Manu have referred to six types: (l) money in cash and kind given at the time of marriage. (2) goods given at the time of departure after her second visit to her in-laws. (3) pelf given by the husband Ito please his wife. (4) money and objects given by her brothers. (5) material things given by her mother and (6) gifts given on different occasions by her father. See manu SImntI Ch 9, .~ 194. ~ 'ijTMT [Istri raja] 11 Mohini Avtar.-ddsam grath.
rn
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4 Prophet Muhammad named his faith Islam, fuJ:ro1o [Isnan] Skt FrR n cleansing the body. followers of which are called Muslim or 2 bathing. A bath has been accepted by Musalman. The five principles ofIslam are: scholars as the basis of good health and (a) believing in one God. deliverance from disease, and subtly (b) praying five times a day. considered, bathing also enhances spiritual (c) giving 'zakat' (one fourteenth part of cleanliness and mental peace. The praise of earnings in charity). bath in Sikhism is universally acclaimed, but (d) observing fasts during the month of Ramzan; the Gurus have not considered cleansing the and body without cleanliness of the mind as (e) going on pilgrimage to kaaba in Mecca. Besides these rules, one who has faith in helpful for spiritual well being. "kan Isnan sIman prabhu apna tan man bhae aroga." prophet Muhammad, God's messengers, the -sor m 5. For a better understanding. See (')TIf angels, the revealed book Quran, the last day -ero fuJ::J?>ro. of judgment and in Allah is a Muslim or In the modern times, many incurable "mom In" ~y' (a believer). diseases are treated with special baths like fumrH J:If [Islam xa] son of Shaffi Khan, one sun bath, steam bath, mud bath, or bath with of the maulavis (Muslim priests) of Kabul, medicated water. was subedar of Lahore during the reign of FeROi(')l [ISnani] SktFllf.1~adjwho has a bath. Bahadur Shah. When the Sikhs ofMajha rose 2 who remains clean by habit. under Banda Bahadur, Islam Khan at first fi!1:IorQ [Isnanu] See fuFroro. "Isnanu karhI remained quiet in Lahore, but when Muslim dInu rati."-majh d m 3. religious teachers raised the Haidri banner, fuJ:rlP3' [ISpat] See ~. he too willy-nilly sent troops to fight against fi!HH [Isam] A (! n a name. 2 a name of God, the Sikhs but got defeated in the month of See 3FI'8t. Savan of Sammat 1767. He died in Lahore ~ [ISmail] See FeS~l'i:JlH. in 1768. Some writers have mentioned him ~ [I~rat] A.::.-/' leading a luxurious life. as Aslam Khan or Muslim Khan. fumrH -e- ~ [Islam de fIrke] According 2 the act of living together. to Hadis Tirmazi, prophet Muhammad had reHdlell'S [Israil] A adj chosen (fuFror) of (~) God. In Hebrew this word also means opined that while the Jews had seventy two a true friend of God. 2 n This is another name clans, his followers would have seventy three, and all but one would go to hell. Asked to of Jacob, the first initiator of Israel i dynasty. clarify, he said. "Those who follow me and See Fesd1cllH and ~. reHdlH~ [Israstra] See "';elfnHr.:rd'rt:lH=~. my companions will go to heaven." Sunni Muslims claim that they are the ones thus reHd'.iil'S [Israfil] See :GfuF.r3r. blessed by the Prophet. ~ [ISrar] n insistence. See ~. Besides the Sunn is, Islam has seventy two FfHl'S'u [ISlah] A [,11<'1 n emendation, sects divided into the following eight groups: correction. (a) Muatzilah (b) Shia (c) Khavarij (d) fum?tH [Islam] A (LVI n renunciation. 2 bowing the head. 3 accepting the will of God. Murjiyah (e) Najjariyah (f) Jabriyah
fuJ::rfERr [IsthIr] Skt f'J:'Era" adj firm, steady.
Jf,/!
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(g) Qadariyah and (h) Mushabbih. (a) Per detail Muatzilah .J sect was founded by Vasil Bin Atta during the second century Hijri. He was born in MadLla in 80 Hijri and died in 131. Muatzilah means one who stands aside. So Vasil parted from Imam ofBasri and set up this separate sect, but this sect was further divided into these sub-sects: (2) Vasiliyah ~IJ holds that man iis free to act: God only exists but has no qualities. (3) Amriyah -:/ was founded by Amar Bin Abid. (4) Huzailiyah~; was founded by Abu Huzail. It believes that God has flixt:d the moment of death separately for each individual. (5) Nazzamiyah <Uz,- was floated by Ibrahim Bin Sayyar Nazam. (6) Asvariyah -:.JIYI was led by Abu Ali Vmar Bin Abdullah Qayad Asvari. (7) Iskafiyah ..1 ~I was founded by Abu Jafar Muhammad Iban Abdullah Iskafi. According to it, God is not strict with wise men. (8) Jafaryah -:JY. headed by Jafar Bin Mubbashir thinks that drinking is not punishable, but a thief loses his religion. (9) Bishriyah -:;. was founded by Bishar Bin Muatmir. (10) Mizvariyah -:.J1J~ was founded by Abu Musa Mizvar. (11) Hishamiyah,.,..t>. founded by Hisham Bin Amar does not believe in the miracles by the prophets. (12) Habittiyah ,;b; l.> was founded by Ahmad Bin Habit. This sect like the Christians, believes that Christ was the son of God. (13) Hadsiyah "';-",was founded by Fazal Hadsi. Its followers believe in transmigration. (14) Salihiyah jl,.., consists of the
followers of Sahib Bin Vmar. They believe that man is the doer of good and bad deeds; God has nothing to do with it. (15) Mamriyah -:/, started by Muamar' BinAbad Salmi., believes that God's qualities should be inhere in man. (16) Samamiyah <0 has followers of Shamam Bin Ashras Namiri, who believe that atheists will not receive any punishment on the Dooms Day. (17) Xayyatiiyah .-d'!f, founded by Abul Hussain Bin Abi Vmar Khayat believes that man is free in hlis actions. (18) Jahiziyah ~ is a sect founded by Abu Vmran Jahiz who died in 255 Hijri. (19) Kabiyah,..pJ of Abul Qasim Kaabi believe that God has no volition, yet many acts undesired by Him do take place. (20) Jabaiyah -:ft? was founded by Abu Ali Muhammad Bin Abdul Wahab Jabai, who died in 303 Hijri. (21) Buhashmiyah ~ comprises the followers ofAbu Hasim Abdul Salam, son of Abu Ali Jabai. (b) Shias..;>Ai' believe Imam Ali to be the true successor of Prophet Muhammad. Other Imams were all self-proclaimed leaders. The chief proponent of this sect was Abdulah Bin Sabba who believed that prophet Ali did not die and would again return to this world. Shias are further divided into several sub-sects: (2) Kamliyahs ~ ( are the followers ofAbu KamiI, who regard three companions of Muhammad as atheists. They believe in transmigration and in the existence of God's soul in the prophets. (3) Mugiriyah -: ~ is the sect ofMugiriah Bin Said Izli. Like the Hindus, they hold that a God like Vishnu possesses a particular form. (4) Bananiyah ~l:; followers of Banan Bin
~-
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Samaan do not accept any difference between God and Ali. (5) Janahiyah.-;;l>. followers of Abdulah Bin Muaviah (who believed himselfto possess God's soul) do not believe in the Doomsday (6) Mansuriah :.J ~ were floated by Abu Mansoor Izal i. (7) Xattabiyah ~lk; believe in Abdul Khatab who held that a lineage of divine messengers comprised the progeny of Ali. (8) Kaisaniyah, a slave of prophet Ali, founded his own sect Kaisaniyah ~L!in 64 Hijri. (9) Muxtariyah :.Jri is a sect introduced by Mukhtar Bin Abu Abdulah who fought a fierce battle in 66 Hijri to avenge the death ofImam Hussain and put an end to his killers. He initiated the custom of taking out processions of tajias (models of Hussains tomb) during the month of Muhharam. (10) Kuraibiyah are followers ofAbu Kuraib Zarir. (11) Is-hakiyah ;j~! is a sect that follows the tenets of Is-haq Bin Umar. (12) Harbiyah ~.7 is the sect started by Abdulah Bin Harab. (13) Ismailiyah dtlr-! are followers of Imam Jafar Sadiq. (14) Kiramatah Jz,.lj sect was set up by Hamdan Kirmat in 264 Hijri. (15) Musuviyah :Y': is the sect founded by Imam Musa Kazim. (16) Mahadviyah :'- sect was founded by Ubaidulah who proclaimed himself the Imam Mahadi. (17) Zaidiyah :~; comprised those who claimed Zaid, grandson of Imam Hussain, as their prophet. In Hijri 121 Zaid fought against Hasham and became a martyr. (18) Isna-ashariyah :/~!, also called Imamiyah, believe in the last Imam Muhammad Mahadi. Born in 255 Hijri he, per their belief is still living in cognito and will reappear on the day of Judgement. (19) Hasaniyah ~ sect was established in 195 Hijri. (20) Nuamaniyah ~vi comprises followers of Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Nuaman. Sunis call them Shataniyah. It was established in 113 Hijri. (21) Badaiyah ~1-1' ('bad' means new discovery.) This sect is fond of new discoveries. Its believers hold that even God may, on discovering new truth, repent over the past be I iefs. (22) Hakmiyah.-.f' sect has followers of Hasham Bin Hakam Kindi, who visualise God as possessing a silvery bright body. (23) Mukaniyah ~ sect was started by Iban Muqanna in 278 Hijri. The followers of this sect accept their leader as God incarnate. (24) Nasiriyah:;:!J followers of Muhammad Bin Nasir Fahri, believe that God had entered the body of Hazrat Ali. (c) Khavarij /:;J,j sect is also known as Kharjiyah, Navasiv and Nasibiyah. While prophet Ali was fighting a battle againstAmir Mauviyah, some people who separated from him started this sect. It further split into several branches: (2) Muhakkimah.Ji was founded by Abdulah Bin Wahab. It does not believe that an Imam (religious head) must be from the Quraish dynasty. Its members believe that sins not only proclaim a sinner as a fallen man but also turn him into an atheist. (3) Baihsiyah~ is the sect of the followers of Baihas Bin Haisam. (4) Azarkah J.JI)I followers of Rabbi Rashid Nafir Bin Azaraq. They consider
:::=;-
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Hazrat Ali a non-believer (un islamic). (5) Najdat -=-1.1{ are followers of Najda Bin Aamir. sect was founded by (6) Asfariyah Ziad Bin Asfar. (7) Abaziyah ~~l was started by Abdulah Bin Abaz. (d) Murjiyah -?- / is the sect of Hasan Bin Balal Muzani who believed that he who has faith in God and His prophet shall not be questioned by God for anything. Its sub-sects are: (2) Yunsiyah .d i are followers ofYunas Bin Umar Namiri. (3)Ubaidiyah:~ arefollowersofUbaid Mukazib who visualize God in human form. (4) Gassaniyah -;it;..<' disciples of Gassan Bin Iman Kufi, who do not accept ChrJist to be a prophet. are followers of (5) Saumaniyah -;i~; Sauban. (6) Saumniyah ~j are followers of Abu Muaz Saumani. (7) Muraisiyah -:r'-/ are disciples ofBishar Bin Giasa Muraisi. (8) Gilaniyah -;iii discriples follow Marvan Bin Gilan. (9) Shabibyah ~ is a sect of Muhammad Bin Shabib. (10) Shimriyah : / sect was founded by Abu Shimar. (e) Najjariyah:.11f sect was founded by Husain Bin Muhammad Bin Abdulah Najjar. The rules of this sect about the Caliphate are similar to those of the Sunnis. Its branches are:(2) Bargusiyah ,.; j ~ are followers of Muhammad Bin Isa Bargus. (3) Zafaraniyah -;iljf'J sect believes that God's utterance is different from God's
:r'
person. (4) Mustadrikah f.1~ sect also takes God's words as something created and not immanent like the Veds of the Hindus. (f) Jabriyah : p sect believes that man is helpless in doing good or bad deeds. These deeds are done only by divine inspiration. Its forms are: (2) Jahmiyah ~ are followers of Jaham Bin Safvan. (3) Bakriyah ~~ j.'sect of Bakar Bin Ukhat who treat onions and garlic as forbidden. (4) Zirariyah ~~ .11? followers of Zarar Bin Umar believe that God will be seen in person on the day of Judgement but not with these eyes; eyes to see God would be different. (g) Kadriyah :.1; is a sect started by Muabid Bin KhalaJahni. Its followers believe that man himself does good and bad deeds. God does not interfere in them. Muabid preached his views mostly at Basra and in 80 Hijri the governor of Basra crucified him on the cross. (h) Mushabbih .." sect believes that like man God sees, speaks and hears. It is because of this likeness that the sect got this name meaning 'resemblance.' ~ [Islok] Skt 1iC'fTCfi n verse, metre. 2 sentence, foot, line. "arath bIn Islok." -pnthu. 3 adv in this world, here. fuwa3- [I~arat], fi:~ [I~ara] A ':;"'.1~! ~.1~! n a signal, an indication. 2 a maxim. fm:r [ISU] See .~. "ISU dharti mahI teri sIkdari."-asa m 5. fi;Jl [ISO] adj like this, resembling this. "ISO prabhu, t kIh kaj kaho bIsrayo?"~savEye33. fuJ:i' [IS;:')] See AA. 2 See fEJ:r. fu'J1 [I~t] See funG". ~T('j" [Isnan], ~ [Isnanu] See~. "Isnanu karhI parbhatI sudh manI."
>
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-saveye m 4 ke. ~ [Isvaraj] See~. fuu [Ih]pran this. "Ih ausar te cukIa."-bIla m 5. 2 adv here, at this place, in this world. "parval) gal)i sei Ih ae."-suhi m 5. "jau kahhu mukh-hu sevak, Ih besie."-sar m 5. 'Sit here.' 3 indicating the proximity ofan object. 4 n the world. ~ [Ihsan] A (;}L.:>I n a favour; an obligation, a good turn. ~ [IhtIaj] A (;,~! n need, necessity. This word is derived from (J'R3" "fuuftrnrH [IhtImam] A (lJ.;'!! n an effort, arrangement, effort, management. ~ [IhtImal] A Ji?! n a thought, concern, idea. re\lfdGf'i;S [IhtIyat] A .b~! n care, precaution. 2 encirclement. fuu fufu [rh brdhr] advthus, in this way, in this manner. "rh brdhr nanak harr nel) alor."-toc;li m 5. 2 See fufu: fuut" [rha]'adv here, at this place. 2 pran this (thing) only this. "rha kamani ritr."-dhana m5. 3 SeeW. ~ [rhamutr] Skt n futr-~,this and the coming one; this and the future world; here and the hereafter. 2 adv here and there. futit [rhi] the suffix [i] indicates determination and only this; only thisfthing). "rhihamare saphal kaj."-mali m 5. "rhi tera ausar rh teri bar."-bher kabir. fe1r [rhu] See ~. "rhu rag kade na utr." -bIla m 3. fucr [rk] Skt Eor adj one. See P ...{. 2 alone. 3 unique, matchless. 4 n God. "rk dekhra rk manra."-var gau 1 m 4. 5 pran anyone, any. ~ [rkau] ~ suffixed to fucr. meaning only one, or one alone. fucr })ftT [rk adh], fucr rg [rk adhu]f fEq l')fTl:l [rk adh]pran some one, anyone, a rare one.
reaa-
"kabir esa ek adh."-s. See ~ fq. fucr ~ [rk rko], fucr Eqr [rk eka] adj free from duality, unique. "nahr bujh-hr rk eka."-bher m 1. fuwr [rkas] only one; one only. "rkas ka manr asra."-sri m 5. fucmo [rksath] adj sixty-one. rectRael [rksabdi] n an anchorite who gives only one call for alms and passes on to the next door without calling again: "hari narayal)", "$rv $rv", "alakh" etc. "rk sabdi bahu rupr avdhuta."-sri a m 5. 2 a monotheist. 3 See fucr 1J1:fc'i9". fucr mr [rk sar] adj equal, constant, uniform. "rk sar dukh para."-suhi kabir. fucr wur [rk saha] adj who talks continuously without a pause. 2 not recovering breath whi Ie talking. 3 continuously, incessantly. "rksaha tudhu dhrarda."-sri m 5 pepaI. fum:Rr [rksar] adj uniform. See fucmo. "satru mrtr dou rksar."-akal. fu'ctJ:fta" [ r ksir] See >'lfCVfur. fuct'JJ [rkasu] one only, a single one. "rkasu harr ke nam brn."-majh barahmaha. ~ [rksukhni] adj (trader) who remains .firm on price once quoted. "rk sukhni bha trn ko nam."-GPs. fectJ3d [rk-hattar] adj seventy-one. ~ [rk-haraJ, ~ [rk-hari] adj singIelayered; without a fringe or tassel. fect&:3d H [rkchatraj] n a universal kingdom; ' an unrivalled ruler. "rkchatraj kamafda." -BG See~. fucr iiJrr [rk taga] adj having Jnly one leg; lame; one-legged. 2 an ascetic who meditates while standing on one leg. 3 See Eor tPt. fuortsr [rkatha] adjcrowded at one place. "sabh Ikathe AUJ: ara."-sri m 5 pepar. fi!cto [rkaHh]. 11 a gathering, a festival, a fair. [rkat] SkI ~ adv at one place. "mara
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Ikda kaha."-pards. ~ [Ikdat] adj a unique gift. "tu sabhna ~. karhI Ikdat. "-dhdna m 4. 2 equal gift to ~ [Ikatar] See fucB and ~. 2 See ~~. l ~ [Ikta], fe6<3 e1 [Iktai] n unity, oneness, all. harmony, concord. "jiv brahm Ikta ~ fufur [Ikdu :[kI] sen one from the other. "Ikdu IkI caradia."-suhi m 1 kUCdji. nIrdhan:."-GPs. r~oc3ial [Iktara] n a stringed musical ~ [Ikan], fuorfo [Ibm] pron anyone. 2 some one, hardly anyone. "ikanI kInE caliE instrument used by wandering mendicantdarvesavi ritI."-S [drid. cum-folk singers. It is improvised by fitting a ~ [Ikfa] A '(p,rj n allurement, inveiglement. gut-card to the hollow shell of a gourd. 2 turning from olthers to oneself. "jan nanak reocd l M1 [Iktali] adj forty-one. ~ [IktIar], ~ [Iktiar] A .Jl;;' han prabhu Ikpha."-prdbha m 4.3 became .> . n an authority. 2 control, command, power. one. 3 acceptance, adoption. "bade, badgi Iktiar." ~ [Ikbal] A .. )q j n a confession. 2 com ing face to face. 3 fate, fortune. 4 good luck. "jaI -gdukdbir. fuo8b:r [Iktis], .~ [Iktih] adj thirty-one. jag k~ ran nal guru de Ikbal tumara." fuqg [Ikatu] See fucB. 2 adj only. "Ikatu nam -jagnama. nIvasi."-maru solhe m 3. 3 Skt ~ n unity, fuoc' ~ [Ik bhaI] n one idea or purpose, oneness. without any doubt. 2 adv single mindedly. ~ [Iktuka], feocijoflhiT [Iktukia] a two"Ik bhaI Ik manI nam vasIa."-bIla chat line rhymed hymn sung as a single linle. In m 1. Guru Granth Sahib a number of hymns are fuomo [Ikman] adj single-minded, attentive, titled 'Ik tuke', See hymns under Basant rapt. musical measure like: "jIu pasri sUI'aj kIraT) fuoc'Hfo [Ikmam] n God who has a single vow of truth, "jIn IkmanI tutha se satIgur seva jotI." fi:oc3' [IktE] of the one (peerless, Creator). lae."-gdu m 3. 2 adv single mindedly, "IkI sada IktE ragI rah-hI."-var v;:xj m 3. absorbedly. "IkmanI purakhu dhIaI 2~: part on one side. 3 one side of an bardata."-sdvEye m 1 ke. argument, one party in a contest. 4 first, at f8oc'a" [fkar] adv thus, in this way. 2 n in first. Krishnavatar, fbI' has been written in place fuct3t [Ikatti], fucGtiT [Ikattih] adjthirty-one. offdIra which means Lachhami (goddess of ~ [Ikatr] advat or in one place. 2 together. wealth). "fkar aI gafharI pahi."-krrsdn. "hOI Ikat mIlhu mere bhai."-basat m 5. ~ [Ikrar] A .II}! n acceptance. 2 sanction. fuora+ [Iktha], fuocit [IkthE] advall one place. 3 a vow, solemn declaration. "IkthE gupatu pargatu hE ape."-maru solhe ~oft [Ikragi] a.dj constant in one state, engrossed in the thought of God. "saCI rate m3. bhagat Ikragi."-suhichat m 3. 2 who has the 'fuq BHt [Ik dami] adj short lived, who is not same one colour. sure of another or the next breath. "ham admi ~ [Ikal], ~ [Ikla]adjalone, single, sole, ha Ikdami."-dhdna m 1. feoc't!T [Ikda] once. See ~~. "::>akar kahf solitary. "thake kaval Ibl."-s [drid. Here karhI Ikat."-sri m 5. 'collects wealth.' :l See
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fuoitu
lotus stands for the soul. fucr't3t [rkati], fuai3t [rkati] Skt~, adj a fecrM'sY[rkIai] n solitariness, loneliness. 2 a devotee who keeps his devotion hdden in his sheet or wrap of a single width. "caru patabar heart and does notreveal it at all. "soi bhagat ki rkIai."-NP 3 See~. Ikati jiu."-majh m 5. 2 living in seclusion. fecrM'cl i [rkiaha] See fei2<Micl ' . "so rkati jrsu rrda thar."-basat m 5. 3 all ~ [rkIim] A, G, P j n a foreign country; alone, isolated. "apI Ikati hOI rahE, ape vaq . a country. See E Clime. parvaru."-var bIha m 4. ~crMfe<! [rkIor!).] Dg n one-eyed; a crow. See ~ [rkadas] See ~. arar 2. feweRl [Ikadasi] See ~. ~ [rkIota], ~3T [rkbta] adj the only ~ l.fT'i!' [rkad pay] See Fa' tR. son, single male child. 2 alone, without a ~ [Ikanve] adj ninety-one. companion. 3 unequalled. without an equal. fuwtr [rkap] sen rk-ap. fucr" ~ [rk Varal)], ~ ~ [rk varan] adj fucrrt;ra- [Ikayat] n oneness, unity, concord, who has no other caste; from a single caste. relationship. 2 uniqueness. "srrsatr sabh rk varan hoi dharam ki gatr fufor [Ikr] anyone, many. "rkr avhr rkr jahr rahi."-dhema m I. Here the term means uthr."-sri m 1. Islamic i.e. the people of Hindustan have fucilFr [rkis] adj twenty-one. "gaj rkis puria ek tanai."-geJU kdbir. 21 yards of a warp of turned Muslims. 2 of a single unmixed colour. f~cr'i!icil [rkvaki] adj who speaks less but yarn are five material elements, five senses remains firm on what he says; truthful. 2 who (speech, touch, sight, taste and smell, five agreeing with others speaks with one voice. external and five internal organs and the soul. 2 Scholars have taken all matter as forming "rkvaki korma vrcari."-BG twenty parts besides the twenty first element, ~ [rkvaja] adj fifty-one. fucfrJ:ft [rkasi] adj eighty-one. the soul. "etu raIn patr pavria CariE hor fua'ruo [rkahath] adj sixty-one. rkis."-jdpU. 'This route has steps of a ladder, fuarctt [rkaki] adj only one. "ham magi climbing which a person becomes one with bhagatr rkaki."-dhana m 4. 2 Skt~ adj the god.' 3 fEC\-m. one master, God. sole, alone, exclusive, without a helper. "jekar 4 See ft:ofl""<J 2. vahrr rkaki par."-GPs. fucfur [rkih] See fuofu:r. 2 twenty first. "bis bIsve fuqior [rkag] Skt ~ adj having only one trE gu!). hE, te rkih turia pad hr."-bhagtavli. limb. 2 n the numeral I. "ekakar rkag lrkh, fecfu:r ~ [rkih kull twenty one generations. ura Jakar Irkhaya."-BG It is written in books like Bhagatmala that a fecrilljd i [Ikagrata] See ~. devotee of God besides achieving his own fu'cr'r3' [rkat], fi:crio [rkH] Skt l!,'fiRf n a theory, salvation redeems 21 generations:- that is, ten tenet, doctrine. "yahI VIkhE budh kahe generations that precede him, and ten Ikat."-Bhai Gulab Singh. 2 empty space, generations that follow him. "prahiad jan ke vacant place, without a living being. 3 adj rkih kul udhare."-bhEr m 3. Some extreme, very much. 4 separate, alone. knowledgeable persons hold that seven "prabhu apna rkat."-kan m 5. 5 ascertained, generations each of his paternal and maternal father and seven of his father-in-law are assured.
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salvaged i.e. those who keep the company of the elightened person, attain salvation. ~ [Iku] See ~. "Iku khInu tISU bIn jivI).a."-majh baral1maha. fuc! })fg' [Iku adhu] See"fu'a fQ'. "Iku adu naI rasiara."-gau m 5. feg8'iji [Iku1aha] a village in police station Khanna, tehsil Samrala of district Ludhiana. Close to it on the western side is Guru Hargobind's gurdwara. The Guru had stayed here on his way from Dhamot to Saunti. Bhai Raila Singh, a resident of Iku1aha, who was in service in Sammat 1964-65 in Africa was inspired by the Guru's teaching, came to Ikulaha and started the construction ofa gurdwara which was completed after him by Mai Matab Kaur and the co-vi Ilagers. Guru Granth Sahib is placed in the gurdwara which has 50 bighas of land. An annual fair is held here on 20 th of Baisakh, the day the Guru is believed to have come here. It is three miles to the west of railway station Khanna, and is joined by an unpaved road. ~ [Ike] part or. See W. ~ [Ikera] adv once. ~W [Ike1a] alone, single, all by oneself. "Ikela hi aIa Ike1a ca1aya."-nasihat. W [Ike] part or. "IkE ta lor mukaddmi IkE ta alla lor."-JSBB. 'Some desire worldly chiefdom and others God's grace.' fuclo [IkEth] adj a gathering; an assembly. Woo [IkEthan] v to gather, assemble, collect. 2 n an obstruction; check on the organs of perception. "man fdri ke sahIt IkEthyO." -GPs. 3 contracting, shrinking. rea-OT [IkEtha] adj gathered. "kahCi sImat bhayo sakar IkEtha."-caupai. 2 at one place. ~ [Iko] only one; one only. "Iko srrjaI).haru."-var guj m 5. ~ [Ikoqa], ftfcrnt [Ikoqi] adjbent on one's
knees. 2 tilting, inclined. 3 upside down, inverted. "kah-hI ta dharaI).I Ikoqi kar;m." -bhr namdev. ~ [Ikotar] See ~. ~ H [Ikotar s;)] adj one hundred and one, 101. 'fuofait [Ik;'igi] adj having one limb only. 2 taking only one side in a dispute or discussion; partisan. 3 alone, without a helper, single-handed. "sahE jiv yahI dukh Ikagi." -NP. See~. fucit:m [Ikajas] adj uniform, consistent. "kI agajas, kI Ikajas."-gyan. 2 "fu'a (unique) is whose l'lh=m (power). fi::cf3' [I kat] See f'EorT3'. fucf31 [Ikati] See f'E'ai3T. "apI Ikati apI pasara."-majh m 5. ~ [Ikatr] See'fucxio. "SUbEth Ikatr."-kalki. fE'oft [Ikki], -reatr [Ikkih] See fuoftH. fE'oft C31? [Ikki ku1] See fec;ftu' ~. [Ikkur] adv in this way, by this method, thus. [Ikko] See j~. ~ [Ik$u] See fu1:f. ~ [Ik$vaku] Skt ~~ n something that causes the desire to suck sugarcane; bitter gourd. 2 a king of the Suray dynasty and son of Vaivsvatmanu and the first ruler of Ayodhya. According to Vishnu Puran, he had come out of Manu's sneeze. I He had one hundred sons but only two of them Vikushki and Nimi became greatly famous. From Vikushki came kings of Ayodhya like Raghu etc. and from Nimi began the Janak dynasty of Mithila. Bhai Santokh Singh has written in Guru Pratap Suray, that Afuritsar is the place of Ikshaku's altar for the performance of sacrifice. ful:f [Ikh] See re-l:f.
recgo
rea-
IS ee chapter 4, section 2 of Vishnu Puran.
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fedlfMR3 1()
ful:PWR" [Ikh-as] See
~.
n a summary, an abridged or annotated version, precis. ~ [IXtalaf] A ...Jli>! n difference, disagreement, separation. 2 antagonism, different view. ~ [IkhtIar], ~ [Ikhtyar) See
~.
~ [Ixatsar] A .IL,;::!
[Ikhbar] See fJ:f8lO. (;'fJ! discharge, dismissal, expulsion. ~ [IXlas], ~ [Ikhlasu] t.f lP! n purity, clarity. 2 sanctity. "rIdE Ikhlasu nIrakhle mira."-bher kdbir. 3 friendship. ~ [Ikhlak] See ~. ~ [Ikhvak), ~ [Ikhvaku] See ~. "nrIp Ikhvak bali Ik kal."-GPs. ~ [Ikhika] Skt~ n an arrow. 2 a reed, a piece of straw. 3 elephant grass, especially the reed-like portion just below the ear at the top. 'Wj [:i:khu] Skt"fu15 n an arrow. 2 a reed of elephant grass. ~ [Ikhuas] SktfuJrHn a bow from which an arrow (I~U) is shot. ~ [Ikhuasaj] n born from a bow, (fulrR) an arrow; an arrow shot with a bow.-scmama. ~ [Ikhuasajni] n an army equipped with arrows (I~vasaj)-scmama. 'Wjl'>fTR09" [Ikhuasni] n an army of archers. -s;:mama. fuytr [Ikhudh] Skt~!:\ vr wielding of arrows (and bows). fu1ffu [IkhudhI], W!tiT [Ikhudhi] Skt fu15fu n a holder of arrows; a quiver. "Ikhodhi katI 56 kas parath ayo."-krIS;;}n. ffi1:r [Ikkh] Skt~ n E Sugarcane. L Saccharum officinarum. ~ [Ikhvadhi] See fuJ:rfu. "dae Ikhvadhi dVE."-par;;}s. 'gave two quivers of arrows! ,
ful:Rrrtr [IXraj] A
[Ikhvaku] See ~Ti!. "kul Ikhvaku vIkhe jo raja."-GPs. fi!lIT [fg] Skt~ vr to go, tremble, shiver. 2 n a mark, sign. 3 a movement; an effort. 4 a signal, a hint, a gesture. reos [fgat] See fiffirr3". fidlfl'Sf.t [fgII~] E English adj connected with England. 2 n the English language, the language of England. 3 in Punjabi, pension is also termed as English. fedlfl'SHdlo [fglIstan], ~~ [fgltc;l] P \:J~j E England. n a country of the English people. a country in north-west of Europe bounded by Scotland in the north, North Sea in the east, Irish Sea in the west. It is a triangular country with an area 50,874 square miles, maximum length 420 miles and breadth 360 miles. Its area including Scotland, Wales and Ireland is 121,027 square miles. According to the census of 1911, its population is 47,263,530. Its people are known as English, their religion is Protestant Christianity; some Roman Catholics are also there, their number being around 22 lacs. England is divided into fifty counties; railway line zigzags slightly over 16,000 miles. Hardly any village is without a post office, hospital, school, library or church; primary education is free and compulsory; therefore there is no illiteracy in England. England's capital is London with a population of 70 lacs. It is the largest city in the world. The detailed narration of how England conquered India is to be found under
'WfTi!
itAc ~ chaft.
England rules over a huge empire of the world over which the sun never sets because it is spread over vast areas in all corners of the world. Several countries in Europe, America, Australia, Africa and Asia are
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included in it. It occupies one fourth of the entire earth surface where one fifth of the human race lives. The total area of the British Empire is 13,909, 782 square miles and its population is 460,094,000. In area it is ovelr 273 times that of England. Of its population only about fifty million belong to the white race. The government of England is democratic with a king as its head. Its present mlcer is Emperor George V. England, Wales and Scotland are collectively called Britain and its people are known as the British. fiffiJr3' [fglt] SkI ~ adj moving. 2 marked, with marks. 3 n a signal, sign or indication through gesture, such as a wink. 4 bodily action, motion, effort, movement. "fgIl: bol vIlokm keri."-GPS. reQJtft [fgudi] SkI .~ n godni, wild staff tree, L Gordia augustifolia, its glutinous fruit is edible and it heals swelling of the throat and blisters in the mouth. "fgudi khare VI sal." ~;:r [fgrej] Pgfi!'amt.r F Anglais. inhabitants of England. ~tft [fgreji] the language of the people of England. fiftr [fc] E inch, one twelfth of a foot and one thirty sixth part of a yard. [Ich] See 'fusr. "man Ich pai prabhu dhlai."-asa eMit m 5. ~ [Ich-ara] adjnar suffixed to fflsr, adj desired, wanted. 'fu'sfi:r [IchasI] will desire, desires, you desire. "IchaSI jamadI prabhya."-guj jedev. See
res
'fu&ro [Ichat],
reiiS [fchat] SkI ~ adj desired, wanted, required. "man fchat hi phal pavat hE."-s;weye m 4 ke. W [Icha] SkI ~ desire, yearning, want.
~.
2 longing, craving for what is not. fesiiNi'I [Ichacaril] ~v0tilIR1, adj one going around according to his own desire. ~'a'a' [Ichapurak], ~ [Ichapuraku] adj who fulfills desires. "Ichapuraku sarab sukhdata."-dhana m 4.2 n God. "Ichapuraku rakhE nldan."-asa ill 5. resr [Iccha] See fu5r. ref&s' [Icchlt] See ~. ft! [Icchu] SkI iv~ adj desirous. 2 n See~. 3 Dg jaggery, brown lump sugar, gur. ~ [Icchuk] See rei [ICCha] See fE'sr. 2 SkI ~~ adj worth seeing, handsome. "uthi ChICh Iccha."-VN. 'rose charming splashes.' fu;:r [Ij] See fuH:;r. ftf;:r [fj] See ~. 'fui::rc:Jra' [Ijhar] A .J~' n disclosure, expression. fut:rorA' [Ijnas] See J?ftI?iTR. reiJT [Ijra], f~ffiTT1jJ' [Ijray] A un n implementation; fulfilment; putting into action, as of a court order. ~ [Ijlas] A ~.lJJ:>1 n a place for sitting. 2 seat of an officer, court. ~ [Ijazat] A .::-)I:>! n permission, order. 2 sanction, approval. ~ [Ijaphat] A ":";W>I a symbol or letter added to show a relation: affix, apostrophe. In Sikh scripture vowel symbol for [r] i.e. [f] is used for this purpose as in "yak araj guphtam pesI to."-tIlag m 1. In this book the sign for this is "\". 'fut:JrGr [Ijapha] A .J!;. 1 n an accretion, addition. fuwa3" [I jabat] A ...::.--:I:>! acceptance. 2 easy and liberal excretion of stools. ~[Izar]A .IU! n loose trousers usuallywom by women, a pyjama or salwar. f8f.hlae [Izarbad] P .k..JU! n a cord for fastening trousers at the waist ~ [I jara] See futr'Q. "sol-hI sahls Ijara."
rew.
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rec reo
-bhEr namdev. 2 A ~.J1f I n a contract, agreement. ~ [fjil] G, A, P IE Evengel F Evengile L Evangelium, n goodness, happy news. 2 a scripture ofthe Christians, the New Testament. fuffiJr [Ijeha] adv like this, thus. fuR [IjE] n Shiv, the conqueror of lust.-2 IjE has also been used in place of jE. See fuR fuR. fuR fuR [IjE bIjE] See m;r fut:nJr. 2 n a hymn of praise composed by Jay and Vijay. "IjE bIjE su gavte."-GPs. 3 the victory of iJi:1Jr (one's god). 4 victory song of Shiv. retr3' [Ijjat] A ..:,.. j n honour, respect, prestige. fEt:r:r [Ijjar] n a flock, drove, herd of sheep and goats. 2 a fold, pen, enclosure for goats and sheep. fia:r.;r [Ijy] Skt adjworthy of respect. 2 worthy of worship. 'fEt:uJr [Ijya] Skt n worship. 2 a ritual. ~ [fp], ~ [fpu] adv thus, in this manner, like this. [It] See ~. "It snal).e bhuI saval).u." -s farid. 2 Skt~, vr to go. ~ [Itava] See~. "~ahn Itava me huto nana nam sunar."-carItr 90. [Itt] See ~. [Ith], fuo;;r [Ithra], fuor [Itha] Skt fu'1f adjdesired, wanted. 2 worshipped. "han IthE nIt dhIafda."-sri m 5 pEpaI. 3 dear. "gusai mIhaqa Ithra."-sri m 5 pEpaI. "mItrna Ith dhan rup hil).."-var jEt. 'dear friend.' 4 See
river. See fJ~H3i(').
J5
rec
fuFrc. fuorut [Ithaha] See fucs"ru+. fu5" [IthE] See reo. 2 to the adored one, See
reo 3.3 to the adored one. See reo 2. rear [Ittha] See reo. "putr mItr gurubhai
Ittha."-BG ft:!1m [fdas] G Indos, E Indus. n Indus river. W [Iqa] See W. 2 See ~. ~ [fqia] E India. the country of Indus
[It] adv on or in this (side, direction or condition) "je bhukh dehI ta It hi raja."-suhi am 4.2 in this world. 3 Skt adjpast, former. 4 n going, gait. 5 knowledge. 6 achievement. 7 See fuf'o. rea- ~ [It ut] adv hither and thither. 2 in this world and the next. "so jan It ut kat-hI na qolE."-gau m 5. ~ [ft~ar] A .Ie-I n spreading, diffusion. 2 worry, fluster, flurry. reour [ft-ha] A L? I n limit, extreme. 2 a period, duration. 3 a shore, bank. ~ [Ithad]A )(jl n unity, concord, rapport, reprochement. 2 love, amity. rea- tit [It hi] here or hither only, See rea- I. ~ [Itkad] A )tirl n belief, faith, trust. "sul).ke khabar najum di Itkad na karda." -jJgnama. ~ [ftkam] A ((j;1 n revenge, vengeance, retaliation. Its root is ~ (enmity) re::Hj('M [ftkal] A J(j;j n a change of place. 2 a transfer from the possession of one person to that of another; a mutation. 3 death, going to the other world. ffi3t::JtH [ftjam] A (W I n arrangement, management, administration. ~ [ftjar] A .JWI n a wait, waiting, anticipation, expectation. moor [Itnak], ~ [Itnaku], Fec(')'C3 [Itnaku], ~ [Itnik] adj about this much, approximately this quantity. "Itnaku lagE thanka."-sar kabir. "Itnaku pasrIo tana." -asa kabir. "Itnaku na janE jI dIn dIn avadh ghatut hE."-sri kablr. "hau Itnik lahuria." -suhi chJt m 5. fedJi:'Clt [Itfak] A Jliil n amity, concord, harmony. See Eosr. 2 agreement, concurrence.
rea-
re1Jt' [Iqqa] adj so large; this large. 'fu<!' [Il).] Dg pron these (subjective case)
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3 a chance, occasion. re3Ji:1l;'((') [Itfabn], f'E~1nfr [Itfakia], Fe3.G'~lGW [Itfakiyah] A irlPi' adv suddenly, coincidentally, by chance, unexpectedly, abruptly. ~ [Itbar] A A:A.' n taking a lesson (from other people's suffering or their misdeeds). 2 certitude, belief. fe3s'al [Itbari] adj reliablle, trustworthy, dependable. ~ [Itminan] A (;)c!, n satisfaction, confidence. ~ [Itar] Skt adj other, another, different. 2 low born, mean base. 3 A )J" n a perfume. 4 sandalwood oil with jasmin, rose, essence of kevra, etc. mixed in it. fu3'a'r;:r [Itraj] A ,j'7' n inference, doubt, conjecture. 2 objection. ~ [Itrat] See re3d'(')'. fe3d l (')1 [Itrana] v to raise objection, to interfere. 2 to behave with affectation, strut, take airs. re3d3d [Itretar] Skt advmutually, reciprocally. fu3;p' [Itra], ~ [Itre] adj this much, so much. 2 so many, in such a number. "jalpa, padarath Itre."-savEye m 3 ke. fu3r [Ita] adjthis much, this quantity, so much. ~ [Itaat] A .;,Y (1., n obedience, subje:ction, subordination, allegiance. See 3'>lf3". ~ [Itab] A ~v- n anger, displeasure. fu3'H' [Ital] adv this time, this moment, now. "ab karta su I tal."-s kabir. ret5" [ItI] part indicating the end. 2 n conclusion, finis. 3 this. fi:ffi:roT [ftIha] See ~. FeFdu'R [ItIhas] Skt fuf3"-'U"-fTH a wel.l-known place, meaning a book in which past e:vents are narrated in temporal order; history. FeFdulR ~ lfirnT [ItIhas guru khaIsa] a book of history of the Gurus and the Khalsapanth
in 72 chapters written by Sadhu Gobind Singh and published in Sammat 1959 from Venketshvar Press Bombay. Although it contains many errors from the historical point of view, its writing is marked by good intention and capability. In the introduction the publishers say: This is the lovable history of the Gurus of the Sikh nation whose genius is shining like the sun in the history of India; of the Khalsa nation, at the sight of whose bravery and powers the brave Englishmen bow their heads; ofthe Sikh nation which has acquired an exalted place in the British army and has won eminence in all directions, and shed their blood for protecting Hinduism from the grip of Muslims. It contains everything which a history should have. It contains religious instruction, bravery, prowess, love for one's country, renunciation and charity. To mention its entire contents in the introduction would be to fill a smal.l space with a huge army. FeFdulFROl [ItIhasIk] Skt -etfuQTfuCfl adj historical. ~ [ftIkam] A (liP, n revenge, retaliation. 2 taking revenge. fiff3J:fra" [ftIXab] A ",:",if" selection; a method of election. fiSt [Iti] n fuf3" the end, termination, finis, period. "sadhun het Iti jIn kari."-VN. 2 adj so much, this much. "saha na Iti dukh."-s
farid.
[ItU] pron this. "Itu kama!)., sada dukh pavE."-var guj 1 m 3. 2 this. "Itu maragI cale bhaiare."-suhi m 5 gur:lVati. ~ [Itukan] adv by doing so, in this way, thus. "Itukan bhagatI kar-hI jo jan."-dh:ma namdev. fiS [Ite] adj so many. "jIs gur ke gu!). Ite." -varsor ill 4.
reg
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re3W
306
reeijl/1<!
~ [rttla] A ~lJb' n news, intelligence,
intimation. ~ [rtta] adj so much, this much. fe-Fi::hJ'e [rttrhad] See ~. ~ [rttrham]A (Lh n blame, accusation. fe-fdCi:iOl [rttrphak] See fu3Gra". fed:il'fe [rtyadr] Skt part etcetera. fed:il'feOl [rtyadrk] Skt adj others of this kind, some other like this, etc. ~ [rtyat] See l')f3'"jf3". 2 Skt ~ advthus, in this manner. "rtyatmarabyaprta."-sahas m 5. 3 upto here. 'fua1' [rthau] advat this place, here. 2 in this world. 3 from here. fu1i [rtM] Skt ~ adv in this way, by this method, thus. rei [rtthe] adv here, at this place. relf [rttha] See fE1i. fife" [fd] Skt ~ n god, ruling god, ruler of the paradise. "kete fd cad sur kete."-japu. See fieIHIe:. 2 See ~. ree/1d i C') [fdastan] n the country of the Indus river, India; Bharat. See fJii':Hd '('). ~ [rdmev] sen adjfet-~, this very, this alone. ~ [fd2lr] Skt~, n king. 2 God, Vahguru, owner of the world. 3 divine king; owner of Amaravati, believed to be the god of rain who is often at war with Vritar, a demon i.e. the master of famine. He is greatly admired in Rig Ved. According to the Purans, he is the son of Kashyap born to Aditi. Vaman is mentioned as his younger brother. Indar's wife is Shachi and Jayant is his son. His weapon is thunderbolt and his vehicle is Airavat, the elephant. His assembly is named Sudharma and his charioteer is Matali, his riding horse is Uchaishrva. "fd2lr S2ld bulaya rajbhrkhek ml."-caqi 3.4 superior. 5 excellent, majestic, glorious.
[fdrasaI).] See ~. Jf.JJ! n getting, knowing, understanding. Its root is darak. ~ [fdraj] See fifd1ft. [fdrani] See ~. ~ [fdav] n a poetic metre, See tWGt tT gtf IO. ~ [fdasaI).] Skt ~ n a king's seat, royal throne. 2 throne of Indar, king of gods. "gavhr fd fdasaI).r bEthe."-sodaru. ret!""J1'f.!" [fdas2lI).r] on Indar's throne. See ~ 2. fueTo't [rdani] Skt ~ adv now, at this moment. refu'aT [fdrra] Skt~n splendour. 2 Lachhmi, Kamla, Rama. "fdrra ke madrr pE sOd2lr sadhar mano hir2ln ki pakti kh2lci hE dutr rasr te."-GPs. fifij'H [fdrrajJ A r:,.,)~! entry, registration, record. 2 writing on a register etc. refeQr Hfuo [fdrra madrr] Lotus, Lachhmi's residential house. According to the Purans, Lachhmi resides in the lotus. See ~ 2. retfuRr [fdib2lr] See ~. ~ [fdiya] A:P a thought; an idea. ~ [fdivar] Skt ~ n a blue lotus. 2 a lotus. "Ioc2ln fdiv2lra se."-GPs. re~ [fdu] n Indar, the king of gods. "mEla br2lhma mda fdu."-bha kabir. 2 a cloud. "fdu V2lrSE dharatr suhavi."-mala a m I. 3 Skt ~ the moon. 4 camphor. 5 the count of one, because poets have accepted the moon as one. ~ [fduj] Skt n son of the moon; the planet Mercury. ~ ~ID [fdu tOQi] adj having a face like the moon; moon-faced; moon-like. ~ '8'9" [fdu b2ldhu] See ~ ~. ~ [fdumaI).i] n Chandarkantajewel, which is very bright with light like that of the moon,
~ [rdrak] A
reeoro1
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See~.
produced by refraction of the sun's rays through water drops in the air, also called an 0Idlady'sswing.PRustam'sbow.A",1l.1I It is written in the Bible that God saved prophet Noah from the deluge and promised not to inflict such universal destruction, and as a mark of this promise, He hung his bow midway between earth and sky. See Gen eh 9. ~ tn:r [fdr p~th] See ~. ~ [fdrpuri] n Amravati (the city ofIndar, abode of the immortals) "fdrpuri mahI s~rp~r m~n).a."-gau a m 5. re'Il:{'FEI" [fdr~prC!sth] n a city established by Arjun in Khandav forest along the bank of Yamuna. It was the capital ofPandavs. It was near modern Delhi, Seereffi. "fdr~prasthme krIsan ju r~he mas t~b car."-krISan. ret:"81J [fdrbadhu] See ret: ~. "m~ttagyadan fdrbadhu."-ramav. ~ [fdr mati] This word has appeared in Ramavtar instead of~. An ignorant scribe has erroneously written ~ in place of ~ by mistaking ~ for _. ~ [fdrlok] n a paradise, also called Amravati and Indrapuri. "fdrlok SIvlok-hI ~[fdrjit]Skt~nRavan'ssonMegImad jEbo."-dhana kabir. who defeated Indar in a battle; hence this fiiiii!ij' [fdrv~jra] a poetic metre offour lines, name. each line having four combinations as ~ H' [fdr jJ] Skt~ n seeds ofkutaj which 551,551,151,55. look like grains of barley and are used in Example: medicines to cure-'several diseases. L anad mula jan gyan data Holarrhena antidysenterica. See geM. $atrun $ula dhan dham trata .... ~ [fdratu], ~ [fdratv] n the rank and ~ [fdrvadhu] n Indar's wife Shachi or personality of the god Indar. "fdratu det Indrani. 2 a lady bug, or lady fly, an insect jajatIhf bhae."-cCJrrtr 117. 2: king~ihip, with red velvety exterior, seen during the monarchy. ramy season.
is believed to ooze out nectar (when exposed to moon light). 2 See ~'eT ~ 2. ~H3t [fdum~ti] n a full moon day when it is all bright at night. 2 sister of Bhoj, king of Vidarbha who chose to marry king Aj, son of Raghu during the Svayambar ceremony. See })fR. "fdum~tI hIt ~j nrIp~tI jIm gnh t~j lIy jog."-ramav. ~ [fdur] Skt ~ n a rat, mouse. fi~ [fdu] See ~ and ~. fut!l [Ida] Skt ~pron this. "p~rma pr~san mIda."-guj jEdev. ~ [Idata] Skt n the idea of being identical. "sabadhIn me l~kho Idata."-NP ~ [fdr] god, king, See~. "fdr kop: jake seva k~r-hI."-bhEr a kabir. 2 a kutaj tree or plant. See ~ and ~. ~ ~ [fdr fdral)i] n Kashyap, the king of kings; his earth; globe, ground.-sdnama. ~ ~ [fdr fdral)] adj king of kings, emperor. 2 master even of Indar. "kop: idr fdral)."-japu. ~lJ3'~ [fdrsutayudh] n Indar's son Arjun, his weapons: a bow and arrow. -sanama. ~ [fdrsen] charioteer of king Yudhishthir. ~ tp1.f [fdr cap] See ~ t:fQl:f. ~ H'l'? [fdr jal] Indar's web; Indar uSI;:d to play different tricks to entice holy men and sages; hence this term. 2 See ~'.
~ ~o [fdr d:m], ~ ~ [fdr dyum~n]
ret: 'QQ [fdr q,Y1.~n.u], ~ t:fQl:f [fdr dh~nukh] Skt ~~ n a rainbow in the form of an ,arc
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308
~ [fdra] n Indrani, Shachi. 2 Lachhmi. See
fiffe";:Jr. "sagar fdra ar dhartev."-bhEr kClbir.
fetiire(') [fdram] See
fift'til?i.
~TfIe [fdrasal).] See ~.

re~ [fdrasal).I] on Indar's throne. 2 on
the royal throne. "g,whI f dr f draSal).I

bthe."-jClpU.
feti'H(') [fdrasan] the throne of Indar, king of

gods.
n Indar's queen Shachi. [fdradI] adj Indar and other gods. ~TQM [fdranuj] Skt n the younger brother ofIndar, Yaman. re~tiIO [fdrayan] Skt n bitter colocinth, L Cucumis Colocynthis. 2 the creeper plant bearing it is also named Indravaruni. re'i~'Q" [fdrayudh] n Skt Indar's weapon, Yajar, thunderbolt or lightning. re'irfu [fdran] n Indar's enemy, Indarjit, Meghnad. "fdran vir kupyo karal."-ramav. 2 a dragon, demon, monster. reti1iE31 [fdravati] n Indarpuri, Amravati (the abode of the immortals) ~ [fdny], ~ [fdri] Skt ~ n subtle and gross parts of the body, recipient of sensations of sound, touch, etc. 2 energy through which the knowledge of external objects is received by the mind; five organs of action and five of perception; some have included mind as the eleventh organ. "fdri ekada$ parkara."-NP. "das fdri karI rakh vaSI."-gClu Cl m 5. See 0TJITi') ~ and aatf ~. 3 a generative organ; a copulative organ. 4 skin, the organ oftouch. "nmu naktu sravnu raspatI fdri kahIa nel mana."-maru kClbir. 'Eyes, nose, ear, tongue and skin disobeyed.' fe~lft1d [fdrijIt] Skt '?iPS;j~d adjwho conquers one's own sense organs. "fdrijIt pac dokh te relhIt."-sukhmClni. ~it re~ [fdrel).i fdral).i] cpd the army
~tfu
~ [fdral).i]
of Kashyap's earthly kings. "fdrel).i fdral).i adI bakhank."-sClnama. retr [fdh] Skt ~tL vr to shine, burn, make a conflagration, blaze. ~ [fdhal).], rem> [fdheln], rem-r [fdham] Skt~!:Ff and ~ n firewood, fuel, See Efq-o. 2 fuel used in a ritual, samIdha. W:Rr [Idhar] advon this side, hither, in this direction. fun [In] pron plural offuR'. "In SIU pritI kari ghaneri."-asa m 5. 2 Skt ~'l n the sun. 3 master, owner. ft:oF.rr [In$a] A ei! n a writing, a script. 2 authorship, a composition. fuoHt [msa], fuoRro [Insan] A ~(), n man. ~ [msaph] A .....;[) I n the act ofsplitting into two halves. 2 sifting of truth from untruth (falsehood); justice, equity. fe(')f{ldiiii [mhnaph] A --ilj! the act ofturning one's face away; being disloyal. 2 disobeying, acting defiantly. feoorra" [mkar] A .J~! n a refusal; denial; disobeyance; non acceptance. [fml).] See rem>. "fml). jal telve no tav." -BG fe(')fiildiOdI [mfIrag] A [;I)JJ n leisure; holiday. Its root is :GCJl:Ol3'. fe(')faH' q [InbIsat] A .bk"1 n happiness, pleasure, joy. Its root is ~ (freedom). fun fafq [m bIdhI] adv thus, in this way. 2 by this method. "In bIdhI sagaru tari." -ramav m 1. fuoT [ma] adjthis much, so much. 2 SeefuQr. re(')lf~d [maIt] See ~. ~ [man] A i.:/l;f' n a bridle; a rein. 2 a visible object. 3 opposition, antagonism. firotH [mam] A (l7i1 a reward. ~ [Inayat] A .::.c l;f' n a favour, kindness. 2 an attempt, endeavour. re()lllldi:fTO [Inayatxan] a ruler of Rahon, after
-reo-e
Page 342 of 674
309 routing whom, Banda Bahadur occupied the town. fuo't [Ini] these, by or to these. "Ini hukamu na bujhIa jaI ."-sdvye m 4. 2 these men, such men. 3 this much. reg [inu] See ~. ~UT [Ineha], ~tit [Inehi] adv like this or these, such as. "cadan bhagta jotI Inehi sarbe parmal karl)a."-tilag m 1. fu<r" [Inha]pron to these, 2 these (nominative) ~ [Iphjal] A J~! n kindness, grace, favour, benevolence. Its root is ~. ~ [Iftara] A,?! n a censure, slander. 2 an accusation. 3 a blemish. 41ie, falsehood. "bed kateb Iphtara bhai, dIl ka plukar na jaI."-tIlag kdbir. 'Veds and Quran are not worth it, if mental tensions don't disappear.' fec;;3d 1e( [Iphtarak] A n separation, parting, departing, its root is ~. ~ [Ifrat]A btj,. 2 abundance, amplitude. ~ [Ifrit] A ..;:..;;)7' n a demon, giant. 2 adj powerful, mighty. feJilMIH [Iflas] A (./i6! n poverty, penury, indigence. ~ [Ifakah] A ..Jul. See))fGTC(T. [Ib] adv now, at this time. "Ib ke rahe jamanI nahI."-vdQ ill 1 dlal1I)iii 'Seeds sown do not germinate.' :rn [Ib tab] Seef8" :rn. "Ib tab phIrI pachtai." -oakar. feafa1 [IbtIdaJ A I~! n a beginning, an outset, start, tltc. 2 creation, genesis. fuao [Iban] A cf.! son. ~ [Ibrat] A .::.-/- n getting a lesson (derived from experience). ~ad'Jbf [Ibr.ahim] A (-'1.<1 He Abraham adj founder of a tribe, head of a clan. 2 n According to the Bible and the Quran, he was a prophet sent by God in the eleventh generation of Noah, and son of Aazar. His first wife Sarah was childless. Abraham then married a slave girl Hagar who gave birth to a son Ismail. After some time Sarah also gave birth to a son; then both women, each having a son, began to quarrel. On Sarah's instigation Abraham expelled Hagar and her son Ismail, See m-r m-r. Jews and Christians trace their origin to Is-haq; and Ismail's descendants are the Quraish dynas~y in which prophet Muhammad was born. The ceremony of (circumcision) was introduced by Abraham. No religious book mentions its existence before him. Jews and Muslims considering this as God's order given through Abraham, accept and practise it. In ancient times, Christians also used to practise circumcision. Christ himself was circumcised. Even now Christians in Asbyssinia practise it. When Abraham got his own circumcision done and preached it among his own people, he was 99 years old. The Quran defines Abraham as God's friend. His total age was 175 years. His grave at Hebron in Palestine is a place of pilgrimmage. A verse from Kabir's composition reads: "sakatI saneh karI sOnatI kariE, mE na badauga bhai!"l This refers to a story which although nowhere mentioned in the Bible or the Quran, has its roots in a legend that Sarah made Abraham promise on pain of strict punishment to have no sexual contact with Hagar. But he was found to have had intercourse with Hagar once. Sarah however reduced the punishment out of love for her husband. Instead of severing his point of contact with the other woman, made him circumcise his organ of contact and to trim his moustaches, and also made him expel
lasa kabir.
JI7'
rea-
rea-
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Hagar and her son from the house. 3 a son of Prophet Muhammad born to the slave girl Mary, but he died at the age of two. 4 a king ofBalakh famous as Abraham, the rogue. He later abdicated the throne and became an accomplished divine scholar. 5 See ~. FesaiJiH m [Ibrahim lodi) J)JJ(ft/.t son of Sikandar Lodi who became emperor of India in 1517 AD. He was killed in a battle against Babur on 20 April 1526 (Sammat 1583) and the Mughal dynasty came to rule India. ~ [Ibrani) A j, /: n Hebrew, an ancient tongue of Palestine. 2 a Jew. fumfu:r [Iblis] A ~! adj bereft of God's blessing. 2 n the Devil. See H3r0. resM1s:fl [Iblisi] adj Satanic, See ~. ~ [Ibro] so large. "Ibro jako peto."-bJno. ~ [Ibadat] A ":-J\! n a prayer, worship. "na kiti Ibadat na rakkha Iman."-nasihat. ~ [Ibarat] A ..:--'\! n syntax in grammar. 'fug [Ibh] Skt n an elephant. 2 a family, household. fif9 [fbh] Skt ~ vr to gather, collect, grab. ~ [Ibhi] Skt n a female elephant. 2 Skt~ adj who owns or keeps elephants. 3 n a king. 4 a keeper and driver of an elephant. 5 an army of elephants according to Sastarnammala. See
>lfaT453.
support.
fu>.ffit.T [Imroz] P ))/! this day, today. fulrnT [Imla] A lJ.! a mode of writing,
orthography.
fuHMl [Imli] See ))f}ffi't. 'fuW [Ima], fuHro [Iman] See -etHro. "amikul
'is of deep faith.' (L! n a religious teacher. "hidu turak kou raphji Imam saphi."-akal. See ~.-akal. 2 a king. 3 a religious leader. 4 central bead of a rosary. "meru Imam ralaIkE ram rahim na naD gal).aya."-BG. 5 (also) a religious scripture. See Quran, surat 11, aiyat 20. fuHrHFRft [Imam saphil P .~~ (L! n the chief religious leader of the Sunni sect of Islam. See HoT. 2 Imam Shafi, a disciple of the chief religious head ofSunni Muslims, i.e. a Sunni Musalman. "hfdu turak kou raphji Imam saphi."-akal. 'One is a Shia and the other is a Sunni.' fewH m:n:r [Imam baxa$] an officer of the imperial army who was killed by Bhai Jagta during the battle of Hargobindpur. fuwH w;rr [Imam bara] P ~.J~ (L! n a burial ground where models of Hussain tomb are carried in procession and buried during Muhharam; a compound for such a burial I which is a copy of the orig;inal at Karbala, See Ima
hE."~japu.
fbrrH [Imam] A
rem [fbhij See rem.

[Im] advEi, thus, in or by this manner. 2 P (! pran a form of'ff as in fEi.IF.rs', ful.fflt.T (tonight, today) etc. remm-[Im$ab]P ~!tonight. fu1..rqro [Imkan] A (;)I{.! n a possibility, probabi Iity. fbf3UTO [Imtahan], ~ro [ImtIhan] A (;)11" n aIvexamination, test. ~ [ImtIyaz] A J\?! distinguishing on the basis of quality; distinction. ~ [Imdad] A Jt __ ! n help, aid, assistance,
ftm
~.
~ [Imama] A ,.,.Lf a turban. 2 a steel helmet.
fbRJo [Imarat] A iAf n construction. 2 a splendid house. 3 A ..::.-.JLI opulence, affluence. ~ [Imalah), fuHrc;)r [Imala] A 11 the idea of being inclined towards. 2 phonetic gradation as from hIsab to haseb or kItab to kateb. fufi.r [ImI] See fuH. fuHt [Imi] short form of fuH tit; this only, in
I
In India the rmambara at Lucknow is the largest and

the most imposing.
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311
Airavat Nag. this way, See fuH. ~ [Iraq] See~. castor plant and its fruit. [Iya] SkI ~ pron this, it. "tum cadan ham Iraq bapure."-asa ravidas. ~ [Ir~ad] A -'~.J! n walking on the correct path, making someone walk straight. 2 order, fi:!1? [Il] n a kite; a bird of the hawk family. See~. "jIthe QItha mIrat ko II bahIthi command. aI."-var gau 2, m 5. 2 Skt ~ vr to go, send, ~ [Irsal] A Jlo! sending, despatching. sleep, throw, spread. [Irkha] See ~. fuffi:JtH [Ilham] A (t;! n a revelation; a divinely ~ [Iral:!] See ~. inspired idea. fua'it [Irl).i] adjwho motivates, impels, incites. "nama pokhl).i sokhl).i sarab Irl).i."-c5Qi 2. ~ [Ilzam] A (Il! n blame, stigma. 2 an accusation, indictment. 2 of the earth, earthly. ~ [Ilat] n a mental discomfort, itch. feaas'i;{ [Iratbat]A by.J! naattachment,rel!ation, 2 volatility, playfulness. 3 a mischief, prank. adhesion; its root is ~ meaning to ti~~. fuaH [Iram] A (.J! a garden which was set up 4 ~ a calise, reason. 5 a disease. by the order of king Shaddad of Syria, on the fuc;sfu- [IlatI] adj prankish, fro Iicsome. "IIatI ka nau caudhri."~var mala m 2. 2 See ~ model of the garden of Eden or paradise. fueHo [Irman] P d.J! n Armenia, a country 4. in Sikh scripture such Arabic/Persian words take vowel symbol as in ~, ~, etc. surrounded by Iran, Rome and Frank (now between the Caspian and the Black Seas). Fel'SfdHl [lltIja] A ~! n a request, supplication. ~ [Irmani] adj Armenian. "Irmcmi mmi 2 protection. jagi dusman dara."-BG See ~ Raft. ~ [IltImas] A i./~! n a request, rear [Ira] Skt n the earth,,2 a river, stream. entreaty, supplication. 2 a search, quest. 3 mother of Vrihaspati. 4 wine. 5 speech. 3 inclination, desire. 6 happiness, pleasure. ~ [Ilam] A n knowledge, science, learning, study.See shades of meaning under~. ~ [Irak] A J'.I n a river bank, slushy land, alluvial soil. 2 a part ofIran, east ofKhurasan. reM' ~ [II mCllali] See reM' and HC?'t'ft. "II 3 a country between Persia and Arabia, maIali gIdar chara."-BG omens like a kite, snarling, howling ofjackals, whirl wind, dustMesopotamia with Baghdad and Basra as its principal cities. It is known as Iraqe-Arab. storm. 4 a compound, courtyard. 5 a garden. () See 'fuID.Iw [Ilmas] a diamond, thunderbolt. See ~. })@ffi. "kaldhJt mClrhe IImas jari."-saloh. ~ [Iraki] adj pertaining to Iraq. 2 n ful'SJ..f'o't [Ilmani] ~)k'1 n a class of swords made a horse from Iraq. 3 xa a pony. 4 a horse from in Yemen. "Ilmaniru halabbi rnaGrab I kIrac any country. janubi jati."-GPs. f~ l')f' and ~1ft. ~ [Irada] A of)' n a res;lve, sudden fEl'Sfi(ill'S1 [IlvIla] n wife of the sage Visharva thought. "jag uada kin."-GPs. 2 a desire. and mother of Kuber, and daughter of 3 faith, trust. Trinvind. [Ila] SkI n Parvati, Durga. 2 a cow. 3 the ~ [Iravati] Airavati. See ~. earth. 4 Sarasvati. 5 one of the daughters of ~ [Iravan] SkI n containing water (11;dT); a sea. 2 son of Arjun born to the daughter of King Ikshak. 6 a shrewd woman. 7 vr to
fuof
rem:r-
Ju
rew
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f~l'S'fetl1
312
indulge in erotic pleasure.

~M'lh;] [IlaIci] See
feM'Gltil.
11
fel'S'F~d [Ilavnt] See feM'<i!d3. fth;r [I 11] See fuM" an d fu'c;).

~ [I11ati] See ~ I.
fuHru [IIah]!-I! adj worthy of worship. 2
supreme Lord, God, Allah. "e Ilah! tE Ih kas kina."-carItr 277. ~ [Ilahi] A adjrelated toAJjah\ godly, divine. "gurmukhI pai dat IIahi."'::"BG. ~ [IIak] JU! light, glitter, shine. ~ [Ilaka] A ,J/l 11 a connection, link, relation. 2 a province, territory. 3 a state. fuHrtit [IIad] See feMiGltil. ~ [IIaj] A [;... /l 11 an effort, a measure. 2 means to recover from a disease. 3 a device, plan. ~ [Ilabrat] See feM'~d3. ~ [Ilam] A (~I a certificate, a commendation card, a letter of recommendation. 2 a written note, permit. "tab kaji lIkhdin Ilam."-GPs. "ta s6 Iar kaji pahI gai, IE Ilam pyadan sag ai."-carItr 334. fuwH3' [Ilamat] See l'>IWH3". Fel'S'Gltfl [Ilayci] SktT!fIT 11 cardamom, L Alpinia Cardamomum. According to physicians, its effect is dry-hot; it refreshes the heart and brain, increases appetite; removes foul smell from the mouth and cleanses the throat. It cures the diseases of kidney and urinary bladder; and stops vomiting. Fel'SiGltn ~ [Ilayci dal)a] 11 seeds of cardamom, rolled in sugar syrup or sugarcoated. People in Amritsar take it to their homes as consecrated food; it is also called a makhal)a. (a kind of sweet drop) See~. fel'S'~d3 [Ilavarat] Skt ~ or '~(l 11 according to Bhagvat, a region of Jambudvip, (one of the seven regions of the world including India) which is west of Malyavan mountian, east of Gandhamadean, south of Nilgiri and north ofNishid mountain. ~ [Ilava] See ~.
fE'Mr [Ilia] A V! part but.

11 a demon, son of Vipracit born to Sihinka. His story as given in Ramayan and Mahabharat is thus: He changed his brother Vatapi into a ram and used to serve its cooked flesh to Brahmans, later he would call Vatapi who would tear the Brahman's body and re-emerge killing the eater in the process. Once when sage Agast was so served, he digested Vatapi who could not come out at I1val's call. ~ [IV], ~ [IV] Skt ~ vr to be satisfied and contented; to please. 2 adv thus, like this, in this manner. "jo IV bujhE su sahajI samal)a." -prabha kdbir. thus. 3 now. "IV ChU~E phIn phas na paI."-oakar. 4 Skt ~ part equal. 5 surely, certainly. 6 as if. ~m [IV hi] only in this way, thus alone. See ~. "bIkhai dIn rEn IV hi gudarE."-sar m 5. 'spends day and night uselessly.' fear [Ivaj] A J ~ 11 a change, an exchange, replacement. ~ [IVe] adv thus, in this manner. ~ [Iveha] adv like this, resembling this, in this way. "phI~ Iveha jivIa jItu khaI vadhaIa pet."-var suhi m 1. W [Ira] Skt ~ a vein recognized in Yog which originating from the left nostril and passing along the left side of the spine, reaches the brain. Through this vein yogins practise regulated and controlled respiration. It is also called lunar vein because its god is the moon. "Ira pIgla sukhman bade."-gdU kabir. 2 a cow. 3 the eal1h. 4 a praise. 5 goddess Durga. ;'Tra mrIra bhima jagdha trL "-sdloh. 6 mother of Pururava, mentioned as wife of Budh and daughter DfVaivasvat Manu. 7 step-
JI
~ [Ilval] Skt
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mother of Krishan and one of the wives of Vasudev. Et [i] Skt ~ vr to go, expand, desire, eat, throw, send, prompt. 2 suf Et is added to adjectives to form nouns like ~ from ljOl:f, fl:r.rot from RJll'O etc. It is also used to form words of feminine gender like Ul;ft from l.ih:rr, R'it from "Fl'cr etc. 3 n Lachhmi. 4 Sarasvati. "gUT parbati rna i."-japu. 'Guru is Durga, Lachhmi (}IT) and Sarasvati (El).' 5 pron this. 6 part a confirmatory word. "karam dharam sagla i khovE:."-dhma m 5. 7 it also indicates the second case as in "srkhi atE sagti parbraham karr namaskarIa."~ram val' 3. 'Individual Sikhscand ,?ongregations bowed to you for being tralTscendent God.' 8 See if. if [i] sufmeaning plural subjective case; by from, with etc. "morl rul). jhul). lara."-vaq m 1. 'Peacocks dance and sing.' "gall hau sohagal).r bhEl).e."-asa patti m 1. 'apparently happy in wedlock.' 2 P J.:' pron this. [is] Skt tlr.r n master, husband, owner. 2 God, master of the world. "tau gOl). is baran nahi sakau."-nat a m 4. 3 a king. 4 Rudar, Shiv. 5 Vishnu. "is mahesaru dey trnhi atu na para."~varmala m 1. 6 Skt~ vr to have authority, have power. 7 Skt ~ vr to kil I, go, see, pick. 8 Dg a furrow. tlFrc fiftl'>w cf'l../7ft [isat f qia kapni] Many companies bearing this name have been active in South Asia, ofwhich the British and French companies are well known. The first French company was formed in 1604 AD and the British East Company was established on 31 December 1600 with a capital of 72,000 authorised to trade: with India, China and other eastern countries. Captain Hippon opened its first office in India in 1610-11. After getting emperor Jahangir's approval
-em
in 1612 for increased business, a factory was set up in' 1613. Then in 1634, orders from Shahjahan to open two workshops in Bengal were procured. In 1668 the company got Bombay from Charles II which the king had received from Portugal as a part of dowry. During the reign of James II, in 1690 admiral Nicholson was called by the company with a fleet of 12 warships, 200 guns and 600 soldiers to protect its territorial and other interests. Gradually the company increased its military strength. It purchased Calcutta and several other towns in 1698 and established Fort William. In 1757 Clive defeated Bengal's Subeclar Nawab Sirajudaula and o~cupied a large part of his kingdom. In this way the British also extended their hegemony to other parts of the country. In 1772, the British Parliament decided to exercise its control on the company's political activities. At last in 1858 the company handed over the rule of India to Queen Victoria of England and in 1877 the Queen of England assumed the title of Empress of India. tlHliiHel [isphajai] See elHSHel. 8'1HsdlM [isabgol] P Jk' n a drug fleawort, Plantago ovata or ispagula, which has leaves like the ears of a horse (asap). Its effecl1s moist, cold and it is used in several medicines. ILcures dysentelry and softens intestines. Its Arabic name is t,w.1% and Latin name is Plantango isphagula. e1HsHe1 [isbajail a Pathan tribe. "isbajai baqo dal ek."~GPs. ~~ is a different tribe. 'ilmr [isarlor -ern-2" [isaru] Skt E'tJ:p:f n possessor of supermacy and glory, God. 2 Shiv. "isaru brahma sevde a1:u trnhi na lahia."-var guj I m 3.3 a particular yogi who preached Gorakh Nath's cult. "bolE isaru satr sarup."-var ram 1 m 1. 4 a king. "baran abaran raku nahi
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isaru."-bIla ravidas. 5 master, owner. 6 one who has power and glory. -etmr [isar sIgh] See ~. 2 a resident of Sihen village in Bangar region and a prominent member of Nishanwali Mis!. He rendered great service to the Sikh Panth. He received seven wounds during the great Holocaust. Akali Phula Singh was his son. See ~ fi:fur. elHdihi [israstra] adj ~'d"-~ weapon of the great master. "krIsan ballabha pratham kahI israstra kahI at."-scmama. 'Krishan's darling Yamuna, its master Varun and his weapon, the noose.' ~ [isaru] See~. 2 Godship, lordship. ~~ [isvi] A Jr:f adj related to Christ; Christian era as in "isvi san." ~ FrO [isvi san] n year commencing from the birth of Christ, Christian calendar which commences from Bikrami Sammat 57. 1 In English books the year numeral is followed by AD, abbreviation ofAnn. (year) Domini (ofour lord), while dates preceding the birth of Christ are marked with the suffix BC (before Christ) ~ [iSfu] a village in Samrala tehsil of Ludhiana district. For merly in Nabha state, it has a gurdwara ded icated to Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh Guru. ~ [isa] 2:::: Jesus was the son ofYusaf(Joseph), a carpenter of Palestine.::' According to the Bible, the angel Gabriel came to Virgin Mary and told her that she would become pregnant and would give birth to a preacher of religion in Bethlehem.>
mur
Accordingly, Christ was born in 57 Bikrami. Among the Christians, he is known as the son of God. According to the Quran, at the time of his birth, people of the tribe asked Mary how she a virgin gave birth to a child in Bathlehem. Mary pointed to the infant and told them that they could ask the child itself. At this the child asserted his coming from God and removed people's suspicion (See Quran, 'IJdO 1-ffum.r (lines 27-31). According to the Jews, Christ underwent circumcision and received baptism from John. He started preaching at the age of 30 and made many disciples of whom twelve are regarded as his primary followers. He roamed about in many cities and villages preaching the new religion and showing miracles, but because his teachings were contrary to the current usage and rituals, opposition to him grew among the Jews who, especially the chief priest of Jerusalem, became hostile towards him. Finding him an impediment to his own position, he became Christ's chief enemy and alleged that Jesus called himself the son of God and spread unrest among the people. So Jesus was dragged to the court of the Pilate. Knowing full well that Jesus was innocent, the Pilate sentenced him to be produced before king Herod who ordered Jesus to be put on the Cross. Accordingly, Jesus was nailed in hands and feet to the Cross (t)and was thus killed. The grave of this great soul is in Jerusalem. He was hardly 33 years old at the time of his death. The Bible also tells that Lord Christ became alive after death; his body disappeared from the grave and he was seen by several persons after that. The symbol of the cross hung in Churches and worn by the devout around their neck,
In fact in fixing the Christian Calendar a mistake offour years and 6 days has been made but this correction has not been inserted to avoid confusion. The use of this Calendar started in 532 AD.
2See Swinton's outlines of the World History p. 189. 'This city is 5 miles south of Jerusalem in Palestine.
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signifies the above incidents. Christians believe that Christ by sacrificing himselfwashed away the sins of his believers and that all who believe in him shall be blessed. 2 See E'lR. 3 Skt Etw Durga. 4 wife of one's master. 5 power, strength. 6 long shaft of a plough. 7 spokes of a wheel. ~ [isai] P Jl.-:f adjrelating to Jesus. 2 n a follower of the Christian religion; a Christian. "lw }:flO [isa xan] a chief of Manjh tribe who for a time was subedar ofDoaba. He inflicted. severe atrocities upon the Sikhs and killed Kapur Singh Bairar. See~. ~1? [isaxd] a branch of Usman Khail Pathans. 2 several other Pathan sub-castes are included in it. ~ [isan] Skt~. n Shiv; Rudar. 2 north east. 3 master. ~ [i:;iIni] See E1=lfo 2. itJJ [isu], ~ [isur] ~ [isuru] See ~. 2 who has a fortune; wealthy. 3 a king. "rak nahi isuru."-bIla ravidas. ~ riSE] to God. 2 on or over God. "balI balI jai prabhu apnE iSE."-illaru solhe ill 5. 3 of God. "nahI nED disE bInu bhajan iSE ChOQI maIa calIa."-jEt eMit ill 5. Eb:r [isr] See ~. ~ [israDI], itJ:r<ft [israI)i] ~7i't [isrcmi] n an army of a god; a king's anny.-sanama. Ebfo [i$var] See ElRo. m [ih] Skt~vr to try; to exert oneself; to desire. ~ [iham] P Ll' this too, also this. tkJr [iha] n a desire. "prabhu darsan ki man mahf iha."-GPs. 2 a movement; an effort. 3 an attempt. 4 adv here. See roo "iha khatI calhu han laha."~sohIla. tkJ+ [iM] adv here, at this place. 2 in this world. "ihi'i sukh agE gatI pai."-asa m 5. ro ~ui [ihi'i uM] here and there. 2 in this as also in the next world. "ihi'i uhi'i sada suheli."
-gauill 5. [ik] adj one; indivisible. "varat-hI sabh mahI ik."~prabha ill 4. ~ [ikre] Den advthis side, in this direction, hither. iIif [ik$] Skt ~q vr to see, wait. ~ [ik$ak] Skt adj a seer, an observer, onlooker. ~ [ik$aD] Skt n a glimpse; dar$an. 2 an idea; a survey. 3 an eye. 'ih:r [ikh] See recr. "sabad rate mithe ras ikh." -gau ill 1. 2 See iIif. 3 Skt ~ vr to go. ~ [ikhDa] Skt~n a desire; an inclination. 2 a search, an exploration. ~ [ikhat], ~ [ikhad] Skt ~ adj little, some, meagre. "nahI sudh ikhad rahi sarira."-NP Ell:fO [ikhan] eyes, See E'L~. "pIkhE $ighr hi sukh lahf ikhan."-GPs. 2 Skt~ advsoon, quickly. ~ [ikhna] See ~. tt'i:lRr [lgar], Efqro [igur] Skt ~ cinnabar, mercuric sulphide. It is a mineral and is mainly imported from China. Bright red in colour, women use it for making mark on the forehead for beautifying themselves. ''igar ki bfduri ju bIrajE."-knsan. It is also used in several medicines; its effect is warm and dry. L Sulphunatum Hydrargyrium. tlurT [igM], tlUr [ighel, Eli.lt [1ghel, illlt [ighE], EfUl' [ighE] Bg advEt(this) uP' (direction), here, hither, this side, in this direction. 2 in this world. tIUt ~ [ighE ughEl, EfUl' ~ [lghE ughE] here and there, hither and thither. "ighE nIrgun UghE sargun kel karat bICI suami mera."-bIla ill 5. 2 in this world and in the next. ffio't [icIni], ~ [lchuni] P Lll adv like this, thus. "mam iCIni ahval."-tIl.:ig ill 1. Etso [ichan] eyes. See ~. "pochat ichan
J:?
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~vacchanan
chabI."-NP
itw [ija] A,.;:, n a torture; an affliction;

excruciation.
ttwB" [ijad] A
suggestion.
.>~l
n a discovery, new
m [it], ~ [itIka] Skt fu n a brick. "mat kou marE It c;lhem."-bClsat kClbir. ilit [iti] S mit n a piece of wood about five or six inches long and one and half to two inches thick at the centre and tapered at both ends.It is tied to each end of a cord wrapped around the churning stick to make a grip while milk is churned to produce butter. "Ihu manu ip hathI kar-hu phun netrau nid na aVE."-suhi m 1. 'Make this mind the tapered stick of a churning cord so that eyes will not feel sleepy.' lith], iter [itha] Skt~ adjdesired, loved, See~. "ith mit kou sakha nahI."-bClsat CI m 5. 'No one is a friend or companion in need.' 2 dear, darling. "sunhI nan nar laghf ithe."-NP ~ [ic;l] Skt vr to praise, admire. tfuror [ic;lak] Dg n a cattle-drum, war-drum. ~ [ic;luri] n the lower part of a leg; calf; shank. 2 kind of a cushion; a loop placed on the head while carrying a water pitcher etc. See tlQ. lfur [it] adv hither, on this side. 2 in this world. "nam ek adhar bhagta it agE tek."-guj m 5. 3 See rn. lfur ~ [it ut], El3fu ~ [it-hI ut-hI] adv here and there. hither and thither. 2 in this and the next world. "it ut nahi bichu[E." -dh;;ma m 5. "it-hI ut-hI ghatI ghatI."-asa m5. [itI], ESt [iti] Skt~ n factors destructive or damaging to crops. Scholars have mentioned six or seven such factors: (a) too much rain;
t!1G [it],
(b) no rain; (c) excess of rats; (d) too many insects, birds like parrots; (e) hailstorm; (f) passage of enemy army through the fields; and (g) diseases of plants like microbic attack of tela and wheat rust. "sapat itI ko bhitI na pava."-NP. 2 a quarrel, fracas. 3 an infectious diseases like cholera, plague. etc. ~ lid] A .JC n a festive occasion; festival. Important Muslim festivals are: (1) id ul Itr a festival of breaking fast. At the end of fasts during the month of Ram-zan, this is done on seeing the new moon. (2) Idulazha ~ j)l.JC a festival of sacrifice celebrated on the tenth of the month of wal hIjjah, when an animal must be sacrificed. One part of it is sent to relatives, the second part is distributed among the poor and the third part is kept by the ritualists for their own use. The sacrifice ofa cow is called bakrah id. In Arabic bakrah means a cow. This Eid is called id-ulkabir (the greater Eid) "jake idI bakridI kul gau re badh kar-hI."-mClla rClvidas. (3) ~abe barat ..::.-'/.""':-- Prophet Muhammad's order is that on the fifteenth night of the month of shaban, Musalmans should not sleep but fast and read fifty passages of Quran. During this night, God enters in his register their actions of the year. Now a-days people, contrary to the Prophet's orders, hold fire works ar.:~ lavishly spend on food and drinks on this occasion. (4) mroz hJ} new day, is a week long festival among the Muslim.! (5) The last cahar ~abah ~ .J~ t.5.JJ falls on the last Wednesday of the month of safar, and is celebrated in commemoration of the
rUe-
IParsi nJroz is different from this.
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day on which prophet Muhammad had a bath after recovering from illness. (6) Idturr GaIb o.I')I..?-! The night of completing duty falls on the night ofthe first Friday of the month of rajab. It constitutes fasting and prayers. (7) m;)lud JYy' (lit. newborn child) falling on the 12 th of rabi-ul-avval is prophet Muhammad's birthday. ~~ [idgah] P n'f~ n a place for gathering and performing prayer on the Eid day. m [idI] on the day of Eid. See B'ltr 2. ~FI" [idns], ~ [idnk] Skt 'fue:r adv looking like this, resembling this. 2 of this kind or shape. ~ [idhal)], ~ [idhal)u], Eft:rcr;. [ldhan] See fiQ7l. "idhal)u kitomu ghal)a."-var jEt. "idhanu adhIk sakeli bhai, pavaku racak paI."-sor a m 1. ~ 3" a-~ [idhan te bEsataru] ][n a hymn in Ramkali Rag, Guru Arjan Dev writes: (1) idh;m te bEsataru bhagE. (2) mati kau jalu dahdIs tIagE. (3) upan caran tal akasu. (4) ghat I mahI SIdhu kio pargasu.... (5) prathmE makhanu pach dudhu. (6) mdu kino sabunu sudhu. (7) bhE te nIrbhau Qarta phIr. (8) hodi kau al)hodi hIrE. (9) dehi gupat bIdehi dis. ... (10) thagal)har al)thagda thagE. (11) bIn vakhar phIrI phIrI uthI lagE. -ram m 5. It means: (1) Desire for enjoyment runs away from the means available. (2) A compassionate mind at peace with itself completely forsakes the habit of laziness. (3) Feeling to serve has risen high and
frrr,
rn
pride has gone down. (4) An ocean of virtue has settled in the heart. (5) Urge for erudition has preceded bookish knowledge. (6) Lowly and inconsequential persons have purified the reforming pandits. (7) The one who used to flee in fear has now become fearless. (8) The existence of the world is getting obliterated at the hands of its non-existence. (9) The soul hidden in body is becoming manifest. (10) The proligate and their profligacy which had deceived the world are being deceived by the spiritual being. (11) The spiritual being tries again and again to prove the quality of the non-saleable merchandise, with the exercise of his spiritual knowledge. i\Qfo [idhanI] with fuel. "jIU pavaku idhanI nahi dhrap."-sukhmani. Ett:rQ [idhanu] See ~. m [in] P law, rule. 2 statute. 3 management, arrangement. [in hayat] P .,:.,pd1.2 n life-pension, life-insurance. 'ffiQ [inu] a circular cushion. See ~ artd E ~. "inu gagar tare tIkavat."-GPs. Eh..rw [ipsa] Skt ~ n a desire, wish, craving, yearning. ~ [ibhE] Dg adv this side, here. 2 in this world. ~ ~ [ibhE ubhE] adv here and there; hither and thither. 2 in this world and in the next world. "ibh bithalu ubhE bithalu."-asa namdev. 'ttw rima] A lG' a signal; a gesture. rima], ElJ..rro [imanl, ~ [imanu] A \:JLI n acceptance, belief, faith, trust. "hOI kIrsal)
d,n
m(Jtii13"
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iman jamaIIE."-sri m 1. 2 religion, faith. n sticking to faith and creed. [imafagan] P (:.Il.f adjwho throws away faith; who renounces religion. m [ir] SkI t"\ n wind, air. 2 movement, inspiration. 3 ~ vr to goad; to push; to inspire; to motivate. ~ [irakh], tIol:fT [irkha] SkI ~ vr to envy. *rf n envy, jealousy, malice. "suad bad irakh mad maIa."-suhi m 5. ~ [iraj] P bfl younger son of king Faridun after whom the country was named Iran. See
rn ~ rima parasti] PO'.; (:.Il.l
E is also used for the verb ~ as in 'kartar nal

pIarkardae.' t~ [eu] pron this. 2 adv in this way, thus. "bhuli malni! hE eU."-asa kabir. ~ [eu]pron this, these. "eu jia bahut grabhI vase."-bavan. 2 this very, these very. ~ [ea!).a] adj innocent, ignorant, inexperienced. "adha 10k na ja!).ai murakh ea!).a."-gau kabir. 2 a child. ~ [eanat] A ..,::;l.;1 aid, help. 2..,::;kY seeing, watching, search. m [eI] pron this. "eI kah-hI SIdhI pai." -gaukabir. ffi lei] pron ttit this very. "ei sagal vIkar." -maru m 3. "haumE ei badhna."-var asa m 2. tJ:r res] pron See fuR. "es nau hor thau nahi." -an~du. 2 n ilH lord, master. 3 adj worthy of worship, adorable. "kahO mahes ko es bakhanyo."-33 savEye. "esan es naresan ke sut."-ramav. 4 In Dasam Granth tFrhas been used for ft:fur, as in ~ (for Kharag Singh) ~Ff, ~ etc. At present Sikh poets are with their names, as for using tR for example. "sumeres top ke dharake taha Ese hot." See 'IJifo ft:fur. trrfo [esam] n ilH (king) })ffo (army). king's army. -sanama. 2 mistress, a female owner. tJ:r ~ res bhu], tFr ~ res bhua] n ~ (earth) ilH (owner); master of the earth; a king. "suta tE es bhua."-cantr 259. Ew [esa] adj tw like this. 2 plural and vocative ofilH (owner). "he! is." tJJ [esu] See tFr. ~ [esuraj] See ~. tBo [esur], ~ [esur!).a] Skl~ adjrelated to the Supreme Master; God's; king's. "ra!). gajjIy ketak esur!).;)."-kalki. 'Many kings thundered in the battlefield.' 2 n rank and position of a king, kingship. ~ [esvar] See ~ and ~.
rn:GcllO
~.
[ira!).] SkI n a pushing, goading, driving. 2 squeezing. 3 talk, statement. See m. ~ [iran] P (:.Ilfl See ~ and ~. ~ [irani] P j'fl adjan inhabitant ofPersia. 2 n a Parsee. 3 the Persian language. ~ [HIt] SkI adj said, stated. 2 prompted. 3 squeezed. ~ [ivri] n E, the third character of Punjabi script. "ivri adIpurakh hE data."-asa pCJti m 1. See E. rn live], 'it'~: live] adv for nothing, purposelessly, in vain. 2 thus, like this, in this manner. '8'13' [ir] Skl'ts n praise, admiration. Et.it [iri] See E and ~. t tel pron they. 2 this. "mai! manu mero baSI nahI; nIS basur bIkhIan kau dhavat, kIhI bIdhI rokau tahI? bed puran SImrItI ke matI sunI nImakh nahi e l basavE."-sor m 9. 'This mind understanding the least.' "e akhar khHI jahIge."-gau bavan kabir. 3 part also used in vocatives. "e man cacla! caturai kInE na paIa."-an~du. 4 SkI n Vishnu. 5 in Punjabi
I
mur
It is incorrect to say that those who recite bani orally
don't understand the meaning since the mind does not dwell in the heart.
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~'ffi'I' [esvaraj] See~.
[esvarja] cpd king's daughter. "madr des esvarja ban jab."-VN ~ [e$varay] Skt~n supremacy, soven;ignty. 2 majesty, glory. 3 supernatural powers. 4 kingship. 5 rule, government. ETI [eh]pran this, it, these. 2 this world. "adhE nam VIsarIa na tIsu eh na oh."-sri m 1. 3 Skt n anger. ETI fro- [eh oh] pran this and that. 2 n this world and the next world. E~ [ehsan] A dl?1 gratitude, gratefulness. 2 favour, help, philanthropy. Euo [ehar], ~ [ehar] adjofthis.2; advon this side, in this direction, hither. ~ 3ts" [ehar tehar] mine and yours. "ehar tehar chaq.I ttl guru ka sabadu pachm:m."-var sor m 3. 2 of this and of that. Et:rr [eha] pran this very, this only, only these. "eha matI vIsekh."-sri m 4. "haumE eha jatI hE."-var asa m 2. 2 adj like this; resembling this. Em [ehi] pran this very; only this or these. 2 adj like this, resembling this. Ey [ehu] See E'U. Eft [eho] pran this very; undoubtedly this. "eho pachotau."-s f<'Jrid. 2 only this. Ee{ [ekl adj one. "ek dIV<'JS man bhai umag." -b<'Jsat ramanad. 2 unparalleled, unique. "man I tanI japI ek bhagvat."-sukhm<'Jni. 3 n oneness, unity. 4 God, Vahguru, See ~. E~ [ekaul adj one only; the only one. "ekau SImrau nanka."-JSBB. ~ ~ [ek akkhri], ~ ~ [ek acchri] Skt ~~ a varDIk stanza, which assumes many forms. (I) The first form is Sri, each of its four lines comprises one guru character. Example: "hE-gE-IE-kE." (having taken along hors~:s and
E~
elephants). (2) The second form is mahi metre comprising four feet beginning with the same character, each foot being structured as IS, such as. "ajE-aIE-abhE-abE. "-japu. (3) The next is mngedr metre comprising four jagan feet (structured 151) and each foot beginning with the same character. Example: "agaj-abhag-alakkh-abhakkh."-japu. (4) The fourth is $a$i metre comprising four jagan feet (structured ISS), each foot beginning with the same character. Example: "na rage"na rupe-na rekhe." (5) In the last form, the entire metre is structured with oniy one character, example: "keki kok kak ki kuk." ... 'cries of a peacock, a ruddy she-drake, and a vulture.' Ee{ fIt:r [ek adh] adj one odd, rare, some, hardly any. "tera jan ek adh koi."-keda k<'Jbir. 2 pran some one. ECUI' [ekas] See ~. "ekas ke gun gau anat."
-sukhm<'Jni.
~ [ek sabad] adj the one word, demonstrating the singularity ofGod. 2 Guru's instruction, that has no equal to it. "eksabad Ik bhIkhIa magE."-g<'Ju m 1. Ee{ m.rtft [ek sabadil See fec(Hat!l. Ee{ Frif liT 1')f'3'HT [ek samE sri atma] 'Akal Ustat' contains couplets (201 to 210) ofwhich the first nine are in the form of questions to the intellect about the soul, but their answers are not included. Scholars of various sects have suggested certain answers which are given here together with the original couplets. "ek samE sri atma ucaryo matI SIU bEn, sabh pratap jagdis ka kaho sagal bIdhI tm." Once the soul asked the intellect, to relate completely all glories of God in full detail.
Ee{
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Mind's queries: da:;; fdrIan hoykE sukh bhogan hE bhog. 1 ko atma sarup hE, kahf srI:;;tik bIcar, jag ko sukhdayak krIya gurumat me hE karm, km dharm, ko karm hE, kaho sagal vIstar. VI:;;V dukhavan lobh va:;;I jana so apkarm. 2 kahf jitab, kahf maran hE, kavan surg, kahf .4 man va:;; karna sam ahE dam fdrIn jEkar, nark, dur k,3ran anyay hIt larE su :;;ur VICar. ko sughra ko murhta, kaha tark, aVItark. data vIdyadanI hE aru nI:;;kam udar, 3 ko nfda, jas hE kavan, kavan pap, kahf satynam aru vahguru m;'itr tatv nIrdhar. dharm, 5 jake trI:;;na adhIk hE sai r;'ik pachan, kavan jog, ko bhog hE, kavan karm, apkarm. s;'itakhi utsah yut raja leva jan. 4 kaho su sam kas6 kahr, dam ko kaha kah;'it, duvIdha tyag;:m har~ hE cfta jano :;;ak, ko sura, data kavan, kaho t;'it ko m;'it. rogi vI:;;yasakt hE ragi CItt arok. 5 kaha r;'ik, raja kavan, harakh sog hE bn, 6 sahIt vIvek su rI:;;t hE pu:;;t prakramvan, ko rogi, ragi kavan, kaho tatt muhI tJn. mngtrI:;;na aru svapan vat sn:;;tI da:;;a lIhu jan. 6 kavan rI:;;t, ko pu:;;t hE, kahl srI:;;tik vICar, manu:;; tan saphla kIyo jIn :;;ubh karm kamaI, kavan sn:;;t, ko bhrI:;;t hE, kaho sagal vIstar. sui :;;re:;;th, yate ulat jag me bhra:;;t kahn. 7 kaha karm kukarm hE, kaha bharm ko nas, 7 sadacar jag karm hE dura car upkarm, kaha cItan ki chesta, kaha acet prakas. gursIkhya kar brahm ko gyan, na:;; hE bharm. 8 kaha nem, s;'ijam kaha, kah;'i gyan agyan, maya ke s;'iyag kar cetan ce:;;ta jan, ko rogi, sogi kavan, kaha bharm ki han. tngun as;'igat brahm me tIm ace~ta man. 9 ko sura, sudar kavan, kaha jog ko sar, 8 Ikras jap vrat dharba taka kahIye nem, tyag phajuli sarvada s;'ij;:;m dayak khem. ko data, gyani kavan, kahf VIcar aVIcar. -akal. gyan yatharath vastu ka bhakhat gyani gyan, This is intellect's reply. lakhan Jr ka Jr hi yahi rup agyan. rogi sada as;'ijmi sogi cftavan, 1 sat CIt an;'id aj amar vyapak param anup, vI:;;vnath devadhIpatI hE yah atam rup. jatI patI aru chut ko tyagan bhram ki han. jEse jal te budbuda Jr tar;'ig akar, 9 manjeta sura ahE sudar hE gUl).van, jab CIt ki thIrta bhai sar yog yah man. tEse puran brahm te jano SrI:;;tI VIcar. data Ik kartar hE gyani nanak dey, tatvgyan hIt y~tan sad yahE dharm nIj jan, tatpar ho upkar me karm param :;;ubh man. jo agyani pa:;;u naran turat banavE dey. 2 sadacar aru ya:;; sahIt jivan jivan ahI, gurumat anmat saty ko khojan ahE VIcar, bhedcal ki ;'idhgatI lehu aVIcar. apya:;; Jr vIkar yut jIyan maran jag mahI. -eCUJ'"ij" [eksar] See ~. man ki :;;ati svarag hE narak deh abhIman, -eafl::rg" [eksIdhu] n the Creator, God who on parE na va~ kfh vI:;;ay ke tako sughra jan. determination is proved matchless. "eksIdhu vI:;;ayprayan murh hE tark sacc partitI, jIni dhIaIa."-ram m J. so aVItark pachaniE jo yate vIpritI. 3 bhaganpratIgya nfd hE aru ral). pith dIkhan, -ecr~~ urfu~ [ek suan kE ghan gavl).a] sen to be sung in the same tune and beat of satypratIgya virta yahE jagat ya:;; jan. the hymn: "ek suan dUI suani nalI." Thus it dharamkIrat ko tyagno pap maha jIy man, is sung; in this lies the training to do so. khatt ghaIIkE devno pun na ya sam an. vahguru me CItt ki lagan kahavE jog, 2 See URf.
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at a time. [eksut] adj of the same opInion, ~3' [ekdat] Skt n Ganesh or Gajanan, who concurring. 2 strung on or the same thre:ad. EorFt [eksE] to the mind. "sClbh 10k sCllahe has only one tooth. See~. '8Olr~Hrc [ekdrIsatI] n viewing all as equal. eksE."-bClsat m 1. 2 one thing. Ear ~ [ek CClk$u], Fer ~ [ekcClcchu] blind in "ekdrI SCltI kClrI SamSClrI jal).E jogi kClhiE soi."-suhi m 1. one eye. "ek CClcchu ki bat sun rijh rahe mClharaj."-carItr 54. 2 treating everyone E~ar [ekdrIk] adj one-eyed; blind in one eye. 2 free from discrimination between the equally. 3 n Shukar, the teacher of demons. high and the low; possessing divine 4 Jayant, son ofIndar. 5 a crow. See R'GT3'. Eorft:f3' [ekcItt] adj with rapt mind, attentive. knowledge. 3 n Shiv. 4 a crow. 5 Venus. '80l(')id'l~3 [eknarivrClt] monogamy; the norm "ekcItt jIh Ik chIn dhyayo."-akal. to forego second marriage when the first wife E~ [ekchCltr] a kingdom having a single is alive. "eka nari jClti hUI."-BG "trIy ek crowned head of state. None else is entitled to hold a canopy over his head. See ~ro'H. vyah nClhI kin vyah."-datt. ~ [ekqal] adj a weapon without a separate EW-re [ekpCldl, '801tfTt!" [ekpad] Skt n paradise. handle or grip, but having the grip and the 2 Mount Kailash. 3 Kerala, now called Malabar. 4 an inhabitant of Malabar. 5 an blade in one place. Fcr3' [ekClt] Skt"Q,CF?r adj at one place, collected ascetic who meditates standing on one leg. together. "niru dhClrCll).I kClrI rakhe e1~Clt." 6 God whose one foot comprises the entire world. 7 one manifestation of Shiv out of -saram5. 2~. See~. ECE"a" [ekCltClr] Skt adj one of the two. eleven Rudars. EOl3T [ekta], ~ [ekatu] Skt n unity, accord, '8qa" [ekClb] Ear-l?ro. "pran ekab kClrh5." -krIsan. oneness. E~ [ekbhClt] adj a unique soldier who has $amIl ho pir me $Clrir mCl bhed rakh no equal. "PCltIt udharCll). ekbhClte."-akal. atClr kClpClt jJ ugharE to ugharjaI, ~ [ekbhaI] n the idea of oneness; absence ESO that thanE jJ bIna hl1 yatr matI' kClre of duality. 2 adv with a single idea. "ekbhaI sap ko jahIr yS utarE to utClrjaI, dekhClU SClbh nari."-gau kabir. 'thakur' kClhIt yClh kClthIn nCl jano bchu ~ [ekbhar] adj an object or measure put ekta kIye te kClho kaha na sudharjaI? car jane car hu dI$a te car kone gahI for weighing in one pan of the balance. "patal meru ko hIlaykE ukharl': to ukharjaI. puria ek bhar hovllI."-prabha m 1. See~. 2 equality, parity. "ekCltu raCE pClrhClrI dOI." '8co-r [ekClm] n the first day of either fortnight -bas;'Jt a m 1. of a lunar month. See P "l:iIWf. "ekClm ekakar nIrala."-bIla m I thIti. 2 adj unparalleled; E~ [ekCltr] See Fcr3'. unique. "ekClm ekE apI upaIa."-majh am 3. E~ [ebtv] See EcBr. Emf [ekthE] adj (collected) at one place. 3 first. ~ [ekda] Skt advonce only. 2 once; at one E<mfu [ekmClI], Em-rfurr [ekmClIa], E"Ol1-IEt [ekmCli], ~ [ekmCly] adj one form which time. on E~ [ekdesi] Skt Fer ~. adj who keeps merging with others does not remain distinct. "sace suce ekmClIa."-sIdh gosatI. affiliation with only one place or one country
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unity, union. 5 part only one; one only. "eka Jt gahuha."-asa ill 5. 6 SkI "l!>Cf\T n a goddess; Durga. E"O(T E~ [eka ek] adv suddenly; all at once. 2 adj different from one another. E~ ~ ~ ljE, ~ ~ BTfu, BTfu ~ Eqr Em [eka eki] adj who lives in seclusion. 6m l;;fE BTfu ld"Ql:f "('iTij" [ek mdr;}te dOI 2 living separately from all. 3 unbounded mue, dOI mdr;}tah can, can mdr;}tah chah follower of monism. "rdh-hI lIV lage eka eki mue, can purakh dOI nan ]-s kClbir. With the sdbddu bicar."-guj CI ill 1. 4 n a decision, dying of the self, two (attachment and duality) settlement. "eka eki kIye bIn hdm mIlhI also die; not only these two but also the four na javE:."-GPs. remaining ones die. Of these, four are Ewm [ekasi], E~ [ekasih) Skt Ecrnlf3", mascul ine: joy, grief, birth and death and two eighty-one, 81. feminine: desire and envy, which also come E~ [ekahari) adjwho eats only one thing. to end. 2 On the death of ignorance, two, 2 who eats only once a day. insecurity and confusion, also die, and with Eqrcft [ekaki] See fuoroft 2. the death of these two, four delusions (self ~ [ekak$) SkI adj one-eyed; blind of one knowledge in lifeless intellect, constant eye. See~. intellect in inconstant body, comfOli in pain ~ [ekak$ar] See ~. and pure intellect in impure body) also vanish E~ [ekak$ri] See E~ nl'iRit. 2 a Sankrit dictionary, giving meanings of one lettered and with the disappearance of these four, the six states of pleasure, pain, birth, death, envy nouns. It was compiled by a scholar Purushotam Dev. In Hindi Nand Das has also and desire also disappear. Of these six, two are feminine and four are masculine. provided several meanings of each word in E~ oeo [ek rddan] n Ganesh (with one tooth) couplets, as for example. Example: See~. Em? [ekal], Ea"W [ekla] adj alone, without "go fdri go yak jdl go dka$ dISI cMd, company of another. 2 peerless, matchless, go dhdr go taru go kIrdn go paldk gobfd." second to none. 3 on Iy one, one on Iy. "ekdl E"O(T1:ffi [ekakhdr] one letter, one character. 2 the eternal one, God. mati kOjdr citi bhajdn hE: bahu nana re."-mali EWaT [ekag] n the numeral one, I See ft:;O(ior. namdev. ~ ~ [ek vdcdn] n singular number in 2 SkI ~ a limb. 3 part of anything. E"O(TiJfij" [ekagar] Skl1J,Cf>llJ adj concentrating on grammar. 2 one word, one utterance. E~ ~ [ek yak], EO(~lo(Jf31 [ekvakyta] SkI one thing. 2 free from volitility, stable, calm. "savdhan ekagdr cit."-sukhmcmi. l!>Cf\qlCf4dI n concurrence, accord, agreement. EOS" [ekar] adj alone. 2 n an acre, a measure EWaft [ekagi] SkI l!>Cf\l'sjTI'"\ adj having one limb only. 2 favouring one side. 4,840 square yards of area. E"O(TOj [ekagr] See ~. Eorr [eka] n the numeral 1 (one). 2 the Creator, God. 3 a worshipper of the only One. "eke ~ [ekagrdta] n concentration, absence of playfulness. 2 mental poise. kau SdCU eka jal).."-sIdhgosCitI. 4 oneness,
E~ ~
ti';1 fi..rfl? -a-~ [ek mdre p;}ce mIlI rovhI] -asa CI ill 1. 'On the death of a kin, the five (mother, father, brother, wife and son) lament.' 2 on the demise of the ego its five perversions mourn as they lose their power.
-e-re
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chuta."-sar m 5 partal. ~. [ekachri] See Ear~. 2 See E-a~at. ~TIItiI" [ekedrryl SkI ~ n a being having a single sense, such as has a leech. 2 per tai3" [ekiH] See ~. Sankhya philosophy, a form of non attachment ~ [ekati] See ~. '8'a-reR' [ekadas] SkI 1J:Cf)T~1IT a dj e I even. or asceticism in which senses disjoined from evils are joined to the mind itself. "ekedny 2 numeral 11.3 eleventh chapter of Bhagvat. ar va$ikar kahr."-GPS. ~ [ekadasi] SkI ~ n eleventh ofeither fortnight of a lunar month. The Vaishnavs ~ ~ [ekE $abdi] See fuq ~. consider fasting on ekadashi virtuous and '8'& [eko] adj only one, one only. "eko japI eko salahr."-sukl'1ma.l')i. "satsagatI kesi jaDie? eating grain a sin; See iJrd~'Hd. In Sikhism jIthe eko nam vakhaDie."~srim 1 jogi adn. this fast is defined as under; '8'i{fuq [eko-Ik], ~ [eko-ek], ~ [eko"ekadasi nlkatI pekh-hu han ramu, Indri baSI kan sUDhu hannamu, eki] adj supreme, unique, only one, without manI satokh sarab jia dala, duality. "sabh ekO-Ik varatda."-sri m 3. "eko-ek vase mal).I suami."-maia m 3. "ekoIn bldhI baratu sapuran bhala." eki nm nlharau."-asa m 5. 2 one joined to ~gau tin ti m 5. one, eleven. "eko-ek bakhanie."-gau thIti m ~ [ekadesi] SeeEar-e-m. 2 adj(one) having a singular aim. "ekadesi ek dlkhave."--ram 5. Here, there is a pun on the word; it can mean 'eleven' as also 'the unique Creator.' m5. '8'~ [ekavaIr], ~ [ekavli] n a varDlk ti{ -cr ~ [eko ha bahusya] This is a sentence metre. See t?atr ~ t!T 2. 2 figure of from Upnishad; it means, 'I the only one may meaning, in which words are deleted, or be many'; that is how the transcendent God is adapted to avoid repetition. thought of. His Unity is in immanent multiplicity.! Example: "sad pritI ham turn SIU jori, ~ [ekottar] adj one more, plus one, as in tum SIU jon avar sagI tori."-sor rcwIdas. ekottar SJ, meaning one hundred and one, 101. -e~ [ekodharam] n common religion for "ek marate dOl mue, dOl maratah can, carr maratah chah mue, carr purakh dOl narr." all and everyone. "ekodharamu drIf sacu -5 kahir. koi, gurmatI pura jugI jugI soi."~basat a m [ekI] one out of many. 2 several. "ekI 1. 2 the Sikh religion. cale ham dekhah suami."-ram m 1. 3 to some. '8'&t~F [ekonetral adj one-eyed; impartial; "ekI nacavhI ekI bhavavhr."-ram Tn 5. viewing all equally. "sada nIhar-hI ~ [ekIa] n oneness, unity. 2 became one. ekonetre."-sukhmcmi. "thakur sevak raIr ekIa."-var kan m 4. ~ [ekakarl n the one indivisible reality; Em [eki] short form of Ear tIT (only one) "eki God sans duality. "ekakar dhIae ram."-suhi chat m 5. "praDvo adi ekakara."-akal. 2 one sahIb bahra duja avaru na jaDe."-maru m 1. Oankar. 9~. "saha gaDhI na kar-hI bicar, ~ [eku] See Ear. "eku adharu namu dhanu mora. "-dev m 5. 2 the Creator, Vahguru. "eku '''~~~~.''(chadogYCJ:6kMc;f2 matr3). aradhI para chat gae."-sukhmcH')i. He desired that He, the lone form, (should) be born in myriad forms. 3 unity chance, interaction. "pJca te eku
to!rs [ekach] See

~
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sahe UPdrI ek;'ikar."-ram m 1. 3 ad) single form, one shape. "bhrdm chute te ek;'ikar." -suhi m 5. "phdl pake te ek;'ikara."-suhi m 5. "eka ek;'ikarlIkh vekhaIIa."-BG See~. E~ [ek;'ikari] ad) who worships the one God; monotheistic. 2 having only one form. "sut khfchE ek;'ikari."-gau a m 4. EcfCl'g [ek;'ikaru] See Eora-ro. "ek;'ikaru VdSE mdn bhaVE."-maru solhe m 1. ~ [ek;'iga], ~ [ek;'igi] See ~. Ecr [ekh] Skt'br n a search, hunt, exploration. 2 a desire, wish. ~ [ekhl).a] See ~. Etre [ezad] P J:C' n the Creator. ~ [ezaz] A ;':tf honour, homage, prestige. ~ [etaya], ~ [etava] a city on the bank of Yamuna in the United Provinces, and a principal town of the district and a railway station. The ninth Guru visited it. Bhai Tara Singh named it etaya. Eo [eth] Skt lJR. vr to stop, torture, move. ECsor [ethna] vto stretch. 2 to contort one's body. E~ [ec;lak] ad) so big, so large. 2 Skt n a male sheep; a ram. ~ [ec;lka] Skt n a sheep. [ec;la] ad) so large. E.m. [e-c;li] Anno Domini; the Christian era. Em [ec;li] n heel. 2 short for fu'309" ~. E.m.m. [e-c;li-siJ F aide-de-camp. an assistant to an army commander. 2 a courtier, counsellor. E~fT [ec;lua], E~ [ec;lua] n a cushioned loop put under a load being carried on the head. "pundr ec;lua sis take tIkae."-gyan. 2 Skt~ gloves of reed fibre worn while handling heated articles to protect the hands. E~ [ec;lhdk] n a ram. See ~ 2. "ec;lhdk rup su dis;m laga."-NP E<!' [el).] Skt n a buck; a black buck. "bIna sdstra jhare bhde el). jEse."-GPS. 2 Skt 3R~
-ear
ad) free from blemish; faultness. "raja yudhI$trd bhu bhdrat el).."-gyan. 'King Yudhishtar the nourisher of the earth (the people). ' ~ [el).raj] n a black buck; a deer. 2 a lion. 3 the moon, master of the deer. "caryo el).raj;'i dhare bal). pal).;'i. "-aj. Ett [el).i] Skt n a doe. tlfo [el).i pdtI] n a deer, a black buck. F3' let] pran this. "et chdc;Iai moh te."-bIla m 5. 2 ad) this much. 3 Skt arrived. ~ [etdjjh] See N3<J:;r. E33' [etatl, E3"e" [etad] Skt ~. pran this. 2 adv thus, in this manner. ~ [etdal] A J'Pf n equality,justice. E~ [etbar] P -,L~f n trust, faith, reliabiIlty, belief. ~ tetra], ~ [etre] ad) this much, so many. "mE tdnI avgdl). etre."-varsuhi m 1. "eqIa VIChu so jan samdha."-var gu) 1 m 3. See ffif(lT. E3"" [eta] ad) this much. "eta bhaVI thdki." -maru am 1. E~F.I' [etadrI$] Skt ~ ad} which looks so; visibly like this; similar to this. E~ [etavanmatr] Skt Q>C1l c !-l"lI:5l only this much; merely this much quantity. ~ [etIhyl, ~ [etIjjh] Skt ~ be thus; traditionally a well known matter, the mere existence being its proof. See 1j1-I'<!'. ~ [etIra] See ~. E~ [etu] See F3'. "etu mohI c;luba s;'isar."-asa m 1. E3' rete] so many, as many as these. "ete gUl). etia c;'igIaia."-prabha m 1. E3' [etE] ad)so much. so many. "etEjdlI varasdE tIkh mdr-Iu."-var mala 111 3. -e-au [ethdh] See 1'!d3E EkJ. EEig [eth-hu] adv from this place, from here. "eth-hu churkIa thc'lUr nd paI."-asa m 3. Ea- [ethel, EEt [ethEl adv at this place, here.
rn
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Nanak Dev was also held captive like others 2 in this world. "ethE othE nanka karta rakhE and was given a mill to grind corn. The Guru patI."-JSBB. Et!'" [eda], # [eda] adv in this way, in this prevailed upon the king to release all the prisoners. This shrine has 14 ghumaons of manner. land. A fair is held here on the first ofBaisakh. ~ [edu], ~ [edti] from this, compared with (c) Rori Sahib gurdwara is half a mile this. "edu upan karam nam."-ramkali a mI. south west of the town. Here Guru Nanak Dev Emf [edhar] advthis side, on this side, hither. used to sit for meditation. This gurdwara has 2 in this world. Eo [en] See reo and ~. "gyan abhnam ger, an annual grant of Rs. 1000 since the time of moh sam en ki."~GPS. 'Attachment is like a Maharaja Ranjit Singh and also has nine deer.' squares (225 acres) of land. It has a beautiful Eor lena] adj so much, this much. 2 pron to building and so are those for residence. these. "en thaganI thag se."--var mala ill 1. Annual fairs are held on Baisakhi and on full Em [eni] See tit. 2 adj this much. 3 pron moon day of Kattak. these (men or people) "eni thagi jagu thagIa." ~ [erl)a], ~ lerna] SkI 3ffilJI[ adj a forest~var mala mI. dweller; a barbarian. E~ [enti] See ~. ~ cilc:Jr lerna goha] n a cow's dung droppings Elf [em] See fuN. "bulyo em baka."-gyan. in the forest. ~ [emnabad] a town in tehsil and district E~ [erak] See fE"O'cX. Gujranwala, 8 miles south east of it, was ~ [eraki] See 'fuarcft. formerly called Saidpur. Sher Shah Suri razed ~ [eravat] See ~. it and named the new settlement in its place E~ [eravati] See QTGft. as Shergarh. Later, one of Akbar's officers, ~ [eraq] SkI ~ n a castor plant and its Muhammad Amin, renamed it Emnadbad. fruit. Oil of its seeds is used for burning, Guru Nanak Dev stayed here for sometime lubrication, and as a laxative or pngative etc. in the house of Bhai Lalo, a carpenter of Its effect is moist hot. It heals acute stomach pain, pain in the joints and phlegm. Tying its Saidpur. See ~ 1-ffucr. Many scholars believe that when in leaves on swellings and boils is beneficial. Its Latin name is Ricinus Communis. 2 Per Sammat 1578, Guru Nanak Dev, delivered Sakand Puran, a place of pilgrimage. the dwellers of Saidpur from Babur's servitude and brought them peace (aman), the ~ [elci] T n an ambassador, an envoy. 2 a diplomatic representative of a country. place came to be called Emnabad JL1 ~I. This town is three miles east of Emnabad ~ [elvIl] n born to Jlvila, Kuber. See~. railway station, and has the following tw lela] See fC!M'Gttil. 2 a matnk metre of gurdwaras: three lines, each line having 24 matras with (a) Bhai Lalo's well: It was within his the first pauses after the 11 th matra and the house, and Guru Nanak Dev used its water next after the 13 th subsequent matra, the last for drinking and bathing. two matras being guru. I (b) Chakki Sahib, (hand-operated mill). Ilf this metre has four lines and the last two matras do During the massacre by the Mughals, Guru not observe this rule, a Dla metre comes into being.
J'::,
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Example: "nahI IEhE hannam, dankahu nahf dEhE." -kalki. (b) The second form of ela has four lines, each being structured as 115, 151, III, III, ISS, with pauses after the fifth and the subsequent tenth matra of each line. Example: "jag me nahi, sukh tanIk kar vIcaro"... 3 Skt vr to frolic, to play. tHro [elan] A (:)~I n an order, command. 2 a written order. 3 notice, advertisement. ~ lev] advthus, in this manner. "evbhI akhI na japai."-var asa. 2 SkI part surely, definitely.
3 also, too. 4 definitely, indeed. ~ [evaj] See ~. ~ [evaq], ~ [evaqu] so much, so great, so large. "evaq uca hOVE kOI."--japu. ~ [evamsatu], ~ [evamstu] SkI part Ei-OI may it be thus; let it be like this. ~ [evar] so great or large. "nakh evar hE jako."-bJno. ~ [eve], rr [eve], ~ [evE], N [evE], Ei [eva] part definitely thus or in this way. 2 useless, fruitless. "caga mada kIChu SUjhE nahi Ihu t;mu eVE khovE."-vac;I ill 1 alahI.J.ia. 3 SkI ~ thus, in this way. 4 in this way. "nanak eVE jal.).iE."-var asa.
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mnr
11 [sassa] fOUlth character of Punjabi script; it is dental in pronunciation.! 2 v short form of rfl=3". "kI agajas kI abhajas."-gyall. 3 Skt m n Shiv, Mahadev. 4 a weapon. 5 mind. 6 sleep. 7 welfare. 8 Skt'.1 God. 9 a snake. 10 a bird. 11 wind, air. 12 a flash, light. 13 the moon. 14 knowledge. 15 worry. 16 a road. 17 an abbreviation of sagan according to prosody. 18 prefix with, as in "rogi brahma bIsan sarudra."-bhE"r C) m J. "gurmukhI nIb-hE sapanvarI."-sIdhgosC)tI. 19 pron he, she. "supac tulI sa manI."-keda rC)vIdas. 'Take him as a low-born.' 20 P J his, to him. It is used at the end of a word as in kalma:;; (his pen). ~ [sau] Skt R3' n one hundred. "bClhutu prCltapu gau sau pae. "-sara kC)bir. 2 Skt 'F.ItiI7) to sleep. "sau nrsul jCln tag dharI."-var bIla m 4. "nIt sukh saudIa."-suhi ch5t m 4. 3 Skt F.P-!B' an oath; a vow, pledge. '''sac kahS agh ogh dClli sClu."-dCJtt. 4 part company, association. "pakhac;l dharam pritI nahi han sau."-maru solhe m J. 5 to, for. "mo sau kou nCl kahE sClmjhaI."-gCJu rC)vIdas. 6 from, through. See ~ l..f'it. 7 P Y 11 husband, master, lord. "kClhu nanClk sc)u nah."-var asa. "kulClh sClmuh udharan sau."-sc)vE"ye m 5 ke. [saOh] See Fhr. ~ [sCluhe], ~ [sauhe] advface to face, in the presence of. "sauhe UtClru deI."-oakar. ~ [saukal).], ~ [saukClnI] Skt ~ n
'It is pronounced as a palatal, when it is F.f (liT) in form; FT
(lSf) is retroflex.
second wife of the same husband; co-wife. "sClukClnI ghClr ki kat tIagi."-asa m 5. mIcr [saukh] See T-lcr. ~ [sClugat] See lJOIT3'. ~ [sClOc;lI] Skt~, n an elephant with a trunk. 2 See 1J"~ and ~. FrtI'fu>,ffu [saOc;lI an], ~'fu;wfu [saOc;lI an] n an enemy of the elephant (Jff5t); the lion. -SCJllama. FrtIfao't [sClOc;lIni] n an army having elephants in it.-sc)llama. ~ [sauc;li] Skt ~ adj who tolerates. "maha sastra sCluc;li."-ramav. 2 See~. ~ [sClOc;li] See Ft'it. FrtI~ [sClOc;lyatak] n killer of the elephant, the lion.-Sc)llama. H1'a:i!i3a t]"foo1' [sClOc;ly2ltClk dhunmi] n a lion, the killer of the elephant; a gun, that roars like him.-sc:mama. ~ [saul).] Skt'F.ltil7) n sleeping, having a nap. 2 Skt ~ an omen, good or ill, depending upon the reward; a sign etc. "soi sasatu saul). sOI."-sri m 5. See fl..fHQJ7) and mgo. H1<!HiH3 [sClUl).Sasat], HG<!HIH~ [sClUl).Sastra] Skt ~ F.JTld n a scripture that makes known the good otevil omens. "chanIcharvar saul). sasat bicaru."-bIla var 7. "prClbhu hClmarE sastra saul).."-bhE"r m 5. ~ [sClUl).a] v to sleep. "baba, hor SClUl).a khusi khuaru."-sri m J. ~ [saut] See ~ and ~. ~ [sautanI] co-wife. See ~. ~ [sautu] Skt~ who has a son, or progeny.
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"saphalu janamu han jan ka upjla jlnI kino sautu bldhata."-dev m 5. 2 See ~. ~ [saudaraj] Skt ~ n beauty. "dlpE jotI saudaraj dhare anup;}."~nc.Jrav. 2 SktOO. real brotherhood; born to the same parents. ~ [sauda] T 'lY n a transaction, business, bargain, sale and purchase. "sae sauda vapar. "-sri m 1. "b;}dhan sauda al).vieari." -asa <'I m 1. 2 a worth-purchasing object, merchandise. "nanak hat patal). VIeI kala han lEde gurmuklu sauda jiu."-ma)h m 4. 3 A IlY an element black in colour; the wind, air. 4 P IlY a mental disorder, caused by craziness or excess of insanity. See ~. 5 See Frt1'B'r. ~'B'r [sauda] sleeping, asleep. "saude vahu vahu uear-hr ."-var g<'lu 1 m 4. ~ [saudai] ad)having excess ofcraziness; unbalanced, deranged, insane. See ~ 4. H~'dld [saudagar] P JllY ad)a businessman, merchant, trader. H~'dldl [saudagri] P 15 JllY n merchandise, trade. "SUl).I sasat saudagri."-sor m 1. ~ [saupl).aJ, ~ [saupna] Skt B'J11fuT P I:J J ~ n the act of entrusting. "tanu manu saupi agE dhari. "-suhi <'I m 3. "kOji guru saupai."-g<'lu m 5. 'The Creator (God) has entrusted the key ofthe treasure to the Guru.' I ~ [saupai] entrusted. See ~. ~ [saupI] adv having entrusted, having delivered. "tanu manu dhanu sabhu saupr gur
kau."-<'In~du.
vasu banaspatI saurL"-pr<'lbha m 1.

~ [sauru] ad) with f3:g (silk garment). 2 ad)
short form of #:_11f2 with, and. "bEr paryo hamro han sauru kal;}k ea<;ihyo."-krIs<'ln. 'had enemity with God and thus got disgraced. ' ~ [saurE] See ~. mIw [saula] cheap. 2 easy, accessible. 3 Skt ~ mighty. 4 fIT mm with rapture; with joy. "jISU satIguru purakh prabhu saula."-var kan m 4.5 swarthy, dark-complexioned, wheatish. ~ [saur], ~ [saura], RfIfu [saup], ffiI;IT [sauri] ad) narrow. "naee na jal).ai akhE bhur sauri."-BG 2 n cloth used to cover the body during sleep. "UghE saur pal;}gh."-var m<'lla m 1. 'The sleepy has a liking bed.' "je jlia sauri s;}jri raja na bhatar."-BG 'Ifduring sleep a person is infested with lice, then, he, though a lord of numerous insects, does not become a king.' ~ [sauan] to gentlemen; of noblemen. See
~fT..
~ [saua] See ~. "raja ko nyota kahyo
sauan sahlt bulaI."-c<'IrItr 58.

~ [sauhag], ~ [saubhag] Skt W'l1ll1T n
[saur] See ~. 2 Skt n one's own will; on one's own. 3 acting in accordance with one's own liking or desire. ";)r plkhE gajgamanI saurE."-krIs<'ln. 4 ad) who does his own sweet will. ~~ [saurl).a] v to be right, to improve, groom. 2 to be fragrant; to be redolent. "jaki
good luck. 2 marital bliss with husband being alive. "s;:mhag bhag bahu brdhr 1;~s;}t."-ddtt. ~ [saur] n a rider, horseman. "sag saur rkada$ kare."-GPS. "rtE saur pathavat bhde."-VN. 2 A understanding, intelligence, knowledge. ~ [saurabh] See j:j-og. ~ [saota], Rfuft [saoti] ad) having children, blessed with progeny. 2 ~ cheap. See i/fOUf. "gIa de val).rj saota."-BG "Ih khep saoti." -BG ~ [sa-ad] A J.Y' ad) noble. 2 righteous, lucky.
.Jr
See~.
F!fu [sal] n one hundred. 2 See B'Gf.
IIts recitation as "kuji guru sau pai." is not correct.
'Hfu>wo [saran] n knowledge of high quality,
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R'I'lq:
sagacity. 2 adj knowledgeable, wise, 'R"R'Cfl'a" [saskar] n cremation; burning of the dexterous. "ghrIt karan dadhI mathE dead body. saIan."-bher rCJvIdas. ~ [saskulI], ~ [saskuli] Skt ~ n ~ [saIanap] n wisdom. 2 cleverness. an ornament worn by women in lower portion sagacity. 3 shrewdness. 4 parsimony, miserliness. of the ear through a large perforation. 2 a ~ [saIana] See ~ 2. jalebi - a kind of sweet-meat. 3 an amriti - a Frftft!' [sClfd] a chariot. See RJf~. "gaj bajI sweet-meat prepared from the batter of savar saIad cale."-sCJloh. washed black pulse. "modak saskulI parpa mft [sail adj century. 2 natural vegetation. 3 n puri."-NP 4 a fried samosa. master, lord. 4 a female friend. "cdrca jClb ja F.IF.I'iJITi'i9 [~a~gani] an old gold coin. See F.fF.RioT. un saian ki."-':"'knsCJn. 5 A () an effort, 2 a silver coin in vogue during the reign of attempt. Ferozshah, that was equivalent to two-annas. ~ [saiCld] See Fl'l:irt: and Ft1:ire". HR'UIO [sasghar] See RfRuRr. ~ [sCliah] A .l,;~ a traveller, journeyman. 'R1'TUIfu [sasgharI] See rrfRul'fu. ~ [saiad] A )\2' a hunter, chaser. "rana Jrn3' [SClSClt] adj cheap. See Fr~<W. 2 Skt mw. hoia bodhia purClkh hoe sCliad.,,_var sor ill 1. admired, worthy of appreciation, 'Women have become fragile while men have praiseworthy. "sasat vakhClr hi ghfnhI turned carnivorous, an incompatible union.' nahi."-asa ill 5. 'not engaged in a good 2 a tyrant. business.' 3 happy, delighted. 4 cut, FIlfur [sClis] A v n a supervisor, paymaster. segmented. 5 P ~ sixty. 6 a ring that 2 a police officer, incharge of the city. 3 a emperor Akbar would offer to the followers stable boy. of Din-e-ilahi. See Vincent Smith's' Akbar' ~ [sClidhav] See R~. page 217. ~ [saiyad] See Fl'l:irt: and Rore-. FI'R3"a' [sastClr] See 'FIRg. 'RElw [saiya], FrElW [saiya] n a master, husband. FfR3T [sasta] See RFI3' 1 and ffiJUIT. "racch karo uth saiya."-krIsCJn. I1l1d'~<!1 [sastaUl.).a], RFf3TOT [sastana] Skt~. ~ [saiyad] See ~. to have temporary relief or rest for a while; HA' [sas] Skt ~ vr to praise, torment, desire, to laze or relax. "ta ghari Ik sastaIke."-JSBB. sleep, speak, cut. 2 short form of 'FIRg. See 'R'fl13' [sasCltIl, RA3t [SClSti] feminine of 'FIfT3T. trfa' HA'. 3 Skt mm a hare, rabbit. "SdS hat asu 2 Skt ~ praise, appreciation. 3 See~. duhu dISI larkae."-GPs. 4 Skt F.fRJf crop. 'RA"3' [sClstoa] See RFI3' 1 and ffiJ1.li'. "sClbh hi susak hogai bac;l sas."-GPs. 5 Skt m:r~Jsastr] Skt 1iT"'~ n one that cuts; an F.Jfi:rthe moon. "SClS purI).ama kO."-GPs. 6 Skt instrument for cutting. Sanskrit scholars have classified weapons into the following four grass. 7 ~ adj lazy. "mam jIhva SClS kCltha bahu."-GV 6. 8. P six. 9 See RH. categories: mrcr [sasak] Skt ~ n a hare, rabbit. 2 See (a) ~: those released from the hand as 1JgR'i'l'f3". 3 See ~. chakar i.e. a circular missile. RFIO!<!'" [sasak:r:la], FlFJWiT [sasakna] v to breathe (b)~: those not released from the hand as a sword, dagger etc. with difficulty. "tere bhCly bhit bhari bhup saskat hE."-kCJVI 52. (c) 'licrTJicf which mayor may not be
vi
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~~
released from the hand as a spear, mace, etc. (d) ~ J:f~: wh ich are released from some mechanical device, as an arrow, a bullet etc. Those released from the hand are also called 'ClstrCl' (missiles) See ~. There is a mention of numerous weapons in Dasam Granth, Guru Pratap Suray and Gurvilas. To name a few: c~drhas ekE kClr dhari, dutIy dhop gClhI tntIy kCltari, Cdtur hath sClhIthi ujIari, gophCln gurClj kClrClt cClmkari,PClttClhs~bhari gClda ubhari tnsul sudhari churkari, j~bua ClTV ban~sukCls kClman~cClrClm prClman~ dhClrbhari, padrCle gCllola pa:;; Clmola pcHCl:;;U Clc;lola
hClthnal~,
dhare bal). pl1e lage bldh pare.~GPs. It is regrettable that people do not know the names and meanings of most of the weapons. Most of them are n<;>t even recognised by them. For the benefit of the readers we have deemed it fit to give pictures of such weapons. ~ '8lJ:r [sastra is], ~ ihJ [sastra isr] n king of weapons, the sword.-scmama. ~ tbJil [sastr isral).i] n an army ofswordmen.
bIchua pClhnaya pClta bhramay~ jImI YClm dhaya vIkrala.-ramav. ClSI knpan khac;lo khClrClg tupClk tClbClr ClTV tir, sEph snohi sEhthi yClhE hClmare pir. .. tuhi kdtari darhjClm tU bIChuo Clru ban . tuhi gurClj tum hi gClda tumhi tir tuphag .
-scmama.
vClc;le bal). C::lre su tege ju myani,
dudhare puladi ClnekE mClhani, snohi hCllabbi jambbi dai hE, kClracol khac;le ju kCltti lCli hE. sClbhE loh ki sag neje bIsale, bIchue vac;le bak j~bue karale, chure khokhni sEph labi balade, ghane sel bhale prakase am~de. malEhin saph~ bane ~g cage, tClmace kClladar sCltrun bhage. tuph~ge j~jEl~ j~bure dhamake, dCle cakr vClkra camaki" cCllake. vClc;le mol ke dur te aI c;lhale, kdthor~ kud~c;I~ vClc;le oj vale. bhare bal). bhathe ClnekE prClkare,
-sanama. ~o [sastr:;;er] n lion amongst weapons, the sword .-sanama. ~ [sastragIa] adj ~0TJf one wellversed in the use of anTIs. 2 ~ well-versed in scriptures. "dhClrat dhIan gIan sastrClgIa." -kalI m 5. ~ [sastrar;ti] See ~. HH~Qlal [sastradhari] armed; equipped with arms. 2 a baptised Singh, a Khalsa, a swordbearer. ~ l..:forcY [sastranammala pural~] a literary composition in Dasam Granth containing mention of weapons such as CSilT, ~, 'SOST, ~, ~ (3lo), trF.r (GT<ft) and ~ in the form of riddles. For a lay scholar, they are very difficult to understand. Dexterity is required to decode the distorted terms employed by ignorant scribes. Indifferent writers have played havoc with hundreds of words and done injustice to their meanings through distortion. They have substituted w'ift for ~, tlistl for 53R, ~ for~, ~ fo r f1::rfl.ffuo, R"FI?) ~ B"H for 'F.IF17i' ~, })fffiJ for 1>flJ, ~ for ~ !ftp..r, R30 for lJ3fu, ~ for ~ l?ffu, !i7i?i't for~, ffili1ff for l;t dlitl, JjLI7i'for crgf'c), ~ for~, Bfu' for QO, QO for Bfu', !iJTO!Jfo for Gl1dlJlA (')1, *Rt for WFft, fufuq for ~, ~ for f'8'"m1, FJl./3" for RiJ11, 3'ffirrfo for ~orfo etc. This way they
<'
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NAME OF WEAPONS AND THEIR PICTURES IN SERIAL ORDER una I, aSI 2, aradh cadr A, This is Ilsed to draw the bow's string. safa jag [par:;;u] 43, :;;am:;;er 3, sarag - 33, :;;Ikargah 4, prahl 5, sikhca 6, su132, sEf 7, :;;ri sahIb, See, CJSI karar 24, katti 8, karad 49, karabin 54, kar:Jti 9,kirac ] 0, kurukbal) 20, kukri 40, knpan 11, khCJpra C, khajar 31----;;.
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-7 khada 12, gatka 21, gada 47, gujrat choti 14 - gujrat vac;lc;li 13, gupti 46, guraj 39,
gopia [gofatl 28, golia 15, cakr naVEl 52, cakr puraDa 50, capra je 8, so called if it is more than one finger a measuring unit in breadth and less than six fingers in length. chavhi[ch:Jhi] 48, chura 42, jdmdarh 23, zubfkar 17, jajd 60, jaburak 57, jabhua 51 -7
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-;. tholutir D - It is, used to smash the bone ofthe enemy's forehead. qhal [sIpClr] 34, btarca E, tClbClr 44, temaca 61, tir cugl).a 29 - A warrior on horse-back while on horse-back, he could pick up arrows lying scattered in the battle-field. tukka Q, teg [teca] 16 and 18, coredClr baduk 53,
trI~ul F,
dhClnukh 27, dhemka 56, dhop 19, nanClr nakha [bagnClkha] 36, nadClkkh 35, narad H, neza 25,-;'
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-7 patlIS 20, patharkala 23, pa~u, See safa jag, pe~kabad 30, badamca I, barcha 26,
barchi 22, bag 41, baghnakha, See naharnakha, crtua 37, bugda 45, b;'id Iral neza, je 35 - So named ifit has embroidered frill and border. breech loader 58, mClsale [topi] dar, hduk 59, minmukhtirJ. rifle 55, reyolyer62, Irs K, yajr 38.
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~~
have done a great injustice to the original meaning of the words. Keeping in view the interest of the readers, very obtuse terms are explained in this dictionary in the alphabetical order, yet it seems proper that a key to Sastarnammala be provided so as to remove opaqueness and explain the rules, according to which names of the weapons are conceived. (a) CSOT is mentioned as ~ (~-~::r). The reader should note that when such t,;:rms as ElR, ER, l.ffu' etc. are added to synonyms for ~ such as~, FIiJI3', FfRra", ~ etc., then such coinages stand for 1:1;:1c/T. Another name for CSOT is ~, thus all synonyms of ~ such as ~, ~, ~mrr, fuw etc. when followed by ~ are treated asl:SOT. Similarly for ~, the term or't~ ffiJ is mentioned, so synonyms of~, like 0lO't'7i', '(")TiJ, cfu etc. when suffixed by nrfu, ~, rn etc should be taken to mean 'l::f3OT. The same holds true with regard to such names of1:f;3OT as R01W3', ~, 0('tJ i30(, ~, Cfffi-RrO(', ~, eJ?UT, l:fCIl})ffu, fl:roirfu etc. In the absence ofa proper explication some readers get misled. ffil13HT3' means }{rfEnfr and ~; 0('tJ i30( means a gun; ~ stands for Shiv; l:fCIl})ffu for a hawk; tliClJl?ffu means a lion etc. But it should be noted that traditional association is the basis for understanding of such synonyms ofCSOT. Similarly~fonreeft, ~ for 'g~, ~ for ft:rar, fufHiJ(JT for ~, ~ for l1fl(J, ;:rc.)M for ~ etc. should be understood accordingly. (b)"O(Gl"iJ is mentioned as ffi-{1:I"J, j:rHt!r;r, ~ l'>ffu etc. The reader should know that the word ~ when suffixed to i1H (J:ilH) and rfu or ~ when suffixed to i:rz means "O(Gl"iJ. (c) ~ is named H<JEtl, ~, B~'})fj"o,
nrfu, l1IZ3C\t3' nrfu etc. It should be clear to the reader that if'8'5'C nrfu is substituted with iitor ftnJor cgm nrfu with cg;:m ftnJ it is
nothing more than a jugglery of words, for the meaning remains essentially the same. For a proper grasp of names used in Sastarnammala, some knowledge of history is essential. In its absence, one cannot follow how Lachhman became unconscious and Ghatotkach got killed when assaulted with a '8"iJiiIT (spear) due to which ffiJEft was called ~ ftnJ and urZ3O.'tf ftnJ respectively. (d) To coin terms for trcg, the word ~ or ~ is suffixed to alI the names of Vishnu and Krishan, who destroyed their enemies by using this weapon: fuJ:rQ~, f'3H(')'':'JQ, ~, ~, (')d0('8d fuy etc. If the reader is fulIy conversant with all the names attributed to Krishan and Vishnu, then understanding the name for trcg will pose no problem. (e) Apart from the names for arrow mentioned in dictionaries, numerous other names such as !1Q'l:fdIFf, ~~, tlid'J"UT etc. have been coined. Obtuse words have been coined for an arrow assuming it to be skywandering as 'dFfi'fuJo tTd!!'d', J~QdtJd, meaning an arrow wandering in the sky that holds the moon. The names of the moon are really complex. In this regard, ~, ~ nrfulmf 3?i1if denote the moon, who is the son of the sea that abounds in fish and his enemy is Indar; Mainak mountain, whose bearer is the sea, whose son is the moon etc. The word 'f.I'Fq' when suffixed to all the names of Kam (a'lH) gives words for an arrow as - ~l:::fTl;if"Q', Hl('j&~i':'J"Q', ~ ~ etc. The term ~ is also added to the various names of l?fOtj?) to provide coinage for arrows, such as ~~, ~~, "Qi;:r.;r~ etc.
I~~
Hotft:ry-, cg9l1ifu, ~,
~Z<JT, cg~T,
cg"'tfcn:f,
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Karan, Krishan and Ravan were killed with arrows hence O(de i3Cl, ~, fC2lHn i3Cl, ~ n{?fffl1ffu also stand for arrows. Krishan was the charioteer ofArjun, hence to denote arrows ~ l1ffu 1J'3" rfu, ~ rfu 1J'3" rfu, ~ 3T3" 1J3fu, ':!! fQHf<:;d n{?ffflJ3fu etc. are the several names coined for the purpose. In view of the context in Sastarnammala, at many places words have to be introduced (l.ft!i" 'eT 1'iIOJIT"(JTdY, for clarifying the meanings as-"pntham judhIstar bhakh, badhu sabad pun bhakhie. jan hrIdE me rakh, sakal nam e ban ke."-168. Yudhishtir's brother is Arjun, but it does not connote much, therefore the term 'lJ3fu' should be introduced from outside, meaning arrow is the enemy of Arj un's 1J'3". Likewise while indicating the names of guns the text gives this detail: "prIthi sabad ko adI ucaro, ta: pache ja pad dE <;laro. nam tupMg jan hIy lijE, cahIyE jaM taM pad dijE."-721. At this place, the addition of ~ to ~ wi II provide the word for gun, as it is wood available on the earth that equips it with the butt. At times for the sake of clarity, parts of a sentence have to be properly connected as in "tImar ucar ha bhagal)I bakhano."-1006. As such it should be "tImarha ucar bhagal)I bakhano", i.e. the word sister should precede the term eliminator of darkness 2 etc. (f) for tj'T'f.f (noose), '!eiHg, 1jJ}f F.I"Rg" are conceived as dldl'illjcl'Hg, ~ ~ illjd'H~ that is Varun the god of Ganga and Krishan's beloved Yamuna; his weapon, the noose. nf~, df'i:!lj3IFii, ~ ~, etc. are employed to denote the noose. tj'T'f.f is also used for the army's enemy but the terms for the army are coined in a
'for clarity's sake, a word introduced from outside.
2sister
spectacular manner through the addition of suffixes m-o't as '8tcJit, ~, ~, etc. The addition of l1ffu or l1ffuit at the end of these words gives various names for tj'T'f.f. Noose is also called ~. The reader should know that the addition of ~ to
~, Qnij'dCl,
tffl1.1IT3'C(",
1-IOKJT,
1f"liI'T(Jd",
~,
etc. leads to the formation of names for tj'T'f.f (the noose). (g) Last of all are mentioned the names for ~or (the gun). There are numerous names assigned to it, again coined in an unusual manner, as FI'ffi1'Cjfo1, ~ ~ that is having a wooden butt. Another name for the gun is 'the enemy ofarmy' and with the addition of suffixes m-o't- numerous names come to be formed for the army as -~, (JEIO't, 'd"Elfo, ~,
~, ~, Frn7i9", ~, m, H<:rit, fl::n:f<TI, fQ1.lit, ~, '4Q7>'t, ~, etc. when fay ~, !fu ~ etc. are added at the end of the
Ut"cJfo, ~, mJHit, Bgit, ~, ~ Ulcro9",
of the moon-Chandarbhaga stream.
aforesaid terms, they mean the gun. Another name for the gun is the enemy of the lion. In this context, following are the names been ascribed to the lion "adI taraganI sabad ucaro jankE, jacar kahI naIk pad bahuro thanh, satru ~abad ko take at ucariE, hoi sakal tupak ke nam sumItr vIcariE." -8]]. 'Grass grew because of the tarangani (the stream), the deer was its grazer whose hero was the lion and whose enemy was the gun'. Names ofthe streams are also not common. At some places, the stream demolishes the banks; at other places, it is the ripper of the mountains; still at other places it gets associated with the mythological names i.e. ~'d''!f3nifeCl fl:rw for Jamuna, 'fu:m J-fT3T for Ganga, ~R"i'ifo for Chandarbhaga etc.
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As the grass grows on the earth, so very intricate names are assigned to it liike "nIsnalkananI sunear patI arr." 'the bearer of Chandarbhaga-the earth, its produce is the grass anet the grazer of the grass is the deer, whose lord is the lion and its enemy is the gun. Assuming the earth to be the property of Kashyap the Prajapati, the names ascribed to the gun are the most difficult as "uee sravaIS es eSl)i ISl)i arl)i." It means 'The lord ofSrava (horse) is Indar and his lord is Kashyap, his property is the earth, and its master is the army whose enemy is the gun.' At places word ~ is coined by employing the term f'qtr four times as adI $abad mat;'}g bhal)ijE, car bar nrlp pad ko dijE, arl)i take at bakhano, sabh sri nam tupak ke jano.-1251. 'Lord ofmat;'}g (Airavat, the elephant)-Indar, his master Kashyap, his property, the earth, its protector, the royal army and its destroyer, the gun. If readers study Sastarnammala keeping the aforesaid rules in mind, they win find it easy to grasp the meanings. ~ [sastrani] n an armed force.-sClnama. ~ [sastrapatI], HH~d'H [sastraraj], ~re [sastrarat] n a lord of weapons the sword, srii sahib.-s<:mama. HHi:}i(;aa1 [sastravarti] adj adept in the use of weapons; skilled in the way to use them. "dou sastravarti. "-gyan. HHi:} Idl'a [sastragar] Skt armoury. H"H'frI [sastrr] with a weapon: "sastrr tikhanI katI qano manI na kino ros."-maru d m 5. 'With a sharp weapon, man cut the tree but it did not protest'. 1 ~ [sastri] Skt ~, adj armed. 2 Skt '1ffi!
IGurbani believes that the trees are animate.
who cuts, or kills.

~ [$a$dag] P ...{,J? n a gold-coin offour
and a half nlasas iin weight. SktW'mR. n bearer ofthe rabbit, the moon.-sanama. 'H'H'O [sasan] Skt ~;:r n the act of cutting; murder. See ~m,. 2 Skt ~ breathing. "tlh jan rrkhi nahI sas sasyo."-datt. 'R'HO m, [sasan ke bhes] See ~m,. FIFIl-I"1? [saspal] See ~. 2 SeeFlFltlQ. 3 a breeder of rabbits. See FIR 3. FI'FItftr [sasp;'}jl See r.rf.tt'h:r. HHse(')1 [sasbadna] See HfHi(;e(')l. "R'ffiIT()' [sasban] See Fl'f1:raro. m::rih? [sasbel] See ~. "sasbel bljlya aru cakr-gada."-samudrmathan. mIH [$a$am] P ( ' adj siixth. Skt71fj,. See E Sixth. m:rorJf [sasram] a sub-divisional town in Shahbad district of Bengal. It is situated at a distance ofthirty kos from Kashi which is 406 miles away from Calcutta. The ninth Guru stayed in this town at the house of Chacha Phago. The gurdwara is known as 'Yadi Sangat'. There is a garden known as Guru ka Bag here which the Guru visited. There is a boulder here on which an edict of Ashoka is engraved. To the west of this town is located the famous mausoleum of Shershah Suri. Some persons have named this place as Sasranv and Sahasram. In the Imperial Gazetteer of India it is mentioned that its ancient name was Sahasarram because a demon with a thousand arms used to play with as many toys. In our opinion its name is Sahasraram i.e. a place having numerous rest houses. See fTOlH. ~ [sasrav] See Fl'H"'d'H. 'H'J1;ft [sasri] See R1J and ~. 'HW [sasa] character 11 of Punjabi script. "sasa
FIFImr [sasdhar]
a-
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sranap chaq.u rana. "-bavan. 2 the pronunciation ofR. "R'i5rO. 3 Skt'mf and ~n a rabbit. See ffilT. 4 See~. 'R'J1ia' [sasak] Skt ~ n the moon, which has within it the figure of a rabbit. Poets assume that the dark spots in it are of the shape of a rabbit. 2 camphor. 3 There was a Shaiv king of this name in central Bengal who killed a brother of king Harsha. He burnt the Baudh Tree at Gaya and tortured the devotees of Buddhism. J.I'f.Iiof E'l:Rf [f?af?ak f?ekhar], F.JF.riq~;r [f?af?ak cur], F.JF.riq j:ffu- [f?af?ak mJIr] Skt n the bearer of the moon at his forehead, Shiv. FI'R"'i"i'i'i [sasanan] adj who has a moon-like face; beautiful face. SktF.l"F.lJl"'?)(' with a moon-like face. 'RfR' [sasr] Skt ~~ n one who has a rabbit; the moon having the figure of a rabbit. See F.fRior. "asrta 1 nrsr me sasr so brgse." -samudrmatl1cm. 2 according to Yog, the moon is situated in the left vessel and forehead and from there trickles the elixir. "sasr kino sur gIrasa."-ram kabir. 3 a quantitative expression denoting one, for the moon is assumed to stand for one. "samat ban su cad, khaq. sasi savan vrkhe."-nIhal sfgh. 'Sammat 1915. '24 This word has also been used for Monday. "jamdutIya sasr drn tab huto."-GPs. 5 Skt ~ farming. "sada sukal sasrn ko sali."-NP HfR'iju"Rfl:fo1 [sas r upaskh r niJ-scma rna. Chandarbhaga river i.e. Chenab. RfR' ~ [sasi uprajanr] n what enhances the elegance of the moon. i.e. the night. -sanama. RfR' ~ [sasr anujananr] n the bearer of the moon's younger sister, Chandarbhaga, that
ldark. 2five arrows ofKam, one moon, nine regions, one moon. This code is counted from right to left.
is, the earth.-sanama.
RfR' ~ ;:rr tRJ 0Ta' 11:! [sasr anujananr ja

car nath satru] n the bearer of the moon's younger sister Chandarbhaga meaning the earth. The deer is the grazer of grass grown there. His lord is the lion and the gun is his enemy.-sanama. RfR'l?IQi'Ifcr) [sasr anujanr] n the bearer of the moon's younger sister Chandarbhaga meaning the earth.-sanama. ~;:rr [sasranuja] n the moon's younger sister, Chandarbhaga river.-sanama. RfR'lll:Rf [sasr sekhar] Skt n the bearer of the moon at his forehead, Shiv. Efl:r F.h:Rit [f?af?r f?ekhri] n the bearer ofthe moon at her head, Durga. FI'fl:rcftor [sasrkik] Skt ~ one; the unique moon. "jru vrcr uq.va sasrkik."-prabha rn 4, 'as there is only one moon in the firmament.'
mm
See~.
URI' [sasr ghar] n the abode of the moon, the night. F.!f'F.Ju.ro. 2 ignorance. RfR' [sasr gharr] in the moon's abode. "sasr gharr sur vaSE mrtE adhrara."-srdhgosatr. The sun stands for spiritual knowledge. The moon has no light of its own, it shines only when the light ofthe sun falls upon it. "sasr gharI sur samara."-prabl1a m 1. 2 in the left vessel. According to yog, nerve rra is the moon's abode. 'R'fi:ra'ro [sasrban] n a crescent arrow. See })fOl:T
RfR'
urnr
tr1i. FIfi::ratH [sasrbam] Dgwife ofthe moon, the night.

RFRi!ldIFi'l [sasrbhaganr) n the sister of the
moon, Chandarbhaga. See tr~. ~ [sasrbhal], Rfi:r ~ [sasr bhukhan], Hfi:rj:l-fu [sasr mJlr] Skt~, ~, ~ n the bearer ofthe moon on the forehead, Shiv. 'Rfm;rr [sasrya) n Sassi, who was in love with Punnu. "jit lai sasr ki kala yate sasrya nam."
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cadrbhala bhavani."-cac;li 2. -cantr 108. See FfRt and ~g. 2 having the markings of a rabbit, the moon. 3 the bearer 'R'Ffcx [sasak] Skt ~ adj doubtful. 2 afraid, of the moon - Shiv. 4 a cultivator, farmer. frightened. 3 Skt ~ n one having the 5 the earth that throws up vegetation. markings of a rabbit, the moon. RfR~e(')' [sasIvadna] !i1f?!ICI~'11 a gal)Ik metre mhRr [sasabar] Skt ~ n a tree with leaves also known as akra, al)ka, anhad, anubhav, which look like the ears of a horse. It is also ca<;lrasa and madhurdhunI. It has four lines, known as a$vkaralJ L Vatica Robusta. "sami each line organised as III, ISS. sasabar sayar sar."-GPs. ja<;li, a$vkarcW and Example: dark coloured sal trees. jabkar lekha. badhat vIsekha. Jfu [sass] See R1j. nahI ghatjai. bhal patIai.-NP 1fRr [sassa] n character 11. 2 pronunciation ofRw. ron [sasi] See FlfR". 2 a metre, see fourth m:ft [sassi] adj partly white and partly black. difference of ~ and ~ and i3'tJiIT 2. "sassie darie cIttie pagge."-GPs. 2 n Punnu's beloved. In carItras there is a story about her mfl>,r [sasial, 'l1FflRr [sasiar] SktF.lF.lLRf n the moon. that once seeing the fairy Rambha, Kapil Muni "amnt sasia dhenu lachmi kalpataru."-dhana ejaculated and from his semen Rambha gave birth trIlocal1. "ravI sasiar benadha."-sar m 5. m:flRr ~ urfu lJ'9 ~ [sasiar kE ghan suru to Sassi. See ~ 108. See Rft:n:;p- 1 and Yg. samav]-bIla thIti m I. in the abode of the ~ [sastra] See ~. moon, the night (ignorance), BO is the sun RPiP:l'd'I [sastradhari] See HR~Qid1. (spiritual knowledge). ~ [sastranammala] See ~. "fl'"ffifl [sasy] Skt n cultivation. 2 n produce from ~ [sasiaru] See Fl'FftRr. "sasiaTU gag2111I agriculture. 3 a weapon. 4 a virtue. jotI tIhu loi."-bIla tluti m 1. 'peaceful soul RFr.iItfTl? [sasypalj, ~ [sasypalak] Skt n that is poised in the brain.' RlJ [sasu] Skt vq~ n mother-in-law. "sasu a farm-keeper. 2 a cultivator. VnaIl)I."-Var ram 2 m 5. See ~:f<f. ffiT [sah] refuge, shelter. "nanak sah pakri satan ki."-sor m 5. 2 P ;- n husband. "sah ki sar FI'ffO [sasur], RlJO'" [sasura] Skt~which spreads suhaganI janL"-suhi ravIdas. 3 P ..:- short fast, or is worthy of respect; father-in-law. form of~; a king. 4 check (a move) in chess. ~ [sasurar], ~ [sasural], ~ [sasurala] n house of one's father-in-law. "sasun: pei 5 a bridegroom. 6 adj a leader, headman. 7 full, brimming. "nau jIvehe hali sah dariau tIsu kat ki."-majh m 5 drnrql. 'in this 'world vIc."-cac;li 3. 8 Skt B1i part along; in the and the next.' 'R"IJfa" [sasun], 'FI'IJf;r [sasUrI], HlJ;IT [sasuri], F1FJ company of. 9 adj dominant. 10 competent. 11 Skt ~ vr to tolerate, be delighted, be [sasu] See RlJ. "na bhl)a bharjaia na se inspired, oppress, be determined. sasuriah."-maru a m I. "sasu te pIn kini vakhI."-asa m 5. 'separated from ignorance.' ffiTR' [sahas] one hundred. "samat satrahI sahas l1IJCfT [sasukha] honour. See 1]1Jlfl'. "kCltgo pacavan."-ramav. 'Bikrami 1755.'2 "samat '"f.ll'Gl (~asy) is also correct. kalukhan sasukha cahiJ kod me."-GPs. HE1J'H [$a$opaj] P ~ six and five; that is, 2Pandit Tara Singh holds that the original version is "samat satrah SE su pacavan." but it is wrong on his part worry, reckoning, dilemma. R"If ~ [sasa sekhri] See~. "sasasekhri to hold so. See the next example.
J?
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satrh sahas bha:r:lIjjE. aradh sahas phun tin kahIjjE."-CdrItr405. 2 Skt~ one thousand. 3 innumerable. See ffi:TIJ "sahas SIaDpa lakh hohI."-jdpU. "sahas tav nEn nan nEn hahI tohI kau."-sohIla. 4 Skt ~ sturdy, strong. S a victor, conqueror, winner. 6 n a victory, conquest. 7 strength. 8 Skt wtf adj with pleasure, joyful, happy. 9 P ~ his emperor. JmR'~ [sahas atharah] In "Basayar", there is a reference that God's total creation has eighteen thousand species. It includes animate beings as well as inanimate substances. "sahas atharah kahanI kateba."-jdpU. 'The Hindu scriptures hold that the search has exhausted us and the mention of eighteen thousand species in the Quran, points towards creation being endless.' FRJFf qa- [sahas karl n one having a thousand hands. See Hclljal~. 2 one with countless rays; the sun. HCJRfOld3 [sahaskIrat] Skt~ adjconfirmed. 2 provoked. 3 Skt myr refined. 4 a language regulated according to grammar and refined as compared to a spoken language. 5 n Sanskrit; the divine utterance. 6 See HclHFcg31 an d ffiJW fuo3"r. RclRf<3d'1 [sdhasknti]1 n a language grown from Sanskrit, Pali and Prakrit. It is also known as 'Gatha'. It is in this language that "salok sahasknti." were written. See 0l'EfT. JmR' i'i1iIi'i [sC)hC)s nC)yan] Skt ~ ;:n:r;=r none with innumerable eyes - the Creator. See ffiJH andffiJW. 2 Indar on whose body a thousand vaginal spots turned into eyes. JmR' '('iTd" 'Rfa3r [sC)hC)s nar santa] n a river having a hundred tributaries, Satluj river. -Sdnama. This term has been used for Satluj by Bhai Sukha Singh in Guru Vilas. JmR' t~ [sahas netr], HiJH" 7)0 [sahas nEIl] See
'1=froW ~ tIT ~.
ffiJH JmR'
"i'i1rn').
G'"it [sC)hC)s phC)Di], ffiJH G01 [sahC)s phani] n Sheshnag, a snake with a thousand hoods. 2 adj having a thousand hoods. "sahC)s phC)ni japIo sekhnagE."-kan d m 4. H'CJ'R" ~ [sahas bahu] Skt RcllI 8"Sf n one having a thousand arms-Arjun. See~. "sahasbahu madhu kit mahIkhasa."-g;m d m 1. 'Arjun, Madhu, Ketabh and Mehkha demon.' JmR' ~ <JJTHt [sahC)s bhag gami] n Indar, who had one thousand vaginal spots. 2 the horner Indar - having one thousand vaginas. ffiJRlj'l:f [sahasmukh] n Sheshnag having one thousand mouths. 2 the Creator having one thousand mouths. ~ [sC)hC)smuratI] n one having innumerable forms - the Creator; a colossal form. 'R'CJ"H'"dTii:" [sahasr'ach] Skt "ffi'5ffi~ n one having a thousand eyes; Indar. 2 one having numerous eyes; Aka\. See ffiJH. 3 Vishnu. "sahsrach jake subh SOhE."-VN. 4 Sheshnag. Fl'UFRJl}f [sahasram], HclHai~ [sahasrav] See 'Fl'ffil'TH. "gamne satIguru gae agari. sahasrav ke pahuc majhari."-GPS. ffiJ ~ [~ah sayar] P .fIr!" an expert rider; a horse-man with a whip. ffiJW [sahsa] Skt-wm n doubt, suspicion. "VIDU sahjE sahsa na jae."-dnadu. "sahSE jiu maliDu hE."-dnJdu. "nahi sahsa sog. "-sri m 1. 2 thousands, meaning countless: "sahas netr muratI hE sahsa."-maru solhe m 5. 3 Skt adv hastily, hurriedly. "sahsa kino kam."-GPs. 4 forcefully. 5 without thinking. RCJHTfu>w [sC)hsaIa] adjhaving doubts. See RCJRT I. "nahi sahsaIa."-brla m 5. 2 hasty. See FKJHT 3. ~ [sahsai] n haste, hurry. "ut ki huh adlnk sahsai."-GPS. See ffiJW 3.2 Skt Ii1ti~IIfi1"\adja bed-fellow. HCJR'Ri1 [sahsastra] n a wearer of a thousand
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to rishi Jamdagni's ashram. The rishi with the weapons. See 'R"0l1~. "jlhI chin layo help of Kapila - a kam dhenu cow, entertained sahasastra bali."-samudrmathan. HclAi FO(ij3 , [sahsakrrtaJ n See ffiTFl"fg3t. "koi the king so well that he was taken aback. While parta sahsakrrta koi parE purana."--ram m 1. taking leave, the king demanded Kapila from If we take sahsakrrta to mean Sanskrit, then the rishi which he declined. At this the king it is not the language of the Purans. This word tried to take away the cow forcibly, but the denotes a language different from that. Here army born ofthe cow routed the king's soldiery. it means that some people (Baudhs and Jains) To avenge his defeat, Sahasarbahu once again read their scriptures in Magdhi Prakrit while made a surprise attack at Jamdagni's ashram others study the Purans in Sanskrit. with full force and killed the rishi. At that time HclH'CJJ<!' [sahsagul).a] adj one thousand times. Jamdagni's son Parsuram was not at home; "de de mag-hI sahIsa gUl).a."-var asa. when he returned to the ashram, Renuka, his HclHI(')(') [sahsanan] n Sheshnag having one mother, gave out seven desperate wails. There thousand faces. "kap uthyo sun y5 upon Parsuram resolved to evict Kashatrias sahsanan."-krIsan. 2 one with countless from the earth and fought 21 times to achieve faces - the Creator. his purpose. Then he fought against I HclH'~tl [sahsabhuj] See HclIj8 Q. "srijadubir Sahasarbahu and killed him. See ~ and te jo sahsabhuj bhajgayo nahI juddh ~. 2 Vanasur (Bhaumasur) who had a macayo."-krIsan. thousand arms. See ~ 5. HclAdl6 [sahsegath], HclAdlFo [sahasegathI] n Hcllj8'Q ffa' [sahsrabahu arr] Parshuram. suspicion, fear-complex. 2 Krishan. Frm! [sahsraJ one thousand. 2 (in Nighunt) Frm!1:::f~ [sahsramukhraval).] See ~. countless. See FRJR. ~ [sahsra~uJ one having a thousand rays, Frm!~ [sahsradan] adj who is a generous the sun. donor. 2 n the Creator. 3 See 'FltfFre tro. ~ [sahsrak~] n one having a thousand eyes, HclljCi:<!l [sahsraphal).i], HclljCi:(')l [sahsraphani] God. See 'FI<JFr and F1<TlJ. 2 Indar. According n a snake with one thousand hoods; Sheshnag. to the legend, one thousand vaginal spots appeared on the body of Indar due to See FtHo-ror. Hcllj8 i Q [sahsrabahu] an illustrious king of Gautam rishi's curse, which later on turned Haihay dynasty, who according to the Sanskrit into eyes. poets had a thousand anTIs. Being the son of F1<TlJT ~wo [sahsri bhujan] See ffiTifwg. 2 a Chandarvansi king Kritviray he is called goddess with countless arms. "japE ratr dyosa sahsri bhujana."-aj. Kartviray and is also known as Arjun. He was the king of Mahishmati l town and a disciple "Hila" [sahak] n drawing a deep breath. 2 adj of Dattatrey. He conquered the whole world dry. "trrl).a ta mera sahka ta haria."-sahas m and ruled over it for 85,000 years. 5. 'from a blade ofgrass into a mountain, from In Brahmvaivart Puran there goes a story dry into green.' that once alongwith his army Sahasarbahu went 'H'"Ua"(!T [sahakl).a] v to draw a deep audible IAccording to an article of Cunningham, Mandla (C.P.) breath; to breathe heavily; to sigh. 2 to long for, to yearn. "~at ka dokhi sada sahkaiE." town is Mahishmati.
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-sukhmani. 2 collaboration. 3 a mango with fragrance spreading far and wide. 4 a helper, assistant. ~ [sahkari] Skt B~;::r, adj helpful, cooperative. "phuat phuat sahkari 10g."-GPs. JmtIR? [sahgal] n a sub-caste of the Khatris. "pnthi mall sahgal bhala."-BG ~ [sahgamInil adj accompanying female. 2 one who accompanies her dead husband to the next world; a sati. "atkal jaI pny sag sahgamIni hVE."-BGK. 'R'UaJ'1l-ft [sahgami] ad} accompanying male. 2 n companion. FfiJUlT [sahgha], FItJl.1t [sahgho] Skt S~ adj cheap. "VI!).U gahak gu!). veciE tau gu!). sahgho jaI."-var maru 1 m 1. ffiffiO' [sahcar] adj accompanying male. 2 n a friend, companion. 3 an attendant, servant. ~ [sahcaril adj accompanying female. 2 n a female friend. ffiffi'Q [sahcar] n the act of keeping company. 2 association, friendship. ~ [sahcari] n a friend, associate, companion. 2 ~ adj an accompanying person. 'ffiItI' [sahaj] or'ffiJ'ff [sahaju] Skt ~ adj innate. 2 n a (twin) brother. 3 temperament, nature, habit, wont. "amntu IE IE nim sfcai. kahIt kabir ua ko sahaju na jai."-asa. 4 a thought, discrimination. "sahje gavIa thaI pavE."-sri a m 3. 5 knowledge. "karmi sahaj na upjE VI!).U sahjE sahsa na jaI."-cmadu. "guru bIn sahaj na UpjE bhai, puch-hu gIania jaI."-sor am 3. 6 ecstasy, bliss. "cauthE pad mahI sahaj hE gurmukhI palE paI."-sri a m 3. 7 cultured, devoted to one's husband. 8 the Supreme Being, the Creator. "sahaj salahi sada sada." -sri a m 3. 9 honour, regard. 10 adv effortlessly. "satIguru ta paIa sahaj seti." -anadu. 11 natural "jo kIChu hOI su sahje
~ [sahkar 1 Skt n cooperation.
hOI."-var bIla m 3. "sahje jagE sahje SOVE." -var sor m 3. 12 easily. "mukatI duara mokla sahje avau jau."-s kabir. 13 S n pounded bhang (intoxicating hemp). ~ [sahajanad] n innate bliss, spiritual ecstasy. 2 natural joy. ~ [sahajsamadhI] n in contrast to the relentless mortification of hath yog, effortless contemplation. 'The yogis perform relentless contemplation, while the Sikhs indulge in effortless contemplation. They are perpetually engaged in the recitation of Gurbani and thus their life does not go waste' (Bhagtavli) "sahaj samadhI sada IIV han SIu."--sar a m 1. ~~ [sahajsarovarl reservoir of knowledge. 2 ocean of knowledge. 3 the Guru, the spiritual mentor. 4 a congregation. ~m [sahajsarovan] in sahajsarovar. "tua sahaj sarovan bas."-savEye m 4 ke. H"JfI131:f [sahajsukh] n innate bliss. 2 adj spontaneous ecstasy. 'ffiItI' ljo ~ Uf'C [sahaj sun ka ghatl n dasamdvar (the tenth opening), the ultimate stage of spiritual enlightenment. "gag jamun ke atre sahaj sun ke ghat."-s kabir. Here Ganga stands for Ira and Jamuna for pfgla. 2 the path of sahaj dhuni. See tIo 9. 'ffiItI' lJ~ [sahaj subhaul, 'ffiItI' "IJWfu [sahaj subhaIl adj inherent, natural. "jIu pavak ka sahaj subhau."-sukhmani. 2 adv naturally inculcated. "mih vutha sahaj subhaI."-var gau 2 m 5. 3 natural, effortless. "sahaj subhaI mIle gopala."-sor m 5. ~ [sahajsukh] See Fl'Btf J]1:f. "sahaj sukh anad ghanere."-suhi chat m 5. 'ffiItI' Fro [sahaj sm] n state of contemplation. "sahaj SEn aru sukhman nari udh kamal bIgsaIa."-sor m 5. 'ffiItI' acJT [sahaj kathaJ n narration of knowledge. 2 praise of the Lord.
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~ [sahajkel]
n natural ecstasy; everlasting
bliss. [sahajgupha] n mental tranquility. 2 mind at peace. "sahajgupha mahI asal.lU badhIa."-asa m 5. FIUi'Iilar [sahaj-jog] n in contrast to the rt~lentless mortification of Hath yog, it is a unique and simple form ofyog. It is a form ofyog that is attained through contemplation, enhanced by the recitation of 'Nam'. In Gurbani it is also termed as bhagatIjog, tattjog, brahmjog etc. and sahajjog is defined as under: "guru ka sabadu manE mahI mudra, kh:rtha khIma haqhavau. jo kIehu karE bhala karI manau, sahaj jog nIdhI pavau. baba ! jugta jiu jugah jug jogi param t5t mahI jog5. 5mntu namu nU5janu paIa gIan kaIa ras bhoga. sIvnagri mahI asal).I bEsau kalap tIagi bada. sI!Ji sabadu sada dhunI SOhE ahI nISI purE nada. patu viearu gIanumatI q5qa varatman bIbhuta. han kiratI rahraSI hamari gurmukhI p5thu atit5. sagli jotI hamal'i s5IIlIa nana varan anek5. kahu nanak SUl).,I bhal'than jogi! parbraham !Iv ek5."-asa m 1. "gun manu mano kan sajogu, ahInIsI raVE bhagatIjogu, gur s5tsabha dukhu mItErogu, jan nanak harIvaru sahaHogu." -bds~t m 1. "jogu na bhagvi kapri, jogu na mde vesI. nanak ghan bEthIa jogu paiE sat:cgur kE updeSI."-SdVa m 3. RclHQldj [sahajdhari] adj having innate knowledge. 2 easy-going, comfort, loving. :; none of the sects among the Sikhs, whose members do not get baptised, but profess Sikhism l
lThere are lots of sahajdharis in Punjab and Sind. Sahajdharis especially those of Sind are very affectionate and devoted. Singhs, who look down upon them, are ignorant of the tenets of Sikhism.
FIUHiH~
without adopting the formal symbols. [sahajdhunI] n contrary to the listening of anahat nad at the tenth opening (dasam dvar) through practice of hath-yog, perpetual recitation ofNam; Nam's perpetual recitation. "satIguru seve til sahajdhunI upjE."-sor m 3. RclflQ:III(') [sahajdhyan] n contrary to meditation as practised in hath yog, unrelenting faith in Gurshabad. 2 self-realisation through meditation. ffiJi1l.i'cr [sahajpath] a sect among the Vaishnavs introduced by the Svaroop Damodar, its members sit facing young beautiful women, meditate upon and sing the praise of the chief eroticist Krishan. RclH3 1'1 [sahajbhau], 'ffil'Ff'"8fTfu [sahajbhaI] n peaceful nature. 2 spiritual love. "sahajbhaI mIliE sukh hOVE."-SIdhgoSdtI. 3 adv naturally, spontaneously. FI'Ut'l'lf3T [sahajmata] n self-contemplation. 2 self-doctrine. 3 adv spontaneous, natural. "sahajmate bal).Iai he."-maru solhe m 3. ~iJI' [sahajyog] See: 'ffiJ'i1' Ftar. ~ [sahjaria] adj relating to the inner poise, spiritual. 2 spontaneous. "tau sukh sahjaria."-bIha m 5. 'ffiJAT [sahja] See Hw. 2 See 'ffiJ'i1'. 3 (a female) born alongwith. R()tl'FsnJT [sahjaIa] adj (a male) born alongwith. 2 one who has attained spiritual knowledge. 3 ffiJR-fI"fur' spontaneous. "maha an5d aeft sahajaIa."-asa ill 5. 'RUtfI3' [sahjat] born alongwith, syngenetic. ~ [sahjada] See ~. Fl'UN'Tfu [sahjan], 'FI~ [sahjari] adj about spiritual knowledge. "nuari apari sahjari." -asa m 5. 2 Skt 'ffiJ'i1'-l1ffu an innate enemy; natural opponent. 3 n step brother or first cousin who fosters ill-will due to greed for wealth and property.
RclHg f(')
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F!Ufu
344
l1<J"ijT
f.W(')F.I'd [$ahan$ah] P ~~ adj king of kings, spontaneously. 3 naturally. 4 meditating over emperor who exercises suzerainty over rulers the Supreme Being. "Iage sahajI dhIanu." of several countries and kingdoms. See wu -jdPU. 4 with discretion. "sahajI sigar FfTUT<f. kamal:lI kanave."-suhi ;:J m 1. 5 gradually, Hd(')All"l ,[sdhansiI] SkI w;orvf1c1 adj tolerant, steadily. "sahajI pake so mitha."-tukha whose nature is marked with forbearance. bar;:Jhmaha. 6 with forbearance. "sahajI 2 forgtving "sahansil pavan aru pa1).i."-maru sahajI gU1). rame kabira."-gdu kdbir. "babiha ill 5. tU sahajI bol."-s;:Jva m 3. ~ [sahnak] P -8' 11 a dish, plate, small FI'Uffi [sahji] 11 a sahajdhari. Sikh. "tre prakar plate of metal, saucer. "sahnak sabh sasara." mam sIkkh hE: sahji c;:Jrni khac:l."-r;:Jt;:Jnmal. -bjher namdev. 'sahajdhari, charanpahuli and khanda amrit- RU'i')T [sahna] See ~ and ffiJ?i. dhari.' See HdtiQ'al. ~ [sahnai] P 11 a c1arionet, flute, mJi3 [sahaju] See FmtT. horn, trumpet. "kaha su bheri sahnai."-asa d ffiJit [sahje] adv naturally, spontaneously. 1m 1. "sahje asa1).U asthIru bhaIa."-gdu d m 5. RU1;f'ij' [sahpur] P .I?- a musical instrument 2 steadily, patiently. resembling a bugle. "c;laph bin rabab sahpur FI'U<!" [saha1).], FI'U<!" Ffl'l"l' [saha1). sill See ffiJ?i and bdje." and "khajri sahpur."-sdloh. Hcl?>H1M. "saha1).sil sata."-sdhdS m 5. ffiJ'S'IH [sahbaj] P ;V 11 a hawk, a young male FI'(J(!I' [sah1).a] v to tolerate; to forbear. See FI<J II. falcon. "jya sahbaj mano cakva sag ekdha F.m'3Rr [$ahtir] P ~ a beam, log, sleeper. kahu su mar gIrayo."-krrsdn. "pakheru ~ [sahtut] See ~. $ahbaj pekh c;lhukk na haghan mIle na c;lhoi." Frti'3" [sahatt], mf3T [sahatta] SkI ~8'q 11 -BG See ~ l../'sT. company, association. 2 forbearance. See FI<J 'fI'U'8TW [sahbala] P ..IV 11 the best man of the 11. bridegroom, almost of his stature and age. FRIt!' [sahad] SkI m (company) 'i: (provider). HUH [saham] P ( 11 fear, awe. "SUI SUI sukh 2A.4' 11 honey. SklFP'QUfnectar collected from sahama dehI su tU bhala."-tukha bar;:Jhmaha. flowers by honey-bees. It is humid in effect; 2 A ( darkness, soot. 3 a slur. "khdte dam it purifies blood and provides relief from sahami."-s;:Jva m 1. 'wealth got through diseases like cough etc. unjust means.' 4 A ( a portion. 5 an arrow. ~ [sahdev] 11 the youngest ofPandavs. He FJ}I3" [sahmat] SkI adj holding similar views; was born to Madri from her cohabitation with in agreement. Ashvani Kumars. See~. 2 son ofJarasandh, FRJ'ij' [sahar] P ;- 11 a town; shore. 2:A month. the king of Magadh. 3 A /' early morning, dawn. ~ [sahdharmi] ~, a co-religionist. E"U"aOT [$ahrag] P 11 aorta. 2 wind pipe, m:ro [sahan] SkI adj sturdy, strong. 2 tolerant. trachea. See F.P'U'QcJT. 311 act of tolerating. "kas kasvdti sahe su tau." ~ [$aharpanah] 11 a fort for defending -o~kar. 4 accepting, imbibing. "gur ki agIa man the city; city's boundary wall; rampart. mahI sahe."-sukhm;:Jni. 5 A a courtyard, 'H"UQT [sahra] A j / ' 11 a jungle. wilderness. desert especially one as ofArabia, Africa and compound. 6 a big and deep plate of metal.
'RUft:r [sahajI] adv knowingly. 2 naturally,
Jl:I
J;-
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Malva. [sClhraha] See~. 2 Pkt v to caress; fondle. "te pCldpakClj kesClv ke Clb udh,w IE kar me sClhrae."-knscm 3 to tickle. 4 Skt ~1'1<!" 11 use. ffiRft [sClhri] See ffil1lft. 2 inhabitant of a city, citizen. See ~. JRJ9 [sClhClru] See ffiJO. FIirn" [sClhCll] A Jr adj easy, simple. "j:[ybo jClg ko sClhClI hE yClhE kClthIn dVE karn. prat sabhClrbo raj ko rat sabhClrbo ram."-cantr81. 2 level and soft soil. 3 Abu Mohammad:. an exalted saint and son ofAbdulla Tashtari who died in 823 Hijri. 'R'iJ'W [sClhla], Rill'Sl [sClhli] adjeasily available. 2 fruitful, useful. "sClhli khep nanClk IE ara." -asa m 5. 3 easy, convenient. See H<W;. ~ [sClhlag], ~ [sClhlaDu] Skt ~ adj attached, joined. "pClUl). pal).i bEsatClJ: SClbh sClhl;'3ga."-gau m 3. "mCln dujabhau sClhlaDu."-suhi m 4. ~ [$ClhvClt] A .;:.-Y( 11 a wish, disposition, desire. 2 sexual urge, carnal desire. ~ [$ClhvClti] adj carnal, sexual. ~ [sClhvas] 11 cohabitation. ~ [sClhvasi] Skt {1[';i1Iff1\adjwho cohabits. 2 a neighbour. 'ffi)T [sClha] Skt F.l'1'lCI, a rabbit, hare. Moses the prophet regards rabbit as one of the impure animals. So the Jews regard it a sin to consume rabbit-meat. Parsis and Armenians also avoid eating its meat. Hazrat Mohammad did not condemn the rabbit. Since he regarded Moses as a prophet, most of the Muslims follow the Jews in this regard. Makhdum Jahanian of Uch, the mentor of the sweepers, was of the same view. Per his direction, the rabbit meat is forbidden to them. "sClha nCl khai cuhra maIa muhtaj."-BG There are some other stories popular with
'RU'a"!7)T
the sweepers. Lal Beg, the incarnation of Valmiki, in their view, was nourished upon the milk of a she-rabbit, hence eating of rabbit-meat is forbidden to them. Another story that goes is thatonce a sweeper killed a calf and concealed it under a basket, when the owner of the calf searchyd the place, it turned into a rabbit under the influence of Lal Beg. Since then eating of rabbit was forbidden. 2 Skt "BeT. aloe harbadevsis perfoliata. 3 winter season. 4 henna (mehadi). ~ [sClhau] 11 nature, temperament. "hClmro sClhau sClda sCld bhuICln."-brla m 5. 2 tolerance, forbearance. 3 adjffiJ-fTl!f of the same age. 'ffi:JTfu [sClhaI] SktFfiJTTiT adjwho helps. "sri Clkal j; sClhai." 'fI'il'Tfuq [sClhaIk] adj helpful. Hi,J1re3 1 [sClhaIta] 11 help, support. ffiJ'ltt [sClhai] Skt~adjwho helps, assistant. 'H'U'l1 [sClhas] adj laughing. 2 (one) who sits along. ffiJ'H('j' [sClhasCln] ffi)"-l?fTl1O. 11 the act of sitting along. ffiJT3' [sClhat] adj helper, assistant. "prClbhu jiu hOI sClhat."-keda m 5. 2 tolerates, bears. ~ [$ClhadClt] A ';:'-JL? 11 a testimony, deposition. 2 martyrdom, laying down life in a religious war. HijlQ:IIiGfl [sClhadhyayi] Bi?T~~, adj a classmate. 'f.Iil"OT [$Clhana] P ,.;1; adj royal, imperial, regal. "ffiTl'Q~fu' [sClhanubhutI] Skt 11 FRT-}fQ~fu sympathy; a sense sharing another's misery. 'ffiJT1'I [sClhab] P "':"' L? adj short form of ffiJ-~. a primary colour. 2 red, scarlet. "rCll).a dekhiE rag rupa sClhaba."-VN. 3 A a bright star. 4 a streak of fire produced by the falling of a celestial body in the sky due to friction with the air. 5 See ft:R:rra".
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[sahaba] A ~~ adjwho does his duty in a discreet way; who avoids committing an error. "satIguru sacca patsah beparvah athah sahaba."-BG 2 righteous. ~ [~ahabuddin muhamadGori] tJj.Jcf...;JI,":,~ Gor is a place situated in the north of Ghazni. Due to his origin from this place, he came to be known as Gori. He was the same Shahabudin who planted the Muslim rule in India. He conquered MuItan in 1175 AD to be followed by Uchch. Having captured Lahore in 1186 AD, he occupied Punjab. In the year 1191 he proceeded towards Delhi but was defeated by Raja Prithiraj Chauhan in the battlefield at Travari near Kamal. Next year he defeated Prithiraj in the same battlefield and became the ruler of India. During his return journey from Punjab on 14 th of March 1206 (Sammat . 1264), he was murdered by a Gakkhar (r) enemy in a camp on the bank of Jehlum. mJ'I)f [saham] Skt sen m-r. 'We tolerate'. See mJO. 2 'I tolerate.' 3 A (If plural of FmH. 4 short form for~, meaning a celestial arrow; invisible destiny, fate. "SIrI SIrI lekh sahama."-sor a m 1. ffiJTliI" [ sa hay], l1JI1jf"O[ [ sa hay a k], FmTGfOT [sahayta], 'R"JTtjft [sahayi] See R(JTfu, ~,
JroTST
>-h? [sahari mall], FI"JI"a't OTH [sahari ram] the first elder cousin of Guru Ramdas, who lived at Lahore. Upon the marriage of his son, the Guru sent Arjan De" to Lahore with the order to stay there and engage himself in religious preaching and not to come back until called back. Accordingly, the Guru's son stayed on at a place named Divankhana for several months at a stretch and performed his duty. Having got eager for the holy darshan, he sent several letters carrying such verses as "mera manu 10CE gurdarsan tai" to the Guru. ~ [saharu] a chiba devotee of Guru Amar Dev known for his benevolence "gagu apar saharu bharu."-GPs. ~m [saharohi] ffiT-nrra-"fu"Q adj a co-rider; one who sits beside the passenger in a carriage. Hfu [sahI] See ffiT and "f.lT(J. "sahI tIka dItosu jivdE."-var ram 3. 'Guru Nanak Dev performed the coronation of Guru Angad during his own life time.' 2 husband, lord. "matu jal) sahI gall paIa."-sri m 1. 3 having endured. See mJO. "sanmukh sahI ban he mng arpe man tan pran he."-asa eMit m 5. "Rfu>w [sahIa] n a rabbit. 2 adj endured. 'flfuR" [sahIs] See FRJR. RF(JRFCllda [sahISkIrat] See RclRFCllda and
RclRFC331.
~,
JfUTO
FJOIEl.
[sahar] FrU-l?fT!TTO. shelter, refuge, protection. "satsahar guru ramdas."-savE'ye m 4 ke. "satsaharat syam ke paI."-krIs.:m. 2 Skt Wf,-([ an annihilation; a massacre. 3 engrossed. 4 relationship. "ulti Ie sakatI sahara."-ram kabir. 'after negating the charm of illusion.' ~ [saharl)a] v to tolerate, forbear. 2 to stretch, pull. 3 to stop, withhold. ffiJl"6T [sahara] See FI<JI"a". n a basis, foundation. 2 a residence, dwelling place. 3 attraction.
HftTJ:ffir [sahisra] See 1if~. 'Rfuw [sahIsa] See mrw.

RF(JR'FCllda ' RclHFC331.
[sahISakIrta] See RclHIFCllda l and
llfuJ!Q
[sahI:;mu] Skt ~ adj forbearing.
~ [sahIkl)a] See ~. ~ [sahIkar], ~ [sahIkari] See ~

and~.
~ [sahIgal] See ~.
"Rfutra" [sahIcar], and ffiltJ"dl.
[sahIcari] See ~
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aJlealtl
[Sahlcet] adj m-B-3'. aware, alert. "VE to sahlcet det kamna bhagat nlj."-NP Rfui:r [sahI j] See R'JR. Rfui:r ~ [sahlj anadu] See 1Ff(J'"ff ~:!. "pan sahlj anadu."-sri m 3. 'Rfutr [sahlju] See ffiJiJ. 'R'fuc!' [sahn;t], ~ [sahIDa] See 'FI"U75'. Hfu3' [sahlt] Skt part with, alongwith. "putr sahlt guru darsan kin."-GPs. 2 adv with love, with affection. "bhojan madhur sahH karvae."-GPS. 3 adj wishing, friendly. "pavlt mata pIta kutab sahlt sIu."-;mJdu. 4 See 'ffiI\: 2. 'flfu3r [sahlta] Skt~ adjtolerant, forbearing. 2 tolerates. See ~. 'Rfut!' [sahld] See 'ffiI\: 2. 'Rftft!' [sahfd], 'Rftf-e-r [sahfda] adj tolerant, forbearing. ~~ [sahldev] See~. 'Rfuo [sahIn], HrlJ()Hl~ [sahInsil] See FRI?5' and
~
H(](')Ff1~.
'fI'fu'att:IyOT [sahlbajpura] See 'fh-m. 'RfuH [sahlm] See ffilH. 'R'fua' [sahIr] See FRJO. 'fI'ftKit [sahIri] See FRRit. 'R'ft:rg [sahlI], 'Hfuw [sahlIa] easy. See Frtffi and 'H'<J"W. 2 fruitful, beneficial. "sahlIa marDa hOI."-var brha m 3. "sahlIa ala SOI."--var ram 1 m 3. ~ [:;;ahlvat] See ~. 'fRft [sahi] Pkt a female friend. Skt a girl-friend. "sahia VICI phIrE suheli.' -sri chat 4. "soi sahi sJdeh llrVarE."-gclU bavcm kabir. 2 a female rabbit. 3 P ()i adj straight. 4 A adv undoubtedly, certainly. "hE tau sahi lakhE jau koi."-gdu bavdn kdbir. 5 correct, real. "SUDiE SIkh sahi."-var ram 1 m 1. "jlni calat:lu sahi jalpa."-vaQ m 3 alahIJi. "bhajan ram ko sahi."-sor m 9. 6 n a judgement, decision. "mIII sadhah kino sahi."-sar m 5. 7 a
6'"
signature. ":;;ri guru te nahI sahi pavai."-GPS. 8 an account book, a ledger. 9 See 'FI"U75'. "mE teri kathor baDi bahut sahi hE."-JSBB. ~ [sahiah] to female-friends (seekers of knowledge) "guru mele sahiah."-maru d kaphi m 1. FIU't Jrn'T'Hf3' [sahi saIamatI] sen healthy, without any injury, without any regret and loss. "gharr sahi saIamatI ae."-sor m 5. ~ [:;;ahid] A adj who gives evidence. 2 n a witness. 3 a martyr who lays down life in a religious war. 4 adj a member of the Shahid-misl. See ~ tft fH1:rc? aJldlH [:;;ahldgaj] n a place of martyrdom; a place where a memorial or a temple is raised to commemorate the remains ofa martyr. The Sikhs have numerous such places, of which the following are worth-mentioning: 1 a memorial to honour countless Singhs for their great valour; it is situated to the south of the holy tank of Amritsar. 2 Baba Gurbaksh Singh's memorial. It is situated near Akalbunga. 3 a memorial for Baba Dip Singh; it is situated near Ram Sar. 4 a memorial for Baba Basant Singh and Baba Hira Singh close to the platform ofGuru ka bagh. 6 a memorial for Bhai Tota Singh, a commander of Guru Hargobind, and thirteen other Sikhs. It is situated in the street of Khalsa Khatris near Jamadar di haveli. 7 There are two memorials at Anandpur, Taragarh and Fatehgarh. 8 in Sirhind a memorial for the younger Sahibzadas and another near the tomb of Shah Buali, in the memory of numerous valiant Singhs. 9 a memorial on the bank of the holy tank at Mukatsar for Bhai Mahan Singh and 39
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other Singhs who accompanied him. lOin Lahore, a memorial for Bhai Taru Singh and Bhai Mani Singh, etc. lltfIt!t ~ fi.rm;s" [sahIda di unsal] one of the twelve misls of the Sikhs, founded by the martyr Dip Singh, a landlord of village Pohuwind (district Amritsar). He was appointed head of Damdama Sahib (place related to the Guru) by the Panth. While heading the crusade to defend Darbar Sahib Amritsar, he laid down his life in Sammat 1817. Anumber of weI I-known martyrs, such as Bhai Karam Singh, Gurbaksh Singh, Sudha Singh, etc. belonged to this misl. To this misl belonged the Shahzadpuria sardars, to whom the Panth handed over the service and maintenance of Damdama Sahib. Sardar Dharam Singh and his brother Karam Singh conquered Shahazadpur and established their rule there in Sammat 1820 (1763 AD). Sardars of Darauli and Tangoria (District Ambala) also belonged to this misl. Natha Singh the martyr, who rendered service to Babe di ber at Sialkot and was granted a manor Uagir) also belonged to this misl. 'F.I'tilt:ft [f.'ahidiJ n martyrdom, witness. 2 the act of attaining martyrdom. 3 the act of sacrificing one's life for the sake of religion. RUteT ~iIT [f.'ahidi deg] adj sweet pudding offered at the martyr's memorial. 2 In the Nihang Singh lingo, it is an offering of sweetened bhang (intoxicating hemp). ~ [sahiri] SkI ~ n the sun. 2 akk (calotropis procera, calotropis giganta) 3 adj dominant. 4 supreme. "guru sabad sahiri." -BG 5 n truth. mr [sahu] See mJ'. 2 husband. See mJ' 2. "sahu kahe su kije."-tIl.:ig m 1. 3 See FRJ?l. "sahu ve jia, apl).a kia."-var asa. [saM] n an oath, a pledge, promise, resolve.
mr ~ [sahu sohagal).] a hypocritical hermit,

who impersonating as a woman at night, claimed that God as husband would sleep with him at night. "duj cadni rat ko sahu ave mujh pas."-NP. The teachings of Nanak Dev impelled him to discard this hypocrisy and turn into a true saint. mra-r [sahura] See 11l.'fOT. "sahura vadi."-var ram 2 m 5. ignorance. ~ [sahuta] adjtired, exhausted. 2 bearable. FJVO [sahur] ~. discretion. See ~. "bole prabhu puran sahur sag jag karo."-GPs. ~ [sahulat] A ..:J Jf' n ease, facility. R'fr [sahel plural of"R(JT. See "R(JT. 2 See FRJ?l. 3 See Rtft. "matI gurumatI han han sahe." -prabha m 4: 'corrected, rectified.' F.rfr Era" [f.'ahe f.'ab] P ~,.:- n lord of the night, the moon. 'R"frfi:rnrT [sahesIa] adv patiently, with forbearance. "sev sahesIa."-BG 2 became mJ'"ilF.r-~, merged with God. ~ [sahet] See'R5GR. 2 Pkt n F.mc a rendezvous, a tryst. "pyare ko esi sahet batai."-carItr 88. R'frCT [saheta] See ffiTctf. n a resting place. 2 adv patiently, with forbearance. "gyan dhyan kar bhagatI saheta."-BG 3 part with, alongwith. R'fr3" [sahet] adj with affection. 2 part with, including. "mde jogi jagam jata sahet."-bher kabir. R'fr~ [sahetuJ, R'fr~C1 [sahetuk] Skt adj with reason; which has some cause. R'frQo [saheran], ~ [saherna] See ~. 'R"fra-r [sahera] a frienc' "bhai badhu kutab sahera."-suhi ravIdas. 2 to accept as wife/ husband. See ~. ~ [saheri], ~ [sahelri], ~ [sahela], ffiJ"ffi [saheli] SkI "ff-gc'fT adj play-mate. 2 defiant. "sakhi saheli nanad gaheli."-asa kabir. 3 erotic desire born of adornment. Skt
mr
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:;;ekhar vI:;;ekh saty silta satokh :;;uddhI diragh dayaluta samet nIj got hi, "sun-hu saheri mIlan bat kahau."-b.rla m 5. gyan ko prakash;) vErag ko VIbhav hot "sagal saheli apne rasI mati."-gau m 5. Here saheli means the senses. "meri sakhi gurudev nanak ko dar:;;an hot hi. -guru p5ca~.rka. sahelriho! prabhu kE CClraDI lagah."-bTha chat Alongwith the Guru's glimpse the aforem5. FIfuror [saherna] See FRT and ~. v to acquire; said objects are said to have appeared and disappeared. "tut gayo Ik bar bIdeh to adopt. 2 to defy. 3 to accept as husband. mahipatI soc sarasan :;;abhu ko."-dev kavI. 4 to accept as wife. See tRJ1:fT ~. Hfr;ft [saheri] past tense of~. See ~. 'ffii'ci::r [sahotaj] Skt n a hut made of leaves. 2 a 2 n village in police station Morinda, tehsil hermitage. Ropar, district Ambala. It is situated II miles 'ffitcr fsahota] n a hare's young one. 2 a rabbit, to the north-east of Sirhind. About one furlong hare. "natu prapat mEdan sahota."-GPs. to the west of the vilIage is the gurdwara of 3 adj sheltered, protected. Zoravar Singh and Fateh Singh. To this l1fre' [sahod], ~ [sahodar] Skt FRT-~ adj village belonged Gangu Brahman, the uterine. 2 n real brother. "god mE acet het sapE na sahod ko."-BGK. 'An unaware infant ungrateful man, who with dubious intention son does not care for prestige and his brother's brought here Mata Gujri and the two love'. Sahibzadas. He leaked information to the ruling official at Morinda and got them ~ [sahodra], ffitt:cft [sahodri] uterine; a real sister. See ~. "gurdev badhap sahodra." arrested. Only Manji Sahib exists here, there -bavan. being no building of a gurdwara as yet. Historians have named this vilIage as Kheri ffifFf [sahas], FRTFRl' [sahasar] thousand and which Banda Bahadur razed to the ground. countless. See R<TIJ. "sahas nam IE IE karau The vilIage that grew up here later is known salam."-asa kabir. as Saheri. See if;ft and ol'qr. ffifFRl' ~ [sahasar dan] See m:n:r ~. 2 adj ~ [sahEl See FIUO. countless charities and rituals. "sahasar dan ~liJT [sahEya] adj tolerant. 2 a helper, de fdr roaIa."-var ram 1 m I. 'Due to countsupporter, assistant. less yags and charities, Indar rose to a high 'ffii' [saho] See FIUO. 2 n husband, lord. "so saho pedestal but wept when they led to his fall.' atI numal data."-suhi cMit m 3. ffifH'or [sahasra] thousands. See 2 n ~ [sahoktI] FRT-~ co-narration, sahokti village to the north of Amritsar at a distance rhetoric aims at the description of numerous of 15 miles, where gurdwara "Ror Sahib" is situated in the memory of Guru Arjan Dev. functions, their origin and end, alongwith the primary one. Since the time of the Guru a plas (ficus Example: infectoria) tree stands there. See ~~. kam kumlane kor parat na jane moh ffiii:r [sahasr] See ffi11J. ffiii:r~ [sahasrbahu] See H()1j81~. mad the parane jane parat na so tahi, HJljiH~ [sahasrasatrl n the bearer of a thousand lin bhae lobh maha mamta malin bhai weapons; having one thousand arms. "haDYo chin bhai irkha rahi na jag mo kahi,
00 scattered, dispersed. 4 n a friend, associate.
mn:r.
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jahI j;)nE sahasrasatr bhupa."-paras. See

Hijljal~ .
mR' [saMd] tolerant. 2 P k'" n a well-known

~
~ doubt "sak karau jI dusar hOI."-tIIJg kabir. 'J:l'q lfl..s [$ak samat], 'J:l'q ~ [$ak savat] See
mountain of Iran. HifM~'ij(). [saMda] See F!ft:Rt'. FJqG [sakat] :ncPc n a cart, wagon. 2 body, ffiii.r [saMm] fright, awe. See R<JH. "kIti Iaha physique. 3 See flc(C'ljd. saham."-var suhi m 1. 2 See m:ro. "tIn ba<;l 'R'aCtJT [sakat-ha] the slayer of demon Sakat; . Krishan. See flc(C'ljd. dukh sahama."-bIla m 4. mfw [saMma], mmt [saMmi] See R<JH and FJqG'i"i""M" [sakat naIl, 'Am: ~ [sakat naIIka] mJH. n a cannon/gun mounted on a cart. 2 a gun - carriage. 'R'U'-.r [sahy] Skt ~ adj tolerable, bearable. 2 healthy, robust. 3 dear. 4 n a part of the ~ [sakatni] n army entrusted with the task of maintaining supply line of carts.-sanama. western ghat, that extends upto northern Neelgiri of Malay mountain. It is a famous-" Haca'!! (J [sakatbyuh] Skt F.I'Cl(C-~. formation mountain of the south. In order to protect of troups of the shape of a cart; army thus himself from the foes, Shivaji used to live in organised during warfare. "saktabyuh raea this mountainous range. sUrpatI tab."-carItr 405. l1cfGT [sakta] See 'Am:. 'HC{ [sak] Skt ~ vr to be able to, capable of, be strong. ~ and ~ etc. are derived from Hac'Bd [saktasur] Skt F.I'Cl(C-1?llJd" demon having the same root. 2 Skt 1/[Cfi n a race inhabiting the form of a cart. He was sent by Kans to kiII Krishan but was himselfkiIled in return. the north. In earlier ages, these people resided "prI tham pu tna hani bahur saktasur on the bank of Sair river in Turkistan. In 160 kha<;lyo."-krIsan. See its story narrated in BC they left Turkistan and proceeded to the the 50 th chapter of 1Oth part of Bhagwat. south and then laying waste the Greek kingdoms of the frontier areas, they entered Hac'8'd() [saktabyuh] See 'Am: ~. India. They settled in Tax iI a, Mathura and ~ [sakl).a] See 'HC{. 2 v to have the capacity; Saurashtar (Kathiavar). In about 395 AD Raja to be capable of, have the strength to perform some job. "monI jan gah! na sakahI gata." Chandar Gupt Vikramadity of the Maurya -guj m 5. "satIgur ka phurmaIa manI na dynasty, defeated them and annexed western India to his kingdom. Thereby he came to be saki."-sava m 4. known as Sakari - the enemy of the Saks. ACE [sakat] Skt ~ adj attached, related. The upper half of their heads being shorn, 2 Skt ~ strong, powerful. "han sakat saran suggests that Raja Sagar had defeated them. I samrath nanak."-keda m 5. See 'H'Ofij' 2. The name Seestan (Sak land) Ha3<!l [sakatl).i] adj wearing a spear. "namo sakatl).i suIl).i."-cJQi. seems related to the same race. 2 In Mahabharat the origin of the Saks is shown 'RCl('3' 'fuJh:r [sakat b I sekh] See 'H'Ci(fu" ftrflcf. to be from the sweat ofVashishth's cow. 3 A Ha::s~ia [sakatvar] adj powerful, mighty. I See Mahabharat. "sakatvar jamdut."-mala m 1. ACE'" [sakta] adjpowerful, competent, mighty. 2In Chinese, the Saks were named Si. That is why. si "sakta sihu mare pE vagE."-asa m 1. 2 A ,::t: stii, seem apt at places.
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n the state of being motionless. the state of being immobile. 3 adiseaseSkt~apoplexy. It occurs after the age of forty and is caused by head-injury, renal diseases, too much addiction to alcohol, opium, smoking of tobacco and charas, intoxicants and overindulgence in sex. In apoplexy, the body gets numb; the heart does beat but the brain" stops functioning. The pulse becomes feeble and the body gets colld. At times, the patient loses control over the functioning of his stool and bladd~~r or they stop functioning. To begin the treatment, the patient with head raised should be made to 11ie down comfortably. His shirt should be-un-buttoned, Sandalwood and camphor rubbed in vinegar and a piece of cloth soaked with it shoulld be applied to the forehead. IHhere is excessive blood, some of it may be let out through phlebotomy done by some competent person. Calves and biceps should be tightly tied with handkerchiefs. Enema should be performed and soles of hands and feet massaged. Administration of majun fIlasfa, xamira, gaujuban, yograj, guggal, and distillate of ark kasni is useful for the patient. Anything that cleans impurity from the intestines, i.e. extract of oats, soup of boiled mugi lentils and soup of white meats and soft food should! be given to him. 4 a flaw in a couplet. See a'T~~r and
mmr [sakatI] Skt ~ n strength, capacity.

"manu mahatu na sakatI hi kai."-bIla m 5. 2 effect, impact. "sakatI adher jevri bhram cuka."-gaukdbir. 3 illusion. "jahI dekha tahI ravIrahe SIV sakti ka mel."-sri m 5. 4 woman. "sakatI saneh kan sunatI kari." -asa kdbir. "tau anI sakatI galI badhIa."-sri be1J.i. 5 nature. 6 a spear. "pahIrI sil sanahu
orfu.
sakatI bIdan."-sdvEye m 2 ke. Here the word "sakatI" is a pun for illusion and spear. 7 context of a word or sentence conveying the meaning. 8 Competence of gods and their consorts is also known as sakti. They are countless in number but the most prominent are - f draI).i, v~mavi, ~ata, br~hmaI).i, ndri, kJmari, narsfghi, varahi, mahe~vri, camuqa, caqIka, kartIki, pradhana, kirtI, katI, tu~tI, pu~tI, dhntI, ~atI, knya, daya, medha, lolak~i, diraghjIhva, gomukhi, kuqodri, vIrja etc. 9 Skt ~. relation, due to. "jse sakatI suru bahu jalta gur saSI dekhe lahI jaI sabh tapna."-g5c;f m 4. 'heat due to the sun.' F.l'a'f3" tff.!" [~akatI paI).I 1adj ( one) that holds a spear in his hand. 2 n Kartikey, son of Shiv. Kharanan. firfhf [sakatI bIsekh] n special strength. 2 ~-~annihilation of power. "pntham sakat pad ucankE pun kahu sakatI bIses." -sanama. 'spear that ends the strength of the mighty ones.' 'Riil'31 [sakti] See ~. 'Jia'31 'R"(fl? [sakti sabal] adj (one) who strengthens the illusion. "ape sakti sabal kahaIa."-maru solhe m 5. 2 rendered dappled by nature. See ~ 3. 'Riil'31 urfu [sakti gharI 1in illusion's abode. i.e. in ignorance. "sakti ghan jagat suta nac tapE."-guj d m 3. ~ [saktul n Mehta, a resident of Agra, was a disciple of Guru Arjan Dev. In the army of Guru Hargobind he was a top warrior. He showed great valour in the battle fought at Hargobindpur. See mit m:IF.T. "paras ram saktu dUI ae. tarkas dhanukh sarir sajae."-GPs. J1cil"a"a' [sakattar], ~ [sakatr] E secretary. 2 a minister. 'RCfEf [sakath] See rrorortf. FlOrO [sabnl A ~ n residence. 2 rest. 3 peace.
mmr
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4 kindness. 'FfCl(TH' [sakas] Skt FIOfTH adv near, close by, at ~ [sakaf] A ..;Jr n a roof. hand. 2 n a relative, connection. FJqljJl:f [sakyath], ~ [sakyathau], ~ ~ [sakabad] Skt~ Shak Sammat. See [sakyathu] Skt~ an appropriate meaning. Hif1'58 I cli'l. 2 S ~ effective, meaningful, purposeful. 'RCfIlf [sakam] adv passionately, desirously. "janamu sakyathu bhab jagI."-SClvEye m 1 2 n a person with a longing. 3 a lustful person. ke. "cClraD tapar sakyClth."-sClvEye m 3 ke. 4 a lover. "tIn sakyClthau jClnamu jagI."-SClvEye m 4 ke. ~ [sakami] adj desirous, passionate. ~ [sakar] P Skt"F.l'"Cifur E sugar F sucre. ~ [sakar] n 11 character; its pronunciation. 2 in Punjabi raw sugar is known as ~akkar. 2 See FfI'Cl("Q. 3 See~. 4 Pkt early morning, dawn. "sakar khaq nIvat gur."-s fClrid. ~ [sakarkad], HCl(dci'Jl [sakarkadi] sweet 'H'Cl(T6'Ef [sakarath], 'H'Cl(TdCf'" [sakartha] See 'fl'Cl('(iI'Ef. tuber, sweet potato, to be eaten after boiling adj effective, efficacious, meaningful. it. L Convolvulus Catatas. "gurumukhI janamu sakartha."-var sar ill 4. 'f.I'iXO}:IT [~akar xa] P (; adj (one) addicted to H'CiRJT [sakara] Pkt n early morning, dawn. ~ [~akarI], F.fCl(T"d't [~akari] Skt n enemy of sugar. Sak descendants, Vikramdity. See ~ 2. 'f.I'iXO ilfor [~akar gag] n a large broad well that Guru Arjan Dev got dug at Kartarpur (District 2See~. 'R'Cl(T'li5" [sakal] adj timely. 2 subject to time, Jalandhar). See CiRJ'3Td" yu. opposite of eternal. ":lr sakal sabhE vasI kal 'f.I'iXO lIft:r [~akar gaj] adj an adjective for Baba ke."-VN. Farid. It is believed that sugarcane and sugar rained in heaps due to Farid's spiritual power. 11~ [sakavat] See 11~. 2 A .:.-,~ n misfortune. 3 adj unfortunate. ~ [~akarpara] n a lump of sugar. 2 a well'HfuoQ [sakmar] Col. James Skinner. (1778known sweetmeat, prepared through frying 1841 AD). He was the son of a Scottish rectangular pieces of kneaded fine flour and officer. His mother was a Rajput lady. He then coated with thick sugar-syrup; sweet served the Marhatta army under De Boigne khurmas. Skt ~1"\\.9Y1C'1. and Perron. Thereafter, he showed great ~ [sakal] Skt adj gifted, adept in the knowledge of arts. 2 whole, entire, total. "sakal valour under Lord Lake. He was a scholar of Persian. A battalion of cavalry, Skinner's sm Ik tha bhai."-GPs. 3 Skt WCliC1 n a piece, horse, was named after him. 1 Landed property fragment. "nakh sasI sakal se upIDa na lati si."-NP 4 a peel; skin ofa fruit. 5 one pan of worth rupees twenty thousand, alongwith the title ofC.B. was awarded to him. He died in a balance; See E scales. 6A a visage, form. 1841 AD. Historians of Punjab have also 7 countenance, appearance. given him the epithet of Sikandar Sahib. FJaT [sakal See 'H"Cl('(!T. "aI na saka tujh kanI pIare."-vClQ ill I. 2 Skt ~ adj one's own, Jrcfh-r [sakim] A ~ adj invalid, patient. born of the same parents. "puti bhati-i javai 2 addicted. 3 E a scheme, proposal. 4 n an arrangement, administration. saki."-var bIla ill 4. ~ [sakai] n attachment, intimacy. 2 a ROfu.ft [sakimi] n disease. 2 poverty, penury. relationship, an affiliation, a connection. 'It was also named as Yellow Boys.
J?
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353 See F1"6ft1-f. [sakirCl!).] See~. "dhara s<:lkir!).E bhai sara!). mas g<:lttle."-PP' 'The earth got covered.' ~ [s<:lkil] A J;:-' adj polished. 2 flooded. "bIchua sEph sakil."-saloh. 3 Lf" heavy. 4 hard to digest. 5 handsome, robust, elegant. ~ [sakuc] Skt R'chr brevity. 2 to contract. 3 to hesitate. Rgftr [sakuCI] hesitatingly, reluctantly. "car p<:ldarath S<:lkUCI p<:lthae."-BG $ [sakOt] Skt ~ n a bird. :~ son of Vishvamitar. ~ [s<:lkOt<:ll], ~ [s<:lkutla] Skt ~. n a damsel grown in the company of birds.. She was the daughter of rishi Vishvamitar and Menka, the fairy who, after giving birth, abandoned her in the jungle. Birds brought her up. Taking pity on her rishi Kanav took her to his hermitage. Once it so happened that king Dushyant got infatuated with her in the jungle. They married with mutual consent and a son was born to them who was named Bharat. Along with Bharat dynasty, the country owes its name to him. Kalidas, the poet, penned a poetic narrative known as 'Shakuntla' with great elegance. In Dasam Granth, Shakuntla is shown as the wife of king Prithu. See 'f\r''aTtL "tahf nan sakOtal rup dhare. S<:lSI suraj ki jalt1u kriltI h<:lre."-prrthu. ~ [s<:lkun] Skt ~ n a bird. 2 F1<ffi), signs depicting auspicious and inauspicious moments. See~. The substantive derives its name from the fact that in ancil;:nt tiimes people used to infer good or bad results from the language and movement of birds. With the substitution of 'err' for 'ct, the word FI'CJl'O has come into being.
~
'f19fo [sakum] SktFW;fon a bird. 2 an exceptional

snake. 3 a demon, who was the son of Harnakhas and father of Vdk. "sakunI puloman <:ltI b<:l1 jaka."-NP 4 son of Subal and brother of GandhaTi, maternal uncle of the Kaur.avs. He was very adept in gambling. It was he who defeated Yudhishtar in this game. ~ [$<:lkuni] See Rgfo. ~ [s<:lku1] adj dynastic. See ~. 'R'C3m [sakuli] short form of ~ (j<:llebi). "S<:lkuli pup tIhaval puri."-NP See ~. 2 Skt a fish of the Sakuli species. ~ [sakunat] A ..:;; J- n state of residence, act of residing, residence. See FICf<'). ~ [s<:lke$] Skt adj with hair. ~ [s<:lket] Skt adj absorbed in meditation. 2 Pkt narrow. 3 See Ij&~. 4 See Hch". "yahE s<:lket t<:lha b<:ld ai."-carrtr 103. ~ [s<:lkelan] Skt~. n compilation. "dhurI sakelkE puria badhi deh."-s kabir. "idh<:lnu adhIk sakeliE bhai pav<:lku racak paI."-sor a
ill
J!
1.
~ n unbreakable iron. 2 sword made of sakela is superior to the one made of steel, as it is flexible and thus does not break. It has more sheen than steel has. A sword of pure sakela has leaven as that of pure steel has of a jewel. "badh sakela phIrE Ikela."-prov. mhft [s<:lkoi] can, capable of. See FI<X<!". "gur ki vaQlai nIt C<:lrE savai apap ko n<:l sakai." -var gau 1 ill 4. 'that no body can attain.' FICi;:r [s<:lkad] Skt ~ vr to jump, leap; to invade. n 2 Kartikey, son of Shiv who goes about leaping and attacking the enemies. He is a commander of gods. In the Purans, six faces have been attributed to him. See O('dfa&Gl. 3 See~. 'fTCi'q [sakadh] Skt~n a shoulder. 2 a branch,
FI'&w [sakela] Skt
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chapter. 3 part of a book. When a book is comparedwith a tree, its chapters or parts are called s~k~dhs. 4 son of Vanasur. 'Jlq [s~kk] See 'Ra' and 'f.Iajf. 2 n a bark. ~ [s~kk~r] See FlORf. 2 a willow, sacchrum munja. See FfoRr oro. 3 Skt~ a bull, ox. 4 a string worn around the waist; a girdle. ~ oro [s~kk~r kan] n an arrow attached to a reed. "s~kk~r kan n~rac bh~n."-sanama. lfa'r [s~kka] A ~ n a water carrier. Skt ~ a sprinkler; he who sprinkles water. B'oit [$akki] adj of suspicious nature, sceptic. J:I"a'jf [$aky] Skt ~ adj possible, probable. 2 strong, sturdy, mighty. 3 the real significance of a word that conveys its meaning in a different context. l1cr.1Ef [sakyath] See ROltifEf. 11<[ [sakr] Skt 11Tsfi adj strong, sturdy, mighty. 2 n Indar. 3 See. ~. FIqlJ3" [sakr~sut] son ofIndar, Arjun. 2 Jayant. ~3"'3' [s~kr~tat] n Kashyap, who was the father ofIndar. 2 Jayant who was the son of Indar. 3 Arjun - who was born ofIndar's union with Kunti. ~ [$akrabh~v~n] Indar's abode, heaven. ~ [s~krard~n] n demons who tortured Indar. 2 In Sastarnammala ~ figures in place of ~-eo due to the negligence of the scribe as: "s~kr~rd~n, ~r rIpu p~d adI bakhankEo"-sanama. Here it should have been "s~kr~dan ar npu pad adI bakhankE." sakradan is another name for Indar, as he forces his enemies to weep. ~ [sakr~v~raI).] Indar is described as being fair complexioned. Hence this word stands for fair complexion. "s~krav~raI). ~tI ti'ihI vnajE."-cantr 145. Ai!'e'dR [s~kracar~j], 'CA~~T.:ie:n,:::rdGtT:r [sakracaray] the tutor of Indar - Vrihaspati. mrit [$akral).i], ~ [s~krani] Indar's queen.
Shachi, Indarani. f.IC!'Q;:r [$akranujl Indar's younger brother Vaman, the god. Frfqo [s~knt] Skt ~ part once. 2 always. 3 along with. 4 n a crow. 5 excreta ofanimals; dung, etc. m!t [sakri] Skt n a cloud. 2 a mountain. 3 an elephant. 4 lightning. mf-eo [s~kradan] See ~ and ~-eo. R1:f [s~kh] Skt Rft:r n a person with identical or similar nature; a companion. "mItr na putr k~latr saj~n s~kh."-savt:ye m 5 ke. 2 See RCfJr. E1:fA' [$akhas] A / n a person. 2 body, physique. F.fl:fJft [$akhsi] A ,jJ adj personal. 'A'lf<!T [sakhl).a], 'A1::fit [sakhI).i] adj empty, hollow. "VIc-hu sakhI).i aha."-suhi m 1. 2 Skt !iU5~<'9"1<'9 a hollow cowrie, worthless cowrie. JIl::f3' [saxat] P .:ft' adj hard, stiff. 2 mean. mat [s~xti] P hardness; opposite of softness; stiffness. 'Al:fOT [sakhna], R't:fi'l1 [sakhnil See Ffl:f<!T. "rite bh~re, bhare sakhnavE. "-brha m 9. 'empties.' FJ1:fl'5'O [s~khl~n] Skt Bm'!";:r. (BCfC\ vr to fall, collect, tremble) n fall, decadence. 2 shivering, trembling. 3 ejaculation. The body shudders at the time of ejaculation, hence this term. FIl:fT [sakha] Skt one who thinks alike; a friend. "sag s~kha s~bh t~jI g~e."-s m 9. FIl:fTfu [sakhaI], Rl:fTfuIr [sakhaIa] adjclaiming friendship. "w guru badh~pu mera s~kha s~khaI."-gaum 4. "kal~tr mata tere hohI na atI sakhaIa."-sri m 1. ~ [s~khai] adj having friendship, supporting. "jo namu sunaVE so mera mitu s~khai."-asa m 4. "han mera saku atI hoi sakhai."-guj m 3. 2 n friendship, affiliation. FIlfI3T [sakhata] n friendship. 2 adj friendly.
if
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"dukh bhaj~n sagI s~khata."-marusolhe m 1. 'ROTO [sag~n] See ~. 2 See 'R'CJI<Y. 3 n a fine quality, virtue. "sabhE sagna gUD hi dhar h6." A .:.-,l5" n generosity, magna-krISdn. nimity. R1:ft [s~khi] Skt a female friend; girl friend. 'fI'(J'('W [sagma] rather, moreover. See ~. 'RORf [s~g~r] Skt FlHOJ adj whole, entire, all. "an 2 A J adj generous. R1:ft ~ [s~khi s~rv~r] See~. a town of upav sagar kie."-mdla m 5 pdrtal. 2 n son of tehsil and district Dera Ghazi Khan.. To the king Bahu or Asit who was a Surajvanshi king south of this village is a gurdwara 'Tharha ofAyodhya. A detailed narration about him is Sahib'. It is in the memory of Guru Nanak available in books like Mahabharat. Haihayan had driven out Sagar's father (Bahu) from the Dev. This place is about 40 miles away from Ghazighat railway station. capital. Along with his wives, Bahu went to 'Rl:fb.ft [sakhimi] See FIOfb.IT. live injungle.Atthattime Sagar's mother was H'l:fO [saxun] P a discourse, a conversation. pregnant. Out ofjealousy, a co-wife poisoned 2 poetry. This word may be prollounc,ed as her, as a result of which the foetus stopped growing. So Sagar remained in the womb of suxan also. his mother for seven years and during this ~09' [sakllEl~il adj having friendship; dear, period Bahu died. The pregnant queen tried darling. "ram jap-hu meri sakhi sdkhEni." -asa d m 1. to bum herselfalong with her husband but rishi ~ [sakkhDa] See ~. Aurav dissuaded her from doing so and told 'Fl1:RJ [sakkhar] n a town situated near Shikarpur her that she would give birth to an illustrious on the bank of river Indus. Here is Sadhbela1 king. When the child was born the rishi named an important place bearing the memory of him Sagar (li (with) 0Rf (poison)) because the poison administered by the co-wife also got Guru Nanak Dev. See ~. 'R1:fr [sakkha] See Ff1::I'I'. out of the womb. Fl1f [s~kkha] See Ff1::I'I'. 2 See~. "k~hu s~str~ Having come of age, he got to know the s~kkha."-VN. 'devoid of weapons.' story of his father. He vowed to eliminate "ffl:r.I' [s~khy] Skt n friend, friendship, Haihayan and other demons from the face of the earth and get back his father's entire association. mrr [s~g] Skt adj li (along) or (going), a kingdom. Having acquired a fire-weapon companion. 2 P o-t n a dog. "s~g nanak cUban from rishi Aurav, he put to death all the mastana."-var mdla m 1. 3 also used for RoT Haihayans and seized the whole of his as in "paDi dekhI s~gahi."--var majh ill 1. kingdom. He was going to put an end to 'On seeing water, they hesitate to touch it.' Yavans, Kambojs, Parads, Pahlavs, but rishi ~ [sagaD] adj with CJI<Y. See CJI<Y. 2 a v~rDIk Vasishth advised him to spare them on the foot organised as liS. See OR! 7.3 See 1~. condition that Yavans would shave off their ~ [sagaDu] See~. 2 a letter written on entire head, while Saks would get half their the auspicious occasion of fixing the day for head shaved from the upper side, Parads wedding. "sag~Du lIkhIa dhur-hu aIa."-ram would wear long hair and Pahlavs would sport m 5 bJno. meaning 'the moment of death.' long beards. 'the correct word is "sadhuvela". Sagar contracted two marriages, one with
~ [s~xav~t]
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Sumati the daughter of Kashyap and the other purified the ashes of Sagar's sons and they with Keshini, daughter of king Vidarbh, but thus attained salvation.! Due to Sagar, Ganga they did not bear him any son. At this juncture, came to be known as Sagra and from he sought the help of rish i Aurav. He declared Bhagirath it derived another name i.e. that one of his wives would bear one son, but Bhagirathi. the other would have 60,000 sons. Keshini Iry. Harivansh is recorded another amazing begged to have one son, so she had one son story. It is written that Sagar's wife gave birth named Asamanjas and Sumati had 60,000 to a gourd, which contained 60,000 seeds. sons. Asamanjas was a wicked person. Sagar Sagar kept each seed separately in a vessel disowned him. The remaining sixty thousand filled with ghee and after a lapse of ten sons indulged so much in riot that the gods months all the seeds turned into sons and they began to run about. "lahI sagar bir, cIt hVE complained against them to rishi Kapil and Vishnu. Sagar performed the Ashvmedh adhir."-pnthu. ceremony. His sixty thousand sons were there ~ [sagarva] adj entire, all, whole. 2 with dignity. See ~. to protect the horse. Even then the horse was driven into the underworld by Indar. Sagar 'RCJ'RfT [sagra] Skt RHaJ adj entire, all, whole. asked his sons to find out the horse. They dug See 'R"d'l"fu. the earth till the underworld was in front of FralQTf8"lW [sagraIa] adj entire, total. 2 poisoned. 3 n related to Sagar, the sea. them. There they found the horse grazing and "pavak sagraI a."-suhi pd!tal m 5. 'is a sea god Kapil was sitting nearby absorbed in offire. ' meditation. Taking him as a thief, they tried to terrify Kapil. When he looked at Sagar's FIORft [sagri], 'Ri3Rt [sagre] adj entire, all, whole. sons in rage, his body emitted fire and all of "sagri SrISatI dIkhay ac;'ibhav."-c.Jpai. "sagre dhan SIU lage."-sor m 9. them were reduced to ashes. When the horse did not come back for a ~ [sagal] adj entire, all, total. "sagal nam nIdhan tIn pala,"-maru solhe m 5. 'They long time, Sagar sent Ansuman, his grandson, fully realised the Divine.' 2 A work, to search it out. He saw heaps of bones of his labour. 3 A ~ wicked, vile. paternal uncles lying close to Kapil. Grieved Ansuman requested Kapil somehow to send J1cIR? 'RJ;fcr [sdgdl sdmuh] all groups, entire classes. "sdgdl scnnuh IE udhre nanak."-dev them to heaven. Kapil assured him that they would be salvaged when his (Ansuman's) m5. ~ 1.RJ1'Q" [sdgdl pradh] FfaC')-JtRJTQ". "sagal grandson brought Ganga to earth. pradh dehI loroni."-bher m 5. Ansuman took the horse to Sagar and the ~ ~ [sagal bhdri] adj who protects; who ceremony was complete. That great pit which fosters, sustainer. 2 perfect. "un na kahu sdgal the sixty thousand sons of Sagar had dug was bhdri."-brla m 5.. named as Sagar, that is now known as the sea. Ansuman had a son named Dalip whose ~ [sdglaI).a] adj entire, all, whole. "sasar sdglaI).a."-sri m 5. 2 belonging to all. son was Bhagirath. Due to the noble deeds performed by Bhagirath, Ganga descended 'Putting ashes ofthe dead bodies into Ganga has its origin from the heaven and with its water, he got in this narration.
t.T'
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[sagva], ~1 [sagvi] part rather, m 1. moreover. "sagva bhi ap lakhahI."-Far bIla mit' [sago] part rather, instead. See~. 'R'Cii1ft [sdgoi] adj alongwith concealing. 2 'FJill 4. "chapap natE sagvi mallae."--var majh <fret concealed within itself. "baha!" jada rakkh ill 4. 2 Po similar, identical. sagoi."-BG 'Confine your desires within.' l1cIJT [saga] See ~. 2 Ff-~, ~ of the same sub-caste. 3 a companion, always accompany- 'flCit3t [sagoti], ~ [sagotr] of the same subing. "maya sagi na man saga, saga na yah caste and dynasty. ffilTo't [sagoni] adj having noble qualities; s~sar. parsuram ya jiv ko saga su snjanhar." 'R'afl'8l [sagai] n a relationship; engagement, excellent, superb. "asthu cit samadhI sagoni."-oJkar. betrothal. 'ffiI'ITtit [sagahi] doubtful. See 'ROT 3. FI<ih:ft [sag.:>ti] Pkt n meat, flesh. "rudhIr majjni by;3jni hE sag.:>ti." 'is carnivorous.' 2 cooked ~ [~agaf] P ..J~ n a crack, fissure, hole, vegetables; a relish added to food. orifice. ~ [sagarva] adj in a dignified manner, in ~ [sag.:>na] See 1J'1::RT ftf"Q". a respectable way. "manu tanu tamI sagarva R~ [saggaratta] very close and loving. ja dekha han nE!).e."-var kan 111 4. 'Only by Ffl.IlC [saghat] See Rufc. seeing Hari, I attain dignity in full'. FI1IfO [saghdn] adjdense, concentrated. See UfO. mJft [sagO feminine of l1cIJT. "ah;3budhI bahu sdghan maIa."-guj m 5. 'R"iJ1't6" [sagir] A ? adj small, le:s8, tiny. 2 accompanied by a musical instrument. "hE 2 inferior, mean. gE bahan sdghan ghan."-s kabir. See UfO. FI'qJe [sagu!).], FIqfO [sagun] adj endowed with 3 cloudy. qualities like education and art. 2 with a ~ [saghara!).], Ffl.1RJ7) [sagharan] v to string. 3 with a bow-string. 4 inhering instincts massacre; to annihilate. "asur saghara!). ram of purity, passion and wickedness. S See"FlCg(') hdmara."-maru soLhe 111 1. "Ik fdri pakan and ROJO. "sagun apsagun tIS kau lag-hI jIsu sdghare."-natam 4.2 to accumulate, collect. citI na ave."-asa ill 5. "aghae sukh saghare."-sar m 5 Fl'q!7) l'>f1.IRqJO [sdgun apsdgun] When these: two ~ [sdgharEl See l1'UfTOi'i. words come together, they stand for good 'fltl" [sac] Skt ~"'Cf, vr to wet; to serve; to omen. See FIqfO 5. understand fully; to be related in full. 2 adj ~ [~aguftdn], ~ [~agufta] Se:e 'fF.rq]'".G3"U who attends. 3 n truth. "sac bInu sakhi mula and fHi)j.ii';3('). na baki."-sava m 1. 4 The supreme being as J'IWlW [sagua] Pkt n a rope, a trouser-string. incarnation of truth. "sac ki ba!).i nanak 2 a cradle, crib. "sdgua kE yako pdhIcanakh."-tI1J'g m 1. 5 ecstasy. "tat-hI tdtu hu."-c'JrItr 228. mIlIa sac pava."-gau bavan kabir. 6 See and Rtr. 7 Dg n a sub-caste, dynasty. F.JWO [~agun] P l:J plural of F.ICJ?i (Hom). ~ [~agufa] P J n a bud. 2 a leaf-bud, ~ [sacau] See F!'tP". shoot. 'Rtf Wl:ft [sac sakhi] a true witness. 2 a true evidence. 3 a true story. ~ [sagur], ~ [sagurau], ~ [sagura], "FlC[;f [sagup] adj latent, hidden, secret. mrFtfuw [sac sohIla] a true song; a composition 2 close, intense, thick. "lal sagup."-prabha in praise of the Creator.
F P
mr
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Being, the Creator. "saca sevi sacu salahi." emancipation, salvation. 3 a sphere of -majh am 3. 4 a mould, pattern. "~dha saca eternity. ;:}dhi sat. "-gau m 1. 5 pure; pious. "saca cauka FItflffa [sackh~<;l.I] in the world of eternity. suratI ki kara."-maru solhe m 3. 6 Skt ~ "sackh;:}<;l.I vaSE nrr~karu."-japu. adv near, c1oseby, at hand. l1tJURI' [sacghar] the abode of the true guru. 2 a ~ [sacai] n truth, veracity. congregation, holy assembly. 3 state of Her ~ [saca satIgur] n Guru Nanak Dev. salvation. "saca satIgur S<lci ba!).i."-suhi ch;;Jt m 3. ffi11.IIf'ij' [sacgharI] in the congregation. Her'Ra'" [s<lca s<lb<ld] Guru's preaching, Guru's word. "sacgharI bESI rahe gu!). gae."-majh m 5. m:Jl.\@ [sacgharu] See 'Rtf URr. "sac gharu lehu ~ [s<lcava], 'Re"tt [s<lcavi] true, veritable. "ehu S<lcava saj."-s {arid. bataI."-prabha m 1. ReIA' [sacdan;)d] See H'ftl16. 'Rftr [saCI] See mft. 2 following the path of 'ffiJi") [sacan] Skt to help. 2 to be kind, merciful. truth. "S<lCI r<lh-hu s<lda s<lh<lju sukh upj." 3 Skt H't:Jljf(') to accumulate. "sadhu matI -ram a m 3. 3 to truth. "S<lCI mElu n<l lagE n;:}mrata sacan kau."-BGK 4 to lay bricks; to bhr<lm bh<lu bhagE."-brla thrti m 1. 4 of truth. "sacI kalu kur V<lrtIa."-var asa. construct. "nav kh~<;l. sacIo."-akal. Jmlita" [sacpir] the true spiritual perceptor; 5 through truth. "S<lCI S<lCU ja!).iE."-SavEye m Guru N anak Dev. 3 ke. ~ [S<lCIar] true, veritable, sincere. 'Rtf ~ [sac bhau] true love, eternal faith. "S<lCIar SIkh bEthe S<ltIgur pasI."-var gau 1 'Rtf rrft:R;r [sac mahIl] state of salvation. 2 a congregation. m4. ~ [s<lcIari] veritable ones (have). RtJHi') [sacman], FrtJ'HOT [sacmana] adj having "s<lcIari sacu s;:}cIa."-oakar. pure conscience. "mEl nahi sacmane."-dllana FJf;:r lftrfH [S<lCI s~j<lmI] within truth and eMt m 1. restraint. 2 due to truth and restraint. "saCI mnj"tr [sacmuc] adv in fact, indeed, really, s~j<lmI sada hE nrrm<ll."-suhi eh;;Jt m 3. actually. 'R'tfa" [sacar] adj Iiving and acting with full ~ [S<lCIV] Skt n a close associate, companion. 2 a minister. 3 adj a helper, awareness. 2 communication. "bhaI mIlE assistant, supporter. sacu saCE sacre."-gau a m 1. l1tft [s<lci] true. "saci ten kudratI s~ce patsah !" ~ [sacav] See ~. -var asa. 2 Skt F.rtfT n strength, might. m:r;p- [sacra] adj true, sincere. "gosai sevi 3 Indar's consort. "mano sfghas<ln bEthi S<lci saqa."-sri m 5 pEpaI. ~ [saqau] adj true, sincere. 2 durable. hE."-eac;fi 1. "jIu rag majith saqau."-var suhi m 3. mft ~ [s<lci t<lksal] a holy congregation or holy assembly. 2 See~. 3 ascending. mft er;ft [s<lci daril adj spotless beard meaning Her [saca] adj true, veritable. "saca satIguru unblotted or unblemished life. 2 a person sad jIsu ba!).i."-sor a m 3. 2 perpetually, constant. "saca tera amaru saca diba!).u."-var endowed with good conduct. "se daria s<lcia jI gurcarni lag~nI."-sava m 3. 3 See q 3. asa. 3 n incarnation of truth; the Supreme
11tJ1:lT [sackM<;l.] the eternal world. 2 a state of
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mft 7i'8' [saci nath] n Shachi's husband, Indar. mft 1./3" [saci pat], mft l..If:r [sacii patI] true honour, real veneration. "mane namu saci patI puja."-brla am 1. 2 Shachi's huslband Indar. "braham mahesur bIsanu saci patI at phase yamphasI parEge."-akal. 'IltfttIfaR<!:lfeRi'l [sacipatISaI).i-ISI).i] n army. -sanama. Shachi's husband Indar, his god Kashyap, his earth, the earth's king, his army. mft~ [saci pal] true shelter, veritable refuge. 2 provider of Shachi; her husband, Indar. mft '8"'il [saci baI).i] adj (writing) that reveals the truth. 2 truthful writing. 3 n Gurbani. "satIgur ke pIarIho ! gavhu sacibaI).i." -anadu. mft 8"3t [saci beriJ n Gursikhi. 2 teachings of Guru Nanak Dev. "nanak saci beri CarI jiu." -sri m 5 pEpar. HtffiJrR" [sacirasl, 1:TH::Ttllbe-rfift-iD- [sacirasI] n ett:rnal wealth; virtue. 2 the Creator's Name. Se{~ wtit
wfJ:r.
[sacul See FIB". n truth. "sacu tapar jaI:LiE ja rIdE saca hOI ."-var asa. 2 ecstasy. "sacu mIlE sacu upjE."-sri m 1. "jIh prasadr sam hoI." 'RtfT. -NP. 3 the Creator as the incarnation oftruth. RtJT If'3"f.I'TU [sacca pati?ahl n the Creator, the Supreme Being. 2 the true guru. "teg saco "adI sacu jugadI sacu."-japu. 4 adj pure, cleansed. "man majE sacu soi."-dhana chat deg saco surma saran saco, saco patsah guru m 1. 5 See Fftr. gobfd kahayo hE." ... ";,r patsahi sabh logan ~ [sacusaca] adj absolutely true, entirely ki patsahi, patsah6 par saci teri patsahi hE." true. "sacusaca harI rakhvale."-var gau 1 m -52 poets. [saccIda nad] Skt (iR;q"I'i~" none 4. 2 devoted to truth and supremely truthful. ~ "sacusaca satIguru amar hE."-var gau 1 m 4. who is the incarnation of truth. "sada wgtRJW [sacudharma] n a disciple of true saccIdanad satrO praI).asi."-japu. religion, Gursikh. 2 adjone who has imbibed 'R'tft ~ [sacci dari] See 'RtlT ~; 2 See ~ 3. the true religion. 'R'tft Htft [sacci majil See ~. mr fonrrit [sacu nIai] adjthe deliverer of true '1"ffi wft:n:.r cit 3 [sacce sahIb ki phate] Banda justice. "takhatI bahE sacunIai."-majh m 5. Bahadur had begun preaching 'sache Sahib 2 n the Creator; He, who delivers justice ki phate' in place of 'vahguru ji ki phate', without any prejudice. which many historians have mistakenly ml3" [sacet] Skt ~ adj conscious, alert. written as 'phate dari?an.' The edicts issued
mr
2 attentive. mlmJ [sacosac], 'R~ [sacosacu] adj nothing but the truth, absolute truth. "sacosac vakhaI).E kOI."-var ram 1 m 1. "othE saco hi sacu nIbrE."-Var asa. Fftr [sacc] truth, opposite of illusion. 2 rectitude. 3 WI" (true) -"if (and). 'l'fuo Htr [saccan sacc] See mJ ffif. 2 a Brahman resident of village Mandar (district Lahore, tehsil Sharakpur) who was a disciple of Guru Amar Das. He used to recite 'saccan sacc' all the time, so he himself came to be known as 'saccan sacc.' The Guru cured the insane queen of Raja of Haripur and married her to Sachan Sach. Throughout their life this couple preached Gurmat. Guru Amar Das bestowed upon him the status of a masand. Mistakenly Bhai Santokh Singh mentioned his village as Sekhopur. See ortl:r I l?f: 34. Descendents of Sachan Sach now live in Mandar. ffip' [sacca] adj truthful, one who has abandoned falsehood. 2 what happens daily. 3 pure, genuine, unadulterated. 4 n the Creator. 5 See
ere
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",.
from Baba Banda Bahadur's seat still employ the expression 'saeee sahI b ki phate.' Sacha sahib meant Guru Gobind Singh, whom he regarded as his task master and himself as his slave. ~ [saehilakl adj with a bark, with skin. See iifu.'5cr. RH [sajl n decor, decoration, make up. 2 Skt B'Nr adjwith a bow-string. 3 armed and ready for action. 'R'ffiIT [sajagl adj alert, attentive, clever, everready. ~ [sajaD], ~ [sajaDu] adorned. 2 adjrrqtlO gentle, noble. 3 blue-blooded, of noble descent. 4 n friend. "sajaDu satIguru purakh he."-sri m 4. FItIm:r [sajadhaj] decoration of a flag; honour, glory. 'Ri'JO [sajanl See FI"tRf and Ffi:ro. "sat sajan sukhI maDhI ralia."-suhi chat m 5. 2 a physician. "nanak rog gavaI mIlI satIguru sadhu sajna."-var gau 1 m 4. See E Surgeon. 'R"iii'iCft [sajnai], ~ [sajnail n goodness, kindness, welfare, friendliness. "dusat dut sajnai."-asa m 5. 'became friends.' m=ro't [sajni] n a female friend. 2 adj a virtuous (lady); respectable (woman). RHQ [sajanul See Ffi:ro. "sajanu sunda suhela sahIje."-sar m 5. "f.IffiJT [~ajraj A ~J a tree. 2 a genealogicaltree. Rim [sajall adj with water. 2 wet. "sajal nm earnan laptae."-GPs. 'RW [sajal P ly n punishment. 2 revenge, warning. 3 adj deserving. 4 See Jt:r". ~ [sajautl See ~. Fl'tf'fu [sajaI] See 'RtP" a punishment, penalty. "deD su mal sajaI."-var majh m 1. 2 adv well equipped, embellished. "sastra sajaI."-G V 1O. 'J1111'fo [sajatI] adj of the same caste. 2 of that
caste. [sajadpurj Shahzadpur a town of district Ambala. It was the capital of the sardars of Shahid mis!. See FJtflti" tT fi..rm? ~ [sajadal adj simple, unadorned. 2 n son ofBhai Mardana who after his father's demise continued to recite the hymns of Guru Nanak to the congregation. 3 P ~)j;'-~ a prince. 4 A ~)l? a carpet, upon which the Muslims perform their prayer. ~ [sajavatl n decor. 2 decoration. FfE"T~'ij" [sazavar] P .ij)'y adj capable, competent. 2 imbued with glory. ~ [sajiuj See ~. m:ito [sajin] adj with t:flo (saddle); saddled. "hay sajin ko lin hakare."-GPs. 'R"ffu?r [sajila] adj adorned. 2 handsome. ~ [sajiv] adj with a sou!. 2 alive. "R"fftrn [sajivnil See em and ~ ~. 'R'iI3" [sajut], "Fltf3T [sajutaj, ~ [sajutial Skt Rl:!f~ adj united, merged, imbued. "mohu maIa ve sabh kalkha, InI manmukhI mup sajutia."-suhi chat m 4. ~ [sajud] A );. the act of paying obeisance; a salutation. RHoft [sajogij See Rifaft. ffi:r [sajiJ SktB'Nr adj ready, ready with an arrow put on the bow string. 3 See RH. ~ [sajjaD] See FI"tRf. 'lliJd oar [sajjaD thagl a cheat, master impostor of village Tulamba or Tulambha (district Multan) who had constructed a temple and had devised several ways to fleece the travellers. Any body taken in by his trickery, was not only robbed but also killed. When Guru Nanak Dev reached his place, he tried to play the same trick with him as well, but he was so much impressed by the Guru's words that he himself became the disciple of Guru Nanak Dev. The Guru transformed him into
~
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disease: a noble person, included him in the company (1) use of iron oxide (ku$ta blad) or iron of his devout Sikhs and appointed him a in any other form. preacher. See ~. (2) kU$ta blad abi, taba$ir, seeds of RRO [sdjj;m] See "Rtl'"<Y. cardamum, sdt-gIlo and mI$ri one tola each RtRJT [sdjjra] Skt HeJI'3'Q adj absolutely fresh. pulverised together and divided into fifty 1f;:rr [sdjja] Sktw<Tright; south. n (it also means) .parts, one part to be taken in the morning with left. 3 Skt mv:rr n bed, bedding. diluted semi-churned curd. Fffi:r [SdjjI] See Fftft. (3) use ofthe ash of iron-drops with mi lk Rift [sdjji] feminine form of a FfRr. 2 Skt ~ n a type of alkali prepared from the ash of a or semi-churned curd. bushy weed. It is used for washing clothes. (4) use of substances which expel prickly heat from the liver. 3 Skt ~ adjwearing a coat of mail. 4l'l't1Jit. (5) eight masas OfllIsoth cural) mixed with with a bow-string drawn. sixteen masas of mI$ri to be taken daily in Ff'/PO [sdj1an] Skt HdTJfroknowing. 2 an introduction, acquaintance. the morning with water. ~ [sdj1apcll)], "J'WT1-fi') [saj1apan] Ski B-~ (6) decoction of f:,reen gIlo mixed with honey to be taken. n the act of making one realise. (7) the patient of anaemia should consume FIC [sdt] See FfCOT, J1Z" and Ffc. 2 Skt '8"c, vr part to be a part of; to make. old oats, wheat, rice, green, lentils, fruit, sour ~ [sdtdkna] Pkt v to slip away, run away. butter milk, semi churned curd and butter etc. to be taken. "dn y5 sdtke mng ke gan jayo."-krrsan. "manu sur cdc;lhyo uc;lu se satke."-c~rItr 1. H2cNI(,)I [satkarna] v to sweep the mane; to 2 to disappear. dust hair falling at the neck; to perform the 'RCW [sdtka] Skt CfiTJ'I('ff ~IY anaemia. H is a winnowing act. "beni sarpanI si satkari." disease of the anemic type. It is caused when -GPs. liver stops functioning. 'HC(')T [satna] Pkt v to stick. 2 to throw. "kuhdthi Eating of alkaline, sour, hot and dirty jaisatIa."-var asa. rotten things, excessive use of alcoholic FIClfC [satpdt] part immediately, at once. intoxicants, obsessive indulgence in sex, "sdtPdt bEthat."-NP. ::r.6(:;n'1 tT ~ 2. anxiety and fear, obstruction in defecation, FICl./CT [satpata] See ':Tclr.:,fd""a[*lfo urination or sleep and eating of clay are some H2tf2T()T [satpatana] v to be over-whelmed with causes ofthis disease. surprise; suddenly. to buzz off. Symptoms of anaemia are indigestion, 'fT2tITOT [satpana] v to throw. "maha kasab churi satpai."-ram ill 5. increase in heart-palpitation, body turning pale like that ofa frog, decrease in the redness ~ [satalli] adjwho boasts; who indulges in of blood and nails, and the skin getting dry, exaggeration. See vr FIC. constant fatigue, loss of hunger, dyspepsia, J1Z" [sata] an exchange. See Ffcr. "mE tau molI having eructation, swelling of limbs, feeling mahIgi lai jia sdtE."-dl1ana ravrdas. 2 Skt n of giddiness, getting sullen in the face etc. the mane. 3 a tuft of hair at the tail. "uddhIt The following are the cures for this sataya utE SIgh dhayo."-c."ic;li 2. 4 matted hair.
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FJCTRc [s<ltas<ltt], HZTtfe [S<ltap<ltt] part

immediately, at once. See 'RClIC. FfC1(? [S<ltal] Skt a lion with the mane; a lion with a rich growth of hair on the neck. Ftfcur30r [S<ltI gh<ltna] See "J1"Cl.fT75T to throw. "tInh q<lru S<ltIgh<ltIa."-var sor m 4. Flit [s<lti] See FJCOT adj stuck. 2 thrown. 'fI'ilcf [s<ltik] accompanied by an annotation, an annotated edition. FIbr [s<ltom] See l?iOTfo ~H. 'RZaT [s<ltori] a walking stick. "thul pag SIr hath s<ltori."-GPS. He [S<ltt] Skt ~c,c VI' to inhabit, live, kill, torture, get fat, donate. 2 n a blow, stroke. Her [s<ltta] Pkt n exchange. 2 speculation, forward trade. 3 an agreement. 110 [s<lth] ~ VI' to cheat, kill, torture, go, observe long silence, utter unpleasant words. 2 adj a liar. 3 a knave. 4 a stupid person. See E sot. "guru sag<ltI te s<lth m<ltIvan."-GPs. 5 mischievous. 6 n fertuosa. 7 iron. 8 See 'FIfo. 9 in poetics a type of hero. "mukh mithi bate bhE, nIp<lt bp<lt jIy jan. jiihInd q<lr <lpradh ko s<lth k<lr tiilu b<lkhan."-rClsIkprrya. FIQ3T [s<lthta] Skt ~1Ocn n folly, stupidity. 2 mischief. 3 lasciviousness. FIfo [S<lthI] Skt adj sixty. "<lths<lth tir<lth j<lhI sadhu p<lg dh<lrhI."-ram m 5. See E sixty. ~ [s<lthIala] a village of tehsil and district Amritsar. Two sacred places are situated here relating to the visits of Guru Hargobind and Guru Teg Bahadur. Rfo ff1l3" [S<lthI sab<lt] Skt lSlfiSC::f1'C!C'(f1 'Z n In astronomy, a period of sixty years. These belong to three deities with a reign of twenty years for each ofthem in chronological order. They keep repeating. "tere S<lthI sab<lt S<lbh tirtha."-bClst m 1. '0 God! all the sixty sambats belong to you (they belong to no other
'I'IfiJ
deity) and all the places of pilgrimage belong to you'. m5~ [s<lthor] adj wicked, knavish. 2 ~-~~ miserly. "jIU m<ldhu makhi tIU s<lthor r<lS jon jon dh<ln kia."-sor kClbir. Hal [s<ltthi] ~ a type of paddy (ricc) which ripens in sixty days. Its husk is black and the rice is red. Its water cures dysentery. See '8'<l'S. Fm" [S<lq], ~ [S<lqu] S n a word sound. 2 a call for help, scream; a cry. "gar nImal.).I S<lq, k<lre."-s fClrid. ~ [s<lqor<lq,] See ~. 'RW1? [s<lq,hal], ~ [s<lq,hd] adj 11 (with) ~ (shield); holding a shield; (one) having a sword and a shield. 2 n a soldier equipped with sword and shield. Riw [s<lq,h:>ra] a village oftehsil Naraingarh, district Ambala. It was once the main town of the twenty eight parganas of suba Sirhind. Sain Budhu Shah, a resident of this town had helped the tenth Guru in the battle of Bhangani. See'iflJ BTU. During his invasion of Sadhaura in 1710 AD Baba Banda Bahadur inflicted heavy punishment upon the tyrants who had tormented Pir Budhu Shah. FI'a" [sal.).] Skt ~~,part with, along, alongwith. 2 Skt wrr n jute, from which ropes are made. L Crotolaria Juncea. It is an autumnal crop. After cutting, the plants are buried in water, ti II the peel comes off from the reed. FI'a"1:f3T [s<ll.).<lkhta], J0:I3t [s<ll.).<lkhti] Skt ~ n a daughter-in-law. "rna dadi p<lrdadi6 phupphi bhEl.).a dhi s<ll.).<lkhta."-BG 2 adj having good stars; fortunate, lucky. "sahUrrE gh<lr maniE S<ll.).<lkhti p<lnvar s<ldhari."-BG [S<ll.).I] See FI'a" and ~. 2 alongwith. "j<ll.).i l<lkhavhu asat papi s<ll.).I."-asa rClVIdas. 'Do not spend the days of your life in the company of an unsaintly sinner.'
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[sa1).u] part with, alongwith. See m. "qube sa1).u parIvari."-guj a m 4. "so SaJ:;lU tUjhE anIt."-sri m 5. R3'" [sat] Skt 'ffil n truth. 2 fidelity to one's husband. "bInu sat sati hOI kEse nar:c."-gau kabir. 3 God, the Creator. 4 respect, honour. 5 instinct for purity. "raj tam sat kaI teri chaIa."-maru solhe m 1. 6 adj good, gentle, noble. 7 adorable. 8 admirable, honourable. 9 obvious, apparent. 10 Skt ~ n an era of truth, Satjug. 11 an oath, pledge. 12 a principle; intent, purport. 13 the region (10k) above that of religious austerity; brahmlok. 14 Skt ~ breath. "c~d sat bhedIa, nad sat pUrIa, sur sat khorsa datu kia."-maru jEdev. 'inhaled through the lunar nerve, made the breath stand sti II through o~nad (sound), exhaled it through the solar nerve, that is, performed purak, kumbhak and recak.' 15 soul. 16 mind. 17 vigour. 18 essence. 19 nature. 20 age. 21 wealth. 22 zeal. 23 patience. 24 life. 25 religion. 26 charity. "sati pap karI sat kamahI."-var ram 1 m 1. 27 Skt ~ seven. "p~dr-hI tlntl tE sat var."-bIla m 3 var 7.28 Sktw one hundred. "re jIhva karau sat kh~q. jamI na ucar-hI sri gobfd."-bhET namdev. 29 In Nighunt ~at means 'endless' as FRTFI stands for innumerable. 30 sat is also used as short form for Satluj as in "sat sabdadI bakhankE israftra kahI ~t."-sanama. 'Shatdrav's lord is Varun and his weapon is the noose.' 31 a scribe has written sat in place of sut as "'sabh samudr ke nam IE ~t ~abad sat dehu."-95. In fact, the moon is the son of the ocean. In the same way "prItham pav;m ke nam IE sat pad bahur bakhan." Bhimsen is the son of the wind god. 32 for arriving at a definite conclusion. See Rf3', Ro, R3Jf and Rlf3. lEE' [satae], 'Fi3'F [satae] adj seventh. 2 adv
~
with the seventh. "satae lakhI raghupatI kapIdal adhIpatI subhat vIkat matI yut
bhrat~."-ramav.
[satsaIa], ~ [satsai] Skt ~ n a literary composition of seven hundred couplets: A narration ofDurga in seven hundred couplets from Markanday Puran, whose translation is to be found in Chandi Chritr and Chandi di Var. 1 "hom karE jap au satsau re."-krIsan. "gr;,}th satsaIa ko karyo."-cJc;li 1. "satsE ki katha Ih puri bhai hE."-c5c;li 1. See ~ Ji1..I'3R3t and ~. ~ [satsaiii] seven wives of the seven rishis. See FI1-I3" fucft. 2 seven (female) friends. R3'" ~ ~ 'tf'Q [sat satai caudahI car]ratanmala bano. seven rishis, twenty seven planets, fourteen branches of knowledge, four objectives (righteousness, firiance, sex, salvation). 'R3RlifT [satsaya], F!3R!1it [satsayi] See "Fl'3'FI'Et. FI'3'FRI' [satsar] n a holy tank; a congregation, holy assembly. 2 the true spiritual guide. 3 seven holy tanks in the form of truth, contentment, compassion, righteousness, patience, renunciation and knowledge. 4 Sri Amritsar. FI3Fl"fu [satsarI] n the congregation as a stream. 2 adv in the stream of the congregation, "gurmatI satsarI hafIjalI naIa."-asa m 3. 3 in the tank of truth. R3'" wfua' [sat sahI b] an expression of greeting sadhus of Garibdas sect exchanged on meeting one another. H3R'fclS1nr [satsahIbia] See dldlSiH. 'H"3'H't [satsi] Skt ~ adj seven (times) furrowed; that has been ploughed seven times. "anaj magau satsi ka."-dhana dhJna. R3'" ~ [sat siva] n seven boundaries, seven stages of knowledge. See ~.
lIt is available in Markanday Puran on pages 81-94.
~ [satsau],'~
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the bank of river Seas. [sat bram] B"0fi1:f"f, n noble deeds. 2 adjvirtuous. F/3C{I'ij' [satkar] Skt WCflll: n respect, reverence. "dVf lokan satkar."-NP 113F!<ft. ~ [satkratu], ~ [satkrrtu] Skt~n R3lfar [sats;')g] Skt~ n a congregation, holy a performer of one hundred rituals (yags); assembly. 2 See FJTI:rFfoT. Indar. it is mentioned in the Purans that one 113" Fforf3' [sat s;')gatr] n the company of saints; achieves the status of Indar after performing the company of good men. 2 an assembly of one hundred ashvmedh yags. "srv dham virtuous persons. "sats;')gatr krsi jal).if? jrthf satkrrtu jat bhae."-rudr. eko nam vakhal).ir."-sri m 1 jogiJdarI. 3 See Fr3'iI'J'THfo [satgamanr] n a river having one Rf'31:forf3'. hundred streams; Shatdrav river; Satluj. 'R'e" FfCIT3T [sat s;')gti] See R"3"F\'orf3'. 2 adj who --sanama. See~. participates in a holy congregation. 3 in a holy ~ [satgamanr-i:;;] the master of congregation, in a holy assembly. "sats;')gti Satluj-Varun.-sanama. sada mrlr rahe."-sri m 3. ~ [satgur] Skt ~ n Guru Nanak Dev. 'R3'Fi'OJT [sat s;')ga] adjwhose company is noble. 2 a guru who delivers excellent spiritual "maha sarthi sats;')ga."-maru solhe m 5. message. 'R'3Ffoit [sats;')gi] Skt f1\f1:s~fT1'\(one) who remains ~ [satgurae] Skt~(the fourth inflexion) to Satguru, to God. in the company of virtuous persons. R3Fii:r [sats;')dh] a true promise. See R3Jf Hrr. ~ ~ [satgur parsad] with the grace of "sats;')dh sada satbEl). kahE."-NP God. FBfijor [satsrfg] Skt ~ n a mountain of "R"3'QJ'a' 'l..fdFITfu [satgur parsadr], ~ ~ the Himalayan range, that is situated at a [satgur prasadr] with the grace of God. See distance of six kos from Gandhmaddan. See Rf3qro~. ~ [satguru] See ~. FllBfFfor. ~ [satah] A surface. 2 level. 3 roof. R3UfO't [satghani] See ~. ~ [satak] Skt'F.f3'6f n a century. 2 F.lfuor adj of Ff3UI'QT [satghara] a town of tehsil Ukara, or relating to one hundred. 3 n any text district Montgomary. There is a gurdwara of containing one hundred stanzas. Guru Nanak Dev, where the Guru recited H30(a~Nili! [satkartarie] adj who worship the "sah;')sar dan de fdr ruara." relating to the Creator in the form of truth. 2 n a Sangatia money-lender's vocation. The gurdwara is ill Sodhi of Lahore, who in Sammat 1650 non-descript state. There is no estate or land attached to it. It is located at a distance of became a disciple of Guru Arjan Dev. He was about five miles to the west of Rinala Khurd in the habit of saying 'Satkartar' all the time. His disciple Sangat Das was a highly spiritual railway station. person, and a votary ofNam. The followers ~ [:;;atghni] Skt n a type of spear having of his sect came to be known as satkartarias. one hundred barbs. 2 There is a mention in Their head-quarters are at Hargobindpur on the Mahabharat that it was made by fixing
113" CfOH
[sat suhagl).a] See 113" FrelfT. 2 an assembly, on the auspicious occasion of the marriage of seven such women, whose husbands are alive. 113" Ft [sat Sf], 113" Ft oft -aBT [sat Sf ki btha] See
113" lJ~
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one hundred nails to a heavy stone. When range of Tibet. 2 people living in the thrown at the enemy, it strikes like a cannon mountains of Tibet, the Tibetans. ball. 3 In Valmik's Ramayan, it is a type of a "satdravadn atI dnr pag rope."-carItr 52. club. Seec;fur~, Chapter 60.4 Modern poets ~ [satdraJ Skt ~ n a river flowing in the take it to mean a cannon, but it is just their form of one hundred streams. Satluj. See fancy. ~~. Fr3iJ0I' [satjug] Skt ~OI' n one of the four ~T [satdhanva] nm~n a Yadav bearing eras in which truth is supreme. See qar. one hundred bows. He was the son of Hridak. He killed Satraj it the father-in-law ofKrishan. 'R'3"3' [satat] Skt adv perpetually, always. 2 continuously, constantly, at the same pitch. Hence Krishan chopped off his head with a circular boomerang. See 'H'3"lf'(')T and t::l7iFf3'. ~ [sattatar] seventy-seven. R3t!1O [satdan] n H,r~O(i:'I(') a righteous donation. This tale is narrated in the 57 th chapter of 10th 2 a donation from one's honest earning. 3 a divison of the Bhagwat. donation of spiritual knowledge. FI"3"tl'QH [satdharamJ n a noble religion, 113tfu.r [satdep] See ~. Sikhism. 2 adjrighteous deeds which should be performed. ~ [satdrav] n a river having one hundred streams; Satluj. There is a story in the Puranic FSt:(T [satdha] Skt ''ffilUT adj in a hundred ways. lore that once in grief suffered on account of. 2 in a hundred parts. "dudha karkE satdha his sons, rishi Vasishath tried to drown hiinself karqari." -krIsan. in the river. The river divided its flow into FI'3'Q'TaT [satdharaJ n ~. 2 seven ranges of one hundred streams and saved the rishi from mountains. See ~. drowning. This river has its origin in Ravanrad F!3tfoT [satdh5naJ See ~T. "satdh5na bhi lake situated close to the famous Mansarovar s5g ca1ayo."-krIscm. lake in Tibet. From there it flows to places 'R'3'O [satanJ See J;fo and ~. like Kulu, Mandi, Bilaspur, Anandpur, Ropar 'R'3"i")'Tff [satna j], Ff37)T'tF [satna ja J n a combination of seven cereals; a mixture of and Ferozepur, covering a distance of 900 miles. It has a confluence with the river Indus seven varieties of grains: rice, moongi, wheat, malkangni (seeds oLcelastrus paniculata), in Muzaffarpur district. "netr tOg ke caran tar sesame seeds, oats, grams. According to rishi satdrav til' tar5g."-ramav. Katyayan the mixture consists of rice, moongi, Satluj was the border between the British manh, wheat, mustard, sesame seeds and oats. empire and Maharaja Ranjit Singh's kingdom. In the year 1882 under the To assuage the influence of certains planets its offering is favoured. "tel mah satnaj Jurisdiction of Lord Rippon a big canal was m5gaI."-GPs. dug out of this river at Ropar. This canal irrigates the Malva region. It cost the British 'R'3O'lf [satnamJ See Rf3orH. government rupees one crore and seventy lacs 'H3'i')1}ft [satnamiJ adjwho worships satyanam. 2 n a sect of Hinduism, which, fed up with and the Sikh states, rupees one crare and the tyranny of Aurangzeb, revolted against twenty nine lacs. the Mughal empire under the leadership of ~~ [satdravadnJ n the mountain fram Jagjivan Das. The Satnamis captured Narnaul which Satluj originates i.e. the mountain
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R3i!HN!9
(which is now a nizamat of Patiala state and jalebi, barfi, balw;;ahi, matthi, nugdi and is located at a distance of 75 miles to the ~akarpara. "sat pakvani an ahare."-GPs. south-west of Delhi) and defeated the royal R3tI3" [satpat] adj harsh. "karak sabad satpat army. On 15'h of March 1672, Raad Andaz katu kam hE."-BGK. 'A harsh word produces Khan a general of Aurangzeb defeated the pain, and all bitternesses are far less hurtful.' Satnamis. There was a belief current among ~ [satpatr] Skt ~ n a lotus, which has the people that the Satnamis had magical one hundred petals. "nahI tatr thali satpatr powers and none could defeat them. rahe."-ramav. 2 ~ is also a Sanskrit word for lotus, which means something with elegant Aurangzeb wrote verses of Quran to be tied petals. on the flag so that magical powers of the Satnamis could not have their effect. F.J31.fa" [~atpath] Skt a brahman scripture of Jagjivan Das son of Ganga Ram was a Yajurved showing one hundred of ways. Chandel Rajput. He was born in village 'J'E1.re' [~atpad] Skt a centipede. 2 a hundred footsteps. Sardha of Barabanki district. He was a disciple of Baba Lal (a well-known saint lEY~ [satputr] adj a noble son. "apjasa mItat during the reign of Jahangir and a resident of satputrah."-gatha. C.P.) His literary works - Aghvinash, lEY\Jl:f [satpurakh], ~ [satpurakhu] Skt Gyanprakash etc. correspond with the ~ adj a truthful person. "dhanu dhanu satpurakhu satIguru hamara."-var vacj m 4. philosophy ofthe Vedas. The Satnamis ofthis 2 n an incarnation of truth and perfection; sect are also known as Munda or The the eternal Being. Mundapanthi. Along with their head and lEY~ [satpuria] seven pious cities of the beard, they shave off eye-brows too. Hindus namely Ayodhya, Mathura, Maya 3 a religious sect founded by Ghasi Das. (Haridwar), Kashi, Kanchi (Conjeeveram), In 1835AD, Ghasi Das was born in a cobbler's Avantika (Ujjayni), Dvaravati. 1 See o(~M'Arc:. family in village Bhandara of C.P. He declared himself a messenger of God and 'A3" tl;:r i'iit [sat paj nau] See Lh=r 'A3" ~. preached that the recitation of Satnam is 'A3" l;{~ [sat pravahnm], 'A3" ~ [sat pravahni] n a river having one hundred better than worship, pi 19rimage and streams; Satluj; the land by Satluj.-sanama. performance ofyags. His son Balak Das also preached Satnam like his father and numerous 'R'3"atfO [satbacan] adj a truthful utterance. 2 part alright! yes sir! word of address. cobblers became his disciples, who are known as the Satnamis. They greet each other with f138iJ(')lnrr [satbacnia] adj who agrees with everything you say; agreeable, sycophantic, Satnam whenever they meet and also recite credulous. the same word with a rosary. Their scripture "Nirvan" is in the possession of the Satnamis ~ [satbrat] Skt~ adj truthful, righteous. of Farrukhabad. They abstain from all types "satI sarup sadEV satbrat."-33 sclVE'Ye. of intoxicants. f13i!ld i ij [satbharai] wife of Mehma, a jat of Khehra sub-caste, an ardent devotee of Guru 1'13" ~ [sat pakvani] n seven types of cooked food; seven types of sweetmeats '3Tl1t1JlT liTJ mm 'f>1!ift ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ cooked in clarified butter (ghee) i.e., laqqu, ~ -.n~~: I l-trratll parrjat.
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Nanak Dev, who served Guru Angad D(~v as them on his head . "jIh kud kIIE' satmJr well. Per the Guru's direction, she daily maryo."-krIscm. See~. cooked an unsalted and unleavened chapati R3lfg [satmanu] Skt ~ n performer of weighing four ounces for Guru Angad Dev. one hundred yags, Indar. See~. "satmanu This was the only food he took for twenty aVIlokyo jdb-hi."-NP. 2 adj choleric, four hours. Some scribes have named her as wrathful. 3 n an owl. Sabharai while the others have put her name ll3Q [satar] A line. 2 a written line. as Virai. 3 Skt~. seventy. 4 A .7 a curtain, See Skt ~ [satbhau], ~ [satbhaI] Skt ~ n ~. 5 adj private; concealed, secret. See F!"3'fu. a good intention. "kararn dharam s;~jam 6 Skt "I:1W superb, excellent. satbhau."-asa m 1. "matI satbhaI bhagatI H3"ij" fu [satar dOI] See H3fdfe. gob:rd."-prabha m 1. 2 recognition, existence. R3QTi'iT [satrana] v to fear, be frightened. 2 to "sevdk k satbhaI."--sri m 5. 3 full belief, be impatient, be agitated. 3 to be in a hurry. factual truth. "dgode satbhau na dICE., pIchode H3fu [satdn] Skt R1;ffu" seventy. 2 See "H"3'Q 5. akhIa kamI na aVE."-var gau 1m 4. "satan kaba ghat hi bhitan."-asa kabir. ~ [satbhaman], ~ [satbhama] H3fu Hfu [satan SEI] seventy hundred. "satan m<T'l1f11T daughter of Strajit and consort of SEI sdlar hE jake."-bher kabir. Seventy Krishan upon whose bidding he brought thousand means numerous. In Islamic Parijat from heaven. "satbhaman ko kabI literature, it is also mentioned that God sends angels as warriors to assist his prophets. See syam bhanE jIh ko sab logan me jas chayo." -krIs;:m. "ghansyam sath satbhama, tIm ~ 1..RJT 4, '[03" :I?fTC? f?rfOT?) 3, ~ 13. See mIli rahIt sukhdhama."-GPs. FffilQ. ~ [satbhIkhIa] n truthful alms, perfect H3fdfe [satandoI] Skt ~ seventy two. alms; alms free from immoral desires such as "satarI dOI bhare amrIt sarI."-dhana obduracy, greed, hypocrisy, etc. "chadan namdev. Seventy two main nerves recognised by the yogis through which the nam ras flows; bhojan na IEhi satbhIkhIa."-var guj 1m3. the entire body. 'R3" ~ [sat bhumIka] See ~. H"3lf [satam] Skt ~ adj superb, excellent. ~ [sarupa] Skt ~ one who has innu"sadhu sdtam jar;to."-gatha. merable forms, such as self-generated wife ffi3}{1:f [satmakh] a performer of one hundred of Manu. According to the Purans, Brahma yags; Indar. See~. divided his body into two parts. From one part he created Manu and from the other ~ [~atmanyu] See ROHg. Jl3lf'W [satmasa], FJ3}fT"ijT [satmaha] adj & n Shatrupa. This couple then created the entire world. "purab bIdhI te manu satrupa. nar born after seven months of pregnancy. 2 work to be completed in seven months. tIy upje gur;tan anupa."-NP See HQ. H3d(Jfe [satrohar;tI] See ~ ~. FI3ljlf [satmukh], "R3'ljCit [satmukhi] See F.l~. 2 adv in numerous ways. ~ [~atrajlA nF.l3"(sea)tr(deliberation) "A"3lf"Q [satmJr] Skt "F.l"3lfm- n Bhaumasur the a game that is played with lot of deliberation. It is a world famous game. Some scholars are wearer of numerous crowns; one who had of the view that the word originates in 'F.l'"F.Rfor, snatched crowns of numerous kings and put
rna
& r
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meaning six colours. So six types of men are mWw [sdtvaja] fifty-seven. there in chess (king, queen, bishop, knight, "R3"i3" [sdtvat], ~ [sdtvata] adj celibate. castle (rook) and pawn and the board has 64 2 truthful, righteous. boxes. On each side there are sixteen pieces. H3'if3 i Hi;j1 [sdtvatasara] adj who observes When the king reaches a stage where its celibacy, a celibate. "sdbh fdri VdSI kdrdItio movement is completely blocked, the game sdtvatasara."-var maru 2 m 5. comes to end. "sdtraj baji PdkE nahi kdci aVE fI3T [sdta] See Fl"3"J and lfuT. sari."-asa m J. See ifoft ~. ~ [sdtaUl).a] v to make angry. 2 to irritate, harass. 3 to torment, torture. "jia jatu na ~ [$dtraji] P .f n a carpet with boxes of chess shown on it. 2 These days th ick floor satavdU go."-ram namdev. coverings are also called $dtraji. "jajdm dru 'R'3'1'Et [sdtai], "H3"1ElFr [sdtais] twenty-seven. sdtraji sag."-GPs. 'R3"'tb=r ~ [satais lldk$atr] See ~. Fi3"11lt [sdtasi] eighty-seven. lE1?tf [sdtldj] See ~. R3Wit [sdtlal).i] a village situated at a distance fI'3'T(JJ'l? [sdtagdl] Skt 1Wl'lr-31I:S~(1~ICfl n a print of of 12 kos to the east ofLahore. The sixth Guru the hand upon a promissory note. See tfw 5. visited this place. A devotee ofthe tenth Guru, "SdC IdhIl).a kur devl).a, khdt sdtagdl lIkh Bhai Bulaka Singh, was the first head priest devaya."-BG of this gurdwara. Thereafter under the Ff3T<IlTfJ..rol [sdtagamIni] ~ -scmama. See guidance of his son Bhai Basti Ram, a number "H'3OJTHfo and ~. 'J1"3T [sdtal).], ~ [sdtal).a], 'JBlC:1 [sdtal).i] adj ofSinghs served here. From amongst the head priests, Bhai Kuma Singh was a pious man strong, powerful. 2 30 (cr'lJ vr means to expand, trust, protect etc. Hence ~ means known for his noble deeds, who introduced protective, trustworthy, commendable. "sat great activity as well as prosperity in to this hamari ot sdtal).i."-sor m 5. "SdC kat sdtal).i place. Bhai Vir Singh, popularly known as nivdE."-var ram 3. 3 P fH3T It means 'place' Nihang Singh and Dillitor Singh, was held in as well. "margdstal).i cItI dhdr."-s farid. high esteem by the people of Majha and the governor of Punjab. Thereafter during the 'Remember the cremation ground.' headship ofKirpa Singh, there was a change ~ [sataddh] P ~)I? adj short form of in tradition and he had to quit the headship. ~ . standing, erect. Now a committee manages its affairs. The FI3"O [sdtan] See B3r0. 2 P tJl? place. railway station is known as Gurusar Satlani. ~ [sdtanva] adj seventy-ninth. See ~
See~FRr~.
~.
[SdtlUj] See ~. ~ [SdtdV) Skt ~ n praise, appreciation, honour. ~ [sdtvdn] Skt ~ n appreciation, commendation. f.l3oe i ij(') [$dtvahdn] See HifMa1ij(,). ~ [sdtvadi] Skt 'S\'lF'1If(l'\ adj truthful. ~ [sdtvara], ~ [satvara] n a week.
[satanve] ninety-seven. 2 in the 9Th year. See ~ ~. FlOW [satana] See~. "jdb to ko dIj ! ka1 SdtE hE."-carItr 266. ~ [satanad] Skt ~ adj who provides bliss to innumerable persons. 2 n son of Gautam through Ahalya who was the family priest of Raja Janak. 3 Brahma. 4 Vishnu.
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-sukhmcmi. 5 Krishan. 6 a chariot of Vishnu. 'Rf3J:far [sat I sag] See Fl"3F\'ar. [satab] See f1Era". 'R'fu1:farf'3' [sat I saga t I] See Fr31'farf'3'. " s 0 ~ [s<ltabad] Skt ~~ adj century. one satISag<ltI janIye jaha vIvek VIcar." hundred years. -gurusobha. 2 See wr:r HoT. "R3TQ [satar] See~. 2A.lv adjwho shields; who saves from exposure. "sIphat kahar 'R'f3J:fq [S<ltISadh] See R"3JlFhr. satar he sahIb kidohi."-GPS. 3 Skt ~ 'Rfu' JIt ~ [satI sri akal] sen It is a religious salutation of the Sikhs. It means truthful and having one hundred teeth, sud<lr:;ian eakr. 4 thunderbolt, Indar's mallet. eternal is the Lord. These auspicious words 'fI3TijT [S<ltara] See f1:f3ra'r. are uttered at the beginning of all functions, ~ [s<ltara] seventeen. especially towards the end of the ~ ~ [satara devta] See ~ ~. congregation, at the time of a march and also ~ [satavan] fifty seven. 2 v to torment, while beheading an animal with one stroke. torture. "moko kaha satavhu bar bar? "-bas5t Some people greet each other with this kabir. salutation, whenever they meet but it is not 'Rfu' [satI] n at some place in Gurbani ( f ) proper to use Sat Sri Akal in place ofVahguru has been used in place of '{jf as., for example, ji ki fatah. Rfu is written in place of H3'Jr. See 113" and FI'faq [s<ltIk] See ~ 2-3. 'R'"3Jf. the incarnation of truth; God. "S<ltI 'Rfu' ~ [satI kartar] One who is, was and namu karta purakhu."-japu. 2 truth. "'apI will be omnipresent; the Creator. S<ltI kia sabh satI."~sukhm;mi.3 faith. "tISU Hf3'afo [satIkarI] advwith due deference, out gur ko chadan bhojan pat pat5bar bahu of devotion. "tISU gur k<lu chadan bhojan pat bIdhI satI kan mukhI sac-hu."-mala m 4. patabar bahu bIdhI satI kan mukhI sac4 adj superb. "dur kare satI bed rag sanIpat hu."-mala m 4. kO."-krISal'. 5 n power, authority. ~ [satIgur] See~. 2 n Guru Nanak "gurumatI satI kar eacal aeal bhae."-BGK. Dev. "satIgur bajh-hu guru nahi koi, nIgure 6 real knowledge, awareness of reality. "na ka he nau bura."-asa pati m 3. satI muc;l muc;lai kesi, na sat I papa des Hf::SQjde [satIgur<le] See ~ E. "satIgurae plur-Iu."-var ram 1 m 1, 7 part real, namah." -sukhmani. accurate, befitting. "jo kIChu kare satI kan ~ mJHTfu' [satIgur p<lrSadI], Hf'::sqJo ~ manhu."-sar m 4. [satIgur pr<lSadI] advwith the grace ofGuru 'Rftp,rr [satIa] n power, authority. 2 adj true. Nanak Dev. "satIgur p<lrSadI parampadu 'Rfu' >wfe' [satI adI] sen a virtue such as truth. paIa."-SavE:ye ill 4 ke. 2 adj true, spiritual and merciful preceptor.-praSadI11. "satI adI bhav rata."-guj jE:dev, m m:re- [satI sabad] n the initiatory mantar Hf3Qjfa [S<ltIgun] true spiritual guide. "satIgurI saeu drIraIa."-var sri m 3. from a spiritual preceptor. "satI sabad de mukat karaya."-BG 2 true advice from a ~ [satIguru] See~. "jIsu mIln: manI spiritual mentor. 3 adj true dictum. hOI an<'ld so satIguru kahit:."-gcw m 4. 'Rfu' ~ [satI sarup] n incarnation of truth "nan<lk satIguru esa jal)ie so sabhse lae mIlaI God. "satI sarupu rIde jInI manIa." jiu."-sri m 1, jogi5daTI.
'R3'1Cr
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HO" [satrguru sat] n a guru embodying tranquility; Guru Nanak Dev. 2 a true disciple of Guru Nanak Dev. "satrguru sat mrlE satr paiE."-sara m 4. Rfuirrg y~ [satrguru purakhu] Guru Nanak Dev. "satrguru purakhu para vac.lbhagu." -asa m 4. 'A'futlrtr [satrjap] n recitation of the Nam. 2 recitation of the eternal Being, the incarnation of truth. 3 recitation of sapatsati. See 'FI'3"mft. "rare nam satrjap."-cac;li 1. FIf3tJor [satrjug] See R3"iJdT and ~. 'R'f3mr [satrnam], 'flfuorl:f [satrnamu] n the initiatory mantar of Gurmat which holds that, He the Creator is, was and will be omnipresent. "krrtam nam kathe tere jrhva satrnamu tera para purabla."-maru solhe m 5. "satrnamu prabhu ka sukhdai." -sukhmani. 2 adj truth is whose name. Hfu frnrF3" [satI nrratr] Skt ~8 n business, trade. This epithet is given to it because trade is a mixture oftruth and falsehood. See frnrF3". Hfu ~ [satr padarath], ~ [satr padarathu] n self~realisation. "manu tanu arapr dhan: gur agE satr padarathu pavE." -asa m 5. 2 the Creator. JJf3y~ [satrpurakhu] n the Creator. "satrpurakhu jrnr janra satrguru trs ka nau." -sukhmani. 2 adj See 'R31]a1:f. "satrpurakhu satrguru parmesaru."-maru solhe m 5. RnujI<11 [satrbaJ::li] n hymns of Guru Granth Sahib. 2 adjGurbani as expression oftruth. Rfd~lel [satrvadi] adj "GI'IfCfTR;or, truthful, righteous. "amrrtsar satrguru satrvadi."-guj m4. ~TJ1 [sativrsvas] Skt ~5>-Cffi1 true faith; contrary to belief in falsehood. Assuming sugar to be sand is faith in falsehood, and to consider sugar as sugar is true faith. See fuJrH. ~ [satrvat] See ~.
FI"3't [sati] adj true form, eternal. "gurr namu

drrrara harr harr namu harr sati."-vac;l chat m 4. 2 who always speaks the truth; who has forsaken falsehood. See~. "mukh ka sati." -ratanmala bano. 3 charitable, magnanimous. "satia manr satokhu upjE deJ::lE kE vicarr." -var asa m 1. 4 contented. "asakh sati asakh dataru."-japu. 5n~wife. "gautamsatisrla nrstari."-g5c;l namdev. 'Gautam's wife; Ahalya.' 6 Skt wfT a woman faithful to her husband. "brn sat sati hor kEse narr."-gau kabir. "bhi so saha jaJ::lianr sil satokhr rahanr."-var suhi m 3. 7 a woman who on account of her resolve intentionally dies with her dead husband. "satia saut tobhri toe." -BO According to the Hindu scriptures, the performance of sati is considered a virtuous deed. There is a mention in the fourth chapter ofParashar Simriti that a woman performing sati alongwith her husband lives in heaven for the number of years her husband has hair on his body. Similar is a dictum in the fourth chapter of Daksh Simriti. However in Guru Granth Sahib (Gurbani), this practice is condemned. "satia ehr na akhianr jo marra lagr jalanr, nanak satia jaJ::lianr jI buhe cot maranr.-var suhi m 3. With inspiration drawn from Raja Rammohan Roy, the founder of Brahm Samaj, Lord William Bentick introduced a law on 7th of December 1829 banning the practice of sati. This law came into force in Punjab and Rajputana in 1847. 8 daughter of Daksh, wife of Mahadev. There is a story in Devi Bhagwat Division 7, chapter 30 and in Kalika Puran that, Sati finding her husband suffer insults at the hands of her father, jumped into the yag kund (pit) "'. and breathed her last, Shiv destroyed his yag and out of affection took out her dead body
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from the fire pit, placed it on his shoulder and started wandering day and night. Seeing the deplorable plight ofthe dead body ofSati, Vishnu with his Sudarshan Chakar cut the corpse into pieces. Wherever the pieces of Sati fell, they became places of pilgrimage. The place where the tongue fell, came to be known as Jwalamukhi, where eyes dropped was known as Naina Devi. There is a mention in Tantarchuramani that Sati's limbs fell at 51 places. All those places are called "devi piths". 9 Skt R3t (~) a group or bund][e of one hundred. ~ [sdtitv] Skt n the state of being faithful to one's husband. 'R3la" [sdtir] See ~. 'R3l 'ij!7ft urn- ~ [sati rani ghare sIapa] -sva m 1. There is always wailing where reside too-many women. It means in the households of the corrupt, there is always trouble brewing up amongst women. 2 With seven wives around, there should have been comfort in the home, instead constant wailing prevails there. 3 five sense organs, avarice and jealousy are always at war. mr [satu] n truth. "SdtjUgI satu teta jagi."--gau ravIdas. 2 See fJ, , fJE, li'Ff. "satu prdgtIo rdVI loI."-savEYe m 2ke. 'Let your glory be known in heaven'. 3 Skt R2f. a donation. "Sdti pap kdrI Sdtu kamahI."-var ram 1 m 1. 'Good people indulge in charity after committing sins.' ~ [SdtUtI] Skt ~ft'r n praise, honour, appreciation. "sImrdt satutI bakhan."-NP mrfu ~ mt!T [SdtutI vyaj nidal See ~R'3"f3" ~ mt!T and 'J1 iliFC'l\,!i. mra- [Sdtur] See~. ~ [SdtU1] adj equal, even. "ekse satu1 hE."
-NP
~
[sdtuva],
[sdtua] Skt
H~:;r 11
Sdttu;
pounded flour of parched oats, mixed with sugar or salt and made tender with water is eaten then. "1 sdtua PdtI or sIdhai."-CdrItr 89. ~3' [satut] P .;..;; n a mulberry of good quality, grafted mulberry. 2 a special type of mulberry, of which the fruit is sweet-sour and high quality syrup is prepared from it. L Morus Atropurpurea. ~ [satun] P c:Jr n a pillar, column. ~ [satup] Skt ~ n a top knot of the hair. 2 a pinnacle at the top of a temple. 3 a temple's minaret glorifying someone (kiratIsatabh). ~ [satuyman] Skt 'JIm-PO adj praised, applauded. "hoy satuyman cal avat."-GPs. 'R3' [sdte] adjin the form of incarnation oftruth. "bel).i ta sagamu sat sate."-dh;;ma chJt m 1. 'Absolute truth is a confluence.' 2 See FI'3'or. JEfu [sateIj, R31:ft [sdtei], FI'3'or [satey] Skt n theft. "pacj.It pahru kar-hI satei."-NP H3' [Sdt] Satta (did), See tf3r 4. ~ [satogul).] n ~<!)<f the first of the three elements of illusion, functioning to impart peace, compassion, charity, forgiveness and happiness, etc. mrn- [sdtabhj, ~ [satabha] Skt '1'~ a pillar, column. 2 stationary, immobile. "bhayo satabha ca1at na pag."-GPs. 3 the act of being stationary. Jf3' [satt] See 'H3', rrf3' and R3Jf. 2 seven. 3 In Sastarnammala the scribe has written Jf3' for 1J3' at a number of places as in "sabh arjdn ke nam 1 satt $dbdd pundehu."-145. It should be: arjan sut. 'Arjun's charioteer - Krishan.' See Ff3'fu. R3'~ [satt ajube] These are so often mentioned in books of history. For the interest of the readers, these are listed here: (a) Seven wonders of the world (old):
10r
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-rdtdnmala bano. SEVEN: "mat pIta guru ki tahal satI tap gUl)nIgreh, knpa sarab par sapt hE ;"itar tirath deh." FIVE: "yat f1ati s;"itokh ju dhar Jr vIrag n;"imratavan, kam krodh aru lobh moh ko sahIt h;"ikar kart so han." NINE: navdhabhaktI. See MQ'dIF3. Ff3" ~ [satt bhumIka] See RlB ~. Ff3H [sattam] See R3H. Ff3"a" [sattar] seventy. Ffofu [sattan] In Shastarnammala some scribe has written Fl'3fu in place ofJ.:f"3i'o (J.J3"-rfu) as in "durjodhan ke nam 1 ;"it sabad an dehu, ~); anuj ucar sattan ucar nam bal) lakh lehu." (4) Leaning Tower of Pisa; -155. Duryodhan's enemy Bhimsen, his (5) Porcelain Temple in China; younger brother Arjun, his charioteer's enemy (6) Church of St. Sophia at Constantinoan arrow. The death of Krishan, Arjun's ple; charioteer was caused by an arrow. (7) Colosseum at Rome. Ff3" ftn:ft [satt nkhi] See FItf3fucft. JE ~ ;3-BU tJT'ij" [satt satai cJdah car] Ff3" B"CT [satt lata] seven flames of fire - kali, -rdtcmmala bJno. seven saints, twenty seven karali, manojva, 10hIta, dhumr;warna, ugra planets, fourteen disciplines of knowledge and dipta. F\'3" ~a- [satt 10k] See BiIefu ~a-. and four salvations. Ro ~ [satt suhagal)a] wives of seven rishis. 'lfuT [satta] Skt tfnT n being, existence. See Ffl.f3" fucft. seven such women whose . 2 recognition, presence. 3 power, authority. husbands are alive, assembled at the time of 4 brother of Balwand, a rabab player in the a marnage. service of Guru Arjun Dev. "danu jI satIguru Ff3" 1J1:!i" [satt sudha] n seven senses. "dhiray bhavsi so sate dal)u."-var ram 3. buddhI bIbek bal gatI mItI Jsarbat. sIgh Once it so happened that both the brothers na c;lar turkan ki bhul gei sudh sat."-PP' became so greedy and arrogant that they Ro lJij" [satt sur] See Ff'3" lJij", 130 and lfO. stopped performing Kirtan. When they did F\'3" ~ [satt kukaram] seven malpractices not resume their job at the instance of the mentioned in the nogam chapter of Nirukat devotees, the benevolent Guru himself went are - theft, adultery, killing a Brahman, to bring them. They not only insulted the Guru foeticide, drinking, repeated doing of evil but also spoke ill of Guru Nanak Dev. The deeds and falsely implication of some one in result was that they were dismissed from a crime. 2 Seven deadly sins. See l.fTl.f. service and got afflicted with leprosy. Ro 'QT6T [satt dhara] See ~. Ultimately Bhai Ladha, the altruist, sought
(1) Pyramids of Egypt. These are more than five thousand years old; (2) Hanging gardens of Samiramis III Babylon; (3) The Temple of Diana at Ephesus; (4) The Statue of Zeus, by Pheidias, at Athens; (5) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus; (6) Colossus at Rhodes; (7) Pharos' Light house at Alexandria. (b) Seven wonders ofthe world (new): (l) Stonehenge in Salisbury Plain III England; (2) Catacombs of Alexandria; (3) The Great Wall of China (See ~
Ff3" y~ [satt puria] See ~. Ff3" tf'H 7i" ~OJT ~ [satt p;"ij TIJ lagga rakkhal)]
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[sdtyannt] truth and falsehood. 2 business and trade. H3J'l ' dtl1:fCi'H [satyardth praka:;;] a book written by Acharya Sadhu Dayanand of Arya Samaj. It has twelve parts, containing twelve rules relating t9 Arya Samaj. All other religions are condemned in it. Its first edition was published in 1874 AD. [sdtya] SkI In Chhandogya Upnishad part 3, sub-part 8, it is stated that the three words ~-f3"-lJf combine to signify unity of the eternal and the mortal. 2 incarnation of truth, true. "sadh sag sdneh sdtya."-sahas m 5. ~ [sdtr] SkI n wealth. 2 a house. 3 a true rhythm. 4 an eternal feast. 5 yag. "bhil sastri BtiET. sdtr kdtth kdthana ."-gyan. 6 a fraud, H3J'lCld3id [satykartar] See JiF30<d3 ' d. deception. 7 a forest. 8 an enemy. See 1:J1'WO lE:iJ1.!fuar.;r [satypratIgy] SkI ad) one who ~. See~. 9 See~. makes a true promise. ~ [satraDI], ~. [satrdl).i], ~ [sdtrdni] n an enemy's army.-sanama. ~ [satybhama] See ~ and ~. H3J'l~31 [satyvati] n Vasuraj's (up2JrIcar) ~tfi:5 [sdtrajIt] n son of Nighan Yadav. Pleased with him, the sun gifted him the daughter, born of a fish, hence her name was Machhodari (Matsyodari). Rishi Prashar was Sydmatdk gem. See ~ and ~. "satrajIt lakh bhed nahI."-knsan. In Dasam Granth, enamoured of her beauty, had sexual intercourse with her and a son named Krishan Arijit and Aranjit are mentioned as its Dvaipayan (later on named as Vyas) was born. synonyms. King Santanu married her and his two sons Hq i 3Cld [sdtratkdr] n the destroyer of the namely Vicitrvirya and Chitrangad were born. enemy, a sword. "kavcatak sdtratkdr." It is mentioned in Mahabharat that she gave -sanama. out the smell of a fish but with the grace of ~1 [satri] an enemy. "karta vadh sdtri." rishi Prashar her body began to emit fragrance -krIsan. "satr khdgg khyata."-ramav. 2 SkI spreading to a distance of four koso Hence her 'BDT-;.r~ ad) who performs a yag. 3 n an ambassador, envoy. name Yojangandha. See futfl"O<". H3J'l~'e'I [satyvadi] See ~~. ~ [satru] SkI B1 n an enemy. "satru ddhdn harInamu kahan."-gu) m 5. R3Jr filJrTH" [Sdty vIsvas] See Rfu" "fuJrrr. R3Jr'[3" [sdtyvrat] See~. 2 n a Surajvanshi ~ [satruha], ~3T [sdtruhata], ~u.ro king, who was the father of Harishchandar. [sdtrughdn], ~l?f [sdtrughn], HiJfu'd He is also known as Trishanku. [sdtrubIdar], H~F~'d [SdtruvIdar] ad) who F8JlT [sdtya] See Ff3T. 2 SkI truth, veracity. destroys the enemy. 2 n younger brother of 3 Durga. 4 Sita. Lachhman, who was the son of Dashrath from
forgiveness for them. See ~ ~'QT. They composed the third var in Ramkali rag. "ramkali ki var raI balvaq.I tatha satE q.umI akhi." ~ [sattasatt] truth and falsehood. "hkhIye sattasatt vIcara."-NP Ff~ [sattu] See ~. Ff~ ~ [satte rohal).I] See ~ 'tl'q. R3Jr [saty] SkI ~ n God, the Creator; the eternal One. 2 an era of truth. 3 a promise. 4 a thesis, essence. 5 the highest i.e. the seventh region. 6 truth, as opposed to falsehood. 7 ad) real, exact, factual. ~rr [sdtysadh] SkI ad) one who makes a true promise, and fulfills it. 2 n a king. See
H3J'l i fl'i 3"
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Sumitra. "mIlyo satruhata."-ramav. "bharat lacchman satrubIdara."-VN. 3 Shatrughan, a demon who was a commander of Ravan. 4 In Sastarnammala the arrow is described as ~()T. "nam satruha ke sabhE."-238. ~7> [satrm] Bhai Santokh Singh has used this word for 'quickly'. "prapat jya aVIlab ko badhat belI satrm."-NP 2 Skt~(f. one who loves his wife dearly. ~ [satv] Skt n existence, being. 2 sum and substance, gist. 3 attachment. 4 truth. 5 pregnancy. 6 determination. 7 a living being. ~ [satvar] Skt adv hurriedly, hastily. 2 adj being in haste. Fra" [sath] with, company. See Ff". 2 n a place where people assemble. 3 the place where village councilor panchayat meets. 4 an assembly, meeting. "adha jhagra adhi sathE." -var sar m 1. 5 Skt BT adjwho or that stays. This word is used at the end of a word as in fa.ruFEr or WOcllFEf etc. 6 ~21 Ra" is also the short form of~. F!"()FEr. i.e. sitting together. RTEit is transformation of the same. 'R"Erel [sathai] See REfTit. 2 a companion, an associate. 'R"8'Elrr [sathaia] adj situated. 2 a companion. "sath lae ju sathaia."-cJc;li 1. 'FI"ERI" [sathar], "R"E@ [satharu] See 'FI"'"EIQ. "yarre da santi sathar caga."-hajare ]0. 2 H-ft:Rrr to sit determinedly on the ground for achieving something. "bEtha satharu ghatI."-m 1 bJno. "Rtl1? [sathal] Skt F""Em" n place. 2 dry land, desert. 'fI'a"Iit [sathai] Skn~, adj permanent, lasting, stable. 2 n a refrain. ~ ~ [sathai bhav] n This (enduring emotion) is one, upon which the sentiment is based, as :;;rfgar (eroticism) is based on ratI, hasy (humour) on hasi (laughter), karUl)a (pathos) on :;;ok (grief), rudar (ferocity) on
krodh (anger), vir (heroism) on utsah (inspiration), bhayanak (dreadfu Iness) on bhE (fear), bibhtas (abborrence) on galanI (nausea), adbhut (marvel) on hnani (astonishment) and :;;at (tranquil) is based on :;;ati (peace). ~ [sathal).ul, ~ [sathal).u] Skt ~ adj steady; situated. 2 n Shiv. 3 stake, a big wooden peg. 4 a stump. "thIt sathal).u jEsa." -NP 'fI"aTO [sathan] n a place. "REI""O't [sathani] <;=2:!1f.'1;::r, adj who owns a place. 2 related to a place. l1EfTQ [sathar] Skt"fCfiR n a heap. 2 stock of harvested crop. 3 a bare ground, vacant land. "kar sathar tahf te cal ae."-GPs. ~ [sathavar] See ~. Jl'fERr [sath If] See l?iRfERr and fl::1:ru". Ff" [sathu] S assembly, gathering. 2 company. "rIdhI aru SIdhI na choc;laI sathu."-savE'ye m 4 ke. See Ra". ~ [sathul] See ~. "l'ffl'tt [sathoi] adj"F"Ef"TfuQ permanent. "rag majith da sada sathoi."-BG 2 a companion, associate. "sathoi sarab sath ka."-kalki. ~ [sathac;lal] Skt ~ n a platform, dais. "kdrhu sdthac;lal krtdk utag."-GPs. mf~ [sathabh] Skt ~ n a pillar, column. 2 inertia. 3 the act of stopping. 'R'Efm; [sathabhan] See ~. HFf [sdtth] See Ra". 2 part company, meeting. "kahi katth tIh satth."-ramav. ~ [sdd] adv always, ever. "sad sUl).da sad vekhda."-asa am 3. 2 n a word, sound. 3 a precept. 4 a call, shout. "SUl).kE sad mahi da mehi pal).i ghah mutone."-dasamgrJth. 5 a Punjabi song. It does not have a specific type of metre. Sung in a prolonged loud voice, it is a fond song of the rural folk. Various forms of metre are used in sad. "sunddr" sdd in Guru
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Granth Sahib, which is in Ramkali Rag, has six lines and is a variant of hullas metre. Its first line has 23 matras, the second line has 25, the next four lines have 28 matlas each and the last part of the second line, by a 'lion's back glance' maxim (sfghavalokclfi nyay) forms the beginning of the third line. Example: jagdata SOI bhagatvachal tIhu IOI jiu, gurusabad samavae avro na jaDE kOI jiu, avro na jal)E sabad guru ke ek nam dhIavhe, parsadI nanak guru agad parampadvi pavhe.... (b) There is an irregular-lined "sad" in the Dasam Granth, which has three lines and every line has 29 matras ending with a yagaD, ISS. The first pause is at the 17th matra and the second at the subsequent 12 th . Example: SUDkE sadd mahi da mehi, paDi ghah mutone, kIS hi na1 na ralia kai, kari ~Jk payone, gaya phnak mIla mItt mahi, tahi ~ukar kItone. 6 Skt ~ vr to go, march against, attack, call out, evoke, meet, overtake, climb, obey, claritY or purify. be at peace with ones,elf, keep company (of). 7 ~ P a hundred. "baIIhari guru apDe dIuhari sad var."--var asa m ]" m= m= [sad sad], ~ [sadsada] adv at all times, daily. "amar bhae sad sad hi jivhI." -sukhmani. "sadsada sImratby suami." -dhana chJt m 5. ~ [sadsagil adj ever accompanying, inseparable, "satan balI harE jo prabhu ke sadsagi."-kalI m 5. 2 a gentle companion. m=~ [sad hajara] P Uf.J'J:~. hundreds and thousands, lacs. 2 myriad. RBtJT [sad-hal P ~~. plural of"l"lt!. hundreds, numberless, myriad. 2 Skt one who performs a sacrificial rite, a sacrificer. 3 a member of
an assembly, society. [sadka] A j ~ n a sacrifice. "ban ban jau sat sadke."-bavan. 2 objects used in exorcising a spirit or for driving away sickness; charmed substances passed over or around a person's body; propitiatory offering. 3 an endowment, grant. "vahguru tera sabh sadka."-savEye m 4 ke. "nIguDu rakhIlia satan ka sadka."-tukha chat m 5. ~ [sadkar], HCi(ldH [sadkaraj] n a virtuous act or action. ~ [sadkari] adj who performs virtuous deeds. 2 adv by sacrifice, grace or charity. "rakh sat sadkari."-sar m 5. 'Protect by the grace of the saints'. ~w [sadkela], ~m [sadkeli] adj ever happy or delighted. always enjoying. "kahu nanak guru IhE bujhaIo pritI prabhu sadkela."-dhana m 5.2 always alone. solitary or unattached; ever free from wordly ties. FreOJfu [sadgatI] Skt ~ n a superior state, happy condition. 2 beatitude. m!"q@ [sadguru] See ~. RHl'i!l<! [sadjivalJ], HHl'i!l(,) [sadjivan] n eternal life; immortality. 2 noble or virtuous living. "sadjivan bhalo kahahi."-sor kabir. "sadjivaD arjan amol."-savEye m 5 ke. H<!(Jld l [sadaDhara] adj who calls. 2 who summons. "sadaDhara sImriE."-sohIla. ~ [sadJ::la], ~ [sadaJ::lu] v to summon, call. 'H''O [sadan] Skt n a place for sitting; a house. 2 a place. 3 water. 4 master. ~ [sadbaragl P J /. ~ n a flower with one hundred petals; Indian marigold. 2 See~. ~ [sadbhau], ~ [sadbhaI], ~ [sadbhav] See R'3" M. l1H [sadam] Skt~,n a resting place, house. "natu rakho sadar nIj sadma."-NP 2 a battle, war. Hl-fT [sadma] A ,.,.-41'" n a shock, collision. 2 a
~
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loss. damage. 3 anger, grief. ~ [sada$Iv] n the ever beneficent or [sadar] A .J-V n a heart. 2 a breast, chest. benevolent supreme Being. "mahadev ko 3 a beginning. 4 the highest officer or chief kahIt sada SIV. nIr~kar ka cinat nahI bhIV."_C.JPCli. ofa district. 5 a prominent area ofa city where government offices and courts, etc. are ~ ~ [sada suhagal).I], ~ ~ [sada located. 6 a president of a meeting or suhaganI], ~ lJ'JTfaro [sada suhagIn] adj assembly. 7 adv on; above; over. always married and unwidowed; who has ffi!' mJH3' [sad rahmat], ffi!'"ffiJl-ffu [sad rahmatI] never suffered the grief of widowhood. p .:;..? .J-V a hundred blessings (from heaven), ~ [sadasukh], J=RTB1:f [sadasukhu] n perfect compassion. 2 applause. "sad rahmat tere var happiness, joy or bliss. "sadasukhu saCE kau."-ca<;ii 3. sabadI vicari."-vCl<;i ill 3. ~ [sadri] A t,).J-v a garment for the chest; ~ [sadakat] A "':::';f ....... sincerity, candour. ~ ciQ [sada br] Sada kunvari, daughter of jacket, vest. ~OT [sadr~g] n eternal joy, pleasure or Chandu, whom Guru Hargobind was to betroth. Acceding to the request of the Sikhs ecstasy. 2 a bard who eulogised the Sikh from Delhi, Guru Arjan Dev however Gurus. declined the vain person's offer. 2 Mother~ [sadr~gI] always or ever with pleasure. in-law of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, mother of "sadr~gI sahajI kalu ucrE jasu j~pau lahl).e Maharani Matab Kaur. She was the widow rasan."-scwEye ill 2 ke. 2 adj of eternal joy. of Sardar Gurbakhash Singh of the Kanhaia ~[sadvau] adj always flowing, moving. misl. After the death of her husband she 2 nair. 3 See ~ ~. headed the misl and earned a name through ~ [sadra] See ffi!'. 2 a song of praise or her valour and prudence. She used the power triumph, paean. "tera sadra SUl).ijE bhai ! je ko bahE alaI."_suhi ill 1.3 a cry or call for help; of her misl in support of Maharaja Ranjit a humble appeal (for protection,justice, etc.) Singh. But, in 1821, there developed a rift with her son-in-law and consequently, she lost 4 summons. "sadre ae tIna jania."-vCl<;i ill 1 her own territory. Her daughter Matab Kaur CllahI)ia. 5 soon; immediately; without delay. was the mother of Maharaja Sher Singh. "pIch-hu rati sadra nam khasam ka lehI." 3 The daughter of raja Hamir Singh ofNabha, -illaru ill 1. married to sardar Jai Singh, a nobleman of ~ [sada] part always, ever. "sada sada atam pargasu."-asa ill 5. 2 A f-V n a sound, word. Batala. 3 a mendicant's blessing or benediction. 4 a ~ [sadagatI] Ski n air, wind. cry or call for help; a humble appeal (for H'<!!WS [sadagulab] n an everblooming rose; the China rose. 2 xa an acacia tree. protection or justice). "rEl). dInas dUI sade pae."-bClsat ill 4. See F\'t!T. H'<!!WS t!T~ [sadagulab da mukhmajl).a] ~ [sadaul).a]v to be called, to send for, xa an acacia twig used as a tooth brush. to pronounce. 2 to be sent or asked for, send ~ [sadacar] n good manners or noble conduct; nice behaviour. order through somebody. "kalau masajni kia sadaiE?"-varsri ill 3. 'why ask for'a pen and H'i3 l dli3 [sadacarv~t], Rt!'t3"'01 [sadacariJ adj inkpot?' well-behaved, virtuous.
FIt!O
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[sadacham] n one who always presl~rves or protects; the famous physician Dhanvantri, who is said to have appeared from the churning of the ocean. "rogJ:n janyo sadacham hE."-krrscm. 2 adj observing norms. ~ [sadanad] n eternal or everlasting happiness, spiritual bliss. 2 God, the Creator. 3 Guru Nanak Dev. 4 adj always or eternailly happy. 'ffi!TlJ3" [sadabrat], ~3" [sadavrat] n daily routine. 2 practice of providing uninterrupted alms and food in charity. 3 adj observing unchanging routine. Rfu [sadI] adv having called or summoned. "jIni tera nam dhIaIa tIn kau sadI mIle." -maru m I. 2 without delay, immediately. "ape devE sadI bulaI."-majh am 3. ~ [sadIana] P ~L.JI:~ an enrapturing musical instrument. "baje sadan dar par sad I ane."-GPs. "Rtft [sadi] P l.5.v Skt ~ n a period of one hundred years, century, centenary.. 2 one hundred. For example - "do fi sadi" 'two per cent' and "vihvl sadi" 'the twentieth century.' ~ [$adid] A -:,;.;, vehemently, severely. ~ [sadiv] part always, ever, See ~'. ~ [sadu] See FR" 5.2 a word. "hau jiva sadu SUl)e."-var kan m 4. 3 of a mendicant's cry or call at the door of the householder asking for alms. "IkI val).khaQI bES-hI jaI sadu na devhi."-var mala m I. 4 a precept. ~ [sadupde$] a precept, genuine teaching. proper advice. ~ [sadei] v will summon; call; summons. "nanak akhE gor sadei."-sri m I. ~ [sadesra], ~ [sadesro], ~[T [sadesa] SktFl'-fH, ~, n a message. "sunat sadesro pna grIh sej vIchai."-sl1hi m 5. "koi aI sadesa deI prabh kera."-brla am 4. REu [sadeh] See Fl'-e-u. 2 Skt adv ff (with) ~
'R'e"SH
(body), alongwith or together with the body. "sadeh surC"lg ko gayo."-GPs. ~ [sadere] part always, ever. "satIguru sev dIn rat sadere."-marll solhe m 5. ~ [sadev] See ~~. ~Q [sadoh] Skt Ff"~ adj all, entire, whole, complete. 2 completely, entirely. "jaytI saccIdanad sadoha."-NP ~ [sada] See ~. 2 at once, immediately. See FIt!JT. "sada sis kapyo. "-gyan. Rt!" [sadd] See FR" and R~. 2 a word, sound. "bhayo sadd eva, haryo nirdheva."-VN "Jfe<!r [saddl).a] ~ to call. See~. Jfe"r [sadda] n an invitation. 2 a message. 3 a cry or call for help, humble appeal (for protection or justice). 4 a caller, messenger. Jfe"r fl:fur [sadda sIgh] See~. 2 a Nirmala ascetic who was very learned. He lived mostly in Kashi. He wrote. "Advaitsiddhi" an abtruse book on Vedanta and Sugamsar Chandarika. ~ [saddu] a rabab player who was the brother of~ (Maddu). Accompanied by his brother, he used to perform kirtan in the court ofGuru Gobind Singh. "saddu maddu asa val'. kirtan karte rag sudhar."-GPs. ~ [sady] Skt ~ adv at once, immediately, instantly. 2 today itself. 3 n Shiv. ~ [sadyphal] an instant reward. ~ [sadyana] See Rfunror. m [sadya] See FR":if. Hf;:rFr [sadrIs] Skt ~~vr adj looking alike. resembling, similar, equal. "kur kupatta sadns kutta."-GPs. ~ [sadhura] See rH~ and ~. ~ [sadhaia] adj who is accomplished or adept in religious exercise; who performs a religious practice. "sadhna sadhaia."-gyan. RtTi'i" [sadhan] n ff-qo a rich, wealthy or moneyed person.
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[sadhna] He was a butcher, resident of Sehvan (Sindh). Blessed with the company of those having self-realisation, he obtained the gift of love for and devotion to God. He was a contemporary of Namdev. His tomb is situated near Sirhind. The bani of this Bhagat is recorded in Guru Granth Sahib. "ausar laja rakhI lehu sadhna janu tora."-bIla. 2 v to complete, to accomplish, to be served (a purpose). 3 skilled, adept or trained (in). FI'QQ [sadhanu] with or having a bow. mr [sadhar] See 'A1::re'. . RmJOT [sadharna] Skt ~ to destroy. "apI upavan apI sadharna."-bIla m 5. 2 short for 'Ff-})fTl:flO-~. FItfT [sadha] Skt reverential belief, faith. "sej sadha sahIj chavaI).u."-saveye m 4 ke. 'Devotion is the throne and knowledge is the canopy.' 2 Skt ~m slaked lime. "pan supari katth mIlI r5g sur5g sapmaI). sadha."-BG 'The mixture of betel, palm, catechu and quicklime results in sanguinely red colour.' 'RQTi'j [sadhan] the act of aiming at See ~. "an an surma sadhan ban dhavhi."-kalki. HtPa [sadhar] 'Ff-})fTl:flOwith or having a base or foundation. "barasu pIare manhI sadhare." -mala m 5. 'gladdening or delighting.' 2 a village in tehsil Jagraon of district Ludhiana. It is situated at a distance of about five miles to the south of Mullanpur railway station. At half a mile to the north of this village, there is a gurdwara, also known as 'Gurusar', raised in the memory of Guru Hargobind. This gurdwara has twenty bighas of land attached to it. A religious fair is held here on every full-moon day. A pair of garments of Guru Hargobind is preserved in the community centre of this village, which the Guru had gifted to a Sikh named Prema. ~ [sadharaI).] a self-knowing, ardently
'R'Q'i'iT
devoted follower ofGuru Nanak Dev. "bmle! jahu sadharaI). sadna."-NP 2 a blacksmith resident ofGoindval, and a follower of Guru Amar Dev, who prepared wooden stairs for the well with steps leading into it. 3 a carpenter follower of Guru Arjan Dev, who constructed the building known as 'Guru Ke Mahil', in Kartarpur. 4 v to mend, correct, reform, improve. 5 to adopt, maintain. "garab nIvaraI). sarab sadharaI).."-maru solhe m 5. 6 to provide with a base, or a support. "tIsu jan kE sa gI tarE sabhu koi so parvar sadharI).a."-maru solhe m 5. 7 See ~. ~ [sadharan] See ~. v to provide with a base. "kalmal c;laran manhI sac'haran."-dev m 5. 2 See ~. "path sadharn jo nIt kare."-GPs. ~ [sadhari] adjwhich provides with a base or support. "par-upkari sarab sadhari."-dev m5. 'R'ftf-e-T [sadhf da] adj effective, skilful. "sIddhtai ko sadhfda."-gyan. R1it [sadhi] adj with rr1 (intelligence); intelligent and understanding; wise. "sadhi sravgi bedbIdya bIcari."-paras. R1pf [sadhum] adj with smoke. 2 n fire. mRr [saddhar] n liking, taste. 2 zest for eating. "aM saddhar na lahE aI). abakria je khae." -BG 'Jfg' [saddhu] a devoted Sikh, resident of Lahore, at whose residence Guru Arian Dev had stayed for some time. Summoning the Guru from there, Chandu incarcerated the Guru. "saddhu SIkkh sa bharya prem kare man mahi."-GPS. 2 See Jfg. 110 [san] In Punjabi, it is the plural ofro. were; and in Lahindi Punjabi suffixed to words, it indicates the future tense. For example - jasan, kharsan etc. See l::SRf'o, tl"'Rf'o etc. 2 SkI ~, vr to give in charity, donate, serve, honour or
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FJOT
respect. 3 Skt n gain, profit. 4 adj old, ancient. mfu [s;mdc;lc;lhJ See ~ and J#;;r. 2 Soqhi. 5 Bhai Santokh Singh has used this word at "rakhia 1djj basa sdl1dc;lc;lha.-VN. one place, for greasiness or oiliness (greasy 'R'i'i3" [sdndtJ Skt adj bent, inclined. 2 which produces a sound. 3 Skt ~~ n four faced substance-butter). "pE mddh jdYO Sdn hot sddiv hE."-NP 6 P d a colour. 7 a rule, a Brahma. 4 A ~ craft, handicraft, industry. principle. 8 a spear, lance, javelin. 9 A c;r;. a 'A"03"~fTO [sdndt kuar J, Ff7i"3" ~l-Rf [sdndt year (ofa calendar); year (ofIndian calendar). kumar] son or sons of ~ (Brahma). See "Sdn n;:, s;:, ekandV ahi."--masJ. H(')O(ifeO(. 10 See m:. 11 Pkt part with, to, for. "tIh Sdn 'flOe' [sdl1ddJ v n a deed, bond. 2 a letter of kahyo prem ke sath."-GPS. recommendation or introduction. "Ri'iiI;;r [sdl1duc;lhJ n a region from Mathura- Jffi1:r [sdl1dddhJ, "F!7fu ~ [sdndddh bdddh] Skt Bhartpur to Amarkot. 2 Sodhi family or "G~ adjproperly tied or girded. 2 dressed in lineage. 3 lineage of the Sanadhya Brahmans. armour; having weapons tied to one's body. See J#;;r and ~. 3 with armour on, fully ready for the battle. ~ [sdl1duc;lhi] adjofthe Sanadhya lineage. "Sdndddh bdddh hVE chd1e."-ramav. "tdhI Ik ahI sdnduc;lhi brahmdn. pac;lIt bdc;lo ~ [sdnbadh] See Hmr. mdha bdc;l gunI jdn."-djE SIgh raj. 2 Sodhi. ~ [sdnbadhi] See Mtft. See J#m. ~ [sdnbadhuJ See 'Ahfq-. "manE dhdrdm seti ~ [sdnak] Skt adj old, ancient. 2 n eldest of sdnbadhu."-je>pu. the four spiritual sons of Brahma. "sane>k Fl7iiihft [sabadhehi] adj related, concerned sanad at nahI paIa."-asa ke>bir. 3 Skt~fl a with. "10k gnh bdnIta maIa sdnbadhehi." sage, sori ofShaunak who was an Acharya of -sor m 5. the Atharav Ved. Authored by him "bnhad- FffiH [sdndm] Skt adj submissive, humble. 2 A devta" is a famous book. He was a great ( n an idol. 3 adj beloved. 4 beautiful. grammarian. 4 a tome authored by 'Shaunak'. FIOl-fTO [sdnmanJ Skt~ n respect, reverence, "sanak mdhI pekhiE nam ki namna SdPdt veneration. dipa."-me>la re>vIdas. HOl-fTC'M [sanmany] adjrespectable, venerable. ~ [sdnkadI], H(')O(ifeO( [sdnkadIk] n four l1i'>lj1:f [sanmukh], 'H'(')Jjl3 [sdnmukhu] Skt ~ spiritual sons of Brahma, namely, Sanak, adv facing, face to face. "sdnmukh sdhI Sanandan, Sanatan and Sanat Kumar. ban."~asa chatm 5.2 obedient. "mohri putu "brahmadIk sankadIk Sdndk sanaddn sdnmukhu hOIa."-se>du. 3 n whose face is Sdnatdn sanatkumar tIn kau maha1u turned towards the Guru and who has turned du1bhavdu."-asa m 5. his back on worldly distractions and has FIOihr [sdnke$] n ~-itr.r. master or father of developed such prime qualities as goodwill, Sanak, Brahma. "sankes nadan pavhi ndhI friendliness etc. bhev."-akal. "mEtri karUI).a dYE 1akho mudIta tiji jan. ~it!O [sankesnadan] son ofBrahma. See catur upekhya JIS VIkhE sdnmukh so ~. pahIcan."-NP FI7iiII3" [sangat] See Ror3'. "guru daya1u ki da'ya ffi'iliI" [sanay] Skt adj principled. 2 old, ancient. kE sangat hE."-BG 2 beatitude, emancipation. 'fI'i'iT [sdna] See R"(')"Ttf. 2 See ~. 3 A PI:.- a
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climber, leaves ofwhich are used as a purgative. L Cassia Senna. It is called markaqIka in Sanskrit. In Ayurvedic system of medicine, it is believed to eradicate such diseases as constipation, leprosy, flatulence and cough, etc. Physicians consider the senna ofMecca (Cassia Lanceolata) very useful. Its effect is warm and dry. It drains bile through loose motions and cures pain in the gout and the ribs. ~ [sanau] See ~. 2 See Ffi'ilfu" 2. "R(')Tl')f3" [sanaat] A ..:-i'l;.> n workmanship, craftsmanship. The root of this word is ~ which means 'to make something skilfully.' 'R'i')'l"fu [sanaI] See m;r. A It 11 commendation, praise. "pajvi sIphatI sanaI."-var majh m 1. 'Laudation of the Praiseworthy (God) is the fifth namaz.' 3 P a small trumpet. "bajatr kotI bajhi sanaI bhen sajhi"-ramav. ~ [sanart] eulogy, praise. See Ffi'ilfu" 2. "sanaIt bahut kar."-JSBB. ~ [sanai] n one who is worthy of praise or laudation; God. 2 air-filled leatherbag used as help to cross a river, etc. "bhup-hI laya earhaI sanai. santa bie pari pun jai."-c<:lrItr 344. 3 See Ffi'ilfu" 3. J:IOTH [~anas] P V'(;; adj who is a judge of; knowing. It forms adjectives by combining at the end of a noun. e.g. Cj(idF.1(')'H, <;JCj(F.1(')'H etc. ~ [~anasad] P y(;; recognizes; may, should, will recognise. f.I(')ifR' [~anasfda] P I ~ adjwho recognizes, knowledgeable. "f.IOlFft [~anasi] P If(;; n the act of recognizing; recognition. It comes at the end of another word, e.g. tle 'F.1(')'A1. 1:IO'Ibr [~anasem] P f (;; we recognize, we shall, mayor should recognize; let us recognize. 'R?i"U [sanah] Skt Ffor<:r properly tied armour or chain-mail. "parbrahamu japI pahIn
sanah."-suhi m 5. Ri'ilUfu [sanahan] enemy (l?ffu) of the armour (R(')"TCJ); the sword. "sanahan jharat hE." -ramav. 2 weapon capable of piercing chainmail or armour. 'H"i'i"'fu [sanahI] See FI"()T"tJ. J1c'iT(ft [sanahi] adj armoured; wearing a chainmail. 2 See ~ air-filled leatherbag. "duhl1 sanahi lai magaI."-c<:lrItr 344. J1c'iT"[ [sanahu] See FI"()T"tJ. "pahIn sil sanahu." -s<:lveye m 2 ke. F.I7)1}:f3" [~anaxat] P ..::-> (;; n identification. F.f011:f37i [~anaxtan] P ? (;; v to identify, know. recogmze. ~ [sanaqh], ~ [sanaqhy] See ~ and
~m.
JI:!
[sanat] See F!75'Tf5. A ..:;...(;; plural of Wi'l'T; those who harbour enmity. 3 Skt ~ part always, ever, perpetually. "karta sadiv harta sanat."-<:lkal. 4 <:=;:rm bathed, cleansed by bathing, purified. RO"37i [sanatan] Skt adj ancient, primeval. 2 perpetu~.1. 3 n God, the Creator. "ab man ulatI sanatan hua."-g<:lu k<:lbir. 4 Brahma. 5 Vishnu. 6 son of Brahma. See H(')O(lfi:!oc ~ [sanatni] adj following traditional customs. 2 traditional. 3 n conformist, traditionalist. 4 orthodox or conservative Hindu. ffi'il'ftr [sanatI], 'H'i'i""3't [sanati] n mixed caste or tribe. 2 a low caste, tribe or class. "nanak naVE bajh sanatI."-asa m 1. "vIeI sanati sevak hoI." ill<:lla m 1. 3 See R013'. 'A?)Tl:f [s;:math], H()TEfT [sanatha] adj having a master or protector (above oneself). "tIn dekhe hau bhaIa sanath."-tukha chJt m 4. "tIn saphlIo janamu sanatha."-jet m 4. 'H'i'l"t!' [sanad] adjwith sound or noise, sonorous. FJ'i'i'T'fu [sanadI] alongwith or including an attendant of Shiv. "s;:madI SIV at na SUjjhE."
Hi')1'3"
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-gyan. FffiTO [sanan] See ~. 2 See fl::rc1rn. "RO'lif [sanay] See FffiT. Rfo [sanI] See "FId, Hit. "sanI jay6 tan khovhI dukhdani."-NP 'Having decayed its own body, the flax, taking the form of a rope, ties others.' 2 advwith, accompanied or attended by, including. 3 Skt"Bf.1 n charity. 4 reward. 5 Sknwr son of the sun and Chhaya; Saturn. 6 The seventh of the nine planets. Its distance from the sun is thought to be 883,000,000 miles. It is a very bright planet. Viewed with the help of a telescope, white rings an~ visible around it. ~ [sanIas], ~ [sanIasil SeeW1f'H and HforJ:ft. Hfl'lHiIa [sanIscarl See 'flfcri 5-6 and erFo5Q". J=IfocJrq [sanIgadh], "Hfourrr [sanIghadh] Skt f1;fcnt:r adj oily, greasy. 2 soft, tender, delicate. 3 well-wishing, benevolent. "H01 [sani] See 'flfcri. 2 adj soaked in, mixed, kneaded. "sarpi sIta svad s6 sani."-GPs. 'ghi or butter-oil and sugar.' Ft01;re" [sanicar] See 1Rfo 5 and 6. 11Ql:fT [sanukha], RQl:fT [sanukha] Skt FQ"W n wife of one's son, daughter-in-law. "byahkare sabh sutan ke pIkh sahIt sanukha."-GPs. Fffi" [s;me] adj mixed, kneaded. 2 Skt ""R: part slowly, gently, gradually. ~ [saneh] SktFfI n love, affection, friendship. 2 oil. "ram saneh chuti nrIp deh su pacheu mel saneh me rakhi."-hanu. 3 Accolrding to the Nyay (system of Hindu) Philosophy, a quality of water that helps to form a ball of flour, clay, etc. Fffi"-cr f(,)~hJC!i [saneh nIbahl).al, ml"-cr fNlJ<J(') I [saneh nIbahna] kou kahE dahbo kathIn vapu pavak me kou kahE gahbo kathIn SIdhu teh ko t ,
'depth.
kou kahE cahb02 kathIn mrIgraj S;)hE kou kahE <;lhahbo kathIn satrudeh ko, "gva1 kavI" kathIn vIsahbo dusah dukkh kou kahE bahbo kathIn asumeh 3 ko, sabh hi sahIj jaM jiy me umahbo hE mere jane kathIn nIbahbo saneh ko. Fl"7rUT [saneha] a message; communication. "mere pritam ka mE deI saneha."-majh m 4. ~ [sanehi] Skt~adj attached, affectionate, friendly. "R7f3" [sanetl Skt~ advcontinuous, close. "nIjhar dhar apar sanete."-BG 2 n place of pilgrimage, in Kurukshetar, near the spot where Vishnu was seated. See ~ ~
i: 3. 'R"t [sanE] See FI"7r I. "gvar sanE ban bic

phIrE."-knscm. 2 See ml" 2. 3 See"A?51iT.
~F;!""6" [sanE$Car] slow moving. See ~.
'flfcri nB
~ [sano<;lh] See ~. 2 The progeny of
Janamejay's son Ajai Singh and a Brahman woman named Sanodha. "vah jatI sano<;lh kahat bhae."-aje sIgh raj. ~;s [san;)<;lhl See ~. "bhaj sam<;lh des te gae."-VN. ~ [san;)<;lhI], ~ [san;)<;lhi] n Sodhi. See ~ and Rii"~. 2 a sanadhy Brahman. Its derivation is FlO (charity), ~(endowed with or possessed of). He who accepts as alms offerings made to the deity. "brahma ju ke CItt se pragat bhae sankadI. upje tIn ke CItt te sakal san;)<;lhi adI."-kavrpnya. "dino gay sam<;lhIal). mathura m~<;lal mahi." -ramc{}dnka. mf3" [sani''it] Sanakad, the sons of Brahma. "sIddh sanath san::'itan dhyayo."-akal. 'was meditated upon by Sanat Kumars.'
2
3
gaze in the eyes of someone. this horse, have to fight the enemy.
a sacrificial horse; to run this horse. Those who follow
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[san;}d], FI'O"'eO [san;}dan] adj with or F.Pf adj accursed. accompanied by a son. 2 n short form for FI18'H'3t [sapatsati] See Fl3mft. J1c'i''eO. See H(')o(lFoL "sanak san;}d mahes Jll.S' ~ [sapat samudar], Jll.S' FI1:R' [sapat samana."-dhdna kdbir. samudr] See FItI3JiT(l'Rf. J1c'i'lj1:fT '(')' ci'm [san;}mukha na thaQQhiy;}] 'Rlalre' [sapatsar] See R'3"ffiJ. "karr majno -cJc;Ii 2. sen FIOlj1::f-})fT'(')'-~, 'came and sapatsare."-asa chJt ill 1. stood face to face.' Jll.S' Jffiott il'ft3'r [sapat saloki gita] a recitation $ [sanherJ A village, in the tehsil and police of seven quintessential stanzas (saloks) from station Zira of district Ferozepur, which is Bhagvatgita. "babe kahra mE' sapat saloki gita about eight miles to the east of the railway parhda ha."-JSBB. These seven stanzas of station Talwandi. About one fur-long to the the Gita are north of this village, there is a gurdwara built (l) om r tyekak;;ar;} -d 8, s 13. (2) sthane -d 11, s 36. in the memory of Guru Hargobind. It is an ordinary building and an Udasi saint is the (3) sdrvatah -d 13, S 14. (4) kavf -d 8, S 9. priest there. A religious fair is held on Maghi (5) urdhvamul;} -d 15, S 1. (first day of the month of Magh, JanuaryFebruary) and Vaisakhi (the first day of the (6) sarvasy -d 15, S 15. (7) manmana bhav -d 9, s 34. month ofVaisakh, April-May). 'Iforu [sannah] See FI(')TB'. ~ [sapatsagar] Seven oceans, In the 'FI'(').iI'I'J1 [sanyas], J1<'iJITFft [sanyasi] See ~, Purans, these seven oceans are mentioned as of milk, curd, ghi (or butter oil) sugarcane 'RforFft, rTo..rrH' and ~. juice, honey, sweet water, and brackish water. ~ [sanyo] adj mixed; imbued (with) It is also said that each of these oceans FlU [sap] Skt wq, vr to promise on oath; curse. surrounds an island. "sapat dip sapat sagra" swear. 2 Skt ~ n a snake, serpent. "sapE' -var sri ill 4. See 'HOJ'O and ~. dudhu piai."-suhi dill 3. 3 Skt"Wi penis. Jll.S' fFf~ [sapat sfdhdv], FIlB [sapat ~ [sapast] Skt (~ vr to obstruct, make sf dhu] seven oceans. See FP-r3' 'flTOTij'. known, convince.) adj ~z clear, distinct. 2 According to the Mahabharat, the seven 2 evident. obvious. rivers are - Vasvoksara, Nalini, Pavini, Ganga, ~ [sapaks], RLl1:r [sapakkh], FP-l'5 [sapacch] Sita, Jambunad and Sindhu (Atak). 3 The land adj partisan, factional. 2 with wings. between the river Ghaggar and Sindh, in the "turkacch tur;}g sapacch baQo."-kalki. 3 n' a Purans, is called Sapat Sindhu. The five rivers bird. "sapacch uQ jahrge."-dkal. of Punjab and Ghaggar and Sindhu.' 4 See Jll.S' [sapat] Skt VTtr4 n an oath, vow. See F.Il.f vr. "kur sapat ko dos na mana."-GPs. 2 ~ F!tI3' 'Q'T'aT. seven. "sapat dip sapat sagra."-var sri ill 4. fI1..SJj"Q [sapatsur] See W3" 1J(J and ~. 3 adj seventh. "sapat pataIr bas;}tJ."-savEye 'RtI3fij'or [sapatsrfg] Ski ~ A mountain, in the Himalayan range, near Badarinarain. See ill 1 ke. 4 Some ignorant scribe has written sapat in stead of sahas in the carItr 203, viz. ~. "sapatsrfg trh nam kahava. paQu raj "sarah sapat krIsan trIy bari." The correct jahf jog kamava."-VN 2 A hillock, in the text is: "sorah sahas krIsan trIy bari." 5 Ski I Sapatsindhu is the ancient name of Punjab.
J1c'i'~
mq
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2 The following seven rivers are regarded in Chandor range, in Nasik district of the Bombay State. Its height is 4659 feet above sea the Vedas as sacred and the best: Ganga, Yamuna, Sarasvati, Shatdru, Airavati, level. There is a temple of MahikhasurmarMarudvriddha, and Vipasha. 3 In the dani on the top of it, which is also called Ramayan the following seven tributaries of Sapatsring Nivasni. A fair is held there on th Ganga are mentioned as most sacred: Nalini, the 15 of the light halfofChet. ~ [saptak] Skt ~ n a group of seven. Lhadini, Pavni, Chakshu, Sita, Sindhu and 2 a group of seven notes ~, r, g, m, p, dh, n. Bhagirathi. The legend goes that when Shiv 3 adj seventh. squeezed the Ganga from his matted hair these Rtf3" ~ [sapat kukaram] See H3" ~H. seven streams came into being. Rtf3" ~ [sapat jIhv], Fl1-I3' ~ [sapat jvaI] Skt Fl1-I3'or;ft~ [sapatnaricakr] astrological table (1~fGIi1:Cj n seven-tongued fire. Fire is supposed with the help of which various muhurats (auspicious moments) are calculated. to possess seven flames- kali, karali, manojva, sulohIta, sudhumravan)a, ugra and pradipta. (l) The Vayu (windy) vessel ofthe Sun, which ~ [sapatdal] 11 Alstonia Scholaris (also contains planets named Rohini, Svati, Jyestha known as sat-pura, sapt-paran) the leaves of and Ashvani. which are placed by the Hindus in the vanity (2) Dahin (hot) vessel of Mars which contains Mrigshir, Chitra, Mula and Revati. box at the time of marriage. "sapatdal sfduk hr."-GPs. (3) Somyll yessel ofJupiter which contains Ardra, Rtf3" t!ltr [sapat dip] Skt ~ seven islands; Hasat, Purbashara and Uttra Bhadrapada. seven regions of the earth which, according (4) The nii: (rain) vessel of Venus which to the Purans, are surrounded by the seven contains Punarvasu, Utraphalguni, Utrashara oceans. Their names are Jambu, Palaksh, and Purab Bhadrpad. Shalmali, Kush, Kronch, Shak and Pushkar. (5) Jal (water) vessel of Mercury which contains Pushya, Purba Phalguni, Abhijit and It is written in Hindu religious books that king Priyavrat went around the earth seven times Satbhisha. in his one-wheeled chariot and the furrow (6) The urdha vessel of Saturn which has made by its wheel created seven ~eas, and Krittika, Vishakha, Anuradha and Bharani. the regions of the earth surrounded by them (7) Amrita vessel of the Moon wh ich contains Ashlesha, Magha, Sravan and Dhanishtha. came to be known as the seven islands. "sapat dip sapat sagra."-var sri ill 4. "satte rohanI satt var satt suhaganI sadhu na Rl.f3' ~ [sapat dhatu] seven essential e,lhalIa."-BG ingredients of the body which preserve it - 'Rl.l3'01 [sapatni] See ~. blood, chyle, flesh, fat, bone, marrow and Rtf3" ~ [sapat patr]; Fl1-I3' ~ [sapat para))] semen. 2 See rrg. See Fl1-I3' ~. Rtf3" 'Q'TijT [sapat dhara] seven hill states in the FI'tf3' 1..RJlf3' [sapat parbat] seven famous vicinity of Anandpur, separated from one mountains of the seven islands the names of which, as given in the Bhagvat, are: Himvan, another by the hill range. "sapat elhar sabh dhurI mIlao."-PP All the rulers of these Hemkunt, Nishad, Meru, Chaitr, Karni and states were called 22 Dhars. See ~N!lQld. Shringi. 2 See CJC7i 1..RJa3'.
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satokh sarir."-brla thrti m 1. fa1:ft [sapat nsi], 'R1B fucft [sapat nkhi] Skt ~ According to the Mahabharat seven B"~ ~~. great sages are- Marichi, Atri, Pulah, 'RtI'3" ~ oft wit [sapat patal ki bal).i]-sri Pulsatya, Kratu, Angira and Vasishath. beI)i. sen sound coming from the seventh In Shatpath Brahman and the eighth subterranean region. It is the most feeble voice section (chapter) of the Bhagvat these seven which is hardly audible. sages are: Kashyap, Atri, Vasishath, 'RtI'3" y'6t [sapat puri] See FE" ~. Vishvamitar, Gautam, Jamdagni and Bhardvaj. 'RtI'3" ~ [sapat bhumIka] seven states of Wives of these seven sages are: respectively: Aditi, Anusuya, Arundhati, Menka, Ahalya, mind; seven stages of knowledge, which according to the yog and the Vedant Shastar Renuka and Ghritachi. 2 seven types ofsages. are: See fufcr. (l) ;>ubheccha: the best desire, that is, for 'RtI'3" ~ [sapat rag] See FJl.I3il:r 2 and ~. salvation. 'RtI'3" ~ [sapat vayu] See ~. (2) VIcarl).a: attainment of discretion (i.e. the m.r3TR' [saptas], Ffl..f3TIJ [saptasu], ~ [saptasu] Skt ~ 11 the sun, that is like a power to distinguish between the reality and seven-faced horse. "suta saptasu ki."-GPS. the illusion). 'Yamuna, the daughter of the sun.' "kIt (3) tanumansa: attenuation of desires rising patbijan kIt saptasu."-GPs. 2 The sun is in the mind. described as Saptansu, in the Nirukta, as it (4) satvapattI: attainment of supreme has seven-coloured rays, that is, the sun knowledge. assumes seven colours in its rays which are (5) asasaktI: indifference to the supernatural visible in the rainbow. powers. (6) prarthabhavIni: elimination ofall thoughts J=ItI'3'I1J lJ3T [saptasu suta] the Yamuna. See except those relating to God. FJl.f3Tlj . (7) turyaga: attainment of the fourth state of 'R'tf3'(J [saptah], Htf31'()'('l [saptahak] Skt ~ n a week. 2 a job which can be completed in the soul. seven days like a path (recitation of the RtaH [saptam] adj seventh. See E Seventh. scripture) completed in a week. 'RtI'3" }f'3T [sapat mata] Skt W{f ~. seven 'R'tf3'(J oreH' [sapta h karam], 'fIlI3'1(J l.fTO [saptah goodesses who, according to Hinduism, are path] See 'fIlI3'1(J 2. worshipped on auspicious occasions like marriage, etc. They are: Brahmi, Maheshvri, Rtf3T [sapatta] adj respectable, honourable. Vaishnvi, Kaumari, Varahi, Indrani, m.rEr [sapath] n an oath, pledge, vow. See Bl.f vr. Chamunda. 2 mother, step mother, guru's mre [sapad], Fl1-l"fu [sapadI] Skt ~ adv hurriedly, instantly, immediately. "bhram tam wife, queen, mother-in-law, elder brother's ko sam bhanu ke det sapadI urtar."-NP wife and wet-nurse (or foster mother). FItI3fi.r [saptamI], Ffl..f3}-ft [saptami] 11 seventh FItRI'R' [saparas] Sktm 11 sense of touch. day of any lunar fortnight. "saptamI sac-hu RtRfQ' [saparadh] Skt~vrto envy, bejealous; namdhan."-gdu thrti m 5. "saptami satI to wish ill.
'RtI'3"
'RtI'3" ~
[sapat patal] seven subterranean or nether regions of the world are: Atal, Vital, Sutal, Rasatal, Talatal, Mahatal, Pata!. See
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very person, the same person. ) i' handed over, entrusted. ~ [saparbaJ.).parI] In place of~, consigned. See ~eo. 31ft some ignorant scribe has written this text. 'RY'QeO [sapurdan] See ~ . "saparbaJ.).parI arI pad prItham bhaI).iji." 'A"l:f3" [saput] See 'A1]3" and 1Jl!3'. -sewama. 'Suparvan gods, their enemies, the 'A"l:f3T [saputa] See 'A1]3T. demons.' See~. 'A"l:f31 [saputi] adj woman having a son or mRftRr [saparapar] adv conventionally, in progeny. 2 having a dutiful son. certain order, systematically, uninterruptedly. 'A"l:f~ [sapur] adj full, brimming. "drum sapur "sun samadhI agadh sadhu sagatI jIU nIvE."-sClvEye m 2 ke. 2 See ~. saparapar. "-BGK. 'Ritt!" [saped] P ~ ad} white, bright. 'R'tf"R" [sapas] P v~ n a praise, eulogy. 2 a 'Ritw [sapera] See ~. favour. 3 gratefulness. 4 Skt adj'A"-tJTF.r with a 'R'O"t!" [sapEd] See Ri:l't!". noose. 'R'O'w [sapda] n one who keeps or rears snakes. 'Rl.Ptit [sapahi] See fRtl'tm. "Ik dyos bIkhE Ik aI sapda."-GPs. 'W as suffix, at the end of a word, gives the meaning 'Rl/TQT [sapadha] n one who handles snakes; a of~ 'possessed of', 'having'. For example. snakecharmer. 2 See R1-fij"QT. ~ [sapafds] See~. "bahur SIkkh bahu QJR'w~. kar-hI saparas."-GPs. ~ [sapolia] a young snake, snakelet. ~ [sapial] SktBfitcor n milk, which contains mft!" [sapad] Skt ~ vr to tremble, quiver, butter or from which butter is extracted. "tum go. 2 n a tremor, quivering, vibration. 3 movement, speed. "sapad may prabhajne makhtul saped sapial ham bapure jelS kira." ~asa rClVIdas. 'You are milk-white silk, we jale dravat rup h6."-NP 'as movement of the T wind (air).' are mere kiran (black stones).' See cfto 'Rlft3t [sapiti] adj'A"-yEwith love or affection. mfo [sapan] See H"ti'o. "gyan sapan bhae sukh pai."-NP affectionate. 2 Skt fn..ftf'5 n the act of drinking 'Rlf [sapt] See R3", Ff3" and 'Rtf3". together. 3 See fi:Rft3t. ~: [sapid6] annihilation of snakes. See [saptatI] See 'R3O 3. See E seventy. FRrtflf'Q". ~ [saptvayu] See~. 'RY [sapu] n a snake. "sapu pIrai pai."-maru 'A"f1:fu [saprIh], Rl;f1u [saprih] Skt ~ vr to desire, wish or long for, yearn. 2 See fI1:ibr. Cl m 1. 'RY3" [saputJ, 'A1]3" [saputt] adj with a son. 2 a "guru lakhi saprih."-GPS. 'the Guru noble and dutiful son. 3 ideal progeny. perceived the wish.' "babaI).ia kahaI).ia put saput karenI ."-val' ram 'R1;{Tur [sapriha] Sktwr n a desire, ardent wish, longing See FI'fl:ru. "abE gyan ki kin sapriha." 1 m 3. -NP 'A1]3T [saputta] adjhaving a son; with progeny. 2 having a noble son. 'R1;{Tfu' [sapritI], R1IH [saprem] adj with love "Ffl!o [sapun] adj virtuous, pious. 2 See Frm= or affection. 'A"ljo. 'RG [saph] A ~ n a line, row, file. 2 a mat. For offering namaz (a prayer), the Muslims 'RY01f [sapurakh] See R3" ~t:f. 2 'A"-1:fOtf that
Ffl.retT vr. "jo sam hOI sapardha karahi."-NP
'RY~ [sapurad] P
FItRJW [sapardha] Skt
n jealousy, envy. See
R1fr
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stand on it in rows; hence this name. "harr name ke hovhu jori gurmukhI bEth-hu sapha vIchaI."-b<3sJt ill 5. 3 Skt'ff'l] a hoof. ~ [1?afkat] A ~. kindness, compassion. FlGi:far [saphjJg] P J>...jP n an array of warriors; a battle-array. "saphajag me ture nacae."-c<3rrtr 52. 2 See ~. Fl"G'G [saphatl Skt~, vr to open, bloom. burst open. FIG'CC{ [saphatakJ, "J1Gfca" [saphatIkl Skt ~ n a rock crystal, quartz. In the Purans, gods and rishis (sages) are shown wearing necklaces made of it. These days high quality spectacles are also made of it. 2 a magnifying glass. ~ [1?aftalu.l P }C-;; a species of peach that bears fruit in the colder regions. 1'Iiffi' [safar 1A journey, travel. 2 Skt wr:m.. a fish. Here the word saphar is also correct. 3 Skt ~:q:;~ vr to tremble, quiver, move tremulously, become visible. ~ [sapharmma] E Sappers and Miners. See 6. ~ [saphral A 'jP n bile. ~ [saphri] n a traveller, wayfarer. "jIu saphri udar bharE bahI hatuli."~sarill 5. 'as a wayfarer sits at a wayside eatery and fills his belly.' 2 one who catches fish; a fisherman. See~. 3 Poets have used the word 'saphri' as a substitute for '1?aphar' (fish). "cacal jya saphri jal me."-s<3loh. ~ [saphria] See 2 a group of persons sitting on a mat; an assembly, a congregation. "thn sadhu saphria."-brha ill 5. 'R'G"at fi'6" [saphri bhaQar] Dg a store of fish; the sea. ~ [saphal] adj with or having fruit. 2 purposeful, fruitful. "apI tarhI sagle kul tar-hI tIn saphal janamu jagI aIa."-illaru solhe ill 1. 3 having testes; uncastrated.
rna
[saphaldarsanl a fruitful glimpse. 2 one whose glimpse or visit produces good results. "nanak sev kar-hu harI guru saphaldarsan ki."-var g<3U 1 ill 4. ~af3" [saphalmuratI] one whose figure brings some gain or holds out good result. 2 whose being is fruitful. "aradh sridhar saphalmuratI."-guj ill 5. ~ [saphlaJ, 'RGC3 [saphalul See FlGC'5". "tIn ka janamu saphalu hE."-sri ill 3. 'RGl" [saphal A lO.o adj clean, clear. 2 simple, straight forward, honest. 3 chess-cloth, chessboard. "uthavEsapha os lagE na bar."-n<3sih<3t. 4 a line, array or row. "gopan ki un hi si sapha."-kns<3n. 5 y a page. 6 See fAGr. 'RGl" g6 1ga l [sapha uthaul)al to finish a game; to remove or fold up the chess-cloth. See
'RGT.3.
I1G(')t:~110
FJGTfu3" [saphaItl See

~ [saphail
RG'3".
P JlO.o. cleanliness, purity.
am
2 innocence. mrtfar [saphajaglxa n a battle-axe, a chopper. 2 See R"G'itIT. RG'3" [saphatl A .;.Y~ n a recommendation; intercession. "so saphat mam bharEgo."
-GPs.
'R'Glfa'R' [sapharrsl See
~
fA.lil'fdF.1.
mrer.
[saphal] Skt~ n pulsation, twinkling. 2 an acute intellect. ~ [1?afial A ~ adj intercessor. 2 Per the Muslims belief, it is one of the names of Prophet Muhammad because he is regarded as the intercessor for the believers (i.e. the orthodox Muhammadans). ~ [1?afikl A adj showing compassion, compassionate. mfto [safir] A ~n a mediator, messenger, envoy. mi'm [saphil] It is a Punjabi metathesis of~. an enclosing wall; a rampart, bulwark. See
,y:
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He. Shabbath. L Sabbatum F Shabath n the act of taking FrWC [s;:Jphut] Skt FWZ ad) visible, apparent, manifest. "jE dey aIO t;:JS s;:Jphuta."-gu)ri. 'Jai rest or enjoying a holiday. 2 Per belief of the Jews, it is Saturday. According to the Bible, Dev says that the benefit has manifestly accrued to him.' 2 Jai Dev has appeared in having created the world, God took rest on this day. 3 The Christians consider Sunday His Presence. ~ [s;:Jfed], ~ [S;:JphEd] P ~ ad} white, as the Sabbath. See FljFlddtl(')' and 1jW. 'R'S"e" [s;:Jb;:Jd] Skt~ n a sound, tone, tune, note. clear, bright. [s;:Jphot;:Jk] Skt ~ZCf) n a boil. 2 See 2 significant word. 3 dialogue. "s;:Jbd:J hi bh;:Jg;:Jt japde jInu ki bal)i s;:Jci hOI."-asa d m ~. ~ [s;:Jphot;:Jn] Skt~"'l n the act of bursting 3. 4 The Guru's precept. "bh;:Jvj;:JI bIn s;:Jbde or exploding. kIU t;:JriE."-bhE'r m 1. 5 the supreme Being, 'R'8" [s;:Jb] Sktt:rJ; ad) all (of a set or group), entire. the Creator. "s;:Jb;:Jd guru sur;:JtI dhunI cela." 2 P ....:- a night. "s;:Jb raj g;:JSt;:Jill dar hava." -sIdhgosatI. 6 religion, creed. "jogI s;:Jbda gIan sabda bed sabda brahm;:Jl)ah/'-var asa. -tIlag m 1. 3 A ~ a battle, war. "y;:Jlo tej Iill s;:Jb."-ramav. 4 the act or process of 7 a message. "dh;:Jnva<;lhi pIT des nIvasi s;:Jce making a fire. guru pahI sabad pathai."-mdla d m 1. 8 The 'f.I'S"f.I'Tij [$;:Jb$ah] n the king of the night; the verses of Bhagats like Tuka Ram, Namdev etc. are known as "abhang" and those of moon. "$ab;:J$ be;:Jdli $;:Jb $ah;:Jill."-krrsan. See Surdas and Mirabai as "visnupad", the poetic it ~ and tfor ~. JrnY [s;:Jb;:Jh] A $ n a necklace (of beads), . compositions contained in Guru Granth Sahib are called "shabad". A shabad is not a rosary. particular class of metre. Metres of various ~ [s;:Jb;:Jk] A j'" n a daily reading, lesson. types are inherent in the shabads. 9 See ~. 2 a condition. 10 Skt ~ ad) denotation of a word, the ~ [s;:Jbk;:Jt] A ~ the act of advancing. purpose or intent of a word. "n;:J s;:Jb;:Jd bujhE J:JID.i [$;:Jbxl1] A n a night blitz, a massacre na jal)E bal)i."-dllana m 3. 11 See~. of the enemy while asleep. 'R'S"e" nBt3' [s;:Jb;:Jd ;:Jtit] Skt ~ ad) beyond 'Jla"t.I" [s;:Jb;:Jz] P ;; ad) green. mrtItflO [s;:Jb;:Jjpan] n a green-coloured drink; the power or reach of words; indescribable. an intoxicating liquor prepared from cannabis 'R'S"e" F.JCffi:r [sabad $akatI] the power of a word or hemp. "sagre s;:Jb;:JZ pan."-hakayaI 6. by virtue of which its meaning is known. See mr,:r ~ [s;:Jb;:Jj pulau] xan a dish of green f{fu' 4. 'R'S"e" ~ [s;:Jb;:Jd s;:Jtrul)i] n what inheres the leafy vegetable. mr,:r Hit [s;:Jb;:Jj ill;:J!:ti], Ff8tlT [s;:Jbja] P ~;; n a 'enemy' word; the army; what includes the green gemstone, an emerald. 2 the colour of' noise of the enemy.-sanama. a horse that is white with a bluish tinge; iron 'fICI't!' Hl]o [sabad sapun] endowed with the word (knowledge). "guru k;:Jru s;:Jb;:Jd s;:Jpun grey. "pIkh-hu dahni dIsa me s;:Jbja b;:J<;l ghora."-GPs. ;:Jgh;:Jn kat-hI sabhI tere."-SdVE'ye m 4 mrtft [s;:Jbji] n greenery, verdure. :~ a leafy ke. 'he. who is accomplished in spiritual vegetable. knowledge. '
~.
m5 [s;:Jb;:Jt],
mn:r [s;:Jb;:Jth] A
mrca-
c.J7
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[sabadsar] n the true Guru, who is an ocean of spiritual knowledge. 2 Guru Nanak Dev. "durat nIVaral). sabadsare."-saveye m 1 ke. HaeH'H~ [sabadsastr] Skt ~1"'C;~llf?l n grammar; a discipline that tells the correct form and usage of words. mit!" lIE [sabad surat], mit!" lIm [sabad suratI] n concentration on the word so that the soul becomes one with it. 2 the engagement of mind with the Guru's precept. "sakat nar sabad suratI kIU paiE. sabad suratI bIn aiE jaiE."-maru m 1. "sabad surat savdhan ho, bIn gurusabad na sUl).ai bola." -BG 3 the tone and essence get identical. "rag nad sabhko SUl).E sabad suratI samjhE VIrloi."-BG See ~fu and ~. ~ [sabadsur] n the Guru who is the sun of spiritual knowledge. 2 he who has the valour imbibed from the Guru's precept. "sabadsur balvat."-saveye m 2 ke. Haeadal [sabadkarl).i] n the interpretation and its practice; action matching words. "ISU jag mahI sabadkarl).I hE sar."-prabha a m 1. 2 the process of practising the precept ofthe Guru. mI''ltffi' [sabadghar] n the Guru who is the abode of truth. 2 Guru Granth Sahib. Haesddl [sabadtarag] See 'l'>fTdRJ". 2 n a tune. Hae(')lH'~ [sabadnisal).u] the word symbolizing the battledrum; the battledrum of the word; hence, the proclamation ofthe Guru's precept; preaching of God's Name openly (or by the beat of the drum). "dhunI upjE sabadnisal).u."-sri m 1. Haea1<!i [sabadbil).a] n the uninterrupted flow of the spontaneous sounding of God's Name. "bajat nanak sabadbil).a."-sahas m 5. ~ [sabadbedh] n the act of hitting a target through its sound alone (and without seeing
'R'a"t!'ffif
it). Haea41 [sabadbedhi] adj hitting the target in the dark, detected by its sound alone. ~~ [sabadbrahm] revealed sound of the word identified with the supreme Being in scriptural form. I See mf" M. Hadre [sabadbhedI] adj knowing the inner mystery ofthe Guru's precept. "sabadbhedI koi mahalu pae."-majh a m 3. 2 (Peace dawns) by grasping the secret of Logos, and the doctrine of Guru's word (Gurbani). "sabadbhedI sukh hOI."-sri a m 1. 3 See Hae@e1. Hadel [sabadbhedi] Skt ~ ~ adj hitting the target by its sound alone. See HaeSQl and Had fe. 2 n king Dashrath. 3 Arjun. Haer<;eJ'l' [sabadvIdya] scriptural knowledge. 2 the knowledge of grammar. 3 prosody, poetics. ~3t [sabadvntti] See HaeHaf3 and f{fu. m:fT [sabda] Skt ~ adv always, ever. "kyo Im ritI calavat ho, dIn dVEk calE sabda na calEgi."-datt. mrt!'U wfu ~ [sabdah mahI vakhal).iE] -sri a m 1. sen precept being delivered through the Guru's words. HaeiGlWO [sabdayaman] adj sounding, resounding. "bahu sabdayaman jIm gaga."
-Cps.
Ha'da [sabdarath] n meaning ofa word; sense of a sentence. aaIMald [$abdalakar] See nma-ra-. mrfe' [sabadI] n ocean, in which the sound is produced through the waves. "madhal).a parbatu karI netrI basaku sabadI nrkIonu."-var ram 3. 2 the sky, of which sound is the distinct quality. 3 adv by, with or because of the word. "sabadI mIlae gurmati."-maru solhe m 1. 4 in the word,
'See Visnu Puran, Part 6, Ch 5.
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food and display lights on this night. mRit [sabri] A woman of the Shavar sub-caste Fl'81ft. who lived on the bank of Pampasar. She was ~ [sabadI atit] indescribable and a disciple of sage Matang. During his exile, transcendent is the supreme Being. "'sabadI Ram Chandar stayed in her hermitage and atit anahadI rata."-ram namdev. was overjoyed to eat fruits such as jejube 'R"a'fu ~ gfo rftr [sabadI pardhuIlr dhUnI berries. Shavri piled up a pyre and immolated 'an] thundering cloud in the sky, Meghnad who herself before the very eyes of Ram Chandar. produces such a thunder, his enemy the arrow. She is also known as Bhilni. As some poets Fl'81ft [sabdi] n Preceptor is the Guru. 2 Sikh is have mentioned, Ram Chandar ate Jejube he who imbibes the Guru's lesson. 3 Skt~ berries which were already partially eaten by one who utters it; a speaker. "nadi bedi sahdi her. 2 one who has patience. See mN r. moni jam kE pate lIkhaIa."-sor kdbir. mrit;:r [sabrojJ day and night. "sabroj gastam 'Through its music, one attains silence.' dar hava."-trlag m 1. See~. ~ [sabadu] See Rat. 2 religious liD;). "ghariE 'f.!'s-a'or [i;iabr;3g] P ....{~ adj night-coloured; sabadu saci taksal."-jeJpu. 'True religious life hence, black, swarthy, dark. 2 a dark swarthy is thus forged.' horse. Ha~Hr(jl'S' [sabadusohIla] a hymn of the Guru's H"a(i5' [sabal] adj powerful, strong. "rh manua atI sabal he."-sri m 3. 2 with or accompanied precept; a hymn of the Name. "sabadusohIla by the army. 3i Skt ~ dappled, satIguru sUI).ara."-dnadu. multicoloured, variegated. See 11cEt Fl'81? 2. ~ [sabdu] because of the word or the Guru's 4 the two dogs of Yam which had four eyes counsel. "sabdu uea hOI."-asa m 3. 2 from each. Both ofthese dogs were black and white all. mE [sabd;3t] n the end or essence of a word; coloured; hence, the name. 'H"a'l? lIWf [sabal braham] Skt ~tr{ n the the doctrine of the logos. Hatl1dla [sabnigar] n a soap-maker. "'tar ealai multicoloured Supreme Being; one, who associated with Maya, has acquired various hE saban ko sabnigar."-c."i<;fi 1. forms. See Fl'81? 2 and HCGt Fl'81? 2. mrn [sabab] A ~ n reason; efficient cause. mN [sabar] A /." n contentment. "sabar ehu R'8W [sabIa] adj powerful, strong. See Fl'81? "kam karodh nagar mahI sabla."-kalI d m suau."-s feJrid. 2 Skt ~ A low caste tribe which is a branch of the Bhils. 3 Shiv. 4. 2 a powerful woman. See~. 4 Tantarshastar, a specific work in which 'H"a'ffi [sabli] Skt~ a spotted cow. 2 Dg dusk, evenmg. various magical incantations are mentioned. R'aT [saba] A ~ n easterly wind. 2 morning It is said to have been authored by Shiv. breeze. mraT3' [sabrat] ":"'f./.~ fifteenth night of 'R'a"fu [sabaI] pron all. adveverywhere; at all 'Shaban', the eighth month of Muslims places. "sar;3gpaI).I sabaI."-var maru 1 m 1. calendar. According to the Islamic belie1: on God's bidding, the angels distribute food on Jrnl'fu>w [sabaIa], Hi;l'fe;j' [sabaIra], Haife#l [sabaIriJ, ~ [sabaiJ, RaTE' [sabae] adj one this night and also calculate the life span of the people. This is why Muslims distribute and a quarter. 2 pron all, whole, entire. Logos or Name" in the Guru's precept. "sabadI rati sohagI).i."-var sri m 3. 5 See
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"sUI:lIahu 10k sabaIa."-var asa m 1. "thakur ek sabai nan."-oJkar. "rune bir sabae."- vac;f m 1 alahaI)ia. 3 Skt a merger, relationship, union. "purakh ek hE hor sagli nan sabai." -var vac;f m 3. 4 See 'FJ}WI1jf Fhfq. 'fl"8TR" [sabas] a poetic metre which is also called savasan and suvas. Its distinct features are - four lines, and each line organised as: III, 151, I. Example: calat khatag-hI. bhat tan bhag-hI. baran surag-hI. gnat turag-hI.-GPS. 2 See~. 3 having cloth or clothes, clothed, clad. ~ [1?aba1?ab] P ....:-~ adv during a single night. FI'lPU [sabah] n daybreak, dawn. See 'IJ'SU. 2 adj of the night. "cauthE pahan sabah kE." -var majh m 1. 'during the last watch of the night.' 3 to or for all. 4 to deliver, convey.
See~.
hE."-NP 3 See~. [sabara] See ~ and ~. mrfa' [saban] adj with water. "saban nElfa."
mRJT
-ramav.
(;)~ n a bedroom, king's sleeping chamber. 2 an anchorite's closet for meditation. 'fI"ftre [sabId], FJftre':;r [sabIdy] adj learned, scholarly. "prerat sabIdy tarat nIsak."-GPS. mfur [sabih] A ~ n a picture; an icon. 2 an illustration, a citation. 3 adj comparable. resembling. ~ [sabill See ~. R#ftr [sabuddhI]' rrffift [sabuddhi] adj intelligent, wise, sensible. ~u [sabuh] See RljU. 2 A [;Y.'" the Creator; holiest of the holy. ~ [sabulf] See RT. ~ [sabut] A ..:.-? a proof, testimony. ~ [saburi] P J.Jr." n patience, contentment. "sIdak saburi sadIka."-var sri m 1. "sIdak saburi sat na mIIIo."-maru am 5 Jjulia. l18ar fR'ur [sC)"beg sIgh] a resident of village Jambar, near Lahore, who was a Persian scholar and a government employee. In the Bikrami Sammat 1790, Zakaria Khan sent him, as his personal representative, to Amritsar to intercede on his behalf and offer the title of nawabhood and some precious gifts to the Khalsa Panth with a plea to shed violence and to placate them. Because he succeeded in his intercession and invested Sardar Kapur Singh with the title of a nawab he is known as 'Vakil' (i.e. an advocate) in Sikh history. He remained the kotwal of Lahore for sometime and during his tenure he got constructed Shah idganj and several other gurdwaras. Ultimately, on the complaint of the qazis he, along with his son, Shahbaj
Eftm3T [1?abIsta] P
[1?abahat] A ~~. the state of being identical; resemblance, similarity. mrtft [sabahi] See FfaTiJ, ~ and r:rrartit. mr+aru [1?abagah] P ~~~ n night- time. m:J13' [sabat] A J1T8T? n a roofed wayside shelter in which one can shield against the enemy weapons.! 2 Derived from this word, a large room is called ~ in Punjabi. 3 A ..:.-~ steadfastness, resoluteness. mMr [sabab] short form of !RW8'. 2 A ",:",11 welfare, virtue, kindness, a charitable act. "nyay mor kijIye sabab jan apno."-NP 3 A ",:",IJ"" justness in acting and thinking; the right course, rectitude. 4 A ~ youth, prime of life. 'fI"8Tij' [sabar] See ~. 2 H-m adj soaked in water. drenched. "jan bahut dIvas ki Ih sabar
Im'U3'
lAt the time of Chataur war, Akbar had used 'Sabat', See V. Smith's Akbar p. 87.
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Singh, was tied to die on the killing wheel, in Sammat 1802, at Lahore. See ~r;:r ft:fur. 1iSQ [saber], ~ [sabera] n daybreak, dawn. H8''R" [sabEs] Skt ~ adj of the sarhe age. coeval. "ketIk tIn me sakha sabEs."--GPs. ~ [~aboroz] P h" ....:- day and night; continuously. "saboroj ~arab ne jar laya." -ramav. See Ra" 2. mfaro [sabagan] ~-fa1?i" all the limbs; the whole body. "dharo sabagan suddh kesri cir."-paras. ll'a1? [sabbal] hole made for stealing wealth; a house-break. 2 an iron crowbar to drive a hole in the wall. 3 See Wlm. mr.;r [saby] Skt BCIT adj left hand; le:ftsicle. 2 rightside, right hand. "catur banya IE su sabya prahare, ... trItIy bal). IE bam pana calae."-VN. RaJlR'ifl [sabysaci] See M:rtHltfl. mr [sabh] adj all, entire. "sabh upan nanak ka thakur."-suhi chat m 5. Jrn"R" [sabhas], rmFr [sabhsEl part every, each. "sabh jia tere tu sabhas da."~dhaml m 4. 2 part to or for everyone. "pritam manI vaSE jI sabhsE deI adharu."-sri m 3. ~ [sabhkachu], 119fO(s! [sabhkIhu], Frgfu~ [sabhkrchu], ~ [sabhkehu] every thing. "sabh kachu us ka ohu knndlaru." -sukhmani. "sabhkIhu tere vasI hL"-var bIha m 4. "sabhkIchu kita tera hOVE.,,_majh m 5. "gnh terE sabhkehu.":'-'kan m 5. ~ [sabhko], ~ [sabhkOI], ~ [sabhkoi] every being, everybody. "sabhko aSE teri bEtha."-majh m 5. "sabh kOJ: mitha magI dekh."-vaQ cll{}t m 1. "sabhkoi han kE vas I hE."-var bIla m 4. mET [sabhta] See mf.if3T. "sIkkhan ko sabhta darsaI."-GPs. ~ [sabhtu], [sabhtE] Skt 1~ pari' at aliI times. 2 everywhere. "Ihu hanras val). tIlt).
sabhtu hE."-sri m 4. "sabhtE rahIa samaI." -gaua m 3. ~ [sabhdu], HI~ [sabhdu] of all, above all, over all. "sabhdu vaGe bhag gursIkha ke." -varsor m 4. ~ [sabhna], FfI?iTUT [sabhnaha], FIffi'5t [sabhni] to all, for all. "al).magIa dan devl).a sabhnaha jia."-var vaQ m 4. 2 all (nominative). ~ [sabhay] adj fearful, afraid. 2 See ~ 2. H!!Jd~IM [sabharval] a subcaste of Khatris among the Khukhrains. The Khatris of this group engage in agriculture also. "patne sabharval hE naval nIhala suddh paral).i."
-BG
~ [sabhrai] adj outshining or surpassing
all; most illustrious; the principal queen. "sa kulvati sa sabhrai jo PIr kE ragI savari jiu." -majh m 5. 2 n sister ofBaba Pheru, the father of Guru Angad Dev. She is also called Phirai and was married in Khadur village. 3 See
R3!!Jd 1el.
[sabha] adj all, entire. "jal).-hI bIrtha sabha man ki."-asa m 5. "apI tana sabha sansatI chaGavE."-var ram 2 m 5. 2 Skt n an assembly, meeting. 3 a council chamber, court. "gursabha ev na pai."-var sri m 3. 4 a court room of a king. ~ [sabhasad] n a member of an assembly or a court, a courtier. HI'fR'dlid [sabhasfgar] adj a gem ofa gathering; perfect in beauty, qualities, strength, prudence, etc. "sabhasfgar baGe manukha." -BG 2 n a king. 3 a poet. 4 a scholar. mrr h [sabha br] See ReB fl::rur. 2 daughter of raja Hamir Singh, king ofNabha, who was married to sardar Sahib Singh of the Bhangi misl. 'R"JlOT [sabhag], FffiTalT [sabhaga], Ffi3lOft [sabhagi] adj fortunate. lucky. "bujhE bujhanhar sabhaga."-gau kabir. 2 n a devoted follower
'R'JT
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ofGuru Nanak Dev. 3 a devotee ofGuru Arjan Dev who was a resident ofthe village Chuhnia and was Arora by caste. 4 a Sikh from Peshavar who had brought five horses from Kabul and presented them to Guru Hargobind in the latter's court at Hargobindpur. "dhani bac;lo aru nam sabhaga."-GPs. ~ [sabhaj] Skt B'l'fT\iL. vr to serve; to please; to satisfy. FJ31i1c') [sabhajan] Skt n the act of worshipping; praise. 2 See ~. ~ [sabhaja] adj who worships. 2 who pleases. See 'AW'il vr. "mIthIla pun raja. janak sabhaja."-ramav. 3 a transform of ~. 4 H-~. together with one's wife. ~ [sabhapatI] n the president or chairman (of a meeting). ~ [sabhamac;lan] an ornament ofa group, society or gathering. See HelifAdl'd. FI'ftr [sabhI] pron all, entire. 2 all of, entire. "sabhI gU)) tere mE nahi kOI."-japu. ~ [sabhit], Rilf3" [sabhitI] adjfearful, afraid. H[ [sabhu] pron all, entire. See mr and Fffi". "sabhu jag apI upaIonu."-vaQ m 3. H[Cl [sabhuko] See m. ~ [sabhut] adj alongwith or including the elements. 2 alongwith the attendants of Shiv. 3 alongwith or attended by a creature. 4 See
Fl'~3".
H#aro [sabhagan] all the limbs, the whole body.

See~.
[sabhyl adj a member of an assembly or a court. 2 worthy of sitting in an assembly; good mannered and educated; civilized. ~ [sabhyta] n the capability of sitting in an assembly, court, etc.; civilised manners. 2 culture. nobility, civilization. FIH [sam] a figure of speech (depending on the sound of words) in wh ich a proper relation of the concerned objects is mentioned. Example: jau ham badhe moh phas ham, prem badhan tum badhe.-sor ravIdas. 'If we are entrapped in the noose of delusion, you are bound in the bond of love.' turde kau turda mIlE uc;lte kau uc;lta, jivte kau jivta mIlE mue kau mua. -var suhi m 2. rup damodan ko jIm sGdar tyo hangobfd rup vIsala, en sakhi ! yahI jori juri sam jivhu bhog bhugo cIrkala.-GPS. jIm jitbr tan rura. tIm dulah ban gun pura, Ih sGdar Iksam jori. mIl jivhu barakh karori.
Jrn'jJ
-GPs.
(b) Depiction of the qual ities of the cause is its second form. Example: ~ri guru bani path kar kyo nahI hOVE gyan? gyanrup satIguru ne ~ri mukh kari bakhan. 'The true Spiritual Guide, who utters bal)i, is a manifestation of spiritual knowledge, therefore, spiritual knowledge inheres his composition. ' (c) Its third form is when the result striven for, gets achieved without any effort or hindrance. Example: gurunanak ke daras hIt lalo cahyo payan,
[sabhel adv all, entire. "sabhe gunah bakhsaI laIonu."-asa am 3. ~. [sabhr] See~. "kahu ravIdas sabhE nahi samjhasI."-ram. 2 all without exception. "sabhE ghatI ramu bolr."-mali namdev. 3 civilized. "soi ram sabhE kahE soi kautkahar."-s kabir. 'There is a difference between the uttering of (the word) Ram by a civilized person and by an acrobat.' ~ [sabho] adv entire, all. "sabho vartE hukam."-var sri m 3.
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ay dvar pdr turdt hi $ri guru thaq.he an. 2 an even number; a pair. 3 in music, the instant from which rhythm grows. 4 like, equal, similar (to). "jo rIpU ko daro na Sdm $er."-GPs. 5 Skt '1m, vr to make peace, pacify. 6 n peace. 7 restraint of mind. mental peace. 8 P ( a finger nai I. See RHl=t~r. 9 A ( poison. H'HiIw [sdmdula] adj with maula. See HW. 2 thoroughly mingled or merged. 3 overjoyed, ecstatic. "gU!) gavdt gu!)i sdmdula."-var kan
m5.
'RHfu>w [sdmdIa] adj merged, mingled. "hdrI

namI sdmdIa."-var suhi ill 3. FIl-!E [sdmde] Skt~. in time (of), at the time (when). "sarir sVdsath khil). samae."'-sdhas m5. RHFT [samas] a beard. See ~. "pdkar samas te brahm ruayo."-rudr. "sdmas In~'no tdm cdhI SdSI ghera."-GPs. 'The beard is the darkness, as if it wants to surround the moonlike face.' 2 A the sun. "samas manfd prakas nay."-GPs. 3 short form forro-rR' ~. "pir brfd jdhf SdmdS sdmet."-NP. See ro-rR' ~F.f. F.lHR'J:fTO [$amas xan] a companion ofMukhlas Khan, an official in the royal army, who fought against the sixth Master in the Ibattle of Amritsar. See clFddlFae~. 2 a military commander of Doaba whose real name was Nur Khan. He was killed by the Khalsa Dal in Sammat 1768, near Raipur. m-rFI'8' [sdmdsdt] Skt rn-n;r adj entire, whole. 2 HH-~ is equal to, equals. "SClIClb jid samClsdt."-maru a m 5. FIl-IFI'3Ff3' 'Q'1}f [sClmdsCltClsClt dham;}]--japu, sen whose display or manifestation is everY'vvhere. 2 whose abode is everywhere. F.IHR' 3'8'ffi:r [$ClmClS tdbrezJ, BHFf 3"CRfF.fr ["ClmCls tClbrezi] 1..1 a Sufi fakir whose actual name
u>
u>
was Makhdum Shah Shamsuddin. He was born on 17 th Rajab, 560 Hijri, at Sabzvar, in Gajni. TO!;lring India, he came to Multan. On a complaint from the bigoted maulanas that Samasuddin claimed 'dndl hClkk' (l am the Truth, God), he was flayed by the order of the ruler of Multan. His shrine is situated there. The Hindu and the Muslim followers of his sect are known as "Shamsi." 2 There was another mendicant, named Shamsuddin Muhammad, who was a resident ofTabrez. He was born in 603 Hijri. Once he revived a dead body by giving it the order to rise up. For this offence, Alauddin Mahmud got him flayed and throwl. into a well in 645 Hijri. There is a legend about him that once the sun came down to roast a fish (according to some writers, the flesh of a dead ox) for the hungry Samas Tabrez. Maulana Rumi, the famous poet, was a disciple ofthis noble soul. Some poets, like Bhai Santokh Singh, have messed up the legends of these two saints. mn:r3t [sClmClsti] See 'FlH1jt. ~ RWH [sdmClstul sCllam] sen wOl1hy of obeisance from all. "sdmdstul sCllame."-japu. 2 See FlWJ-f. ~f<wrm [sdmastulmvasi]-japu. dwelling in all. ~ [samastopraji]-japu. adjthe Creator of all. 2 He colours all and because of Him the universe appears multi-hued. 'RH'RO [samsan] See RJ-fT'R7). F.IHR' 'S'or [$amas beg] a general in the army of Sahjahan who was killed in the battle of Gurusar Mehraj by Bhai Jatimalik-a general in the army of Guru Hargobind. 'A'HFI"a' [samsar], 'A'Hrrfo [sdmSdrI] adv resembling, like. "un SdmSdrI aVdr nd date." -gau m 5. "bura bhdla dUI SdmSdrI sdhiE." -mam solhe m 5. 2 See ~.
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F.IHF.t-a- ftftft [t:>amt:>ere hfdi] P J Po? a sword
P J~ n maIjorana, a tree of the cypress family which is used as a metaphor to show the height of a person. L Marjorana. FJ'HRT'i') [samsan] Skt R-fF.fT7i n a burial or cremation ground. F.rHFft[t:>amsi] A adj solar; of or relating to the sun. 2 See BHFr 3CRtt.r 1. F.JHJ1tflo [t:>amasuddin] See BHFr ~R. E'Ifih:r [t:>amt:>er] P n one that has the shape ofa lion's nail. scimitar. "jug gar maIn sobhat samser."-GPs. "her samser samser teri pal pal."-GPs. 2 like a lion.
~ [t:>amt:>ad]
?"
of India, which was considered excellent in ancient times. "barClhnClh yClke teg hfdosta."
-hakayat.
~ [sClmClt:>tI] Skt n an aggregate, entirety,
the whole. [sClmClst] adj all, whole, entire. [sClmClsti] See FrHJ;f. "SClmClsti nIdhane." -japu. 2 F.l'l-ffl:J. 'It is auspicious or propitious.' 'R"H"fr.iIT [sClmasya] Skt n a short, meaningful ~entence. 2 a I ine or sentence meant to complete a stanza; a verse set showing the metre in which a poem is to be composed. 3 a meeting, gathering. "sClmClsya jyo kyo tum kClriClhI."-GPS. 4 a complex matter or issue. S a hint, clue, tip. H'Hl!"i'i7i' [sClm-sranCln] ~ -fT?i7). It is an antonym of~; beard on the face. See
thai praI).pati han sClmka."-sar ill 5. 2 correct, proper, right. m-fW'l? [samkal] n the same time, same moment. m-f~ [sClmkaIIkJ, ~T [samkaliJ, ~ [sClmkalin] adj contemporary. F{}f6f [sClmClkt:>], m-'il:f [sClmClkkh] Skt ~i;1 adv before the eyes (of), face-to-face, apparently. FI1fOTOl [sClmClgri] See FfT}fd'J't. "purCln bhCli sClmClgri kClb-hu nahi tut."-bIla ill 5. RHo] [sClmClgr] Skt adj all, entire, whole. [sClmClgrI ka J, F1HOJT [sClmClgri] See flTJ-!Ojt. "sClgClI samClgri teria."-bIla ill 5. mfUIT [sClmClgha] Skt FJHUl' adj cheap; without incurring much expenditure. See FRJUjT. 2 got merged or absorbed. "hClrI ClsthIrU seVI sukln samClgha."-suhi ill 4. 'l1'H'iir [sClmClcch] See FIJ-fEX.
m-rFarw
RHlft
'RH1J
m-r;:r [sClmClj] n a jungle, forest. 2 a herd (of
animals). RHfu [s Cl m Cl jI J, HHf;::r})fT [ s Cl m j I a], FIl-ItIJfT [sClmjya] Skt f[~ n fame, renown. 2 an assembly, association. "p;'ic bhut ek ghClrI rakhIle sClmCljI."-SavEye ill 2 ke. 'The gang of Cupid is kept under control at one place.' "Clsajy;'i sajI sClmjIa."-sahas ill 5. 'Avarice through its influence gets indecent actions done not only privately but publicly too.' HmI' [sClmCljh] n full of correct perception; accurate understanding or knowledge. "sClmCljh nCl pClri bIkhE rClSI rClcIo."-jEt ill 9. row 'lJ'5' [samCljh sujh] n a proper perception and understanding. "samjhE SUjhE pClp pClp bujhE."-oakar. ~ [sClmCljhI).a], FI1-f'5'OT [sClmCljhna] v to know, acquire knowledge. "sClmjhClt nClln re Cljan !"-jEja ill 9. ~ [sClmjhauI).a], ~ [sClmjhavI).a] v to impart knowledge; impress on the mind (of).
"sClm-sranCln syam bhClli upmahi."-NP. [samsru] Skt ~. n a beard, moustache. ~ ~ o:iI"1iT [sClmsruk"itClk nyay] See (jJ[TlJf. ~ [sClmahII).a] v to mingle (with), merge (in). 2 to be engrossed or absorbed. See Fl'I-fTfu3-. "vIsmade vIsmad SClmClhII).a."-BG m-Rft [sClmhi] merged (in), mingled (with). "joti jOtI sClmhi."-sar m 5. 2 just like; similar to. ~ [sClmClk], Fl1-faT [sClmka] Skt WlTcfl, part
~
~.
properly, thoroughly. "nanClk drIstaIo srClb
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mrc [samat] See mfzo. 2 Skt FmfJ1. adj

industrious; courageous. "samat sag sagrah."-paras. ~ [saml).e] merged (in), mingled (with). "saI-I salal samJ;le."-nat m 4. 2 similar, compatible. 3 of one colour, or caste. m-B [samat] SktF!l-1i n equality, comparability, non-partisanship. "kheI-hI samat sarI." -savcye m 2 ke. 'You play the game of impartial ity.' "dukh sukh ua k samat bicara."-bavan. 2 Skt RJ-n;f adv everywhere, all over, throughout. "harI samat nIvasi." -marl! solhe m 5. ffif3'R"a" [samatsar] a lake or sea of equality. "cahak tat samatsare."-savcye m 4 ke. ~ [samatsan] a game of equality or impartiality. See HH'3" 1. FTH3T [samta], FfH~ [samatu] See HH3". "satIguru purakhu daIalu h jIs no samatu sabhkoI."-var gau J m 4. Fl'l-fQfi? [samtuII] of equal or same weight. "tas samtuII nahi an kou."-mala ravIdas. HHEr [samathj, ffi-flJ [samathu] Skt FfH"Ef adj strong, powerful, competent. "samath akath sukh data."-bIla m 5. "bhJjall ga!"all samathu."--savEye m 4 ke. 2 Skt n peace, calmness, tranquillity. 3 a minister. m-rt! [samad] adj proud, haughty. 2 addict. 3 ~ careless, independent. 4 n God; the Creator. mreJ:flO [samadxan] See ~ ~O. ~ [samdarsi] Skt ~~, adj viewing equally; impartiall. "so samdarsi tatu ka beta."-sukhmani. 2 See t:OFI?l. ~ [samdaI], J1}f'F!2 [samdalu] n equality in a group or community; global equality; unity in diversity. "ravIdas samdalu samjhav kou." -sri. ~ [sam;~d!"a] adjhaughty. 2 addict. 3 proud or valll.
adj proud or haughty (female) mrf'J:rt'c [samdIsatI] See ~. ~FfCT [samdnsta] Skt ~CT adj impartial, unbiased. "gurprasadI llanak samdnsta." -g5Q m 5. FiHftIHfc [samdnsatI], ~FliT [samdnsti] Skt~. n impaliiality. "mItr satru ham kau samdnsatI dIkhai."-var vaQ m 4. m-n:rr [samdha] Skt -m'1i~""l fuel wood for the sacred or sacrificial fire. 2 Skt Biliu wood. "man tall samdha je kari anu dIn agallI jalaI."-sri m 1. 3 fire. 4 Skt ff~~ adj prosperous, affluent, wealthy. "so gharu Iadha sahajI samdha."-vaQ chJt m 5. "et!"Ia VIChu so jan samdha."-var gl!j 1 m 3. "namI rate sei jan samdhe."-var bIla m 3. 5 very large. FI1-Itit [samdhi] Skt ffcm n a relative; relation. kinsman. 2 father of a son-in-law or of a daughter-in-law. "hot bhayo samdhin ko mel."-NP 3 even-minded. equanimous. FIl-lit [samdhe] See RHLfT. FTHO [saman] Skt ID-lO. n violence, murder, destruction. "jake an sam na vIghan gan samna."-GPs. 'who is peerless in destroying a host of impediments.' 2 peace. 3 Yam, the god of death. 4 cereals, food (in general). 5 an injury, hurt, blow. 6 disrespect. 7 Skt ~~ body, physique. 8 face, countenance. 9 Skt ~ a social or cultural gathering, an assembly. 10 P d a jasmine. 11 A adj eighth. 12 P an idol-worshipper, idolator. FlHfq3" [samanvIt] Skt adjproperly combined, included. ffiil.I?) [sampan], Fl'l-ll-ro [samappan] Skt ~ n entrusting, handing over, consigning, dedicating. "jiu samapau apl).a."-o5kar. "tInar say sahas saIDap-hI."-savcye m 3 ke. FIHfu>,j' [saIDbIa], F!HfuJl>lf [sambIya] Skt adj not liable to change, immutable, imperishable,
mrer [samada]
if
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eternal. "bhav bhut bhav sambIya."-guj jedev. 'Immutable are the past, present and future.' m-n:;r [samay] n time. 2 Skt FHGf arrogance, conceit. 3 astonishment, surprise. RHtiIil [samyal)i], ~ [samyani] n a river. In arrogance (FHGf), the river cuts its banks and uproots the trees, therefore it is termed ~ (the conceited one). See ffifljf 2. IDfW [samya] Ski part near, close by. 2 Ill. within. FIHlifTOT [samyana] See ~. mRf [samar] Skt n a war, battle. 2 Skt FHQ Kamdev, the god of love. 3 recollection, remembrance. 4 a variation of ,chappay' metre in which there are 35 guru and 82 laghu matras. SA; fruit. 6 result, reward, outcome. 7 A / a narrative, story. 8 the act of storytelling at night. ~ [samarkad] ;;;/ a famous city, founded by king Samar near Bhukhara, in Turkistan; some call it the place whose fruit is sweet as sugar. 'R"H'61f [samarakh] adv angrily. "purakh samarakh-hI kin ucaru."-NP ~ [samaral)] Skt ~ n recollection, remembrance, contemplation. ~ [samarl)en] Skt ~ (the third case) by remembering, recollecting or contemplating. FIJfall [samrath] Skt "R'-!Cf, RHEf adj powerful, strong. 2 capable, competent. "sarab kala samrath."-bavan. 3 comparable. "ham han SIU dhara kia jIs ka koi samrath nahi."-asa
[samratha] Skt FJTJ-!tfr;r power, strength. 2 capability, competence. HH'al3 [samrathu] See RH"<JEf. RJ-RJl.f(f [samarpal)], FIJ-fOl.fO [samarpan] See
FIlfaaT
m-l'l...fO. m-RJi3"a" [samratak], ~ [samratkar] n that

which ends a war; the sword.-sanama. 2 Shiv, the destroyer of Kamdev (FHQ). Rl-RJTEr [samrath], m-RJTEIT [samratha] powerful, strong. See 'R'J-fO'Ef. "nanak parbraham samrath."-gau m 5. "mera guru samratha." -gaua m 5. ~ [samran], ~ [samrari] enemy of war (ro-ro); a fugitive, a deserter. 2 Fl-RJTf'o Shiv, the enemy of Smar (Kamdev). m-I2 [samrul, ~ eft iloTH [samru ki begdm] His real name was Walter Reinhard but Somers' was his surname, whereby he came to be known as Samru. He was born in 1720 of French and German parents. At first, he was recruited in the French navy and thereafter he served in the English army. Having resigned from the service of the English, he served Mir Kasim, the nawab of Bengal, and in 1763, he killed the Resident of Patna and many English people. He was a brilliant scholar of Persian. Through his own efforts, he established his own state in Sardhana. 2 He died at Agra in 1778. Begam Samru was the daughter of Lutaf Ali Khan. Her real name was Zebunnisa. She was born in 1751 and married Samru in 1765. After the death of her husband in 1778, she looked after his army and the state efficiently. She employed Europeans like Thomas and Levaso and valiantly fought many battles. The
'Some writers have spelt it as 'Sombre'. 'The Sardhana region lay between the Ganges and the Yamuna Doab. This city is situated 12 miles in northwest of Meerut.
m4.
[samarthan] Skt m-rtf?l n asking, begging, soliciting. 2 backing or supporting with the help of reason or argument; corrobrating; confirmation 3 decision. R')-ffi'Ef ti''Ef [samrath path] proper. "sabh dIn ke samrath p;'lth bIthule."-dev m 5.
}l}f"QEI(')
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Begam married Levaso in 1793. After two years, Levaso committed suicide and the Begam was arrested. But she was released and reinstated with the help ofThomas. From 1805 she started to rule under the suzerainty ofthe English and her territory extended from Muzaffarnagar to Aligarh. She was very liberal and generous. She got many churches constructed and also participated in the propagation of this religion. Samru ki Begam died on 27 th January, 1836. "samru ki begam ne sara. bie aI tha kaj sudhara."-PP ~ [samrupak] See ~'(a) 'RHl? [samal] See F!1Ym)T. 2 Skt adj dirty, filthy. 3 Skt ~ n a sin. 4 blame, blemish, stigma. 1'JH'li5('jT [samalna] v to be alert, cautious or careful. 2 to remember, recollect. m-J1'5T [$amla] P .Jf n a sheet (of cloth) worn on the shoulders. 2 the loose end of a turban, left hanging on the shoulders or at the back. ~i30 [sam1oean] adj impartial, unbiased, viewing everyone equally. "sada gavhI samloean."-scwEye mIke. ~ [samvarti] Skt~,adjnon-partisan, impartial, viewing equally, unbiased. 2 n Yam, the god of death. 3 Guru Nanak Dev. ~ [samavay] Skt n ~'l1>3Tq a un ion, combination. 2 a mass (of people); a multitude. ~ mm [samavay s;')b;')dh] n relation between cause and effect, as thread and cloth have an inseparable connection. ~ [samavayi] Skt ~;:r, ad} related, kindred. 2 inseparable cause as clay for making an earthen pot. mrr [sarna] Skt n a year. 2 a season, weather. 3 half a year, three seasons. 4 Skt time (in general). 5 A ~ th(~ sky. 6 candle. 'R1-fTfI [sarna u] See 'R1-fTfI~" an d Frwfu. 2 S knowledge, learning. 3 heaven, paradise. ~ [samaul).], 'R~ [samaul).a] to merge,
become one (with), coalesce. "sabadu ratanu jItu manu laga ehu hoa samau."-cmadu. 2 to merge the individual light (i.e. soul) with the eternal light (the supreme Soul); to give up the ghost, and merge into the ultimate Being.
See~.
HWfu [samaIl See~. "nanaksaeI samaI."

-var sar m 3. 2 practice, exercise. "nau lEnI aru karanI sarna I ."-sava mI. 3 achievement. "harIrasu sadhu hatI samaI."-asa m 5. 4 absorption, destruction. "mal haumE jaI samaI."-sri m 3. 5 adj attended by or under the influence of Maya. "dukh mahI saVE samaI."-sri ill 3. 6, Fr-}fl;lT with compassion. "deda njak samaI."-var sar m 3. 7 A tk listening to music or singing. 8 rapture, ecstasy, contemplation. "tau darsan ki karau samaI."-tIlag mI. "janu kari sarna I pathal).i SUl).kE rag ml."-caQi 3. 9 A ..::.J'~ the act of hearing. "kani suratI samaI."-var majh m I. 10 Skt'F}ft;f n arrogance, pride. "koi bhikhak bhikhIa khaI. koi raja rahIa samaI."-asa m I. 11 See ffifltiL ~ [samaIa] adjmingled, merged. 2 with or under the influence of Maya. ~ [samaIl).], ~ [samaIl).u], Fr>-f'fEo [samaIn] to merge, commingle, be immersed (in). 2 n rennet or sour milk used to produce curd. "dudhu karam phunI suratI samaIl).u."-sulli m I. 3 destruction, ruin, annihilation. "labI lobhI ahi'ikarI mata garabI bhaIa SamaIl).u."-asa chat m 5.4 Skt PH'Gl7i' laughter, joking. 'R}f\'fuw [samaIla] merged (into), commingled (with). "nama saeI sarna Ila."-prabha. 'FfHT'E'T [samail n peace; forbearance. 2 pervasion. diffusion. "ghatI ghatI rahIa samai."-mala a mI. 3 absorption. "UpjE nIpjE nIpajI samai."-gaukabir. 'absorbs.' 4P J,P petition, hearing. "moln anath ki karahu
e-
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samai."-gau m 5. 6 See ~ F1i-fTEt. 7 See
J=!H1'fu 7 and 8. '\lare sekh jse samai samae."
-cantr 335. 'The Sheikhs were laid low in the battlefield in such a fashion as if they had been engrossed in listening to music.' m-rn [samas] Skt n RJf->m1 the act of sitting together at one place. 2 gathering, collecting. 3 According to grammar, the concept or method of forming one compound word from several simple ones. For example, there is compounding in words like ~.I 4 an abstract, abridgement. "duje hUI VIt vyas samas."-GPs. 'The second quality of a speaker (orator) is that he should know how to expand and abridge his speech.' 'RlfTH7) [samasan], 'R}fTffif [samasam], m-rfJ:m [samasIm] A plural ofFP-lfFlH3" red insects; They come out of their holes during the humid heat ofthe rainy season. "manhu pekh samasan ke mukh dhaI cali mIl juth ahi h."-knsan. 'Female snakes have rushed to eat up the moths.' m-fTfft [samasi] wi11 merge (into) or commingle (with) "jIn seVIa mera han ji, se han han rupI samasi."-sopurakhu. RlfTH~ [samasoktI] a figure of speech (a succinct expression), which imparts veiled knowledge ofa secondary thing through a hint of the principal one. RJ-fTf'c:r3". l1}frfu3' [samalut] Skt adj absorbed in Example: sfghan ki sun garaj ko j;'ibuk hoe m:m.... meditation, meditating (mind). "sahIj rogi nubal sfgh pIkh musa bhae dIler. samadhI samahIo."-kan m 5. 2 dressed (as Here the coward, the king and the vile food), prepared. 3 pure. 4 pervading. "ghatI persons, are hinted at through the jackal, the ghat I rahIo samahIo."-sor m 5. "nanak lion and the mouse respectively. sarab samahIa jiu."-majh m 5. RlfTfi[3' [sama$nt] Skt adj Skt dependent (on); 'fTHTtit [samahi] merges (into), pervades. supported (by). 2 who has found refuge (in). ~ [samahiE] See ro-rru and 'RWiJ'T. "njak 3 connected or concerned (with). samahi."--var ram 2 m 5. lIn grammar various kinds of compounds, such as FIH"g [samahu] See ro-rru. avyayibhav, tatpuru$, samanadllIkaral), dyad etc. are m-fT(JJ' [samag], Fl1-fICJI}f [samagdm] Skt FPf -ff0J}f n a meeting, union, combination. "ek pdl described in detail.
rio
[samah] See ~(!T, ~ and flHTUT. 2 l1-~)-fT(J with enthusiasm, eargerness or keenness. 3 cause to be conveyed or delivered. "sabhna njak samahda pIara." -sor m 4. 4 A ~ V- adj magnanimous, liberal. 5 merciful, compassionate. Fl1-fTCJ'O [samahar] n collection, aggregate, assemblage. "nanak sace saCI samahar."-var ram 2 m 5. 2 According to grammar a kind of a compound, expressing a relationship. 'ffi-l'l'U'QT [samahra], ~ [samahra] Skt ~ Ff-rrf(J;3' adj collected, accumulated. 2 brought together at one place. 3 associated with, joined. "so bhagta manI vutha saCI samahra."-var guj 2 m 5. 4 with pleasure, with delight. "bhaIa samahra hanratan vIsaha."-brla chat m 5. FI1fTUT [samaha] Skt ~:P::rTef~ adj collected, accumulated, supplied. "jia j;:jt sabhI pache kana pnthme njaku samaha."-sar a m 5. "brahamgIani k garibi samaha."-sukhmani. 2 merged or absorbed (in), engrossed (in). "japI nanak bhagat samaha."-sor m 4.3 See m-rrfu3". "ape gUI). gavaIda pIara ape sabadI samaha."-sor m 4. FIl-r'lJ'T'Q [sdrnahar] See FfHT(J"O 2. FIlfl'fu' [samahIo], FI1-fTfurT [samahIa] See
'Rl-f'lU
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sukh sadhsamagam kotI bekuthah pae."-sar candleholder. 2 a lamp stand. m 5. "mIlI sadhsamaglO."-bTla m 5. m-rrfe" [samadI] means such as F.P-R1f. See 2 arrival. 3 coitus, sex. CfCFftl'f3". 'FI'lf'OIT [samaga] Skt ~r adj obtained. n m-f"Q" [samadh] n a memorial at the cremation arrived, merged (in). "dehi mahI deu site. 2 See ffifTfu. samaga."-sor m 1. IDfTQ"m [samadh bhai] a village in tehsil Moga FfHTi1t [samaglO] See FJHTOT}-f. of district Ferozepur. The place has come to FIJiltm [samacar] short form for FJ}f"I"t:Rf~. be known thus because of the memorial (RJ-!TQ") ~ [samacaraD] Skt n good conduct or ofBhai Rup Chand that is situated here. There behaviour. 2 acting upon, practising. is in this village a gurdwara of the sixth Guru "gursabadI samacarIo."-savEye m 4 ke. "lOsi who, while passing through Malva, had come budhI samacari."--brla kabir. "satu sathokhu here. At that time this village did not exist. samacare."-savEye m 4 ke. Pandit Bhola Ram Udasi, a unique scholar of ~ [samacarIo], RJ-Ilmft. [samacari], F~ Nyaya Shastar, belonged to this village. [samacare] See ffi-~. m-rtr" [samadha] Skt rf -IT-LJT n resolution of a 'fI"HTtJl'ij" [samacar] Skt n an account of time. dispute. 2 a reply (to a question). 2 news, tidings. 3 message. 4 usage, custom, 3 concentration of mind on one object. 4 See FI'l-fTl:f'7) practice. RH'tJTij" tr:I [samacar patr] a newspaper. 'RJfTl:fT7) [samadhan] Skt n concentration of 'RWtft [samaci] short form for "R'l-fltft?:~. mind. 2 fortitude. 3 a reply to a question. 4 a m-rrtJ [samaj] Skt n assembly, gathering. 2 a decision. meeting, conclave. 3 a council chamber or mpftr [samadhI] Skt n the act of total hall. 4 an elephant. It is a transform of:RTHtf. perceptual concentration. 2 merger of the See "FP1-IH. mind in the object of meditation. 3 a Vaishya, ~ [samaDau] adj merged, contained, who was a companion of king Surath and a included. devotee of goddess Durga. "samet samadlu ~ [samaDa] adj merged, commingled. samadhI lagai."-c.:'i'Qi 1. 4 a figure of speech "sarbe samal)a apI."-vaQ m 1.2 SktH-}rf'o3". that renders easy the meaning of one word by commended, admired. "jajI kaj vialu suhavlO relating it to the others: othlO mas samaDa."'-var mala m 1. 3 Sc;:e F:nfI?)T. Example: HW<!t [samaDi] adj merged, included. 2 See khIdraDe par sigha ne jad paya hlO ghamsan, ~. maM SIgh ar bhag br sag SIgh pahuce an, ~ [samaDe] to sink into. "kal katak man kari mar $atrun par lOsi dine plOr hI lay, SClmaDe ram."-suhi chat m 3. 2 obliterated, gha yal thake tn kha tur veri bhage pith eliminated. dIkhay. 'Rl-fT3" [sClmat] See HH"lft; 9.2 merges, vanishes, 'The sudden arrival of the Singhs and nonpervades. availability of water helped in forcing the ffiIT3T [samata], ffi-rr3" [samate] adj mingled. enemy to flee.' 5 a religious establishment merged, pervaded. built at the place of cremation or burial of a 'f.1'H1"Ti') [$amadan] P ~-~O. n a cand lestick. person. 6 sleep, slumber.
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[samadhIo] See FI1-fTl'T"ljf. "jah nam 4 got associated, counted. "manmukh tatu na samadhIo."-savEye m 3 ke. jaI).ni pasu mahI samana."-maru am 1. 'The J1Hrf'tTmrT [smadhIhra] adj practising self-wi lied are to be counted amongst animals.' meditation or contemplation. "sadhIk SIdh m-rfo [samanI] equal. See J1H1O. "gur samanI samadhIhra."-savEye m 3 ke. tirathu nahi koi."-prabha m 1. 2 J1-}fl'(')Jf. adj 'RH'irt;r [samadhey] Skt adjsystematic, sequential. honourable, venerable. "te bEragi sat 2 advisable. 3 acceptable. 4 a question worthy samanI."-var ram 1 m 1. ofa reply. ~ [samanIka] a metre, whose each line J1H1O [saman] Skt adj equal, even. 2 merged, is organised as SIS, 151, S. mixed. "joti jotI samano "-bIla m 5. 3 See Example: ~ t:T"2t[ 6. 4 life-breath active in the navel. dhar kE guru gIra. kam krodh tE phIra. 5 respect, honour. "raj duarE sobh saman." $i'itCItt hVE rahyo. labh deh ko 1ahyo. -gau a m 1. 6 J1-}fl?). obey Him, know Him. (b) In the Dasam Granth 'parmaI).Ika' is "carnarbfd na katha bhavE supac tulI called by this name, and each line is organised saman."-keda ravidas. 7 short form forFJTHT7i'. as 151, SIS, I, S. Ff}{l'('iO[T [samanka] See ~. Example: IDfT03T [samanta] Skt n equality, parity, nares sag kEdae. prabin binkE Iae. evenness. sanaddh baddh hVE cale. subir birha bhale. mrror [samana] See ~. 2 n a canopy, -ramav. baldachin, large tent. "uc samana thakur tero, m-r:ol [samani] See ~. avar na kahu tani."-toc;ii m 5. 'The high m-I"Q [samanu] See J1H1O. canopy (sky) is yours and it does not stand on ~ [samanEl is equal, are equal. See ffi-fT7). the strength of anyone else but you' . 3 a town "ravI sasI eko grIhI UdIanE. karI).i kiratI in the state of Patiala that is 17 miles southkaram samam:."-gau a m 1. 'A leper, home and jungle are the same for Him, and so are west ofthe capital. The Samanid dynasty from Persia first settled here, thus giving it its mundane versus glorious deeds.' name. Like in Dhaka, fine cloth was woven mrrtr3' [samapat] Skt F!Jf'li adj finished. 2 Hhere, as is mentioned by several European fT1;f accomplished. writers. A resident of Samana, Jalaludin Jallad FIlfl1.I"fu' [samapatI] Skt'FfHTf1I n the end. 2 gain, assassinated Guru Tegh Bahadur in Delhi, The an achievement. Saiyyads of this place issued a fatwa to mrtiI' [samay] See FI'l-fTfu. 2 a village in nizamat slaughter the younger sons of the tenth Guru. Barnala tehsil Mansa, state of Patiala, also The executioners who tortured and killed known as Samha. A gurdwara in the name of them were of this place. That is why the Guru Tegh Bahadur is situated a furlong away Khalsa led by Banda Bahadur captured the towards the east. When the Guru was returning town in Sammat 1766 (year 1708 AD) and from Kheeva Kalan, news came that a group punished the sinners. from Peshawar region on way to Anandpur Guru Tegh Bahadur travelled to Samana was arriving to obtain his blessing. The Guru from Bahadurgarh, but the place where he rested here under a wild caper tree. camped is now outside this town. See ar;tt~. The pilgrims offered dry fruit and several
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other presents to the Guru. They were delighted upon meeting him and hearing his precept. The gurdwara and houses around are pucca; the priest is a Namdhari Singh. 40 ghumaons of land given by the Patiala state are attached to the gurdwara and an earthen track connects Narindarpura railway station with the village 9 miles north of it. m-fTa" [samar] Skt FJ-fT(J n to ponder. "han: han nam samar."-sri m 4 pahIre. "satrguru srkh kau jia nalI samarE."-sukhmani. ~ [samarau] to remember (the name of God). "samarau nalTI."-";asa m 4. FfHTofFf [samaras:E], 'mfr;;fFfT [samarsi] remembers. "apne prabhu kaukJ:u na samarasr?"-maru m 5. 2 reminds. m-rra3' [samarat] Skt ~ adj associated with memory. 2 n the Dharam enunciated by the Simriti to regard, for worshipping, the five gods (Vishnu, Shiv, Durga, Ganesh, Sun) as of one form. ~ [samaran], 'l11-flQ7iT [samarna] v to improve, amend, correct. 2 Skt n to remind. "sumatr samaran kau."-sav,~ye m 4 ke. FIl-fT'fu [samarI] See FfHTO. 2 adv having memorized. "un samarr mera man sadharE."-dev m 5. Jll-ITfuw [samarIa] memorized. "jrnr harr harr nam samarra."-gau var 1 m 4. 2 improved, amended. ~ [samari] one who improves, amends. 2 one who remembers, memorises. "kade na vrsari andrn samari."-dhana chat m 4. ~ [samar] See 'F1Wa". ~ [samaI], Fl1-fTNfJ:r [samaIasr], Rrrm:IT [samaIsi] See m-fTa", m-rfm1 and RWa"Fft. ~ [samalan] See ffifTO?l. 2 See mr"'io. mrrfl;s- [samaIr] safely. 2 cautiously. "sahu sujal)u hE IEsi vasatu samalr."-sri m 1. ~ [samaIu] See }1i31~.
[samaIen] remember. 2 safeguard. ~BO" [samalocna] Skt n a careful appraisal. 2 a critical evaluation. See ~BO". ~ [samavan], ~ [savavna] See~. "krth-hu UpjE kah rahE kah mahr samavE." -var basat. 2 to breathe one's last, leave this body. "janyo sabhrn samavan bhae."-GPS. ~ [samave] See ~ and ~. ~ [samave~] Skt ('FIIf-fT-fu:r) n condensation of many meanings into one. 2 obstinacy. 3 an entry, admittance. 4 a comprisal. 5 a resolution. ~ [samavE] See ~ and ~. Hfi.r' [samra] n time, hour. "nanak samro ramr garo."-s m 9. Fffi.f>,rr [samra] adj asleep. 2 See FlHlJIT. Hfw,fror [samrana] P ~l:"(;. n a canopy, tent. RfHa.rl [samrgri] See Ffl1-fOJT. "sagal samrgri ekas ghat mahr."-sukhmani. 'Ai1-r3' [samrt] See rrfHf3". 2 Skt fFH3' adj blossoming. 3 smiling. "kamlanan yak kahe samrta."-NP 4 Skt 'F.lf>..r3". adj annihilated. 5 serene, tranquil. ~ [samrtpal)r] Skt 1i1[1i,qIRJI adj who holds fuel in his hand for use in the sacrificial fire. 2 who in his hand holds fuel to offer to the guru. 'Rfi.ff::f [samrtr] Ff-fHf3" adj measured, proven, weighed, balanced. 2 Skt n a battle, war. 3 an assembly, committee. 4 an alliance, a union. 'Rfi.n:r [samrth] Sir Harry G. W. Smith who was born in 1787. After joining the English army 1805, he showed great courage in several battles. He became a junior general in the British Indian Army in 1839. In 1846 he earned a lot of fame by winning the battle of Aliwal against the Sikhs; and in 1847 he became the governor of Cape of Good Hope. He died in 1860. 'Harry Smith' and 'Aliwal' are towns named after him. In South Africa
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there is another town 'Lady Smith' in the name of his Spanish wife. 2 Skt fire. 3 oblation. 4 a battle. F.l'lit [$dmi] Skt n jand, a tree (prosopis spicegara) L Mimosa Suma. See 'Fl'l'hRr and ~. 2 Skt~, adj destroyer, pacifier! deliverer. mfI>w [sdmia] See ro-ft adj peaceful; who is pacified. 2 Skt FI'HW part middle, inbetween. 3 close by. "jaka mit sajdn hE samia. tIsu jdn kdU kdhu kaki kdmia."-gau m 5. ~ [sdmik$dI).] See FlJ-f!5?;. ~ [sdmigdrdbh] Skt F.fJ-l9cJm" n fire; a conflagration produced by rubbing twigs of the land tree which rishis regarded supremely pure for yags and sacrificial fires. mfttfto [sdmicin] Skt adj capable, suitable. 2 entire, complete. m.ft&:o [sdmichdn] Skt ffif -~. ~ n the process ofdeliberating; carefully considering. FlJ-itsr [sdmicha] Skt ~ See FlJ-f!5?;. n a point ofview. 2 an opinion, agreement. 3 a decision. FI"l-fIH [sdmijd take rest. 2 blend in, mix in. "nandk sukh sdhdjI samijE."-ram m 5. 3 is absorbed. 'A"rft3"r [sdmita] adj absorbed, mixed. 2 blossoming, developed. "bujhI SdCU samita."-var guj 1 m 3. m-fttr [sdmipl Skt advnear, in proximity, close. mfh.r3" [sdmipdt] adj very close, very near. 2 Skt H~ n the sky. "mIrdt 10k pdIal sdmipdt asthIr than jIsu hE."-maru solhe m5. FIl-ikr [sdmir] Skt n ffif-iRr. (cool) breeze, wind, air. 2 See fu:r 0TliT. mikn.ra' [samirsut], FIl-ikr 30Gf [sdmir tdnay] n the son of the wind (Hanuman) 2 Bhimsen. FIl-ikr t!T ck" [sdmir da kot] See <k" R1JRr. FD.ftw [sdmila] adj mixed, blended. l'Ilju [sdmuh] adj face to face, in front. 2 upto
the brim. "palI Sdmuha SdrVdr bhdra."-s kabir. 'The pond is full to the brim.' l'IljtJT [sdmuhal See FI'l:fU. m:r'U""fu [sdmuha I] HJj"1:f-fTfu. came face to face. "dvdr kdVdn samuhaI hE?"-paras. 'will come face to face.' Hl.::ftJT3" [~dmuhat] v confronts, faces. msfu [sdmuhI], ffijU" [sdmuhel See ffiju. 'A"Jj"1:f [sdmukh] adj facing, in front. "sdmukh pdramukh kdbI vICrate."-GPs. FIl.:ffi'" [sdmuca], Rtffi [SdmucE], FP.:ftllir [sdmuccdY] Skt ~ n relating or connecting by using a single verb words that are not in consonance with each other, being paradoxical. e.g. murdkh, pac;lIt, kdVi, bhac;l, rajddrbar nil ja rdhe hdn. The verb 'ja" rdhe hdn' applies to all the nouns. 2 a figure of speech, in which many sentiments/emotions are simultaneously aroused in the mind. Example: pEde xa de kath pdr cdli guru tdlvar, $ok knpa pdchtau tdb UdE bhae Ikk bar. (b) If this work is accomplished by many who unite to do it, it is another form of sdmuccdY Example: sudarta YOVdn;) dhdn mIl prdbhuta s6, ndr mdn vIkhe bdhu mdd upjat hE. mfS'3' [sdmucchdt] Skt ~ adj increased. 2 high. "sdmucchdt kE bdhIya gdhI."-knsan. ~ [SdffiujhE] attains knowledge, becomes aware, understands. "sadhu sagdtI mIlI sdhdjI sdmujhE."-BG l'Ilj~ [SdffiUd] n ffif -~~ an ocean, sea. 2 adj blissful; happy. ml~ [sdmud] an ocean. See FI'l.:R". 2 adj bounded. 3 upto the border. 4 n a bay, gulf. "apI SdffiUd apI hE sagdr."-var bIha m 4. ~'R"ClIO [SdffiOO sagdr] adj an ocean extending to the horizon; a sea extending to the border.
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"jeta samOdu sagaru nirr bharra tete augal) hamare."-gau m 1. ~ l:fT [samOd xa] See ~ ~. "R"~o [samOdpan] 11 a potable liquid extracted from the sea; alcohol; wine. "samOdpan pankE. gaji krrpal) pal)I lE."-c'qi 2. 1 ~ [samudar], mJta' [samudar] SI~e ~:f~. 2 xa milk. mf~ [samudradhari] xa one who lives on milk (mfta') alone. mft!!" [samOda] See FrHt:. 2 a disciple of Guru Arjan Dev to whom the Guru expounded the attributes of spiritual versus and non-spiritual qualities essential for salvation. ~ [samudaI], F~ [samuday] SkI n a gathering, group. 2 a battle, war. 3 progress, advancement. 'R'tffi: [samOdI] in the ocean. "nadia atE vah pavhI samOdI na jal)iahI."-japu. ~ ~ [samOdu sagaru] See mft: :WdRf. ~. [samudr] SkI 11 FI"}( -~'t: that which completely wets; the sea, ocean. This is the body of water that covers 3/S portion of the earth. Scholars havE: visualised its five parts as follows: (a) The first, spreading from America to Europe and touching half ofAfrica, is known as the Atlantic. 2 (b) The ocean between Americas and Asia is known as the Pacific. 3 (c) That which spreads from Africa to India and Australia is the Indian Ocean. 4 (d) ArcticS Ocean is the body of water that
'Some think that this text is an error on the part of the writer. The original text is - "su madypan pankE."
'l'l1u J-KJiwoTo. 3RB J-!UT Ff'OTQ.

~Ff'OTQ.
is to the north of Asia, Europe and America and surrounds the North Pole. (e) That surrounding the South Pole is known as the Antartic 6 Ocean. If one considers this carefully, then there are only the northern and southern oceans, the other three are included in them. A part ofthe sea that encroaches upon land is known as 'bay' i.e. Bay of Bengal. The depth of the ocean is not uniform everywhere, but the maximum depth is th irty thousand feet. The tides of oceans greatly influence the climate. The water is less hot or cold according to the geographical degrees of latitude; it is icy cold near the Poles, but the quality of water is uniform everywhere. Scholars have identified nineteen different elements, in which salinity is predominant; the pressure of water in the sea increases by 7 ~ seer per square inch at the depth of every 33 feet. In this manner the pressure of water at a depth of 12000 feet would be 70 maunds per square inch. The light of the sun's rays can penetrate upto a depth of 330 feet, below which this penetration gradually decreases and there is complete darkness below 5580 feet. The waxing and waning ofthe moon has a lot of impact on the tildes. See ~. There has been enormous advancement in oceanography and sophisticated instruments can now measure accurately the depth of the sea, increase in salinity, the movement of the tides, temperature etc. The Purans have described seven oceans. See 'FllBRTiJRf and for an accepted opinion on its origin see RORI". "khar samudr qh;'iqholiE." -maru am 1. 2 an indicator of number seven because the seas recognised are as many.
!:fit Ff'OTQ.
;~RJi~.
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3 FlJ.:R" also means the sky in the Nighantu. FI1::l'C'5l1'f [samullas] Skt ~ n extreme joy, 4 xa milk. 5 adj a coin that has official stamp complete bliss. 2 exultation, heart's desire. on it. 6 wealthy, rich. FIJ;fU [samuh] Skt n a group, community. 2 adv ffiitrlJ3" [samudrsut] n the moon .-scmama. completely, with all customary rituals. "mai 2 If we accept this etymology then fourteen ri, mati cara!). samuh."-sar m 5. See ~ 2. gems and pearls, corals etc. can be called 3 superb imagination. samudrsut. FJ};ftP [samuca] See m.ftltiT. ffii~3" tre" tRr [samudrsut dhar car] n son of F!lj'ij" [samur] P ~;r- a sable fox, the skin of the ocean, the moon; the sky that holds it and which is worn as dress by rich people; sablethe arrow roaming therein.-scmama. 2 a bird. fur. 2 Skt ~ deerskin that students sit on 3 a cloud. while studying the Veds. ~lJ3" tre" tre" [samudrsut dhar dhar] n the F!lj~ [samuratu] n an auspicious hour, lucky time. "bhalo samuratu pura."-sor m 5. 2 adj moon-embracer (sky), the arrow (star) embedded in it.-sanama. 2 Shiv, whom the with a beautiful figure. 3 with a form; moon adorns; Kailash on whose top Shiv incarnate. resides. mfft [sameu], mfre [sameI] n absorption, merger. See ~. "garab nIvarI sameu." ffii~ [samudrphen] the foam of the ocean. ~ [samudrbajI] n hippopotamus. -sri m 1. "seva suratI sameI."-mala m 3. 2 Ucheshrava, the sun's horse that emerged 2 adj absorbable. during the churning of the ocean. See ~tflnf. 'R'"Iiu [sameh] adjwith rain. 2 cloudy. 3 n same face, countenance, feature. "gIrgat hi ke rag ~ [samudrmekhla] earth, that has made the ocean a girdle. kamal sameh bdhu."-BGK. 'Even the chameleon has colour that looks like the pink ffii~ [samudr-npu] See fu1!mJ\i. ffiiftIor [samudnk], ffii\ilor [samudrik] See of lotus flowers.' ~. "pac;lhyo samudnk m bahu sodha." mfor [samek] adj equivalent, equal. 2 See
-NP
ffiitrfu>w [samudhana], ~ [samudhare],
[samudha] Skt~ adjproperly made, well established; salvaged. "kulsabuh samudhare."-saveye m 3 ke. 2 lifted, raised to a high rank. "SIV sankadI samudhana." -saveye m 3 ke. "sadh sagatI mIlI maha asadh samudha."-BG ~ [samudhrIt] See ~. 'fIlfofa' [samunatI] Skt ~-;:;::rft1 n progress. 2 superiority. ~ [samulv] narrates, utters. "han parsIo kal samulvE."-sclVeye m 2 ke. ~ [samule] joyful. "samule sur ahure jag." -ramav. See m!C'5l1'f.
Fllj1:IT
mr:;ror.
'R1fH [samej] adj united, mixed, blended,

inclusive. "mat u!).ayo prem samej."-GV 6. ~ [samet!).a], FIifc?; [sdmetan] v to collect, gather scattered things in one place. "laI dhIan drISatI sametIa."-var guj 2 m 5. FIlf3" [sdmet] part including, alongwith, inclusive. mf~ [samev] adj mixed, absorbed. "mate samev car!).a udhra!).a bh dutarah."-sahas m 5. engrossed in love, they lie at his feet. "sri gurudev samev su sagat."-BGK. 2 adv self, oneself, by oneself. RH [samE] n time, hour. "ek sam mokau gahI badhE."-sar namdev. 2 sleeps, reposes,
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slumbers. "hukmo seve hukamu aradhe hukme samE samae."-s;:Jva m 4. "RlfffiJ [samEsar], Rl=tRfu [samEsarr] in time. 2 See Rl-IFRf. "drrsatI samESarI."-raill ;:J In J. 'Rlffu [samoI], ffif~t [samoi] See FJ}f~ and 'FfH<rr. "guru mahI apu samOI: sabad vartaIa."-var ill;:Jla ill 1. "ghatI ghatI jotI samoi."-sor ill 1. mfoft [samogi] time gone by. "ramdas guru amar samogi."-BG ffifet' [samol)a] See ~. 2 v to mix. 3 to mix cold and hot to make it even. mf'Q' [samodh] n an address; knowledge of the whole. "sakE na samodh man trrsna na mari hE."-BGK. 2 adjaware, with full knowledge. . 'RH~: [samJh] adv facing, in front, face to face. "sarab dano sam,Jhi" sIdh ye." -Inadhata. m.f [sam;'!] See FJ}f. 2 See~. ml'HJ:r [sam;'!jas] Skt ~ adj that which is suitable; appropriate, apposite, proper. 'Rlf;:fP?f [sam;'!jiE] See Hi:fll'. 2 Err -;::ftf. "prabhu ChOQI an lagE narakI sam;'! ji."--var jE:t. 'Hellish is life.' m.f3' [sam;'!t] Skt good end; whose phase is good; neighbourhood. 2 a boundary, limit. 3 adv all around, surrounding. 4 near, close. S See FJTrf3'. m.f;;: [sam;'!d] P .;.;r n a cream-coloured horse. 'FfI;fT [samha] See Ff}-fl1Jf 2. ~ [sammulphar] See ~. FlJfS" [samrath] See F[}fOEf. "ttl samrath purakhu mIharvanu."-dh;ma In 5. "he samrath agam puran."-In;:Jla In 4 p;:Jrtal. FIJ:f'H [samraj], FIJ:f'<~ [samrat] Skt 'FfHolCFirrt=l'3' a rajah, monarch, emperor, king of kings. 'RiJf'Q' [samnddh] Skt adj with great powers, mangificent. "samrIddh bEn rakhiE." -br;:Jh;:JIn. Rfiffu [samrrddlu] Skt ~ n magnificence,
glory. "samrrddhIvan hVE joi."-NP
Rfify [samrrddhu] See Rfif'Q'.

m-r:;r [samy] See
IDf.iI3T
FfT}f.i1.
'Rl-r.iIa" [samyak] See RH"iX.
[samyta] See 'Ff1}fJJ3T. "Ffljf [say] n a hundred, century. "say sahas samp-hI."-s;:JvE:ye In 3 ke. 'Lakhs of objects are offered.' 2 A 2- an object, thing, entity. 3 Skt w<r rest; a state. 4 sleep. S mind. F.I'lil'O [$ayan] Skt n a bed. 2 sleep. EliIO E'1i("'t!F.ft [$ayan ekada$i] Skt 'W:r;f~ eleventh day of the lunar month of Harh of the Bikrami era. According to Hindu mythology Vishnu begins his sleep from this
day.See~~.
wr0'I
[sayasat] See 11=Pm::r3'. 'Rl:iI"'i'l [sayan] See ~. Rtifl}f [sayam] See FlJPH. FfOITa' [sayar] n a jackal. 2 A .J~ one who travels. 3 a revolving star. FfliITl? [sayal] n See ~. 2 See ffiiflO. 3 a famous tribe of Muslims in Jhang district that originated from Panwar Rajputs. Heer's lover, Ranjha belonged to this tribe. "jun sayal jat ki dharo."-c;:JrItr 98. mr'1X'1? [say;'!kal] See 'R"'OfWC? "tuhi pit bana say;,!kal dharyo."-c;:JrItr 1. 'ROf-eo [say;'!dan] See ~. ~ [sayadri] See mrgl lltil"e' [sayyad] See ~. HW [$ayya] Skt 1iJUIT n a cot, bed, couch. ~ [sayyad] See ~. ffiJ [sal'] Skt B"'l n a pond. "sal' bharr thaI hariavle."-sri ;:J In 1. "nau sal' subhar dasv pure."-sIdhgos;:JtI. Here sal' stands for senses. 2 water. "bhal)E thaI SIrI sal' vah." -SUlli In 1 suc;:Jji. 'There is water on the dune'. 3 'IT\" an arrow; a shaft. "sal' s;'!dhE agas kau." -var Inajh In 2. 4 a reed, sacchrum arundinaceum "ape dhanukh ape sal' bal)a."
Ffl:iIlFI3'
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-naru solhe m I. 'He is himself the reed and the steel.' 5 indicative of number five because Kam, the god of Love is supposed to have five arrows. 6 cream of milk. 7 root of plant Cymbopogon arom aticus. 8 Pkt appropriate time, suitable hour. "s,'Jr dPSdf ki saf nd jal.).hi."-sor m J. 9 equal, even. "name Sdf bhdrI sana lehu."-bher namdev. 10 a sea, ocean. 11 a breath, voice, life. "avdt jat nak Sdr hoi."-g5q kabir. 'is the limit of endurance.' 12 P / the top ofthe head; head. "mdm Sdr mUI djrail gdrIphdtdh."-tIlag m 1. "nd dkdl Sdr."-var sar m 1. 13 a victory, triumph. "des sdrdb Sdr kino."-GPs. 14 a chieftain. 15 A ; evil, wickedness. 16 Dg milk. FRr })ftn:Rf [s2Jr 2Jps2Jr] See FRr and })ftn:Rf. FfQl)ffu [sdr-drI] 11 an arrow with a half-moon. -S<3nama. 'a sickle shaft that can destroy the enemy's arrow.' 2 sword.-sanama. mret [9afdi] See mmT. 2 enough, sufficient. See
~.
SdfSdVhf ddyo."-cclrItr 95. FRIW [sdfsa] a town in district Hissar founded in the sixth century AD by Saras Raj put, where a gurdwara in the name of Guru Nanak Dev is located near the house of the fj'v'e pirs. It is a famous. pilgrimage as Guru Gobind Singh also stayed here while travelling from Malva towards the South. Nabha's ruler, Maharaja Hira Singh spent a lot of money to get a beautiful gurdwara constructed there. The gurdwara gets an annual grant of Rs. 325/from Patiala and Rs. 26/- from Nabha. There is some non-irrigating land donated to the gurdwara by devotees of some villages. Sarsa is a station on the Bombay Baroda Central India Railway. 2 a rivulet between Anandpur and Chamkaur. When Guru Gobind Singh left Anandpur for Chamkaur, then many Sikhs were drowned in this rivulet and a lot of war material also got lost. This event is known as 'gurumarIa' among the Sikhs. mJ'Rl'tt [sdrsai] 11 excess, tyranny. 2 happiness,
FRI"R' [SdfdS] Skt adj juicy, moist. 2 with the
JOY
[Sdf sastrd] 11 Dhanurved. See af3r 2. FRJHTtft [sarsahi] 11 a measure of weight that is one sixteenth of a kacha seer, or two tolas. 2 a measure of land that is the ninth portion of a marla. I See ft..!<!3T. FRJ'R"}f [sarsam] P (v / tumour in the head; swelling in the brain. See Fff7ll.fT3' for information on this disease. 'ffi'lETij' [saf9ar] P j~ /adj intoxicated, drunk. 2 drowned in, absorbed. ~ [sarsIara], ~ [sdrsIa] adjhappy, elated. "sarsIdre mere bhai sabh mita."-asa chat m 5. 'R'a'fi:rR [safsIj] 11 a lotus, which blossoms in a pond. 'R'a'fi:rR 'lJ3' [safsIj sut] the son onotns, Brahma.
Isarsahi or bisvasi is one and the same thing.
nine emotions/sentiments of poetics. 3 The six types of flavours. 4 with pleasure. "rut aile saras basat mah."-basat m I. 5 Skt ~ balanced, even. "apan saras kidU na jdgdt koi."-saveye m 4 ke. 6 Skt ~ happy, glad. "sIkh sat sdbhI Sdrse hoe."-sor m 5. 7 Pkt extra, more, excessive. ~ [sarsdu] See'R"m1. 2 11 mustard. See"FlOFflf. "kaci SdfSdU peIIkf:."-s kabir. ~ [safas-dra] adj was elated, felt happy. See'R"m1. FRJFri'i" [sdrsdn] See 'R"m1 6. to flourish; to be happy; to burst with happiness. "ddrsdn pdfSdn SdfSdn harsdn."-asa m 5. 'R'QfIl.f [S2JrSdp] Skt 'RFi'l.f 11 mustard, rapeseed plant or crop. See P J- / ~. ~ [sarsav] See FnrH'lf. "hi mdhf qar
FRr ~
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mJFft [sarsij See RO<!'". will be completed. "man

sarsi kaj."-bClsat kabir. 2 exceeded. 3 was delighted. 4 n a metre in poetry, that was named suthra in Gurupad Prem Prakash by Bawa Sumer Singh. It has four linc:s of 27 matras each; the first pause is at the 16 th matra, the second at the subsequent eleventh matra and the end is organised as guru and laghu (51) Example: eka mai jugatI vIai, tInI ce1e parvaDu, Iku sasari Iku bhaQari, Iku lae dibat)u. --jClpU. pardara pClrdhan parlobha, haum bIkh bIkar, dusatbhau tClj nfd pClrai, kam krodh cat;lar. -mala m 1. (b) The characteristic of varDIk sarsi metre is that it has four lines, and each line has matra-combinations as III, 151, 511, 151, 151, 151, SIS. There are two pauses, one after the eleventh character, and the other after the tenth thereafter. This metre is also called packavli. Example: SIlnrat prem se guru gIra, rahte jag me sada sukhi, kClrat bIhar kar jagke, nahI hovat so kada dukhi. 5 got juicy; succulent. 6 Skt a pond; a tank full of water. "jo bhav bhurI bhara sarsi." -NP AdmtJ [sarsiruhj Skt n that which grows in a pond; a lotus. 'A'd'lJ31 [sarsutij See R'alT3't. "gaga jamna godavri sarsuti, te karhI udam dhUrI sadhu ki tai." -mClla m 4. FJiT~ [sarseruj, ~r"6" [sarseroj lotus. See FRl'Fft2u. "pak bIkhe basta ras me ras uradh ko nIsra sarsero."-NP 'The lotus blossoms
happily in mire and water ar.d emerges higher than them.' ffiJH= [sars6j See 'Ffal1l..r. ~ [sarsodhj mBtu 11 a temple of arrows. "cahO or ghIryo sarsodh sIva."-rudr. 'So many arrows were showered from all sides that a temple of arrows got erected.' FJlf3' [sarasvatj Skt~n that which contains water; a pond or a tank. 2 a sea, an ocean. 3 See FfTOl.J3". 4 adj knowledgeable. FRI1f3t [sarasvatij Skt n land made wet with water. 2 Saraswati is the name of a river in the Veds at the border of Brahmavart, which the Aryans first inhabited and considered Saraswati to be as pure as subsequently their inheritors regarded the Ganges. Now it flows out from Sirmaur area and disappears into the sand and re-emerges at many places and meets Ghaggar in the area of Patiala. 3 according to the Purans, wife of Brahma, the goddess of knowledge and speech. Her beauty is described as - "CItta rag, ag saji1e, mastak te cadrma, hatth VICC viDa, kama1 phull VICC vIrajman." The Vaishnavas of Bengal believe that, like Lachhmi and Ganga, she was the consort of Vishnu. Once all the three goddesses fought amongst themselves, then Vishnu, believing Saraswati to be quarrelsome, as also realizing that he couldn't handle more than one consort, gave Saraswati to Brahma and Ganga to Shiv and kept Lachhmi for himself. 4 brahmi, a herb. 5 malkagni, a scrambling shrub and its bitter seed. 6 a cow. 7 adj knowledgeable. F.RJ(J [$arahj See 'F.JQT. ~ [sarhaddj P a boundary, a line which demarcates the border of a country or land. ~ [sarhali] a village in district Amritsar known for Gurdwara Chubacha Sahib, raised
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in the memory of Guru Arjan Dev. See ~ rested for a while. wfua" 2. 6 Fatehgarh, where the Sahibzadas were 'R''6f<:f"e' [sdrhf d] an important town of martyred. It has a grant of property worth four Hindustan. Ferozeshah Tughlaq separated it thousand rupees from the time of the Sikh rule from the rule of Samana and made it the and from Maharaja of Patiala. A huge fair is capital of a suba with this name. It was a large held here on 13 Poh. This place is about one and wealthy town during the Mughal reign and a half miles away from the railway station and had twenty-eight districts under it. On of Sirhind. 13 Poh Sammat 1761, Vazir Khan the subedar 7 The tower of Mata Gujri, where she was got the younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh, under house arrest along with the Sahibzadas Baba Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh, killed and where she breathed her last. here, as a result of which Mata Gujri also 8 Vimangarh, the place where the bodies of Mataji and the Sahibzadas were brought breathed her last in utter grief. Banda Bahadur conquered Sirhind on 1 from Fatehgarh and kept overnight to be Jeth Sammat 1767 and killed Vazir Khan. ' bathed and taken for cremation to Jotisaroop. In Sammat 1820 Hakim Zain Khan was 'R'a"6or [sdrhag] P a chieftain, who is the eliminated by the Khalsa Dal and gurdwaras head of soldiers. 2 a wrestler, an athlete. were raised in Sirhind. The town is known as 3 chief of a kotwali (Police station). 4 a gatekeeper. 'Gurumari' amongst the Sikhs; now it is in the state of Patiala. See G3"~. Sirhind has ~ [sdrdk] See FSOr. 2 See~. 3 See~. "Sdrdk sdstrd jhar-hi."-VN. 4 A to shine. the following gurdwaras: 1 Shaheedganj 1. When Banda Bahadur S the east, where the sun rises. conquered Sirhind, six thousand Sikhs were mrcn:r [sdrb$] P ~l> a rebel, mutineer. "sdrbs hOI dphat uthai."-GPS. 2 arrogant, cremated here. proud. 2 Shaheedganj 2. Jathedar Sukha Singh was martyred here while inflicting defeat ~ [sdrkdI).], ~ [sdrdkI).a] Skt n sliding. upon Jain Khan. 2 shifting. 3 creeping slowly. 3 Shaheedganj 3. Jathedar Malia Singh ffiJOftf [sdrkdp] See ~. was martyred here while scoring victory over HdcHI1 [sdpbrda] P nJj> a chief agent, headman of workers, chief officer. Jain Khan. 4 Jotisaroop, the place where the ~ [sdrbra] Skt r.fcp- n raw sugar. 2 sugar. 3 a pebble, gravel. Sahibzadas and Mataji, their grandmother, 'H'dCS'T [sdrkdra] See ~. were cremated. 5 Tharha Sahib, where the sixth Guru mJaT}f [sdrkam] P (~.> n concern, relation, connection. 2 business. "db nahI dVdr IBhai Santokh Singh has shown the capture of Sirhind sdrkam."-SdvEye m 5 ke. before the passing away of Guru Gobind Singh and even Giani Gyan Singh has given the year of it as 1764 ~ [sdrkar] P ./(()' n government. 2 a royal court. 3 a ruler. 4 the people. "dUjE bhaI (Sammat). However this is a grave error, because in this dUSdtU atma ohu teri sdrkar."-sri m 3. year, Banda Bahadur had not even met Guru Gobind 5 During the sMughal rule, the head office or Singh.
...t./
J;
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GlJR[)WARA FATEHGARH SAHIB - SIRHIN[)
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rakba harnam nagar
1
4eragahIr giibhiria
Il
::::.;;;:= =:J
nak~a sarhfd ~hidg'ij2 phategarh na~an gurdvara -------.

(2)
bag halimhaphIz
uttar
khel
rasta lcheta \"
joti""rup ~ \ \ gurdvare nii

\
VICCO
\ \
\\/~
''rasla
",
", .
",',
' ....'\ '\
joli sarup
'~.::::.:
..
L\ _
ti""ruP
,\
relve s~ ""rhid
relvelain
MAP OF SIRHIND - FATEHGARH
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head officer was given this name. 6 Skt one who makes arrows. ~ [sarkufa] Skt ~1'(CfllL!;S a reed. ffilChr [sarkop], [sarkob] P ",:..J / adj chief, boss, oppressor. "sarkop sardar." -salah. 2 n a mace, club. 'l1a'C! [sarkra] See "RO~T 2. "asathI cur sarkra."-c5<;fI2. 'crushed bones like pebbles on a riverside.' "R'6l:f [sarakh] See Fl~. the act of moving forward. "harkhe sarkhe basudevhI ke pag jaI chuyo jamna jal te."-krIsan. "samuhI cac;1 SIVE sarkhe."-krIsan. 2 with joy. 2~ A 0} the point of a sword or a spear. 4 a root, base. S a beginning, an origin. ~ [sarxat] P ~ / n a caption, an addn~ss. 2 a receipt. "sarkhat ab hi ham te lehu lIkhaIkE." -carItr 162. 3 a certificate; a testimonial. Fre"l:ftf [sakhap] mustard. See FreFItf. "sarkhap sag banai."-NP FRI'11:rtr [sarkhIO], Ha1:a [sarkhyo] See FffiCf. "kruddhkE juddh-lu ko sarkhyo hE."'-c5<;fi 1. 2 See mfl:f 3. l16iJT [sarag] Skt Fl'd'f n See ~ n a sacrific1e, a renunciation. 2 a chapter; a section. 3 creation, world, earth. "lakhat sarag bhahra t. "'-paras. 4 oriE;in. S source of water, spring. (ii nature. Radlf.l3 [sarga1?at] P .::,;J/ n an umbrella, especially one held over the head of the bridegroom during the marriage cen::mony. ffi[CJJ'OI' [sarGana] P ,:.}/ chief villain. 2 the head of a tribe. ffiI(JJ}f [sargam] Skt 1'RJOI}f. n nomencliature of the seven ascending or descending notes: $afaj (1'1'), rI1?abh (0), gadhar ('dT), madhyam (H), p5cam (1../), dhavEt (l:T), and nI1?ad (?i). Radlae i [sargardal, Hadlae'('j [sargardan] P (:)fJJ/ one whose head is spinning; amazed, befuddled.
~ [sargu!)], FIOQJ7l [sargun], "ROQJ7>1 [sarguni]
mra1I
Skt ~<f adj with qualities; with the three qualities of Maya: sat, raj, tam. "sargu!) nIrgU!) thapE naG."-asa m 5. "sargun nIrgun nIrakar."-sukhmani. "t11 nIrgun tU sarguni."-gau m 5. 2 knowledgeable and skilled. 3 with a ~ (rope). FRJUIT [sargha] Dg n a honeybee. FRll.Iit [sarghi] A tJ /' a meal taken before dawn. See 0lffiT0 2. ~ [sarac!)a] v to feel interested or satisfied. 2 to entertain. 3 to be content. "ham bhrata kIh bIdhI sarcaI."-GPs. FRIH [saraj] adj dusty. 2 n a lotus flower. 3 Skt Fltl' warning; 1 ~moval. "mar mar kE kop-hr sarje."-carItr 405. 4 sal tree. S See FIQtIO 2. "apno mat sarjyo."-GPs. 6 SktF.RItT: F.Rf(from cream) ;:r (created, churned), churned out of cream; butter. mr;:r;:r [sarjaj] The writer has erroneously transcribed this word instead oflj'QtlH. There the meaning of~ is son of Surya (Sun), the horse. See nfar 613. 2 See lj'QtlH. ffirtlO [sarjan] Ski F!tfo n the rear flank of the army. 2 origin, creation. "sudha sarovar ko sarjavat."-GPs. 3 a surgeon; a doctor who performs operations. 'R"atI""l? [sarjal], FRJHTW [sarjala] n a net cast in a pond to catch fish etc. "manu mara b5dhro sarjalI."-brla am 1.2 an illusion of water. ~ [sarjaII] in the net. See ~ 1. 'R'O't:ft [sarji] See 'ffiI'tlo. 2 adj alive; aware; animate. "sathavar te sunkE sarji."-krrsan. ~ [sarjiu] adj alive, aware, living. "sarjiu kat-hr nrrjiu puj-hI."-gau kabir. mr;:fur [sarjit] Skt irrigated. adjwatered, moist. 2 verdant. 3 possessing vital force. 4 the Creator, the Maker, "agam sarjit sabara." -var mala m 1. FRAJ [sarju] See ~. "ban panr kaman IE
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brhrat sarju tir."-ramav. glVll1g shelter. "saral)r samrath agocar Rdtlt!IR [sarjudas] See F(5dlCl'i:l1e. suami."-suhi m 5. 'R'dC [sarat], FffiCT [sarta] Skt WR n a lizard, ~ [saral)rsamai] where refugees can chameleon. be put; one who takes refugees under his ~ [sardob] adj water deep enough to rise protection. "saral)r samai das-hrtu."-gaum 5. above the head of a standing man. 2 covered ~'ij' [saral)rsur] Skt ~-r adj brave from head to foot. "sar qob loh me deh sor." enough to protect refugees i.e. who doesn't -GPs. 'the entire body sheathed in armour give in but fights against the enemies. and weapons. ' "saral)rsur bhagvanhr."-var jEt. "saral)rsur 'R"d<!' [saral)] Skt n a voyage; going away. 2 Skt phare jamkagar."-gau m 5. a refuge, home. 3 a shelter, protection. 4 adj ~Rw [saral)r jogu] adjcapable of providing sheltering, protecting. shelter. "saral)r jogu samrathu mohanu."-gau Rd<!fIIFtlCl [saral)jacrk] adjwho supplicates for chat m 5. shelter; who seeks protection; one who asks RdF<!at!(') [saral)rbadan] worthy of respect as for refuge. "saral)jacrk pratrpalal)."-savEye a protector. "saral)rbadan karul)apate."-keda m2 ke. m5. 'ffil<!Hcrr [saral)jog] adj worthy of refuge; "ffil"it [sarl)i] See 'R"d<!' and FTa'f<!'. ~ [sarl)y] See mrm. deserving shelter. FJ<!T [sarl)a] short form of Rd<!'dI3. 2 v to be ~ [$arat] A b; n a promise, vow. 2 a condition. completed, to be accomplished. "tujh bIn kru ffiJ3T [sarta] See 'fl'fu3T. sarr."-brla chat m 5. "jrnr jrnr namu FI'd3"il [sartaj] a coronet. 2 a canopy over the head. 3 chieftain, leader. dhrara trn ke kaj sare."-barahmaha majh ~ [sartan] A (jlb / n the zodiac sign for m5. JRJ<!Tfu [sarl)ar] a refugee. 2 a shelter, haven. Cancer. See C('d'"C(". 2 adj courageous, brave. 'R"d'3'R' [sartes] King of streams, the ocean. "garib das ki prabhu sarl)ar."-g5q m 5. ~ [sarl)ara] a refugee; one who has -sanama.2 Lord Varun.-sanama. come under protection. "sagal tragr nanak RddRH' [sartesja] poison born from the chief sarl)ara."-suhi m 5. ofthe streams i.e. the ocean; venom.-sanama. l1d'<!rtt [sarl)ai] shelter, refuge. "thakur tum 2 Lachhmi (goddess of wealth }-sanama. sarl)ai ara."-sar m 5. Rddmfl [sartesri], HddJ;!dl [sartesvri] the queen of streams (rivers), Ganga.-sanama. Rd<!'dI3 [sarl)agat] adj one who has come for shelter. "sarl)agat pratrpalak han suami." ~ [sarthali] a village in district -dllana m 4. Hoshiarpur, tehsil Una where a gurdwara in Rd<!'MGj [sarl)alay] n a (place where refugees the name of Guru Gobind Singh is situated. find) shelter. 2 a gurdwara. 3 the Creator. 'R'd't!' [sarad] P J / adj cold, cool. 2 Skt~. n FRI'fa" [saral)r] See'R"d<!'. 2 Skt a passage, path, autumn. "rutr sarad aqabro asu katrke han way, footpath, road. 'f.l"d'f<!' is also correct. pras jiu."-ram ruti m 5. 3 a year. 4 a bow and arrow; a sheath; a quiver. 3 Skt-rm:rm. capable of protecting one who has ~ [saradxanah], ~ [saradkhana] sought shelter. 4 the earth; land. ~ FI}RJtT [sdral)r samrath] adj capable of P ,.;(; J / n a cool home, basement or house
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~~
cooled by using damp jute cloth etc" "taInt mrfi::p,rr [sardhIa] See Flraftr. 2 faith. "bahut man saradkhane me joe."-GPs. sardhIa."-asa chat m 4. JRf ~ [sar darad] See fl:Rn1Ta-. RaO [saran] n slope next to a well on which 'R'6'e"l"5' [sardal] n a threshold, the top arm of a oxen walk as they pull a leather bucket. See door frame. ~. "apan saran chsa tab gayo."-GPs. FRJ'eT [sarda] n one which offers sar (water); a 2 See 'ffi'l(! 3. "saran paran sadhu, an than bowl, Clip. 2 P e)/ a Kabuli melon, the seed bIsare."-sal' partal m 5. 3 a veterinary of which was first brought to India by Babar. disease that slackens the muscles of the legs. "sarde magvae Ik ~.k."-GPs. Jrei1cJI" [sarnag] adj one who accepts refuge, ~ [sardai] n coolness. 2 a medicine or refugee. drink that cools, prepared by blending crushed ffiTi'ffiT [sarnabha] See 'fT. almonds, cardamom, black peppers, chicory, ~ [sarnaria] adjone who accepts refuge, petals ofrose sown in Chet with mI:;iri (sugar refugee. "nanak saranria."-brha m 5. lumps) and cold water, especially drunk in ~ [sarnai] a shelter, refuge. See ~. the summer months. 3 ground bhag (hemp) is 2 Skt~. "kIsi tula de kIs sarnai. kIs htl also referred to as sardai by some people. mka det cac;lhai."-NP ~ [sardar] P .;1)/ a leader, chieftain, 'ffiI'i'iTdf [sarnahi] disproportionate. 2 a shelter, premier. 2 See Hoot!". 3 a year. "sardlar refuge, haven. "pag lagI ram rahE sarnahi." bIsatIcar kalI-avtar chatr ph Iraia."-kalki. -dhana kabil'. 'For twenty four years Kaliavtar (prophet 'R'6'i'i'cIT [sarnag] short fc)fm for Hdi'i i dI3. ordained to put an (md to evil) will keep an Hao l dl3 [sarnagat] See Ha(fidI3. umbrella over the head. Le. will rule,,' Haold/o l [sarnagna] a refugee, one who has ~ [sardari] the rank ofthe sardar. beseeched for she:lter. "jo prabhu ki 'Ratft [sardi] n coldness, coolness; winter. sarnagna."-mal'u am 5. ~ [sardul] See H~. mrorcrr [sarnagE] is sheltered. "nanak ~mur [sardul sigh] the elder son ofBaba sarnag."-brla m 5. Ala Singh who was born in 1715 and died l1dC'lltlar [sarnajog], FRJ"fo'Hor [saranIjog] during his father's life time in 1763. qualified to accept shelter. "mansa puran mJt:r [saradh] Skt faith, sentiment, belief. "sej sarnajog."-sukhmani. "tu samrathu bIchai saradh apara."-suhi m 5. 2 intere:st, saranIjog."-kan m 5. wish, desire. "hor pmal) ki harnari saradh gai." FTaO:iT [sarany1 Skt mm:r adj one who protects -val' vaq m 4. 3 Skt n an army. 4 adj strong. the refugee. 2 one capable of protecting the 'H"a"Q"(')' [sardhan] adj wealthy, affluent. sheltered. "sarnya sahaya."-VN "mrdhan sardhan donau bhai."-bhI' kabJ!l'. FRJtr [sarap] Skt FP1 (See f!Itr) voyage, gait. Ratl" [sardha] n faith, belief. See lfl:[T. "'sardha 2 slow pace, tardy movement. 3 a snake, lagi sagI pritm."-ram l'uti ill 5. serpent. "kai janam pakhi sarap hOIo."-gau mrfq [saradhI] adj venerable, worthy of m 5. See~. devotion. "saradhJ[ kau sardhIa."-mal'u ~ [saraptat] Kashyap, the father of jdev. 'worshipped the Creator worthy of snakes.-sanama. devotion.' 2 a sheath, quiver. See fu!:!fq". ~ 'fu"R'it [saraptatl)i ISl)i] n military.
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army.-s<}nama. Kasyap, the father of snakes, who was the resident ofPanipat. See Ecr Em;. his earth, the army of his patron Lord. 9 a Muslim resident of Kandhar who became Jrn1Jfo [sarapm], FRfl..109" [sarapni] Skt FIfU'it n a devotee of Guru Nanak Dev. a female snake. 2 Le. maya. "sarpanI kE vasI F.Rm" l')fffi' [~araf ali] a I ieutenant in Aurangzeb 's jiara. "-sri <} m f. "sarpani te upan nahi army who was present during the last battle balia."-asa k<}bir. of Anandpur. ~ [sarapmedh], ~ [sarapyagy] a Raiildit.l [sarfaraz] P ;1)/ proud; one who holds his head high. 2 an increase in respect religious sacrifice involving violence to snakes. This was the sacrifice Janamejya and power. conducted to avenge the death of his father Rdiilaif.ll [sarfarazi] P (jJI)/ n arrogance, pride. 2 headship, honour. "dai sarpharaji tIS Parichhat (Parikshit) at the hands of the snakes. The place where this sacrifice took kala."-GPs. place was 'sarapdaman-k~etr' and is now 'R'd"Gl" [sarpha] A ,j/ ' n frugality, parsimony, known as "spido" in the Jind State. niggardliness. "sarphE sarphE sada sada eVE 'R"'a1f [sarpar] Pkt adv without doubt, gai viha I." -s<}va m f. unquestionably; indisputably. "sarpar uthi rrro [sarphi] A j/, adj a grammarian, cah.).a."-sri m 5. "ragu na lagi parbraham ta philologist. 2 n short form for~. "sarphi sarpar narke jaI."-sri <} m 5. 2 on the head. kaQh agr guru dhari."-GV fO. Ffd'S' [sarab] Skt adj all, whole. "sarab rag 'RQl.ffilj [sarparastl P ..:..--' { / adj a patron, ko ;)khadhu namu."-sukhm;mi. 2 Skt w! n protector. Lord Shiv, who slays with a F.ld" (arrow). ~ [sarparastil n patronage. HOtJItI' [saraprajJ n Sheshnag. 2 Vasuki. 116S'R" [sarbas] See mraJI. FRJl.lI'fu [sarapan], FiQ1.Rft [sarapari] n Garud, RaaRardwo [sarabsakatIman] adj omnipotent, snake's enemy. 2 a peacock. 3 a mongoose. possessing all powers. 2 n the Creator, 'ffiI'fi.f'e' [sarpfd] n the king of snakes, Sheshnag Vahguru. and Vasuki. See E Serpent. "sarpfd gIrfd RaaRd i [sarbasta] P ~ / adj whose head is khagfd tula."-NP. 'Girindar (hilly chieftains) tied. 2 hidden, secret. who are like Sarapraj, to them the king of RaaRQiJl [sarabsadhari] adj nourishing all, supporting all. "paraupkari sarabsadhari." birds is the same as Garud.' mJttt [sarpi] Skt ~ n ghee, clarified butter. -dey m 5. 2 owning everything. "d_har saroa vIkhe sarpi madh pavak pavat mraJI [sarbasu] Skt"R"'!T[ n pelf and power. "kar jOI abhaga."-NP. gahI line sarbasu dine."-sor m 5. 2 all essence, quintessence. "sarbasu ChOQI FRJ"l.1tJ [sarpec] P ~ / n a turban, head-dress. 2 an ornament like a plume worn on the head maharas pijlO."-g<}u hbir. that adorns the turban. "lalan ko sarpec mJmjurorfc!' [sarabsuhagaI).I] always lucky; suhayo."-c<}rrtr f 09. who is never widowed. "han ki nan su 'R"a6 [saraph] A ~/' n wandering, travelling. sarabsuhagaI).I."-suhi chat m f. 2 a test. 3 expenditure. 4 advantage. 5 know- ~ lJlf [sarabsukha sukh] n the culmination ledge of vocabulary. 6 the way of the world. of all joys, spiritual bliss. 2 everlasting joy, 7 A ..;; honour, veneration, praise. 8 a faqir, eternal happiness.
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'R'6"8'R' [sarabso] See FImflI. "mere sarabso

gobfd."-kan m 5. ~ [sarabsamatI] unanimity, consensus. 2 unanimous view point. Raaaw [sarabkala] n all knowledge and skill. 2 adj expert in all arts (knowledge); accomplished in all skills. "mum jcm gavhI sarabkala."-sClveye mIke. Raaal'}' 'R1fQ"a" [sarabkala samrath] adj supremely skilled in all knowledge~ and art. 2 omnipotent. "sarabhkala samrath prabhu." -brla m 5. RaaaF(\)~ [sarabkaIIal)] one who bestows happiness upon aU, bringer of good luck and prosperity to everyone. "sarabkaIIal) vaSE manI aI."-gClu m 5. ~ [sarabkal] adj who destroys c~veryone; which annihilates everything. 2 unchanging. 3 n transcendental God, who is not affected by death or time. "sarabkal hE pIta apara."-ViV RaaFqR [sarabkns] that which attracts all. "namo sarabknsa."-japu. 2 microscopic (sukham)l. J1cJ8iIT [sarbag] See "ffiI'a(JJJf. "ram raVI rahIa sarbage."-sar m 4 pClrtal. 2 Skt one who pervades everywhere, omnipresent. Raadlija [sarabgaul)) one who travels to all places. "namo sarabgaul).e."-japu. mJ8ilI3" [sarabgat] omnipresent, all pervading. "jadI cftI sarabgata." and "bhav bhut sarabgata."-guj jedev. 'R'a8fcJr [sarbagI], FRl"8"dTJf [sarabagy] Skt~ adj omniscient; who knows everything. "sarbagy puran purakh bhagvanah."-sClhClS m 5. Raat/Fa [sarabjotI] source of all light, God. See Rf3". HaS' c5-a- 'dttl-it [sarab th::>r gami] adj (one) who goes everywhere; omnipresent. 2 n an ascetic who wears matted hair and ringing bells; a
l~un {uftLiI'\
F.Rnl"3"
hermit. See~. [$arbat] A ..:.-:; a refreshing drink. 2 See
~.
F~ [sarabatu], mnE [sarabatt], ~ [sarbatr] Skt ~ adv everywhere. omnipresent. "sarab man sarbatr man."-japu. "atan bahan sarbatI raVIa." -sri cMt m 5. 2 in all times, in all ages. "jia jat sarbat nau tera dhIaVl)a."-var SOl' m 4. "han bhagta ka meli sarbat."-var brla m 4. "dayala sarbatr jia."-sClhClS m 5. 3 all. "tere bhal)e sarbatt ka bhala."-Clrdas. 'RalfErl' [sarabtha] SktwlfIr advanyhow, in every manner. 'R'd'8't!'T [sarabda] Skt Rh" adv always, in all times. RaaF~R [sarabdns] omniscient, all-seeing. ~ [sarabdhar], HaaQ'ai'l [sarabdharan] adj who embraces all. 2 basic to all, fundamental. "sarabdhar samrath. "-var ram 2 m 5. "sarabdharan pratIparan."-maru m 5. 1l"a"SO"H [sarabnam] Skt wf;::rn:r;:r, a word that comes in place of a noun; pronoun e.g. in "jad mardane ne guru nanak dev de Carl)a te namaskar kiti, ta unha ne us ml agya kiti." Here 'unha' (he) and 'us' (him) are pronouns. 2 all names. "tva sarabnam kathE kavan."-japu. Raaf(,)'i;'ffI [sarabnIvasi] adj omnipresent. "sarabnIvasi sada cllepa"-dhClna m 9. ~ [sarabnm] adj functioning as the eye of all. "sarabnEn apI pekhanhara." -sukhmClni. 2 one who keeps an eye on all. mn:rtfT1f [sarabpakh] adj championing everyone's cause, helping everyone: "sarabpakh rakhu rnurare."-dev m 5. ~ [sarabpIar], ~ [sarabpIaru] love from all, adoration by one and all. 2 beloved of all, the Creator loved by all. "paiE sarabpIaru."-sri Cl m 1. l'Rml;;fi1 [s.arabpuj], ~ [sarabpujy] worthy
J1a'8"f3' [sarbatI],
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ofbeing worshipped by all; worth-adoring by everyone. "sarabpuj earan gur seu."-g3Q m 5. ~ [sarabpratIpal] adj who protects all, God. "sarabpratIpal rahim."-ram m 5. mrafy:nr [sarabpna], FRrnfy"'GT [sarabpny], ~~ [sarabpreu] loved by all, beloved of all. See Y'~. ~ [sarab bIapak], ~ [sarab bIapat], Fra"m~l.fOr [sarab bIapIk], ~ [sarab bIapi] adj omnipresent, allpervading. "sarab bIapat purandhani."-gcw m 5. "sarab bIapi ram s5gI raean." -sukhmcmi. "sarab bIapIk atar hari."-mala namdev. 2 n the transcendental Being, the Creator. 3 the sky. 4 air. 5 a sadhu with supernatural powers, whose shrine is in Patiala. Rd~'l!ij'l(!" [sarab bhaul).] who travels to all places. 2 pervading in all the worlds. "namo sarab-bhaul).e."-japu. 3 whose home extends everywhere. ~ [sarab bhakkhi], Raa41il1 [sarab. bhaeehi] adj all-consuming; (one) who devours everything, eating up even what his dharam prohibits him; omnivorous. 2 See
!Wm.
[sarabmay] every form. "he puran he sarabm."-bavan. "amIt advkha sarabmai."-gyan. FfdmfTi") [sarabman] worth following by all, worthy of being emulated, adored by all. "sarabman sarbatr man."-japu. mraH [sarabm] See From-I'GT. ~ [sarabmagla] Skt t1'1'1:P\JI\'11 a particular goddess, who per the Purans, brings prosperity to all. See ~ ~ nr: 45 and ~ ~. "sarabm5gla ko bhavan gokha nagar majhar. "-carr tr 88. ~ [sarbar] n a competition, rivalry. "ravan seti sarbar hoi."-g5Q namdev. 2 adj in comparison, equal. "sarbar kau kahI jiu."
From-I'GT
l1d'Sl-fit [sarabmai],
-savye m 4 ke. [sarabras] sugarcane. 2 xa salt. RdadRJf8~ [sarabraSaIl).u] spiritual pleasure, which inheres all essences. 2 God's name. "sarabraSaIl).U gurmukhI jata."-asa am 1. ~ [sarbarah] P ~I/. / a patron, manager who makes all arrangements. 2 a guide, one who shows the way. mrafa' [sarban] See ~ and FRmdT. R'd'S"ffi [sarbari] night. See~. "sapat sarbari path vItai."-NP 2 belonging to everyone. In Dingal is indicative of~ or t!T (of). "sarbari pritI pIar."-sar parta1 m 5. ~ [sarabloh] Skt ~B' adj made entirely of iron/steel/pure steel. 2 n a kind of arrow called 'narac' that doesn't have a reed but is all iron. 3 xa iron. 4 a weapon. 5 immortal. "sarabloh ki raeehIa ham m:."-akal. 6 an incarnation of Mahakal whose tale is told in Sarbloh Granth. 7 Sarbloh Granth, that is also known as Mangalcharan. There is at the beginning of this granth Shri Mukhvaak Patshahi 10. Here is its exposition for the sake of the readers: First chapter - the eulogy of the devi and akal, seeking of refuge by the gods with the devi after losing to the demons, assuming the powers of other gods by the devi to fight and kill the demon, Bhimnad. Second chapter - committing of sati by Bhimnad's wife; preparations made for war by Bhimnad's brother; Brijnad (Veeryanad) to fight the gods; Indar writing missives to all the gods asking for help. Third chapter - attack by both sides; going ofVishnu to Brijnad as a messenger ofNarad; Brijnad's refusal for rapprochement and his determination to fight; the death of II commanders of Brijnad's army in the battle. Fourth chapter - waging of a terrible war;
FRJ8'6R'
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Vishnu reviving the dead gods by giving them nectar; final triumph of the demon over the gods and imprisoning of lndar; Vishnu's rescue of Indar by cutting off his chains; Brijnad's victory and capture of Indarpmi. Fifth chapter -- the harassed d(lmi-gods petitioning God; assumption of the Sarbloh avtar by God, as in, "sarab ag bajrag he dharyo purakh asag he, sarabloh avtar."-ch5d 65; and the arrival of Sarbloh to see Brijnad as a messenger ofGanesh; ensuing ofa terrible war after clauses of the peace treaty are rejected; entry of the devi and other powers into the fray ofthe battle; Sarbloh hypnotizing all demi-gods and demons with his powers, except Brijnad; the eulogy by Brijnad of Sarbloh invoking him to appear again and fight him; Sarbloh assuming a horrific form and engaging in a battle; the beheading of Brijnad and the offering of his head to Shiv to raise a mountain of heads; presentation of robes of honour to all the demi-gods and bidding them adieu. This granth holds that this book is a gist of Shukr Bhashy, as in "te sabh kathe pnthak kar nIl1).ay sukrabhashI chad, sava lakh hE sakhya yaki vadat muni jian chad, tako sar kaQhkE bar!).a magalcara!). suchad, sava lakh chadan ko sara tn: sahasr ~,)t chaQ." It also holds that this was not a war between Sarbloh and Brijnad, but one between reason and passion, that is "nrrp bIbek abIbek senani bhat pradhan matri dhujni." In the Sarbloh, there are several ilTelevant articles on Sikhism, especially under headiings like "gurugadi pat~;ahi 10", "khalsa praka~" and "bakh$I$ hajUJr": "bhyo nIstar tras asuran te
tarlIkho guru jagat sabE, $ah gobfd phatah satIguru ki vahguru suclmatr akhE." ... "path khalsa bhayo punita prabhu agya kar udatI bhae, mItIO dVEt upadhi jag ki asur malechan mul gae, dharmi path khalsa pracuryo satyrup pUnJ:rup jaye, kacch kes krrpan trrmudra gurubhagta ramdas bhaye. akal-upasak chatridharma ra!). katI kas pardhan ae, ta mahI pac calis pradhana pacpradhan khalsa thae, sigh ajit jujhar phatahI sigh joravar sigh param prre, pacIm khaIIs satIguru pura jIn Ih path supathpragtae." ... "guru apnapJ khalse dina, dUtIy rup satIguru gurugratha, bolan satIguru sabad sabhakhan nam gobid kirtan satha, dvadas rup satIguru e kahiahI dvadas raVI pragtyo harrsata, das gobid phatah satIguru ki grath khalsa guru badatha." ... According to Pandit Tara Singh's research, Sarbloh is a work by Bhai Sukha Singh, who was a granthi at Patna Sahib. He has confessed that he got this granth, a work of Guru Gobind Singh, from an ascetic ofthe Udasi sect living in the jungle in Jagannath.. We are also not inclined to regard Sarbloh as the work of Guru Gobind Singh, because it mentions Roopdeep in Pingal language. Roopdeep was written in Sammat 1776, and the Guru had passed away in 1765; and if this granth precedes Amrit Sanskar then how could it have a chapter on the Khalsa and
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detail about Guruship to Granth Panth? If it ~-~ all be jewelled; wealthy for is later than Amrit Sanskar, then why names having all the jewellery. 2 one who wears all like Das Gobind, Shah Gobind? ornaments. As it is, this is full of errors due to the RQS"'W [sarbala] See At:J"8l'W. carelessness of ignorant scribes as is the Ad{! MW [sarbu1adxa] the maternal uncle of Ahmad Shah Durrani and a famous general Dasam Granth. ~ instead of~, ~ instead of 'tr, ~ instead of~, ~cioft in his army. His entire life was spent in instead of~, ~ in place of~, battling the Sikhs. For a while he was the ftqr instead of~ etc. are hundreds oferrors subedar of Jalandhar. In 1756 Sardar Jassa marring the text of this granth. Singh Ahluwalia inflicted a heavy defeat on him near Jalandhar and Sardar Charhat Singh A saintly resident of Bhai Dhyan Singh Sahib Kattu, (State ofNabha) took a charitr Shukarchakkiya imprisoned him at Rohtas, from Dasam Granth included it in Sarbloh but then he was sent off to Afghanistan with and prepared a volume, which did not become due respect after the presentation of a robe of honour. popular. AdSMJll?fT [sarablohia] xa one who doesn't eat 'R"d'tA' [sarbes], 'R"d't~ [sarbesur], mrit~d' [sarbesvar] Skt ~9<f"{ the Lord of all things, from utensils made of any other metal but God. iron. 2 an armed warrior, who is encased in iron. 3 one who covers his entire body in 'H'ditaH [sarbotam] Skt~the best, topmost, incomparable. armour. AdSlf~d [sarbakrrt], AdSifgf:::s [sarbhakrrtI] ~ [sarboparr] Skt mft topmost; (one) who rules over everyone; (one) who is above (~) shape of all things. "sarbakrrt hE." everyone. -japu. A"d"8'OT [sarbag], mrerfar [sarbagI], Ads'fdle A"d'il'l1t:T l.I"d"83' [ sarb;)1?adhIparbat] , A'd"Sl:ffq [sarbagIo] See ~. HdC@dl"jId i "kar-hu tId'3 [sarh)khadhI parvat] ~ 'TCRr. In the 74 th chapter ofthe Lanka section ofValmiki's tapavasu prabhu sarbagr."-prabha am 5. Ramayan, it is mentioned that Sarbosadhi "puran sarbagIo."-mali m 5. 2 See~. FRI"STaft [sarb~fgi] Skt ('lClh:Jl1'1 adj whose limbs mountain was beyond Mount Himvan but in between Mount Rishabh and Mount Kailash, partake the entire cosmos; the Creator, in whose image the cosmos is created. "sukhdai over which are to be found four divine herbs. (1) mrrtsajivni, which can revive the sarbagE."-sar m 5. ~ [sarba1J.a] See mr 4. 2 Skt ~ an dead. archer; one who makes his living as an archer; (2) vI1?lyakar1J.i, which can heal wounds. (3) suvara1J. kar1J.i, which can heal the a soldier carrying a bow. wounded and diseased limbs and make them JRmT<!t [sarba1J.i] See ~. AaSldl{ [sarbatam] Skt "('l"qh"l1~, soul of healthy, strong and beautiful. everything; one's self. "sarbatam hE."-japu. (4) sadhani, which can cure wounds the moment it touches the affected parts. "sarbatam jInI ja1J.Io."-savE'ye mIke. This mountain is said to be at a distance mmro [sarban] See FRrnTO. of 4000 kos from Lanka. When Ram and AaSI!!ldcNIJ'l [sarbabhar1J.a<;lhy]-japu. sen ~-
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and ship, the distance ofAyodhya from Lanka Lachhman were caught in the ceh~stiall trap is 1960 miles. laid by Indarjeet and fell unconscious, then Hanuman, upon Janbvan's order, carried this ~ [sarb;}s] See FKrn13. mountain and cured Ram and the others and 'fI'a'ior [sarbag] ali parts ofthe body. "mE gal).at na aVE sarbaga."-maru solhe m 5. 2 all good returned the mountain to its original place. This qualities. "jIu pani sarbag."-s k;Jbir. mountain was brought again for the second 'R'aS'CJIOT [sarbagna] Skt ('IClfsJTI'"\ complete in time when Lachhman fell unconscious. Valmiki Section 6, Ch 50 has an essay that all respects, not lacking in any respect. "ek raVIa sarbagna."-maru solhe m 5. describes how Inderjeet trapped Ram and Lachhman in a snake-snare and made them mn:raft [sarbagi] See Adaalii'. "sabhna adar hE sarbagi."-BG 2 A beliefor doctrine enjoining unconscious with snake-like arrows. The upon the devotees to wear the symbols of Shiv entire army was mndered unconscious. Then, Tara's father and Sugriv's father-in-Iaw, on their limbs, arose with Mastnath Yogi. Its followers take alcohol and non-vegetarian Sukhen asked Hanuman to fetch two herbaceous plants from Mount Chandar and food and remain naked, and do not practice untouchablity in matters of food. The Mount Dron in Keer Sea - Sanjivni, that pilgrimage of sarbangis is in Bohar near bestows life, and the other, Vishlaya, that heals the wounds. As Hanuman was preparing Rohtak. The people of this sect eat even garbage/filth, termed 'ghori' or 'aghori' by to leave, Garud came and neutralized the them. See~. effect of the snake trap and he did not have F.RI9 [~arabh] Skt n an eight-legged monster to take the trouble to go. living in snow-clad mountains that hunts even In Hanu Natak (a play on Hanuman), the lions, according to descriptions by Sanskrit uprooting of Dronachal has been mentioned, poets. He is also known as Ashtpad Sinhari, and the distance of the mountain from Lanka is said to be - "sath lakh yojan hE ko~a. kon the eight-footed killer of lions, and Mahansakandhi, See fRrrd'. 2 a demon. 3 a camel. jaI jIy hE na bhamsa." When Hanuman took Dron and flew over 4 son of Shishupal. 5 Vishnu. Ayodhya on his way to Lanka, Bharat shot ~ [sarbhan] equal in weight, balanced. arrows and brought him down thinking that "name sarbhan sona lehu."-bher namdev. 2 having filled the pond. "sarbhan sokhE." he was some mischievous demon. When he found what the truth was, he felt repentant -o:Jkar. and asked Hanuman to sit along with the ~ [sarbhar] weight carried on one's head. 2 weight which one can carry on one's head. mountain on his arrow, so as to enable him to 3 disaster in water. "thaI tap-hI sar bhar." reach Lanka immediately. In this context, the chapter tells: "jIti dur te lyayo hE gIrL tIti -tukha bar;Jhmaha. 'Land is parched in Jeth, dur I;}ka pache phIrI." According to this and water dries up, that is, even ponds are parched.' poet, Ayodhya is thirty lakh yojan (a measure of distance) away from Lanka. If we look at ~ [sarbhan] on one's head, upside down. the map of India and try to visuallise it, per 2 See fH'd' ~. the crow-flight then it is far less, but by rail ~ [sarbhag] Skt ~ an ascetic whom
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Ram and Sita visited in the Dandak forest. of forest creatures. 5 a wave referred to as When he saw Ram, he said that his heart's FRJHT in the Dasam Granth, its root being Skt desire was fulfilled and that he would now ~;:r, which means air and motion. "set proceed to heaven, Saying this, he walked sarovar hE atI hi tIh me sarma saSI si damkai."-krrsan. 6 Skt"!1Pf.:r, refuge, shelter. into the fire and died. FRIH [saram] P ( ; n shyness. "rakh-hu saram 7 home, house. 8 joy. 9 surname of a Brahmin that is Devdutt Sharma, etc. asari jiu."-majh m 5. 2 Skt J;111 effort, labour, toil, hard work. "saram kMc;! ki baI).i rupu." FRJHlFI' [sarmas] Skt ~ l'lfTR n dew, fog or mist. "suraj ki kIrne sarmas-hI renu anek -japu. 3 sknrf.:Uoy, bliss, happiness. taha kar c;!aryo."-cJl;ii 1. 'The rays of the sun FRIH l:hr [saram khac;!] a region of hard labour. 2 a sphere ofjoy, the region of bliss. See FRJ}f dispersed the mist.' ffiJlfTlff3' [sarmapatI] sarma's (the bitch) 2 and 3. 'RQl1t!' [sarmad] A .J. / n the Creator who has husband, a dog. 2 Vibishan. See FRJHT 3. neither a beginning nor an end. 2 a faqir, Jew FRJHTljJT [sarmaya] P :L/ n capital, wealth, of Kashan in Persia. Muslim in name only, assets. he used to frequent the company ofVedantic FRJfi.kt" [sarmfda] P ~~; adj shy, ashamed. "jIh karni hoy-hI sarmfda."-dhana m 5. scholars and have debates on the Quran and the prophets. He was a special friend of Dara FRIl:f [saramu] See mn-r. "saramu dharamu dUI chapI khaloe."-trIJg m 1. Shikoh. In 1661, (Sammat 1719) Aurangzeb got him executed to punish for remaining ~ [sarmJr] a hilly principality towards the east of Ambala, between the rivers Jamuna naked down the waist. His tomb is in Delhi and Satluj, that is also known as Nahan. See near the Shahi Masjid. "sarmad bac;! darve~ sagharyo."-GPs. 3 Skt m+R adjwho bestows "('jTJ<'). 2 a coronet, meaning chief, e.g. "bnar vas sarmJr." See '(')'elT. See~. happiness. 4 n Vishnu. ffiIlift [saryi] A adj bound by religious F.RJH'i')'IQ [~aramnak] P J~; adj shameful. practice, a religious taboo. "maha sarEyan te "~aramnak hVE hrIdE, bacan has has kahE." c;!arpavE."-GPS. 2 that which is related to a -carrtr 245. 2 shameful. lHflfT [sarma] Skt n Devshuni, a bitch religious practice. belonging to Indar in the Rigveda; the aalJild'm [~aryitabil tight trousers or pyjamas down to ankles, worn by Muslims. mother of two dogs named Sarmey. They had ~ [$aryimuccha] moustaches of Muslims four eyes each and belonged to Yamraj. that are clipped above the lips. 2 the term is also used for a mother-dog. "hOI gai sarma tan turan."-NP. 3 the ~ [saryu] a river that flows near Ayodhya, also known as Gogra and Ghagra. According daughter of Shailoosh Gandharav and the consort ofVibhishan, had the charge to look to Valmiki's Ramayan it is known as Saryu for originating from Mansar. after Sita in Ashok Vatika and was her wellwisher. "ut trIjti sarma sahI t sunhf siy ki 'Rd(i) [saral] adjnot crooked, straight. "mE saral karaga akia."-jJgnama. 2 honest, guileless. bat."-hanu. 4 in the Agni Puran and Bhagwat, Sarma said to be a daughter of "bhae saral pUrI mahI je bami."-NP. 'The Daksh and wife of Kashyap, is the mother crooked became straight.' 3 FT-~. a text that
J";
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can be recited correctly and fluently by segmenting it at the right places. e.g. "grathi saral path karda hE."-prov. ~ [sarloh] Pl.,} /11 a writing on a sllate or tablet. 2 the title page of a book, with gilded ornamentation and writing on it. ~ ~ [sarlohe jaragari] 11 golden embroidery work done on iron; gold work done on iron. ~ [sarav] See 'R'~. 2 P J /'11 a cypress tree. "sarvo sahi caman ra."-ramav. See F!2'. ~ [saravgami] adjomnipresent, one who can go anywhere. 2 11 See 1Wiit ~ glf 33. ~ [sarvagy] See ~. ~ [sarvaD] See~. 2 son of blind Andhak rishi Vashya, whose real name was 'Sindhu'. He was a devoted son and was shot accidentally in thl;:: dark by raja Dashrath, who mistook him for an animal in the jungle. "hov sarvaD vIrla koi."-BG See fi:fg 9.3 See crw
~w.
[sarvattaD] 11 moisture. ~ [sarvatr] See ~. ~ [sarvan] Set: ~ and ~. ~ [sarvar], F1~ [sarvaru] See lN~. 2 Indus river. "bharI sarvaru jab uchlE."-suhi farid. 3 Lake Mansar. "hi sarvafU til hasu." -sri ill 1. 4 short form for mr-~6'3'. a corn (on foot or hand); a whirlpool. "na survaru na uchlE."-sulli ill 1.5 Dgthe sea, ocean. 6 P .JJ / chieftain, leader. 7 See~. 8 SktmeR adj piebald, streaked. ~ Hfu' ~1J, ~H Hfu' ~ [sarvar mahI hasu, has mahI sagaru]-dh:ma d m 1. 'There are discerning people in the congregation, and their hearts inhere ocean of knowledge, Le. the Creator.' Ra~a;s' [sarvarra]1 a pond, tank. 2 the best among the water bodies, the ocean, See ;p-. ~ [sarvarrE] in the water (ocean) "tItu
sarvarrE bhaile nIvas3.."-sopUrdkhu. i.e. 'in the ocean of the universe.' ~ [sarvari] adjSultan's devotee, belonging to the Sultan. 2 Skt~ 11 a star-studded night. See ~ 8. 3 turmeric. 4 P t,J.JJ / headship, leadership. ~ [sarvaru] See ~ and ~. ~ CfI'liI013' [sarvare kaynat] P .::-~ ( .JJ / adj the ruler of the uniiverse. ~ [sarvai] See ~. moisture. "harIt durba jal sarvai."-GPS. ~ [sarvag] Skt ~. all the limbs. 2 a complete body. ~ [sarvaDi] 11 Shiv's consort; Parvati; Durga. FI'dWO [sarvan] See ~. B'aWl? [~arval] See ~. ~ [sarvar] n a grove of willow reeds. 2 reeds of this shrub, a grove of reeds. Rd~d~i [sarverva] P U'J.JJ / ever growing cypress tree; ever moving tree, that is, a beloved. ffiJT [sara] n short form for ~. "sacu mIlIa tIn sophia rakhaD kau darbar ... sacu sara gur bahra jIsu VICI saca nau.... ta manu khiva jaDi ja mahli pae thau."-sri ill 1. 2 P '/ a l1bme. 3 an inn, hotel. 4 At.,.; a direct path. 5 religious decorum, tradition of religion. "SUDIE sara gUDa ke gah."-jdPU. JfdT [sara] See mr. "so mItI jaD nanka sara mera jatah."-var asa. 2 See ffiJT 2 and 3. ~ [saraugi] See ~. mPfu [saraI] P L.'/ 11 an inn. "mahIl sarai sabh pavItu hahI."-var sor ill 4. 2 a residence, place, house, meaning - universe. "duhi sarai khunami kahae."-suhi ill 5. 'named a sinner in both the worlds.' 3 a village near Muktsar in Ferozepur district, See H3' tit mPfu. Rd,feeij [saraIcau], Haifee ' [saraIca] P ,,?'/
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n a small house. 2 a tent, camp. "satokh (c) k$ayah is performed on the death anniversary of one's father. saraIcau."-savye m 4 ke. "jacE gharI dIg (d) mahalay is performed in the first half dISE saraIca."-mala namdev. "chatr saraIce."-maru m 1. ofAsu. FRJTfu '("jT(JJT [sara I naga] See 1-S t!t FRJTfu. "jivat pItar na manE kou mue saradh mrrfu'ar [sarana] adj moist, verdant. "sImal karahi."-gau kabir. rukh sarana."-var asa. 2 straight as an arrow. mro [saran] See ~. "jan nanak parIo saran."-sar m 5. ~ [sarai] See FffiTfu. 2 A adj wild. "num nama sarai bakria carda si."-JSBM ffiJ11.f [sarap] Skt a curse. ffiITR" [saras] short form for FIO'l1O. mJ1tfO [sarapar] See FRJ1.Rf. "ChOeJI sarapar mJ1FrO [sarasan] Skt F.RJTFIO n an archer; one jana."-dhana m 5. which is used to shoot an arrow; bow. FRJTtfT [sarapa] P ~I/ short form forrt.r Fre" 3'" tfT. from head to foot, i.e. the whole body. 'R'a"mf [sarasar] P /'/ from one end to another. ~ [sarapIa], mrtit [sarapi] See JreTl.f. 2 all, complete. See ~. 3 ab initio. 'ffiITU [sarah] n appreciation, praise, eulogy. 2 adj cursed, damned. "jo jo sat sarapIa se phn-hI bhavade."-var gau 1 m 4. "dar FJa'TCJ3" [sarahat] A ..:,...:>I/" openly, transparently, bhrasat sarapi nam bin."-basJt a m 1. 'Those clearly. who are not devotees of God, are the cursed ~ [sarahan], ~ [sarahna] v to praise, and degraded ones.' eulogise, appreciate. 'f.Rl'ICi{3" [$arakat] A .:;:.Ii/partnership, share~ [saraph] See JreTl.f. 2 A ..JI/" n one who trades in money etc.; a money lender; "je hove holding. 'ffiI"CJf [sarag] adj colourful. 2 loving. 3 with nadar saraph ki bahufI na pai tau."-var majh musical sense. m 2. Here saraph stands for Satguru. 'R'a'tf [saraj] A c,r/ n a saddler. 2 a jockey. 3 an ~ [saraphat] A ,,:,jl/ nobility, goodness, honour. See 'FI"a'G 7. earthen lamp, lantern, light. FRJ'R3' [sarajat] A ~I/ n the craft of making ~ [saraphi] n money-changing. "Esa sahu saraphi karE."-asa am 1. 2 See ~ the saddles. cursed one. FRJTift [saraji] A J:I/ shining, illuminated. ~ [saraphil] whose name is Israphil also Al;ji t:fl fa [sara ji t I] See Fl'O'tl"3". 2 See 'R'd"l'tft. See :Gfa"R3T. "caeJhyo taU taji sarajitI sobhE."-paras. 'A radiant rider looks smart on an agile horse.' JreTa' [sarab] A ",:,,1/ n an alcoholic drink. 'R'ijTg' [sarat] See ft:Rrr3'. 2 frolicsome water, wine, See lJW and Fh-r. ffiJ'tT [saradh] Skt ~ n an act of devotion. 3A ",:,,'/ 4 See~. 2 offerings offood and clothes with reverence ~ [sarabi] adj who drinks alcohol; drunk. to or in remembrance of one's ancestors. Per "bhajat hE grahI choeJ sarabi."-krrsan. the Hindu belief, a $aradh has four features: mJ1liI' [saray] See FffiTfu. (a) mty $radh: daily offerings of water, "ffiJ'Q [sarar] short form for~. See })fFfQTij". 2 A .If/ n sparks of fire. 3 possessed as if by etc. that are made to gods. a spirit or ghost. "km sarar bhayo IS ko?" (b) parvaJ).: offerings made on festive -NP. occasions like the day of new moon.
J,/'
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[~ararat] A ':;".Jf/ a mischief, wickedness. See FRf 15. F.Rr'QT [~arara] A e.Jf/ n a spark, flare, burst of fire. 'fRJ'W [sarala] n a tall grass having black thorns at its head. 2 a vililage five koh to the east of Phagwara, also known as 'Guru ka Chakk'. Here the ninth Guru rested after journeying from Bakala. A Pal ash tree known as 'Gurpalah' still stands there since that time. The incharge is an Udasi ascetic, Se:e WOLIW<T i: 3. ~ [sarav] See ffiJra-. 2 a hamlet at a distance of one koh to the Wiest ofthe village ofBahibal in the state of Fanidkot. Guru Gobind Singh stayed here. The gurdwara is known as Gurusar. See i!J~Hlr i: 4. 3 Skt n that which prevents milk, curd etc. from curdling; an earthen vessel. 4 a pot of clay; an earthen bowl. 5 sixty-four tolas of weight. ~ [saravar] Skt~. n a quiver, bow. 2 a shield. 3 an armour. 'Rfu [sarI]. adj balanced, even, equal. "ham sarI dinu daralu na tum sarI. "-dhana ravIdas. "hanuman sarI, garur samana." -dhana kabir. 2 in the pond, on water. "sarI has ulathre ai."-sri m 1 pahire. 'The pond is the body, the swans are the white hair.' 3i Skt n a river. FI'fubfT [sana] adj created, made, crafted. 2 became a pond. '''tIsu bha!).a ta thah SIrI sarIa."-bher m 5. 3 See ffiJ<!". AfaR' [sarIs] adj angry. 2 balanced, even. 'Rfa1:r3r [sarI~ta] P ;:~.J / ' an office, a register. AfaJ:l3i(j [san~tedar] P .Jf)"::;.J/ ' an officer, incharge. ~ [sarI~t] P .:;...~ /' n a blend, mixture. 2 yeast; an innate quality. 3 a characteristic, habit, temperament, nature. Hfuorr [sarIka] A j /' n theft.
mI"'Q'd'
'Rfao [san~h] See fFlij'Q. 'R'ftJor [sarlttha] to/for the world. "ap tare taren
sarI~~ha."-BG
a river, so called because it is ever-moving. See flI vr. 'Afu3t:r [santaj] n son of the river Ganga, Bhisham Pitamah. 2 grass.-sanama. J1fa3'r [sarIta] Skt n a river; something gushing forth. See'Rfa'3". "het bhagatI sarIta bIstaran. nanak raI jagat nIstaran."-NP. Afdd1fQtmr [santadhlpatI], m'd"d"'Ottr [sarItanath], Flfu3;t1fo [sarItapatr] master of rivers, the ocean. 2 Varun. Afa3AifI [sarItesri] n the goddess of rivers, Ganga.-sanama. Afirq [sarIdh], Afdfu [sarldhI] n a receptable of the rivers, ocean.-sanama. ffift [sari] See FIfa'. 2 See ~. "bhalI sari jI ubri."-sri m 1. 3 iron rod. "sari sar ki janu Ih badhi."-GPS. 4 with arrows, with shafts. "bedhr tikh;~m sari."-keda m 5. ~ [sariat] A ~~ / n a path, way. 2 a religious path. 3 a tradition established by a religious preceptor. ~ l.I'dlJ [~ariat parast] P .,;;..r' {~/ adjthe follower ofa religion; a protector of religion. ~ [sariatI] See ffil9;,ra'. "musalmana sIphatI sariatI."-var asa. FRftJ'>IT [saria] adjcreated, formed, made. "bfdu rakatu mIll pfQu saria."-maru solhe m 1. 2 a long iron rod. FRftu [sarih] A (; /' adv manifest, perceptible, evident. mmr [sarTh] Skt fWtTq- a tree. L Acacia Sirissa. mftu<y [sariha!).], 'fRilc:Jo' [sarihan] P adv visibly, evidently, See FRfkr. mjlc{ [sarik] A ...{/ n a partner. 2 one who considers another as equal. "tIS ka sarik ko nahi."-var vac;f m 3. 3 Skt ~ adj elegant. 4 beautiful.
'Rfu3" [sarIt] Skt
mr.
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mflctt [sariki] adjwho shares, who is a partner.

"tab hUI JjhIsat sariki."-asa kabir. 2 n a share, partnership. FRftt:r [sarikh], ffiflc:p- [sarikha] adj balanced, even. ~ [sari!).] a subcaste of the Khatris. See~. Jfu; [sariph] A adj good, noble. 2 elderly; (one) who maintains his dignity. 3 n the ruler of Mecca. This is a traditional meaning, just as Amir has always been the epithet of the emperor of Kabul. ~ l$arifa] See ~. mfRr [sarir] Skt adjthat dissipates moment by moment.! "nnmal deh sarir."-sri a m 1. 2 n body, physical body. "sarir svasth khi!). samae SImratI nanak."-sahas m 5. 3 P ,(/' adj good, noble. 4 beautiful. 5 A debased, wretched. 6 n a sea beach. ~ [sarirak] See H'd1fdc(. ~ [sarira], mfIfu [sarin], "ffifRft [sariri] Skt ~, n a soul. 2 a living creature. "dehI bImalmatI sada sarira."-asa kabir. 'May the creature be blessed with good sense.' 3 to the body/soul. "deh sarin sukhu hOVE sabadI han naI."-vaq m 3. 'May the body and soul receive bliss from reciting the Creator's Name.' "Rg [saru] See ffif. 2 n a sound, melody. "sur saru sosIlr."-maru m 1. 'Dry up the pingla vessel with a kind of breathing exercise. 3 Skt anger. 4 a weapon. 5 violence, murder. 6 adj violent. 7 lean and thin. "Rgl:fT [sarukha] adj angry. 2 harsh, without gentleness. "sunat raI ur ns bhar sarukha." -NP. Rg [sam] See ffiJ<!T. 2 P j / n "saru ek sar khare hare hare pat jare."-GPs. Skt cypress tree L Cupressus Sempervirens. 'R"VJ [same] Skt ~ adj interested. 2 joyful.
o-J.!/'
"nabh mag eale ehItI path eale bahu, eale adhar 2 same hi."-saloh. 3 R-"fuwith interest. Rgtr [samp] adjofthe same or identical form. 2 ~ beautiful form. "eatur samp SIana soi." -maru solhe m 5. 3 ~ n oneself, self. Rgtr fl:fur [samp sigh] Jind's glorious king, son of Sardar Karam Singh Bajidpuria, who took over as the ruler after Raja Sangat Singh oflind died childless. He ascended the throne on Fagun Badi 2 Sammat 1893 (18 March, 1837). He was a wise, farsighted and able administrator. He sided with the British during the Anglo-Sikh wars in 1845-46. He supported them during the revolt of 1857 and was present with his army when Delhi was captured. The British bestowed great honour on him for his help and added the district of Dadri with Jind from the lands annexed from Nawab Jhajjar. He took over the mosque near Gurdwara Sisganj in Delhi from the British and the service that he rendered to the gurdwara will always be remembered in Sikh history. Raja Saroop Singh died on 26 th of January, 1864 at the age of fifty-one in Baj idpur. 2 See F@1.f ft::i'ur -graT. Rgtr fl:fur WW" [sarup sigh baba] This noble mahatma with great achievement to his credit was born on Chet Sudi 9 Sammat 1840 in village Pitho (Nabha state). Initially he served the state of Nabha, then came under the protection of Baba Ajapal Singh and got higher education. He was appointed mahant of Baba Ajapal Singh's gurdwara in Sammat 1869 and served at this post with distinction. He initiated a large number of people into the Sikh faith by baptizing them. He also baptized the entire family of Raja Bharpur Singh Bhagwan Singh.
231mT. - midway to the under world.
IS ee Aitrey Arr:tyak, arJ:lyak 2, Chapter 1, Part 4.
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He passed away on Harh Badi 7 Sammat 1918 in Nabha. His grandson, Baba Narayan Singh was appointt~d mahant in his place. See ~ fRuf -arar and ~ .ft:Tur -arar.. ~ [sarupcad] See Hfuw ~. ~ [sarupdevil wife of Baba Ajit Singh Bedi and the mother ofBaba Sahib Singh Rais Una. ~ [sarupI], F1W-IT [sarupi] Skt ~~~ adj handsome, beautiful. 2 (woman) with a beautiful form. "ab ki sarupI sujanI su1akhni."-asa kClbir. ~ [sarur] A .Jj /11 bliss, happiness. mt [sare] See ~. "tIn ke kaj sare."-majh barClhmaha. 2 comparable, like. "avar na duja tujhE sare."-var bIha m 4. ~ [sareu] See 'ffit;~. 2 to use, offer. "kavan seva sareu."-sClvEye m 4 ke. 3 See Fltil'. ~ [sareul).a], Fr.~ [sareun] See: ~fO. ~ [sareura] Sel~ mt~. 'ffitl:r [sares] P J!/ 11 a glutinous sillbstance extracted from the joints of bones and hide, used as an adhesive for joining woodc~n pic~ces etc. 2 a sticky substance prepared from r,esin etc. and used as an adhesive. mtJ:re [saresat] SktJIJ~. adjdeserving the highest praise. "hal'I amntkatha saresat utCl,m."--var sri m 4. "bhagatI saresat puri."-sar m 5. 2 See ~FIC. 3 Skt d mango. Jffifi:p,p- [saresIa] adj balanced; (one) who maintains equality. ~ [sarekhal).] the act of uttering sounds; speaking in loud tones. "gug na sarekhai." -BG 2 adj neighing, whining. Jffi1:fT [sarekha], mtcft [sarekhi] adj equal, comparable, even. 2 pure, unadulterated. 3 best. "gursIkhzi rahuas sarekhi."-BG narrated. See ~;. Jffi~ [sareval).] Skt #0 11 the act doing something in the b(~st way; worship, service.
See E service. "nanak bInvE tISE sarevhu." -dhClna m 1. "sace caral). sareviahI."-sor Cl m 5. "guru ke caral). sarevl).e."-sri m 5. "sada sarevi IkmanI dhIai."-majh Cl m 3. Jffi~ [sarevat] uses. 2 adv while using or offering. "gurcaral). sarevat dukh gaIa."-bClsat m5. See~. ~ [sarevan] See J~. ~ [sarevra], ~~ [sarevra] Skt ~ 11 a preacher; one who preaches. 2 Jain. 3 a Buddhist; a disciple of Buddha. "sab sarevre ke anumani."-NP ~ [sarE] See ~. "han jiu te sabhE sarE." -maru rClvIdas. 2 See F.raT. 3 adj lawful according to the Muslim laws. "san: sariatI kar-hI bicar."-var sri m 1. ~ [saroa], ~ [saroa] Skt 12~' 11 a ladle which looks like a man's right hand for pouring ghee during a fire worship ceremony; also called 'Brahmhast'. "karvaran ke kin saroe."-NP. 'Swords were turned into ladles.' rr6"R' [saros] See ~. ~ [sarosari] adjper head; each one. "nacci ka1 sarosari."-caQi 3.2 P / ' / advfrom top to bottom. 3 completely, entirely. 'R'ffir [saroh] adj angry. 2 11 tresses, hair. "kahl1 saroh pattia."-VN ~ [sarohi] See fJ:f'd"ill. FJQI"a' [sarokar] P .1(,/ concern, relation, purpose. ~ [sarokh] adj angry, angrily. Jf6'ur [sarogh] SktJNur. a host ofarrows. "sarogh prahar."-sClloh. 2 a shower of arrows. Fltr [saroj] 11 lotus flower growing in a pond. 2 Bhai Santokh Singh has written 'FJR" instead of 'fl:Rt';:r' which is a town in the state of Tank in C.P. It is two hundred miles to the south-east of Tank. The tenth Guru stayed here on his way to Nanded. "sahar saroj ujm
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ko kar sagat mela.'"-GPS: played with a bow. This was designed on the [sarojsut], ~~ [sarojbhav] Brahma, suggestion of Guru Arjan Dev. He not only born from a lotus; Chaturanan; Kamaladan. gifted it to the Sikh ragis, but also taught them 'Ad'3' [sarot] Skt ears. "OI bedhIO sahaj sarot." how to play it. See RTH. 2 See 'f'ffifer. -asa chat m 5. ' ... was overpowered by the mffo [saram] See FRJ().if. scent of musk-deer. 2 See ~. 3 a rumour, ~ [sarhia] Pu a sari, a head covering for a hearsay. woman; a dress. "dehu kahyo hamri sarhia." ffif3H [sarotam] adj F.Rf-{f3H a superb arrow. -krrsan. 2 a holy pond. 3 n Mansar. 4 Amritsar. ~ [sarhiI).a] a village in district Ferozepur, JJd"3T [sarota] Skt ~ adj who listens. "amk tehsil and police station Moga. It is situated sarote sunhI mdhan."-saram 5.2 (in Hindi) approximately 2 miles to the north-east of an areca nut cutter, shaped like a pair of broad Dagru railway station. Towards the south of scissors, also called ~. this village, a gurdwara of Guru Hargobind JRlf3' [sarotI] Sktlf~ adjworth listening to. is situated at a distance of one furlong. It is a "Iko SUI).Ia sravaI). sarotI."-var gau J m 4. small temple. The priest is a baptised Sikh. The village has donated two ghamaon ofland 2 n a source, flow. "janam mue bIn bhagatI sarotI."-asa am J. 3 See lff:.p;T. to this gurdwara. ~ [sarod] P JJ / n music; a song. "karan i1l'5' [sal] Skt ~ vr to move, go; to praise; to pierce. 2 SktFWi. vr to creep, crawl; td pulsate; sarod din hatkari."-NP 2' stringed musical instrument like a rabab (violin-like), favourite to vibrate. 3 n water. 4 praise, appreciation. with the people of Kabul. S a camel; an ostrich. 6 Pkt a pyre. "carh bEthe 'Rdg-u [saroruh] n that which grows in a pond; tahI sal ko banaI."-ramav. "gadhI meli sal lotus. "lakh sur saroruh so damkyo."-nar maddha."-salah. 7 See FR?if and Jfc;). 8 A ,j SIgh. n a cripple. 9 one whose limbs are disabled or immobile. A'd'~ [sarovar] n an excellent pond. "sarir sarovar bhitre achE kamal anup."-brla kabir. Fm'a' [salak], FR?l:f [salakh] T jft n the act of 2 a sea. simultaneously firing shots with many guns. ~ [sarovarI] from the sea. "sarirI sarovarI E volley. "kar salakh devan prItham yatra." gUI). pargatI kie."-asa m 4. 2 in the pond. -salah. "chuti tuphag-hI salakh bIsala." "ramdas sarovarI nhate."-sar m 5. -GPs. 2 Skt ~a: a piece, part. 3 back. Ffi3r [sarJta] See JJd"3T 2 FI'ffiII}f [salgam] P a turnip. In Dhanni mftJrH [sarajam], 1iffi:rrfi.r [sarajamI] P (lfl/ Pothohar it is called a thIppar. n material to accomplish, task. 2 arrangement, A'l?Uf [salagh] See rmrufT and ~. management. "sarajamI lagu bhavjal taran m;ft:r [salajjl adj shy, modest. kE." -sopurakhu. 'R'l?3'O [saltan], RN303' [saltanat], ~ [saltat] mkl [saraI).i] See FRJ().if. "saraI).i udhare."-kalki. A ~ n rule, reign. 2 kingdom. "saltan hIt mft!' [sarad] short form for~. See ~. bahu kare upay."-GPs. "maia lab sarad rahI."-BG 'Maia, a Sikh of m?a' [salab] A ~ to snatch. 2 to expel. 3 ~ Lamb subcaste lived at Sirhind.' to hang. ~ [sarada] a stringed musical instrument ~ [salabh] SktF.fl!i?J n a moth. "sanmukh devi
Adt'llj3
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ke bhayo salabh dip anuhar."-caQi 1. 2 a ~ [salahut:\a] See FIWOO. locust, pest. "gamne dal sam salabh ke kar ~ [salak], m?'i5fT [salaka], ffi?Tl:f [salakh] n maro maro. "-GPS' Armies attacked like "f.lW&T a needle for putting collyrium in the eyes. 2 a thin metallic rod. "tapat salak c;lar swarms of locust. ' ~ [salal] Skt ~ n flow of water. 2: water. chItI dai."-carrtr 70. 3 an arrow. 4 a bone. "mIlI salal sal-Ie."--nat m 4. 3 Skt F.rm? the ~ [salaghan] See FIWOO. l1Wl.II7iTGr [salaghniy] Skt ~C'fT'C:T;:(hr adj quill of a porcupine. 4 the hair of a pig. ~ [salaldhar] n water-bearer; the cloud. praiseworthy, admirable. 2 an ocean. 3 one <controlling the flow of 'fIH'UIT [salagha] Skt ~ vr to praise, boast; to Ganga; Shiv-sanama. trust; to get arrogant. 2 Skt Vc'fT'iTI n praise, appreciation. 3 a desire. ~ ffu '&Q 4 'nrfu [salaldhar an ketu cacchu an]-sanama. Kam, the en~~my of 'RW3' [salat] A .:;...rtJ,.7 n Muslim's prayer. 2 See Gangadhar Shiv, his flag - a fish, the enemy fl:rar3' 2 and ~. of its eye, Arjun. While wedding Draupadi, 'RW8' [salab] See~. Arjun had pierced the eye of the device set ~ [salabat] A ..::,.; IV n hardness, rigidness. 2 deternination, firmness. up as fish. JRWI3' [salvat] A ..::,.f;"" n plural ofm?'3'; Muslim ~ [salabatkhan] Paymaster-general of prayers. "mIte bag salvat sunat kurana." emperor Shah Jahan, king of Delhi, who was -chakke. 2 In Punjabi a satirical way of also a high official of the Arzbegis. Supplirebuking: "us ne khub salvata sut:\aia."-prov. cations to the emperor were routed through him. Upon a sarcastic remark, Amar Singh ~ [salvar] P .Jfjft A ~ n trousers. ~ [salve] S mov,es, goes. "aghu aghu Rathaur, son of Gaj Singh stabbed him to death, in the presence of the emperor at Agra salve."-var maru 2 m 5. 'You move ahead to get hold of objects.' Fort. The royal soldiers did not spare him 'R'Wfu [salaI] n a spoke, iron-bar. "bhathi adan either. The gate relating to this incident is paia mIli aganI salaI."-s m 1 bano. See now known as Amar Singh Gate. This event took place on 25 th July, 1644. ~. 'fI'l'Mft [salai] See ~l. 2 a needle for putting J1'W}f [salam] A (LV n peace, wellbeing. collyrium. "bhe: kia deh salaia nEt:\i."-trlag 2 blessing, benediction. 3 In the Quran, God m 1. 3 A long metallic needle for knitting. being blissful, is also named 'salam.' 4 short HWU [salah] n praise, ~ppreciation. 2 A (:,.IV form for (LVI. It is a convention among betterment. 3 advice, suggestion. Muslims that whenever they meet, the first ~ [salahat:\], ~') [salahan] Skt Vc1f'iM n greets with asslamualEkum meaning 'peace praise, appreciation. be with you', the second responds with va HWfu [salahI] See 'fl1'5"iJ. 2 having praised or alEkummsalam, that is (LVII!' J meaning admired. peace be with you too. 5 a salutation. "salam JmTUT [salahi] adj worthy of praise. 2 who javab dOVE karL"-var asa. 6 respect, sway. advises, a minister. "apan salahi sakal "kIa sultan salam vIhut:\a."-asa m 1. hakare."-GPs. FI"l?'li3' [salamat], FR"5"'H'f3' [salamatI] A .:V IV ~ [salahiE] let's praise, let's admire. adj safe and sound, in good health. "ill sada
I!'
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salamatI nrrakar."-japu. 2 trouble-free, without any conflict. ~ [salamti] n well-being. 2 safety. ~ [salamalek], ~ [salamalekam], ~ [salamaleki], ~ [salamalekhu] See ffi?TH. "salamalekam mukho alavE."-GPs. "mIlde musalman dUI mIl mIl karan salamaleki."-BG "vir, salamalekhu."-s m 1 bano. 'RWHt [salami] n a salute. 2 a ritual of blessing the bride and the bridegroom. 3 adj (one) who salutes. 4 sycophancy. 'RWlj [salamu] See FIWlf. "sahas nam IE IE karau salamu."-asa kabir. ~ [salar] P .till- n chief, commander. "sekh pir salar."-sri m 1. "satan SEI salar hE jake." -bhEr kabir. 2 Skt F.ffi"'Q a nail. 3 a ladder. 4 a cage. "Aft? [salr] Skt mr.;r n a wound. 2 See FR?Jf. 'Rfi;m [salIS] Skt ~ vr to embrace, cling. Hfi;aT [salrta] a river. See FIfu'3r. "gaga ke sagI salrta blgri."-bhEr kabir. See facJraT. AfMd'O'a [salrtanath], ~ [salrtapatI] Skt ~ lord ofthe river; the ocean. 2 God Varun. "Aft? ~ [salr bIsalr] n a herb that heals the wounds. See FRlicrf'q tread" and f~aMJlo(de1. "saIl bIsalI al).I tokhile hari."-dhana trrlocan. 2 a river named Shalyo Vishalya, which finds mention in the 45 th Chapter of Sakand Puran. 'R'fi;m' [salr 1] See 'A'M"M. mftA' [salis] A adj easy, simple. 2 tender, delicate. ~ [salika] A ~ n warm nature, nice disposition. 2 etiquette, manners. lffi'h:r [salikh] A n a prayer carpet; Muslim place of saying prayer. 2 a sound, word. 'R1'ffl:fd' [salikhat] A n an offspring, progeny. "salikhat mudamE."-japu. 'God's progeny is ever-lasting.'
Jffila'r [salita] P
n a camel's pannier. 2 a
v:r
t
canvas bag for packing a tent or a canopy. n cross, its shape is t. 2 a cross-shaped object which the Christians wear round their necks. This is done in memory of Jesus Christ who was crucified on the cross. mftH [salim] A adj who remains safe. 2 a Chishti Faqir ofAjmer, whose prayers are said to have blessed Akbar with a son, Jahangir. That is why he was named Salim. ~ [salimsah] See ~HF.JTU. mfA' [salus] See 'flR;m and mrn. 2 n unity, union. ~ [salGcan], Htj~ [salGJ1u] adj plucking of the hair. See~. "jamI pakre kalr salUJ1u." -basat m 4. 'Yam caught (him) at the time of death and dragged from the hair.' ~ [salOno] See H;riS. ~ [saluk] See 'lJCjol'. ~ [salul).a] adj salted, saltish. 2 n cooked, salted vegetables or dishes etc. ~ [saluri] a village in tehsil Una, district Hoshiarpur. It is situated to the north of Anandpur at a distance of27 koso It was here that Guru Gobind Singh rested for a while on his way to Nadaun to help the hill-rulers. A gurdwara which was erected during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh stands at the top of the hill. It is situated to the north ofthe railway station Hoshiarpur, at a distance of 25 miles. rom- [sales] Skt (Skt ~ vr to join, unite, embrace). n unity, union. 2 a metaphor, word suggesting several meanings. Examples: mohan tere uce madrr mahal apara. -gaucMtm5. Here Mohan stands for both God and Baba Mohan. adhI bIadhI upadhI ras kab-hu na tutE tap, parbraham puran dhani nahI bujhE partap. -gau thrti m 5.
mrnr [salib] A ~
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'bujhE' means 'to be extinguished' as also 'to 3 Skt ~cr praise, appreciation. 4 a song of understand.' 'partap' means splendour and praise. 5 verse; metre. "utam salok sadh ke distress -'parItap. , bacan."-sukhmani. In Guru Granth Sahib gurdarsan udhn: sasara.-asa m ], there are numerous metrical compositions Here 'gurdan?an'me~ans 'sight of the Satguru' under the heading of saloks. Various forms of and also 'awareness ofb-is doctrine.' these compositions are explained in Guru ehhand Divakar. 6 See fQ~. 7 See AAcr. babiha benti kare, kan kIrpa dehu jiadan. -var mala m 3. ~ H{JAFC!dl [salok sahaskntI] See HclHFg31, 'jiadan' means 'a gift of life' as weill as 'gift HclHifC5(dd i and CJlTST. of water.' ~ ~ 3" ~ [salok vara te vadhik] the ~ [salesialjoined 1Wrsc. 2 united, having saloks which remained unabsorbed while severa1 meanings. J See ~Ff 2. determining the order of the pauris. Their ~HF.I"'U or FI1furJ:rru' [salem:;;ah or salim:;;ahl number is 152. Guru Arjan Dev put those younger son of Sher Shah Suri. His original saloks towards the end of Guru Granth Sahib name was lalal Khan. Having ascended the before Mundavani. Guru Gobind Singh, while throne, he assumed the name of Islam Shah recreating the manuscript (bir) posted the which degenerated into Salim Shah. After saloks of Guru Teg Bahadur between Varan Sher Shah's death, he ruled over India from te Vadhik saloks and Mundavani. 1545 to 1553 AD. Due to oversight, Bhai ~ [salo1).a] See ~ and m%or. Santokh Singh has termed Salem Shah and ~ [salotar] Skt ~ n a rod, stick. 2 a goad, Sher Shah as brothers and has mentioned a this word is derived from the root '~' which battle at Paryag between Hamayun and these means to reprimand. 3 See ~. two brothers, i.e. ~ [salotri], ~ [salotri] adj a staff bearer. 2 a nihang Singh. 3 a veterinary surgeon. See dVE bhrata pathan vag sure, bad umrav su kin hadure. HifMJ:{l. "gan salotri turat hakare."-GPs. ~ [salonra], ~ [salonp], ~ [salona], bIgar pare dIlHpatI sag, ~ [saloni] adjFf-~ salted, rather saltish. garab than cahat bhe jag. ek salem:;;ah tIS nam, 2 beautiful. "nEn saloni sudar nari."-gau am :;;er:;;ah dusar ball dham. 1. 3 a woman with beautiful eyes. "jagu aki durag prag kar lina, salonrie, bolE gurba1).i ram."-bila chat m 1. sakal samaj juddh ka kina. ~ [salono] See m1or. 2 See fit?>. -GPS raST 1 a 10. FI'ffift [sabdi] a village situated at a distance of ten kohs to the north of Sirhind by the 2 younger brother of lodh Ray. ~ [salos1).al, m~RO [salosan] v to unite. Grand Trunk. Road. A number of Sikh See ~ to fondle lightly. "carnodak IE nm warriors who fought to defend their faith were salose."-NP See E solution. 2 to foment with born in this village. See >If'ffi fRur. ~ [salagh] n a pitchfork. It is an agricultural hot water. ~ [salok] Ff-icr the same people, the same implement. Its shape is like that of a trident. It is a large fork with sharp, widely spaced country. 2 Skt wffiu a type of salvation. It prongs for pitching straw and chaff. involves living in the realm of the Deity.
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JmJT
jag!).a."-var g<lU 1 m 4. [salyl n Guru's euologist bard. "guru ~ [savat] nco-wife. "savat gIra te man amardas sae saly bha!).."-s<lveye m 3 ke. 2 SkI brklai."-NP. See~. 2 white. See ~~ F.fl').if a wound. 3 a spear, lance. 4 an arrow. 37>. 5 a sin. 6 harsh words. 7 a brl tree. 8 king of ~ ~ 37> [savat saval tan]-scmama. a black Madrdesh, who was the brother ofMadri, wife deer; whose body is white and black; a deer of king Pandu. During Draupti's swayambar with black back and white chest. he was defeated by Bhimsen, and turned [savatr] a co-wife. See ~. "savatr enemy of his sister's sons. During the battle ek trh nrrp-hr bulai."-c<lrrtr 33. ofKurukshetar, he sided with the Kauravs and ~ [savad] See FP:R". 2 P J? may happen. became the charioteer ofKaran as he was very See'l3Fc'l. "ell savad takbir."-tilag m 1. "~avad th adept at goading horses. On the 18 day of kurban khake sadhsagatr."-digo. the battle, he was killed by Yudhishthar. ~ [savdal See ~. 2 sleeping. In Mahabharat there is a chapter, assigned" R@i!'dld [savdagar] See H~i!ldld. "savdagar ko to him. "bhae smpala bali sulr salya." tut gyo mat ghi ko."-krrs<ln. -j<lnmej<ly. WiQTO [savdhan] See ~. "sabad surat ~ FrO [saly jan] n the air.-scmama. The savdhan ho."-BG wound worsens when it is exposed to the air. ~ [~avam] P (? I will go, I go, I may go. 2 blood -S<lnama. 2 I will be, I am, I may be. Its verb is r;)~. m;:;:rfuy [salyrrpu] n the killer of Raja Shaly, FIN [savayya] See m-w. 2 one and a quarter. Yudhishtar. See J11'?Jf 8. "pal pal brkhE savayya earE."-GPs. 'will ~ [saIl] See J11'?Jf. become more and more adept.' R1?cit [saIlki] See ihr. FI"@"ij" [sayar] SkI ~ n a bhrIl caste; a low Jfior [saIlok] SkI ~ n gentlemen, pious caste, which resembles bhils. 1 See H"S"d't. people. 2 Shiv. 3 P fi? a husband, bridegroom. "prru J.1"lf [~alv] See~. ravrarasacu savra."-vaQm 4. the true master. ~ [~alvkot] See ~. 4 a commentator of mimasa sutr, Shavar. ~ [say] See "H"@(!T and ~. "dukh mahr ~ [savara!).] of the same colour. 2 of the savE."-sri <l m 3. "sukh savati."-sor m 5. same caste. 3 sounds with the same place of 2 SkI IN n a dead body, corpse. "janat jogi articulation as- l1f u or l:f aT ur ~ and ~ tr 6r tr"5" sav-hr utharo."-c<lrItr 312. "sav ko khahu ~ lJf F.f etc. brlab nahl kar."-NP. 3 water. 4 short form ~ [~avarath] See RrEit. for R'ij'@'. all. 5 SkI BCf the process of extracting ~ [savarna] v to be reformed; to improve; somras by pressing som, a creeper. 6 an to be set right. "jrtu sayre mera kajo."-sri offspring, progeny. 7 yag; oblation. 8 the sun. chat m 4. "brnu gursabad na savar-sr kaj." ~ [savgu!).] See~. 2 a hundred times. -g<lU a m 1. 3 short form for ~. ~ [savra] See mo. -c-----------,---,--,---,----,---,----::----,JFl<!' [sava!).], ~ [sav!).a] SkI F.ltiIO n a bed, IThese people used to live in the forests of central bedding. 2 to sleep. "grani jag-hr sav-hr provinces (C.P) and Rajputana. The Greek writer Pliny subhar." -var sor m 3. "kr a Siw!).a kr a calls them Suari and for Ptolemy they are Sabri.
~
mra [salhab] See fi::lc.'5rs'.
wmr
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w:at [savri] See Ram.

[saval] See mi/? 2 See mw. ~ [savla], ~ [savli] adj swarthy. "khaI aghai savli gori."--NP. 2 reasonably priiced, profitable. "lade khep savli."-sri clli'it IT! 5. ~ [sava] Skt"RtR n one and a quarter, I Y4. ~ [savaIa] adj ~ meaning more, extra. "dInu dInu cap:: savaIa."-gau thTti IT! 5. 2 xa little, hardly any. "savaIa gappha del).a."-prov. ~ [savai] See 11~. mote, extra. "'dIn dIn carE savai."-sor IT! 1. 2 n the title of Maharaja of Jaipur. "bac;\. raja jE sIgh savai. jEpur ko patI VIdIt:mahai."-GPS. See tJ{ifmur. JNIR'O [savasan] See 'ffi3TR". ~ [savahi] See :::so. ~ [sava-g] Skt B~ ~ (own) nfair (body). 2 wearing the dress of some one else on one's own body. 3 impersonation of some one dse. assumption of some one else's form. FIV'it [saval).i] n an acharay brahmin who eats (the food of) a dead body; a great brahmin. "kItre saul). saval).i hoe."-BG 'There were many omen-tellers and teachers.' 2 See~. ~ [savat] See FTa'3". 2 Skt J.::!WlJ a stream in the North-West Frontier Provin-ce. It is also known as Svant, Suant and Svat. It finds mention in Rig Ved. The Chinese and Greek pilgrims have also mentioned it. 3 plain lying in the valley of Swat river which for the Buddhist writers was a part ofUdian Desh. 'R'i"e" [savad] Skt 1ft: n taste, savour. 2 A Jly soot. 3 a stack of dried cow dung in a village. 4 ability, capability. 5 a draft of a composition. FIWO [sayan] short form for ~~, a riding bird that has beautiful gait, swan. "ban ban c;\.OIE kag kaM dhJ sayan hE?"-BGK. 2 See
~
lfO
[savam] See~.
tllY plural of~a life's description, life's narration. ~ [savani] See ~ [savab] See FfaT8". ~ [sayar] See ~ and ~. ~ [savarl).a], Fr~ [savarna] v to set right, reform. 2 to adorn, render the complexion fair. ~ [savara] See })f~. ~ [savananu] he set it right. "gur ki pEri paI kaj savarianu."-var guj m 5. ~ [savari] n a carriage, vehicle, conveyance. 2 adv early morning, at dawn. "atan gavau bah,,'lrI gavau gavau jagI s.avari."-asa m 5. ;3, See~. "jan lei pEj savari apI."-guj m 5. ~ [savare] See ~. "karaj savare sagle tan ke."-ram m 5. :2 advearly morning; at dawn. S ~ "nhavan javat hot savare." -krIs;;m. ~ [sayar] See l~. 2 See ~ 3. 3 adv early morning before sunrise. "kavI syam kahE dou sajh savarE."-krisan. ~ [saval] A Jfy n a question. 2 a request, demand. ~ [savall).a], ~m;r [savalna] v to put to sleep. "ja tInI savaiia ta say rahIa."-var bIlla m 3. FNT Wtf [sava lakh] none lakh and twenty five thousand. "sava lakh SIU ek 1arall."-rahit. 2 xa one. "us ne khalse nll sava lakh damra ardas karaIa."-prov. FNTW13 it~ [sava lakh pEkabar]-bher kabir. In Islamic literature, there is a mention ofone lakh and twenty four thousand prophets. This figure may be regarded equivalent to one hundred twenty five thousand. ~ [savalIa] See ~. ~[savIkalap]Skt~ adj imaginatively, intuitively.
~ [savamh] A
wm.
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~
[saVIta] Skt~ n the Creator. 2 father. 3 the sun. "savIta ast nIsa hUI ai."-NP ~T [savItri] Skt n a begetter, mother. 2 Durga. 3 Gayatri. 4 a midwife. 5 a cow.
6See~.
~
[saVIdy] See ~.
-mIT [$avi] P l5? May you be. Irs root is ~. mftit [savije], mftft [savijE] See ~. "sukh
sahIj savije."-var maru 1 m 3. 'Sleep in the bliss of spiritual state, or sleep in a blissful state of knowledge.' ~ [savera] n early morning, at day break. 2 advfirst. "hudE ram ki na jap-hI savera?" -sor kabir. 'Why don't you worship Ram before dying?' 3 Immediately, at once. "UI bhi lage ka<;lh savera."-suhi ravIdas. 'Close relatives also held that the dead body be immediately taken away from home.' 4 auspicious time, good time. "janam krItarath saphal savera."-gau m 5. ~ [saVE] sleeps. "gUl). ucar-hI gUl). mahI saw: samaI."-s]ok m 4. ~ [savEya] This is a popular metre having four lines with numerous names; and is mainly of two types. i.e. matrIk and varl).Ik. The best form is a matnk savEya assumes is when all the four lines alliterate; for two lines to alliterate is a must. The poets insist that in a varl).Ik savEya, all the four lines must have assonance or internal alliteration.! A large variety ofthis metre is to be found in poetical compositions. For the knowledge of readers, metres available in Sikh literature or which are our favourite are given below along with illustrations: (1) The first type ofsavEya is 'bir'. It has four lines, each line having 31 matras, the first pause being at 16 th , the second at
lIn case of savEyas of different rhymes, this rule is not applicable.
the subsequent 15th with guru and 1aghu matras at the end. It is also called matrIk savEya. Example: nabhIkamal te brahma upje, bed parhI mukh kath sayan .... jaki bhagatI karhI jan pure, munI jan sevhI gurvican .... -guj m 1. Viewed from the guru and laghu angle, this savEya is of Sen type as it has a total 31 guru and 62 1aghu matras. (2) The second type of savya is 'bal).', each line having 31 matras. The pauses come at the 16th and the subsequent 15 th , the last two being guru. Example: amntu namu tumara thakur, ehu maharasu jan-hI piyo... -asa m 5. (3) The third type of savya is of 's::>my', each line having 31 matras, the first pause being at the 16 t\ second at the subsequent l5 t \ with a nagan (III) at the end. Example: mukh te tika sahIt ucarat, ram rIde nahI puran rahIt, kan upde$ sunav logan, kachu na kamavE apan kahIt.. .. -GV6. (4) The fourth type of savya is 'da<;lkala'. This is also known as 'nIsakar'. It has four lines, each line having 32 matras. The pauses come at 16th and the subsequent 16th matra with a sagan, 115, at the end. Example: buddhI vIvek gyan ar vIdya, saphal hot upkar karat jo.... (b) the second form of 'da<;lka1a' has 18 th and 14 th matras, with a sagan, 115, at the end.
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Example: satI guru matIgur, bImal satsagatI, atamuragI ca1u1u bhaya, jagya manu kava1u sahjI parkasya, abhE nrrajanu ghar-hI 1aha.... -savE'ye m 4 ke. (5) The fifth type of savEya is "mal:f'd', each line having 32 matras, with pauses at the 16th and the subsequent 16 th with yagan, ISS, at the end. Example: te sadhu han me1-hu svami, jIn japIa gatI hOI hamari. tIn ka darasu dekhI manu bIgSE, khInI khInI tIn kau hau baIIhari.. -bhE'r m 4. (b) With only t",'o guru matras at the end instead ofa yagan is also a form of'malId' as: kab 1agE mastak carnan raj, daras daya1u dngan kab pekh6, amnt bacan suno kab sravnanI, kab rasna benti bIsekh6.-BGK. (6) The sixth type of savEya is "saman', each line having 32 matras, pauses being at the 16th and the subsequent 16th with a bhagan, 511, at the end. Example: brahmadIk SIV chadmunisur, rasakI rasaJkI thakur gun gavat, ".. re man mur SImar sukhdata, nanak das tujh-hI samjhavaL ... --savE'ye sri mukhvak m 5. (7) The seventh type of savrya is 'drumI1a'. It is marked by 4 lines, ~)ach line having 32 matras; the first pause is at the lOth the 2 nd at the next 8 th the third at the subsequent 14th matra with a sagan and two guru (115, 5, 5) at the end. Example: jay jay ka1gidhar, sevak dukh-har,
nahI samsar ba1 ke dhari.... (8) The eighth type of savEya is 'lalrt'. It has 4 lines, each line having seven magans with two gurus at the end: 555, 555, 555, 555,
555, 555, 555, 5, 5.

Example: dekho ju kEse e jhaqe jo jhu1e hE dh5se ki dhDk6 se ~abhu bha bho1a ...
-sIkkhiprabhaka~
(9) The ninth type of savrya is 'madrra'. It has 4 lines, each line having seven bhagans, with one guru at the end. 511, 511, 511, 511, 511, 511, 511, 5. Example: satat hi satsagatI sag, surag rate jasu gavat hE.... -savE'ye m 4 ke. (10) The tenth type of save:ya is 'mattgayad'. It is also known as 'fdav' and 'malti'. In Dasam Granth it is called 'bIjE'. It has 4 lines, each line having seven bhagans, two gurus at the end 511, 511, 511, 511,
511, 511, 511, 5, 5.

Example: danav dey phanfd nIsacar bhut bhavIkkh bhavan japEge, jiv jIte ja1 mr thaI mE pal hi pal mr sabh thap thapEge, pOn pratapan baqhat jrdhunI papan ke bahu pOj khapEge, sadh samuh prasan phIrE jag . satru sabhE aVIlok capEge. (11) The eleventh type of savEya is 'cakor'. See ~ 2. (12) The twelfth type of savEya is 'arsat'. It has 4 lines, each line having seven bhagans and one ragan. 511, 511, 511, 511 511, 511, 511, SIS. Example: SVE nIj pay pramod sada ~abdadI VIrac vIkOth 1akhE vIkha, jii ~ubh kiratI ko jag mE
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gal).nayak sarad hl1 na sakE IIkha, hE kac dipIt cftmani sam ujal amnt si IIkhni Ikha, muratI l?ri guru bhed na racak dhan guru aru dhan gurusIkha -sIkkhI prabhakar. (13) The thirteenth type of savEya is 'ramy'. It has seven bhagans with one guru in first line and eight sagans each in the remaining three lines. Example: bhejat hE Ih pE ham ko Ih gvarani rup guman karE, Ih janat ve ghat hE ham te tfh te hath biidh rahi na tarE, kavI syam pIkho Ih gvaranI ki matI syam-hI kop na nEk QarE, tIh s5 bal jaO kaha kahIye tIh lyavhu jo mukh te ucrE-krzsan. (14) The fourteenth type of savEya is 'knit'. It has four lines each line having eight bhagal).s 511,511, 511, 511, 511, 511, 511, 511. Example: caQ pracaQ tabE bal dhar sabhar lai karvar karl kar. ... -cJeji 1. (15) The fifteenth type of savEya is 'durmII', also known as 'cadrkala'. It has 4 lines, each line having eight sagal).s. 115, 115,
jag apas te na baQo ban bEse, nIj puj prasas na nEk bhanE nnman alobh guru gnI jEse, na tapay dukhay na bhul kIse yadI hVE sapramad pagE lag bhEse, nIskam sada l?ubh ritI dharE Updel? bhalo prad hVE SIkh Ese. -SIkkhiprabhakaL (17) The seventeenth type of savEya is 'ratan maIIka'. It has 4 l!nes, each line having eight sagans and one laghu 115, 115, 115, 115, 115,
115, 115, 115, I.

Example: bal YES katE chabI ag latE jag man ghatE paltE kul cal, bhal nitI QagE jas pOn bhagE CIt cft jagE na lagE prabhu nal, tan rog baQhE atI pap caQhE SUCI tej kaQhE su maQhE jag jal, khal balbadhu mud racIk karan phekat bfdu amolak lal. -nIrma] prabhakar. (18) The eighteenth type of savEya is 'kOdlata'. It is also known as 'sayan', 'sukh' and 'har'. It has 4 lines, each line having eight sagans and two laghus, 115, 115, 115, 115, 115, 115,
115, 115, II.

Example: jar jaI nahi kIS te ajri as paI gae sagri ur me jar..... -GPs. (19) The nineteenth type of savEya is 'surdhunI'. It has 4 lines, eight sagans and one guru in the first line. In the remaining 3 lines, there are seven bhagans and two gurus. Example: han so mukh hE harti dukh hE alkE harhar prabha harni hE, locan hE han se sarse han se bharute han si barni hE.... -cJeji 1. (20) The twentieth type of saVEya is
115, 115, 115, 115, 115, 115.

Example: mathra bhanI bhag bhale un ke man Icchat hi phal pavat hE.... -saveye m 4 ke. (16) The sixteenth type of savEya is 'sOdri', also varyingly known as 'sukhdani', 'manmodak', and 'malIi'. It has 4 lines, each line having eight sagans and at the end is a guru. 115, 115, 115, 115 115, 115, 115, 115, S. Example: parnfd daga cugli na karE
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'manoj'. There an~ in the first line eight sagans and two laghus. The remaining 3 lines carry eight bhagans each. Example: brrkhbhanu suta pIkh rijh rahi atI sudan: sudar kanh ku anan, rajat tir nadi jJ:h ke su vnajat phulan ke yut kanan -krrsan. (21) The twenty first type of savEya is 'mal).Idhar'. It has 4 lines, each line having eight yagans: ISS, ISS, ISS, ISS, ISS, ISS, ISS, ISS. Example: jIti vasna ek hi basna me jIte ;'}g so ek hi ;'}g me hE. -nrrmal prablltakar. See ~ (a) and ~'l:ifT3" (d) (22) The twenty-second type of 'savEya' is 'g;'}gdhar' or 'g;'}godak'. It is also called 'kMjan'. It has 4 lines, each line having eight ragans. SIS, SIS, SIS, SIS, SIS, SIS, SIS, SIS Example: jhuth ;) 10bh ko tyagkE sajjno! saty s;,}tokh ko CI tt me dhanye .... (23) The twenty-third type of savEya is 'ut;,}kal).'. It has 4 lines, each line having seven ragans and a guru. Example: c;)r c;'}dr;'} kar;'} chatr sur;'} dhar;'} bed brahma rar;'} dvar mere.-ramav. (24) The twenty-fourth type of savEya is 'sudan:'. It has 4 lines, each line having 115, 115, 511, 115, 551, 151, 151, 1,5. Example: munI dey na pavE thak matI gavE hE bIn ad:r an;'}t guru... (25) The twenty-fifth type of savEya is 'vam', also known as 'makr;'}d', 'madhvi' and m;'}jari. Its each line has seven jagans and one yagan. 151, 151, 151, 151, 151, 151, 151, ISS.
Example: karo na bura kIhko kabI hi mrrdu bEn bhano tajkE kutIlai... (26) The twenty-sixth type of savEya is 'mattakrira' with each line having 555, 555,551, III, III, III, III, 1,5. Example: pavE vIdya dharE sIkkhi kab-hu na dharat kupath pag nar so... (27) The twenty-seventh type of savEya is 'abhar'. It is also known as 'patal'. Its each line has eight tagans. 551, 551, 551, 551, 551, 551, 551, 55!. Example: japE na hiko ju jE sarvdata kahii hoy puje nadi kup pakhan? rakha na hOVE kadi;'}t vele bIna $ri prabhu bat tu satykE jan... (28) The twenty-eighth type of savEya is 'sumukhi'. It is also known as 'mallIka' and 'maIIni'. Its each line has seven jagans with laghu guru at the end. 151, 151, 151, 151, 151, 151, 151, I, 5. Example: ju manat hE guruvakan ko rahIte jag mahI kadi na dukhi, rahE na kami dhan dham bhare grahI atam deh sadiv sukhi... (29) The twenty-ninth type of savEya is 'kr5c'. Its each line has 511, 555, 115, 511, III, III, III, III 5, with four pauses at 5th, 10th, 18th and 25 th matras. Example: prem vIhina, paI na $ati, yadapI dharatI dhan, agnIt dharhi, tap rrde te, dur na hOVE, jap tap vrat pun, pun nar karhI. ... (30) The thirtieth type of saVEya IS 'jhulna'. See second form of~. (3 I) The thirty-first type of savEya is
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'mukt-hara'. Each line has eight jagans.151, 151, 151, 151, 151, 151, 151, 151. Example: vrlok gurumukh pakaj srkkh rahe hur bh;)r rasi makrad ... (32) The thirty-second type of saVl::ya is 'lavaglata', each line having eight jagans and a laghu at the end. 151, 151, 151, 151, 151, 151, 151, 151, I. Example: jrnh na kaehu kavrta rash nahr rag vrkhe man rag lagavat, jape nahr vahguru gurumatr sarup manukkh paf-ill nazravat. ... (33)The thirty-third type of savya is 'saravgami'. Each line has seven tagans and two gurus at the end. 551, 551, 551, 551, 551, 551, 551, 55. Example: gaje maha sur ghumi raI).a hur bhrami nabha pur bekha anupa. '" -ramav. jako rrda h krrpa sath puryo prajapyar vaSE sada ertt mam matri tatha SEn he varte praI). ko tahr ke raj bhE hot nahi.... (34) The thirty-fourth type of savya is 'sarda' . Each I ine has seven ragans and guru laghu at the end. SIS, SIS, SIS, SIS, SIS, SIS, SIS, 51. Example: dhir gabhir h gyan ko pOj h prem ko rup h satru ko kal, dintahin ldin udyog me dan datar h khalsa lal. ... ~ [savat] adv sleeping. "khat pivat savat sukhia."-sar m 5. ~ [savati], ~ [savadhr] Skt~ sleeping (feminine gender). "sabh nanak sukhr savati."-sor m 5. "sukh savadhr sohagI).i." -maru C} m 1. m [sayan] See~. 2 adv while sleeping.
~ [savanvi] adj fair complexioned.
2 golden. "bhani ghari savanvi."-s farid. meaning 'a beautiful body.' 'Rifo [savanr] sleep. See tWfq. "sukh savanr." -var gC}u 1 m 4. ~ [savy] Skt adj left. 2 at some places it also means the right side. See mr.r. R~:IIRitii [savysaei] Skt <1 c l:l<1IRl"i, n one who draws a bow with his left hand; Arjun. In Mahabharat it denotes a person who also draws a bow with his left hand, meaning thereby he is ambidextrous in so far as shooting of the arrows is concerned. Arjun used to shoot arrows with his left hand also. mr [sar] n burn, scald. See reror. mrcr [sarak] Skt 1NOf n a road. Skt WT tl:fa'T and fi:rF3" are also used for a path. 2 onom a sound of the unsheathing of swords. "sarak mrano kaQQhia."-c.~qi3. JIr;ffi [saraj] See 'l.:SH. reror [sarna] v to rot, putrefY, decay. 2 to dry. 3 to burn. mrrw [saraka] on om sound suggesting unsheathing of swords. See FSiX 2. mP<!T [saraI).a] n jealousy. 2 causing of putrefaction; a decay causing process. 3 fire; which burns. "duj bhar saraI). sarra."-BG 'one who is badly engrossed/burning in duality.' ~ [sarruno] Skt ~, ~-yt full moon night in the mouth of Savan; beautiful (face)
See~.
W [sa] pron that. "kahu nanak sa kathni sar."
-gau m 5. "sa vela parvaI). jrtu satIguru bhetla."-var guj 2, m 5. 2 adj like, such (as). "tum sa mit na avar koi."-asa m 1. 3 v past tense of nrfi;r. was. "os ne aJ1u akhra sa." -JSBB. 4 Skt n Parvati. 5 Lachhmi. W [sa] indicator of past tense. See W 3. as "mE othe gIa sa." 2 a suffix used in Persian.
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of time. "cal-hu Ih.saIt."-GPS. ~ [saIban] See FJTliI"8T('). ~ [san] Dg sea (S ~ Skt FJTORr) "san sapat bh;:}re jal nnmaII."-prabha m 1. See FItB mr. "san bhare kI suk?"-var majh m 1. "VICI upae saIra tIna bhi roji deI."-var ram 1 m 2. 2 a lake. "san bhar su bhar."-tukha barahmaha. 3 This word has also been used for Shatdrav (Satluj) in particular and a river in general. "choQ dio tab tM nnmoh ko par bh;:}e j;:}b san tira."-gurusobha. 4 A /~ a poet. "je sau san meliE tIlu na pujavhI roI." H1? wftit [saul)i] n crop of the autumn season. -sri a m 1. "nanak saIr IV kahIa."-asa pati 2 See~. m 1. ~ [sauri] n om: who has the knowledge of ~ ott ~ [san ki putri] n daughter of the Sea, Lachhmi. According to a Puranic myth, music. One who tells of profit or loss from the left or right vessel. See mft. :z one who she emerged while the sea was being churned. practises tantar shastar of Shiv. 2 wealth. "san ki putri bIdan gavai."-gau ~ [saula] See ~. am 3. 'The enlightened one has abandoned wealth.' "san ki putri parhan tIagi caran talr ~ [saul adj noble, gentle. 2 1J-~~ of the vicare."-asa chJt m 1. 'Wealth has been same age. 3 n members ofthe marriage party. 4 a barber. 5 a confidant ofthe king. See mpw. discarded with contempt, considering it as a FJ'l)f3' [sa;:}t] See F1tfu3". maid-servant. ' 'R"'l$ [sa;:}r] See FfTfuo. wfu'l? [saIl] See 'fl'TlilC'5'. ~ [saagit] See 'Waft3". ~ [sail pron the same. "jo tudh bhaVE sai ~ [saI] pron same. "sfid;:}n saI sarup bhali kar."-japu. 2 n master, lord. "jIthE jair bIckhal)I."-tIIJg m 1. 2 lord, master. jagat mahI tIthE han sai."-var bIla m 4. "sukhdata h;:}rI pransaI."-s:ar m 5. 3 Skt R3lo(ld earnest money given in advance 'pral)patI sukhdata.' 3 SktW'Gf n sleep" lying to strike a deal. 4 P J~ God. 5 A 01.- one down. "mera pIru risalu sag I saI."--basat m who puts in effort. 1. 4 Skt fIl1l evening. Wit [sail, WEf [sail Skt master, lord. "tU karta 'R'fifFr [safs] E science. n essence of a branch saCIaru mEQa sai."--::sopurukllU. 2 king. of knowledge. 2 chemistry and physics. See 3 husband. 4 a saint of the sublime sort. ~. wet>W [saia] a Khatri disciple of Guru Arjan wfeR3(,) [~aIstan] P ?~ v to be wmpetent, Dev, Sethi by caste. The Guru impelled him be capable of. to perform Kirtan. He became a wonderful f.l'reR3 1 [~aIsta] P ;;5 ~ adj able, capable. preacher of Sikhism. 2 a vocative: '0 Master.' ~ [saIk] See FfTOIO[. 'R"lfu::r [sais] See m!tfr. ~ [saIl)I] S Skt a mistress, landlady. WET ~ [saidas] a resident of Daroli (district R"'fis [saIt] See B'l"liI"\:. 2 A ,,::.,Y I.- n a short span Ferozepur) who was a Khatri by caste. He This is a transformed version of Sanskrit word as mmT. wft [saul S (Skt ~rt) n taste. "sau pral)i tIna laga jIni amntu paIa."-vaQ chJt m 1. 2 ecstasy. "sau n;:} paIa jaI."-var majh m 2. 3 Skt welcome, honour. "kat n;:} paIo sau." -val' suhi m 1. 4 Skt purpose, self-interest. "tU jal) m;:}hfja sau."-var maru 2 m 5. ~ [saugi] See wm. ~ [saul)] See 1~. ~ >f"5 [saul) m;:}ll] See ~ J-R;, and ~
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was married to Ramo, the elder sister ofMata Damodari. Guru Hargobind had a long and comfortable stay at his residence. He became the Guru's disciple and attained salvation. See ~. 2 a very ardent devotee of Guru Arjan Dev, he was a Bhandari by caste. 3 a disciple of Guru Amar Das. He was a resident of Lahore and was Jhanji by caste. He was in the service of Guru Arjan Dev as well. m fifur [saidltta] a disciple of Guru Arjan Dev from Sultanpur. 2 a Jaria follower ofGur~ Arjan, who acting upon the teachings of the Guru, devoted his life for the good of the people. Hier~a [sailok] n godly people, saints. WH' [sas] Skt If'H" n breath, respiration. "sas blna jIU dehuri."-keda chat m 5. 2 a vowel, tone. "pure tal nlhale sas."-bher namdev. 3 Skt a weapon "paQ,It sap bas-hI jan murakh agam sas sune."-maru m 1. 4 Skt ~F.I mother-in-law. 5 a respiratory disease, asthma. "sanpat sas bhagf dr jur."-saloh. 6 Skt mRl", vr to praise, sermonise, preach something for the good of others, ingratiate, order, punish, warn. 7 n an order. 8 P Ji,;urine. See 'f.llF.fteri. WH" [sas] breath, respiration. 2 SktWF.r with parts. H"Ha' [sasakj Skt F.I"'Ra" adj an administrator. 2 n a king. 3 a spiritual guide, guru. 3 See RTH" 6. WH' CJTaTH" [sas garasj, RTH" faRrH" [sas gIras], RTH"0J1H" [sas gras] life and livelihood, life and sustenance. "sas gras ko dato thakur."-gau kabir. 2 breathing in and out. H"JtGiar [sastag] See l1fHCior ~. H"H [sasa!)] Dg n an order. See RTH" 6 and WFIO. Jt1H'it [sas!)i] n one who issues a warning, king's army-sanama. 2 adj (one) who administers. See RTH" 6. 'H'H"3' [sasat], FfTH3'6" [sastar], ~ [sasatu], ~ [sastral Skt ~ n a book that enforces
discipline; a law enforcing book. See RTH"-6 "sasat sfmrltI bed carI."-sri a m 5. "soi sasatu sau!) sOI."-sri m 5. "sastra bed trE gU!) hE maIa."-bher m 1. ~ [sastrag], ~ [sastragI], ~ [sastragIa], ~df3T [sastragata], ~dIJ1 [sastragyj Skt ~ adj who is an authority on Shastars. "munI jogi sastragI kahavat." -guj m 5. "sabhE sastragata kukarm5 pra!)asi. "-datt. H'Hi:}Q'dl [sastradharij adjwho lives according to Shastars, a pandit. 2 an armed man. H'H~ foa [sastranrk] ~-~ various Shastars. "parhi kok vyakara!) sastranIk."-carrtr 250. ~ [sastri] ~, adj possessing Shastars, who is an authority on Shastars. 2 n a higher level degree of Sanskrit. H"HO [sasan] Skt F.JTH(') n ordering. See RTH" 6. 2 punishing. 3 a warning, punishment. See FfTFIOT. "anIk sasan tarat jamdutah.";:-sahas m 5. "sasan te balak gam na kan:."-bher m 3. 'ignores the warning.' "del sasan jam."-ram m 5 ruti. 4 Skt ~ to breathe. H""'Hi'itI"T'Q" [sasanpak] Indar. See 'l.l'aH'Hi,). "sasan, pak sarasan jou."-NP. 'the bow of Pakshasan' (Indar). H"FIO" [sasna] Skt F.fTFl(')T n an order. 2 a warning, punishment. See FJIFlO. 3 a sermon, teaching. 4 SktFfT'FJ: ajowl, loose skin hanging from the neck of a cow or a bullock, a wrap for-neck and shoulders. H'Hfo [sasanr] Skt JFf<'l n a breath. 2 adv while breathing, which means 'while being alive.' "sasanI saSI sasI balu paiE, nIhsasanI namu dhIaw:go."-kan am 4. 'Make recitation of the Name a part and parcel while alive, and it will have its sway after death.' WH' ~ [sas nIharan] to count breaths. "jam nIharE sasa."-asa kabir. 2 to protect life. "bhagatjana ke sas nIharE."-bher m 5.
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AiAifsd [sasnottar] See ~ ~ 5 (b) [sasa] plural ofWR' "jIcaru ghat atan hE sasa."-sor m 3. 2 n a doubt. "upjE put dham bIn sasa."-carItr 279. 'Without doubt, a son will be born.' AiA'faa [sasank] Ski adj worldly, mundane. wfi::r [sasI] with breath. 2 Ski 'R' (with) rfR' (sword); with a sword. wfi:rwfi:r [sasI sasI] with every breath, always. "sasI saSI prabhu dhIaiE."-sor m 5. wfi::r fardtfA' [sasI gIrasI] while living and enjoying life. "sasI gIraSI sada manI
A"'W
vasE."-var bIla m 3. WA't [sasi] a low tribe that leads nomadic life and is ridden with crime. It is found outside India too. Many scholars are ofthe view that this tribe grew from the soldiers who came with the army of Alexander the Great, but chose to make India their home. It has nothing to do with sanhasi tribe of the jats. See FJTm:ft. F.J"F.ireo [~a~idan] P ~:J~l:- to urinate. WJ3 [sasu] See JiTR'. 2 Ski ~ adj 'R' (with) l?fl3 (breath); living. 3 n mother-in-law. "sasu buri ghan vas na devE.'''-asa m 1. Here it means ignorance. 4 breath. "jab lag sasu."-kalI a
m4. WJ3 oft 'g"l:ft [sasu ki dukhi] This is a shabad in Rag Asa is of Kabir: I sasu ki dukhi sasur ki pIari jeth ke namI garau reo 2 sakhi saheIi n~mad gaheIi devar kE bIrahI jarau reo ... 3 sejE ramatu nm nahi pekhau Ihu dukh ka SIU kahu reo 4 bapu savka karE larai maIa sad matvari. 5 bage bhai kE jab sagI hoti tab hau nah puri. 6 kahat kabir pac ko jhagra.... -25.
It means:! I I am fed up with my mother-in-law (illusion). My father-in-law (God) has affection for me. I am afraid of the elder brother-in-law (Yam-raj) 2 My sister-in-law (folly) has caught hold of me. I am longing for the younger brotherin-law (wisdom) 3 I do not feel the intimacy of the omnipresent Lord in the bed of conscience. 4 Father (the body) is always busy fighting with children (comforts and discomforts). Mother (selfishness) is always in a state of intoxication. 5 When I was with the elder brother (knowledge) the Lord loved me. 6 All this is a quarrel between the five evils. WlJ}fI'ff [sasu masu] breath and body, soul and the body. "sasu masu sabh jia tumara."-dhana mI. WlfcIT ~ [sa~tag praDam] a respectful bow with all the eight organs. See ~ y<!1'H. ~ [sa~vat] Ski adv continuous, without break. 2 daily. 3 n the sky. 4 the heaven. S Shiv. FI"U [sah] n a breath. "lekhE sah lavaiahI."-sri mI. 2 P ~~ a king. "sabhI tujh-hI dhIav-hI mere sah."-dhcma m 4. 3 a money-lender, banker. "sah cale vaDjana."-var sar m 2. 4 a title bestowed by Guru Arjan Devon a Sikh family. See Ftw 2. S lord, husband. 6 Ski ~ adj strong, dominant. FI"U 1')fTH}f [sah alam] P (~ ~~ adjmaster ofthe world, king of the world. "khakhE khiJdkar sah alam."-asa patI m 1. 2 Muazzam
IThe meaning of the invisible intrigue, described here, is not satisfactory. But most ofthe traditional scholars have their interpretations. Hence these are being reproduced here.
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(Bahadur Shah) son ofAurangzeb. See ~ life in the battle of Bhangani. "Iakhe EJij". 3 the nominal Mughal king ofDelhi, whose sahsagrarn jujjhe jujhara. tava kit bana karnana real name was Ali Gauhar. He ascended the sabhara."-VN. See ~ and ~. throne in Oct. 1760. He handed over the civil 'R"'tJJI [sahsra] See FmlJ authority of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the wtr rrA'o [sah husm] ~~ son of Sheikh then East India Company, in 1765 AD. Usman of Lahore. Born in Hijri 945, he was Thereafter he became a stipendary of the a devotee of the Lord. When Guru Granth English Government. Then the Marathas Sahib was being compiled, he too along with saints like Kahna, came to Amritsar. He becaptured him. Later in August 1788, he fell seeched Guru Arjan Dev that his compositions into the hands ofGhulam Kadir Ruhela, who should also be included in Guru Granth Sahib. maltreated him brutally and got his eyes gouged out. He was a mere nominal king of The Guru asked him to recite his composition. There upon Shah Husain recited. "cupp ve Delhi till his death on 19th of Nov. 1806. wmr [sahas] Skt n work done with force. arIa cupp ve dpa." On listening to it, the 2 courage. "kar sahas beg ji dhayo."-GPs. Guru asked him to stop i.e. to observe silence. Shah Husain died in Hijri 1008. See ~. 3 theft. 4 an act done mindlessly. 5 fire. E"'U 'F.I"aE' [1?ah 1?araf] ~~ a fakir who felt E"'U cit ~ [1?ah ki oheri] See ~. deeply obliged to Guru Nanak Dev after F.I""tJtif 1fTO [1?ahcikhan] His real name was Ahmed Khan. He was a commander of the having held a discourse with him. 2 a Sadhu king of Kabul, Zamanshah, who was the of Bihar, who had divine powers. He died in grandson of Ahmad Shah. In 1798 AD, the 1379 AD. A large fair is held at his tomb every king sent him to Punjab with a cavalry of year. twelve thousand men. He was very cruel to R1tlA'il'<! [sahsahal:tl P ~~ an emperor, king the Sikhs and Hindus. At last he was killed of kings. "sahsahal). gal).Ij."-japu. In by Sardar Sahib Singh of Gujrat in 1800AD. Mishkat it is held that Mohammad directed His tomb is situated to the east of Gujrat at a that none should be called Shahanshah, as this distance of four miles from tpe city. title is reserved only for God. wm:ft [sahsil adj (one) who courageously J:ITtJMtJT [1?ahjaha] ult.'~ He was the third son of Jahangir from Balmati (Jodh Bai), daughter of accomplishes his task. 2 persevering. Raja Udai Singh Jodhpuri. He was born in 3 inspiring. "taha sahsi sahsagrarn kope." Lahore on 5th of Jan. 1593. His real name was -VN. 4 See WJR'. WtJJ:ft [sahsi] a sub-caste ofjats. Scholars are of Mirza Khurram. After the death of his father, he ascended the throne in 1628 AD.! The the view that its root lies in the Sanskrit word kingdom prospered during his reign; the revenue 'sahasi', which means valiant, tenacious and collected per year was twenty three crores. courageous. Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the lion ofPunjab was from the same clan. 2 Sansi clan IHis full name was Abu Ali Muzzafar Shahabuddin Shah jahan. He is presumed to have become the king after is different from it. See Wfft. EPU'ffi!J1Jf [1?ahsagrarn] adj lord of war. 2 n the death ofJahangir. Hence in history his reign started Sangoshah, son ofBibi Veero, upon whom the from 1627 AD but formally he ascended the throne on tenth Guru bestowed this title, sacrificed his 4th of February, 1628AD.
me-
r.:t>
..J;
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[~ahjahapur] a town in V.P. which was built by Daler Khan, an army officer of Shahjahan in the year 1647 AD on the left bank of Deoha (Garra) river. It is situated at a distance of 768 miles from Calcutta and 987 miles from Bombay. "~ahjahapur me huti Ik patua ki nan."-carrtr 41. RTUffi-I17) [sahjaman] See ~. F.fT(ffi"'" Y'Q [~ahjad pur] See F.RfteT tft fi..r"ffi? wu;:rrer [~ahjada] P ~.ll}.-(;. adj a prince. 2 n son of Bhai Mardana, who kept on doing Kirtan in the presence of Guru Nanak Dev. ~ [sahl).i] a caste of Khukhrain Khatris. 2 wife of a money-lender. 2 wife of a king, a queen. F.JTUe" [~ahad] A f(;. n a witness; one who gives evidence. 'f.ITU'e"ij"T [~ahdara] Mausoleum of emperor lahangir across river Ravi near Lahore. A nearby settlement is also known as Sahdara. See ~. 2 a village set up by emperor Shahjahan across lamuna at a distance offive miles from Delhi. At that time, it served as a market place. 'B'Utft [$ahdi] P Uf (;. n evidence. ~ [$ahd:>la] See ~ BTU. 'R"UO [sahan] See ~ and Fl""q. Riij(,)R'ij [sahcmsah] See F!"U ~. WUOtft l:fT [sahanci kha] See FI"mff l:fT. E"'U ~ l:fT [~ah navaz kha] (.j(;;lj ~(;. son of Khan Bahadur Zakaria Khan. His real name was Hayatulla Khan. He had been a governor of Lahore and Multan. Inspired by Diwan Kaura Mal in Sammat 1809, Bhai Bhim Singh cut off his head during a battle, fixed it to his spear and presented the same to the Khalsa. 2 See ~ 1:fT()'. R"'Ufo [sahanI] n wife of a king, a queen. 2 a play by the Creator of the universe. "sahanI satI karE jia apm:."-gau kabir. 3 wife of a
He was very fond of architecture. Apart from Moti Masjid, he got a mausole:um constructed for his dear wife Arjmand Banu (who is also known as Mumtaz Mahal and Kudsia Begum). She was the daughter ofAsif Ali, a brother ofNoor lahan. She was born in 1592 AD and died on 7th of July 1631. This mausoleum cost the exchequer rup1ees four crore and fifty lakhs. It is popularly known as the Taj Mahal. Some writers have estimated its cost at rupees one crore, twelve lakhs and fifty thousand only. Delhi at present situated on the bank of lamuna opposite the Red Fort, was founded by the same ruler in 1631 AD. He named it Shahjahanabad. Elegant buildings ofDelhi like Lal Quila, Diwan-(:-Khas, Dewan-emTI and lama Masjid add to his reputation. The Peacock throne, whkh cost the state exchequer rupees seven crore and ten lakh, was got built by this king. The world-renowned Koh-i-Noor diamond, which we:ighed 319 rattis and was estimated to value at Rs. 7,815,225/-then, was presented to him by Mir lumla. Due to the ineptness of certain corrupt ministers, he persecuted Christians and Hindus. As a result, he became hostile to Guru Hargobind, so the Guru had to take up arms in self-defence. Shahjahan had four sons: Dara Shikoh, Shuja, Aurangzeb and Murad. Once when Shahjahan fell Jill, Aurangzeb (after subjugating his brothers) incarcerated him in the Agra furt in the year 1658 AD. After 7 years of incarceration by his son, Shahjahan pining all the while to rule, died to be buried at the Taj by the side of his beloved wife . INlAUi(')ia i [~ahjahanabad] a name of Dellhi. See ~. "~ahjahanabad ko kino kuc apar."-gurusobha.
F.JTUffiJiy'Q
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Bhai Santokh Singh have mentioned him as the resident of Kurham. 2 F.JTUY'Q [~ahpur] a village ofPatiala state, tehsil Shah Bhikh was a disciple of Abul Muali and police station Sunam. East of it is situated Shah ofvillage Ambhita (District Saharanpur). a gurdwara of Guru Teg Bahadur. To begin Bhikh Ji spent most of his life at Thaske town with, there was only Manji Sahib. But since which is situated in tehsil Thanesar, district Sammat 1980 a "Darbar" is being constructed. Kamal. Due to his devotion, Saint Muali Shah The village has donated about 50 bighas of also migrated to Thask and Shah Bhikh land to the gurdwara. The priest is a Singh wholeheartedly served his master. By virtue of his spiritual power, he came and it is seven miles to the west from railway station Sunam. to know of the birth of Guru Gobind Singh at Patna. So he reached there with two pitchers 2 A district of the Rawalpindi Division and is its main town. It is situated on the left full of sweets and presented them to the Guru. The Guru put his hands on both the pitchers. bank of Jehlum. 'fl""mI" [sahab] See FJIfJa". To satisfy the curiosity of his disciples, the R1clstfe [sahabcad] See Rifclatfe. Pir told them that he wanted to find with whom this divine personage (the Guru) would side, 'f.I"U'a"'iJ [~ah baz] See 'ffil"STi1. the Hindus or the Muslims. So anticipating 'f.I"U'a"'iJ fi:fur [~ahbaz sIgh] son of Vakil Sabeg his feelings, the Guru strengthened his faith Singh who used to study in Lahore's Persian with the gesture that he was the patron and school. Once he entered into a disputation well wisher of both the communities. with the maulvis where he fearlessly upheld Shah Bhikh was Saiyyed (Mir), so Thaska the point of view of his faith and condemned is now known as Thaska Miranji. During the that of Islam. Thereupon, a complaint was lodged by the maulvis and he was arrested. rule of the Mughals, a jagir was attached to his tomb which at present brings a revenue of When he declined to embrace Islam, he, along rupees three thousand per annum. with his father, was put on the torturing wheel Some writers have also named him as to die at the age of eighteen. This happened in Sammat 1802. See mtcrr fi:\'ur. Saiyed Bhikh and Bhikhan Shah. 'f.I'Tcl'8"" [~ahbad] a town of Kamal, seized by 'f.I""ijij(Jf [~ahrag] P J fi~ aorta. See ftffi. Sardar Lal Singh and Himant Singh in 1763 wur [saha] n 1] (auspicious) })ffi (day); AD where they founded their state. These according to the Hindu faith, a day fixed for brave Sardars belonged to the Nishan mis!. marriage after taking into account the planetary positions. S ~. "sabatI saha They converted the main mosque ofShahabad lIkhIa."-sohIla. "saha gaD-hI na kar-hI into a gurdwara and named it Masatgarh. ~ [~ahbhik], ~ [~ahbhikh] This saint bicar."-ram am 1. 2 part a vocative, meaning O! King "sabhna VICI tU varatda saha." belonged to the Saiyyed family. He was born in village Siana (tehsil Kaithal, district -dhana m 4.3 plural ofwu(breath). "jete jia jivhi 1 saha."-m 1 var majh. 4 short form for Kamal). His forefathers lived at Kuhram (Ghuram).l For this reason, some writers like 2"pur kuhram bIkhr huto ~ah bhikh jIh nam. nIj mur~Id money-lender.
FfTUi'IT [sahni] See RTtJ<'ft. 2 See RTtTfo.
IThis city is in Patiala state.
ke nikat rahI thaske gram sudham."-GPS.
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Sahib Kaur, his elder sister, contributed a lot to the defence and administration of the kingdom. Raja Sahib Singh died on ChetBadi 9, Sammat 1869 (26 th March, 1813). 4 Baba Sahib Singh was born in the house of Ajit Singh (son offamous Baba Kaladhari of Bedi clan) and Mata Saroop Devi in Sammat 1813. He was a man of rare quality and an ardent preacher of Gurmat. With a sense of great enterprise, he occupied a lot of territory \ and established his capital at Una. Free public kitchen (lagar) and continuous Kirtan went for~. See~. wf<:m [sahIs] See waH. on without any interruption on account of his 'R"F'fu3:;r [sahIty] Skt n the feeling of being initiative. Baba Ji died on Har Sudi 13 alongwith, a gathering. 2 the poetiics Sammat 1891 at Una. See ftor and W rn. incorporating elements like sentiment and "fI'T'ft:m tJTii5' [sahIb hal] P J(.,~ l,.. one who has metre etc. 3 any text dealing with all dements realised ecstasy; a blissful soul. of a study is known as 'sahity' RfclaaWh [sahIbkalam] n the Creator, master wfut!" [sahId] See WU"e". of language or speech. "kI sahIb kalamE." li'fcl6Ri(j [sahInsah] See ~ ~. -japu. wfua" [sahIb] A ~l,.., n a master. "sahIb seti "fI'T'ft:m C(Tl? [sahIb kall P Jli ~ l,.. adj one who hukam na ca1E."-var asa ill 2. 2 the Creator. has the courage to say what he means. 2 one "sahIb siu manu manIa."-asa a m 1. 3 a who is only a man of speech. friend. Rfclafota i [sahIbkIra] A (;.If) ~l,.. fortunate i.e. highly dignified. SeefuoT. "kI SahIbkIra "fI'T'ft:m [sahIb saur] .JY~~l,.. adjwise, prudent, sensible. hE."-japu. wfua" ft::fur [sahIb sIgh] See Lfi:r ~. 2 See H "fI'T'ft:m cio [sahIb br] daughter of Raja Amar wcit. 3 He was son of Raja Amar Singh of Singh ofPatiala and elder sister of Raja Sahib Patiala and Rani Raj! Kaur. Born on Bhadon Singh. In Sammat 1834 she was married to Badi 15 th Sammat 1830 (1774 AiD), he Jaimal Singh, son of Sardar Hakikat Singh ascended the throne at the age of six, after Rai of Fathegarh of Kanhaiya mis!. The the death of his father. In Sammat 1844 (1787 efforts she put in to expand and sagfeguard the kingdom of her brother are indeed unique AD) he was married with great pomp and show at Amritsar to Rattan Kaur, daughter of in Sikh history. In Sammat 1851 she defeated Sardar Ganda Singh, who belonged to the the Maratha army. She conducted the Bhangian mis!. By Itemperament, he was a administration very efficiently but her very credulous person and readily believed credulous brother did not value her qualities. everyone without using his discretion. During She died in Sammat 1856 (1799 AD). his reign, Diwan Nannu Mal and Rani 2 Mother of Raja Sangat Singh of Jind and Hukman carried on the governance. Bibi queen of Raja Fateh Singh, she was very
F.fT(JTO.
plural of BT(],. "SIrI saha patIsahu." 5 var ram 2. 'R"U"d [sahal).], Ff"<JT(') [sahan] See ~ 1~. wfu [sahI] See~. 2 while breathing. "sahI sahI sada samaliE.'''-guj a m 3. 3 the king (nominative case). "sahI pathaIa sahl': pasr."-asa m 5. ~ [sahIa] n the time of'R"'<JT OJ 'I1!TU). See 'R"'<JT. "oraku aIa tIn sahIa."-sri m 1 pdhIre. This means 'Death as a bridegroom has come to wed life as its bride.' 2 It is another name
-m
mto-
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proficient in the affairs of administration. See Fl"'fmr ~ J-IT3T. wfua' ita' }/l3T [sahIb kJr mata] daughter of Bhai Ramu Bassi, I Khatri of Rohtas. She was married to Guru Gobind Singh on 18 th of Vaisakh Sammat 1757. The Guru left the Khalsa Panth to her care. That is why at the time of baptism she is declared the mother, and Guru Gobind ~ingh the father, of the Khalsa. After his arrival at Avichal Nagar, Guru Gobind Singh sent her to Delhi along with the five arms of Guru Hargobind to be kept and displayed with full honours. These arms are at present kept in Gurdwara Rakabganj. She died before Mata Sundari. Her memorial is quite close to the shrine of Guru Harkrishan located in Delhi. See f'1:ft. H'FuaJe [sahIbc;:\d] a devoted Sikh of Guru Gobind Singh. He was a great warrior. He attained martyrdom in the battle ofAnandpur. As per instructions of the Guru, he was cremated at Nirmohgarh. "jit bhai tahI khalse ki aru sahIb c;:\d ki loth uthai."-gurusobha. 2 A village in district Ferozepur tehsil Muktsar, police station Kat Bhai. Adjoining the habitation, there is a gurdwara ofGuru Gobind Singh at the bank ofthe village pond. The Guru graced this place twice with a visit. A small temple and residential houses have come up close by. An Akali Singh is in attendance here. The village has donated 7 ghumaons ofland to the gurdwara. A fair is held on the Vaisakhi day. It is situated at a distance ofabout seven miles from Balluana railway station to the north-west and is connected by un-metalled road. H,FuaHle ' [sahIbjada] P ~)I) ~L,.. n son of a king; a prince. 2 Guru's son. 3 master's son. H'FuaFewar [sahIbdImag] A iLJ ~L,.. adj a
IBhai Santokh Singh has mentioned "rava" sub-caste. See rutt 5,
d
very learned man, very wise person. "kI sahIbdImag hE."-japu. wfc:ra" ~ [sahIb dIll P JJ ~L,.. adj big hearted; who has control over his mind. 2 wise. 3 a saint. 4 a spiritual mentor. "1?udaz fEze suhbate sahIbdIla."-jfdgi. H'Fuae'i!1 [sahIbdevi] See Fl""fua" ~ J-IT3T. H'FuaalFe [sahIbraI], HiFuaa'Gl [sahIbray] See
~ fi:1ur. wfua'-gcx [sahIb 10k] n God's people, servants
of God.
wfuw [sahIba] feminine of'Hlf<:ra" 2 vocative

ofFl"'fmr "sace sahIba! kIa nahi ghan terE." -ani'Jdu. wft:mt [sahIba] a damsel ofMahni Sial rajputs, engaged to a lad of Chaddhar sub-caste, but she was in love with Mirza. The Chaddhars murdered both of them; their grave is in Danapur. (district Multan) See fi.RJRr. "ravi nadI uparI baSE nan sahIba nam, mIrja ke s;:\g dosti karat athau jam." -carT tr 129. 'fl""firero fu5 [sah I ban d I 1] PIural of Fl"'fmr fc? 'fl'lfuftr [sahI bI] the Creator (nominative case). "sahIb I ;:\dha jo kia."-m 5 var ram 2. wfJat [sahIbi] P ifL,.. n ownership, lordship, sovereignty. 2 authority. ~ [sahIbu] See wfmT. "sahibu gUl).i gahera."-sor m 5. 'R'fua' [sahIr] A /v n a magician, wizard. See
fffi:Rr. FrTfu1? [sahIl] A ~v n a river-bank. wtit [sahi] P 15'~ n royal. 2 ink. "jeta akhal).u
sahi sabdi."-var sar m 1. 'whatever is verbal and written' . 3 () an effort. "ua ki rap mI tat bIn sahi."-bavan. 4 A 15'v indifference, carelessness. 5 forgetfulness. wtit ~ 'Jl'Y [sahi hu sahu] adj king of kings, emperor. "tu sahi hu sahu, hau kahI na saka gUl). tena."-suhi a m 5. 2 chiefamong money-
I.
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lenders. 'flTCf [saha] See mr. "banIta bInod saha." JPtire [sahid] See Fl"ti'R". 2 adj pertaning to a -sahas ill 5. 'with uxorious pleasure.' 2 Fl' (that)-l?f6" (myself). 3 short form forFl'-~. martyr. F.f1(flo [1?ahin] A (;~ It is generally be I ieved 'R"Or [sak] Skt mJCfi n force, might. 2 help. 3 a helpful friend. 4 vegetables, greens. 5 an that kuhi, bahni and 1?ahin are different island. See 'Rt8' t:!ltr. 6 adj belonging to the names for the same bird of prey. But it is a Shak clan. See 'fla". 7 Skt ~ one's own. 8 n mistaken belief. Kiings fond of hunting have a great grand-son, kin, close relative. 9 a bestowed the stahlS on kuhi and bahni as relationship. "tum-hI pachanu saku tum-hI 1?ahin kuhi, 1?ahin bahni. There is no separate sagI."-sar ill 5. bird as 1?ahin. See .~ l.f6ft. wy [sahu] a king. "saca sahu vartda."-sri ill ~ [sabu], ~ [sakai], 'R'oRT [sakah], wc:mr 3. 2 a money-lender. "saca sahu sace [sak-hI] can (do), having the capability. See vaI).jare."-suhi a ill 3. 3 breath. "karI bade 'FICi!<!". "tumri mahIma baranI na sakau."-suhi ill 4. "asa joru nahi je kIChu karI hamI t11 badgi jIcaru ghat mahI sahu."-tTl~gill 5. wgfo [sahunI] wife of a money-lender. See sakah."-suhi ill 4. Ji1"(J"fo. "banIk bol sahunI so bhakhyo." 'R"a'it [sakI).i] See wforo9'. "abIka totla sitla -cantr 61. sakI).i."-paras. ~ [sahurra], F~ [sahurri] father-in- WOl'3' [sakat], ~ [sakatu] Skt ~ adj who law's house. "peiar:E sahu sev t11 sahulTE sukhI worships Shakti; devoted to Durga, who worships Kali. 2 n Shakat cult, in which vas."-sri ill 5. 2 adjbelonging to the in-laws. Shakti is the chief amongst all gods. Shakti "sahurri vathu sabh kIChu sajhi pevakrE dhan worshippers, usually worship ten goddesses vakhe."-bas~t ill 1. 'Parents house is this Kali, Tara, Shorsi, Bhuvneshvari, Bhairvi, world, in-laws house is the other world.' Chhinnmasta, Dhoomavati, Vagla, Matangi ~ [sahura] adj father-in-law's house. 'fI'1l [sahu] nash. "gad-hu cadan khauliE bhi and Kamla. 3 A J,) L,.-. adj apostate, degraded. "sakat harIras sadu na jaI).Ia."-sohIla. "harI sahu sIau paI).u."--var suhi ill 1. 2 Several ke das SIU sakat nahi sag."-gav ill 4. "sakatu kings of this namt~ have ruled in the south, but most renowned of them was the grandson mur lage pacI mUIo."-gava ill 4. of Shiva Ji who was put injail quite early in ~ ~ [1?ak dvip] See'Rt8' t:!ltr. life and remained there till the death of 'R"'i5!'Ol [sakni] See 'fl'Tfa7IT. Aurangzeb. In the year 1708, he became the H'OlafC!Ol [sa.kbaI).Ik] n a spinach seller. "sakbaI).Ik jy6 kimat tahl, nahI jani kalu man king of Maratha pc~ople and ruled ~or a long mahl."-NP. time as a nominal king from the capital Satara. Reins ofthe state were held by Peshwa WOlQ [sakar] P p sugar. "jI u guge sakar manu Shivnath. Sahu died in the year 1749.3 S adj manIa."-gau kabir. See 'f.l"If'cxo. FJicRr [sakar] Pkt adjnarrow, tight. 2 Skt~. brave. pertaining to Shankar (Shiv). 3 Skt n a chain. ~ [sahukar] Skt J11'g"CiRf a rich trader who lends money on interest. "bharam moh ko na1?t kIY dVEt-hI sakar ~ [sahoval] See 'S"Q' FJ1'ftra'. 2 See i~ kat."-NP. ~ [sakarmakhi] n a honey-bee. FlO' 4.
ca
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"sakarmakhi adhIk satape."-bher kabir. ~ [sakral, WoRft [sakril adj narrow, tight. 2 Skt~. son of Shiv, Ganesh. 3 fire. 'Fl"'m? [sakal] See ~. ~ [sakal] Skt fi:fClC? a chain. "sakal jevri IE hE ai."-gau kabir. ~ [sakalap] See ~. "nuVIkalap sakalap ucari."-NP J=Iia"w [sakla], ~ [saklil See ~ WoRft.
See~.
[sakriJ n a vegetarian; Sati; Durga, Shakambhri. "ajni gajni sakri sitla."-paras. Wor;ft [siikri] See ~. 'R"TW [sakal Shak Sammat, started by Shalivahan which came into force after 78 AD. See HirM~liJ('j. 2 an event which is worthy of note in history. "dharamhet saka jIn kia." -VN 3 Skt 1ffiCfiT myroblan. 'R'QTQ [sakar] adj evident, manifest. 'H'fcir [sakIchu] that much. 2 Skt ~ n dirt, filth. "j<lha sakIchu t<lha lagIo."-maru <l m 5. 'The air does not mind touching the filth.' 'H"fait [sakIl).i] See 'J1l"fuo'T. Ffl'fuo [sakIn] A ~v a resident. "<lm<lr sigh kamoI sakIn khemk<lr<ln."-PP wfa7ft [sakIni] Skt ~ n vegetation bearing earth. 2 a yogini in attendance on a goddess. Her food is blood and marrow. It is mentioned in Sakand Puran that Sakini accompanied Virbhadar when he went to destroy the sacrificial rites of Daksh. 'f.I'l'fqQ [~akIr] A .f~ adj grateful. 2 obliged, indebted. 'R"'Oft [saki] A Jv n one who serves drinks. "badIh sakia! saGgre surax fam."-hakayat. 2 God, who imparts ecstasy of love. 3 A J'L,:. a complainant. ~ [sakuJ See RTa" 7-8 "harI mera saku atI hOI sakhai."-guj m 3. ~ [saket] n Ayodhyapuri. 2 territory around
Ayodhya. 3 adj who resides in Ayodhya. w&" [sakE] can. See~. "kOI TId sakE bhin karI."-suhi chat m 5. 'R"'iif [sakal See RTa" and~. "kalu maddh kino b<lQo dharam saka."-gyan. 'caused a religious event.' ~ [sakabhri] Skt~ n Durga, provider of nourishment with vegetation. In Markandey Puran there is a story that, once during a great famine when everybody began to die, the goddess assuming the form of vegetation covered the whole earth and thus saved the people from starvation. ]Jl(Xjf [~akyl Skt an ancient Khatri clan that used to live in the foot-hills of Nepal. It is among them that Shakay Muni (Buddha) was born. JJTC!tiT >.:rfo [saky munI] See ~t:r. FJ1iiffi [sak~ar] Skt adj learned, who can read and write. ~ [sak~at] Skt part evident, visible. wsit [sak~il Skt trrfe1;:r, n a witness who deposes what he has seen with his own eyes. See weft. ~ [sak~<lY] Skt n evidence, deposition. RTl:f [sakh] Skt ~ n vegetation, vegetable, agricultural produce. "jal bIn sakh kumlavti."-bardhmaha majh. "sakh pakadi aia hor karedi van."-s farid. 2 Skt 'H'l'6r.ir evidence, deposition. "tab sakhi prabhu asat banae. sakh nImIt dEbe thahuae."-VN ; 'gave evidence for' ... "harInam mIlE patI sakh."-maru m 4. 3 goodwill. "su sakh tas ki sada tIhun 10k manIyE."-paras. 4 SktW1=fT P iL,:. a branch. "tii ped sakh teri phuli." -majh m 5. "nam surtaru sakhah."-sahas m 5. 5 lineage; a family derived from an aboriginal tribe. 6 a vine, creeper. 7 a part of a book, chapter. Wl:f [sakhl See R"h:rJr and l:fC ~. 2 n a slice, a piece, a small portion. This word is derived from W1=fT. 3 Skt Bier adj made of conchshell.
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4 n a sound blown out of conchshell. Wl:I3" [sakh;:Jt] P ~; v See FfT}:8('). 2 a crupper
'R'lfur [sakhIO] is witness. "at;:Jrjami sakhIO."

-dhana m 5. [sakhIa] See FflCfT. 2 n witness. 3 an example, illustration. "udak samud salal ki sakhIa."-maru kabir. 'like a wave born in sea-water. ' Wl'ft [sakhi] n an eye-witness, account of a happening or history. "suD-hu jan bhai, han satIguru ki Ik sakhi."-var sri m 4. "SUDI sakhi man japI pIar."-basat a m 5.2 advice, an instruction. "gurusakhi jotI pargatu hoI." -sohrla. 3 Skt ~,an eye-witness. "guru thia sakhi ta QItham akhi."-asa chat m 5. "pap pun dUI sakhi pasI."-asa m 1. "tab sakhi pr;:Jbhu ;:Js;:Jt banae."-VN. See~. 4 a witness, an evidence, a testimony. "sac bIn sakhi mulo n;:J baki."-sava m 1. "satan ki SUD saci sakhi, so bolhI jo pekh-hI akhi," -ram m 5. 5 Skt ~~, a tree; that has branches. "jy6 avni p;:Jr saphlyo sakhi."-NP 6 a Ved, which has numerous branches. ~ [sakhi] is witness. "s;:JtIgur S;:JC sakhi."-var sri m 4. Wl.:f [sakhu] See FfTl:f and FflCfT. "bIn h;:Jnras rate p;:JtI na sakhu."-basat a m 1. 'neither honour nor good reputation.' 'R"iftJTij' [sakhocar], WtJTa' [sakhoccar] n an announcement of lineage and descent. At wedding ceremonies, it is announced so that everybody knows about the family. "sakhocar ucaran kin;:Js."-GPs. 'JiIl:I':iT [sakhy] . SktFft:f;f n friendship. 2 See~. FJicr.;r [sakhy] adj related to a numeral. 2 n an arithmetician. 3 sakhy sa$tr;:J. See l:fC ~. 1'fIOT [sag] Skt ~ n spinach, a leafY vegetable. 2 a cooked dish of mustard and spinach leaves. Wor[sag] n a type of a spear with a 10 feet long, iron-encased handle. It has a four feet long pointed blade. "garvi kh;:Jr sag sabhar
~
that is joined to the horse's tail and tied to the saddle. H');f3O [saxt;:Jn] P ,:? v v to make. 2 to live together. Wl:ffu" [sakh;:JtI] Se(~ 'fI11:I3' 2 and ~'OT. "ghore pakhar sUIne sakhatI ."-sri m 1. 2 See Jill:8T. 'ff'l:f31 [sakhti] n vigour or the process of cropping the horses. "IkI hoe asvar Ikna sakhti."-var majh m 1. 2 P v the process of making. "apI karae sakhti pIun apI k;:Jrae mar."-var asa. 'He himself is both the creator and the destroyer.' Wl:IT [sakha] Skt l:JTl:1T n a branch of a tree. 2 limbs ofthe body as arm, hand, finger and leg etc. 3 lineage or offshoot of a tribe. 4 a sect, creed, offshoot ofa religion. "sIkh sakha bahute kie."-s kabir. 5 branches ofthe Veds. Numerous saints have taught their disciples the texts and meanings of the Veds in different ways, according to their own thinking. This has led to different branches ofthe Veds. "sakha tinI k;:Jh nIt bedu."-asa m 1. "sakha tin nIvaria ek s;:Jb;:JdI lIv laI."-sri a m 3. Here three branches mean knowledge pertaining to three elements.! SeeW3. ~ [sakhaInDi] n an army which has groups friendly with one another.--sanama. Wl:IT 310 [sakha tin] Chapters on practice, devotion, knowledge chapter. 2 Brahma, Vishnu and Shiv are the branches. "sakha tin mul m;:JtI rav."--asa a m 3. 3 el,ements of purity, passion and darkness. Wl:fTfi:for [sakhamng] n one that goes about among the branches; a monkey; a langoor. JI'Tfl:r [sakhI] See FfTl:IT. 2 evidence, deposition. "dInu rnI sakhI sunaI."-brla am 5.
J.
'Some scholars take these to be practice, devotion and knowledge.
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lai."-GPS. "nfdak kau dukh lagE sagE."-bhcr m 5. 2 Skt m-rTar a similar part; an imitation; mimicry. See lfor. 3 adjFf (with)-nrn (limb/ organ). 'FI"iITa" [sagar] Skt n a sea. See FICIIO and ~. "sagar mahI bud, bud mahI sagar."-ram m 1. meaning that the Creator is immanent in the creature and vice versa. 2 In Bengal an island in Hoogli river. It is at this place that Ganga has a confluence with the Bay of Bengal. 3 a count of ten padam. See ~. 4 depicting number seven, as there are seven seas. 5 adj of or relating to the sea. 6 P J'v a bowl, cup. "badIh sakia! saGre sabaz rag." -hakayat. 7 a wine-glass. See J11'Oft. 8 adjW'il'RJ" full of poison. "bhE sidhu sagar tar.I).o." -bIha chat m 5. 'FI"iITa" ~ [sagar udar] the belly of the sea; the interior of the sea, which contains innumerable objects. "raVI sasI kIra.I).I udaru sagar ko."-savcye m 3 ke. A'dldljd [sagarsut], A 1dldlj6 [sagarsunu], Aidfdd(')G! [sagartanay] son of the sea, the moon. 2 Dhanvantri etc. who are born out of the sea. 'FI"iITa" lh:rw [sagar mekhla] Skt n the earth, of which sea is the cord worn around. 'R'ORJT [sagra] See fU'tiT. 2 Skt n earth, the holder of the sea. "adI sagra sabad bakhanan kijIYf."-Sanama. Aidldiad l [sagrabra] Skt ~1l1 {Ik\i {I the earth of which sea acts as the attire. A'dlddl'd [sagrodgar] the belching of the sea; rise and fall of sea tide. See ~. ~ [sagvan] See RilJrr [saga] See tJ3;r. E"fa'Rre [~agIrad] P ).f~ n one who moves around the king; a servant of the king. 2 an attendant of a saint; a disciple. 3 a student. ntaft [sagi] adj who bears a spear. 2 n an imitator, a mimic, buffoon. "tum thakur ham sagi."-dhana m 4. wafS [sagit] adj of or pertaining to music. See
Roit3".
[sagu] lfor an imitation, mimicry. See war. "sagu utarI thamIO pasara."-suhi m 5. 2 a spear. See war 1. 'A"CHO [sagun] See ~. "nagun te pun sagun te guru ke mat me bag nam pachano."-NP 'Nam is superior to all qualities, good and bad.' 'Al [sagun] See 'Fl"'iTIo. war [sage] adv in the relevant context. "pagva ki katha ke sage kahe hr.."-JSBM Wiln.Par [sagopag] Skt ~1i531qli5~JI adjwith parts and sub-parts; entire. 'A"<iio [sag:m] Sktteak. Teak wood is considered excellent for buildings and household furniture. L Tectona Grandis. 'A'tI" [sac] n truth. 2 the Creator, God. ~ [sacau] adj true, truthful. "sacau thakur sacu piara."-dhana am 1. 2 immortal. "sacau takhat guru ramdasE."-savcye m 4 ke. WtB [sacat] See Rftrd". 2 Skt ~ worried. "socat sacat rEnI bIhani."-asa m 5. 'A'tJmIH [sacdharam] n Sikhism. "sacdharam ka bera badhIa bhavjalu parI pavai."-ram a m5. Ffi'e'o [sacan] to accumulate, gather. See RtrGto. "sati kI sace bhage?"-gau kabir. 'flTtlT [saca] adj true, truthful. WtJr [saca] n a mould, frame. "su ghari jcmu mEn ke sace."-krIsan. 'flTtlT WU [saca sah] n the Creator; the truthful king. 2 the eternal being, the ever living king. 3 adjwho is an immortal ruler. "sahan mahI tu saca saha."-guj am 5. 'flTtlT urn [saca ghar] n a congregation, holy assembly. "ehu sohIla saCE gharI gavhu." -anJdu. 2 salvation, beatitude.
~
warn.
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wfu [saCI] See W'tL truth. 2 through truth. 3 in

truth. "gurparsadi sacI samaI."-basat m 3. 4 Skt m adj crooked, perverse, curved. FI'tft [saci] adj true. 2 See 'Fl'rfu. R I 13lMlJ'l [sacisaby] Arjun. See H~JlRi'tit. "sacisaby bakhan."-sanama. FI'tft t!'6'aRJ [saci dargah] n the Creator's court. "sad dargah puch na hOI."-brla am 1. 2 the congregation of Satguru. "saci dargah bEsai."-sri a m 1. 3 the court of justice of a king. "saci dargah bolE kur."-gau ill 5. R1msl<!1 [sacibaDi] n Gurbani, teachings of Guru Granth Sahib. "sacibaDi SIU dhare pIar."-dlrana m 1. FI'tft ~ [saci rasI] See Htft ~. "sad raSI saca vaparu."-dhana m 3. ~ [sacul See RH. truth. "sacu kah-hu tum pargarami."-srdlrgosatr. 2 the true sermon. "rs kara adarr vasatu asakha. gurumukhI sacu mIlE ta vekha."-majh am 3. 3 Skt Fl'tI"J'I" a relative, kin. ~ [sac] to the twthful. "sacE m1u na lagai." -sri m 3. 2 the truthful. "sacE mahalr rahE." -tukha m 1. 3 the truthful (did). "sacE mele sabadI."-manz m 1. WB" [sacE] See Ritlo. ~ [sacosacl n only truth, nothing but truth. "sacosac kamavDa."-sri m 3. WiiRI" [sachar] See ~. "R'ST [sacha] short form for 'fITGf'3". 2 n a mould, frame. "rna no c;lhare Ih mEn ke sache." -krrsan. RTiiit [sachi] See 'RrsIT and weft. 2 the Creator, who is witness to all. "deh dhare nar puran sachi."-NP wtr [saj] P ;lr- adj who makes, who creates. This is suffixed to make compound words, as ~, ;::rm:r;:r etc. 2 n an implement, tool. 3 a musical instrument. "jhalar tal mrrdag upag rabab lie sur saj mIlav."-cac;fi 1.
There are countless types of musical instruments, but only such instruments are drawn here, which have been or are being used by the Sikhs in performing kirtan. 4 profit. S See FfTtIOT. 6A j~ somewhere, rare, seldom. Fr'H [sajaD], ~ l[sajaDu] v to build, make, create. 2 n See FI"'"ff('j. R"E'e" [sazad] P JJlr- makes, may make, will make. Its root is Wl:I3?i. 'R"'N7i" [sajan] or FfTFIQ [sajanu] n F!"C1-'j1c') a gentleman, friend. "sajan dekha ta galr mrla."-maru am 1. 2 the Creator, who is everyone's friend. "satIgur agE ardasI karr sajanu deI mIlaI."-sri a m 1. 3 a good man. "sajanu mitu sakha karr eku."-gau m 5. 4 creation. "sarav jagat ke sajanhar."-salo1l. See FfTtIOT. R"i1<'i'W [sajanra] suf;rr at the end of word FPtr?i" denotes endearment. See ;31". "sajanra mera sajanra."-ram chat m 4. 2 a friend. 'R"tfOT [sajna] v to create, form, raise. "pitha paka sajria."-var maru 2 m 5. "tudhu ape dharti sajiE."-var sri m 4. 2 vocative for a friend. R"'H'fo [sajanI] of a friend. "sajanr mIlrE sukh paia."-sri m I. 2 See w;::ro't. 'R"H7il [sajni] adj a gentle female. "sakhi sajni ke hau caran sarevau."-asa m 1. 'Here it means the eternal Being.' R"N?f [sajanu] See H't'IO. Wi=lfi;r [sajalr] Skt ~ with hands, folded and spread. Wtl' ~ [saj rnrlauDa] v to tune one musical instrument with another; to create final harmony between musical instruments. "sur saj mrlav."-cac;fi 1. wf;:r [sajr] advafter creating. "sajI kare tanu kheh."-japu. 2 adj fit for creation, worthcreating. "ape kudratI kare sajI."-basat m 1. 3 do. "uthu pharida uju sajI."-s farid.
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J11"f;;n:r [saZI$] P
452
'A"C
J=!ia
J l(r- n a connection, relationship. 2 concern, attachment. 3 an act of counselling. 4 hatching a conspiracy against another. w;ft [sazi] P t5 Jl,..- the process of making; used as a suffix at the end of another word as in ~. 2 you make. wffir [sajujj] Skt ~ n sense of attachment. 2 according to upasna kaQ, a salvation, which attaches the devotee to the deity. This salvation does not lead to absorption; the individual; identity remains intact. "ki sajujjmukta."-datt. See ~. 'R"'ffi!" [sazad] P to make, unite. Its root is FI'J:B?i". W5' [sajh], ~ [sajh] SkI Hftr n a partnership, association. "sajh karijE gUl)ah keri, ChOQI avgul) cali." -suhi cha t m 1. 2 SkI Ff'qJlT evening. "sajh pari dah dISI adhIara."-suhi raVIdas. 3 last days (before death). ~ [sajhpatI] n sharing of a partnership, co-partnership. "sajhpatI kahu SIU nahi." -gaukabir. 2 sharing ofa row; sitting together. 'fIT5T [sajha], ~ [sajha] common to many. "W sajha sahIb bapu hamara."-majh m 5. "updes cahu varna kau sajha."-suhi m 5. 2 n partnership. "sajha karE kabir SIU."-S kabir. ~ [sajhi], ~ [sajhi] adj common; in association. 2 n partnership. "gul)sajhi tIn SIU kari."-var sor m 4. 3 a goddess. See~. 4 adj who is a partner. "kan sajhi hangul) gava."-vat;f m 4. Here sajhi means 'a godly man'. W5't ~ [sajhi satar] n a common row in the Punjabi script containing three vowel characters ~, 1", and E used for matra distinction. These characters in the form of vowel marks are used in common with all characters I"fT fu ~ ~ ~ E ~ {f l?f )o)fT (1":). Hiel~IM [sajhival] adjwho is a partner. "sabhe sajhival sadaInI."-majh m 5.
[sat] n a injury, blow, attack. "ISE turavhu ghal-hu sat."-g5t;f kabir. 2 a replacement, substitute,exchange. "jauIspremkidamkIhu hoti sat."-phunhe m 5. 'if this love could be exchanged with life'. 3 value. "paiahI parkhu tab hiran ki sat,"-s kabir. 4 business, exchange, sale-purchase. "gurmukh hat sat ratan vapar hE."-BGK. 5 SkI B'C a piece of a garment. [sat] n an alliance, unity. 2 See Wo. ~ [satak] SkI mz'fi a cloth, garment; a poetic metre. See ~ f~cfjf;33. JfTGT [sata] n a replacement, substitute, exchange. "satguru mIlE sis ke sate."-GPs. See FPC 2. wit [sati] SkI wit n a sari, lady's garment, covering. 2 a dhoti; a length of cloth worn round the waist. 3 See~. "sabh mkas kar bahar sati."-GPS. threw out, vomited. WO [sath] SkI ~ n sixty. "sath sut navkhaQ bahtan."-gau kabir. here it refers to sixty principal veins of the body. See~. We [sath] n skin of a pig, which is thick and greasy. 2 See 'J'li<soT. WO 1Ff [sath sut] See ~. Jli'o'or [sathna] v to combine, unite, patch, mend. "dhIavat prabhu apna karaj sagle sathe."-sor m 5. war [satha] n a collection of sixty. 2 adj (that variety) which matures in sixty days, e.g., "satthi de caul." the rice (paddy crop) that matures in sixty days and "sathe alu." (potatoes growing in as many days). 3 ofsixty years. FJifo [sathI] See Wo. 2 n an alliance, a combination, meeting. 3 advunitedly. "jI tote leIsathI."-phunhe m 5. a compound verb, participal: MfeHifo, Wfo "M"fu. 'f.l""Q.iI' [$athy] SkI n callousness; impudence. 2 stupidity, foolishness. ~ [saQ] SkI ~ n one having eggs, having
we
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semen; horse or ox, which is not castrated or is not impotent. The word Fl'l'Q is a distortion
of~.
~ [saqhu], ~ [saqhu] SkI ~~1

~
[saqra] adj our, ours. t: (da) is cbanged to ~ (qa) in lahfdi dialect. 2 n taste, flavour. "kIti cakhau saqre."-maru am 1. war [saqa] adj our" ours, belonging to us. ~ [~aqIly] SkI ~ n son of the sage Shandil. Scholar of Upasna Kan<;i, who composed Bhagati-shastar. Wift [saqi] Skl"oit n an elephant. "raja ke ghar saqi go."-toqi namdev. 2 Skl~ she-camel. W\f [saqh] SkI ~ adj that which in addition to one has a half more; one and a half. ~ [saqh] See ~. 2 See ~. ~ [saqhsati] SkI WtfFnjt equal to seven and a half; the agonising stage of the planet Saturn, which lasts seven and a half years. I The Saturn rules [c)r two and a halfyears each over three zodiac signs. This stage is very painful according to the Hindu mythology. "khojan kare bhale grah sare. sa,qhsati ab caqhi tumare."-GPS. ~ [saqhan], ~or [saqhna] v to associate, tie into a knot. 2 to refine, repair. "apna bIgan bIrana saqhe."-g5q ravIdas. Wtrc'ft [saqhni] n a she-camel, which is kept for transport only and is kept barren; not for rearing the offs~ring. See ~ 2. Wtrc'ft ~ [saqhni sayar] n a camel-rider; a soldier riding a she-camel. 2 Wfu [saqhI] short form for~. "utar saqhI te ray tab."- carItr 144. 2 adv havingjoined, tied, combined.
'According to astrology, the term sacjhsati refers to the rule of Saturn in three zodiac signs- the twdfth zodiac sign, the zodiac of birth and another zodiac for a period of two and a half years in each. 2In ancient times, the postal distribution was performed mainly by camel-riders.
husband of wife's sister. [saqhel See W\f. "karaju saqhe tim hath, ghani ta paune car."-s kabir. Three and a half hands (one hand equals half-a-yard) of land is sufficient for one's burial or funeral pyre; at the most one may require three and a quarter hands of land for the purpose. 2 See ~. "ham karaj guru bahu saqhe."-gau m 4. 'We have prepared a balance sheet regarding the debt that we owe to our Guru which is increasing year by year but we have not repayed a single penny.' ~ ~ [saqhe cuhattar] a mark denoting seventy four and a half. See ~. W<!" [sal).] equal, equivalent. "murgai n sal).E."-sIdhgosatI.. 2 SkI J:IT('! n a circular grindstone of a knife-sharpener, used for sharpening the weapons on a grinding wheel. It is made up of a mixture of sand, shellac, rosin etc. "sabde sal). rakhai laI."-var ram 1 m 1. 3 a weight equivalent to four masas, a measure of four masas. 4 adj which is made up of hemp; hemp-made. ~ [sal).jiv] Dg member of a nomadic tribe, who makes his livelihood on the grinding wheel. See W<!" 2. "R"'<!lf [sal).ath] Sklwfo"QJf n closeness, proximity. 2 presence, attendance. "saI).ath meri apI khara."-asa chat m 5. m [saI).e] See W<!". 2 adv in front of, before, face to face, opposite. See ~ 2. W3" [sat] SklFfli seven. "sat ghari jab biti sunL" -bhr namdev. 2 See FJTfu". 3 A ..::-Y lr- n time, period. "bol-hI han han ram nam har sate."-sor m 4. 'Always recite Ram Ram.' 4 SkI WRT adj sharp, piercing. 5 slim, feeble. 6 beautiful. 7 n happiness, bliss. 8 SkI tJKr adj achieved, obtained. W3" [sat] SkI "!ITRl adj peaceful; sans anger.
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"namo kal-hI karta, namo sat rupe."-japu. 2 W3' yw [sat dhuja] n seven marks, seven cold. 3 a corpse; one in state of complete standards, seven flags. "sat dhuja prabhu ki cessation of the vital functions. "tab lau bhai tahf rajat."-GV 10. There are seven pennants kekai sata."-ramav. 4 n an unperturbed saint, (Sikh standards) over the seven holy places of holy man. 5 one ofthe nine poetic sentiments pilgrimage in Anandpur. The seven main places with renunciation as its lasting quality. See of worship are- Akal Bunga, Sees Ganj, ~ and OFf. 6 adj virtuous, morally good. Kesgarh, Guru Ke Mahal, Damdama Sahib, "namo rajsa tamsa sat rupe."-japu. 7 n a Manji Sahib and Bhora Sahib. See ~. Hindu prayer performed by the bridegroom's ~ [satnav] Bhisham, son of Shantnu. See maternal grandfather during the marriage F.JioQ. ceremony to counter any disturbances or W3Q [$iltanu] Skt ~1, or ~1,. son of Chandarvanshi king Prateep, husband of hindrances. Its original name is "$atI". 'R"3' m.f'e' [sat samGd], 'R"3' mr [satsar], 'R"3' 'fIl'd'Rf Ganga, father of Bhishampitama. There is a reference about Shantnu in the Mahabharat [sat sagar] See FRI3''fIl'd'Rf. 2 five sense organs, mind and wisdom. "sat samGd samal)a." and the Vishnu Puran that any old person -tukha barahmaha. 3 See R3' mr. "sat sar touched by him would become young, that is why he became popular as Shantnu (one who amrIt bhare."-asa chat m 1. spreads peace and happiness). He married 'R"3' lJtI' [sat sudh] See 'Ifu" 'lJ'lP'. 'R"3'}fa' [sat sur] seven fundamental notes of a Satyavati (Matsyodari) in old age, who gave birth to two sons Chitrangad and Rag: $araj, rI$abh, gadhar, madhyam, pacam, dhvEvat and nI$ad. "sat sura IE caIE."-ram Vichitarvirya, who did not live for long after the death of Shantnu. On the persuasion of m 5. See lJQ and ~. his mother (Matsyodari), the sage Vyas, begot 'R"3' lJ'3' [sat sut] n trade, business, dealings. Pandu and Dhritrashtar from Ambalica and "sat sut In mGqie khoe."-bIla kabir. 2 Skt Ambika, the widows of Chitrangad and ~ pleasure provided, bliss bestowed by Vichitarvirya respectively. the Creator. See 'R"3' and . 3 n created by Aid(!/jd [satnusut], ~tiI' [siltney], ~~ seven metals, body or mortal frame. "sat sut [samev1n Shantnav, Bhishampitama, who was mIlI bcmaj kin."-basat kabir. son of Shantnu. "subhe sastra saja mano 'fIT3"Q [satak] Skt ~ adj virtuous, one possessing goodness or having virtue. "rajas satneva."-caQi 2. satak tamas qarpahI."-maru m 5. "kahu ~ [$iHpad] n a stage of salvation; liberation; emancipation; fourth and final rajsa tamsa satkeya."-vIna. 'R"3fa' [satah] Skt~ason ofYadav Satyak, stage of spiritual beatitude. 2 See ~. who is also known as Yuyudhaan. He sided 'f.I'Tdl:{'e' [$atprad] adj who bestows peace. with the Pandavs in the war of Kurukshetar. 'flT3T [sata] n group of seven. 2 seven days; week. 3 a digit denoting number 7. "sata He learnt the skill of using arms from Arjuna. likhyo gayo tIS kal."-GPs. "satakI ;) musli rath pE."-krIsan. F.fi3r [$ata] n daughter of king Dashrath, who ~ [satkey] See ~. was brought up by king Lompaad. She was 'R"3' ~ StI3' ofu [sat chupae chapat nahI] married to sage Shringi. See So 3.
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ground. "ham kau sathar un kau khat."-g5c;i saintliness. "nan;:>k mIHE s;"lgr satI."--asa chJt kabir. m 5. "suhag;:>nI satI bujhi;:>hu."-jEt m 5. wfl:r [sathI] advalongwith, alongside. together with. "sathI na calE brmj bhajan."-sukhmani. 4 Skt mfc1 n wealth. eminence. 5 4;omfort. 6 charity. "t;:>sbi satI subhavsi."-var majh m 2 adj See WEft. 3 short form for~. See r;rft;) cgi-a. 4 conjunctive suffix. "nanaku tInkE 1. 'Charitable nature is a rosary.' [$atI] n coolness. 2 equanimity of mind. s;"lgI sathI."-sri m 1. 'R"lit [sathi], ~ [sathiara] Skt Ff"a1:iT adj 3 rest. 4 peace, tranquillity. "$atI pai gun 1 s;:>tIgun pure."-brla m 5. 5 See Fli3' 7. having the same meaning or objective. 2 a companion, fellow traveller. ";:>tE sathI ~ [satur] adjperplexed, afflicted. 2 Skt~ adv immediately. "SIgh te satur el). (;l.;:>rane." manukh hE."-sri m 5. "ja sathi uthI calIa ta -cJc;ii 1. dh;:>n khaku ralI."-sri m 5. "sathIara prabhu w3' [sate] plural of RJ'3T. 2 truth. "han nam eku."-jEt cMt ill 5. 3 See r;rft;) ~. h;:>n sate."-gc}U m 4. W' [sathu] See 'fIT8'. 'W'3' [satE], ~ [satE] n seventh day of a lunar 'R't! [sad] n taste. "sad karI samdha trIsna fortnight. "satE s;:>tI k;:>rI baca jaI)lI."-gcw ghIu."-mala ill 1. "sad-hu vadhIa rogu." thrti kabir. -val' suhi m 3. 2 principle, doctrine. "pac;l.It ~ [saty;:>kI] See RT3fu'. par-hI sad na pav-hI."-majh a m 3. 3 Skt ~ [satvIk] See W3C!'. me< n destruction, devastation. 4 P J~ happy, delighted. "khasam n;:> pae sad."-var asa. ~~ [satvIk bhav] in prosody, perversions of the mind, which remain stable in all poetic 'does not find the master pleased. ' 5 See~.. ~ [sadak] See FJTfuc{. sentiments and do not get diffused or corrupted. e.g. shedding of tears in romance. 'fITeiIft [sadgi] P SJ\r' n simplicity. See~. FI"tS [sadat] A ..::'..J \..- plural of'FJ'ltiR' chiefs. 2 A 'fIT8' [sath] part with in company with. 2 n a ..:.,."!,,v good fortune, good luck. tube used by a weaver for weaving. "cadu ~~ [sadatmad] P P":"'J\..- adj fortunate, sur;:>ju dUI sath c;:>lai."-asa kabir. 3 Skt Fl'rd S lucky. a group of peopl,e travelling together; a Ff'trc') [sadan] Skt n a paste prepared with oil, caravan. "parI p;:>p g;:>c;l.i l;:>diahI pap p;:>rI barley flour and turmeric to massage the bh;:>riE sath."-var asa. "muthre sei sath."-var bride. "bh;:>n me hasaI tan sadan malaI gau 2 m 5. 4 mnd;"lg, a kind of two sided subh."-NP. 2 Skt mfcA:. adj an elephant-rider. drum. See Rfu' 3. 3 a horse-rider. 4 a chariot-rider. "raj na bhag FI'l1'ftt [sathdi] adj who accompanies; na hukdID nd saddn."-asa m 5. "raj mal saddn companion. 2 n companionship. "tah rakhE ddrbar."-bhcr m 5. 5 A c'J\r' a gatekeeper, namu sathdi."-kah m 4. janitor. WEfij' [sathar] n H-1~ lying down on the 'R't! ~ [sad murada] adj simple-minded, modest. ISome so-called Sikhs ask the ragis to recite this hymn during the marriage ceremony on the pattern of Hindu's 'A"t!'6' [saddr] adj with regards, with respect. "bEth-hI sad;:>r sr;:>ddha dh;:>rkE."-GPS. 2 See custom of performing or worshipping "~atI" by the
FJ'Tf3' [satI] n truth. 2 peace. 3 serenity;
maternal grand-parents of the bridegroom.
'fITfe'a'.
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[sadal bar] a wild forest between the rivers Ravi and Chenab. The sage Sandil used to reside in this forest, hence the name '~aQIly va!).'. ~ [sadra] adj simple, unassuming, not given to deceiving. 2 n taste. Ff"t!" [sada] P ~JL- adj clean, clear. 2 unalloyed, pure. 3 foolish, illiterate. 4 n grandfather of Bhai Rup Chand, resident of the village Tuklani. 5 a devout Sikh of Guru Hargobind residing in Balakh. The author of Dabistan Mazahab writes that Sada moved from Balakh for Iraq to bring horses for his master. His son was very sick at that time. He was asked by his fellow-villagers not to leave his son at this stage but Sada preferred to serve his master. Sada had hardly covered the first stage of his journey when his son died, but he did not return home. He brought three horses ofexcellent quality for the Guru, which were ultimately snatched away from him by Khalil Khan, an officer of Shahjahan. 'f.IT'eI"S' [~adab] P ",:",'Jt adj new, fresh. 2 lush green, verdant. ~ [~adabi] P ~'Jt n newness, freshness. 2 verdure. wfu [sadI] with taste. "tnpatI nd aVE bIkhIa sadI."-ramm 5. adjwith origin. 3 Sktn wind, the air. 4 a warrior. 5 a chrioteer. Wfe' [sadI] n peace. "sukh sadI ghan aIa." -sor m 5. 'peacefully.' 'fIT fuur;ft [sa dIhari] the same day. "tusi sa dIhari lahJr ja!).a."-JSBM ~ [sadIk] A ~:H adjfirm in faith, devoted. "pir pekabar saIIk sadIk."-asa m 1. 2 true. 3 n name ofMuhammad Jafer Imam, who was born in 83 Hijri and died in 148 Hijri. FI'fua' [sadH] A .J J('" likely to commence, likely to be issued. 2 A .JJIr- careless, carefree. JI1t!t [sadi] feminine ofFRT. 2 P t,).iP eminent
~~
Persian poet, Sheikh Sadi, resident ofShiraz. He was born in 1175 AD and expired in 1292 AD. Many of the books written by him like Gulistan, Bostan, Pandnama, etc. are worldfamous. 3 t5 Jt happiness, bliss. 4 marriage. 5 See wfu. W'eltrfo [siidipanI] son of Sandipan. See
R't!lLrfo.
[sadu] n taste. 2 SktTf!! adjtasty, delicious. "sakat hanras sadu na janIa."-sohIla. 'did not enjoy the supreme pleasure.' ~ [sadun] Skt ~ n the act of relishing; the act of enjoying. "jIhva sadun phiki ras bIn."-sar m 1. ~ [sadr] Skt adjthick, dense. 2 soft, tender, delicate. 3 greasy. 4 charming. 5 n a forest. ~ [sadn~], ~ [sadn~y] Skt ~ n sense of looking similar; equality, similarity. wq [sadh] Skt m~ vr to complete; to conquer; to win laurels. 2 n perfection, excellence. "jau tuhI sadh pHam ki."-s kabir. 3 Skt Bllr excellent. "jasu japat han hovhI sadh."-gau am 5. 4 a saint. "sadh upan jaiE kurbanu." -sukhmani. 5 short form for FjT[f(). "jap tap sajam lakkh sadh sIdhav!).a."-BG 'fI'Tq [sadh] n a hole made in a wall by thieves; house-breaking. "pntham siidh dE darab curavE."-CarItr 104. 2 See Fji"q'o. wrlHH'ilT [sadhsamag], RJQRHlOIH [sadhsamagam] n a congregation of holymen. "prabhu aradhiE mIII sadhsamag."-bIla m 5. wq wq [sadh sadh] See F!11J wg. Wtl'lfar [sadhsag], H'Qfldlf3 [saclhsagatI], R'LIJtm.r [sadhsagam] See WQ'HHT(Jl}f. "sadhsagatI UpjE bIsvas."-gau thIti kabir. "sadhsagatI kE acii lavhu."-jE't m 5. 2 Bhai Nand Lal describes Sikh religion as "sadhsag". "hamcuna dar mazhabe i sadhsag."-j.fdgi. wq Fi'aTt3' [sadh sagat] n by holy-congregation. "nanak pritI lagi tIn ram SIU bhetat sadh
~
..
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sagat."-asa chat m 5. 2 in the company of a saint (holyman). FI'tT Jffar [sadh sap] through the company of a saint. "sadh sagJ: sabhu dukhu ITlItaIa." -bIla m 5. "sadh sagI hUI nnmala."-gau thIti m 5. FI'tT Jfar<!" [sadh sage!)] by remaining in the company of holymen. "sadh sage!) tar!)a." -sahas m 5. 'fI""QCl' [sadhak] adj who practises what he preaches; a practitioner; performer ofausterities, an accomplisher. 2 (one) who proves. :~ n According to an artide written by Apsatamb, sadhak is denotativl~ of ancestral angels. ~ [sadh!)a] v to practise, exercise. "kahl1 jogsadhi."-akal. 'he a practitioner of yogexercises.' 2 to prove. 3 to improve, refine, reform. "dharatI kaIa sadhIkE VICI deI karta biu."-var asa. "karaj sagle sadh-hu." -sor m 5. 4 to conquer. "sagal dut un:r sadhe jiu."-majh ill 5. 5 to bring under subjection, overpower. "han ahakaria: man nIvae manmukh mur sadlua."-var sri m 4. 6 to implement, put into practice. "na ham gU!), na seva sadhi."-maru solhe m 3. l1'tIO [sadhan] n resources. 2 means like fire, and grains, which are essential for making bread. 3 an effort, attempt, endeavour. 4- a tool, an implement. "karigar nIj sadhan sare."-GPs. 5 This tl~rm is often used forWlft in Gurbani. "sadhan bInau karE."--tukha barahmah. See RTlft. FJi'Qo [sadhan] See 'F1['QT(') to pierce. "]kal sal' sadhIa."-gau kabir. 'fI"Q:IOT [sadhna] See WQ<!T and RTQO. 'R"tIitw [sadhbela] Se,e ~. 'R"tl'TQ [sadhar] adj R-))fTtfTO. with foundation, with support. "mam: parvan: sadharu."-japu. "dekhat darsan man sadharE."-sri ill 5. "mahan la1 anup safab sadharia."~gau am
5. "sabad abhI sadhara."-asa chat m 1. 2 'adhar' stands for 'albal' in Sanskrit, which is used to keep water around the plant at the base. Hence R-~r means 'with a base'. "suka man sadhan:."-sor m 5. 3 See"RtflO. H'tl"a<!" [sadhara!)] adj which provides a base, support. "pIr tEQa man sadhara!)."-var ram 2 m 5. 2 Skt same, equal. 3 general, not particular. 4 ordinary, insignificant. 5 common to all. 6 a blacksmith of Goindwal, who achieved the status of a Gurmukh, being a follower of Guru Amar Das. He made a wooden stair which could remain hidden in a well upto the water-level. Satisfied with his devotion, the Guru gave him the status of a preacher. 7 See FJTtrW) 2. H'tl"a<!" tffiH [sadhara!) dharam] n ethics, which is common to all; as for example, speaking the truth, loving people, doing good to others etc. 2 See~. WtI'Q'O [sadharan] See FJT!Rl'<!". 2 a carpenter, resident ofMehitpur (district Jalandhar), who was a follower of Guru Angad Dev. He was a preacher. He served Guru Arjun Dev also. Ff'll'9 [sadharu] See WQTO. [sadhI] by practising, by devotion. See ~. 2 See 'FfI!lJf. 3 v reform. "sadh sagI mI1I dUI kul sadhI."-gau m 5. wfl:rcr [sadhIk] See 'FfItIOf. "sadhIk SIdh sagal ki pIari."-sar m 5. wfl:xr [sadhIka] feminine of 'FfItIOf. wtft [sadhi] completed. "abIdIa sadhi."-sar parmanad. 2 the saints. "cakhI sadhi QItha."-var gaU 2 m 5. ~ [sadhiE] See FJTQ<!"T. 2 let us conquer. "bharamu moh bhau sadhI."-gau m 5. 'Ff'lJ [sadhu] adj one who does other's work; a benefactor, philanthropic. 2 superb, pious, virtuous. 3 winsome, beautiful. 4 of noble birth or lineage. 5 talented, intelligent. 6 n
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Guru Nanak Dev. "utam salok sadhu ke jo sabh rup pare sabh se vacan."-sukhmani. 7 part well done, bravo. sabh mE samrup nahi kachu vamE, S Skt F1TQ'jr. See FjT!J'jf. so guru nanak b das rup wq wq [sadhu sadhu] Skt See J1T'g 7. sudharI udharI kari vasudha mE, praiseworthy. "sadhu sadhu mukh te kahta pad majul pE karI ajalI hI."-brlam 5.2 applause, accolade. 3 bravo, daq. saman karfi parl).am. well done. kabrtt ~ [sadhusagu], F1 19Hdlf:3 [sadhusagatI] n aj jo ajadI praj praja kopraj karE company of noble persons, exalted company. praja to prajatI nahI prajahi prajatI var, 2 Sikh religion. (Bhai Nand Lal has given han hi jo han hOI haran ahar prad this name to Sikh religion also). See J1TQ1far 2. hen hare harI ko so herIo na jaI par, Such references appear in Gurbani too. bhavI bhavabhav ko vIbhatI jo bhavadI bhav 'Rl1J3T [sadhuta] n humility, virtue, goodness, bhavI bhav bhavI pun bhav ko prabhav kar, excellence, ability. soi guru rup dhan tam jEse hare han 'R"'Q"8w [sadhubela] See ~. hare bhavbadhan me badh kEse ag har. 'fITII [sadhu] See J11Y. "sadhu sap udharu bhae Sant Sadhu Singh breathed his last in Sammat nIkaI:ua."- m 5 var mala. 2 son-in-law of 1964 at Girhwarhi. 3 See ~. Guru Hargobind, husband of Bibi Biro. See FJ11J1:f~ [sadhukMq.al] n a congregation of ~ mat. 3 son of Sada and father of Bhai Sadhus; sadhu community. See l:hrn". "kamI Roop Chand. karodhI nagaru bahu hhana mIII 'fITII ~ [sadhu satIguru] a self-realizing sadhukMq.al kMq.a he."-sohrla. and competent teacher. "sadhu satIguru je Fl'9t1di'l [sadhucaran] See 'tI'd<!. mIlE ta paiE gUl).inidhanu."-sri m 1. JJTgtj'11J [sadhupath] n right path, religious 'fITII WQ' [sadhu sadh] adj a superb saint. 2 a path, true path. "satsagatI mIl I sadhupath." benevolent holyman. "sadhu sadh saranI -kan m 4. mIII."-kalr am 4. FrlJ y'61f 'R1tIi1c'i tr't [sadhu purakh sadhjan 'fITII fi:fur [sadhu sIgh] See ~ fi:i1J.r. 2 Sadhu pae]-nat a m 4. 'Philanthropists were found Singh, a saintly resident ofGirhwarhi, was born excellent.' See J11Y. in village Sarli (district Amritsar) in Sammat FI'l'tI7 [sadhy] Skt adj accomplishable. 1897. His father was Sobha Singh and mother 2 attainable. 3 conquerable. 4 n deities, who was Devi. He became a disciple of Pandit are twelve in number. These are sons of Gulab Singh ofGirhwarhi (district Hoshiarpur). Dharamraj from the womb of Sadhya, He was a fine scholar of Hindi and Sanskrit daughter of Daksh. These deities used to and was a researcher in Gurbani. Sadhu Singh perform spiritual and ascetic exercises, hence wrote many books including 'Gurusikhya the name Sadhy. 5 a disciple; pupil; one Prabhakar' and 'Shrimukhvakya Sidhant reformed by a teacher; one who is disciplined Jyoti' .An example ofhis poetry is given below: by his master. Wlft [sadhvi] Skt adj (feminine) bearing good savEya adI anadI agadh abadh moral character, having pious nature. 2 n a1ekh abhekh arekh anamE, faithful wife; virtuous wife. "sadhvi paI kal
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bClhu kalu."-NP 3 wife. 4 female sadhu, nun. [san], Rio [san] adj similar in appearance, alike. "hOVE Clpni san."-GPs. 2 See }:rf7;, wq and Hq. 3 See 'fIT'<!". 4 P ~~ n a hom:ycomb, beehive. 5 A prais(:, compliment. "suddhta ki san ho." -akal. 6 glory. ~ [san!.).i] See ~lO't. JtT7)EI' [sanClth] Skt wotf adj with unjust company, with a sin. 2 fruitlessly. "IClp~IO dasi s~gI sanClth."-maru m 5. 3 Skt H~ n togetherness, nearness, proximity. "sat sanClth bhCle luta."-sar m 5. H'i'fq [sanClddh] See R'?fu. 'R"7)T [sana] adj attained, alongwith. "paIn b s~g sr:m ke sane."-krrsan. lJT7jT [~ana] P ~~ 11 a comb. 2 a toothed appliance, comb-lJike in shape, used for sorting out grass by the farmers. 3 shoulder. wfo [sam] 11 house breaking. 2 in the breach. 3 over the breach. 4 See woT. wfour [samha] of a breach, of breaking. "jIU tClskClru dClrI sanIha."-sar m 5. 'as a thief in the house-breach.' ~ [sanIdhy] Skt 11 the act of being close; nearness; a sense of being nearby. 2 a kind of liberation; reaching close to one's sacred deity. wo't [sani] adj achieved, acquired. 2: A jlt second. 3 similar in appearance, alike, equivalent, similar. WQ~ [sanukap] with (his/her) grace, with kindness. ~ [sanukul] favourable. See ~'5. WQM [sanuj] with the younger brother. ~ [sanl1] to us; unequal. ~ [sanehra] 11 a message conveyed with affection. "sajCln deSI vIdesiClre sanehre dedi."-tukha cMt m 1. ~ [sanad] with bliss, blissfully. fITQ [sanh] See ~ and ~. WtI' [sap] 11 a snake, serpent. 2 Skt a curse,
'R"O
malediction, imprecation. 3 an abuse. 4 a vow, pledge, an oath. W1f [sap] 11 a snake, serpent. ~ [sap-hera] n one who charms away the snakes; a snake-charmer. FJ1'tre' [sapCld] adj disastrous, afflicted with a calamity; distressed. 2 who curses. Wtrfo [sapClnI], fIT1..IO'T [sapni] 11 female snake. "sa sapClnI hOI jClg kClU khai."-gcw kClbir. 2 illusion. 'RllfI'Q' [sapradh] criminal. FJ1l1 [sapu] a snake, serpent. "vClrmi mari sapu nCl mClrCli."-asa m 5. 'one cannot achieve mental peace by torturing the body.' ~ [sapurCls] 11 a virtuous person, saintly person, noble person. "SIgh sapurCls pCldmIni In ka IhE subhau. jyo jyo dukh garho pClrE tyo tyo agE: pau."-c<:1rrtr 297. ~ [sapursail 11 virtuousness, gentleness.
2See~.
[saprCldail, FJTy:~ [saprCldayIk] sectarian. 2 one who draws inspiration from traditions. See ~. W6 [saph] A .....H", adj clear. 2 pure. 'R"'W [sapha] P ";(.g a turban, a piece of cloth used as a wrap for the head. 'R"Gft [saphil See ffo9'. "hfdu turClk kou raphji Imam saphi." -<:1kal. See fuHrH~. 2 n a caste ofMuslims residing to the north oflalalabad. 3 A j ~ adj who gives relief from disease. JRITfu1;r [saphi dIll P JJ j(.g adj clear-hearted. 'Ria' [sab] son ofKrishan, born from the womb of lambvati. He forcibly kidnapped the daughter of Duryodhan and was chased by warriors like Karan etc. and was ultimately captured by them. Baldev came all the way from Dwarika to get him released. "sab huto Ik kanh ko baIClk."-krrsan. See~. ~ [sabka] See ~. W8(Y [sabCl!.).] See ~.
flit:rm
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'flT8'3"
[sabat] A
..::-:~
adj complete, full.
2 existing. 3 strong, firm, solid.
H'Satldfa [sabatsuratI] adjwhose form is one whole; no part ofwhose body is dismembered. "sabat suratI dastar sIra."-maru solhe m 5. 'Bearing a turban on the head is an indication of having a whole body.' R1safC'S [sabatdIl] adj one who is mentally mffl. w8t [sabi] A wm. See 1J1ft. stable. W8'fd" [sabatI] See ~ and H1safC'S. "jaka walR' [sabis] See FfTaTH'. "dhan dhan guru sabis."-kan m 4 partal. 2 ~-'8tf.r lord of all. drl sabatr nam ta kau kaha khudar?"-s kabir. lJI8'e" [$abad] ~ adj related to a word. 2 n ~ [sabu!).I] See ~. knowledge generated with the word. ~ [sabun] See W. lJI8'e"crr.JlO [$abad gyan],"f.!'Ta't"lfq [$abad bodh] ~ [sabunr] with soap. "jru sabunr kapar ujal hot."-ram am 5. Skt ~ n knowledge acquired from the meaning ofthe word. Scholars have assumed ~ [sabu!).], W [sabun] A (j'1,.. G J11'lfo F savon E soap. a material prepared with the four reasons for such a knowledge: combination of alkali and grease, and used (a) ambition, aspiration- need of one word to remove dirt from clothes and the body. for the other; collocation. (b) ability- the proper relationship among "mut paliti kapar hOI. de sabu!). lair oh dhor."-japu. words; colligation. Now most of the soaps are manufactured (c) euphony- a combination of words. using the combination of many types of (d) meaning- theory of sentence and fragrances, medicines and dyes and have pragmatics. become utility items for daily use. ~ [sabadIk] Sktwma grammarian who knows the correct form of a word, its ety- H'~odld [sabunagar] a manufacturer of soap; mology and grammar. soap maker. See HSi'lldld. ~ [sabur] A .J~ adj contented, one who is wao [saban] See ~. FI'Qffi [sabar] A ..(L.> adj content, patient. content. See ~. 'Wa'd" [sabar] See ~ 2. 2 R-nh:Rr with clothes, ~ [saburi] n contentment, tendency to be content. properly dressed. 'R""a"aT [sabri] adj having patience, patient. 'fIT8' oft ~ [saba ki talva<;l.i] See iw, d"l'Siift "sabar adarr sabri."-s [arid. 2 n tendency 2 and 'e'H'eW 'J11'fua'. W3' [sabh] pron all. "puran bhae ffianorath towards contentment. sabh."-ram m 5. Wt:Tl'S" [sabal] Dg a spear, lance. 2 See ~. JJISTR [sabas], warlR [sabasr] P J L~ part short ~ [sabh!).a] v to take care, maintain, keep in custody. form for~, which means 'be happy', 'may you be blest', 'God bless you.' "jrs da drta ~ [sabhar] a lake in Rajputana on the border khav!).a tIsu kahir sabasr."-var asa. 2 Skt of the states of Jodhpur and Jaipur which is lRFit determined; hard, solid, strong. "nagaru 53 miles north-east of Ajmer. It is 20 miles
vutha sabasr."-prabha m 1. 3 See mPH'". [sabahi] A n early morning, dawn, before sunrise or daybreak. "sabahi salah." -var majh m 1. ~ [sabrk] A Jv adjfirst, primary, former. ~ [sabrka] A ~v primary, former. wftra' [sabn] content, contented, satisfied. See
~
r:
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long and two to seven miles wide. Salt is made in abundance from its saline water, which is named as sabhar. This popular name is a distortion of 1?akabhri, as '1?akabhri durga' temple is situated nearby. 2 a kind of stag; an elk. ~ [sabhvi] Skt m-fAlCfr adj related with Shiv. 2 n the power of Shiv. 3 magical knowledge for the attainment of supernatural power. 4 1?avar magical skill-created by Shiv. "kahu sabhvi rasbhakha suracE."-ajE. See QlmrI1:fT. FI""9T [sabha] n a shelter, refuge, asylum. 2 maintenance, custody. "kahu ravIClas parau teri sabha."-gau. ~ [sabhIpray] purposely, having specific purpose. "R"ftmto [sabhIman] with pride. ~ [sabhr] with cloud (~). WH [sam] Skt~Samved. See~. "samkahE setabar suami."-var asa. "samvedu l'IgU jujaru atharbal).lJ." -maru solhe m 1. 2 conciliation, compromise, reconciliation. ~ B"O l'lfor shelter, refuge. "thakI ae See prabhu ki sam."-majh barahmaha. "hau aIa samE tIMQia."-sri m 5 pEpar. 3 short form for nrrR"H. "sam des jahf tahI kar g:m."-GV 10. 4 adj black. "sam sughatta."-gyan. 5 A ((; Syria n a country of Asia, which is 400 miles long and 150 miles wide. The arid land of Arabia is to its south while to its west is the Mediterranean Sea. Damascus is its capital city. "jItyo rum am sam."--s.::mama. 6 P Fhr evening. Skt 'fITGf. 7 Skt RTH:Tr equality, equivalence. H'H ft:fur [1?am sfgh] See ~. ~ [samasya] See FIt-Jl1jJT. Ff'H1:ft [samakhi] with a fly. "hochi m;::.tI bhaIa manu hocha, guru samakhi khaIa."--vaQ m 1 alaha1)ia. meaning 'there was no fun in purifying the materials.'
WHaT [samag] adjwho recites Sam Ved. 2 who
has attained refuge. Jt1'H'OI'6t [samagri], RTHfare't [samagIri], RTHOft [samagril Skt tfTl11ft m-r-nfO] n completeness, perfection. 2 a cluster of reasons, modes of achieving of the objt;ctives. "sac teri samagri."-suhi m 5. 3 goods, things. WHN [samail grown from the recitation of Sam Ved, an elephant. There is a story in the Purans that Brahma once recited Sam Ved and an elephant came into being. Wlf<!'" [saml).a] n the front portion, a facade. 2 a comparison, encounter. 3 v to take care. JJTH<!" [saml).e] adv in front of, face to face. "ja guru dekha saml).e."-suhi a m 4. F.I"1f3" [1?amat] A ..:y ~ n adversity, misfortune. Wl-f3T [samta] See FfT}f.i!3T. Ff1HOT [samna], FJT1-!?i" [samne] See ~ and
JJTH<!".
[1?amyana] P ,.:.!t~ a canopy, baldachin. WH6' [samar] adjdark complexioned; wheatish in complexion. 2 a warrior, fighter. "pujyo narfd samra."-GV 10. ~ [samartakkh] Skt ~ adv in front; visible; manifest. WH'a"8" [samarath], FJTl-RTErjf [samarathy] Skt B"fli'Df n strength, force, power. 2 competence, capability. ~ [samaIl See 'f.lTf1-m. R"}fl'?T [samla] adj dark-complexioned, of wheatish complexion. ~ [samved] See ~. 'R'W [sarna] n refuge, asylum. See WH. 2 short form for J1T}fl('i. "IE IE adhIk yuddh ka sarna." -cantr 405. 3 pran the very same, the same. See E same. 4 adj of equal weight. 'fI'THlft:Ior [samajIk] adj related to the society; social. 2 related to some class. JJTlfT7) [saman] P ~~v n material, goods.
F.I""'lftiI'"
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2 equal, equivalent. "bIapIk ram sagal saman."-gau kabir thIti. 3 See FJTHTo.if. R'H'7ifo [samananI] See R'H'(')'j'fT. Ji'l-fTfo [samanI] with material. "sapat 10k samanI puriale."-mala namdev. 2 See
FJTHTo.if.
'R'l-f'l'i"M
3 short form for fRTl-it.
FJ1lfur [samit] A
~ silent. 2
A V
class,
category, alliterative.
FJ1'J-fItur [samipy] SkI n nearness; presence.

[samuhe] adv in front of, face to face. WJ.:f~ [samudr] adj pertaining to the ocean. 2 n a voyager, sea-farer. WJ.:f~C{ [samudrak] n the study invented by sage Samudr, which helps us to know the auspicious or inauspicious effect of the signs marked on one's limbs. It is also pronounced as ~. Palmistry. 2 Sea Salt. ~ [samudral).i] the earth that holds the ocean.-sanama. ~ [samudrIk] adjpertaining to the ocean; oceanic. 2 See ~ I. H'lf3' [sam;'lt] SkI ~ n a ruler of territories adjoining the boundaries ofone's country. See ~. 2 a chief of a district. 3 a divisional head. 4 a prince who pays tribute to a king. 5 a brave person. 6 See 'FIH3'. Wlfif [samy] SkI n sameness, equality. "trIgul).atmak ki samy avastha."-GPS. 2 SkI BTHJI" peace of mind, mental stability. ~ [samyata] n equality, likeness. JJTJiTH [samraj], ~ [samrajy] SkI ~ n title of an emperor; the reign of the whole earth. 2 an empire, which includes many countries. 'R'liI" [say] See wfu. 2 SkI evening, dusk, sunset. 3 an arrow, shaft. ~ [~ayastgi] P tfr-~ ability, capability. 'F.I"'tiI1f [~ayasta] P ~ ~ able, capable. WtiRT [sayah] a shadow. See 'fITljlT. 'R"liI'a" [sayak] SkI n an arrow, shaft. "sayak prahar."-GPs. 2 SkI F.JT1jfCif adjsleeping.A J~ fond (of), an amateur. ~ [sayal).] See. HIGle;ltl'dGl. H'G1e;'t1'dGl [sayl).acaray] son of Sayen and disciple of Vishnu Sarvagy, who was a great
'R"'Iffr
[samany] SkI n a sense of equivalence. See~. 2 symbols representing equivalence. e.g. in 'The face is shining like a moon' 'shining' is an equivalence symbol (quality). 3 abstractness within a specific class. e.g. humanity in a humanbeing, brahmanism in a brahman, trademanship in a person belonging to the trading class. 4 adj ordinary, common. 5 n a figure of expression showing similarity of meaning of objects, but not exactness like mixture, yet remaining distinctive. Example: set saj saj cali Sayre ki pritI kaj cadni mE radha mana cadni si hVEgai.
-krIsan.
bEtha Cdmbr di atari bhai s;'lt SIgh bal). varkhavE vEri janE da~me~ hE. 1 ~ [samanya] SkI n a harlot, who IS common to all. J=Il}f'QO [samaran] v to take care, look after, watch. 2 to remember, keep in mind. "nImakh nImakh samarE."-sar m 5. 'R'fi.n:r [samIkh] with meat, e.g.-FJlfi.rR' IT''rr. 2 ~ [~amIl] A J ~ adj included. 2 SkI wrfiic;r pertaining to a desert tree called land; made of wood from this tree. WJ-ft [sami] pran the very same, the same. See FJTHT 3.2 adjwho has taken refugee; who has sought refuge. "sabh hVE tab sami."-NP
. IThe above quotations marked by generalisation are of this nature. 2The Hindu rite that permits the offering of meat to feast Brahmins for the salvation of a dead ancestor's soul. See manUSImntI a: 3. ~ 268 to 271.
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sur muh bhakh sar."-japu. "sar s6 sar ki dhar scholar of Sanskrit. He was born in the fourteenth century. He has written an exegesis baji."-cJc;ii 1. 8 water. 9 butter. 10 clouds. (commentary) on Veds and many more other 11 force. 12 justice. "karl).i uparr hovagI important works. He was a brother of sar."-basJt m 1. 13 air. 14 the Creator; the Madhvacharya, a minister of Bukkamy, king transcendent One. 15 religious duty~ of Vijaynagar. Sayen became a monk 16 essence. 17 adj superb, excellent. "man (sanyasi) in the last days of his life and mere sat I gur sevel sar." -sri m 5. 18 a figurative expression of the comparative sort became the chief priest of the Shringeri monastery and named it Vidyarany. He is showing the meaning of good or bad things, believed to have expired in 1387 AD. so that one surpasses the other i.e. the second Wti13' [sayat] See 'fITfl:3". "yad khuda rakho har exceeds the first. sayat."-NP. 'every moment, all the time.' jahf utrotar hVE adhlkai, alakar so sar kahai.-garab gJjni. 'f.JTl:ire" [$ayad] P ~(; part should be, ought to be. 2 perhaps. 3 probably. Example: 'R"UI8"O [sayban] P l:Jyv n a canopy, baldachin. manas deh dulabbh hE jugah jugatarr aVE vari, Jt1tif6' [sayar] an ocean, sea. See RTfu'a". 2 A .i v uttamjanam dulabbh hE Ikvaki korma VIcari, total, all. 3 a stroller, wanderer. 4. a poet, deh arog dulabbh hE bhagath mat pIta hltkari, versifier. See RTfu'a" 4. sadhusag dulabbh hE gurmukh sukhphal 'fITliI'til [sayri] P l5/' t;, n poetry. bhagatI plari.-BG WtiR? [sayal] A JI.-v adj questioning. 2 flowing. "mI$ri te madhu madhur hE madhu te sudha 3 See C<aHllilM. mahan, wz;tr [saya] P :v n a shadow. 2 shelter, refuge, $ri gurubani sudha te nI$Cay mithi jan." 19 a matrrk metre, also named as lalIt pad. protection. B1W [$aya] P () ~~ adj able, capable. 2 proper, Its characteristics are four lines, each line having 28 matras with pauses at 16th and the appropriate. 3 befitting, matching. subsequent 12 th matra, the last two matras ~ [sayujy] See Fflt.ftf. being guru. 'H"t!fQ' [sayudhl adj equipped with arms; armed. "ab sayudh guru hovhI ap."-GPs. Example: ~ [sayakal1 n evening, sunset time. thlttI var na jogi jal).E, ruttI mahu na koi, 'A"'Q [sar] n worth, value. "prem ki sar soi ja karta srrthi kau saje, ape jal).E soi, jal).E."-maru a m 3. "jo jiE ki sar na jal).E, tIS klvkarr akha kIV salahi, kIU varni kIV jal).a, SIU kIChu na kahiE ajanE."-maru solhe m 4. nanak akhal).I sabhko akhE, Ik du Ikk sIal).a.-japu. 1 2 adv amount, evidence. "nahI baq.han ghatan tllsar."-bavan. 3 n vigilance, (b) characteristics of varan vrrtt 'sar' are four feet, each foot being 51. preservation. "sada dalalu hE sabhna karda sar."-sri m 3. "je ko q.UbE, phlrr hOVE sar." Example: jap, tap, gyan, dhyan. -dhana m 1. 4 aa1 vigilant, cautious. 5 n news, information" welfare. "je hukam hove 20 See FRJ<YT. 21 P .IV a camel, an ostrich. See~. 22 master, lord. ta ghar di sar IE ava."-JSBB. 6 sometimes used for the tree' sal'. 7 SkI iron, steel. "asakh 'See, footnote of example of~.
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[saras] adj related to an pond (tank). 2 n a water fowl (florican) to be found on the banks of lakes, rivers; a bird having red eyes; Ardia Sibirica; a Siberian crane. 3 a lotus. "phul rahe sar saras sudar."-kns<}n. 4 the moon, which has nectar; the bearer of nectar. S one type ofchappay metre. See ~~. ~ [sarsut] Skt ~ adj 2 n a caste of the Brahmins. The story of this name goes as under: When Parshuram exterminated the Kshatris, their pregnant wives took shelter in the hermitages of sages on the bank of the river Sarasvati. Parshuram reached there while searching for them. The sages who gave shelter to these pregnant women of the Kshatri caste said that there was no Kshatriwoman in their hermitages and those women who resided there were all Brahmins. Parshuram then insisted that the sages must take unbaked bread-loaves made by them. The sages did so. The off-spring of these Kshatri-women were named as "Sarasvat". There is an ancient story. Once Dadhichi, a sage, was meditating. lndar sent a nymph 'Alambusha' to disrupt his meditation. On seeing such a charming fairy, the semen of the sage ejaculated into the river Sarswati, from which Sarasvat was born. He became the chief of his clan. 2 a book on grammar, written by Anubhooti Swroop. "kahO sIddhIka cadraka sarsutiya."-aje SIgh. 'R"'O'IJ'3't [sarsuti] River Sarasvati. "Im bed ucarat sarsuti."-<}kal. ~ [sarsavat] See 'fIT01J3'. ~ [sarasvati] See ~. 2 people living on the bank of river Sarasvati. "sarasvati hVE cale Ikathe."-c<}ntr 52. 3 a poetic metre, variously n&med ruama!)., ruamal, ruala, ruamal and rual as mentioned in Dasam
'R"a'FI"
Granth. Its characteristics are of four lines, each line structured as SIS, 115, 151, 151, 511, 5, I, with pauses after the 8th and the subsequent 9 th characters. Example: des desan ki krIya, sIkhvat hE dIj ek, ban Jr kaman ki, bIdhI det an anek. .. -ramav. wacr [sarak] See 'R'lfuorr. ~ ~ [sar kutan] n extraction from the mountains, a river. 2 Ganga. 3 essence of the sustainer; power. "tuto sar kutan karkE suhayo."-c<}rItr 1. JfTOCfT [sarkha] adj such. "te ghar marhat sarkhe."-s kabir. 2 Skt truthful, veritable. FI"OilT [sarag] knower of the essence. 2 Sarang rag. See wffirr 37. 'R"h [sarag] See wffirr 37. ~ [saragpa!).a], ~ [saragpa!).i], WOOJtIT(') [saragpan] Skt <:II (s~JIllifUl adj in whose hand is the earth; the preserver of the world, who gives sustenance to everyone. "dhIavhI jia jat harI saragpa!).a."-var sri m 4. 2 Skt !iIIS~llqlfUl n Vishnu, the protector, who has in his hand a bow made ofhorns. "kul jan madhe mIlIo saragpan re."-dh<}na trIloc<}n. 'Sarangpani was born out of the lineage.' ~ [sargit], ~ [sargita] See ~cft 'CIfl3T. "sargit lakh bhagvat."-BG ~ [sara!).] Skt the act of spreading or extending. 2 a minister of Ravan. "cJtho ek sara!). sumatr me pravi!). kahyo."-hanu. 3 butter. 4 See FJTQ<!T. ~ [sar!).a] v to complete, to make-do, to help. "kIchu bhi kharacu tumara sarau."-suhi k<}bir. "prabhu hamara sare suarath."-bher m 5. 2 to prevail upon, administer. "ape ghatI ghatI sar!).a."-maru solhe m 5. 3 to achieve, obtain. "sahajI sukh sarai."-sava m 5. 4 to spread, extend. "ghate ghatI sarIa."-var guj
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2 m 5. 5 to describe, narrate. "sada gU!) sarai." mngrajan me sardul."-BGK. See fFfur. -Sdva m 5. "ath pahIr gU!) sarde."'-sri m 5. 2 Ravana's envoy. 3 adj superb, excellent. "atar ki gatI tudh pahI sari."-dnJdu. 6 to put. 4 principal, superior most. 5 See ~ t?T ~ 3. "gIan ajan sana."-anJdu. 7 See W6. ~ foi!C31f~d [$ardul vIkript] a poetic metre ~ [sara!)u] S v to count. 2 to compare. 3 to comprising four lines, each line having, 555, examine. 4 to remember. 115, 151, 115, 551, 551, 5, arrangement with pauses after the 12th and the subsequent 19th matras. W63" [sarat] A '::'-.J~,! n a hint, sign, signal. "deI bujharat sarta."-gdu m 5. It is also called satak. 'J1Tati, [sarath] Skt FJTlf adj wealthy, rich; Example: 2 glossary, with meanings of words. "akhay hOVE na gU!)Iman gyan carca, bhagbhdri subh tera. sarath bhagbhari abbhavE nahi cItt ko, hera."-GPs. 3 n an assembly of traders. bhave sakI' saman rajprabhuta, 4 adv alongwith. 4 purposely. kijE kaha bItt ko? .. ~ [sarthak] SktFfTFi& adjsuccessful, useful. H"Qt:I' [saradh] 'H'-nttf half; with half. e.g. one 2 meaningful. and a half etc. 'Rl'6fi:r [sarathI], Fl"i31ft [sarthi] n a charioteer. ~ [sardhar] n the sharp edge of a weapon. "sarthi apan ko kahIkE." -krrSdn. See lJH ljCiI3'. 'A"Qt!" [sarad] Skt ad) related to winter; wintry. Jf'Qi") [saran] n refuge, shelter. "han pare tum "sarad cad sapuran badan."-GPs. 2 n a white saran."-brla m 5. 2 Saran, a minister of lotus. 3 Skt Sharda, Sarasvati. "narad sarad Ravan. See ~ 2. sevak tere."-maru solhe m 1. 4 Sharadvat, waor [sarna] See J11"6'<!T. 2 express, present, request. "sukh dukh ISU man ki bIrtha tumhi husband of Ahlya, also known as Gautam. "atn prasar narad sarad vyas te adI jIte agE sarna."-ram d m 5. munI bhae."-ddtta. 5 the stem of an Indian FJTW [sarab] See ~ and ~. lute (Veena) - a string instrument possessed ~ [sarab bhum], warn.r [sarab bh;)m] by Sarasvati - the goddess of music. "manu Skt ~ adj who is the lord of the whole earth; who rules over a vast empire. "sarab pavan dUI tUba kari hE, jug jug sarad sajL" -gdU kdbir. 'Soul and mind are two gourds, bhum saran jIh parna."-NP. "sarab bh;)m the sensation produced by their uni.on is the yatha narnayak."-GPS stem of veena. ' FfI"6"STO [sarban] P (;)~.Jv n a camel-owner; H'aeH'f1 [saradsaj] n veena, a musical owner of an ostrich. instrument of Sarasvati. ~ [sarbhut] adj a gist, summary, abstract. JJTa'eT [sarda] adj who provides knowledge. conclusion. "sarbhut satI harI ko nam." 2 n Sarasvati. "sada sarda sarda sarad cad -sukhmdni 'the abstract ofall holy scriptures, hymns and religions.' manId."--GPS 3 SI~e1WGt t?T~ 34.4 Kashmiri 'H"'alf'ij' [sarm;)r] adj related to Sarmour. See script. Frolf'ij'. "nagar pavta bahu baSE sarm;)r ke ~ [sardul] Skt 'f.~1? n a lion. "kIdh3 sIgh deS."-Cdrrtr 71. s6 sardula arujjhe."-VN. Here Singh means a tiger. "gau kau care sardul."-ram TIl 5. 'The ~ [sarav] Sktmef adjrelated to all. 2 Sktwl tyrant guards the poor.' "pachIn me has having relation with Shiv, of Shiv.
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[sarvati] a poetic metre with four lines, R"fa>w [sana] See ~. 2 n maintenance, each line having threebhagal).s, followed by watchfulness, vigilance. "jia jat sabhI vaSI a guru: 511, 511, 511, 5 arrangement. terE, sagal teri sarIa."-dhana chat ill 5. Example: ~ [sarIk], FJ1fuor' [sanka] Skt mftcf>rl n a gyan VIcar nahi jIn ko, myna. "cDc pasar rahe SISU sank jEse."-cac;li kya upde~ karE tIn ko? .. 1. "Ih vatas sarIka mukh pasar."-GPs. 2 a ~ [saravbh:>m] See ~. female go-between, intercessor. ~ [sarvan] See ~. 2 a camel-keeper. wfifaT [sarfg] a species of pied cuckoo; a rain'flTaT [sara] adj full, whole. 2 See FRJ. 3 brotherbird. See w8'or I. "krIpa jalu dehI nanak in-law, brother of one's wife. See ~. sarfg kau."-sohIla. 'Give the rainbird life providing water, says Nanak.' A'd'A'd [sarasar] FJTij' and l?fRTd'. "Sarasar lakhavE jab."-NP. wrJdlQd [sarfgdhar], ~ [sarIgpal).I], ~ [sarfgpal).ij,"fIT'foa1trrfo [sangpamj, wd'dl~l [saragarhi] a border village in Kohat district situated about one and a half mile away wf''dOJ1.P(')T [sangpanij See 'flTd"~. fi'om Fort Lockhart. There is a small fortress "sarfgdhar bhagvan bIthula."-maru solhe m 5. "CIrU hoa dekhe sarfgpal).i."-majh m 5. built there by the Indian government. In the battle fought here on 12 th September 1897, "natvat khe1E sangpanI."-gav kabir. "bhajlehI re man, sangpani."-bher kabir. twenty one Sikhs of36 Sikh Batallion, encircled by thousands ofAfridis, didnot show cowardice, 2 See~ 8, 9 and 10. but fought bravely as becomes the duly baptised A'rJdl'ra [sarfgarIj n enemy ofa bow, a sword. The sword can cut the bow. "sEph sarohi Sikhs. According to the version ofAfridis, these satruarI sarfgarI jfh nam."-sanama. Sikhs laid down their lives after killing about two hundred enemies and injuring hundreds of ~ [sarij adj complete, whole. 2 abstract, gist. them. To commemorate their sacrifice, the "nanak Ihu matI sari jiu."-majh m 5. 3 stated. "guru pure eh gal sari." -sor m 5. 4 n government has built up memorials at fort Lockhart, Amritsar and Ferozepur. information, news, inquiry. "apni Itni kdChu na FfTOlO [saran] adj under shelter. "dasdasro satah sari."-sar m 5. 5 See RTfu. "karam dharam tum ki saran."-sar m 5. 2 See 'RQ('):;f. 3 n essence caupar saj-hu satI kar-hu tum sari."-b<=Js~t m 5. of food, extract of food. "ape pasa ape sari."-maru solhe m 1. 6 game, play. "sari sIrjanhar ki."-s kabir. 7 a sari - a 11"QQf [sarab] adj of wine, alcoholic. "rage rag lady's garment. ''c;l.are sari nil ki."-cantr 136. sarab."-ramav. 'fully intoxicated.' wfa" [sarI] having spent. See~. "sabh apan "set dhare sari brIkhbhanu ki kumari."-knsan 8 sister-in-law, wife's sister. "nahi sasural sas ausar cale san."-basat kabir. 'Everyone departs after biding his time.' 2 Skt F.JTfa' a sasura :> sara sari."-BGK "ramo lagat huti guru sari."-GPS. "saria saria aI pIkhyo."-GPs. chequered design for chess. chess board, on 'All sisters-in-law came to see.' 9 a myna. which chess is placed by placing pawns. "ape sarI ap hi pasa."-saveye m 4 ke. 3 a pawn, a 'R"'dteit [sarithij See FRJEit. 2 the job or career of a charioteer. 3 success, achievement. dice. 4 a tune ofa musical note; a combination of a string and metal, fixed on the instrument wa1a' [~arir] Skt adj corporeal. 2 n animate, to adjust the tune. It is also called sudri. 1El"'fuw (1ffift<f;r) is alsoRorrect.
~
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'f.ITffifaor
living being. 3 "Vedantsutar" written by Vyas. [~arirIk] Skt adj sufferings caused to the body, corporeal, physical. 2 n a commentary written by Shankracharay on Vyas's Vedantsutars. wg [saru] See WOo ~ [sarupy] n the sense of being similar; a stage in worship when the devotee acquires the appearance of the worshipped one. [sare] plural ofFJ1OT. 2 See~, .flT3OT and
wa-
"lire-.
[saro] See FRJ1'. 2 brother-in-law, wife's brother. "sasura ;) saro sari."-BGK. ~ [sarag] Skt ~~ n that which is piebald, a rain-bird. 2 an antelope whose upper portion is black while lowler one is white. 3 a piebald horse. 4 an elephant. "sarag jIU pag dharE thImI thImI."-vaq m 1. 5 a moth. 6 a peacock. 7 adj speckled. 8 Skt w<{IT. made from an antler. 9 n a bow made from the parts of an antler.! 10 the bow of Lord Vishnu, in particular. 11 fresh ginger. 12. Skt ~.2 a canopy. 13 a kind of an archaic musical (wind) instrument. 14 a swan. 15 a robe. 16 Kamdev. 17 hair. 18 gold. 19anornament; a piece of jewellery. 20 a lotus. 21 a conchshell. 22 sandalwood. 23 camphor. 24 a flower. 25 a cuckoo. 26 a cloud. 27 a tiger. 28 night. 29 the {:arth. 30 light. 31 a lamp. "sarag mahI patag parE na qarE."-gurusobha. 32 the sky. 33 the moon. 34 the sun. 35 a frog. 36 a mountaiin. 37 a rag3 which has five notes in the ascending scale and six in the
long and has three bends. It is meant for use by horseriders and elephant-riders.
W<r
See~.
'sarag in archery is that bow, which is six and a halfhands
2Its root is the same as of a previous entry. Le. both mean 'spotte:d.'
J;)rav-~arav
R'<f
and
means that there are five notes in the
ascending and six in descending order.
descending order. Kafi Thaat and the Nishad notes are pure and soft while all others are impure. The period for singing sarag is noontime. Vadi in sarag is Rishabh and Sanvadi is the fifth. Dhaivat is barred in the ascending scale, while it is applied in weakened form in the descending scale. ascending- sa, re, rna, pa, na, sa. descending- sa, dha, ni, pa, rna, re, sa. There are many types of this rag. The above mentioned note is pure sarag. This rag occupies the twenty-sixth place in Guru Granth Sahib. 38 a bee, honey-bee. 39 a snake. 40 an ocean. 41 Shiv. 42 a hand. 43 an implement for ploughing the fields; a plough. 44 collyrium. 45 a pigeon. 46 the Creator. 47 a teat. 48 a crow. 49 Krishan. 50 a sextain (six line stanza) - which has 45 long and 58 short matras i.e. a total of 103 matras. 51 water. 52 a day. 53 a star. 54 lightning. 55 a pied wagtail. 56 a pearl. 57 a woman/wife. 58 adjimbued with spiritual love. 59 beautiful. 60 joy-giving. See in how many shades this word has been used by Bhai Santokh Singh in the following savEya: (a) sarag pE kabI sarag pE carhI sarag ~atrun ko balI sarag, (b) sarag jyo jag me kul sarag sarag gyan praka~an sarag, (c) sarag dasan ko prIy sarag sarag do~an ko sam sarag, (d) saragpal)I bhayo nar sarag sarag ~ri hangobfd sarag. Their meanings are: (a) (He) rides sometimes on a sarag (horse) and sometimes on a sarag (elephant). The enemies of a sarag (deer) are mighty sarag (lion). (b) The lineage in the world is sarag
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(bright) like a sarag (the sun), the sarag (fire) being used to light up the emdite sarag (lampenlightenment). (c) sarag (clouds) are dear to sarag (raine birds), the humble ones; sarag (snakes) ar~ like killers to the guilty sarag (frogs). (d) sar::'lgpaJ)i (Vishnu) is (Nar) sar::'lg (NarSingh means the superior most of whole mankind); and the splendour of sarag (passion) and'sarag (moon) is Guru Hargobind. wffiJraI [saragagr], ~ [saragagra] n that which is coupled in front of a sar::'lg (bow), an arrow-scmama. R'ddlQd [saragdhar] See~. (one) who controls the whole earth, the Creator. 2 Vishnu, the possessor of sar::'lg bow. ~iJI1Pf<y [sar::'lgpaI)I], ~ [saragpal)i] See ~. "sadh sagI mIle sar::'lgpal)i." -majh m 5. R'ddl'fa [sar::'lgan] n sword, the enemy of the bow.-sanama. See HifddJlfa. wdfaJa' [saragIk] a poetic metre, with four lines, each line organised as III, 151, 115. Example: gurujan seva kanye, hIt kar sIkhya dhanye.... 2 a bird catcher, who makes his living by catching or killing birds. wdaft [saragi] n a musical instmment, which is played with a ramrod shaped like a bow. 2 a poetic metre, having four lines, each line having five magal)s, with the first pause after eight characters and the second after the next seven characters: 555, 555, 555, 555, 555. Example: sevE jako devi deva, pujE sadhu sagi hE, vyapyo sare eko svami, bhasE nhanha r::'lgi hE.... 3 a female deer; a hind. 4 Skt QII,usJiH, Vishnu, who carries a sarag (bow). 5 adj an archer, a
bow-keeper.
'W'! [sarv], ~ [sarvbh;)m] See ~ and

~.
[sal] adj superb, superior most. "ko salu jIvahe sali."-var ram 3. 'Which is superior of the two- camel-thorn (wild herb) or paddy?' 2 Skt mf[ n a pine tree. (BTI'f is also correct.) Its wood is very hard and straight. It is specially useful for making roofs. Its Latin name is Vatica Robusta. "hare hare sal khare."-GPs. 3 a species offish; (ophiocephalus wrahl). 4 suffix denoting place, house, abode, temple. "prahlad pathae paransal." -basJt kabir. "uce madar sal rasoi."-suhi ravrdas. oFtEh:Jtw, l..fTCl'F.IlW. 5 a hole bored in timber, perforation. See F.rn vr "dindyal vErisal."-akal. See ~~. 6 a sage named Shalihotar who by the order of Indar cut the wings of horses. It is said that, in the ancient times, the horses had wings which helped them fly in the sky just like birds. "sal munisar kate hute bnj raj mana tIh p::'lkh banavat."-krrsan 'By striking them with the winged arrows, Krishan made the bodies of horses as if they again had the wings.' 7 short form for ~; a fairy, nymph. "upar gIddh sal maQrahi tare surma juddh macahi."-carrtr 52. 8 P Jv a year. ~amat (Bikrami year), savatsar. See~. 9 P J~ a shawl, coverlet ofPashmina (a fine variety of wool prepared from Ladhaki and Tibetan goats). "SIr par satguru sal sajai."GPs. 10 a beggar's blanket, rag. 'H"1m [salas] See wfuFr. 2 Skt "ID('ffi (H-l'>fT'l?H), adj weak. 3 lethargic, sluggish. "das karman ke salsi kaya man aru bac."-GPs. See ~
~~.
AIMAd,fe
[salsaraI], H'MHdllJl [salsarayJ a jeweller of Bisambharpur (Bishanpur)l who was a follower of Guru Nanak Dev.
It is the old headquarter of district Bankra in Bengal.
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[sal;'}k], ~ [salaku] A ...6v adj (one) who follows the path shown by God. "pir pEkamar salak sadak."-sri a m 1." "salaku mItu na rahIo koi."-sava m 1. See:~" ~ [salagram] See ~. H'Mfdldcl [salguah] ~fEr. a knot given to a rope after every ye:ar. In ancient times, when there was no tradition of writing, a rope, was kept in the name of each person and a knot was tied on his birth-day. The age of the person concemed was known from the number of knots in his rope; an anniversary; a birthday. HiMfdld'tf [salgnamu], ~ [salgramJI Skt ~. n a village on the bank of the river Gandki. Its name is derived from the pine trees in the village. 2 a round stone, taken out of Gandki river flowing near the town Shalgram. The stone has the sign ofa circle marked on it. The Hindus consider it to be the idol ofVishnu. "salgIramu hanlarE seva."-asa m 5. 'Shalgram, the idol of Vishnu, is worshipped in our religion. "$algram bIp puj manavhu." -basJt m 1. See ~mt. "H"M<!" [sala1).], ~ [sal1).a] adjFf - ~f. saltish, 'salty, saline. 2 n salted cooked vegetable. "bahu ras sal1).e savardi."-sava m 3. See FfTffi'). ~ [salatta] SktFI'J~. son ofone's brotherin-law (son ofwife's brother), children ofthe brother-in-law. "sahura sas sali salatta." -BGK. 'R'"Mi'l [salan] See H~. 2 salted meat; meat obtained by slaughtering a bird or anitmal with a single stroke of a sharp weapon. "salan ras jIm banio roran khat banaI."-VN. 3 v to pierce into, penetrate. "durjan dal salan."-NP ~ [salpatr], Ff'C~ [salpatra] a leaf of a pine tree. Guru Gobind Singh used to apply pine-tree leaf on the wounds of the injured Sikhs to provide early relief to them.
~
"hUI ghayal an~dpur avE.... "salpatr satIguru tIS det, Ik dYE dIn me banE sucet."-GPs. According to Ayurvedic system of medicine, 'sal' is shown curing the wounds.
,,~ ~uleQilq ~
""{ffi
-m- tFf."-~algram
nIgMtu bhu$aI}. 2 In Sanskrit books, wm.r#t is also called by this name, that is ~. It is also known as sarI van and vIdarIg~dh. Its Latin name is Desmodium Gangeticum. This is also a herb used for curing wounds. H'MSicl(,) [salbahan] See H'fMSicl('). "syalkot ke des me salbahna rav."-carItr 97. ~ [salmali] Skt ~ n a silk-cotton tree. Its Latin name is Bombax Heptaphyllum. "salmali ko bIrach huto Ik."-GPS. 2 According to Bhagwat, it is an island which has a huge silk-cotton tree. "salmali so dip suhava."-NP See~. ~ lfO'bra" [sal munisvar] See WM" 6. ~ ~ [sal rasoi] n a kitchen. See WM" 4.2 a dish of rice. "fITW [sala] Skt "BlTC1 brother of one's wife, brother-in-law. The term BJrT"M" is also appropriate for it. In Sanskrit language, ~ is also in use for this word. 2 Skt'ffiffi, a house, home. WWU [salah] n praise, admiration, compliment, commendation. "bhi tu hE salah1).a pIare, bhi teri salah."-sor a ill 1. 2 See ffi?l(J. Hil'S'cl<!' [salah1).a] See~. praise. See wwu. "bInu saCE hor salah1).a jas-hI janamu sabh khor."-vaQ a In 3. H'l'S'clf(') [salahanI] (they) praise, commend. "hfdu salahi salaha1).I."-var asa. 'The Hindus praise th~ praiseworthy.' 'RlWfu [salahI] by praising. "salah I sace m~nI satIguru."-dhana c11Jt m 1. 2 by praising or admiring. "eko japI eko salahI."-sukhmani. 3 (they) praise. "salahi salahI."-japu. 'The"
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admirers admire.' R'MlfclC)y [salahrh-hehu], Hiwfcly [salahIhu] imperative form of praise, admire. "bhi salahrh-hehu saca sor."-sor m 1. "salahIhu bh~g~t-hu k~r jOfr."-var sri m 4. ~ [salahi] adj praiseworthy. 2 n the Creator. "salahi sacu salah s~cu."-var gau 1 m 4. 3 a minister, advisor. 4 an admirer.
5See~.
middle of the pond is a dais. The water flowing over the cascade of marble-stones looks very attractive. Inspired by the flow of water, Zebunnisa, daughter of Aurangzeb, composed the following poem.
0--J~'()JJ~.. ,,:,'.1/
u:r;'~IJ~.Jl.I.f-~l.?
~(lik) Ji,.r:;;'J.lj-?~1
~ 1r:f.Jfh ;A~Jl,,-f
[salahil I admire. "guru salahi apr:ta." -suhi m 3. F.Il'l'J'}fIij' '8'af [i;lalamar bag] a garden with three terraces spread over eighty acres of land three miles north-east of Lahore, which was set up by emperor Shahjahan through his official Ali Mardan Khan in 1634. According to "Badshahnama" written by Mullah Abdul Hamid, the cost of this garden is estimated as rupees six lacs. Bernier writes that the expenses on this garden were about ten lac pounds. A channel from river Ravi was especially drawn from Madhopur Headworks to supply water to this garden under the guidance ofEngineer Ali Mardan Khan at a cost oftwo lacs rupees. In earlier books, the name of this garden is also found to be "Farah Bakhash". Shalamar is termed as a "house of bliss" by many writers. The word Shalamar is a combination ofmrm (Sanskrit) which means 'home' and .IL (Turkish) which means 'bliss'. According to Mohammad Latif, Maharaja Ranjit Singh named this garden as I:l'iJW8 i dl, which means 'garden of the beloved', as F.JTm?T means 'the beloved'. If we call this garden as ''}fro f.l'TW", it will not be out of context because "mar i;lala" has the meaning of 'house of Cupid' i.e. 'house of the god of love'. There is a big pond in the middle of the garden, with beautiful open houses on three sides of the pond, where people sit. In the
which means: o ! falling spring water! for whom are you wailing? In whose grief, you express displeasure by scowling? What distress you had, for you had been crying by striking head against stones, as we had been doing? The fountains of Shalamar are also very fascinating. The special get-together parties are organised by the rich and the famous as also other civil servants at this place now. On the first terrace of the garden, there is a house built by Maharaja Ranj it Singh which has an underground vault. In its basement, stayed William Moorcroft in 1820 while going to Turkistan. ~ [salar] See 'H1?"ij". Jl"'fi;r [salr] SkI wfu n paddy. 2 rice. wfi;m [salIs] A ..:)e- adjthird. 2 n an impartial arbitrator. "salrs srhfda srddhtai ko srdhfda."-gyan. ~ [~alrhotr] SkI n a horse. In a yag, the horses were fed paddy, hence the name ~. 2 a sage, who has written a book on the characteristics, treatment etc. of horses. He chopped off the wings of horses on the persuasion of Indar. See Ji"l?? 6. 3 a book written by Shalihotar, explaining the treatment of horses and other animals; ~alrhotrvrdya; veterinary science. ~:rl [salrhotri] adj (one) who knows veterinary science; a veterinarian. 2 n a
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veterinary doctor. of this holy man is near the Dharamsala. [salrk] See ~iOf and 1JGT. "salrk sadrk ~ [saloky] n a concept acceptable to the worshippers, meaning that understanding of choch dunia thar pae."-asa m 1. ~ [salrkii] plurail of~. See RTf.~. 2 to attainment is identical with the worshipped deity. saliks. H'fMdldi)f [saIIgram] See RT<?dJlIf. ~ [salOJ.).a] See ~T. saltish, saline. "sabhr H'fMSI(J('i [salrbah;m] Skt F.IifMCi!It)(') a majestic ras mrthe manIE sUl).IE salol).e."-sri m 1. ruler from South India, who was the e~emy ~ [salotari] See ~ and HifMJ:{l. of Vikramaditya. He introduced his own ~'a"'d' [salakar] with ornaments. 2 with a calendar year (~~-$akabad) in the year 78 figurative expression, with literary embelAD. His capital was Pratishthan in the district lishment. of Aurangabad on the bank of river Godavri, ~ [$alv] the ruler of Sobh, whom Amba, the which is now popularly known as Pailthan.In daughter of king of Kashi, wished to marry. ancient literature, it is also referred to as When Bhisham brought Amba after Brahmpuri. Shalivahan founded Shalivahankot conquering her in the battle, she told Bhisham (Sialkot) after conquering Punjab. He had about her desire. Bhisham sent Amba to Shalv, sixteen sons including Baland, Rasalu" Puran, but the later did not accept her. See ~. Sundar, Lekh etc. He died in the battle of Shalv was a friend of Shishupal. When Karur. He is named! as Shatvahan in many Krishan killed Shishupal, Shalv set out to books. See H'MS't)('). attack Krishan and was ultimately killed by 'Rl'ftm [salrm] A (le' adj complete, whole, him in the battle. unbroken. ~ [sav] Skt~ n a child. "ranrn ray savanrn H1fMiiI(J('i [saIIvahan], H'fMii'd(')Olc [salIvahsav."-paras.2 adj ~ related to a corpse; ankot] See HifMS'(J('). pertaining to the dead body; of the dead. 3 n ~ [E'l.li] adj penetrator, one who pierces a a crematorium, cremation ground. hole etc. "an ur sali:."-ramav. 2 Skt:~ n ~ [savak], ~ [savka] Skt ~ a child. wife's sister, sister-in-law. 3 paddy, rice. See "bapu savka karE larai."-asa kabir. 'The father WM" 1 and FfT/?? quarrels with his children.' See WlJ cIT ~. 'R"'iiOT [savag], ~ [savgi] a raisin of green ~ [salu] See WM". 2 See FfIC2. FfIC2 [salu] Skt ~ n a red coloured garment. colour; dried grapes. "bahu savag gari badama."-GPS. "dadhr mahr adhrk savgi 2 a striped garment worn by women. ,3 Dg a sarhi, cover. pai."-GPS. ~ [salo bhai] a devoted follower of Guru ~ [savaj] Pkt n a wild elephant. Skt "ffil1\if Ram Das, who worked hard during the See R""HH. "je bhav savaj karhf ataka. nam kehri construction of Sri Amritsar by the fifth Guru tak-hf su aka."-NP 2 a cloud saturated with Arjan Dev. He was the chief police officer of water. "su chabr savaj tartakntr."-paras. Amritsar. His dharamsala (place of worship) ~ [savajni] n an elephant-army; the army built in Ramdaspur is very famous. Bhai Salo of elephants.-sanama. died in Sammat 1685. He was cremated ~ [savja] Skt adj (one) who gives birth to personally by Guru Hargobind. The memorial children. See ~.
~
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[saven).] Skt lQlCfUf n the month which has SlU hohu savdhan."-gau m 5. 2 active, the full moon night of Savan; the fifth month conscious. "savdhan ekagar cit."-sukhmani. of Sammat; SauD. ~ [sayan] See ~. 2 See ~ ~ ~ 18. ~ >fl;r [sava!). mall] Baba Saun (or sava!).) R""@O' >fl;r [sayan mall] See ~ Hc? 2 Divan Mal was a nephew of Guru Amar Das. He Savan Mall, father of MooI Raj, appointed the was sent to Haripur to bring forest timber for subedar of Multan by Maharaja Ranjit Singh the construction in Goindwal ofthe gurdwara in 1821, was a very just ruler. Once he heavily (holy shrine) and residential accommodation penalized his own son for committing some for the congregation. He preached the Guru's crime. He was killed by some criminal in 1844. teachings there and persuaded the ruler of ~ [savyav] with components. Haripur to become the Guru's devotee. The 'F.I""ii1O [$avar] Skt a treatise on magic told by Shiv. 2 sin; crime. Raja ofHaripur, alongwith his family became a devotee of the Guru. The Guru appointed ~ [savrat] Skt ~ n a slaughter-house; him a preacher and assigned him the authority a place of carnage. "kI savrat pura."-paras. to preach Sikhism. 2 adj having reverberations. bhnita ko Ik sut huto sava!). mal namu, ~ [savart] Skt ~ n the lord of clouds; the deity who has a series of clouds under his nrkat hakaryo tahI ko bole sukhdhamu, control. raj haripur ko jaM tahI gaman karije, ~ [savra], ~ [saval] Skt'F.Jjj'l}ffi adj darkdiragh daro samuh jo nrj puri anij. -GPs. complexioned. "saval sudar rup ba!).avhr." -maru solhe m 5. 2 charming. 2 See~Hc? 2. ~ [sawWI], wrn [sav!).i] n autumn harvest; Riiill'SlhJ [saval$ah] the idol of a money lender kharif crop sown in summer and harvested in assumed by Vishnu to liquidate the debt of autumn or early winter. "sav!).i sacunau."-var his devotee Narsi, according to a belief of mala m 1. 2 full moon night of the month of the Vaishnaites. See oerft and ~. Saun. 3 during the month of Saun. "nanak R'iill'Sf.I'Jl [saval$ahi], ~ fi:fur [saval SIgh], sava!).I je vas."-var mala m 1. 'if it rains in ~m [savalpathi] people following the Saun.' teachings of the gursikh devotee Savel Singh. ~ [s.ava!).u] See ~. "sava!).u ala he Most of them reside in Dera Ismail Khan, sakhi."-var mala m 2. 2 autumn harvest; a Muzzafargarh and Multan. The people crop sown in summer and harvested in autumn belonging to this se.ct are both of shorn and unshorn hair. or early winter; kharif. "sava!).u ratI aharu dIhu."-var ram 1 m 1. See~. 'R'ii1'W [savla], ~ [savla], ~ [savlio], 'R"'@'3" [savat], ~ [savat] Dg a warrior. See ~ [savlia] dark. See ~. "janu Qase mfO'. bhujagam savle."-ca<;ii 3. "tu dhanu keso Riiil3Rfaec [savatsarrk] Skt fliclc-flRCf1 adj annual, savlio."-mali namdev. related to the year. 2 n an astrologer; he who R""ii1T [sava] adj green. 2 Skt F.I'JITii1' a blend of foretells the reward in life. black and yellow; yellowish black; blackish yellow. R'iilQ'o [savdhan] Skt adj one havin,g concentration of mind; alert. "apne prabhu Wii1t [sava] the same. 2 equal, comparable.
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3 SeeWW. ~ [sarhsati] See ~. .~ [savaDi], ~ft [savani] wife; a woman Jt1;tt [sarhi] a sarhi, lady's garment. See 'Wit. brought home by marrying her. "m savaDi hE fA" [SI] pron that. "kavaDI SI ruti mahu kI surita?"-BGK. See~. kavaDu."-japu. 2 therefore. "has SI hasa, bag ~ [savItr] Skt the sun. 2 Shiv. 3 adj SI baga."-asa cMt m 1. 3 P -': n three. 4 adj pertaining to the Sun dynasty. third. "jIS rIdE SI locan nahi."-var mala m 1. 'who does not have the third eye ~ [savItraka], ~ [savItri] Skt ~ (erudition)' "madal bed SI bajDo."-varmaru n Gayatri, the holy mantar of the Hindus. 1 m 1. 'Teaching ofthe three Veds is imparted 2 daughter of Brahma. 3 wife of Brahma, with full vigour.' Initially there were only according to some Purans. "kI savItraka che." three Veds. See~. 5 Sktfupeace. 6 pleasure. -datt 4 daughter of king Ashvpati of Madar 7 patience. 8 Shiv. country and wife of Satyavan. A sage told her that Satyavan would die within a year, yet she fi:rtt [SIU] part with. "Esi pritI gobfd SIU lagi."-gau m 5. 2 together with, alongwith. got married to him. When her husband died "min ki capal s]:u jugatI man rakhie."-maru within one year ofth~:ir marriage, she propitiated m 1. 'Control with skill the mind which is Dharamraj, the god of death, with her fidelity fickle like l;l fish.' 3 from, with, against. "k!: to her husband and got Satyavan back from the SIU kari pukar?"-dhana m 1. "laju ghap SIU other world. 5 river Sarasvati. 6 river Yamuna. tutI pari."-gau kabir. "pIta prahlad SIU guraj 7 a woman whose husband is alive. uthai."-bher a m 3. 'The father picked up the ~ [savi] adj green, greenish. See H~. 2 of the correct amount or weight. "ghfna savi mace to hit Prahlad. 4 n Shiv. See Hm. tolI."-sava m 5. 'by equal weight.' 3 flowing; 5 SktFJ pron "karan SIU Icha carah."-saveye m 2 ke. 'They control their senses accordi,ng that which flows; a flowing river. "ravi savi adI kahu ayudh es bakhan."-sanama. By to their own desire.' meaning that they are not the slaves of their senses.' prefixing 'ayudh es' to 'ravi' or 'saravi,' we have the word for 'gallows'; the lord of the fHijfes ' [sIUIcha] Skt~ one's own desire. self-desire. See fi:rtI 5. river Ravi is Varun and his weapon is pas fi:rtt& [sIUk], ~'C{ [sIuk] n white ants; a (gallows). termite; a white ant with red mouth, which ~ tH ~ [savi es astra]-sanama. ~lTfft, the lives in mounds made from the soil. It does weapon of Varun, Lord of the river. lot of damage by eating wood, clothes, paper ~~ [savat] See FJT}f~. "tapE tej sav:~t jvala etc. The white ant flees when countered with samana."-janmejay. sulphur. asafoetida, coal-tar, kerosene-oil etc. w;rr [sara] n a burning sensation, an inflammation. 2 jeal[ousy, envy. 3 a material ~ [SIUDa] Skt Rm> n the act of sewing; stitching of clothes with thread and needle. added to water for decomposition as grape's essence is added to prepare vinegar. 4 adj fi:rtt'3T [sIuta] Skt ~~ adj sewn, stitched. short form for ~ in pahari Punjabii. 5 See joined with thread and needle. ~ [sIUna] See ~. 2 gold. w;ft [sari] See ~. 2 See ~. 3 short form tmIo1 [sIUnij a caste of the Khatris. for~(~). ~ [sIuraD] See ~.
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fHl1~i'I"ft
[sIUrasi] a village, also called Sivrasi. Now it is popularly called ~ or~. This village falls under police station Kotkapura in the princely state of Faridkot. 'Gurusar'l the place visited by the tenth master, Guru Gobind Singh is located between it and Behbal. See ~ cf. 4. "bahIbal te sIUrasi namu. kare bIlokan jab e gramu."-GPs. A devout Sikh, Heta, resident of the village served the Guru with full devotion. The Guru presented him a sword which is still preserved by his descendants in the village "Golevala"2
See~and~. ~.
fi::r>ffiJ [sIah] See
~ [sIarana] get cooled. See ~.
fRnfr [sIal past tense of '5<Y. was. 2 See Fftrr.

P adj black. "mIle hir cira kIte SIau karna."-gyan. 'horses with black-ears. ' fi:rItJ:s [sIasat] A .:.v-h-- the act of supervising. 2 governing. Skt~. fi::r>,rn [sIah] black. See ~. "sIahau hoa set."-majh bar;;,hmaha. 'from youth got into old age.' ~ [sIahgo1;>] P J / ~h-- n a. carnivorous quadruped having black ears. Its face is like that of a cat and body is as that of a dog. It is kept for hunting. It pounces quickly upon animals like a hare, deer, etc. Its zoological name is Felis Caracal. ~R [sIahpo1;>] See ~ and ~. ~ [SIahar] a village under police station Delhon in tehsil and district Ludhiana, which is situated at a distance of four miles northeast ofAhmedgarh railway station. There is in this village a gurdwara in memory of Guru
Ri]1}f
~ [SIau] Skt
Hargobind about halfa mile west ofthis village. When the Guru was on his way from Rarha (rara) to Jagerha, his horse fell ill near this village. The Guru halted here, and the horse died at this place, and was buried with a shawl covering it. There is a shrine raised over the burial place near the gurdwara. In the beginning, it was a very ordinary shrine, but now the present priest Bhai Tehil Singh has since Sammat 1975 got constructed a beautiful place of worship. The recitation of Guru Granth Sahib is done here daily. ~ [sIahi] P U'h-- n blackness, soot. 2 ink. 3 mental dirt, wickedness of mind. See CRT 2. ~fiat [sIahi tIbbi] a place near Anandpur Sahib, where the Guru pierced to death two Muslims with his arrows. Instigated by the hill-rulers, they were trying to blow up the Guru with cannon shots while he was holding a holy congregation there. ft:rnfrtit tftfufu [sIahi di bIdhI] A script-writer has written down the method of making ink on the last page of Bhai Banno's manuscript of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. While preparing fresh manuscripts the ink-making formula was blindly copied word for word by the ignorant script-writers. So much so some foolish scholars insist on reciting this portion dealing with the method of preparing ink. The formula for ink production is as under: "soot weighing 1 sirsahi, bolu 3 sarsahi 2, arabic gum 2 sarsahi, amethyst (purple or voilet quatz) one ratti, gold one ratti, bIjEsar water4 , copper-utensil, wood of magosa tree
Jbolu is a medicine named Myrrha in English and mur in Persian. According to Ayurvedic system its effect is assumed to be warm. It cures abdominal diseases. It is also called maslvardhan in Sanskrit. 4bhagra. Its Bengali name is masrraj.
IThe village derives its name Gurusar, after the word Gurdwara. 2Golewala is a railway station on Lahore- FerozepurBhatinda railway line.
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(Azadirachta indica), soot ofa burning earthen lamp collected at a distance from the flame.\ grinding of all thes,e contents is to go on for twenty days." The ancient wriiters used to prepare ink by this method. Addanshahi Sikhs were engaged in its trade particularly, hence this ink was popularly known as "ac;l.l~a1).$ahi srahi." ~ [srahu] See ~. "tanu srahu hor badan jar kumlar."-var guj 1 m 3. ~ [sra1).] n recognition, knowledge, identification. ~ [sra1).na] v to recognise, have knowledge of. ~ [sra1).ap] n wisdom, intelligence, cleverness. "sahas SIa1).ap karr rahe manr kon: ragu na hor."-sri m 4.2 experimentation. 3 miserliness, niggardliness. ~ [sIa1).a] adj wise, prudent. Sele A l~~' far-sighted, sagacious. 2 clever. 3 miserly, niggardly. 4 n a village under police station and tehsil Pehowa, district Kamal, which is situated ten kos west of Pehowa. The tenth Guru Gobind Singh had held at this place a meeting with saint Shahbhikh ofThaska. 2 The heavy pointed heads ofthe arrows ofthe te:nth Master kept in gurdwara are worth-seeing. Guru Teg Bahadur had earlier sanctified this place with his gracious presence. ~ Ruret [sra1).a syda] a village in tehsil Goohla district Kamal. There is a gurdwara in memory of Guru Gobind Singh in this village. ~ [SIa1).u] adj an acquaintance, a familiar
Ithe earthen lid over the lamp to collect soot is not to be scrubbed, only the dust particles are to be removed gently.
2
person. [srata] adj acquainted, known, recognised. fFn,rro [sran] See f"Rl>f1(!". 2 wisdom, intelligence. "rani taji sran."-carrtr 50. fl::r>wotr [sranap] See ~. "sranap kahu kamr na at."-guj m 5. "ranap te sabh bhai sranap."-brla m 5. fi:J>wor [srana] See ~. fl::I>wtr' [srapa] lamentation over the dead body, n a funeral custom with women beating their breasts, cheeks and thighs and wailing through funeral songs. fi::mrH [slam] Many have used this term for Assam. See l?flRTH. 2 Skt BJP}f adj black. 3 n dark complexioned Krishan. "gokul mad he SIam go."-toc;ii namdev. See ffiI1H. 4 SktF.IJtTHT Lachhmi, the goddess of wealth. "sIam palotE par jrh."-krrsan. 5 P (~ evening, sunset, dusk. See Ffl}f. 6 A Syria. See BTH. ~ [sIamsudar] n one who adds splendour to nature, the Creator. "sramsiJdar tajr nld kru ai?"-suhi m 5. fJ:p,rT}f<!l lSI am1).i] n even i ng. "subha sram1).i."-cac;ii2. 'suggesting dusk and dawn.' 2 (woman) black complexioned, black. 3 pertaining to Krishan. ~ [sram1).odhara] on the side of the Lord. "tajat sra,m1).odhara bhajat pra1). 1 bhata."-ramav. 2 to the kind act of serving one's master. 3 (one) who is dark-complexioned. ~ [sramal] Skt F.lJ!TH(") adj darkcomplexioned, wheatish. 2 beautiful, handsome, attractive. "sIamla madhur manukhya rrdya bhumr vra1).ah."-sahas m 5. 'a person who is handsome and soft-spoken, but nurtures a feeling of enmity in his heart.' 'ffp,rrw [srama] Skt F.rif'}fT a young woman. 2 Kali; Durga, the goddess of power. "rk ratat nam srama apar."-datt. 3 a black cow. 4 gum
~
Many authors have refe:rred to the name of the saint as Bhikhanshah. See W<J~h:f and
Cifli'XT.
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of a certain pine tree such as Arnyris comphora used in incense or balm. 5 musk. 6 piper longum - a piperaceous plant; its fruit is used in medicine. 7 Indian rose wood tree; Dalbergia Sissoo. 8 black pepper. 9 Yamuna river. 10 night. fl::mrtHt [sIami] See ft:t>m.r". See ~. ~ [sIar] Sktwm'f a jackal. 2 Skt~the enemy of a lion. "jClb hi SIar sigh kClu khaI." -bl1r kClbir. Here sigh stands for ego and sIar means self-realisation. fJ:p,rral [sIari] n a she-jackal. 2 the vowel representing the letter ~, short vowel [I]. When hooked to the consonants, it gives the sound of (I) and is represented by ( f ). In Gurbani this vowel ( f) is relational at some places while it is adverbial at other places. Sometimes it expresses the meaning ofseveral inflexions (paradigms). Many scholars, who have no knowledge of phonetic rules governing the vowels misinterpret the meanings ofwords involving ( f). In this Mahan Kosh, the meanings of words having (' f ) have been given at proper places. 1 See 'Rfutr, orfa', trfl-r, 3fo Hfo etc. fR>wl;r [SIal] Skt a jackal. "kaq.h del SIal bClpure kClu."-maru m 5. Here 'jackal' stands for laziness. 2 a sub-caste of Khatris. 3 a subcaste ofMuslims, found in Jhang. 4 Skt winter season. 5 See ~. ~G [sIalkot] a town in north-east of Punjab. It is a British cantonment. It is said to have been founded by Shalivan. See H'FMS'cli'i. Some writers have called him Shakal. Many suppose it to have been founded by king Salv and hence name it as
IMy friend Sardar Teja Singh MA, Professor, Khalsa
College Amritsar has written a booklet "F.I<IeBcl"/?<W HTgT" on the grammar of Gurbani. The readers are advised to read it.
~alvkot.
There are two places of worship here relating to Guru Nanak Dev(i) Ber Sahib: Guru Ji took rest for a while under this jujubi tree. Now there is a very grand gurdwara built at this place. See ~o
wfua".
(ii) Bawli Sahib. This sacred place is in the house of Moola. See lfW. In days gone by, good quality paper was manufactured in Sialkot, which was popularly known as Sialkoti paper. This was considered next to Kashmiri paper in quality. Many available sacred books are found written on Sialkoti paper. At least sixty out of one hundred manuscripts of Guru Granth Sahib are found to have been written on Sialkoti paper. ~ [sIali] n a she jackal. 2 a cotton-wool cloth worn in winter-season; a padded mattress; a quilt. 3 adjpertaining to the winter . season. See lifHO )')fTfu. fi:p,p;r [SlaT] a furrow ploughed out with the pin of a plough. Skt~. See Fft>?rra'. 'fi::rtR" [SIes] See ~. fmr [SIS] Skt fin\[, n a child, infant, kid, offspring. "tlh SIS sita."-ramav. whose offspring is Sita. 2 Shead. Skt WTrsf "bir kClrorCln ke SIS tor."-cClrItr 195.3 a neck. 4 Skt~ a pupil, disciple. 5 Skt ~ vr to leave residue, keep behind, separate, be in excess. fl:rRc [SISClt] See ft:rnfc and ~. fi:n::Jfc [SISCltI] Skt ~ n creation. 2 cosmos, universe, mankind, human race, world. "srsCltI upai SClbh tudhu ape."-var sri m 4. FRHF<::ti' [SIsCltrja] n from which the universe is created; an illusion, nature. fHHF<::Qiij [sIsCltrdhar] adjthe basis of creation. 2 the creator of the universe, who supports whole of the world. "sIsCltrdhar hClrI tum
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479 krrpal."-kan m 4 P'O}ftal. ~. n a sitting, a session. 2 the act of aiming at. 3 aiming at. fm::Io [sIsan], fFrRQ [sIsanu] Skt~ n a penis; reproductive organ (s), genitalia "sIsan kate te pir vIsala."-NP. fm:rtp- [sfspa] Sktf.rivrqr n Indian rosewood tree P L Dalbergia Sisoo. Its wood is very heavy and smooth. It is mostly used in buildings and furniture making.
FRdH'Hil
fl::rn3" [sIsat] P
fi:Il:n..rr5" [sIspal]See~. fm:Rr [sIsar] See fJ:rfi:re-. fi:IfR" [SISI] on the head, overhead. "jIs SISI
na hovi lekh."-sri am 1. fi:rfi:Rr [SIsrr], ~ [sIsiar],~ [sIsiaru] Skt fF.lfF.ra' n weather in the months of MaghPhagun. 2 snow, ic~:. 3 adj cool, cold, chHly. "rutI sIsiar sital harr pragte maghar pOhI jiu."-ram m 5 run. See fu'>.rore" 'f.lm!. fi::nI [SISU] SkI t'F.nir n a child. 2 S a neck. 3 a head. '\l.ei SISU utari."-var maru 2 Dr15. 4 a pupil, disciple. fi::nI1.l"l? [sIsupal] Sk/~ son of Damgosh, the ruler of Chanderi. He was born to Shrutdeva, sister ofVasudev. Thus he was a cousin brother of Krishan. According to Mahabharat, Shishupal was born having three eyes and four hands. His parents desired to abandon him, but then tlhl~re was a forecast that this child would become a very eminent person and he should be brought-up to become so. Thus he was named .'Shishupal'. He was a staunch enemy ofKrishan because Rukmani was engaged to get married to him, but Krishan forcibly took her away. Sbishupal insulted Krishan in the presence of all those attending the Yajna performed by Yudhishtar. Thus Krishan killed him out of revenge. According to Vishl1lu Puran, Shishupal was
Hiranyakashipu in his previous birth and he was the ten-headed Ravan during his second birth. "hE sIsupal caderi me bir."-krrsan. The famous poet Magh has provided a beautiful poetic description named, "~IsupalvaQ". ~ [~I~umar] SkI n According to Vishnu Puran, there are seven stars having fish-like shape. Vishnu is in the middle ofthe fish while Dhruv is towards the tail. 2 a crocodile; an alligator. 1t.tF.ifGI' [~I~odIya] See ~ and ~. ~ [p~atJ SkI adj calm, quiet, patient. forbearing. 2 obedient to the Guru and the holy scripture. 3 wise, intelligent. 4 noble. fl:t,:!ltliij [~I$tacar] SkI n manners of civilised people; decency; the conduct of good moral people. 2 hospitality, respectful reception. fEn[ [$I~an] See fARo. ftm:;r [~I~Y] SkI adj capable of education; who can be advised. 2 n a pupil, disciple. Seefi:lcf and ffi'cr. fi:Rr [sIh] See fl:r 3. fif<:r [sfh] SkI n a violent animal. 2 a lion. 3 a zodiac sign, Leo. 4 See ~ and ft::?ur. ~ [sfhka] See fi:Tfuw. fmm [sIhaj], fRm:rr [sIhja], fHdti'fe [sIhjaI] SkI murr n that on which one sleeps, a bed. See F.ft vr. -"jau gurdeu sIhaj nIksai."-bhEr namdev. There is a tale in Bhagatmal that the emperor Mohammad Tuglak presented a cot to Namdev. Namdev threw it in the river. The emperor felt insulted and demanded his cot back. The cot was pulled out of the river. By the grace of God it was totally dry, and was returned to the emperor. "sIhja, dharatr bartan kau pani."-prabha m 5. "kotI jia jaki sIhjar."-bhE'r a m 5. fRdH'R<!l [sIhjasDi], f'rfR""d... tirnIH,..,(')A-~ [sIhjasni] adj (one) who sleeps on bed, bed-ridden, confined to bed, "nave ka sIhjasDi."-var majh m 1.
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fi:ru3"
~ [sIhat] A
480
fRa8dld
2 ~. curiosity; a strong craving; love. "je tau pIria di SIk."-s fCJrid. fi:rcm"3" [sIkasatl, ~ [1?Ikast] P ~ n a defeat; downfall. "cali sIkast khaI ab sma." -GPs. 2 adj broken; broke. ~[1?Ikastah] P ~ adj dilapidated. See SkI mw. 2 n inscription made in haste with incomplete vowel signs and unclear letterforms. ~ [1?Ikastan] P ~ v to break, smash. SkI mr-=r. v to kill, break into fragments. fi::rcEr [sIkta] Skt n granulated sand. 2 sugar. ~ [sIkdar] P .JIJ...t: adj one who issues coins; a king. 2 a chief; ruler. "sagal SrISatI ke pac sIkdar."-g5c;i m 5. "sIkdarhu nah patiaIa."-sor m 5. FRae'J! [sIkdari] n rule, chiefdom. "jISU ~. sIkdari tIs-hI khuari."-ram CJ m 1. fl::rotor [sIhana] vto shrink,hesitate. 2 to crave, fHae'2 [sIkdaru] See fHael<:l. "kuf hoa want. 3 to fear. "sur sIhahI kIm kar hE sIkdaru."-var asa. dharan."-GPS. fiiao [~Ikan] P ~ n a ruffle; a fold. 2 adj fR'u1:a" [sIhab] A '":"'~ n a companion; an (he) who breaks. In this sense it occurs at the associate. 2 plural of~. 3 See 'ffiJ'Ta". end of a word e.g. "man but~Ikan."-japhCJr. fRur>.r [sIham] P (~ Plural of ffiJH. parts, 'I a am breaker of images.' portions. 2 an arrow, a shaft. fircm [1?Ikam] P n an abdomen, a belly. fi:ffua:r [sfhIka] n daughter of Daksh, wife of 2 See fHfon.r. Kashyap and mother of Rahu. According to ~ [1?Ikra] P ~P a hawk; a bird of prey the view expressed by several authors, she was smaller than a ba1?a. It is a female and its male is called cacak or cIpak. It is native to the wife of Viprachitti. She was believed to possess the power to drag creatures flying in Punjab and lays eggs here only. It builds its the sky by catching hold of their shadows. nest on the trees. It is used for hunting small Hence her name "chayagrahIl).i". When birds and is released from the fist to chase Hanuman was going across the ocean to them. Ceylon, she dragged him and swallowed him 'fi:radto [1?Ikrin] See ftrtJ'a" 2. but he tore apart her abdomen to come out fi:ra'l? [sIkal] A ~ n the process of cleansing; and this put an end to Sinhika. polishing of weapons by removing rust. 2 See Frno 4. FRaMdl<:l [sIkalgar], FAO(M1dl<:l [sIkligar] P J ~ fRftfeT [sIhfda] a rectifier. See H'f};rn". one who clean the surfaces, removes rust.
d SkI ~ health, healthiness. 2 absence of error; correctness, accuracy. fJ:f<:Jis [sfhWq] See Ft"ifs. fl:roH [sIhamu] See ffiJH. fi:roa". [sIhar] A /' n magic. 2 illusion. "Ihu ju dunia sIharu mela dastgiri nahi."-trlag kCJbir. ~ [sIharphi] P if n Arabic alphabet comprising thirty letters. "bahuro sIharphi ju sabh hi paqhai hE."-NP 2 an explicatory poem written on the basis of thirty letters e.g. "alaph ala ko yad kar gaphlat mano vIsar." etc.-JSBB. fi:rnt" [sIhara] See ffi:Jw. fJ:ruijt [sIhri] adj(one) who exercises charm; a hypnotist. fi::rog [sIharu] See fi:l<Rr. fi:ful;r [sfhal], ~Rr [sfhaldvip] SkI n an island where live many tigers; Ceylon. See
fi:rnt [sfhi] a tigress. fi:ror [sIk] n a desire; a wish; an inclination.
J.7
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ukab SIkra
sicana
kuhi or :?ahin
kural
BIRDS OF PREY
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carag
gheg4i
turmati
bahiri
BIRDS OF PREY
Page 514 of 674
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baz 4hoka topi vala baz
lagar
mu~khor
BIRDS OF PREY
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In one ofsavEyas in Dasam Granth the names of some birds of prey are thus mentioned: besre :>r kuhi bahri aru sIkavat heran karan."-GPs. baj jure bahute sag line, faa'Gtd [:;;Ikayat] A -=<t!$ n a complaint; a ba:;;e ghane lagra carge protest. :;;Ikren ke phet bhali bIdhI kine, ~ [sIkar] P .Jt!$ n hunt. "sat sagI Ie capo dhuti ukab basinan ko saj sIkar."-bheT m 5. Skt~. the act of playing along with dogs. kath jagolan dval navine, jak-hu her calavat bhe tIn ft:ra'ra' t.lI"'C [pkar ghat] See ~or<J. ~Q [pkarpur] a town. of Sindh situated pachIn te Ik jan na dine. -knscm 2090. in district Sakkar. It is a famous centre of In this dictionary the account ofthese birds trade. To this place belonged Bhai Gurdas, a recluse blessed with great power, wll10se place figures alphabetically. of worship is well-known. Even now the ~ [sIkalat] A ..,::) l;.. the act of cleaning, and shining the weapons after removing the people here are very devoted to Sikhism. Bhai 2 a polisher's job. rust. Gurdas has also written expositions of Guru ~ [sIkavat] See ~ and fi:rcx'ror. Granth Sahib. ~ [:;;Ikari] adj a hunter. 2 xa dissolute, fl:rfaH [sIkIm] A state towards the east of the Himalayas, Tibet is to its north east, Bhutan profligate. fl:rcxrat [:;;Ikari pachi] birds of prey. 2 birds to its south-east, Darjeeling to its south and Nepal to its west. Its area is 2,818 square miles trained to prey upon other creatures. Birds which and its ruling dynasty believes in Buddhism. are specially kept to hunt other birds are baz, JUT-ra, ba:;;a, ba:;;in, :;iIkra, cIpak, besra and dhuti ~ [:;;Ikoh] P H~ n fear; fright. 2 See~. (or tudhi), and have rosy eyes i.e. have pale mihm [sIkoran] v to squeeze, twist. "nak sIkor-hI narak bhi."-GPS. 'Even hell turns eyes with a rosy tinge. carag, cargela, lagar, up the nose. ' jhagar, turmati, turmata, bahri, bahribacca, kuhi, facitr [:;;IkJj] a pinch; the act of kohila, chIkkul, QheQi, ukab, kural, have black pinching. 2 to twist, wind. eyes. Compared with the black-eyed, those with fRcftl'lft [sIkajbi] A / a potable liquid rosy-eyes are more loyal. prepared by mixing vinegar and honey. 2 a The females of these birds of prey are potable drink prepared by adding sugar to called like the males.' The males of the birds of prey are shorter in size than the females, lemon juice. as against the males of other birds which are fJ::r<iw [sIkaja] P ,J!ft n an implement in which a book-binder presses the books for their oflarger size. These birds of prey live on meat setting. 2 a machine, used during the Mughal alone and bring up their young ones also on rule to torture criminals. meat. When their young ones are too young, they throw up half-digested meat from their ~ [sIkJdar] .J~ E Alexander. There have been many Alexanders but the following stomachs to feed them. are famous: One was the son of Ph ill ipos2 and lIn English there is no distinction of verb on the basis of
'fJ:l'Qr [S I ka] See fR':&T. fi:rorror [sIkana] v to feel curious; crave. "rahi
mrr
pen
gender. (Editor)
zphilippos or Philip.
Page 516 of 674
fRCieaJ:t'<J
486
was the king of Greece who after defeating the king of Persia invaded India. He defeated King Puru ofthe Punjab on the bank ofJehlum in the year 327 BC. Having come up to the river Beas, he turned back to his kingdom and died in the year 323 BC. "phdkus pat~ah ke sur sIk~dar put."-carItr 217. See~. (2) The second Alexander was the son of Antiochus, the king of Syria. (3) The third Alexander was the son of Simon, a resident of Syrinia. He was a supreme devotee of Christ. (4) The fourth Sikandar was aking of the Lodi dynasty and son of Behlol Khan Lodi. Having ascended to the throne of Delhi in the year 1489, he tormented the Hindus very much and died at Agra on the 17th of February 1517. It was during his reign that the first European ship landed on the Indian coast. fHcKe~:JI:litJ [sIk~dar~ah lodi] See ~ 4. ~ 'Rl'fus" [sIk~dar sahIb] See~. ~ firarfu>.r [sIkadar bnahIm] See yo9" (d) 'fi:rci~ ~w [sIkadri bhuja] n pillars of the size of arms that Alexander got built in the ocean to guard ships from hitting against the rocks; the light houses of yore. fi:t'cfq [sIk~dh] See 'A'Cfq. fi::rcio [sI kan] See 'f'i;rqo. fi:fcft [sIkkri] dandruff. fi:lW [sIkka] P ...t; n a state currency. Affixing the seal on silver or gold etc. is the sign of a sovereign government. The Sikh rulers also issued their respective coins from time to time which may be described as under: (a) In the year 1765 AD the Khalsa Panth issued a coin, which Maharaja Ranjit Singh also retained during his rule and thus lent glory to the mint at Amritsar. The inscription on this coin was: dee teeo fatah nusrat bedr~g,
yaftaz nanak guru gobfd sfgh. (b) the currency of the Patiala State: The rupee and mohar coins were known as Rajeshahi. This rupee comprised pure silver and weighed II Y4 masas while the mohar weighed 10% masas. Both bore the inscription: hukam ~ud az kadre be ell ba ahmad bad~ah, sIkkah zan bar simo zar az :>je mahi ta bamah. .(c) The currency of Jind- the rupee of the Jind state, known as "jidia", weighs II Y4 masas and wore the same inscription as on the Rajeshahi rupee of Patiala. (d) The currency ofNabha: The rupee and mohar of the Nabha state are known as "nabhe~ahi". The rupee of Nabha weighed II Y4 masas and the mohar 9% masas, and the metal used for both was highly pure. The inscription on them read: dee teeo fatah nusrat bedrag, yaftaz nanak guru gobfd sfgh. (e) The currency of the Kapurthala stateNow this currency is not available. But in earlier times the one issued by Sardar Jassa Singh Bahadurwore the following inscription: sIkkah zad dar jaM bafazle akal, mulak ahmad ganft jassa kala!.1 2 a metal. Skt Ffh::!q. lead; abundantly used for making mortars, bullets, small shots etc. ~ [sIk~] Skt fu~ vr to read, practise, learn. ~ [sIk~ak] Skt adj who educates. 2 n a mentor. 3 a teacher. ~ [sIk~al Skt n an advice, a precept. 2 a counsel. 3 a part of the Veds in which the number, correct tonal pronunciation and exact recitation of their mantars are explained. fi:Jfis [sIk~It] adj trained; (one) who has adopted Sikh religion; educated.
ISeethe Rajas of the Punjab by LH. Griffin pp. 285-87, 460-61,466.
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fm:l'ir
fi:n:r [sIkh] SkI futscr n a disciple. student. 2 the

follower of Guru Nanak Dev who has embraced the Sikh religion ofthis paragon of truth, and professes Guru Granth Sahib as his scripture and regards the ten Gurus as identicaL "gurusatIgurkajosIkhakhae ... josasgIras dhIae mera harI harI so gursIkh guru manI bhavE."-var gaul m 4. "ap chacjr sada rahE par!)E gur bIn avaru na ja!)E k01. kahE nanak su!)-husat-hu, so SIkh sanmukh h01."-anad. SeefR1:f.3 a counsel, an instruction. "je Ik gur ki SIkh Su!)i."-japu. "guru tutha SIkh devE mere bhai."-asa m 4. 4 the top. "mucjl mucjaI jata SIkh biidhi." -mam am 1. ~ [sIkhsabha] n an organisation of the followers of Guru Nanak; a congregation of the hermits. "sIkhsabha dikhIa ka bhau." -asa m 1. See FlW". 'fl:rtf<!r [sIkh!)a] v to learn. fl:!l:r<!t [sIkh!)i] a woman who adopts Sikhism. fi::n:ftRn.r [sIkhdharam] See fR1:f t:roH. fi:n:ro't [sIkhni] Se:e fJ:JcI'it. 'f1n:rH3" [sIkhmat], :f1:n:n.rf3" [sIkhmatI] n teaching, precept, advice, instruction. "sIkhmatI sabb budhI tumari."-brla m 1. fRl:ffl" [sIkhar] SkI ~ n the top of a hill. 2 a spire of a temple. 3 the white horse (of god Indar), with tall ears. "sIkhar sunagar nadi ce natha."-dhana trrlocall. 4 heavenly door; the tenth opening. "amrItu rnulu sIkhar IIv tar."-brla thrti mI. fl:Il:rfa" [sIkharI], 11:n:Rft [sIkhri] Ski ~~ adj with a top. 2 n a mountain. 3 a tree. fi:ii::rnr [sfkhla] Sk" ftfcrw n a chain; a sequence of metal-links. "'jo jagkan sfkhla sag."-NP with crooked chains. ~ [sIkhlana] v to teach. ~ [sIkhvan] n teaching, precept, advice. "sIkhvan kalu devat bhuri."-NP
~3T [sIkhv~ta] adj educated; (one) who
mar
has imbibed the precept. 2 who preaches. "SUJ)I sIkhvate ! nanak bInv."-guj a m 1. ~ [sIkhra] adj (one) who has received the precept; the suffix ;rr implying "~" (a bearer). Many people hold that it is derogatory but this rule is not applicable everywhere. 2 n one adopting Sikhism of Guru Nanak Dev. "jo disE gursIkhra tISU nIVI nIVI lagau paI jiu."-suhi m 4 gUI).vati. fRl:fT [sIkha] SkI ful:fT n a top; a tuft of hair. 2 the peak of a hill. 3 a flame of fire. 4 an advice, precept. "sIkha kanI caraia."-varasa. 5 plural offR1:f. the Sikhs. "maragI pathI cale gur satIgur sagI sIkha."-tukha chat m 4. ~ [sIkham:la], ft::rcrroo [sIkharan], ~ [sIkhalna] v to train, advise, teach. "sagal praja ko dharam sIkharan."-manuraj fi:rfl:r [sIkhI] See ft:nt:ft. 2 (by) the Sikh. "sIkhI satgurudhIaIa."-g5c;f a m 5. 3 after learning. fRftp,rr [sIkhIa] See 'fI::r6tr. 2 by means of teaching, through instruction. "sac sIkhIa kati jam ki phasae."-dhana chat m 5. fi::rfl:r3" [sIkhIt] See ft:rfiE. fi:rft:ro'l [sIkhIni] See fJ:JcI'it. 2 SkI ft:rfl:Io't n a peahen. ~ [sIkhIbahan], ~ [pkhIvahan] SkI n whose vehicle is a peacock; Shiv's son Kharanan; Kartikey. "SIV SIkhI-bahan gan sahIt ae ran rIS dhar."-krrsan. ftn:ft [sIkhi] (by) the Sikhs. "sIkhi sIkhIa gurvicarr."-var asa. "SIkhi atE sagti parbrahamu karI namaskarIa."-ram var 3. 2 See fi:l1:ft. 3 SkI ~ adj who keeps a tuft. 4 n a peacock. 5 a cock. 6 a tree. 7 fire. 8 a hill. 9 a comet. 10 a horse. 11 a lamp. 12 an arrow, shaft. 13 Indar. fi::Jcft '8"U7i [sIkhi bahan] See ~. ~ [sIkhacj] Sk/~ n a tuft of hair. 2 the tail of the peacock. 3 the top of a tree or a
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creeper. sdhIj subhav TId dVdgya dbhIman hE.-BGK [sIkhaqar:tahj Skt~,n a hill. "dip fi::i1:ft:rnH [sIkkhdharamj Religion is the path loa sIkh~qar:tah."-gatha. 2 rn (three) cfiI that great personages have chalked out to (region) worlds. Three regions ofthe cosmos: show the way for realising the purpose of human life.! Of several paths shown by hell, earth and heaven. fl::nffu' [sIkhaqI j, fJ:rchft [sIkhaqij Sktf1Ii\..ClfO;s;\ religion, the main path is the one that the ten adjwho has a tuft. 2 n a peacock. 3 a feathered masters from Guru Nanak Dev to Guru arrow. 4 a cock. 5 a creeper, climber. "ghat~t Gobind Singh have shown. It is known as basudha gIrI taru sIkh~q~."-sahas m 5. sIkkhdharam, and the basic rules of this 6 Amba, the daughter of the king of Kashi religion are as under: The chief purpose of religion is not to land whom Bhishampitama conquered and brought for his brother Vichitarveeray. But Amba did in heaven, but attain oneness with the not like to marry him, because she had fancied Supreme Creator through constant concentration on Him, without which the Salvas her husband. See l?far. Amba led a miserable life without a cycle of life and death does not terminate. The form of the Creator is : "Ik 6kar husband. To avenge herself on Bhisham, she sdtInamu, kdrta purdkhu, nIrbhdu, nIrVErU, was reborn as the daughter of Rana Drupad. dkal muratI, djuni sEbh~, gurprdsadI." i.e., Through the grace of a yaksh she was God is the matchless one, ever indestructible, transformed into a male form, and was named creator of all inhering His creation. 2 Unlike Shikhandi. In the battle of Kurukshetar when Bhisham came forward to encounter Arjun, the gods He fears none, nor does He frighten Shikhandi stood in front of the latter. Taking His foes and is ever blissful. He is immune to birth and death, creates all and is created by him to be his sister-in-law, Bhisham did not none. Through the grace of that Supreme attack him. Meanwhile Arjun riddled Bhisham with arrows. The arrow that Light everything is attainable. To be one with the Creator one needs a ultimately felled him in the battle-field was guide embodied by the ten Gurus whose shot by Shikhandi. fl:i1:r [sIkkhj ~. See fRcr. 2 a disciple of the complete being is vested in Guru Granth Sahib. 3 Guru, a follower of Sikhism. See fi:P:r mm. The votaries of Satguru who expound the "satI s~tokh daya dharam nam dan Isnan dIraya. gurusIkh IE gurusIkkh sadaya."-BG IThat is why dharam or religion has been named path. "gur upde~ parves rId ~tar hE, sabad surdtI "'Ihu jagu sace ki he kothri sace ka VICI vasu."-var asa. soi sIkkh jdg janie."-BGK. '''braham bide so satIgur- kahie. han han katha jEse pdtIbrdta pdrpurkhE nd dekhyo cahE sUl).avE."-mala m 4. puran patibrdta ko patI hi mE dhyan hE, "satIpurakhu jInI janIa satIgur tIS ka nau. Sdr SdrIta samudr catrIk nd cahE kahl1 tIS kr SagI SIkh udhrr nanak hangul). gau."-sukhmaI;li. as ghdnbl1d prIy prIy gungan hE, "dhanu dhanu han gIani satIguru hamara jInI vrri dInkdr or bh:)f cahdt ndhi cdkor mItr ham kau sabh samdnsatI dIkhai."-m 4 var vaq.. mdn bdC kram hImkdr prIy pran hE, "satIgur nIrveru putr satru samane augal). kate kare sudh deha."-ram var 2 m 5. tEse gurusIkkh an dev sev rahIt, pE~
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meaning ofthe Shabad and unravel the hidden other creeds drawing on ignorance. 6 secrets of religion are venerable and (b) To forge collective character as a Gursikh it is essential that: beneficient persons in whose company we are expected to elevalte our character. l Character (1) in the conduct of Sikh Dharam, one is of two types: should be firm in acting upon rules of the (a) Personal. organisation. (b) Communitarian (pathIk) (2) one should render the panth Following an~ the salient precepts for (community) physical, mental and financial elevating personal character: help by taking it as the incarnation of the (I) to remember the Creator by conGuru. centrating on Him} (3) one should preach Gurmat in the world. (2) to regularly recite Gurbani for under(4) one should love every follower ofGuru standing its precepts. 3 Nanak and regard him as integral to the Sikh (3) to perform selfless service with devotion, Dharam whatever form and dress he assumes; renouncing all disltinction of castes and creeds One must always wish for the well-being of all. and taking the whole of humankind as brethren.4 (5) one should maintain the sanctity of (4) to live on honest earning while leading gurdwaras and places of worship as per the a homely life. 5 directions of Satgurus. 7 (5) to follow Gurmat and abjun: untouch- fR'lf dGl%3 i [sIkkh r;:Jyasta], rnl:f funrrH3+ ability, magic, idol worship and intricacies of [sIkkh nasta] See~, ~, tfft!',0"'3"', .,r._'''apr tare kul sagle tare gurrnukh janam savarl)ra."-majh ~,Gd1O!c and ~. ffil:it [sIkkhij n the process of adopting am5.
"maha pavrtr sadhu ka sag. jrsu bhetat lagf prabh rag." -asa m5. 2"dukh bhukh nahr vrapai je sukhdata manr hoI. kIt hi kamr na chrjie ja hIrde saca SOI."-sri m 5. 3"satrgur ki jrs no matr ave so satrgur mahr samana. rhu bal)i jo jiahu jal)e trsu atan rave hannama."-bIla ""matu saca akharu bhuIIjar cauke bhrte na kor."-m 3 varmaru 1. "soi kucil kudratr nahi jane. "-bha m 5. "tatu matu pakhaq,u na jal)a ram rIde manr manra."-suhi chatm 1. "nav-hr dhovhr puj-hr sela. brnu harI rate melo mela."
-ram am 1. "pujr srla tirath banvasa. bharrnatq,olatbhae

udasa."-dllana a m 1. "brn kartar na krrtam mana. adr
m3.
"bal)i bIrlau bicarsi je ko gurmukh hOI."-oakar. "til sajha sahrbu bapll hamara."-majh m 5. "eku prta ekas ke ham barIk."-sor m 5. 5"jati sadavahr jugatr na jal)-hr chaQ.r bah-hr ghar bar." -varasa. "nanak satrgllr bhetiE puri hove jugatr. hasadra kheladra penadra khavadra vrce hOVE mukatr:'-m 5 var gu} 2. "ghalr khar krchu hath-hu deL nanak rah pachal)-hr seI."-m 1 varsar.
ajonr ajE abrnasi tfh parmesur jano. "-patsahi 10 hajare. 7"me badhi sacu dharamsal hE. gursrkha lahda bhalrke. per dhova pakha pherda trsu nrvr nrvr laga par jiu." -sri m 5. "dharamsal hE mansar has gursrkh vahu. ratan padarClfh gursabad kar kirtan khahu."-BG "bahar ki aganr bujhat jal santakE, nau me j::> ag lagE kesekE bujhaie? bahar se bhag ot hjiat kot garh, garh me j::> lut hjE kaho kat jaiE? coran ke trasJar saran gahe narid, mare mahipatr jiu kEsekE bacaiE? maya Q.ar Q.arpat har gurudvarE javE, taha j::> biapE maya kaha thahIraiE?"-='BGK.
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Sikhism. 2 the path of Guru Nanak Dev. ~ [sfgaru] a Sikh of Guru Arjan Dev who "gurusIkkhi da lIkkhDa lakkh na cItragupat remained in attendance of the sixth Guru and lIkh jaDE."-BG "bIn sIkkhi tarbo k<:lha participated in battles to defend the faith. A jagsagar bhara."-GPs. See fl:fcftreH. mendicant had given him a prescription for ft:n:ft ~ 0'3T [sIkkhi da nata] feeling of affinity medication which at Amritsar the Satguru with the Sikh Religion; sense of fraternity directed him to throwaway. The Guru among the Sikhs. revealed to him the true medicine and elevated nahi dadsar pIta pItama parpItama him to the supreme position. 2 adj adorning. suj<:ln kuF:lb sut badhav na bhrata hE, fi::rart1;s" [sIgal] See Skt ~ P JLi? E a jackal. n<:lhi n<:lnsar mata p<:lrmata brIddh mata 2 son of Vasudev and ruler of Pundar state, mamu mami masi m:)sa bIbIdh vIkhyata hE, better known as Paundrak. See ~ and nahi S<:lsurar sas sasura :) saro sari ~. "dut sIgal pathyo h<:lrI kau."-krrsan. nahi butisur :) jacak na data hE, [srgi] adjone with horns. 2 made of horn. asan basan dhan dham kahil me na dekhyo 3 n a trumpet; a horn. "srgi anhat bani."-gau jESO gurusIkkh sadhsagatI ko nata hE. m5. -BGK. fJ:fafl'nrfa" [srgiarI] n the enemy of horned ~ [sIkhya] See ft::rsr". "sIkhya sat nam'u animals, a tiger.-sanama. bhaju nanak."-savEye m 5. fJ:fafP,rfu qfool [sfgiarr dhunIni] a gun fi:far [sfg] Skt ~ n the peak ofa hill; a mound. producing sound like the roar of a tiger. 2 the horn of an animal etc. -sanama. ~ [sfgr<:lph] A ..J & P ..JP: Sktfthn? fi:rclit3" [sIgit] Skt wnfu adj close relatives or vermilion. blood relations. "gae sIgiti pukari dhah." fi::rarer [sIgra], fRoRft [sIgri], fJ::raRt [sIgre] all; -var majh m 1. everything. See FlOIQT. "jIn sIgri yah SrIstI fufl:f [sfgi rIkhI] Skt ~ ~ a rishi who according to the Purans and the Ramayan upai."-c.Jbis. "kap s<:lmudr uthe sIgre."-c.c;fi 1. had grown horns. Once rishi Vibhandhak, on fHdlCStftl.f [sfgaldip], fRdIW'll.f [sfgladip] See fi::i'ill? "manhu sfgaldip ki narI g<:lre me tabor seeing Urvashi, a fairy, discharged his semen ki piknavini."-caqi 1. in water which was drunk by a doe. She gave fmJr3r [sfgra] n a short and stout horn of a birth to rishi Singi, who lived at his father's hermitage, remained a celibate and educated ram etc., that in olden times the fighters used to fill with gun powder in and tie to their belt. himself there. Once, it had not rained and famine spread ~ [~Igaf] P ..J~ n a breach, a clink, a fissure, a hole, an outlet in a channel. every where. Lokpad, the king asked the rishis flfarrQ [sfgar] Skt ~ n paraphernalia for the remedy for mitigating the drought. All held that it would rain if rishi Singi visited enhancing beauty. 2 an ornament. 3 according to prosody, the first sentiment that inspires the state. The king sent harlots to fetch the lust. See '6H. rishi. They charmed the rishi with the wiles fRdl'd<!' [sIgarDa], m'iJ1'T6'<!T [sfgarDa] v to of their looks and brought him to Ang state. adorn, beautify, enhance. "jo dhan kat sIgari The king was pleased when it rained and married his adopted daughter Shanta, who jiu."-majll m 5.
J:
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TIGER
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LEOPARD
PANTHER
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rnt.llmJT
Ram Das in which Diwan Buta Singh and was actually the daughter of Raja Dashrath, to rishi Singi. Bhai Gurumukh Singh were elected President Rishi Singi made: Raja Dashrath perform and Secretary respectively. As a result of their a yag so as to get blessing for the birth of teachings. Singh Sabhas came into existence in many districts and in the year 1888 sons. The queens were fed on rice pudding (Sammat 1946) Khalsa Diwan was organised coming out of th,e holy pit meant for at Lahore. Thereafter on 1Oth November, 1901 consecrated fire and they gave birth to Ram, Bharat, Lachhman and Shatrugan. (Guru Nanak Shahi year 432) leading Singhs assembled at the Bunga (abode) ofRamgarhias ~ [~Igufat] adj blooming. See fui~. in Amritsar and organised a new Khalsa fai!!~3u [i;:Iguftah] p ~ adj blooming. fai!!.ii:30 [~Iguftan] P / ' v to blossom; to Diwan named Chief Khalsa Diwan. This bloom. organisation has rendered great service to the fi:fur [sIgh] Sktm a creature given to violence, Panth and is still doing so to the maximum the lion. "sIgh ruCE sad bhojanu mas."-bdsat possible extent. m 5. Though a lion, a leopard etc. may also fi:furnrfua' [sfghsahIb] adj the mentor of the be called tiger, yet this term is reserved for Singhs. 2 11 Guru Gobind Singh. 3 11 in earlier times this designation was assigned to the creatures of a particular species. For the knowledge of the readers, it is clarified with commanders of the Khalsa, in particular Maharaja Ranj it Singh was designated as illustrations. See ~~. 2 a follower of Guru Singh Sahib. He liked this epithet better than Nanak baptised with the amrit of kh;')qa. the title of Maharaja. 4 In Singh families 3 adj leading, chief. 4 superior; excellent. continuing from earlier times, the elders are 5 brave; valiant. 6 See~. 7 the zodiac sign, even now addressed as Singh Sahib. Leo. See f1::Rr. [sfghka] See ~. rn~ [sighau] 11 characteristic of a Singh (lion); courage, bravery. 2 ethos of Khalsa fl::I'urcn3' [sfghgat] The time when lord ofvegetation Dharam. is in the Zodiac sign of Leo. This period lasts [sfghsabha] 11 a reformist group of for 13 months and according to the Hindu faith, baptised Singhs meant to establish the real auspicious deeds as of marriage etc. are tradition of Sikhism by removing evils which disallowed during this period. had crept into the Sikh religion and society. fi:fuffr YNO [sfghac bhojanJ 11 the food of a lion. 2 the way a lion eats. When it grows old, the First of all in order to preach religion and tiger becomes unable to hunt. He then hides in education, Sri Guru Singh Sabha was established in the Nanakshahi year 404 the bushes along the passage to the forest and when a person or animal gets close to him, the (Bikrami year 1929) at the residence of the tiger at once pounces upon him and eats him Majithias at Amritsar. Sardar Thakur Singh up. "sfghac bhojanu jo nar janE. Ese hi thagdeu Sandhawalia was its president and it was decided that the place for holding the rneeting bakhanE."-asa namdev. 'A person who earns his livelihood the wayan old man-eater does, would be Guru Ka Bagh. Again in the year may be called the chief thug.' 1879AD (Sammat 1936) a Singh Sabha was formed at Lahore at the birth place of Guru [sIghl).i] 11 a lioness. 2 a baptised Sikh
rnU/W
rnUfit
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woman. the Sodhis. He turned a Sikh of Guru fi:li.tr3" [s f ghat] See ffiuIoJ3". Hargobind and was a great fighter. He showed great valour in the battle of Amritsar. Jati fi:fur F!'fl [sfgh tug] See ~'fl. Malik was his son and Daya Ram his ~ [sfghdn~tI] See ~. grandson. See ~ QTH. 2 a jat resident of ~ [sfghdvar] Skt ~ n the grandest door of a palace; the main gate. Kheeva who was a Sikh of Guru Tegh fl:furgfo [sfghdhum], ~ [sfghnad] n a Bahadur. The Guru advised him against going roar of a tiger; its growl. 2 a tiger-like roar of to other people to collect food etc. but to accept anything which was offered by others willingly. a warrior such as may make the foes tremble. ft::i1.trorfeo9 [sfghnadlni] n a gun that produces fi:f1.lfTR(!" [sfghasal).], mtJ.l'l'Fl(') [sfghasan] Skt ~ n the seat of a king, superior to other a roaring sound.-scmama. fl:furyQT [sfghpura] See ~. seats; the royal throne. 2 the seat of Satguru. ~ tft fJ.fm5" [sfghpuria di mrsal], 3 Many hold the view (that it is called ~ [sfghpurie] residents of Singhpur, Singhasanjust because on either side there is one of the twelve misls. The chief ofthis misl an image of a tiger. In the Niti Shastar the seat of a king is described as of eight shapes: was Nawab Kapur Singh Birk, jat Sikh son of Chaudhry Dalip Singh resident of "padmh ~akho gajo hash sfho bhrfgo mngo Faizulapur, a town in Amritsar pargana. This hay!>, town had been founded by Faizula Khan. The a~tJ sfhasananitI nitI~astra vldo vrdu h." 4 sitting like a tiger. Singhs conquered it in Sammat 1790 and called it Singhpura. That is why this misl was fi:fUf"3T [sfghata] Skt~ one who eats a tiger. See~. "batar cite aru sfghata."-bher kabir. known as "sfghpura". Some writers have called this misl as of Faizulapuryan. The ~ [sfgharohal).I] n Durga who rides a tiger. "sfgharohal).I adI vrrte."-akal. chiefs of Ambala district Ghanoli, Bunga, Kaundhala, Manauli etc. were from this misl. ~ [sf ghavalokan] n an analogy according to which one should re-examine fi:furihr [sfghpJr] See ~. and re-consider the subject of one's statement, ~ [sfghbhumr] n In Bengal the district as a lion repeatedly withdraws and reof Chhota Nagpur and the area surrounding examines its kill. 2 In poetry it is a verbal it. 2 The state of Punjab where the Singhs device according to which the same word live; the birthplace ofthose who are baptised. fi::i'uQr:r" [srghmukha] adj with face like that occurs in the beginning of a succeeding line in a different sense from the one used at the of a tiger. 2 one who talks courageously and end of the preceding line, as: proudly. "bakrimukha hOI kar magat, Ie pun mar manfd blkaran brfd sfghmukha hVEjar."-GPs. balad khagfd bali sam mar, fi:furefuo [sfghrahlt] n the conduct of Khalsa mar hakar-hI krodh-hI lobh-hI faith. See ofuo. moh samul-hI det upar, fR'urfo [sfgharr] n a gun that can kill a tiger. par kare nljsevak ke gan -sanama. de dhan ko satlnam udar, ~ [sfghladip] See fi:fm;). daran dut tajf' sun nam fi:fur" [sfgha] a Brahmin who was a priest of
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nama gum nanak kalukumar.-NP. fi:ftr [SIC] Skt~ vr to water, sprinkle, grease, karni sukh, dukh dand harni, lubricate. harnisut sam akhan barni. fHtro [sican] Skt n the process of irrigation; barni bakr maha chabI dharni, soaking with water; sprinkling. "sicanhare dharni budhI ki bE tan tarni. ekE mali."-asa m 5. "amrIt rIdE sfcai." tarni bIghansrdhu jIh sarni, -dllana m 5. "man mahI Sicau han han sarniraj dutI dng adarni. nam."-bIla m 5. "SICIt bhau karehi."-asa darni dokhan das udharni, m 1. 2 Skt ~ to collect, amass. "sIc-hI dharni kamna gunIyan barni. darabu dehI dukh log."-ram m 5. barni kud Idu abharni, fmrro [sIcanl, fI::rtrr'oT [sIcana] See 'Ffltrr?>r. bharni nag bIghan gan arni. "CIrIan se'v SIcan te karvai kar din."-NP. 'got (the poor) sparrows served by "sicans" arni kare anad usarni, sarni pare kales nIvarni.-GPS. (tyrants).' fl::fur3T [SIghara] ~Kt !Qs~lllC:Cfl a vegetable that fi:ffu [SICI] having amassed, having irrigated. is grown in water and bears fruit having thorns "SICI pIal gagansar bharL"-ratanmala bano. like the seed of bhakhra (astercantha , ... draw in the breath and with practice make longifolia). It is boiled before eating. L Trapa it stay at the tenth door.' Cispinosa. Singhara has a dry but cooling fi:fftJ3" [SICItl adj irrigated, watered. See fi::i'Bo. effect. [sIccha], 'f'I::r5Jr" [sIchyal See ~ and fJ:ffUIw [sighIka] See fl:Tfuqr. 'fRc!Jr". "dini bhat bhat ki sIccha."-VN fi:iig [sighu] See "sighu bIlai hoI gaIo." ~ [sIjl).a] v to be wet, be drenched. "bhIjau -bIla m 5. sIjau kabli."-s kabir. SktiJt!oto sweat, perspire. fifu" [SI!j] See flfar. fi::ft:r<!r [sIjl).a] v to drench; sprinkle; irrigate. fi:i1iir [sI!ja] Skt ~~ n a track, passage. "atar fi::ri::rer [sIjda] A D/{ n bowing one's forehead; vas bahut adhlckai bhram bhula mng paying obeisance by touching the ground with sI!jare."-nat a m 4. 'A deer caught in an the brow. "kai palat sur sIjda karaI."-akal. illusion roams on pathways.' 'Many turn their faces from the direction in ~ [sI!Jare] through passages. See ft:l'Eir. which the sun rises and do obeisance (to the ~ [sI!jIa] Skt fu'tn- n a nerve, an artery. west).' 2 voice expressing emotion. "bhalfhi gaganu ~ [sIjal] adj Fffi:I3'. 2 1J-~. clean, pure. sI!jIa am cU!jIa."-sri kabir. See ~rfW>r. "sIjal subh bhekh hi."-saloh A literally, fi::f5ft [sI!jil Skt '~JsJ11;:r, adj horned. "lacch lacch a mirror; anything that is rendered bright like suvaral).sI!ji."-paras. 'cows with gold horns.' a mirror. 3 A Jf n the register of a judge. 2 n a trumpet of the yogis which iis made of 4 an angel who keeps God's diary. horn; a horn fiutle. "sini sac akapat kathla." fJ:i1:r'G [sIjaph] P ..J~ n piping, border, edge. -llajare 10. 3 a sub-caste of Aheris, which at fi:f;:r' [sIjja] See'ffi:rr and Fti=Jr. 2 wet. See~. one time, was largely known for crime. Its ~ [sIjhl).a] v execute a job; to complete a members covered their houses with horns of project; achieve success. "nanak sIjhI Iveha the deer and hence this name. var."-var maru 2 ill 5. "VIl).U man mare kOI fi:f:;ft fuil:r [s I!Ji n khI] See fl:faft fufer. na sIjhai."-var sor m 3. "parsat pEf sIjhat te
mw
n:rur.
Jf!
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suami."-ram m 1. "ek-h:t cot sIjhaIa."-bher ft::s [SIt] Skt n white colour. "rdth turag SIt dSIt."-parCJs. 2 silver. 3 sandalwood. 4 Dg kCJbir. "bura kdr su keha sIjh?"-sCJva ill 3. adj tied, shackled. S Skt fF.I5" adj sharp. "dtI ~ [sIj1aD] n knowledge, recognition, SIt chaqe baD."-ramav. 6 wet, drenched. familiarity. "dvdr sIj1aD nd kdri."-to<;fi m' 5. 7 thin. "dg VdSdtU-S Ij1aDi pI tri cor kdreI."- var asa. ~ [SIj1ata] See ~. "jIni sIj1ata sai." ~ [SItdSpdti] Skt Qftdi~qRi n master of -sCJva m 5. 'those who understood (knew) the cool beams the moon. "SItdSPdti tdPdSPdti mentor.' bdmspdti jdPP sdda."-akal. 'The moon, the ~ [sIj1anu] adj erudite, knowledgeable, tdPdt$UPdti (the sun) and Varun, the master of water always pray. to the Almighty.' aware, knowing. "jdha piHhI tera ko nd 2 icldIQCjQRi. Indar, the master ofthe white horse. sIj1anu."-sukhmCJni. ~ [SIj1apSdnI] will be recognised. See fi:J3'J.:r3t [sItsuti] See fR3l:rtl3t. This is a wrong spelling given by an ignorant scribe, the ~. correct word is fR3l:rtl3t. ~ [SIj1apdn] Skt ~~ n making one know well; making one conscious of a fact. fl:53t' [sIt-tal n whiteness. "sIt-ta bIbhut." "dg gde sIj1apsdnI. "-s fCJrid. "nandk -cCJrrtr 12. 'whiteness in the eyes that looks like the rubbing of ashes.' sdcghdru sdbddI sIj1ap."-gCJu ch;}t ill 1. fi::r3s'ro [sItban] adja sharp arrow. 2 n one who ~ [sIj1aba] adj known. See~. wears sharp arrows, Kamdev. "k ki pdrhi fi:Ic [SIt] Skt fuc, vr to insult, dishonour. sItbanhu te."-krrsan. 'That is alesson taken fi::rG<!r [sItDa] v to throw, cast, fling. fl:i'cr [sInal Skt f'J:::RrFEIr n an ear of millet or from Cupid.' cruelty, violence. jawar. 2 a principle or a meaning of fR3H [sItdm] A something. 3 a conclusion, result. "patsah ! fl:Br [sIta] Skt ~ adj sewn, stitched. "sdbdd surdtI mdn sIta."-BG 2 n short form offi:rcEr. sItta hv jahdr."-GPs. fRo [sIth] Skt ~ vr to utter insulting words, sand particles. 3 Skt fudT sugar. 4 jasmine. S moonlight. 6 silver. make humiliating remarks. me [sInh] See fRo. n a condemnation; an rnaifRa [sItasIt], ~ [sItaset] adj white and black. "sItaset chdtra."-VN. "sOddr aspersion; defamation. See E satire. 2 an SdmdS sItasIt soh."-NP argument. 3 a sentence satirically spoken. See fl:fo<TI. 4 In Gurbilas, fi:fo has been used for JIll fi::r3'reu [sItaddh] P ~)~ adj standing upright. Its verb is 'fl:r3'reo (to stand erect). (excellent) also, as in "kdtha prdgdt kdr f1::ra'i;;o [sItaddn] P l:J.t ~ v to take, acquire. sInha." fj:f'oit [sItthDi], fFfooT [sItthni] n an ~ [sItamd] P may fetch, will bring, will take; its root is ~. uncivilised utterance; an abusive and ironical remark; an abuse interlaced in a song sung fi::Iara' [sItab], fl:r3r8t [sItabi] P '":'" ~ advquickly. hurriedly. "calhu sItab divan bulaIa."-suhi by women at the time of marriage. See fRo. 'ImP [sIqqa] adj steadfast, headstrong. kCJbir. "matur sItab dhai."-ramav. 2 obstinate, obdurate. 3 n persistence. ~ [sItabh] n ~d"-})f19T. the sun. 2 Indar's obstinacy. horse. ~ [sItar]n fi:r (three) 3Ta" (string) a musical ~ [sIDkdDa] See ft::r<r;c;ror.
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instrument with three strings, ofwhich the steel fl:hft [sfdi] a resident of Sind (sfdh). See fi:fe'. string is for medium note while the V,NO brass ~ [sfduk] Skt~nsfduvar(orsfdhuvar) strings are for sharp notes.! Now its name is tree that has shell-shaped flowers; eating of dimly known and has five strings. Some which helps an elephant to get rid of instruments have more strings than even this. intoxication. L Vitex Hegundo. "sfduk ffduk fi::r3'rar [sItara] P ~-,t:.- n a planet, star. 2 luck, madhur tamal."-GPs. fate. 3 a round piece of silver or gold sheet, ~ [sfdur] Skt n vermilion. 2 Skt ~ an which is stitched on garments with the help intoxicated elephant. "katesfdurkheta."-gyan of a wire. [~Iddat] A ..::- ~ n severity. 2 misery, ~ [sItotpaI] n a lotus of white colour. suffering. 3 oppression. ~ [sItodar] Skt adj(flE-~) (one) with fRtr [sIdh] Skt m1:.1, vr to go, order, teach, thin (squeezed) belly. 2 n Kuber (treasurer of perform an auspicious task; forbid; grow famous; grow perfect or purified. 2 Skt m gods). 3 See ~~, fi:f3"t.n;r [sItopal] n fila" (sugar)-~ (lump) a one who has attained SIdhi (miraculous lump of sugar. 2 a ball of frozen sugar. powers) "sIdh hova SIdhI Iai."-sri m 1. "sItopaI sIta s6 gur adI jeu."-NP. 3 Skt 3 ripe, mature. "prabhu ji SIdh ahar hE sun chaIk.4glass,crysta1.5shortformof~. uthe krrpaIa."-GPS. 4 to accomplish a ~ [sItr] short form of~. "bas sugadhta journey. "ek kosro sIdhI karat IaIu tab catur patro aIo."-sor m 5. vr fi:rq means 'to go' or na sItr hE."-BGK. 'Fragrance of sanciaI wood does not percolate into the bamboo'. 'to travel'. See~. 5 a yogi with miraculous fRa'z;r [sIthal], fRf'a1;s' I[SIthII] Skt~ adj(one) powers or a saint with spiritual qualities. "SUI:tIE SIdh pir sun nath."-japu. 6 according who embraces inactivity; lazy, indolent. fi:tfal'S3 i [sIthIlta] n laziness, indolence. See to the Purans, deities of a special type who fl:rfm;>. dwell between the earth and the sun and m;: [sfd] P .k; See mg. As Persian lacks whose number is 88,000. 7 salt from Sindh. fifq [sfdh] See fi;:fq. aspiration, sfdh is written as sfd. fReije' [sfdaura] n sadhuria rag, particularly ~ [sIdhaura] Skt~vermilion."marne sung during the war time. "bajat maru rag te kIa Qarpana jab hathI sIdhaura Iin?"-s sfdaura."-ajEsrgh. See~. 2 See~. kabir. A sati (the woman who immolates fl::rea' [sIdak] A J~ n devotion, faith. "sIdak herself on her dead husband's pyre), while saburi sat na mIJlIo."-maru ajuJia m 5. a~companyingthedeadbodyofherhusband, 2 truth. 3 innocence, candour. leaves her abode taking a coconut, vermilion, fi:rt!oit [sIdki] adj d~lvotee; follower. flowers, betel nuts and rice in a plate. After fi::re'3" [sIdatl See f.F.l'E. "uIti ham 56 sIdat putting a vermilion mark on the forehead of uthai."-GPs. her husband, she offers the remaining material 'We have seen such sitars also as have no steel string as it is proffered before the image of a deity. and have two brass strings, called a pair of arrows. There Thereafter she showers vermilion as blessings is one additional brass string to supplement the tune on the members of the family, puts the head and instead of metal rings, they have threads tied for of her husband in her lap and orders the pyre use. See B'<lCJIT<T. to be Iit.
mE
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Many knowledgeable persons interpret 'sIdhaura' as coconut, butthat is illogical. See ~. '\;riphal sIdhaura puhap pOgI :lcchat ... sati bekh rajemano bndh anagi."-a2 chad 19. See~. fi:rl::re' [sIdhae] adjhave gone "sIdhae sur, sur ke dhama."-VN 'The valiant have gone to the solar region'. 1mTFI"'ORf~ [sfdh sagar doab] n the territory between the rivers Indus and Chenab. fi:ftl'a' [sfdhak] See ~. fAQa1Rfe [sIdhgosatI] ff!;g:JntJ) n a meeting of the SIdhs. 2 a dialogue with the sIdhs; a composition of73 stanzas by Guru Nanak Dev comprising his question and answer session with the sIdhs and the spiritual lesson imparted to them. fR'q e(la R1cl [sIdh caurasih] See ~ fH'q. ' fi::ftlMer [sf dhjara] See 'tRJl'ffq. fif'Qit [sfdhl)i] n the land that carries river Sind to the sea.-sanama. fi:fQa1e'iR [sfdhl)i-is] the supreme ruler of the earth. See ft::l"qa't. fi:ttIO [sIdhan] n the spider that runs on a thread coming out of its mouth. "sut sIdhan ki bhat baQhayo."-cantr 80. fJ:f'ao1 [sfdhni] See ft::l"qa't. 2 adj a resident of Sindh state; a Sindhi. "nahe sfdhni fdr baji samana."-aj 'horses from Sindh yoked to the chariot'. 3 the land that carries Sindh to the sea.-sanama. fRQ6Oi [sfdhnadana] Lacchmi, the goddess of wealth. 2 a cow, come out of the ocean consequent upon its churning by the gods, which fulfils all the wishes (Kamdhenu). See
4 elephants wearing vermilion marks on the foreheads. fi::i'mr ftitr [sfdhar bfdh] sen the sea (Sindhu) and the Vindhya mountains. "sna sfdhar bfdh."-akal. 'created the seas and Vindhy mountains' . fi::fqa'r [sfdhraj n sandhuria rag, that inspires valour. "babajj sfdhre sura."-ramav. See
~.
fiftRft [sfdhri], fA'Qd']oa [sfdhrinar] See ~

and ~ (')ij".
fl:f'aw [sfdhla] See fi:fgw.

ft:ii:R;ft [sfdhlij adj Sindhi; one belonging to
the Sindh state. "sfdhli ture navine."-ramav.
rnQ'il()1 [sf dhavni] n srdhavni (cavalry)

-sanama. 2 the earth that holds the ocean. -sanama. fl:t't:Rft [sfdhvi] adjSindhi; one connected with Sindh. fR'trT [sIdha] adj proven, authenticated, researched. "kacan kaIa kot garh VICI han han sIdha."-asa chat m 4. 2 See m. fAQ'(l(!' [sIdhaul)aj Skt ~ (The root of this word means to go, walk. conquer, teach. train.) v to go, move; depart. "sabh 10k sIdhasi."-var maru 2 m 5. 'fm:.r1ft [sIdhai] See ~'(!T adj departed. 2 training, education. 3 n characteristic or achievement of SIddhi. "jaki seva dasasat sIdhai."-asa m 5. 4 simplicity, naivity. fl:rtr1::ro ISIdhasan] See fAQ,(l(!'. 2 See ftfrrtFIo. fR"qio [sIdhatj Skt fu~T~ n a statement ultimately proved right; a correct conclusion. 2 purpose, intent. fl::rai3t [sIdhiHi] who has reached a conclusion. 2 who knows a conclusion well. fi:rQto [sIdhan] See fAQ,(l(!,. 2 plural of fi:ffu. "sabh nIdhan das asat sIdhan."-sodaru. fi:ra'rt;r' [sIdhaya], ~ [sIdhayo] See fAQilR(!i. 2 adj taught, trained. "hath guru gobfd ke
fA'9l'l()'.
fi::i'mr [sfdhar] See H'ga. 2 Skt fl::Rtqa' n neck.

3 adj Sindhu (intoxica elephants), one who takes it; intoxicant; "sfdhure sfdhara." -ramav. intoxicated elephant (sfdhur).
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besara sIdhayo nanho."-52 Poets. a small besara (hunting bird) perched on Guru Gobind Singh's hand and trained for hunting. 3 departed. fJ:p:pQ [sIdhar] See ~ 2. ~ [sIdharal).], ~ [sIdharan] (the meaning of vr ft:rq is to go, to proceed.) v to depart, set out on a journey. ~ [sIdhaval).] See fi::tt!'(ict l fi:rltr [sIdhI] Skt~ n a miracle, an unusual power. "prabhu k SImranI rIdhI SIdhI nau nldhI."-sukhm.:mi. 2 success, achievement. 3 salvation, rele:ase. 4 wisdom. 5 property, wealth. 6 victory, conquest. 7 indicative of figure eight, as principal SIdhis are taken to be eight. See m1C fj::ffq. ~ [sIdhld] adj one who grants a SIddhI. 2 n God. fRfrft!T [srdhfda] adj (one) who proves. "sIdhtai ko sIdlhfda."-gyan. 2 (one) who grants a SIddhI. ~ [sIdhlpad] adj who bestows sIdhis. "jap nar ! sakal sIdhlpada."-guj jEdev. 2 place of sIddhis. fi:rrit [sIdhi] See fl:rfq. 2 adj straight, without a curve. ft:ftit [sfdhi] adj of the land of Sindh. 2 n a resident of Sindh. 2 the language of Sindh. fi:rrit tTe' [sIdhi cad] father ofBhai Mul Chand.
See~.
fl:fl:ft6r [sIdhira], fRt::fRit [srdhiri] adj straight;

simple. "ulti pa1atI sIdhiri kar."-ratanmala bano. ft:Ig' [SIdhu] See 'f1:fq and ffltr. My [sfdhu] n A jat sub-caste different from Sidhu and Sandhu. 2 Skt ~ The river Attak which rises in Tibet and flows through district Attak and Sindh state merges with 1theArabian Sea near Karachi. Its totaVlength is 1800 miles. 3 Sindhu country, situated along the
river Indus. The Persians called this area Hind, I the Greeks called it Hindos and the English called it India, but this word connotes the whole of the sub-continent. 4 A river of central India which starts in Tank state and merges into the Jamuna. 5 the sea, the ocean. 6 an intoxicant for an elephant. 7 water. 8 short form for '~' (salt) "parat sfdhu galIjaha."-asa m 5. 'Salt gets dissolved as soon as it is put into water.' 9 a Vaishya hermit who was the son of Andhak. Raja Dashrath took him for a wild beast in the dark and killed him with a sound-hitting arrow. He is better known as 'Sarvan'. My ~ [sfdhu sarIta] The river Attak, the river Indus.-sanama. ~ [sfdhusut] See FH'g3(')!1i and ~. fifg-lJ'3" [sfdhusuta] n liquor, that emerged from the ocean. "sfdhusuta ahlphen magai." -GV 10. 2 Rambha, a fairy. "sfdhusutaru ghrItaci trIya In si nahI nacat fdrsabhE." -krrsan. 3 Lachhmi (goddess of wealth). 4 the wish fulfilling cow. fi:fg- ~ [sfdhu hutasan] n fire ofthe ocean. "sfdhu hutasan hE bhav ki gatI."-NP ~ [sfdhuk] See ~. fi:f'g'w [sfdhuja] n liquor, that emerged from the ocean. 2 Lacchmi (goddess of wealth). 3 the wish-fulfilling cow. FHg3(')!1i [sf dhutanay], ~ [sfdhutanEl n the moon, son of the ocean. 2 the horse with raised ears. 3 poison, venom. 4 the moon. 5 a pearl. 6 nectar. 7 a shell. 8 the divine physician, Dhanvantar. ~ tRJ' [sfdhutan dhar] n the arrow which bears poison, which is the son of the ocean. -sanama. 'In olden times, the point of an arrow was tinged with poison which proved fatal for the foe.' 2 Shiv, who carries the moon
lis] has been changed into [h).
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2 proven, authenticated. 3 acquired, settled. "dUI khori Ik jiu sIdh;:ine."-BG fi:l't:r [sIddh] See fim. mrr R'o [sIddh sen] King of Mandi who ascended the throne in 1686 and died in 1729 AD. He was a contemporary of Guru Gobind Singh and fondly kept meeting Banda Bahadur. See H~. fJ:n::Iar [sIddhka] Skt ffI;.g:I'i1<F1:"j,41 a famous book ~[sfdhur]Sktnanelephant.2aninebriated of grammar. "kahu sIddhka cadnka elephant. 3 a cloud. "an sfdhur ke dal pEth sarsuti;:i."-gyan. 2 a principle, Chandarika sudamam jy6 durga damkE."-caQi 1. 4 See and Sarswat. ~. fi:l't:r ~ [sIddh tIlkara] See ~ 2. fl:i'g-or [sfdhura] See f'R'"g-w. ~ [sIddhbati] See ~. rR'gelra [sfdhuran] n elephant's enemy, the fl:l'mf crnT [sIddham kaHil, ~ [sIddhav], lion.-s;mama. ~ ~ ~ [sIddhav qhahe de] a village in rH'gefa gfoo'l [sfdhuran dhunIni]-sanama. Ludhiana district. The sixth Guru had stayed gun-producing sound like that ofa lion's roar; here while going to Nanak Matta. The pIppal enemy of the elephant. tree under which the Guru sat still exists there. my-at [sfdhuri] adj of Sindh state. 2 related This village is about three miles to the northeast of Jagraon railway station. with the ocean. 3 an army of elephants. "pntham sfdhuri sabad kahI."-sanama. rntF'RO [sIddhasan] n the seat of a Sidh. ~ [sfdhuria] See ~. 2 adj coloured 2 according to Yog Shastar many styles of with vermilion. 3 (one) from whose cheeks sitting. 3 a particular posture ofyog. See~. wine drips. "sfdhurie suqi datale."-ramav. fi::l'tlit:ro [sIddhajan] according to Tantarshastar, ft::fy~ mr [sfdhuri nar] n the moon. "lajJt such collyrium as when put into the eyes sfdhuri nara."-gyan. See D1'g3(')G1 and~. makes subterranean things visible. 2 the horse with raised ears. ~ [sIddhat] See ft:rQi3". fi:fyw [sfdhulal, ~ [sfdhulial adjassociated fR'tfret:r [sIddharthl Skt~meaningofwhich with or of the ocean. has been proved. 2 Lord Buddha's name. See ~ [sfdhuvar] See ~. 'ifrr.3 a minister of King Dashrath. ~ [sfdhur] See ~. fi::ffi:r [sIddhI], ft::l'rft [sIddhi] See fi:rfu. fl::rii'e"r [sfdh:Jra] See fl:ft!iIw, ~w and fi:fr;f [sIddhu] a Jat sub-caste; Brar dynasty ~. forms a part of it. Its beginning is traced to a fi::rl:nl [sIdhau], ~ [sIdhaua] Skt ~ n warrior named Sidhu. See ~ ~. one whose part the whole world has proved ft:l'ih:r [sIddhesl n master of Siddhs, Gorakh. to be; the Almighty, the Creator. "sIdMuaIE "lajjIt hoe mran me sIddhan s6 sIddhes." SImrE nahi."-asa pati m 3. 2 "oakar nam h -NP. sIddM." can be replaced with this phrase. ft:m:;r [sIdhyl Skt~adja fruit born offrom
on his forehead. He is so named because he carries poison in his throat. rR'gC'iol [sfdhun;:idna] n Lacchmi, who is born of the ocean; wealth. "sucMd sfdhunadna." -GPS. 'not subordinate to wealth, but independent.' myy~ [sfdhuputr] See mg3Otif. 2 a pearl. 3 the moon. 4 nectar, etc. my itw [sfdhu bela] n a sea-beach. 2 a sea. 3 Sadhbela gurdwara. See ~.
fRt:i7;r [sIdhana] adj trained. See ~~.
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sIdhi.
"sIdhy~ Sdrdb
kus1dl).dh."--gatha.
sadhat sIlahan ko."-akal.
fJ::n:r:;r3" lSI dhyte] first person singular 'is

sadhn~ nd
proved'. "dnIk upav~ sIdhyte."-sahas m 5. ~ [smakna] Skt ~ v to blowout the snot, to snot. fJ:fot" [sfna] 11 an army. "kIChu saku na sfna." -var jet. 2 Skt ftqr;or adj drenched with sweat. 3 wet. ~ [sInakhdt] See 'R7)Tl:f3". "sInakhdt kudrati."-var majh m 1. 'The Creator is known from His creation.' ft::roro [sInan] A Ul:-- 11 the point of a spear or an arrow. 2 a lance, a javelin. fm.r [SIp] Skt 'IJ~ 11 shell; a water creature and its skull; therefrom comes out the pearl. 2 See ffltr. fR1m' [sIpah] P 6~ 11 an army, a fighting force. ~ [sIpdhsa1ar] P .JjJV6~ 11 a chief of the army; a commanding general. ~ [sIpahrr] 11 at the time of afternoon. 3/8 th part of the: day. ~ [sapahIri] adv in afternoon. "aI sIpahIri kar6 ucari."-GPs. fi:rtra' [sIpar] P k 11 a shield; the ultimate limit. 'fJ:n.rer [sIpra] See ft:n.r. ~ [sIpradar] 11 an arrow that pierces through the shield.~sanama. 2 the name of a weapon like the gun etc. fRtRrrfu [sIpran] 11 a sword, which is the foe of a shield.-sanama. 2 See fRtRirr:e'O. fm.rrJ:r [sIpas] P J'~ 11 offering of thanks. 2 an act of admiring. fi:n.fru [sIpah] P 6~ 11 related tOlthe army i.e. armyman. 2 an army, a fighting force. "bhaje s~g 1Eke su sari sIpah~."-VN ~ [sIpahi] P 0'~ one who gets enrolled in the army; a soldier. I "kat-hu sIpahi hVEkE
'The root of the English word Sepoy is the same.
fi::rtrrou [sIparah], fJ:RRrr [sIpara] P 6.J~ a form of FIT l.fTffiJ; th irty parts or chapters of Quran. nd sIdhyte ... anIk
2 one out of the thirty parts of Quran. fl:rftrij-a- [sIpIhar] P A 11 the sky; the firmament. "asman sIpIhar su dIV gardu bahur bakhan. pun car ~abad bakhaniE nam ban ke jan."-sanama. 'words like asman, sIpIhar, dIV and gardO meaning firmament, when suffixed to car denote an arrow.' fi::rfi.rmr tra' [sIpIhar car] an arrow. See fl:1fi.R:Rr. 2 This can be also the name of the moon or a bird. fin.iEt [sIpiti] adoration. praise of God. "jm kau patE pun hE tIn vatI sIpiti."-var ram 1 m 3. 'Those who have accumulated virtuous deeds always utter the praise of God' . ~ [sIpurdan] P '.:J) ~ v to assign, hand over. fuihRf [5 I pEhar] See fI::rtrRRr and fl:1fi.R:Rr. fi:Ttftil mJ1liI' [SIp~ji saray] P L'/ 11 an inn for stay from three or five days; the world. fi:Ttr [SIpp] See fRtr. 2 Skt W;rr. 11 part of the armour that covers the cheeks. "subh~t SIpp s::Jbhri."-kalki. 'The glittering armour looked graceful' . fiNt [sIppi] Skt~ See ft:n.r. before the arrival of English spoons, children were given medicine in shells. The druggists still use shells for spoons. ff.n;{T [~Ipra] See frn.r 2. 2 a stream which, according to Kalika Puran, emerges from Mansarovar. Elsewhere, it is supposed to have emerged out of Vishnu's blood. Now it is a well known river of Malva in central India. It flows for 120 miles in Indore, Devas and Gwalior, before it enters Chambal. It is also known as Avanti. See ~. ~ [sIpradar] See ~. ~ [sIphat] A ~ 11 a quality. 2 a feature.
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3 praise. 4 Suffixed to a noun, it becomes an epithet as in ~T "Fmis (having angelic qualities). fl:r6fu' [srphatr], ft:lG3t [srphti] n praise. See fRG3". "srphatr saram ka kapra magau." -prabha m 1. 2 praiseworthy; the revered God. "vahu vahu srphatr salah hE."-var guj 1 m 3. "srphti sar na jaJ.).ni."-var suhi m 1. 3 by means ofadoration; through praise. "srphti gaQhu paVE darbarr."~varmajh m 1.4 with praises. "srphti bhare tere bMQ.ara."-sodaru. S with praises. ";jtu na srphti kaha!.).r na ;jtu."-japu. ~ [srphar] A cypher, empty. 2 point, void. ~ [srphal] A Ji"'! n meanness. 2 descent, degradation. fi:I'Gw [srphla] A ...1i-:; adjmean, ignoble. "dhar lrbas na hVE srphla."-srkkhi prabhakar. ~ [srphli] A JP--; adj inferior, low. "ruhi srphli grrge bhare."-saloh. fmr' [srpha] Skt fI:lGr n the root of a lotus. 2 the root or stump of a tree. "ah;j bij mamta srpha rag dYES baQ. tas."-NP 3 a whip; a hunter. 4 turmeric. SA ~ the final stage. 6 an edge. 7 a direction. 8 healthfulness. ~ [srfaxana] P ,.;~ ~ n a hospital. ~ [srphat] A .:.-~ plural of'fFre3'. 2A ~~. recommendation. ~ [srphati] j~ adj qualitative, related to quality. Fl'l.iiilFaa [srfarrf?] P J,IlO.:; n handing over; persuading to involve in welfare work; a recommendation. [sfbal] See fi::h-m. ~ [sfbalkhar] See Hcftn.rr. 1mfrl.; [srbal], ~ [srbalu] Skt~ n scum of (stagnant) water. "kara chijE bhai srbal." -oakar. covered with the scum of evi Is and soiled like a scum plant. "bhakhsr srbalu bassr nrrmal jal."-maru m 1. 'the implication
mm?
ofsrbal is dissolution'. fi:Ifir [srbr] See m. tJ:m:rqr [srbrka] See ~. 'fl:JfiRr [srbrr] See ~. fi:r rn- [sr bhr] See fA" and rn-. 2 that too. "akhhr sr bhr keker."-japu. fi:m [srm] See~. 2 also used forFfu.r(silver) "tUg ata srmkE darsai."-krrsan. 'During the winter, high white attics look silvery'. fi:mcor [srmatna] v to shrink. contract. 2 to collect. "jIm cahll or te sImat nir."-GPS. fi:f}fc!T [sfm!.).a], ft:f~ [sfma!.).u] Skt lJ~ n dripping, oozing, flowing. 2 sweat, perspiration. fm.a' [srmat] A ~ n a direction. 2 a symbol, sign. ~ [srmra!.).] Skt~ n memory, recollection. 2 reflection, contemplation. "han pekhan kau srmrat man mera."-gau m 5. 3 recollection of the name and quality ofthe ideal. "jasy srmra!.). nd;jtarah."-s<:Jh<:Js m 5. ft:n..Rrfcy [sImra!.).I ] recollection, remembrance. "jakE srmra!.).r hor an;jda brnsE janam mara!.). bhE dukhi."-sor m 5. ~ [srmra!.).u] See ~ and fm..raQ. 'fi:n..ra<!o [srmr!.).enl Skt ~ the third conjugation; by means of remembrance; from memory. See ~. ~ [srmratbya] SktFf~ adj memorable. worthy of being remembered. "srmratbya ndE gurm;jtra!.).ah."-gatha. fJ::rJreo [sImran] See ~. fi:n.Rror [srmarna] v to memorise, remember. 2 n one fourth part of a rosary with 108 beads; a rosary with 28 beads including the head which the meditators keep in hand; fm.recft. (a diminutive rosary). "huto SImarna hath kapuri."-GPs. The Nihangs change feminine words into masculine ones. See l:fTm:t -e- n. fJ:rlrefo [srmranr] by remembering, by
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recalling. "prabh kE SImranI japu tapu puja."-sukhmani. 2 while meditating. "sImranI te lage jInI apI daIala." -sukhmani. fi::n..RJo1 [sImarni] n See fi:fHo?;T 2. "kabir meri sImarni rasna."-s 1cabir. fm.raQ [sImranu] See fm.r~. "prabh ka SImranu sadh kE s~igI."-sukhmani. f1::n.rfu [sImarI] adv having meditated. "SIman nam puni sabhI Icha."-maru solhe m5. ~ [sImm], ~ eift SdJH [SImm ki begam] See FI1-f2 and FI1-f2 ott SdJH. fi::n..RJ3" [sImrat] Seefl:n..Rffo. 2 ~ This is the fifth stage of SImran. "jlh satIgur SImrat nayan ke tlmar mIt-hI khln."-saveye m 4 ke. ~ [sImratI], fm.I~ [sImrathI] Skt ~ They meditate. "sImratI sat sarbatrarmal).a." -var jet. "brahmadlk sImr;'lthI guna." -savEye mIke. fJ:n.m" [sImal], f'l:f}f,~ [sfmal] See "sfmal rukhu sara Ira atI diragh atI mucu." -var asa. fm.rgT [SImla] a hill station in Ambala Division, situated in the Himalayan range. It is at a distance of 1176 miles from Calcutta, 1112 miles from Bombay, 947 miles from Karachi, 287 miles firom Lahore and 59 miles from Kalka. Its height from the sea level is 7084 feet and that of Jakhu ridge is 8000 feet. The British government captufl~d this place in 1816 and Lt. Ross, the political officer of the hill states, built the first house there in the year 181l9. The first Governor General to visit this place in 1827 was Lord Amherst and the Punjab government slet its foot here in the year 1871. Kalka was connected with Simla by railway in the year 1903. At present it is the summer capital of the Viceroy, Commander-
'J:rrmrm.
in-chiefand the Governor of Punjab. Meetings of political and legal councils are held here. fl:fmf [sfmalu] See fi:lm). fi:!w [sIma] Skt adv everywhere; at all places. 2 See fE'w. ~ [~Imur] P to count. See~. ~ [~Imurdan] P v to count; enumerate. fID.rr [~Imma] A ,.:J; adj slight; a bit. ~ [sImratbyl See~. "sada sada sImratby suami."-dhana chat m 5. fR1l:3' [sImrIt] Skt ~~il adj memorised; remembered. fi:rfl:rfu" [S I mn t I ], fJ::ff>jE [s f mn tI ], fi:rfi:r3t [sImnti] Skt ~ft1 n memory, memorial. 2 scriptures which the rishis wrote by recollecting the sayings of the Veds and the teachings of the elders. Their number is large but thirtyone are the major ones including the eighteen and the twenty eight from the list below: manuslmntI, yagyavalaky, laghu~trI, atn, vnddh atn, VI~nu, laghuharit, vnddh harit, :>~nas, :>~nas s;'lhlta, aglras, yam, apst;'lb, s;'lvart, katyayan, vrIhaspatI, para~ar, vnhatpara~ari, vyas, laghuvyas, ~;'lkh, lIkhlt, dak~, g:>tam, vnddh g:>tam, ~atatap, vasI~ath, pulasty, budh, ka~yap, and narad SImntI. "sastra sfmntI blnas-hIge beda."-gau a m 5. "katI SImrltI puran sastra na avai yah cltt."-japu. fl:ror [SlY] word used for Sita. "raghuvClr bIn SlY na jly, SIy bIn jlyE na ram."-ramav. fi:rt;m [sIyam] P (~ adj third. fJn;rc [sIyar] P /::: n plural of 'fl'to3" (temperament); characteristics. [sIya]Like fuur, this word also connotes Sita. fi::rorru [sIyah] P ~ k-:: adj black. ~ [sIyaha] P :,h-- n paper on which
(;)J/
rnw
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counting is recorded; a book of arithmetic. several diseases. Its effect is cold-dry, and ~ [sIyapatI] n Ram Chandar, husband causes constipation, kills germs in the of Sita. abdomen and acts as digestive and appetiser. fm;po [sIyar] See fRIro. "m sfgh hE m sIyar The jamun vinegar is an antidote against hE."-akal. 'He is neither a lion nor a jackal'. swelling and spleen in belly. ft::Rr [SIr] Skt ~ and F.fu;f n head. "SIr dhan ~ [sIrkar] See FRJClTij". 2 n duty, obligation. tali gali meri aU."-sava m 1. 2 used as adj "lale no sIrIkar hE dhurI khasIm this word connotes supremacy as in "vele SIr phurmai."-maru am 1. 3 government. "jIs pahucI).a, ate Ih sana da SIr hE."-prov. hi ki sIrkar hE tIs hi ka sabhukoI."-sri m 3. 3 This word also means ftFr (create). See fRfa'. 4 subjects. "eh jam ki sIrkar hE ena upau fl::Rn::r [SIras] See mmr. jamQaQu karara."-var guj 1 m 3. ft::Rr ~ [SIr sadka], ft:Rr ~ [SIr saddak] P fl:Rrcft [sIrki] n a cover made of reeds. 2 a J.v ~ n anything given in charity after cottage made by weaving reeds. waving it around the head; sacrifice. fR'dals'ff [snkibas] adj one who lives in a cottage of reeds. He shuns a permanent abode "sIrsadka satguru dIvayo."-GPS. "sIrsaddak satIguru ko bhari."-GV 1 O. and manages by spreading a reed cover wherever he wants to subsist. "rahf marhajke fi:RrRrtit [sIrsahi] See ffiI'R"tit. ~ [sIrhana] Skt ~ n a support for sIrkibas."-GPs. 2 n a low caste, so named on account of its members Iiving under SIrkis. the head; a pillow, cushion. "sIrhana avar ft::Rr ~ [SIr kurbani] See ft:Rr ~. tulai."-sor kabir. ~ [sIrkhfQi] n xa crude sugar. 2 a metre ~ [sIrhfd] See mrf'J't. f1:Rrc:f [:;;irak] A J ) n partnership. alliance. named :;;rikhaQ, which is a transform of palvagam metre, characterised by alliteration union. 2 a belief that someone, other than but no rhymes. It has four lines, each line God, has divine qualities. having 21 matras, with the first pause after the ~ [sIrkaQQh] adj chief, supreme; who sits twelfth, and the second pause after the among others with head held high. subsequent ninth matra, the last two matras ~ [:;;nkat] A .::./') n a participation, being guru. partnership. Example: fi:Rtcltr [sIrkap] the title of Hudi king, lord of the Gakharpatis, who chopped the heads of jutte vir jujhare, dhaga vajjia, bajje nad karare, dala mu:;;ahda, his enemies. See ~. "sIrkap ke de:;;atar lujjhe karaI).-are, saghar surme, ayo."-carrtr 97. 2 a part of Taxila, whose vutthe jan Qarare, ghanIar kEbari. remains are found in Rawalpindi district. See -ramav. ~. This very form occurs in Kalki Avtar: fH'dOl'deI [snkarda] See H'dOld'. "mE IIkh baI).e ag bhujagi, saval sohI).e, ghalla val rajIa jo hE sIrkarda."-jagnama. trE SE hatth utagi, khaQa dhuhIa.... 'fl:raw [snka] P ~ Skt ~ n grape or sugarcane juice heated and made into syrup See~~~8. (b) Second fonn- Each line comprises 22 which is sour; vinegar. It is added to pickle, matras, the first pause occurs after the twelfth sauce etc. and is used by physicians to cure
,.r
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[sHjyIau] created. formed. See ~. "saCI sIrjyIau sasar."-saveye sri mukhvak m 5. ft:rao [sIrath], ft::rafo [SIrathI], fR'acft [sIrthi] SkI ~ n creation, formation. 2 the world. This word is also formed from the root snj. "jeti SIrathI upai vekha."~japu. "ja karta SIrthi kau saje."-japu. fJ::ro ~ [SIr talvaya] adj (one) hanging 21. ~ar [sIrkhutha], fRo1!w [sIrkhLJttha] adj upside down. See fJ::rawo. (one) with dishevelled hair. 2 one whose hair fi:ra3rH [s Irtaj] See ffif31'R. has been plucked., 3 n A sect of Jainism, the fl:rafd" [SIratI] SkI ~ n a headache; pain in members of which pluck their hair. "nal1dk je the head. "jara mara tapu SIratI sapu sabhu SIrkhuthe navanJ: nahi."-var majh m 1. hank vaSI hE, koi lagI na sakE bInu han ~'ij" [sIrkhur] adj from head to foot, from ka laIa."-gau m 4. tip to toe. "Ikna peral) sIrkhur pafe."~asa a ~ [sIrtral)], ~ [sIttran] SkI fRdP2i'c: n a helmet. "phorgai SIrtran ko."-cac;li 1. 2 a m 1. Some had ragged garments from tip to pillow. toe. 2 all; without exception. ffld'3 i [sIrdata] n God, the Almighty who is ~ar [sIrkhutha] See ~. "jogi kapria the supreme Provider. 2 Guru Teg Bahadur SIrkhuthe bInu sabd galI phasi."-prabha who laid down his life for the sake of his m 1. religion. 3 adj who sacrifices, who gives his ffr6l:fift [sIrkhaq.i] See ~. life for his religion and country. fl:raqfH [sIrgOm] n one, whose head has been plucked; a hairless head. 2 shorn. "prIthme ffldQdC: ' [sIrdharl)a] v to put (something) on one's head. 2 to carry out someone's orders. jati khatri ek. tapar sagatI kIyo vIvek.... sIrgOm nam tahI thahIrayo."~gurusobha.' 3 to accepting somebody as one's master. 4 for a woman to accept someone (with ~ [sIrjal)] SkI vr '~' to create, interlink, marital feeling) as her husband. shed away. 2 ~~ n the act of composing, fAd(')Ii<!l [sIrnavl)i] ~~;:rT;:r n menses, so creating. 3 to giv~: up, abandon. called because every time after menstruation, rndH<!tJ1d [sIrjal)har], fAdHc:cl'd' [sHjal)hara], hair-wash is mandatory. "jIu jom sImavl)i fAdiic:cl'S! [sIrjal)haru] adj a creator, master, aVE varo var."-var asa. designer. "han sace sIrjal)hara."-sopurakhu. fmro't [sImi] See 'F.f'Rftrft. "sImi kachu carhavat "karI kan vekh sIrjal)haru."-japu. fl:nrt:Io [s Irjan] See f1::RrH'c:". bhai."-carrtr 129. fJ:rafH [SIrajI] having formed. created. See ~ [sIrparl)e] advon one's head. See fFrd"i1'C:. "tudhu ape sIrajI sabh goL" ~. lIn fact, according to Sikhism "sIrgurn" is one who has ~ [sIrpau], f'1:lotrfu [SIrpaI], ~ [sIrpav] P ~I / - ~j / n garments covering from got defiled after being baptised.
fA'dfi1Oi1(1
matra which is a laghu; the second pause occurs after the last matra which is a guru. The middle of the line is marked by assonance. Example: marat bIdhia SEn, su tega hath 1, ;iIvgal) sam n,lhi cn, It ut dhiivda .... (c) According to this rhythm, there is SIrkhfq.i of23 matras in which pauses occur at the 14 th and the 9 rd matras. See 'lI~:er
~sopurakhu.
fi::rni:fur [s Irjit] See FRI'i'fl3".
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head to foot. 2 a role of honour. "pahIn ~ [sIrphal] Skt 11m::117(1 n that whose fruit srrpau sevak jan meIe."-sor ill 5. "sakat is of the size of a head; a coconut; it has the srrpau resmi pahrrat patI khoi."-bIla ill 5. imprint of an eye, a nose and a mouth on it. "IIhu mam dIS te ab sirpaI."-GPs. "dE ras 2 See l:I'rG?? ko srrpav tIsE."-knsdn. 3 See ~ 2. ~ [sIrbharl the weight ofthe head. 2 See fffin.il;r [srrpirl headache. To know the causes ~. 3 See FAdi'iI'Fd. of this disease, see Rm"fFJw. There are many ~ffi!r [srrbhar lEl)a] v to take responsibility types of headaches and countless are their for somebody else's assignment. 2 to invite upon oneself the burden of vices by talking causes but it is mainly caused by disorder in ill of the other. the stomach or dirt accumulated in the intestine. Its cure lies in the use of medicines f1:rawfd" [srrbhanl on one's head. 2 with one's that set right the digestive system and whole might. "bhE VIC f du phrrE sIrbharI."-var asa. dispense with constipation. Following are the remedies, specially recommended: fRo 1j~ ~T if~ [srr munake bhadra (1) taking cow's warm milk with a lump pucchl)ia] This is a Punjabi proverb implying sugar added to it. to ponder after the time is past. See ~. (2) sniffing of sal-ammoniac and lime; ~ [srrmor], fffdildt:r [srrmorah], f'J:ra}j-or [srrmora], fR'aif'a" [srrmJr], ~ [srrmJIIl separately ground but later put together. Skt~-1i'1fc1 n m;:,lI (coronet) of the head; a (3) eating pudding made from eggs; crown. 2 a chief. "gur srrmor."-basat d ill 1. (4) rubbing soap nut in water and using it "tu thakur sIrmora."-sor ill 5. as snuff; (5) grinding together three masas of fJ:RRr [srrar] See fJ:ra;r. 2 A ); n a secret, mystery. "sis dia par srrar na dia."-VN glycyrrhiza glabra and one masa of mIttha m~ [SIr-ri] adj obdurate, obstinate. telia and sniffing a pinch of it; 2 steadfast; demented; reckless. "Ih bha srr(6) mixing salt and ghee and rubbing it on ri matI bavrana."-NP the forehead; (7) if the headache is caused by heat, fRo ~ [srr rag] n leprosy, a heinous disease. rubbing of white sandal to plaster the forehead 2 obstinacy which is a mental disease. 3 arrogance. 4 any disease that is heinous or with it; if it is with cold, plastering the forehead with saffron or dry ginger is advised. fatal. f1:rot)tJ [srrpecl See rmihr. ~ [sIrlekhl n fate, lot, luck. one's destiny 'fi::mifFr [SIrpos] P J?/ n a lid; a metal plate as per the karma. 2 an add..:ss. 3 a foreword. or cloth used to cover a cauldron. 2 the cover ~ [srrar] madness; it is a type of disquiet of the wick ofa gun in which gun powder is or insanity. For its reasons see~. To cure this disease taking of cold drink stuffed. "gaIn srrpos ughar palita."-GPs. 'If the wick is covered, the gun powder does not prepared by crush ing almonds, syrup of come down and there is no fear of its catching sandal, peregrinate, half-churned curd and fruits such as oranges, and grapes etc. is fire. ' fRmr [srraph] A ...J ~ adv only; just that; useful. Taking the patient for a stroll in unmixed. gardens of flowers, exposing him to breeze
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on the bank of a stream or sea beach is good for him and rubbing oil extracted from pumpkin and lettuce in the head is advantageous. Feeding the patient ghee mixed with brahmi is very helpful. The method for preparing this ghee is as under: Take four seers of ghee and 16 seers of juice of brahmi plant and boil them together in a saucepan. Tah~ an equal quantity of dregs ofbrahmi plant, bac, javaha, dhamaha, kuth, sakhaholi and put one seer of mixed dregs into the said saucepan. When the whole of juice evaporates l,eaving behind ghee alone, it may be filtered into a clean utensil and consumed ranging from one to four tolas daily as per age and health. 2 consuming items, which leave parching effect and indulgc~nce in excessivl~ temper, makes a person p1eevish and obstinate. This is also called srrar in Punjabi. fi:ra;p' [srr-ra], f'l::re;ft [srr-ri] adj who has lost mental balance; demented; reckless; insane. 2 obstinate. obdurate. fmrr [srra] n edge, side. "duha SIrIa ka khasamu apI ."-var guj 2 m 5. 2 on the head. "sabat suratI dastar sIra."-maru solhe m 5. 3 Skt 1tru a stream. 4 a nerve, a blood-vessel. fF.Rrr too is a Sanskrit word. Fml'ij(!i [srraUl:ta] v to cool down, get cold. "gai pavak SIraJ:."-ramav. 2 to pass, to elapse. fi:rnrfu [srraI] Seen~. 2 on the head. "nid pot srrar."-maru m 5. 3 See ~:. FR~I'Fsf [srraIO], ~ [srrna], ~ [srrai] See ~r cooled. 2 already passed. ~ [srrahu] over the head. "kalu na mItE sIrahu."-sri <J m 1. 'FJ:rri:r [srraj] See E90ri:r. "gar srraj ko raj kamavE."-carrtr 282. fmrtft [srraji] adj of F.ftortr "su taji sIl'aji."
3 bright. fi:rar3' [srrat] passing, transient. See FHd'(;i(!'. "janam srrat hE."-jEja m 9. 2 A .hi/" n a highway, a road. 3 As per Muslim belief, a bridge over the hellish fire. It is believed to be thinner than a hair and sharper than the edge of a sword. On both sides, it has barbs which do not let one go right or left. The virtuous pass over it easily and the vicious fall into the infernal fire. The Muslims took the idea of this bridge from the Parsis who believed in a bridge named "CInvat peretu" to exist in the other world. The Jews also believe in the infernal bridge. Sep'~.
-kalki. 2 A
Jot /
cl~an.
~[sIratulmusatkim]Af.r' f.hl,.rz!t
a straight path, a direct road. [sIradh] See mrrr. "jivat pItar na manE' kou h1ue srradh karahi."-gau k<Jbir. fi:ra'ror [sIrana], ~ [sIrani], 'fl::r"a1t [sIrano] past tense of ~<!"; spent, passed. "amal SIrano lekha dena."-suhik<Jbir. "bIrtha audh srrani."-sor m 9. 2 became cool. FRdtlttl i [sIrayca] See Hd'fstl i fi:rara' [sIrar] SeeFRfTCf. "ya khudaI ! kya bhayo sIrar."-NP. f1:Ja'r6t [sIrari] ~I ;!JrslCflI a tree of the family of acacia sirissa which grows at wet places and is also called qhaqhon. In the Vedic scriptures, it is believed to cure diseases like leprossy, piles etc. "sriphal tal sIrari taha."-carItr 256. ~ [sIravan] v to become cool. "jIs ko dekh SIravat nEn."-GPs. 2 to elapse, pass. "bIrtha janam sIravE."-g<JU m 9. fi::rfo [sIn] n creation, universe. "jInI SIrI saji tInI phunI goi."-asa m 1. 2 adv on the head. "SIrI laga jamqaqu."-var jEt. "puria khaqa SIrI kare Ik pErI dhIae."-m 1 var sar. 'If one, holding cities and regions on his head, while standing on one foot, is meditates.' 3 on, upon. 4 having created. See
~
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fiJ;:1. 5 adjchief, supreme. "sabhna upava SUI

upau hE."-var guj 1 m 3.6 Sktfufu n a sword. 7 an arrow. 8 a moth. fl:mrtI [s u IV], 'f1:1fu [s I rr 0), fi::rfu'r" [s I rI a) See~. "satIgur pramal) bIdhm: sIrru." -savye m 4 ke. 'The Creator has created Guru Ramdas matching Satguru Amardev.' "jInI SUIa sabhukor."-sri m 5 val)jara. fi:rfufi:rfu [SUI SUI] per head. 2 to every creature. "sIrI sIrI rIjaku s~bahe thakur." -sOdaru. fRfaOlld [sIrrkar) See ~ 2. fRfd!'J'1;l [sIrrbharu] burden on the head. "as~kh nfdak SUI kar-hI bharu."-japu. fmft [sui) created, made, designed. "lakh caurasih jInI sui."-sri m 3. 2 a bier to carry the dead body (to the crematorium). "januk mrrtak sui par SOhE."-carrtr 139. 3 a small head; the head of a goat etc. or of a corpse. 4 Skt adulation. 5 rejoicing. "sui guru sahIb sabh uparr kari krrpa."-savcye m 4 ke. 6 a plume that adds to grace. "su par k~can sui savari."-krrsan. fi::rab:r [SIriS] Skt~ adjanything on the head; a plume; a coronet. decorative band etc. "suis sis sobhIy~."-gyan. 2 See mfl'ij-. 3 See
B1J:r.
fHJlAif{J8 [suisahIb] See JjlA'f(js. fi:RftRttr [suisap], fRdlA ' G [suisaph) the name of thin muslin woven in Dacca in days gone by. At one stage, such muslin was also made at Samana - a town in the Patiala state. fffifltRr [suidhar] See lfltRr. fRJll'ldld [suinagar] See lIT ocmr. fmftol [suini] See F.ftd'tl'l't. "sabh ko drrstI suini aVE."-caritr 84. fRJld'dl [suirag] Skt ~ the name of this rag (sound pattern) is only lIT but suppletive orar has been redundantly attached to it. It is a complete rag in 'purbi that'. In the ascent,
it comprises five notes while there are seven notes in the descent. gadhar and dhvat are barred in the ascent. The rI~abh (second note) is decursive and pancham (the fifth note) is supplementary. rr~abh and dhEvat are soft sounds. The middle note is sharp and the remaining notes are pure. ascending - sa, ra, mi, pa, na, sa. descending- sa, na, dha, pa, mi, ga, ra, sa. Afternoon is the time to sing it. In Guru Granth Sahib, Sri rag is the first rag. Ragmala starts with it. "raga VIC sui rag hE."-var sri m 3. "ragan me sui rag paras pakhan h'2."-BGK. fi:Rft ~ [sui r~g] See 1J'M'or. ~ [suu] See fl::ro. "suu dharr tali gali meri aU."-sava m 1. ~ [sue] See fJ:raT. "dOVE srre satIguru nIbere."-maru m 1. i.e. 'birth and death.' 2 created, generated. See ~. "brahma bIsan sue tE aganat."-savye m 4 ke. ~ [srresat] See 3J1. FRij FRFa [srresIrr] per head; to every creature. See fRfu fRfu. ~ [srrepau] See~. 2 a gurdwara in the royal palace ofNabha where the robe bestowed by Guru Gobind Singh on Bhai Tiloka and Ramal is preserved. Other articles of the Guru are also there, fC'~ details of which
see~.
[srrevan] See ~.
of~; hair. "kahu srroh patti~."-VN. ft:ra"tit [suohi] In Rajputana, Deora, a branch of Chauhan dynasty ruled a state, the capital of which was Sirohi. It was founded by Rao Sainmal around the year 1425 and is 16 miles to the north west of Pindvara railway station of Malva Rajputana. 2 a type of
'fl:rau [sImh) short form
Il3aba Tilok Singh and Ram Singh. See ~R
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tRw 1ft tk tit \ft
51 0
8 mercury. 9 tranquillity. "ape SIV vartaianu ;:itan."-maru solC)he m 5. 10 the supreme rock on the bank ofEravati (Ravi) stream near the town Chamba (a hilly capital). Shri Chand Creator of the universe "jahI dekha tahI is said to have crossed the stream sitting on ravIrahe SIV sakti ka mel."-sri m 1. it. This event took place on 15 th Assu, Sammat 11 self-realisation. 12 Brahma. See H<TF.f. 1669. It is said that nobody saw Baba Shri 13 numeral eleven, because 11 Shivs are Chand thereafter. accredited. 14 an attribute. 15 the word SIva Pilgrims go to visit this rock. See 1fT tR-. has also been used at one place for the funeral fi:I'51u [sIlah] See 'f'l:rffir. "kat-hu sIpahi hVEke pyre: "tanIk aganI ke SIV bhae."-carItr 91. sadhat sI1ahan ko."-C)kal. See ~ 9. 16 Skt fWl:. vr to sew, to stitch, to fHM'tila [sIlajit] Skt ~ n a shellac of a sow, to irrigate, to serve. stone; a liquid oozing out of a rock due to ~ [sIvan] n an enemy of Shiv; whose sun-heat, which is used in many medicines; a enemy is Shiv, Kamdev. rock exudation. Its effect is parching and dry. fMAOlfd [sIvsakatI], rR~A0l31 [sIvsakti] Shiv, and his Shakti (power) Durga. 2 the Creator According to Ayurved, it is believed to cure diseases like stoP.1ach-worms, swelling, of the universe (kartar) and illusion (maya). consumption, epilepsy, jaundice etc. It cures 3 soul and ignorance. 4 tranquility and craving. "SIV $akatI apI upaIke karta ape maladies like gout, dropsy, asthma etc. hukam vartae."-C)n.du. 5 the effect ofquality. besides energising the muscles. fi::rnra' [S I lat] See ft:mr3'. "cadan samip jese bas::> banaspati, gadh ~ [sIlab] P.....,lY n tlood of water; a river nngadh SIV sakatI ke janIyE."-BGK. . in spate. 2 moisture, dampness, wetness. ~ [sIvsatru] See ~. ~ [SIVSIV] part negation, prohibition, (a fl:rffitre [$Ilipad] See ~. word denoting reprentance and surprise). "SIV ~ [sIlimukh] Sktfm;fujl:r n a black buzzing SIV! karat saga1 kar jor-hI ."-gC)u m 5. bee that has a sting. "sIlimukh SIkkh man s::>rabh an;:id det."-NP. 2 an arrow with a sharp ~~Hfu:r [SIV sakramahes] means eleven Rudars. "mde SIV sakra mahes." -bher kabir. point. "gyan ko kharag dhar jugatI kaman 2 See Hfu:r. kar, nanha dnstiH lin sIlimukh dhanya." -NP. ~ [sIvak] See i'Ror. "kOI na pahuca sIvak hamaro."-cC)rItr 403. "sIvkan ko SIvgUI). ~ [sIlukh] See ~l:f. ft:ri.ttro [sIlocan] who is three eyed; Shiv. See sukh dio."-GJpC)i. m4. ~ [sIvka] See ~. 'f1:r8''g [sI16ch], 'f1:r8''5f{fu [sI16chvnttI] Skt rH~Ol'el [sIvkai] n service, attendance, ~ n the act of garnering grains fallen in servitude. "lahyo parampad kar sIvkai." -GPs. the field. See ~i:' ftIfa', fm? and ~fu. fifl;ft [sIlli] a caste of Khatris. ~ oft y~ [SIV ki puri] n Kashi. 2 a religious assembly, a city ofsalvation. "SIV ki puri baSE ~ [SIV] Skt ~ n comfort. 2 salvation. budhIsaru."-bher kabir. 3 the tenth opening 3 Mahadev, husband of Parvati. "SIV SIV karte jo nar dhIave."-g5c;i namdev. 4 water. (ultimate stage of realization), according to the Yog belief. 4 a clean heart; pure 5 rock salt. 6 gum of a pine tree. 7 sand.
fl:rw lIT tfe" tft tft [sI1a $ri c;:id ji di] There is a
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pret hli pathamn ke pet pharE PClt pClt, ~ c} [SIV kE baDI] with an arrow of khet me khClVis khurasanIn ko khaI dhaI Shiv. See~. hag d5t tClre pClrE nad hot khClt khClt, ~ [sIvk5thi] n poison, which exists in kClhE $Ivdyal maharaj raDjit sIgh the throat of Shiv.-scmama.. kaIIka ClsisE det lijE vIjE jhClt jhClt, ~<! [SIvguD] n qualities acquired as gift gakIni J sakIni pIsacni Clghani ghani from God; nobJ,::~ qualities. See ft:~. 101m piE jogIni gare me hot gClt gClt. ~ [sIvghClr] n a religious congregration. ~H [$Ivdrum] Shiv's favourite tree, wood2 spiritual preceptor. 3 enlightenment. apple. 4 the penultimate stage of meditation. ~ [$Ivdhatu] quick silver, mercury. ~ [sIvghCln] in the abode of Shiv. ff.t'iji'ldld [$IVnClgClr], ff.t~(,)dlal [$Ivmgri] Kashi. 2 a stage ofliberation. "$IV mgri mahI aSClD "sIvghClrI nid nCl hoi."-guj Cl m 3. ~ [SIvjotI] n the Creator of the universe, bEsClD."-asa m 1. who glitters in the form of kII1owledge. ff.l~(,)lJl(,) [;;ivnClYCln] number denoting 3, "SIvjOtI k5nhu budhI pai."-prClbha ill 1. because Shiv is said to have three eyes. 2 enlightenment. "sClkCltI gCli bhrClill kCltIa fH'ij()ii!! [$Ivnabh], fF.R7)l"f~ [$IvnabhI] sIvjotI jClgaIa."-var sar m 4. according to the Janamsakhi, the king of fR'ijlJI'l'S [sIvdClyal], ~ [sIvdIal] See Senhal (s5g1a) island, who became a disciple of Guru Nanak Dev. 2 according to the fMJl'l'S. 2 See QTQT JTHt. ~ [sIvduti] n Durga; Bhawani; one who Purans, a Shivling of a special type and a made Shiv a messenger to go to the demon Saligram. Shumbh. "sIvhI dut kClr utE pClthava, sIvduti ~ [pvnetr] See fR~(')lJl('). tate bhClYO nama. "-c5(li 2. For a detailed study ~fu [$IVpun], ~"d't [;;Ivpuri] Shiv's realm; Kailash (mountain) "sIvpuri ka of this legend, n~fer to Kalika Puran Chapter hOIga kala."-gClu Cl m 5. 2 Kashi. "sagCll 6 and Devi Bhagvat Sakandh 5 Chapter 28. janClm sIvpuri gClvaI a."-gClu kClbir. 3 a stage f~ [sIvdev] Shiv and other gods. of salvation. "so Cludhuti sIvpun CClr." "kClrClDPCllah kClrhI sIvdev."-g3(l m 5. 2 god -var ram 1 m 1. 4 according to Yog belief, of benediction. the tenth opening (ultimate stage of ff.!'ijGI'l'S [~nvdyal] an excellent poet, who added glory Maharaja Ranjit Singh's royal realisation). ~ [sIvbaD] adj an unerring arrow; the court. A sample of his poetry is as under: celi cClkr hClrI ki sClheli ;;ClktI VIdhI hli ki arrow that does not miss its target. According to a Puranic legend an arrow shot from Pinak tClrCln trI;;ul ki si ClrI kCltrClt hE, bow of Shiv never fails its target. "parbrClhClm jai YClm ki si kE khIlai mClhamir ki si ;;e;; ki sIkhai VI$ yahi te dhClrClt hE, prClbhu bhae dClIala SIV kE baDI SIr katIo." -to(li m 5. In this reference "pvbaD" denotes kClhE $Ivdyal $ri xalsa ji teri teg 'Guru Updesh'. 2 In Purans, "$IvbaD" is the biju ke prClka$ si Clkas pClsrClt hE, name of Vishnu, because Shiv had used tum lakh6 dahe vClh dahne rahClt bah Vishnu as an arrow to kill a demon named tum kClro var VClh par utrClt lw. Tripura. gIlja ke mas mukh gidh IE ugane jat
conscIence.
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~
[sIvbar] n Shiv's child i.e.Ganesh. 2 Kartikay. 3 Machhendarnath. "na VIlokIO

sIvbar."~paras.
[sIVaI] See ~ 10.
'fi:Iw FI'CIT3" ~ [sIva sakdtI s;')bad] n Tantar;

the occult science of charms and incantations. This scripture is a collection of discussions between Durga and Shiv. "sIva sakdtI s;')bad;'), man ehoQI ehoQI sagal bhed;')."-g3q namdev. ~ [~Ivaji] a luminary of the Maratha (Maharashtra's) clan, son ofJijabai and Shahji Bhonsle. He was born in Shivner fort (near Pune) in 1627 AD. His father was a fervent devotee of Shiva (Durga). Therefore, he named his son Shivaji. Shivaji was taught Hindu religion by his mother and a Brahmin named Ataleek Jado Ji. His mentor was Mahatma Samrath Ramdas, who inspired him to unify the Maratha community and protect their religion. Shivaji raised his power so much, that he was considered a king ofthe Maratha nation. He realized khIraj (tribute) from Bijapur and Golconda. Once, he recognized the suzerainity ofAurangzeb, but when he visited Delhi's royal court, he was maltreated. He felt upset but the emperor imprisoned him. However on the pretext of distributing food to the Brahmins ofMathura, he placed himself in a big basket of sweets and escaped. Thus he become a foe of the Mughal empire, and he always defied it. By wearing a royal crown, Shivaji arranged a big ceremonious assemblage in "Raigarh" in 1674 AD. This great warrior left for his heavenly abode on 5th April, 1680 after a brief illness. The sword ofShivaji was called Bhawani and he always kept it with him. This Maharaja was a patriot and religious devotee. It was his standing order that even during war nobody should harm the enemy's religious places, scriptures and women.
[sIvayya] adjwho renders service, who worships. "suraj sIvayya tahI bl ki baQai det."-akal. ~ [sIvar] See ~ and ~. ~ [sIvran] See fHHOcr. "sIvarIhu sIrjanharo."-sohIla. "kIU sImri SIVarIa nahi jaI."-dhana m 1. ~ [sIvrat], fAd,f3 [sIvratI], fAd'f~ [sIvratn] According to the Purans, it is the auspicious night of Shiv's dear Durga; 14 th day of dark half of the lunar month Phagun. Those who revere Shiv as the chief god celebrate this day as a festival. "mela SUD SIvrat da baba aeal vatale ai."-BG See})ftR?
~.
[sIvram] son of Ram Narayan Vedi, father ofBaba Kalu, husband of Mata Banarsi and grandfather ofGuru Nanak Dev. It is told that this saintly person was born in Sammat 1475 (Bikrami). ~ [sIvan] recalling to mind, remembering. "soi purakhu SIvan saea."-savye m 3 ke. ~ar [sIVlfg] n a symbol of Shiv, shaped like a penis. Shaivs (devotees of Shiv) worship it as the embodiment of Shiv. See ~ ff:R;;r and mar. ~ [sIvlok] n Kailash. 2 a religious assembly. FRii(ji'l [sIv-vahan] Shiv's carrier, the bull. 'fi:Iw [sIva] Skt f'I:w n wife of Shiv, Durga; Parvati. "dhar dhIan man SIva ko taki puri kdas." -cJqi 1. 2 Shakti (power) of the supreme. See~. "deh SIva var mohI abE." -caqi 1. 3 green grass. 4 she-jackal. "SIva aSIva pukarat bhai."-GPS. 5 turmeric. 6 salvation. 7 myrobalan fruit. 8 adj comfort giving. 9 Pkt n a funeral pyre. 10 A j J'; adv without.
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Bhushan was at unique poet to sing of valour. Even a coward's hand was automatically raised towards his moustache after listening to his poetry. He added glory to Shivaj i's royal court. In his poetic works he used' Shivraj' epithet for Shivaji, such as: Idr jIm jabh pdr bardV su abh pdr raVd!! sddabh pelr rdghukulraj hE, p:m vanvah PdJr $abhu rdtInah pdr jy6sdhsrdvahu pdr ram dVIjraj hE, dava drum da<;l pdr cita mng jhO<;l pdr bhu$d!! VItO<;lI pdr jEse mngraj hE, tej tdm as pdr kanh jIm kas pdr ty6 mdleeehva$ pdr $er $IVraj hE. Shivaji's son Sambha Ji was a drunkard and weakling. Then~fore, he fail~d to expand his father's empire. Similarly Sambha Ji's son Sahoo Ji was devoid of the qualities of his grandfather. Now the state of Kohlapur is reminiscent of Shivaji's dynasty. ~tif [$IVapny] he-goat, which is very dear to the goddess. See miRJT 1. 2 Shiv, Mahadev. ~ [sIvar], ~ [sIval] See ~:. fH'i!IMliI [sIvaldy], fi:ww [sIvala] n Shiv's abode. Temple of Shiv. ~ [SIVI] by Shiv (Kartar) "SIVI SdkdtI mItaia."-gdu ill 3. 'erased the illusion.' 2 Skt rnfc1.! son of Ushinar, king of Gandhar. In the Mahabharat, there is a mention of his mercy and charity that Indar and Agni disguised as a hawk and a pigeon approached Shivi. The pigeon hid himself in the king's lap. The hawk asked him to return his prey, because he was dying of hunger. The king considered it a sin to return some one, who had come to seek shelter and asked the hawk to accept other flesh. The hawk said. "You may give your own flesh equal to the weight of the pigeon."
ItmW (Shivi) is also correct.
The king placed the pigeon on the weighing scale and put his own flesh on the other side. But the pigeon proved to be heavy. Ultimately, the Raja jumped upon the weighting scale. Then lndar and Agni disappeared from there happily.2 There is another mythological tale that Vishnu, disguised as a hungry Brahmin, came to the king. The king tried to serve him food. But the Brahmin told that he would eat only the meat of his son. The king did as desired. When the meat was ready, the Brahmin said, "You take it before me." When the king began to eat, Vishnu appeared there. He blessed the king and made his son Vrihadgarabh alive agam. fI:rfuorr [$IVIka] Skt n a comfortable vehicle, the palanquin. "sIvIka <;lole tdjkdr nana." -NP fl;rfuQ [$Ivrr] Skt n a dwelling; an abode; a halting place. "kltlk dIVdS kino SIVIr." -NP 2 a camp; a cantonment. ~ [sIvi] See f'Frfu. 2 Shiv's power, pertaining to Shiv; Durga. "sIvi vasvi."-e;}Qi 2. ~ [sIvum] See ft:ron.r. ~ [SIvE] may use. "tdrUl).I bhdtar urjhi pirhI SIVE."-aSa chat ill 5. 2 to Shiv. MtiJr [sIvEya] See 'f1:WGr". fR;ft [SIri], ~ [sIrhi] n a ladder-shaped bier, used for carrying the dead. "tdha SIri par say Ik dekha."-NP Fit lsi] past tense of~; was. "astami thitI gobfd jdnma si."-bha ill 5. 2 indicative of future tense. "na janakla karsi piu."-suhi kdbir. 3 adj similar to, like. "teg bahadur si knya kari na kIn hl1 an."-VN "laka sa kot samOd si khai."-asa kdbir. 4 n short form for fJ:l'tr. "a!!ga!! SIgh aru aeal si."-krIsdn. "tak jhujh SIgh ko kharag si."-krrsdn. 5 part word
2See~.
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denoting pain. "sis dia par si na ucri."-VN. 6 n short for FiEr. "sia IE sies ae."-ramav. 7 the furrow of a plough. See 'R3' ro. 81n Ramavtar, the writer has written ro in place of 1J'T "si asurardan ke karka jIn ek-hI ban bIkhE tan cakhya."-617. 9 Dg fear, dread. 10 P (f thirty. 11 P J a bank, shore. "bhar pare nahI si pag dhare."-carItr 1. 'did not step out of the battlefield in spite ofthe pressure of war. ' 12 Skt m vr to sleep, take rest, halt. ~ [siu] n a limit; an extent. 2 Shiv. "Ihu man sakti kI Ihu man siu."-gau bavan kabir. 3 the supreme God. "acaraju bhaIa jiv te siu." -gau thIti kabir. [sial adj stitched, sewn. 2 a past tense indicator; was. "jab kachu na sia tab kIya karta."-suhi m 5. ~ [siake] See k ~. FfP,r [sial n Sita, daughter of Janak. "name ke suami sia bahari."-sor namdev. ~ [siau] See~. "khftha Ihu manu siau apna."-ram kabir. Fft>,m [siah] A A an obedient follower. Those Muslims, who are followers ofAli, son-in-law of Hazrat Muhammad, are called Shia. They assume that Ali is the real caliph, and the former califs are not the successors of Hazrat Muhammad. Sunni Muslims call the Shia clan, Rafzi, which means a deserter and the followers, deserters of truth. Shia Muslims prepare Tazias (model ofthe tomb) in memory of the revered Hussain during the Muharram and observe mourning. See ~ ~ ~. ~ [siara] adj cold. ~ [siarana] v to become cold. 2 adj cooled/cool down. FftIw [siala] adj cold. "agg tatti jal siala." -BG rft>w [sial Sita, daughter of Janak. "sia jit ano, hano sarab dano."-ramav. 2 See~.
Fftrra' [siar] n FiEr-JTa" a furrow drawn by the

tip of a plough. "kahu kahu ka4hyo siara, jItO bij dIy sabh vIstara."-NP 2 See f'F!nfto. ~ [sial], Fft>'>r"w [siala] n cold season, winter, the season during the months of Maghar and Poh. "siale sohadia pIT gaii bahria."-asa farid. 'fflE1:r [sies] n Ram Chandar, husband of Sita. See ro 6. FftR' [sis] Skt F.fl1:f n head. 2 short form of11fTFfu:r. "dE dIj sis calyo utko."-krIsan. 3 Skt "#rn lead, a base metal. FftR' ~ [sis akasI] head raised towards the sky i.e. holding (one's) head high, not bowing down towards the earth on account of a discomfiture of misdeeds. "jau gurdeu ta sisu akasI."-bhEr namdev. Ffb:raTt:r [sisgaj] a sacred place relating to the ninth Sikh Guru, situated in Chandni Chowk, Delhi, where the supreme master laid down his life on Magh Sudi (light half of lunar month) 5th Sammat 1732 for the protection of the distressed Indians. This gurdwara was built by Sardar Baghel Singh in Sammat 1847. Afterwards, the Muslims constructed a mosque in its vicinity. At last Raja Saroop Singh of lind state acquired the land from the government at the end of the 1914 revolt and raised the gurdwara and donated an estate to it. See f'c;ft. 2 See ri~ ~ i 3. 3 See 'h:JTw i 5. 'I:ftI:t3To [sistan] P c.l1:::- Skt ~'/.:fR a country situated to the east of Persia and on the western border of Baluchistan. ro-'f13i" See 'FIQ
2.
'Jfb:re' [sisad] adjwho offers his head. 2 P y(f

three hundred. mHQd<! [sisdharaD], R1HQdfC'l [sisdharanI] n Shiv, whose hand was stuck with the skull of Brahma. "gotam narI umapatI suami,
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sisdhdrdnI sdhdS bhdg gami."-jEt ravidas. The recast text goes like this. "~isdharanI umapatI suami, gotam nari gami sahas bhag." The Puranic legend is: Having seen Brahma ridden with sexual urge, Shiv cut off his head with his own nail, which got stuck up with his hand See~. For committing adultery with rishi Gautam's wife, Ahlya, Indar got a thousand vulvas (planted) on his body. See nmfurr. ~ [sisphul] n an ornament shaped like a flower which is worn by women on thp,ir heads. [sisam] See fl:\'Fn.rr. ~ [sismahdl] a palace, decorated with mirrors. "man-hu sismahall ke bie Sl) muraU ek anek ki jhai"-c5<;ii J. 2 that place in Kiratpur where the marriage ofGuflI Har Rai was performed. Then there existed a glasshouse. See ~ff and ~. mw [sisal n lead. 2 P ~ glass. 3 a looking glass; a mirror. 4 a bottle. "sise sarab kI phul gulab."-carItr 220. FftfR" [SiSI] of the head. "SiSI nIvaIe kIa thie?"-var asa. 2 in the head. 3 on the head. 4 on account of the head; from the head. JfbJ [sisu] See FftR". "sisu vaghe kdH besdDu dije."-va<;i m J. JfbJ~ [sisu-akasI] See~. Fflu [sih], Fffu [sIh] n a lion, tiger. "siha baja earga kuhia."-var majh m J. 2 part a word that expresses pain. "sih na mukh te nEk ueari."-carItr 95. ~ [sIh-aD] n the smell of a lion. When animals smell a lion, they do not come nearby. "Mde te ave sTh-aD."-PPP' 'Enemies get the smell of a lion from their opponents.' ~ [sihd!)] n lioness, tigress. ~ WQ tft [sihaD sar di] n sword, dagger, scimitar; a lioness/ tigress ofsteel. "devi dasat
mm-r
ndeai sihan sar di."-c5<;ii 3. ~ [siharphi] See ~. Ffu:J+ [sihil] n a devoted Sikh of Nanak Dev, whose brother was Gajjan. 2 a resident of Khadoor, who belonged to Uppal khatri subcaste and became a devotee of Guru Angad Dev. He also served Guru Amar Das. See l-fif J::fCRl't. 3 a masand/messenger of Dheermal Sodhi, who tried to kill Guru Tegh Bahadur at Bakala with his gun. Makhan Shah awarded him a heavy punishment. "siha nam tIsi ko dhe, guru s6 droh karat nIt rahe."-GPS. 4 adj like a lion. looking like a tiger/lion, e.g. FfI<JT '.tor. Fflg [sihu] lion. See Fffu. "sakta sihu mare pE vage." -asa m 1. [sik] See Fftcf 1. FftoRr [sikar] Skt F.ftmr n drops of water. "sram sikar anan pe jIh ke."-NP. 2 dew. 3 wind, air. 4 tiny drops of rain, drizzle. ~ [sika] P .-t: the seal of a state embedded on coin. "lakhImi ketak gani na jaiE ganI nd sakdU sika."-guj a m 5. 'Leave aside counting the wealth of your treasury, it is impossible even to assess how many types of coins are there.' See fltorr. Fftlf [sikh] Pen an iron rod. "jaDu halvai sikh nal bfnh bdre utare."-ca<;ii 3. 2 a straw; a matchstick. 3 Skt ftrsr" a sermon, teaching, precept. "saee gur ki saci sikh."-gau m 1. Ff\l:Ior [sikhak] adj~ who teaches. "sabh ke sikhak ravar ah6."-GPS. 'FittrtJr [sikhea] P %n a nail. 2 a straight sword. "dhop sikhee eakr karare."-GPs. See~. ~ [sikhDa], "fih::rcr;T [sikhna] v to light the wick of an earthen lamp with a stick. 2 to instigate. 3 to learn, acquire knowledge. Fftlf l..fT [sikh pal, Fftcf ~ [sikh paul, Fftcf l.P1? [sikh pal] (for a horse) to stand erect on its hind legs by raising both the front legs.
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mfi:ffT [sikhIa], Ffh:!Jrr [sikhya] See fl:ri;xT. Jffor [sg] See ft::faT. "bhEsar mathe slg go."-toeJi
namdev. [sigria] adjadorned, embellished. "tau mE sai" sigria."-sar m 5. FftaJr [sigal he was there. 2 A ~ the act of melting. 3 in grammar a sign denoting the verb form of a word. 'FftcJRr [sigar] See ~. "sigar mIthras bhog bhojan."-gau chat m 1. ~ [sigarl).a] See fHdl'd<!'. 'ffture' [sighar], ~ [sigharu], 'Ffuy' [sighr] SkI F.inq adv at once, soon, forthwith. "sigharu karaju lehu savan."-gau m 5. 211 wind, air. ~ [sighrata] SkI F.ftuJ3T 11 promptness, swiftness. 'fI9ar [si!)] 11 horn. "bInu sImran jEse si!) chatara."-gau a m 5. 'one who breaks other's head and suffers as do a ram's horns'. 'R1;:ro [sican], FffB7iT [sicana] SkI i:ltJ?l 11 the act of sprinkling. 2 watering. 3 SkI FTBlif7) collecting, accumulating, storage. ~'jEse madhu makhi sic sic kE Ikatr karE."-BGK FfttIw [sicana] P SkI RtJ1?) bird of prey, bigger than a falcon and smaller than a hawk, which has a red head. "sicane JIU pakhia." -sri a m 1. See ~ l.feft. 'Fitis' [sichatl, Fftf's3' [sichIt] See f1::1fu3'. "sichat hE kahar JIS lage."-GPs. 'skilled water carriers.' 'fiP3o'r [sijhna] See ~. "khot na sijhsI kaT." -sri m 1. "adhu agIani kade na sijhE."-gau m3. 'fftcf [siQ] Pkl 11 the amount of a bet. 2 a reward of bet/stake. 3 a pledge, vow. "bad-hi siQ It ut ko dhai."-GPS. 'fire' [s1dh] SkI fffiJ'o 11 snot. "mukh me thuk sidh bahu nasa."-NP Fffift [siQhi] 11 a ladder, staircase. "loth pE loth gai par yo su mano surlok ki siQhi banai."
~
..:Jf
-cadi 1.2 a ladder like funeral bier to carry a dead body. m-~. lfur [sit] Skl'Ffl3' adj stitched, threaded. "sagI carankamal man sit."-nat m 5 partal. 2 SkI F.ft3' 11 water. 3 snow. 4 a shrub for making wood combs. 5 a margosa tree. 6 camphor. 7 winter. 8 frost. "bIapat usan na sit."-maru m 5. 9 adj cold. "sit mad sugadh calIo sarab than saman."-maru am 5. 10 lazy, lethargic. 11 impotent. ~ [sitkar] 11 the moon with its cool rays. 2 adj which cools. "sitkar jEse sitkar so VI$aganI te."-NP. 'having moon-like coolness to ward off sensuality.' lfur ifO [sitjvar] fever with shivering. See '3Qf (c) Ffl3l;{~ [sitprasad] adjstale. 2 nleft-over food by a guru (preceptor) or a devta (god). "tere sata da te tusaQi rasna da sitprasad asa nu prapat hOIa hE."-bhagtavli. Fft3JJ [sitamu] Sk/~was sewn; stitched; was threaded. "sah carl).i mQa hiara sitamu."-var guj 2 m 5. 'fIl3"a' [sitar] See rfl"3c;). "pavak bhai sitar." -rudr. lfur ''3' [sit rut] SkI ~ n winter; season during the months of Maghar and Poh. "nahI sItla sit rute:r:t."-sahas m 5. autumn. FfE'g [sital] adj cool. "sital han han namu." -asa m 5. 2 11 the moon. 3 sandal, camphor. 4 a pearl. 5 Rfu3' ~ irrrigated water (short for tffi' Ftftr3') "maru te sitalu kare. "-maru m 3. 'The barren land was turned into irrigated land.' lft3'l? c!~ [sital kUQ] See d'tifdlfd. ~ [sitalta] cold; weather; winter; frost. lft3'l? ~ [sital patIk-ka], lft3'l? l.fTit [sital patil a kind of soft grass grown in Bengal and Assam and the mat made of it, which is very smooth and tender. "sital patIk-ka bIchvai."
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-krrsan. Some ignorant scribe has written bIchtai instead of bIchvai. 'Fit3'w [sitla] adj cool, unperturbed. "sitla sukh satI muratI f';ImarI sImarI nIt dhIaI." -kan ill 5. 2 Skt 11f1rn;rr n According to the Hindu belief, it is the goddess of smallpox. She is of golden hue, rides on a donkey, has a broom in her hand, a winnowing basket on her forehead and wears a red dress. When children suffer from smallpox, Sitla is worshipped to protect them from its evil effect. The donkey is served with grain and the patient is call1ed Mata Rani da khota. (donkey of mother goddess). Sitla is also called Masani Devi. A special day for her worship is 8th day of the dark half of Chet month. 3 Masurika, P J.J ~ E smallpox. cecak. It is mainly caused by germs of a particular type. They spread in the body and cause high fever and pimples to flare up. During the three-four days offever, pimples appear. Then they fill with water, which turns into pus. On the tenth or eleventh day the pimples wither and on the twentieth, their crusts also vanish away. It is contagious disease. The best cure of it is vaccination, cailled k(loda) in colloquial term. Children and the residents of hot countries get afflicted with small-pox. Generally a person suffers only once in his! her life, but sometimes it may recur, then its impact is less severe and has shorter duration than the first one. Small-pox causes many types of troubles such as uneasiness, burning, stiffness in the limbs and head ache etc. It is better to give a dose of $irXI$at (a unani medicine) rubbed in the squash of pIttpapra. The incense of the birch tree leaves and Jhau provides comfort. The rubbing of ointment made of camphor
provides solace from the burning itch of the boils. Five grains ofunab, flowers of blue lotus, pItpapra and dry mako five masas each and five masas of bihdana should be soaked in about half a litre of water. Then this material be crushed and with two tolas squash prepared from the blue lotus may be given to the patient to drink; it gives him relief from fever and boil burning. The patient's food should contain a dish of rice mixed with moong pulse, nominally salted or milk rice pudding with a little sugar. It is better to keep the room and the clothes of the patient clean. "sitla te rakhIa bIhari." -gau ill 5. "sitla thakIrhai, bIghan gae harInai."-sor ill 5. 4 sand. 5 red cow. H13wrerw [sitlan], Ff13M'Fdlrw [sitlagIa] cooled down, attained coolness. "mera man andIn sitlagIo."-sar ill 5. ~ W(J(') [sitla bahan] n a donkey, the carriage of Sitla. ~ [sitalu] See "Ffl3c? "sitalu thiw: nanka! japadro harInamu."-var jEt. 'fft3;p" [sitra] adj sewn, stitched. "sitra man majhahI."-var jEt. Fft3r [sita] adj Rp sewn, past tense of ~ "sita hE cola."-suhi ill J. 2 Skt men n Lachhmi. 3 Parvati. 4 wine. 5 the current of river Ganga. 6 a ploughpin. 7 a furrow drawn by a plough. S daughter ofJanak and wife of Ram Chandar, and mother of Luv and Kush. She has been regarded absolutely chaste. "sita ll:gIa dahsIro."-sava ill J. It is mentioned in Valmik Ramayan Part I Chapter 66 that Raja Sirdhvaj was busy ploughing to clear the earth for the performance of a religious sacrifice and oblation. Then a virgin girl emerged from the earth. On account of her birth from the furrow,
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she was named Sita. Janak and his wife Sunayna reared her like a daughter. Therefore she was called Janakja. On account of her birth from the earth, she came to be named Bhoomija and Ayonija.! Valmiki Ramayan Part 7, Ch 17 contains a story that saint Kushdhvaj's daughter Vedvati was performing penance to get Vishnu as her husband. Charmed by her beauty, Sumbh the king of demons, desired to get that virgin girl by killing Kushdhvaj, but he failed to do so. Then, Ravan had the desire to make Vedvati his wife. When she did not agree, Ravan dragged her by her hair. Vedvati got her hair, released and jumped into the fire. Afterwards she appeared as Sita to kill Ravan and got Vishnu's incarnation Ram as her husband. Sirdhvaj had pledged that whoever was able to shoot an arrow with the bow string of Shiv, he would marry Janki. Thus Ram not only succeeded in this endeavour, but broke the bow into two pieces by drawing it apart. Therefore, he got Sita as his bride. About this bow, it is said in Valmik Part 1, Ch 67 that after destroying Daksh's religious sacrificial ceremony Shiv kept this bow named Devrat in trust with Janak. It was so heavy that 5000 persons laboured to bring it near Ram. Sita remained with Ram Chandar during his exile and she left the homely comforts to serve her husband. When on a suggestion from Ram, Lachhman cut off the nose of Ravan 's
'It is prevalent in folk tradition that Ravan demanded tribute from the sages. But the hermits had nothing to pay. Therefore they gave their blood. A pitcher, filled with their blood, was buried under the earth. Sita was born from it and became the cause of Ravan's destruction.
sister Soopnakha in Dandak forest, Ravan carried away Sita in revenge. With Sugreev to help, Ram came to know through Hanuman that Sita was in Lanka. Thereafter Ram waged a war against Ravan and got her back. When Sita was brought from Ashokvatika and she appeared before Ram, he said, "Sita! I am doubtful about your character, Therfore you may go away anywhere you like. You are not worthy of me." Due to this Sita jumped into the fire, but such was her chastity's strength, that the fire could not consume her. All the gods bore testimony to her chastity, and Ram accepted her (as his life partner) See ~ ~ 6. l?f: 17-18-19. After the coronation of Ram Chandar in Ayodhya, Sita lived in comfort with him and became pregnant. One day, a joker named Bhadr said to Ram, "People talk ill of you because Sita, who remained in Ravan 's abode, is now settled in your house by your sweet will." So Ram ordered Lachhman to take Sita away and leave her in the forest. Lachhman carried out his order obediently. Rishi Balmiki was moved on hearing Sita's cries and he escorted her to his hermitage. There Sita gave birth to male twins. Valmiki writes that for the protection ofone child Kusha grass was dipped in water (and sprinkled on the child's body) and thus he got the name Kush. The other child was sprinkled with Lav grass dipped in water and named Lav. Kush was elder to Lav. The sage looked after them and taught them. He trained them to learn Ramayan by heart and sing it in melody. When Ram performed an Ashvmedh Yag, the sage took Kush and Lav with him to Ayodhya to join the festival. Ram and his courtiers were charmed by the singing of the children. The sage certified the chastity of Sita and told Ram
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2 cold and warm. [sity] Skt adj tilled, ploughed. 2 11 corn, grain. 'Jfu: [sid] Skt 11 money given on interest; usury. 'FiR' [sid] adf for which money was not paid; without cost, free. 'Fftq [sidh] 11 direction, straight line. 2 adj achieved. "namr h;:}mare kar;:}j sidh."-g5e;I ill 5. 3 proved, established. "vrcr kara nag;:}rI h;:}rI sidhe."-b;:}sat ill 5. 'Hari is realised in the bodily form.' 'R1'rR;r [sidhna] v to search, aim at. ~ [sidh;:}v] See HW. tflt:r' [sidha] adj straight, direct, without a curve/bend. 2 guileless, sincere, honest. "gurmukhr praI).i ;:}pradhi sidhe."-gau a ill 3. 3 successful; who achieves his goal. "harI d;:}rg;:}h pEdhe h;:}rInamE sidhe."-asa chat ill 4. "s;:}trguru te k;:}v;:}n k;:}van n;:} sidho mere bhai?"-gau a ill 3. 4 obverse, an antonym of See~. Jfurrci3" [sitakatl, F~ [sitanathl, ~ reverse (side) "sidha choc;lr ;:}putha bunna." [sitap;:}tr] Ram ChandaI'. -gau ill 5. 5 11 raw material used for food for a certain honourable religious person; ~ [sitaph;:}l] 11 F.l"O'tr" Custard apple. L provision, supply. "sidha an Cdc;lhavhi ketrk Annona Squamosa. ~ [sitar;:}m;:}I).], A13 1\ji;g(') [sitar;:}v;:}n], karhf s;:}lam."-NP 6 rock salt, Sindhi salt. ~ [sitav;:}r], m~ [sitav;:}llabh] Sita's "dal sidha mag;:}u ghiu."-dhana dMna. husband, Ram ChandaI'. "sita r;:}van k;:}ha ffil:rr [sldha] See Fftqr 6 hE'?"-raillav. mttr [sidhr] 11 achievement, success. "gobId m3' [sito] adj ~3" threaded, sewn, stitched. jo j;:}pE trsu sidhr."-illaru ill 5. 2 See ffirr. 2 11 coolness; lack of heat. "trthE sito sita 'Fftit [sidho] See Fftqr. 2 adj proved, decided. mahrma mahr ."~f;:}pu. In the realm of action Fftot' [sinal See~. 2,:,:; P 11 a chest, breast. "sit;:}l m;:}n sina ram."-bIla chat ill 5. "c;l;:}rkE (preamble) Ram (all-pervading) is wide ph;:}tge tfh s;:}trun sine."-krISan. spread and Sita indicating spiritual (inner) peace is all-absorbing.! 3 Skt Fft3Jr adj tilled ~ [sinejor] adj intent on showing bodily with a plough. "rhu tanu sito tumrE dhanu." prowess; high-handed. -sar ill 5. F!1t;:rm [sinejori] 11 high-handedness. "tur;:}g Jfl3l::lo [sitosan] Skt~ winter and summer. m;:}gayo sinejori."-GPS. 'In this realm, heroes known for actual living, are Ffltr [sip] 11 a small oyster shell. mentioned. Here live males like Ram and females like Ffttrf3' [sip;:}tr] Sita's husband, Ram Chandar. 2 Shripati, Vishnu. 3 Maya's husband, Kartar. Sita.
~
that Kush and Lav were his real sons. Therefore, Ram ordered that Sita be brought back. Arriving in Ram's royal court, she addressed the assembly remarking, "if! have thought of any other person other than my husband Ram, then 0 Earth give me abode within in thyself." On the utterance of these words of Sita, the earth burst open and she was absorbed into it. See ~ c~ 7, l1f: 97. jo mere v;:}c k;:}r;:}m Jk;:}r hrIdE b;:}s;:}t raghurar, prIthi! PEC~u muhr dijiye HjE apmrlar. sun;:}t b;:}c;:}n dh;:}rni ph;:}t g;:}i, lop sia trh bhit;:}rI bh;:}i, c;:}kr;:}t r;:}he nIr;:}kh r;:}ghurai, raj k;:}r;:}n ki as cukai.-raillav: 9 wife of Peepa Bhagat. 10 according to the Veds, the goddess of agriculture/crops. F.ftaiJJ [~;;ita~u] 11 the moon, which has cool rays.
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Jtbit.
520
Fit.tit. lsi pi] Central Province; Madhya Bharat;

area around Nagpur.
Ffltt [sipE] stitches, sews. "ru patI pati sIphti

SipE."-var ram 1 m 1. FilaEt [sibai] a caste of Rajputs. The state of Siba belongs to this caste. See ~ 'QTO. 'RTso [slbar] See "sibar tar khajurE bharL "-GPS. Fit ~ lsi baral)] Skt lIT ~ adj of pretty! beautiful colour. "si baral)badh."-gyan ag 150. 'killing a horse of fine colour in Ashvmedh Yag.' See JIl ~. ~ [sibhro] a village, in the police post Moolepur, tehsil, Sirhind, seven kos to the north-west ofPatiala. The ninth Guru visited this place. The State has allotted forty ghumaons of land to the gurdwara. This place is about 4 mi les to the north-east of Dhablan railway station. FitH [sim] boundary. See rflw. "sim taj apni brrane des lagh lagh."-ramav. 2 P f silver. Ffb.rcx [simak] See ~. 'fftH3o [simtan] P ~ adj having a silvery body. Ffh.ro [siman] See fJ:r1~. "sim karo sarab abhrram."-GPS. mw [sima] Skt 11 boundary, limit. 2 propriety. 3 parting of the hair. 4 A v.: a sign, mark. 5 a mark on the forehead. 'J:fu.rra" [simab] P ",:"k' 11 FitH-Jo>fTa" silvery water; mercury. Ffb..Jtfi;5'or [simalfg] 11 a boundary-mark. ~ [simurag] 11 a bird with feathers having colours ofthirty birds on its wings. It is an imaginary bird. Griffin. Poets have mentioned that its lower portion is of a tiger and the upper of an eagle. 2 Some have opined that unka is its second name. 3 Many people give this name to dagra. See toW. Ffl>.f3' [simat] 11 the act of parting hair with a
rnws-.
Pi;:
comb. "simatonnay.m", a ritual of the Hindus derived from this word, is performed during the fourth, sixth or eighth months of pregnancy. The husband does the hair-parting of his wife (by using a comb). This ceremony is considered auspicious for the child in the mother's womb. lfb.f3or [simatak] who has done hair-parting. See rfu.f3". 2 See ~. ~ [simatIka] the lady, who performs the act of hair-parting. See Ffuf3". mHfufo [simatInI], Ffu-ffuril [simatrni] Skt <8IJC1P\i..nadja lady with hair adorned, who has adorned herselfby spreading layers of her hair on (both sides of) the forehead. "jor simatrnI ke jIh thae."-NP mH3" ('j1jf(') [simato nayan] See rfu.f3". Fitw [ siya] Sita, Janki. FfIwtIfu" [siyapatI] Ram Chandar. 'Atr [sir] 11 partnership. "sir na susag me." -GPs. 2 coolness, coldness. "sir jIm nir mahI hot sukhkar hE."-NP 3 adj cool, cold. "phate mas lage jal sir."-GPS. 4 Skt 11 the sun. 5 akk, a wild plant. 6 a plough. 7 Skt F.fto a python. 8 adj sharp. P 11 rice pudding; milk. F.furtf~ [~irkhor], ~TQ [~irkhvar] adj who drinks milk, who lives on milk. "sirkhor In kaha bIgara?"-GPS. lfur<y [~iral)] Skt Wuf adj broken. 2 scattered. FfIoit [sirl)i] See F.fu:fto't. Rre3' [sirat] ..:.- /.:' 11 habit, nature, temperament, innate disposition. "surat sirat me januk ap banyo purhut."-cClntr 66. H~ [sirdhvaj] Sita's father Janak. 2 Krishan's elder brother Balram, whose flag has a "sir" (plough). Ffta'u'rf<y [sirpal)I] 11 Balbhadar, who holds a plough "sir" in his hand. 2 a ploughman; peasant.
92
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521 2 P ~ 2 n a thin granular sweet. 3 a condensed essence of a (dry) fruit like datepalm etc. 4 sesame oil. 5 Skt ~ a river, stream. F.ftatt.r [$iraz] P )f 2 n a famous city of Iran, where celebrated poets, like Sadi and Hafiz, were born. Fftor,;ft [sirazi] adj an inhabitant of Shiraz. 2 relating to Shiraz. Fita't [siril adj a partner, co-worker. 2 Skt ~ a plougman, tiller. m [$iri:] P adj sweet. "gabhir dhir $irI zaban."-PP 2 dear, affectionate. 3 1'1 wife of Iran's king, Khusro Pravez, who was dear to Fmhad. Farhad was told to bring a stream by cutting a mountain to win Sirin in marriage. Farhad laboured untiringly to cut the mountain but when his job was done, he got the news that Sirin had died. Hearing it Farhad also breathed his last. Sirin also died on hearing of the demise of Farhad. 'lfuft?ft [$irini] P n sweetness. 2 a sweet. 3 the distribution of a (gift) to show happiness on the successful completion of some work. 4 sweets offered to a pir or presented at his place/tomb. 'lfuh!' [sirad] See FIi:rf<Je'. Jfu5' [sil] Skt ~ vr to meditate, concentrate, practise, worship. 2~ n nature. 3 etiquette, good manners, courtesy, gentleness. "sil bIgano tera kam."-asa m 5. 'Sexual desire has damaged your courteous behaviour.. ' vIdya bIn dVIj J bagica bIn aban ko pani bIn sayan suhavan na jani hE, raja bIn raj kaj rajnitI soce bIn puny ki basithi kahu kEsedho bakhani hE, kahE "jaydev" bIn hIt ko hItu hE jEse sadhu bIn sagatI kalak ki nI$ani hE, pani bIn sar jEse dan bIn kar jEse, $il bIn nar jEse moti bIn pani hE.
'fitaT [sira] adj cold . "sira tata hoI."-s kabir.
u:.2
ts.:/.t
4 a pious/sacred duty. "sac sil SUCI sajmi sa puri panvar."-var maru m J. 5 a python; a snake. 6 friendship. 7 gratefulness. 8 tranquility. Jftl;rQT [silha] adj which destroys F.flc;) (holy religion/duty); adulterous, dissolutt:. lfurdtr'O [silbJdhan] n a vow to maintain courtesy (good conduct) /etiquette; a pledge to shun adultery. "sOnatI silbJdhan bra." -maru solhe m 5. ~ [silvat], ~ [silvatI] adjdeferentially modest. See Fftc;). "silvatI pardhanI."-var ram 2 m5. ~ [silu] See Fftc;). "siludharamu japu bhagatI na kini."-bIla kabir. ~l?fT<!T [siloaDa], ~l?f"it [siloaDi] See aQ' FJTfua' 3. ~ [siv] n Shiv. 2 a boundary, limit. "kISE kE siv banE rol nahi."-var bIla m 4.3 a pyre for cremating the dead body; a funeral pyre. "r<:lei siv caddn."-saloh. ~ [sivaD] See ~. Fi'Irn [siVDi] Dg n a needle. 'FiNo [sivan], ~ [sivna] See ft:w vr n to sew, stitch. "han ratan man at<:ln sivte."-sri chat m 5. "m<:ln t<:ln bhit<:lrI sivan."-sar m 5. "bIn tage bIn sui ani man hanbhagti sagI sivna."marum5. l'fWFo [si~dnIl adj worth-sewing, worthstitching. See -a+a1fo. 'fIWT [siva] See rflw. "saq.he tim hath teri siva."-sor ravidas. 'The extent of your property is three and a half yards, which you will get after death.' Ffl;r [sir] n speed, motion. 2 falling of hail; a hail-storm. 3 silence. 4 a rope of grass. "sir ghumaI raghran kahi."-PPP 5 a furrow drawn by a plough. Skt F.fRr. 6 See ~. ~ [sirh] a joint, a stitch. Fft;jt [sirhi] n a ladder. 2 a bier. See r:iret.
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'ff [su] Skt part excess, too much. "mamta moh majh m I. 'Self-growing grass (svak) may become rice.' su badhna, putr kalatr su dhadh."-var bIha m 3. 2 prep excellent; the best. "su kanji 'IJl:lf"R' [suas] Skt lfFr n a breath. 2 See lfFr. kamaI).I gur mIlI ham pai."-asa m 5.3 n an 'lJl'>I"'RO [suasan] See '!fRO. opinion, a view. 4 adv without any effort; 'ffl)JlU [suah] nash. easy. 5 adj beautiful. 6'ff has also been in use lJlWUT [suaha] See lfUT. "suaha sudhaya namo sitleya."-c~Qi 2. for ~ (self). "jIs no han su prasan hoI." -suhi m 4. 'was himself pleased.' "surup me lJlWit [suaI).i] n a willing maiden brought as a bnttI tikai."-GPS. 'focussed his mind.' wife, ~ )o)fT"it brought through marriage; a wedded woman devoted to her husband. See 7 pron that, same. "su Esa raja sri narhari." -mala namdev. 8 It stands for suffix to a third ~and~. person singular verb. 'dIttosu laddhosu ad I." lJ1'>f'3' [sua t] See ~. 'He gave, he found.' ~ [suad] Skt ~ (See ~ vr) n juice, taste. "adhIk suad rog adhIkai."-mClla m I. 'ffl?f [sua] n a son. 2 a parrot. 3 See ~. ~ [suasat], ~ [suasatI] Skt ~ part ~ [suadatI] Skt~taste, relish. 2 adv for the pleasure of the tongue. "suadatI jiu welfare. 2 a blessing. "tIsu jo hari suasatI sagharE."-asa kClbir. tIsu."-var asa. 3 denotes acceptance. 4 the sound of oakar. See wfer. lJl'>{'tito [suadhin] See 1ftiTo. 'fft'l1f3' ~ [suasatI bIvastha] See ~Hf'3" lJl)fIO [suan] Skt 1fO n a dog. "suanpueh jIU hOI na sudho."-dev m 9. "apna apu tu kabfamiar. hu na ehoqsI suanpuehI jIu re."-maru mI. lJl)fO [suan] Skt 1fQ n son. "apno suan jEse lagat pIaro jIy."-BGK 2 Skt ~ whose gait is fine; a swan. See~. lJl)fW [suala] See ltw. ~ [suansatr], ~ [suansatru] n a ~ [suau], ~ [suao], ~ [suaI] n taste, dog's rival (persons of low caste (eaqal), who kill dogs and eat their flesh). "suansatr ajatu juice, essence. "karchia phHanI suau na sabh te."-keda ravIdas. the lowest caste jaI).anI sUJ1ia."-var guj 2 m 5. "kam suaI gaj "supae". vasI pare."-gau kabir. 2 self-interest, profit. "jan av;:m ka IhE suau."-sukhmani. 3 selfish- ~ [suanpueh] See lJ'WO. ness. "tIn sagI sagu na kicaI nanak jIna apI).a ~ [suani] See ~. 2 a bitch. suau."-var guj 2 m 5. "mItr bhai dis-hI man ~ [suamam] n the army of a king. 2 See mere, te sabhI apnE sua I mIlasa."-g~Q m 4. ~. 4 a purpose, an intention. "kaun marag kaun lJl?f'fi-r [suamI], J]l'>fIJ-ft [suami] Skt ~;or, husband, lord. 2 an owner, a master. "mat suao."-sIdhgosatI. 5lftiT good and virtuous; pIta suamI sajaI).u."-vClQ m 5. "suami ko an honest earning. "katha kirtan rag nad dhunI Ihu banIO suau."-bIla m 5. 6 a gnh jIU sada suan tajat nahI."-s m 9. welcome. "suarath suau na ko kare."-sri a m ~ [suar] See ~. "sardar suar anek." -c~Qi 2. 5. 7 honour. "dohagI).i mahalu na paInI na jaI).anI pH ka suau."-asa a m 3. 8 self- ~ [suarI).a] v to reform, correct, improve. growing; a grass growing by itself. "bhar ~ [suarath] Skt lfEf n selfishness; selfatharahI meva hOVE garura hOVE suau."-var interest. "gobfd bhajI sabh suarath pure."
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-maru m 5. ~ [suarthi] Skn;:n~ adj selfish, for whom self-interest is paramount. 1J~ [suarathu] See IJ1'Ii"JEr. 1JnrroT [suari] See~. "bri sIgh suari." --cacji 2. ~ [sual] See ~~. 1J~ [suaIIu], 1J~ [sualIol 1J{Tfu"sr [suaIIhu] SktB-fTC~ adjthe abode of beauty, a house of spkndour; a dwelling of excellence. "keta taD sua1J:hu rup."--japu. "til saca salubu sIphatI suaIIu."-var asa. ("teri sIphat 5ualIo sarup h."-var gau J, ill 4. "kaya kamaDI atJ: sualIo.''-suhi m 3. 3 n splendour, beauty. "tIn ka kIa salah1:13 avar sualIhu kaI."-sri m I. 4 It is mentioned in the Janamsakhi that Guru Nanak Dev called Munafak Desh as sualIo.,-sri nanak praka$ Ch 11. 5 adj laudabk, praiseworthy, commendabIe. 1J~ [suav] A J~ weakness, deficiency. 2 P JV pure gold. See~. ~ [suavgir] P ;:0 V keepelrs of pure gold i.e. pure coins. See Br~ 2. "ja satIguru saraphu nadan kan dekh, suavgir sabhI ughapae."-var gau J ill 4. 'The pure have been distinguished from the counterfeit.' B~ [suavra] n trtf selfishness. "chaQIa maIa suavra."-var ram 2 ill 5. 2 taste. 'ffnf [sua] See ~. 2 himself/herseilf. oneself. "akal dIal sua."-akal. Bnfao [suabar] See~. 2 adjB (fine)--nfaG (dress), lovely garments. "na dhan: suabar ag m."-carItr J 56. 'fffu [sur] pron he, that. 2 n one"s own self. "J1aDat soi sat sUI."-bavclTI. 'ljre m [SUI gail slept. "jab-hI jasodha sUIgai."-krIsan. [suIn], ~ [suIna] n gold. "sarab sUIn ki laka hoti."-dhana namdev. "suIna rupa
Jgreo
saci mal."--sri a m 1. trfuor 1;fu 1..~(!T [suma moo paUl)a] v to put gold in the mouth of a dead person. According to the Hindu belief it is a sacred act. See katyayan SImntI Part 21 ;; 5.2 to maintain death-like silence. 1J1~ [sumi] adj goldsmith. 2 a Khatri caste. See ~. "bhagirath sUIni sucIara."-BG lJ~ ~ ~ [suIne ka bIrakh] n Fl"f'3qJ~. See ~ Hr~:r i:j;ft 20. ~ cit lJE1' gil' 01:-'" 1QT(JTT [surne ki sui rupe ka dhaga] faculty of reasoning; needle is guru (preceptor) and his teaching is a thread. ~ H~r [sume madap] See ~. lJEt [sui] pron :~~ a devotee of Shiv; same, that one. "dIhad sui."--var majh m 1. 1j~ [susak] Skt ~ adj dry, parched. "cIfakal man taru susak sri guru pag jal prem."-NP. 'devotion to the preceptor.' ~ [susatu] See '81'l. "susatu baran vari ur me dharan ki.''-GPs. lJH31 [susti] P Skt"ffil n laziness, sloth. 1Jm:rt: [susabad] n a preceptor's teaching. 2: Gurbani. 3 a divine melody produced from within, an unheard melody. "susabad ka kaha vas kathiale."-srdhgosdtr. lJ"fRl"1'O [susrar] See ~. 1J~ [susrukha] See ~. 1jW [susa] Skt n sister. "susa avas gae gunrasi."-NP. 1Jfl:r'6 [susIch] Skt 1]ft:rfcB' adj well-trained, highly educated, lettered. 2 lJ~ n good education/ training, good advice, good precept. "suSIcch dUj janiE."-paras. 'The other warrior is well-trained.' 'IJfi:l'r:r [susIddhj adj which can be proved easily; easily achieved. 2 n a figure of speech (RfEf-ffi'CiflO) describing how effort is put in by one and its fruit enjoyed by another. This type of description is termed as "sus I dh
u'.-
Bn:r
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dlakar." Example: jse mddhumakhi saCI saCIh Ikdtr kdr harE madhuhar take mukh char qarh, jse bdcch het gau sacat h khir'tIh let h ahir duhI bachre vItarh, jse dhar khod khod kar bIl saj musa psat sarap dhaI khaI tIh marh, tse kOtI pap kar maya jor jar muqh atkal chaqcal dou hath jharh.-BGK. (b) Drawing advantage by many persons from an other's labour/work is the second kind of "susrddh." Example: jIni nam dhIaIa gae masakatI ghalI, nanak te mukh ujle keti chuti nalI.-jdpu. prahlad jan ke Ikih kul udhare.~bhEr m 3. ~ [susil] adj ~ good-natured. JIJ;f [susu] Skt JiBiJ 11 father-in-law, wife's father. "kIY an qhukau susu nagri."-NP JIJ;fl:fT [susukha] See lJld1:fT. JIHer [susagl, JjHarf'3" -[susagatI] 11 a noble company, an association of nice persons. 2 a congregation of pious persons. JjH~~ [susaved] adj Jj-R~tJr easily understandable; that can be comprehended with comfort. 2 ~ Ff'"m self-knowable. lfit [susso] Dg a rabbit, hare. 1.J1I [sustu], F!1I [su$thu] Skt ~ adj exceedingly true, absolutely correct. 2 extremely appreciated. 3 best, sublime. "pahIrYo kharag loh bahu sustu."-GPs. lJlJ [sust] P ~ weak, lazy. See lJR3't, 2 See washed, clean. See B. B [$ustan] P ~ v to clean, wash. lJlf [$usta] P .::--b adj clean, neat, washed. JI"'!3" [SU$rut] Skt adj thoroughly/completely grasped. 2 well-known. 3 11 a famous Indian Vaid, who, according to Garud Puran was the
son ofVishvamitar. He learnt the Vedic system of medicine from Raja Divodas ofKashi, who was an incarnation of Dhanvantri. He authored a book, which is famous as "Sushrut". He is acknowledged as a reputed scholar of Ayurveda. 1J1J1:fT [susrukha] Skt~w 11 the desire to listen. 2-an honour, hospitalfty. 3 service. "satsagatr susrukha karni."-NP JI(JGT [suhata] Pa 11 a spring; a source of water. JI(Jt!T [suhda], ~ [suhde] A (:,;14 plural of ffiflt. "suhde aur sahid."-sri d m 1. 'deponent of religion and dauntless fighter for a religious cause.' See ffiflt. ljua3" [suhbat] A company, meeting, reul1lon. JI(JiJ3" [suhrat] A ..::-) Skt fuJ:rf3" 11 mention, rumour, talk. 2 fame, repute. "IS prakar suhrat bhi sare."-NP Jj(JiJ3"tItfur [suhrat pajir] P 1 {..::- ) adjfamous, known. JI"tfff [suhal] See FfuI;). ~ [suhlavi] adjglorious, splendid. 2 pleasure, happiness. "grIh magal suhlavi."-mdla
m5. JItI;f [suhar] a sub-caste of Khatris. "suhar

tIloka surma."-BG 2 Dg a warrior, valiant person. ~ [suhaUl:I3] adj graceful, beautiful. lJ'1'OT [suhag] 11 good fortune, good luck. "suhag hdmaro db hU1).I SOhIo."-as3 m 5. 'Now good luck eternally prevails.' See [8". ~ [suhagal).J, ~ [suhagal).IJ, ~ [suhagni] adjlucky (woman). 2 woman, whose husband is alive, BtJ'OIT [suhaga] 11 a saline material, called takal). Skt ~ E borax. 2 a leveller, cultivator's implement, which is used for breaking bricks in the field. It is shaped as a flat beam. The farmer stands on it, while being it is being
1Jld. 1Jld [$ust]
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pul led by two or four bullocks on the ploughed soil. "nam bij satokh suhaga."-sor m 1. "let rahyo karkE upma Ih qar cale kIrsan suhaga."-knsan. .; A black serpent is lying on the sandy land like a leveller. lJ'JTa1T ~ [suhaga pherna] See lJ(JrrclJT 2. 2 to cause utter destruction, to ruin the other completely. lJ<~ [suhajr:ta] Ski ~ n a plant, whose beans are used for the preparation ofa pickle; and its root, gum, peel and juice are used in making various medicines. L Moringa Pterygosperma. It cures phlegm and gastric ailments, removes swelling, increases sexual energy, produces hunger, dissolves stone in the urinary bladder, is effective fix curing rheumatism and stomach-ache. Its effect is hot and dry. 1J"<JT<!" [suhar:tl adj graceful, beautifull. 2 A i.:Jli pious, soul. "satI suhar:lU sada manT cau." -japu. lJ'~ [suhaI)a] adj graceful, beautiful, pleasant. '!Ji~ [suhaI)u] See ~. '!Ji:Jl?) [suhan] See J3~. 'lJiJ1?iT [suhana] See ~. lJ'JT8" [suha b] See Frur8". 1J~ [suhavr~aJ, J3~ [suhavna], J3~ [suhavra], ~ Isuhavri], J3i~ [suhava], B~ [suhavi] adjbeautiful, graceful.. 2 comDJliable. "soi dInas suhavra."--var gau 2 m 5. "dhanu suhava mukh."--asa m 5. "rEI)I suhavri dTnsu suhela."-majh m 5. "suhavi kauI)u su vela?"-vac;l m 5. 1j1~ [suhIrad] Skt ~~ n a kind hearted person. 2 a friend. lJc:ftw [suhia] n a spy. 2 Skt ~\~ the desire to listen, i.e. the service of the guru and the seniors. 3 honour, hospitality. "sa sup suhia kIV kari? nIvaI)u na jaI thaI)i."-sava m 1. 'How may I greet the mother-in-law, unable
as I am to bend due to the breast bei ng tense.' I 4 adj graceful, beautiful. 5 dear, affectionate. "madhur bEn atT suhia."-mala m 5 partal. ~ [suhelra], Jj.~ [suheIriJ, [suhela], lJ~ [suheli] ad} easy, simple, convenient. "sabhe kaj suhelre thie."-var gau 2 m 5. "suhela kahIn kahavan. tera bIkham bhavan."-sri m 5. "cot suheli sel ki."-s kabir. 2 happy. "t:ccaru vas-hI suhelri. "-sri m 5. 3 pleasing. "han ki katha suheli."-sor m 5. 4 n a friend, well wisher. "agE sajan suhela." -sor kabir. 5 a special horse of Guru Hargobind, named Suhela. See ~ and l.l~ 4.6 See tr and 'Jw. ~ [suheva] a village ofBikaner state, najamat Rajgarh and tehsi:l Rini, which is situated 25 kos from Rajgarh station in north-west direction. It is 30 kos from Sirsa in the southwest quarter. People in the vicinity call it Sahia. While going towards the south, Guru Gobind Singh graced this place with his presence. In the north-east corner of the village, there is a gurdwara on the bank of a pond. There stands a banyan tree and a peepal tree since the time of the Guru.Then a small peepal grew in the jand tree. The Guru predicted that the country would get rid of famine when the peepal would devour (wholly absorb) the jand tree. Now the peepal has swallowed up whole of the jand tree and its visible size remains only two and a half inches in width and six linches in length. About 25 feet away from the peepal, there is a stone rock on wh ich three-four steps of a horse are found, which are said to be those of the Guru "s horse. The gurdwara has 30 bighas anand. It also receives Rs 325 annually from
cmw
lIn Pothohar,
JI<ft
means to greet by bending the head
by bowing down. Its derivation is also fl'om the Sanskrit

Ij~PI"".
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the Patiala state. Its priest is a baptised Sikh. On the day offull-moon night of the month of Kattak, a festival/holy congregation is held here. 'lJtkt" [suhada] See Fr-at:r. ~ [suhnd] See~. ~ [suhndl)i] n am1Y; a gathering ofsincere friends.-sanama. '!JCf [suk] Skt ~ adj dry. "san bhare kE suk?" -vaT majh m 1. 2 Skt ~ n a parrot, a fowler. 3 a minister of Ravan. "jab suk ke vacnan hasyo dai vaQai tahI."-hanu. 4 a sage, named Shukdev, who was the son of rish i Vyas. It is mentioned in the Mahabharat that Vyas was trying to produce fire by rubbing ami wood. In the meantime a nymph named Ghritachi appeared there and looking at her the sage dropped his semen into the ami. Ghritachi felt that the sage would curse her. On account of this awe she flew away in the garb of a female-parrot.' Thus Shuk was born in the ami from the semen of Vyas. The father named him Shuk because Ghritachi had assumed the shape of a parrot. He was sent to Janak by Vyas to acquire divine knowledge. He proved to be a very renowned scholar. "suk jal1dk pagi lagI dlnavEgo."-kan am 4. 5 clothes. 6 a headgear, turban. ~ [subCl)al, ~ [sukcan] v to shrink! shrivel. 2 to hesitate. "pap brat SUbCIO nahi."-tIlo'i m 9. 'IJ~ [sukl)a 1 v to dry. Jj'CE [sOkat] a hissing sound. "sObt bal) mar sam jahi"-saloh 'The arrows move like a hissing snake.' lJCET [suktal, J]"Ci(f3" [subtIl See ~. "sukta rajat mrIgtrIsna me nir jEse."-NP ~ [sukdis] Skt 1j0( fHO( one who teaches
'On account of this reference many writers have usee! wore! J]Cil (she parrot) as a name ofShuk's mother.
a parrot. See tfu:j'.

'IJ~~ [sukdev] See J]O(" 4.
[suknas] having a nose like that of a parrot; with a nose like that of a parrot's beak. 'l]Cm [sukarl Skt adj a work that can be easily done. 2 A P n gratefulness, gratitude. "yate sukar rabb ke ghar kO."-GPs. 3 See'lJCr. 'IJ~ [subrl)i], ~ [submi] n a noble deed. "SUkafl)i kamal)I ham gurmIII pai." -asa m 5. 'a lady performing noble deeds.' ~ [subram] good work, noble work, ~ [sukarmi] Skt ~,adj who performs noble deeds. 'lJ0(~l'fHd1 [sukrasni] adj which has fire-like glitter; bright as fire. "kalu bapura kotvalu sukrasIri."-mala namdev. ~ [sukral)a] P ~fP n gratefulness, gratitude. ~ [sukrat] 1,1 Socrates. a celebrated thinker of Greece and a scholar, who was born in Athens from the womb of Phinareti in the house of Sophroniscus in 469 Be. Socrates was moved to preach against evil practices and hypocrisy prevalent in Greece. He actively condemned them, fearlessly sermonised to the people about truth. His discursive method was such that the scholars of his time could not argue with him. Thus selfish persons turned hostile and they levelled against Socrates the charge that he was the enemy of ancient religion and was a preacher of new belief. So he was imprisoned and ultimately on a court order was put to death by having to drink a cup of poison. Socrates believed that human soul was neither subject to old age nor death. The fear of death could not turn him away from his cherished principles. Therefore he remained absolutely firm. At the time of his death, whatever he discussed with his disciples, was
y:-
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mother. Shukar cursed Vishnu seven times to have birth on the earth. Then he brought his mother back to life. Indar got afraid and sent his daughter Jyanti to disturb his penance. Jyanti reached there and tried her best to distract him with her charm, but Shukar fully completed his penance period and then married her. Shukra is also called Bhargava, Bhrigu's father. Shukar was a one-eyed demon and the reason for it is that king Bali promised to give two and a halffeet land to the dwarf(Vaman) Brahmin, so Shukar made his body very small and entered into the neck of the water vessel, called gangasagar. When water did not fall into his hand, Bali moved a straw in the neck that punctured his eye.' "sukr bat man rna pahIcani."-vam.:m. 5 Friday. 6 a bright planet, which is quite close to the earth. Its distance from the sun is three crore and 35 lacs koso It rotates round its axis in 225 days. The same Shukar is mentioned as the guru of the demons in the Purans. 7 adj bright, glittering. 8 white, glaring. ~ [sukrSIS] Dgthe followers/disciples of Shukar i.e. the demons. ~ t:ft f'>..r1::n? lsukarcakkia. di mIsal], Ijg~ [sukarcakkie] one of the twelve misls of Sikhs. It got its name from village Sukrchakk. It was organized by Sardar Charhat Singh Sanhsi of Jat sub caste and grandfather of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. It was established in 1810 Sammat with Gujranwala its capital. The most illustrious son ofthis misl was Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the Lion of Punjab. The prosperous Sandhawalias and Rasoolpurias of Amritsar are now considered offshoots of this misl. The sardars of Sikri in Kamal district the descendants ofSardar Bhag
'This legend is not to be found in the Purans.
Singh, the Jewel ofPanth, also belong to this mis!. ~ [sukravarl n friday, named after Shukar. ~ [sukravarI] on Friday. "sukvarI prabhu ralna samar."--bIla m 3 var 7. 'Ij'~ [sukracaray] See lJCI 4. ~ [sukrIt] Skt ~ n a holy or sacred act. "dukrIt sukrI t madhe sasar saglar:ta."-sri m 5.2 This word has also been used in place of ~ "sukrIt saharE su Ih brat carhE."-gS0 kdbir var 7. 3 adj a job well done. ~ [SUkrItI], ~ [sukrIti] SknrlZRA.,adj virtuous. 2 pious/ righteous. 'lj'l:f [sukh] n a vow to make an offering. "sukh sukhedi sa mE paI ."-jEt chat m 5. 'is so called because of the desire to get worldly comforts and happiness.' 2 Skt pleasure. "dukh dam sukh rag bhaIa."--var asa. See mit tT ~l.f 18. 4 water. lJl:f ~ [sukh asvari] n a palanquin. "karI hakaran sukh asvari." ... "cac;lhyo sah sukah ki CJsvari."-GPS. lJCfiT [sukhai] an intoxicating leafy drug. 2 whose job is to grind this intoxicating leafy drug (hcmp) See Bl:fT. 'lj'l:fffiJt1 [sukhsahajJ See ffiJi1 lJCf. ~ [sukhsagar] adjan ocean of happiness. "sukhsagar harInam hE."-sri m 3. lJ1:fWfu [sukhsadI] complete peace. See FfTfu'. 'Ij'~ [sukhsal] adj an abode of comfOlis, a place of happiness. "nanak sukhsal."--Lnla m 5. 2 17 the Creator of the universe. 3 sclfknowledge. 'lj'1::nl~ [sukhsEl] adj FtC?l]l:f steady comfort. "maha punit bhae sukhsEl."-gau m 5. ~ [sukhso1n1raJ, ~ [sukhsohIla] aelja soothing song. 2 a song of bliss. ~ [sukhahgami], ~ [sukh-Ingami] adj easily approachable; easily available; which can be secured without hard labour.
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"sImCln suami sukhClhgami."-sri chi'it m 5. contains eight characters. Every line begins U<:ffto [5ukhc<:n] the younger son of Baba with a laghu character, and ends with a guru Phool's son Tiiok Singh. He (Sukhehain) was character, with pauses after the 5th and the the ancestor ofthe Jind branch. He established subsequent 3 rd characters. Sukhchain village in his name. Hie died III Example: 1751 AD. kI nagri ke, es hE, H ~ [sukhcrn-al:la] See ~';:rr. kI mn gi ke nClres hE, H~ [sukhehCltr] adjthe saviour of happiness. kI raja ehatrdhari hE, kI kali ke blnkhari hr.-kalki. 2 a comfort giving umbrella, which protects against the heat of hardship and adversity. lJ~ [sukhdayClk] See ~. T:fl:R' [sukhCld] adj soothing. ~rl:re~ [sukhdeu], ~ [sukhdev] 11 Shukdev. l~~ [sukhdClrsCln] adj whose sight is See 'i,'fCX. "Ih manI liD bhCle sukhdeu."-gau a soothing. "jo sukhdClrsCln pekhte p:care, mukh kabir. 2 Sukhdev, a ruler of Jasrota, a hilly te kClhIn na jaI."--asa m 5 brrha!e. 211 a herb area, who helped Bhim Chand during the battle of Nadaun. "sakhadev gaji jasarot from the family oflily with beautiful flowers, thejuice of which is used to cure an ear-ache. raya."-VN a 9. 3 a brahmin poet of Guru Skt'lJ'!lfcr;T L Amoryllis Zeylanicum. 3 Guru Gobind Singh's court, who wrote a unique Nanak Dev, whose glimpse is very blissful. description of the Creator's attributes using twelve adjectives, such as SClt (truth), eIt l~ [sukhda] adj soothing. 2 n a metre, comprising four lines with each line (consciousness) anad (bliss), advItiy containing eight matras., the last two being (unique), Clkhaq (never-ending) Cleal guru and lClghu. It differs from mClclhubhar in (immovable, firm), amt (infinite), svaprClka~ (self gl ittering), kutasth (mysterious), Clj (selfthat it does not end with a jagCln foot. Example: existent), akny (inacti.ve) and braham. lJl:ftllH [sukhdham] adjthe abode of happiness/ nklu vIda kin. aSIkha din. dutI ram cin. mun mCln prClbin.-ramav. comfort. 2 n a true teacher/preceptor. 3 the Creator of the un iverse. 4 self(b) The second type of Sukhda metre is realisation. 5 Vishnu's abode, the heaven. characterised by 22 matras., the final one th being a guru, with two pauses after the 12 tfJ:fO [suxCln] P 11 a talk, a conversation. 2 a and the last lath matra respectively. metre, a verse-line. See Fn;:j7l. Example: ~ [suxanvar] P.J ; adj committed, bound, firm in promise. jagjivCln ko sevo, jClgjivan tClb hi.... HCRTit [sukhdai], Hl:ftT3T [sukhdata], :6'l:ftTO ~ [sukhmdhan] adja store of happiness. "sukhnIdhan han alakh suami."-gau m 5. [sukhdan] ad} Fi1-ftrf~: comfort giving. "sukhdai jian ko data."-dev m 5. "sukhdata "sukhnIdhan prabhu ek hr."-gau var 2 m 5. han eku hr."-bhcr m 3. 211 hemp for Nihang Sikhs. 3 a book by Gopal Das Kabir Panthi, which is read by members lJ~ [sukhdani] adj soothing, pkasing. 2 11 See HQ (16). of the community with relish. lJl:lt!T ffi'q [sukhda bnddh] a metre, also named :ffCflM? [sukhpal] it a palanquin. See lJCf~. a comfortable swing/cradle. "rani ko lino "sClgJna". It comprises 4 lines and every line
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sukhpal cafarh:."-carItr j 46. dindayalu purakh atr svami. lJl:fS1'W [sukhbala] ad} the highest pleasure. bhagatvachdl harr atarjami. 211 the pleasure of knowledge, solace of the ghatr ghatr rahE nd dekhE koi. soul. jal thaI ramE sarav mE soi. lJl:ffmrl}f [sukhbrsram] 11 the state of peace, bahu beat at nahr pavE. peace of mind. parr pafr paqrt rah batavE. II I II ... lJlfflTfu [sukhbhar] ad} comfort-giving; that vahguru japte sabhkoi. has a soothing effect. "satrguru sukhbhar yaka arath samjhE jan soi. vava vahi apar apar. krrpadhari."-savEye 111 4. ~ [sukhmahal], ~ [sukhmdhrl] ad} haha hrrde harr vicar. a temple of comfort, an abode of pleasure. gaga gobrd srmran kina. 2 11 a true preceptor. 3 the Creator. 4 self rara ram nam manI cina. realisation. rn achran ka samjhanhar. lJ~ [sukhmaJ}.a], lJl:fHO [sukhman], J]l:fH?iT rakhE dubrdha hor khuar. II 16 II ... [sukhmana] SkI JJ1Jlf It is also correct, if pritr kar-hu crt laykE rkman hVEkar jap. written as "lJlj""}f~. 11 a vein supposed by the karr rsnan sukhmana pafo nrhCE man ko thap. II 38 II ... yogis, that starts from the point of the nose sun-hu sat tum saci baJ}.i. and passing through the inner portion of the guru apne bu harrjan jaJ}.i. forehead (ci~;r) reaches up to the brain. ja harr hov-hr sada sahai. Pingla is on its right side and Ira falls on the dharam bIlas karamgatr pai. left side. This vein is like chandarma (moon) pakhaq chaq brahmaq man dharo. sooraj (sun) and agni (fire). When breath is circulated in it through practice or exercise, an chad srmran man karo. "anhat :;;abad" (d ivine melody produced from suc krrra ar harr harr bhajo. within) is heard which provides ecstastic jhutha pEripauJ}.a tajo. II 43 II lJCf ~it [sukh manauJ}.i] v to take a vow pleasure. Its other names are 'Brahm Marg' and 'Maha Path' "sukhman nari sahaj samani for the welfare of a near and dear one. 2 to worship the Creator. for mental peace. "sakhi, piVE pivanhara."--ra111 kabir. "sukhmana rfa pfgula bujhE."-sIdllgosafI. 2 The earlier rch kari nrt sukh manai, prabhu meri as pujae."-gau chat 111 5. devotees of Gurbani consider twenty four Asthpadis (a stanza of eight lines) by Guru lJmrro [sukhmanr] See ~. 2 This word Ramdas as 'Sukhmna'. There are six has also been used for J]l:fH?iT~. See 1J1:lHi'J'". Ashtpadis of Bilawal (Rag), six of Sarang 3 a grand army. "su:;;uma vali sEna."-sanama. (Rag), six of Kama (Rag) and six of Kalyan lJl:f}-{O't [sukhmani] a long poem, composed by Guru Aljan Dev in Gauri Rag that provides (Rag). 3 a bani comprising 43 stanzas bliss to the mind. It has 24 eight line stanzas. composed by some Sikh in a particular janam maran ka dukh nIvarE, manuscript ofDasam Granth. A paI1 of the text duli'lbh deh tatkal udharE, is: "sasahar sukhmana patrsahi 10." dukh rag brnse bhar bharam, prrthme nrr~kar ko parn~. sadh nam nrrmal take karam, phunr krchu bhagdtr ritr ras barna.
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sabh te ue taki sobha bani, nanak Ih gur:u namu sukhmani. -sukhm;mi. 1J1:fHT [sukhma] SktlJl3l1T n glory, beauty. "k."ijan ki sukhma sakuei hE."-caQi 1. lJCRf [sukhar] See JJfcfo, 1J1:RIFf [sukhras] See crfc:ro. "tat bIt ghan sukhras sabh bajE. "-dj. See 3'tP. 2 a feeling of pleasure. 1j1:RJTfu [sukhraI] adj the king of happiness, lord of bliss/ blissful Lord. "dukhbhajan sukhraI."-guj ill 5. lJlfQTfl:r [sukhrasI J adj cumulus of comfort, commune of pleasure, wealth ofbliss/ecstasy. 2 n the Creator of the un iverse. lJl:fW [sukhla] adj easy; easy to prove. ~ [sukhlia] adjcomfortabile, blissful. "sej sukhlia."-asa ill 5. ~ [sukhvasi] adj who 11ives comfortably. 2 a house holder; one who spends his life with ease. "jae-hI jati sati sukhvasi."-maru solhe ill 5. ~ [sukhvati] adj(woman) leading a happy life. "sukhvati sa nan sobha pun bar:la." -asa ill 5. 'lJl:P' [sukha] Skt the: abode of god Varun. 2 See Jj1:f and Bl:fT. ~ [sukhauI).a] 11 to appear to be comfortable; to seem loving one. "ghar a,g2mI na sukhai." -sri beni. 2 be suitable. tp:fTRi'i [sukhasan] a soft seat, which is comfortable to sit at. 2 a palanql.l1in. lJl:fT1Jl:f [sukhasukh] adj the greatest pleasure, extreme happiness. "mE sarabsukha sukh paIa."-vdQ m 5. 2 pleasure and pain, happiness and sorrow. lJl:fT(!T [sukhaI).a] seem comfortable. 2 suited; congenial. ~ [sukhada], BCrret [sukhi'ldi] comiDrt giving, soothing, appealing/ pleasing. ";jItu mIlI
hanbhagatI sukhadi."-dev ill 4. ljl:I"'O" [sukhana] to soothe, please. "pna ke baean sukhane hian:."-dev ill 4. "manI tanI prem sukhanIa."-mdla m 5. ~ [sukhara] See 'J3l:I'TW. ~ [sukhal] n ease, convenience. ljl:flW [sukhala], lJ~ [sukhali] adj easy. 2 comfort giving, comfortable. "dar ghar mahla sej sukhali."-gdu dill 1. ~ [sukhavna] 11 seem comfortable. 2 appear suitable. ljf'cr [sukhI] with comfort, with happiness. "sukhI n:I,lI vIhaI,li."-asa m 5. 2 in pleasure/ happiness. "manu sukhI samaI).a."-bIla ch;'}t m 4. 3 See 1J1:ft. trfl;f'eT [sukhfda] adj soothing, comfortable. 2 drier, absorber. Bftro [sukhIr] Skt~ adjempty. hollow. 2 n a flute like musical instrument, which may be hollow from inside. "Va$adIkatu susira." -ailldrko;;. See 't.fB" 'F.I"8""t'. 3 fire. 4 a mouse. S a clove. lJCft [sukhi] adjhappy. "sukhi nanak gun nam dnraIo."-kan ill 5. 2 dry; unbuttered. "rukhi sukhi khaIkE thac;la paJ).I piu."-s fdrid. lJcft>w [sukhia] ad} happy. "so sukhia jIsu bhram gaIa."-bas;'}t m 5. lJtft'if 'lj1t:f [sukhi h11 sukh] adj puposeful joy coming from all the comforts. "mE sukhi h11 sukh paIa."-sri ill 5 pcpaI. lJlj [sukhu] See '8'f. "sukhu dukh rahat sada nIrlepi."-sor ill 9. ~ [sukhupatI], 1J~tr31 [sukhupati] Skt ~ n dreamless but sound sleep. 2 according to Patanjal philosophy, an state of mind which experiences daily the contact of the soul with the eternal Spirit (Brahm), but in this condition it is not known whether the (soul) has united with the eternal Spirit. ~ [sukhu] See J31j'.
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~ [sukhetIa] ~-l'"CJIT n a state of being
~<ft.
~ [sukkha] J1 a euphemism for hemp coined
blissful. "sukh sukhetIa."~varguj 2 m 5. lJl:l<!' [sukheD], ~ [sukhen] adj easy, simple. 2 an abode of ease/happiness, comfortable, delightful. "sukheD bED rat na." 'which has no love for delightful utterances.' 3 Skt ~ n Vishnu. 4 a leader of Gandhravs. 5 son of Varun or Dhanvantri, father of Tara, fatherin-law and minister of Sugreev, famous as Ayurvedic physician. When Ram and Lachhman became unconscious, he sent Hanuman to bring herbs. See Hd81'lFQ l.fd"83'. "jamvat sukheD nilaru hanu agdd kesri."
~ramav.
by its
~
users.~vIjia.
fi:fur [sukkha sIgh] a devoted Sikh from
lJil' [sukhE] in comfort. 2 pertaining to easel

comfort. "sukh ehu bIbeku hE."-var ram 1
m3.
~ [sukh11J, ~ [sukh11a] adjeasy, simple.
2 comfortable, delightful. "mIlIo manohar sarab sukhEna."--dev m 5. 3 comfortable. "jIsu nam rIdE so sahaj sukhEna."-bhET d m 5. See~. ~ [sukhopatI] See ~. ~ [sukha] SktFff:JTn perfect silence, complete stillness. "kahu sastra sukha."-VN. 2 See 1J1:f. l]cfao [sukhabar] adj a comfortable dress. 2 armour, shield. ECf [sukkhJ, J]'Cf J]'1::fit [sukkh sukkhDi] See
1J1:f I and 1J1:f ~.

E~ [sukkhdD] a Khatri, resident of Dhamial
village (three miles beyond Rawalpindi) who was a devotee of goddess Durga. After seeking Guru Amardas's blessings, he became one of the Guru's devotees. The Guru offered him a cot (seat/throne) for preaching the Sikh tenets. Bhai Sukkhan diligently preached Sikhism in Pothohar. A celebrated successor of his family, Dr Surjan Singh is still a devoted missionary ofGurmat.
B1:f Hoit
[sukkh mal1l)i] See BCf
and BCf
Kambomari village, who was born in the Kalsi subcaste of carpenters. After adopting Sikhism, he served the faith with great vigour by participating in religious wars. Joining Sardar Matab Singh, he punished the Turks such as Massa Ranghar for sacrilegious acts of violating the sanctity of Sri Harimandir. He attained martyrdom in Sammat 1810 in Lahore at the bank of Ravi after fighting against the Durrani force. 2 a valiant man of faith, Baj Singh's brother, who won many battles along with Banda Bahadur. 3 Poet Sukkha Singh, who was born in Sammat 1825. He was a Giani ofKeshgarh Sahib. He authored Guruvilas of the tenth Master in Sammat 1854. He passed away in Sammat 1895. His wife Gulab Devi died in Sammat 1935.4 a Granthi at Harimandir of Patna Sahib, who incorporated his sukhmana chhakey etc in Dasam Granth and brought out its new copy, which is known as "khas bir" (special manuscript). See ffiRffi"J. 5 son of Sardar Basawa Singh, a rais of Badrukkhan, and father ofNabha's ruler Maharaja Heera Singh. He laid claim to the royal throne, when Raja Sangat Singh, the ruler of Jind died issueless but the government appointed Sardar Saroop Singh Bajidpuria as the legal ruler considering him to be his direct descendant on the basis of the longer genealogical line. But the Almighty ordained Sardar Sukha Singh's son to ascend the throne of Nabha state. Sardar Sukha Singh passed away in 1852 AD. ~ [sukkhu] See ~. Bill [sug] SkI B-CITH fine gait. See 1]Olf3'.
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Example: lJOT3" [sugat] See ~dH. 2 See Bcnf3'. J Skt Lord su ritI h Ih prem se nIt, Buddh. 4 a follower of Lord Buddh; one who dhyaIye gobfQ .... adopts Buddh's religion; a Buddhist. BOJ3T [sugata] ad} who has achieved salvation. trqfC: [suguI,l] a good quality. 2 fine gait. trai't: fsugad] P -t!'y n an oath. 2 a vow, pledge, 13m [sugatI] ad} salvation, fine gait. 2 good solemn promise. condition. 3 n salvation through oneness with lJoTt:T [sugadh] n fragrance, aroma, pleasant odour. 2 a lotus. 3 sandal. 4 an oath, vow, the Absolute. pledge, solemn promise. "paras cadnE tIn hE 'IJcIDf fsugam] ad} easy. 2 a place that can be ek sugadh."-s kabir. It is in the nature of paras reached easily; an easi ly approachable (philosopher's stone) and cadan (sandalwood) destination. lJORfET [sugfath] 13 -afcr the best book, book of that whoever touches them, turns into gold spirituality; books ofGurbani i.e. preceptor's and sandal respectively. sermons. "afath samfath sugfath samai."-BG Bol't:r3" [sugadhat] ad} fragrant, aromatic. "jIh prasadI sugadhat tan:c 1av1u ."-sukhmani. iJCITT3" [sugat] Skt J.:r~ ad} shapely, having a 'applies the scented material to the body.' robust body, well-formed. 2 T ,,;:.-l;;y n a present, gift. "lekaf bha1e sugat samaja." lJoT'QT [sugadha] Skt n aniseed. 2 basil. 3 a --CPS. white rose. ~ [sugIan] n the best knowledge; self 'IJOffi:T [sugadlu] ,)kt ~u n fragrance. 2 ad} realisation. 2 real knowledge. fragrant. 13~ [sugIanal, J]forIT i'i1 [sugiani] adj Jj"OTJr [sugy] Skt ~ ad} having excellent knowledge; knowing all. 2 which can be known extremely wise, having deep self-realisation. easily. 2 a real possessor of knowledge. "o;oi sugIana so pafdhana."-asa chat m 5. "jo H:U mare soi BOI [sugr] ad} who receives; who collects essence. 'tab rijh gae kachu sugr."-ddtt. sugIani."-gcwa m 5. 13oft3'r [sugita], Bol9f:3cxr [SugitIka] a metre, J.rajw [sugriv] Ski ad} with an elegant neck. n a horse ofKrishan's chariot. 3 Younger brother whose characteristics are: four lines and every of Kishkindha's king Bali. Having forged line contains 25 matras. The: first pause occurs at the 15 1h and the other at the next 1Olh matra, friendship with him (Sugreev), Ram Chandar conquered Lanka. According to a story in the the last two matras being two gurus. Ramayana, Sugreev was the son ofSuraj (the Example: sun). After killing Bali, Ram Chandar handed tu karta ap abhull h bhullaI,l VIC nahi, over the kingdom of Kishkindha to Sugreev. tu kar-hI su sacce bha1a h, gurusab;xiI bujhai . -var .gau I m 4. "ClpnaIkE sugriv ko kapIraj balI sagharh." --ramav. See B1'ft? 4 Indar. 5 Shiv. 6 a regal (b) second type: Every I :ine begins with a swan. 1aghu matra. There is a pause first at the 15 th matra and another at the next J O'h. ]n the end JJ~~g ~ [sugrivbadhu an] n an arrow; Sugreev's brother Bali,. his rival the arrow. there are one guru and one 1aghu matras Bali died when hit by an arrow. 2 Ram instead of two guru matras as in the above Chandar, who killed Sugreev's brother Bali. case.
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[sughat] adj finely chiselled. wellproportioned. 2 which can be easily done. Jjl.lf<!T [sughr:ta] Skt ~ v to smell; to inhale fragrance. HUfO [sughan] Skt ~"l~ adj deserving to be killed easily. ljllI'i'iT [sughana] adj extremely dense, strongly thickened. "moh ba<;lhro sughana."-s;:wye ill 5 ke. 2 See 1jUfc'l. BURr [sughar] adj grand house; delightful abode. "nrhcal sughar para."-suhi chJt ill 5. 2 finely-chiselled, well-proportioned. "sudar sughar sujarw prabhu mera."-asa chJt ill 5 bullare. 3 competent, accomplished. See
'Ijl.lIC '[!US.
~ [sughrai] n fine chiselling. 2 cleverness,
wisdom. 3 a complete Indian musical 'kafi that' (having seven primary notes (~~I orar). It has soft notes of gadhar and nr:;;ad, while other notes are pure. "Sughrai" is another type of "Kanra" Its fourth note is primary and stressed with a long pause (vadi). It is also pacam savadi. In the ascending scale, the sixth note is prohibited. It is sung at midnight. arohi (ascending scale of notes) sa ra ga rna pa na sa. avrohi (descending scale of notes) sa na dha pa rna ga ra sa. In his epic Bhai Santokh Singh has thus mentioned this name: "aru sughrai rag anurag."-GPs. 'Ij"l1l'fu [sughan] in a grand house. 2 a competent woman; an accomplished lady; a beautifully chiselled woman. 1J'U/2 [sugharu] See lJURT. lJllf;r [sughar] Skt~. adj well-built, robust. "agrakari sughar sarup. "-asa ill 5.
!In ~ there are six notes. while in ~ there arc seven.
2 chiselled in a standard mint; clever, intell igent. 3 n a devotee of the fifth Guru Arjan Dev. 4 This word has also been used for "suhar" subcaste. HUS" [sughraJ adj See IJ"US. 2 n short form far 1]Uf33T cleverness. wisdom. "ka sughra ko murta."-akal. ~ [sughrai] n beauty, robustness, wisdom. 2 cleverness. 1]l.IfIC [sughat] n fine chiselling. 2 a superb formation. 3 adj well-chiselled, superbly formed. 1]tr [sue] Skt ~~ vr to feel sorrow, mourn, have a bath, be purified. 2 n brightness. 3 grief, anger. 'fftl't1 [sucaj] Skt ~ n an etiquette, nice behaviour, good conduct. 1]BW [sucajaJ, 'IJBFit [sucaji] adj a man/woman of good conduct. 2 Guru Nanak Dev has provided a useful sermon in Granth Sahib to women under the caption of "sucaji" in "suhi rag." See it under the heading. "ja tu ta mE gabhuko." Btr mJHT [sue dharma] adj who has adopted the true faith. 2 who has accepted Sikhism. 1JtJ03T [sucanta] Skt ~ n to apprise. "sabhE sucanta jJ karjEyE. grath baqhan te adhlk qarEYE."-carrtr 320. 'if all the topics are ascertained. ' 1JW [suca] See Bfu. 1]~ [sucanad] an employee ofWazir Khan, the subedar of Sirhind. Historians have written that he was a Khatri. Actually he \vas a Brahmin. He had prompted the subedar to murder the two younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh, saying that the children of a snake do not deserve any mercy. Banda Bahadur killed him too at the time of the destruction of the Sirhind. He was termed "juthanad' by the Sikhs.
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"fftJTij" [sucar] Skt BBW 11 good etiquette, good conduct. "drI.f nam dan Isnan sucari."-suhi m5. ~ [sucari] See J~. 2 ad} a per5cn of good conduct. 3 a lady of noble character: a well behaved woman. "fftJTW [sucala] adj a person of a good gait. 2 xa lame, maimed, crippled. UN [SUCI] Skt Bftr adj holy, pure, clean. 2 11 holiness, cleanlim:ss. 3 fire. 4 the sun. 5 month ofHarh. ~ [suCIar] adj who preserves purity. 2 used for~ . "IIftr3" [SUCI t] adj alert, cautious, smart. "kabhu sUCIt hv jago."-hajare 10. 2 Skt kindhearted, noble. 3 good-hearted. JJtflfT [sucia] adjwho maintains purity/holiness. "ffB"~ [suceu], "ffB"f~ [suceI] adj dean, holy. "gur k sabadI suceI."-var bIla 1ll 3. ~ [sucet] See RB:3". "kat-hu sucet hVl':k cetna ko car kio."-aka.1. 2 Skt ;:r,~CR\ adj nobleminded, gentle. 3 alert, cautious. 4 washed, clean, pure. "hath sucet kareI."-rahIt desa
sIgh
[sucetjar:la] xa v to wash, respond to the call of natlm:. A person is fr,eed from laziness and impurity through defecation, hence this term. "ffB-or [suceta] good memory. 2 xa n washing of two hands, two feet, and face. It purifies and removes laziness, hence this term. 3 defecation. l,ftfar [sucag] Dg a horse. "sucag naca I pare arI p."-saloh "ffh [suchad] Skt ~~ adj unfettered, selfwilled, independent. "mrItu such~id tum ho samratth. "-GPS "nJdan pheru suchJd bulad."-GPS. ffg [succh] Skt ~ adj pure, clean. "succh sughar rani phIr ai."-canir 379.
Ij ,13H''!'
"ffRFr [sujas] Skt"tl1ilR 11 reputation, fame. 2 adj reputed, famous, well known. 'ljH3T [sOjata] See tftr3"r. "fftri'l [sujan] adj noble, gentle. 2 one's own (person). 1JR03T [sujanta], 81ii'l3 i el [sujantai] 11 nobility, gentlemanl iness .. "ffH'{'}'T [sujni] See Fft.1?i't. "sujni svet chadkar loni."-GPS. IjHT [suja], Jjt1Tl'If [suja-a] A adj brave. lJtl'cX [sujak] See 1j"t'ITdT 4. 1JWl:IT [sujakha] adjTJ"B!! having attractive eyes, (a person) with good eye sight. "hOI sujakha nanka, SO kIU ujhap paI?"-var ram 1 m 2. 2 learned, thoughtful, I sober. "tum hohu sujakhe lehu pachaI).."-basJt a m 1. 3 farsighted. 4 xa a sieve. lJWOf [sujag] adj who can remain wake; who has forsaken sleep. 2 cautious, alert, watchful, vigilant. 3 n a watchman; a guard. "pac taskar jit sIkkh hi sujag h."-BG 4 P JI;,." urinary inflammation (burning sensation); gonorrhea. It is a contagious disease. On account of inflammation inside the urinary tract, pus oozes out. It results from microscopic bacteria which a person gets from others through contagion. Those, who have sexual relationship with loose women, become victims of gonorrhea, and such wretched people transfer this disease to their noble wives. A patient of gonorrhea feels pain and burning when he urinates and also suffers from a backache. He also has light fever and his appetite disappears. The disease should be taken care of at the earliest stage, because chronic gonorrhea creates various types of problems. Its normal treatment is as follows:
[;l/
'See apsatab sImrrtI eh 1O.
11.
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Five grains of calomel may be given at night lJ~ [sujaIW]' ~ [sujan] See~. "apr and the next morning four drams of magnesia sujaDu na bhulai."-sri ill J. 2 also used for or any other purgative be administered. Ten ~ (a person having good vision of both drops of oil extracted from a fig tree's roots eyes) "man ;'ldha nau sujar:lU."-var asa. or the oil of white sandal mixed with milk tr'ff'?iT [sujana] See J.JF!T0. 2 a disciple of Guru should be administered thrice a day. If Hargobind, who fought bravely in the battle constipation results, a purgative of salt must of Amritsar. "muhru r;'ldhava te sujana bir.' be immediately given. -CPS. Three masas of red chalk and one tala of 'IJfITfo [sujanrl See ~. uncooked grams soaked in water at night, 'IJtf3' [sujut] Skt~ adjaccompanied by, along with, in conj unction with. mixed with four tolas ofbazoori syrup should be served to the patient. mJ'o1l1fT [sujuria] adj securely joined, deeply associated. 1'/4 tolas of crystal line saltpetre and 1'/4 tala seeds of black cardamoms crushed to a Bfurr [sujog] adj excellent union, sound powder mixed with six masas be taken twice relationship. "namast;'l sujoge."-japu. 2 See a day along with the boiled rice water twice iitdT. 3 Skt \1o1loil competent, very intell igent. in the morning and evening. t.rRfu' [SUjotI] a brilliant light. 2 extremely luminous, well-lit. For cleaning the urinary tract wounds, a sprinkling of a syringeful of the liquids ofthe lJ5' [sujh] 11 perception, understanding, consciousness. 2 the sun. "ullu sujh na following medicines proves curative/ effective: Take one masa of parched sujjahi."-BG 3 the moon. "sujh-hu sujhan tin loa aulag vrckara."-BG 'The moon has black nilathotha (copper sulphate), six masas of spots. ' See ~dT. murdar sag, one tala anitmony, one tola ras3t, one tala white kath, six masas mastagi rumi, ~ [SUjhl:W], ~ [sujhal:lU] v to understand, grasp. 2 to strike, occur. 3 to become visible. and grind all these in a mortar., put them in a bottle after dissolving the material in water. 4 to come to mind. To this solution are put one masa of opium B's' [sujjh] See ~. and one masa of bafoza. This solution is ~ [SUJ1]' ~ [suJ1a] li[?iJf adj uninhabited, pumped thrice a day. unpopulated, barren. "VID naVE sUJua."-asa Spices, sour articles, exceedingly sweet ram ill 5. "suJ1i deh qravl:Ji."-sri ill J. things, meat, sauces, chillies, coitus, excessive lJ~ ~ [suJ1i sup] adj absolutely void; all walking etc. must be avoided. empty; fully barren. "deh manmukh sUJ1i Milk, boiled mixture of rice and pulse sUJ1."-bdsat m 4. (khICri), custards, barley porridge, cucumber ~ UfO orr ~ [supe ghar ka pahuDa], B~ UfO and kulfa (a leafy vegetable) etc. are useful orr ~ [SUJ1E ghar ka kau] the guest of an as diet. empty house. A guest and a crow get nothing from a deserted house; they return empty lJ~ [sujar:tl Skt ~ profound knowledge, handed. Likewise peop Ie who hanker after deep knowledge. 2 ~~. 3 clever, sagacious. trfll'fu" [sujaDI] feminine of~l"1"C:. 2 an intelligent leaders without virtue and noble conduct in woman (nominative case). the hope of acquiring wisdom or redemption,
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Ij 3dfiSot r
get disappointed. "suJ1e ghar ka pahUl;a jIu aIa tIU jaI."-sr.i m 3. "bahujoni bhauda phIno: jIu SUJ1E gbarI kau."-sri m 3. H~ [sutDa] Skt vr fRc is derogatory and sutDa is derived from it. v to throwaway; to discard. "ho I puraDa su!iE." -var asa. "tI nI janI 'sabln 0.ar sutIghate."-bIha chat 10 4. trfc [SU!I] having thrown away. He [suth] Skt lJ1fQ adj superb, excellent. "soi suth paryak."-NP 2 beautiful. 3 praiseworthy, commendable. Jie [sOth], B'cft [?Othij Skt .~ 11 dry ginger, zingiber. A E ginger. It is used in many medicines. The effect is hot and dry. It is used to cure various gastric disorders and ailments. It strengthens the liver as it is effective against liver ailments. It destroys phlegm, cures paralysis, kills worms, enhances appetite and sexual potency. Ancient physicians called it the supreme med icine. There is a mention in the Quran that a cup (of wine) lined with ginger juice will be served in heaven. l Ji~ [sOc)] Skt ~ 11 the trunk of an elephant, figuratively its hand. 2 a tube or pipe for distilling. 3 's00.' is used in 'cac;li eli var' in place of ?50.i "mahIkhasur SU(~ upaIa." 'Mahikhasur, the demon, was born as an elephant.' There is a story in Markande Puran that to kill Durga, Mahikhasur appeared as an eleplnnt and pulled the lion from under her with his trunk. Goddess (Durga) chopped otfhis trunk with her sword. Jf~ [s00.a] See B~. 2 a disti Ilery. 3 a prostitute, harlot. 4 liquor. 5 a dissolute woman, procuress. Jf~ [sOqar], BiPl? [sOqal] 11 elephant with a trunk. 2 a distiller. Jim- [SUCJI], Jjm [su0.i] female elephant with a trunk. 2 a female distiller. 3 See i'f'il. 4 an
insect that does tremendous harm to crops.

'Ij~ [s00.h] See
lJ~
Jjo.
'See QuralL "al Insan", verse 17.
[suqhar], H~ [suqhal] adj well-built. "suqhar maha raghunaelan."-ramav. lJ~ [s(1).aD], ~o [SUDan], 1J<!?iT [suDna] Skt ~to liisten. "vekha1).I sU1;aDI na atu."-jdpU. ~ [SUDI] from listening, through listening, 2 having listened to. "SUDI upeles satIgur pahI a:[a."-asa m 5. 3 an ear. "caraD kar dekhat sUDI thake."-var bIha m 3. 4 ~ listen (imperative) "SUDI Sdkhi saheli saer suheli." -gdU chat m 1. lIM [SUD IE] listening to, having listened. "SUDIE dukh pap ka nasu."-jdpU. ~ [suDiar] 11 an ear. "nanak sU1;iar te parv(1).U."-vdQ chat m 5. 2 See ~ 2. lJB [su1;at] listening. "?uDat bala bahu bIelhI prakara."-sdhds m 4. lJ~ [suDadra ], ~ [suD:'ielri] a listener. lJ3' [sut] Skt adjsqueezed. 2 11 a son. "sutkaIatr bhrat mit."-ram m 5. 3 adj short form for'lJl;f (sleeping). ~ [sut-is] 11 Ganesh, son (B3') of Lord Shiv (EtFr). "puj sut-is ko aVIghan mdnavai."-NP Jg"3fi:fg Isuts f el hu] th e moon. See fR'gJj3'. "sutsfclh aelhomukh tap tapE."-dkal. 'The moon keeps its face down while meditating.' 1[3' lJm:li [sut surdjJ Karan, son of the sun. 2 Yam. See t1lJ3'. '8'3U [sutdh] Skt~ part spontaneous, instinctive. 1j3clfHQ [sutdhsIdhl, Jj3<Jfi:l'q [sutahsIdelh] adj happening by itself, requiring no proof other than itself. "sutdhsIdh rup elhdrIO sahdn kE sah jiU."~sdvye m 4 ke. H~ [sutkauI], H~~ [sutkaulkali] 11 Brahma, born out ofthe lotus bud; son oflotus. "tIhko lakh kE upma bhagvan brE jIh ki sutkaulkali."- kr I Sdl1. H ~ [sutgac;lka] 17 small round stone, so formed in the rivulet Gandka. See ~ .
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"pUjE h2Jm tumE. nahI pujE sugac;ika."
-krIsan.
B~ lsutbhail 11 nephevv. "ko beli nahi put
lJ~
lJ3TlJ3" rsutasutl daughter's son, grandson. lJ3T t:TO [sutadan] entrusting one's daughter
to the bridegroom.
kutab sutbhai. "-suhi chat 111 -I. [sutbhan], lJ~ fsutbhanul 11 Yam; Dharamraj, who is mentioned as the sun's son. "nam sune sutbhanu c;i2JrY2Ju. "-savcye 111 4 ke. 2 Saturn, born from the womb ofChhaya,
lJ3'O [sutar] short form for~. 2 someone 8dept ill swimming: a good swimmer. 3 SkI
one having beautiful pupils of the eyes.
lJ"3'fu Isutarrl!1 B-"301 a fine boat. "gurmukhr

sac sutarr"-sri m 1.
lJ~ [sutiksal).] very sharp, very fast.
is the son of the sun. "yuddh some sutbhaDu m2Jno S2JSI ke S2Jb tuk jude kJr c;iare."-cadi J. 'Saturn had a fight with the moon over Jupiter's wife Tara.' 3 See~. 4 Sugreev. lJ3Q [sut2Jr] SkI adjwhich can be swum across. a camel, dromedary. See ~. lJ~ [sut2Jn.1alJ. lj3d(')tfMcx i [sutJmalrka]
2 See
~.
B3lcr Isutikh] Skr
17
hermit Agasty, who I ived
III
a sage, brother of the Dandak forest.
2P
11
Ram Chandar visited his hermitage. "tuhi ram rupa sutikha udhare.'-GV 6. 2 See ~.
11
a gun carried over, and fired from, the back

of a camel; a light cannon. "sutarnal ghurnal
lJ [sutun] See ~. lJ3- [sutel, c8 [SUb::], ~ [sutEslddh] See

"l]3"U
and
"l]3"Uft:fcr.
bhJn."-sanan1a. lJ3Q 1.:f"ijOf [sutor murag]
-NP 2
ostrich. 17 a bird resembling a camel found mainly in Africa. It cannot fly with its wings but can
Pi; }-
c8
"SUtE krrty ko kdr2Jt nIsak." also means "to sleep." "jltU sute
111
tanu piriE. "-sri
1.
lJ~ [sutatdr], ~ [sutatr] Sec ~. 2 B-
3';:r a magical or mystical formula for the
run very fast with their help. Its feathers arc expensive and traded in Europe. The length of an ostrich's spread wings extends from twelve to fourteen feet. It lays six to fourteen eggs and its offspring are hatched in forty two days. 1]"301 [sutri] adj relating to a camcl. 2 camel coloured. 3 a big drum carried over a camel. "sutri nI:;>an magaro."--GV 6. 4 17 a kettledrum. "sutri bajat."-GPS. 5 :-,'kr B-3G'T. a beautiful boat, fine boat. 1]3"M" [sutal] SkI 11 he II. Sec Ffl.B l..f'3TC? B3"ST [sutra], 1J3;fl" [sutri] adj asleep. "sutri so sahu c;ilthu."--var miJrU 111 5. 2 lost in sleep of ignorance. "sutre asakh mara jhuthi kan.1e."-scH-a 111 5. lJ3T [suta] 17 presence ofmind, a\\areness. 2 SkI daughter. 3 adjasleep. "jrs tc suta nanka jagae soi."--asa a 111 J.
B3"H
worship of gods. See 3'::r. [suttam] adj excellently superbly. "anat gyan suttama'-gyall. 2 See t:f3}{. ful breasts.
1]t!7i1 [suthni] Sec cfBC:. 2 (one) \\ ho has beautiJ.rERf [suth2Jr] adja beautiful place; an excellent spot. 2 ~ stable, firm. "suthof CIt bhdgtan In t. "~s"vcve m -I ke. lJ"EfOT lsuthra] ildj BI'f'Q clean, pure. "tatha sostdra suthrc sdl11udac."--GPS. 2 a metre. See FRfFft. 3 Sec ~FfTU. i]EfdT Isuthri] See J]3"d1. 2 femi nine of CJ130T I.
3 a female member of the Suthra faith.
lJ~F.f'U Isuthrc~ahl, B~WUT [suthfe~ahi] [n
the house of Nanda Khatri, a resident of Brampur village ncar Baramula, was born in 1672 a child with teeth. He was abandoned as the astrologers declared him ill-omened. While conlIng back from Kashmir. Gun:
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Hargobind took norice of the child. The Guru took pity on him, brought him up with care and named him Suthra, who in return became a great devotee of the Guru and served Guru Har Rai as well. He was a great merry-maker. Several of his humorous stories are world famous. He got an order from the emperors of Delhi to collect money from shops. His sect is known as Suthreshahi. Most of' those belonging to this sect have nO\\ forgotten the Sikh tenets. They ask for money from shops by beating bamboo-sticks. Some times they use filthy language, while at other moments they blacken their faces in protest. ~ [suthal], JjEI"ffi [suthli], JjE~ [suthau], 1JB17l Isuthan] ad} a beautiful place; an excellent spot. 2 11 an assoc i31tion of the sages. "suthau S;)CU luanu nIr111al hOI."-gau 1113. tp::rfu- [suthalu] in the best place. "bFSI suthanI kaha gun tere."'-mdla 111 1. J]WQ [suthanu] See 1'fEP7'i. J]"f'Ero [sutlur] ad} fully stable, immovable. BB<!" [sutthal!], BU7l [sutthan] 17 trousers worn by wonwn; a salwar. Ht! [~udl P .;..b occurred, happened. See J]""t?). Fjt! [sOd] Skt ~;=-~ 11 Vishnu. 2 son of Nisund, brother of U psund, a demon. See llil rBt!. B'~ [sudk~I1!], B'tf1::f7l [sudakkhanl See
lJ~.
[sudacchan] Skt ~ ad} vee)! clever, highly intelligent. 211 son ofPondrak, king of Kashi, who had a fight with Krishan. "kasi ke bhup ko put sudacchan ta man me alI krodh b;)qhayo."-knsan. 1 See ~3" Fl'Chr 10, Ch 66. Ht:?> [:;;udan] P (;}.J. to be. Ht!<'ft [~udni] P likely (event); inevitable. l}t! -g-t! [sud bud] Sce J]'Q" 'U 3 and J.. B-t:'B" [sCK1Jr] SA1 ad) beautiful, handsorne. "sOdar catur tat ka beta. "--sukl1111dni. 2 11 Kamdcv
J.-0
(god of love). 3 a great grandson of Guru Amar Dev, whose composition "sddu" is in ramkaE rag. ""kahE sL'daT sUl;-hu sat-hu sabh jagat pEri paI jiu."-sddu. "nadan mohri nam anad, tIh nadan sOdar matIvad.":-GPs. 4 a great saintly disciple of Dadu ji, born in village Dayosa (Jaipur state) in i 653 and died in 1746 at Singaner. four kilometer south of Jaipur. Sundar Vilas, Gyan Samudar and Sakhi are several of his available writings. Here is a poem of his: kamIni ki deh atI kalnye saghan van uha sutJ jaI kou bhulkE parat hE, kGjar hE gat I katI kehan ki bhay yame beni kari naganI si phal.l ko dhapt hE, kuc hE pahar jaha kamcor bEtho, tahasadh kE katach baD pTal! ko harat hE, sOdar kahat ek Jf dtI bhay tame rakhsi vadan khav khavhi karat hE. saco upde$ det bhali bhd1li sikh det, samta subuddlu det kumatI hant hE, marag d:ckhaI def bhavhu bhagatI det, prem ki pratit det abhra bharat hE, gyan det dhyan det atamvIcar det, brahm ko bataI clet brahm me cardt hE, sOdar kahat jag S~)t kachu det nahi, sat jan nIsI dTn deboi karat hE. S a fisherman, and competent devotee of Guru Aljan Dev. 6 a disciple of Guru Hargobind, resident of Burhanpur. 7 a Chadha of Agra, devoted to Guru Hargobind Sahib. 8 See~iaft tT ~1..f 4 (d). 9 a Brahman poet of Gwalior in the royal COlll1 of emperor Shahjahan. ~ [sudarsan] Skt JjtF.fo ad} having attractive, channing demeanour. 2 11 the wheel of Vishnu." It is narrated in Vishnu Puran that Vishnu made this wheel from the crust of the lathed sun. In Ling Puran it is written that Vishnu
')-~3".~.
'Sec. visnu F'ur,ll1 Part 3. eh 2.
'Sec. VIsnu pural.\ Part 3. eh 2.
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obtained this wheel by worshipping Shiv. 3 a brahman, who changed into a snake due to the curse of sage Atris's son. Krishan liberated him from the snake's form. "brahman hoy gayo su vahE phun nam sudar;;an hE pun jako."-knsan. 4 Shiv. 5 a milter. 6 Sumer mountain. lJ~ ~"ij(!" [sudar;;an curaD] To make this curilD, the following fifty two medicines are taken in equal measure along with half the weight of caraIta and pounded together into a very fine powder: hilrar, bahera, aula, haldi (turmeric), daruhaldi, choti katcli, vadi katcli, bcur, sO<;1h (dry ginger), kali mIrac (pepper), magh pIppal, pIppalamul, murva, galoI, dhamasa, karu, pIttpapra, nagarmotha, traymaJ".l, netrbala, nfm di clull (bark of marosa tree), puhkar mul, malatthi, kura di chIll, ajvam (seeds of thyme), fdar jS, bharagi, suhajaJ".le de bij, phatkari (alum), bac, dalcini (seeds of moringa), padmakh, cadan (sandal wood), atis, kharEhti, ;;alparDi, pn;;thparJ:ti, baIbarfg, tagar, CItte di chIll, devdaru (cidar), cay, patolpatr, jivak, n;;hak, ISg (clove), va;;locan, CItta kamal, kakoli, patraj, javItri (nutmeg), and talispat. If taken in the morning with cold water, disorders resulting from wind, bile, phlegm, fluctuating fever, general fever, hallucination, thirst, cough, anaemia, cardiac, joint pains (arthritis) etc. get cured. 1ji!<:JF.l(')1 [sudar;;ana] daughter of Duryodhan. 2 beautiful, attractive. ~ ~ [sOdar :;;ah] a resident of Kiratpur and follower of Guru Hargobind, and disciple/ pupil of Sai Buddan Shah and friend of Bhai BidhiChand. He lived in Sasranv and Deu Nagar with his disciples. ~ ~ [sOdar sohl~a] adj happy and beautiful. "sei sOdar solwe."-majh am 5. See~. ~ rf::r lfTl::lO "& [sOdarti atI makhiln ko]
-knsan. This version has been rendered corrupt by some ignorant scribe. The correct rendering is like this :- "janu sOdarta atImanukh ko sab dhaI dhasi han ke nag m"E."-lJ8. 'Beauty has fully entered into the invaluable body of Hari, the super human.'
See~.
~ -erR" [sOdar das] See
Bto
4.
~ [sOdrai] n beauty, charm, prettiness.
Eftfu
[sOdan] See FWlit (24). 2 See ~. "sOd an SaT sarupI bIckhaDI."--tIl.'Jg m 1. ~ [sOdri] See FWlit (16). 2 According to Pingal, a poetic metre comprising twelve characters. Each line has four feet: naga!:t, bhagaD, bhaga!:t, and ragaD. It is also known as drutvIlabIta. Example: dukhbhari jag asan tyagri, jap hari gurupadan lagri.... (b) modak metre used in Ramchandarika is also named thus. Example: raj tajyo dhan dham tajyo sab, nan taji sut ;;oc tajyo sab, apanpJ ju tajyo jagbad-hI, saty na ek tajyo han cad-hI. This poetic form is to be seen in the second chapter of Ramavtar in Dasam Granth. Example: supnakha Ih bhat suni jab, dhay cali aVIlab tnya tab, kam sarup kalevar janIy, rup anup tIIm pur manIY. (c) There is another poetic form of this metre used in the second chapter of Ramavtar of Dasam Granth. Each Iine contains sixteen matras, the last three being magaJ".l. Example: bhat hOke dhoke bakare, ra!~ bajje gajje naggare,
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r,,)I! hull bIola hullala, include a sword (t<llvar), a broad sword c;lh<llh<llla c;lhala ucchala. (khac;la), a dagger (khaj<lr) and two dirks 3 wood, found in Sundar Ban. which is very (btar) See fti'ffi. flexible. Carriage-springs are made from it. ~ [suda] See ~ 4.2 See Bt!!". 3 Bt!f, past tense ofJj?). L Heretiera minora. 4 See crtm W~3"r. 5 adj beautiful, pretty. Jj~ [sudai] adj eccentric, obstinate. See lj-em 1-fT3T [sOdri mata] daughter of Khatri Ram ~~. Saran Kumrav, resident of Lahore, 'who was 'ljt!TORf [sudag<lr] See ~dlO. married to Guru Gobind Singh on 7 th of JjB"'Hfo [sudam<lnI) Skt H~ n lightning, Vaisakh in 1741. Shahjada Aj it Singh was that is believed to have originated from born from her womb. mountain Sudama. "SUdam<lnI jdYO durga After the demise: of Guru Gobind Singh, ddmkE."-c5di 1. 2 related to a cloud. her writ ran large over the Sikh community.1 B"t!TW [sudama] Skt~,a poor Brahman who Bhai Mani Singh was appointed as was a school mate friend of Krishan. Egged Harimandir Sahib's Granthi by her and was on by his wife, he went to Dvarka to meet Krishan "dalddbhaj sudame mIlIO."-maru sent to Amritsar. The last days of her life were spent in Delhi though for some time she lived m 5. "bIp sudama da1di."-BG He is also in Mathura also, where her haveli can still be known as Shri Dam in Bhagvat, See Sakandh 10, Ch 80, 81. 2 2 a poet, resident of seen. Two villages of Jaipur state were gifted Bundelkhand who for some time was a poet to her as fiefdom during that period. Mataji came back to Delhi in Sammat 1804, where in the court of Guru Gobind Singh. Such is she breathed her last. Her haveli is one and a his composition: ekE sagI pdc;lhe hE dvatIka sadipmi ke, half mile away from Gurdwara Sisganj, soi suclh ai to bulaI bujhi bama mE, outside the Turkman gate. pOgiphal hot tJ dsis deto nath ji ko, While departing from Abichalnagar the tenth Guru had handed over his weapons to tadul1e dine badh line phdte jama mE, dindya1u sunkE ddya1u d<lrbar mIle, Mata Sahib Kaur which she handed over to Mata Sundri at the time of her demi:,e. While eto kuch dino pai <lg<lnIt sarna mE, pritT kdr janE guru gobfd kE manE tate breathing her last, Mata Sundri handed over these weapons to her servant J ivan Singh and vahi tU gobfd v<lhi bamh<ln sudama mE. asked him to keep them with reverence. These 3 a cloud. 4 an ocean. 5 Airawat, the elephant. 6 Indar. 7 a crystal-hill which according to weapons were reverently kept in the houses of Jivan Singh's son, Bakhtavar Singh- his the Purans, produced lightning. 8 adj generous. son, Mitthu Singh-- his son Seva Singh, his son Bhan Singh. Atma Singh the adopted son ~ [sudamapuri] See footnote to 'lj'"lW I. of Bhai Bhan Singh installed these weapons Bfu [SUdI] Skt ~ the short for"lJ'Cffi" fur> bright half of the lunar month. in gurdwara Rakabganj as per the wishes of the Sikh community. These weapons 'IJ"fuo [sudm] adj good (day), auspicious, nice.
lIn many gurdwaras in the eastern part of the country, her hukamnamas (edicts) are available. 'The old name of Porbander in Kathiavar was Sudamapuri.
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lJtft [sudi] See Jjfu.

~ [sudes] aeijexcellent cOlintry. 2 relating to
lJ"QO}fT [sudharmi], lJ"GWfl'"';:)r fsudharmira] aciJ
a fine country. "sudes kavy bhakh h1'."braham. 3 one's own country. "h;myo SrdVdl) tdV sut sudes."-ral11i1v. lJFm [sudesi] mh' early in the morning. 2 aeij pertaining to one's own country, native. lJFu [sudeh] II a good body: a human body. 2 a healthy body. lJ\!tiT [sudehi] See lJ~u. 2 ~,~ffi;\ adj having a healthy body. HBr [sudda] A o:;,}-II a blockage formed by scum in the intestine: scybalum. 1J~ [sudr] See~. "clutI bhdi sudr."-kalki. lJtl [sudh] 11 nevvs. report. 2 consciousness, understanding. "sudh jab te ham dhari." -C;,}rItr 22 3 Btl aeijclean, pure. "tdb hoe mdn slldh parani."-ra111 111 5. 4 innocent. "sudhu bhdtaru harr cho<;1 I a."--var suhi 111 3. 5 genuine, unalloyed. 6 This word is also IIsed for nectar (J]tlT), ambrosia. See J]LRfR". 7 Skr VI' to be pure: to be sacred. 1]Q"~ [sudh budh], cm~ [sudh budllI] consciousness. 2 refined mind, true knowledge. 3 P ~~}. residual effect of some learning/knowledge. 4 distinction between refinement and knowledge i.e. a little knowledge of Persian. lJt.I5'O'O [sudhbhdtar] aeij husband. "sudhbhLltar hdrr ch0l1Ia."-var suhi 111 3.2 a husband, who does no covet other women: a virtuous husband. lJtla11 [sudhrus] 17 ambrosia. "sudhras nam maharas mitha." -sar a 111 1. 2 genuine juice, pure juice. ~ [sudharsen] king of Bashher, who, accord ing to Janall1 Sakh i, became a follower of Guru Nanak Dev. JIT.IOW [sudharma] SktfJ,t~ IIlndar's council: assoc iation of deities. "vac sun jIn-hI sudharma lajr."-NP 2 'leij religious, devout.
who follows a supreme religion: follower of a sublime religion. "bol sudhdrmirra. mon kdt dhari rZlm?"--bIha C1121 m 5. lJW fsudha 1See BlJT. 2 Skr 11 ambrosia. 3 honey. 4 water. 5 baptism by taking ambrosia. 6 lime, qu ickl ime. 7 See 1'[lJT. "suaha sudhaya 11dmo sitley5."-c':j"ii 2. lJorET [sudhai] Ii vetting, correction. 2 wages for vetting. 1JUTFRf [sudhasar] the holy tank situated in the middle ofRamdaspur. founded by Guru Aljan Dev. "pdhuce an sudhasar sare."-GPS. See
rtlj-3FIcf.
hasi gui bhul yamdutan udasi bhai pap ki kdla si na talasi kdrc (~drke, 5uty ki ata si jaha dharam ki ghata si danpOn ki chata si soknasi din tar ke, gvalkavI khasi dhufn ved ki prakasi m;:)ha nari kamb si rup vasi mEn sari ke, kasi ki na cah avrnasi hVE m;:)vasi rah1' dasi kar rakhi mokh vasi sudhasar ke. 2 poet Gopal Singh's literary composition, which contains 26] 6 metrical stanzas of sixty em inent poets arranged according to topic. He was a courtier of Maharaja Jasvant Singh of Nabha. subos baso nabha nagar ghar ghar jaha anad. b:.idniy sabh jagat ko jayo dutrya ko cad. $ri mdt nrIp jasvat harr malvedr mahraj. sukh dE sakal pEljanko jaha kurt' hE raj. sri vrfdaban dham ko basi din navin, tahf ayo sunkf' suya$ dekhi sabha prabin. paracin kavI yukn ko nrIp bar crtt umah, paI hU1<;:)]11 yah tab kIYO gr5th "sudhasar" cah. prabhu srdln kdvIrds tdtV gdn s5bdt Sdr avrekh, urjan sukla p5cmi som 'sudhaSdr' lekh. This book was completed in 1895, Phagul1
'equal to lust
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54.3
Sudi S, Monday. as 'manobhav". It has thirty two characters sarovar] Amritsar: the Golden per line, wh ich observe the order of long, short Temple. See BLfll10 1. "sudhasarovar kar matras. It is the opposite of anag:;;khar metre. rsnan."--GPS. Example: BJ:P [sudha:;;u] SkI n the moon whose rays jac jacke aha I' nahI SOpI svaclvar carry nectar/ambrosia. 1abh hot ekvar bhukh tap ko avar, BLf'1l~ [sudhasrav] 77 the moon from which :;;En bhumI pE bano na sak SD1 ko gano oozes nectar/ambrosia. :;;arirrnatr pokhno na jobno SphEd bar. B~ [sudhahar] garur (Blue jay)., the stealer chin cir godri anek lir s6 kari of nectar or ambrosia. See ClT2";:? kari ujar jhopri adhen grath var var, 1J-qTcr [sudhak] 17 pure patis. hay hay bhogcah nahI me tdje djepr B'Ql'CJ [sudhakar] SkI 17 the moon which has mor crtt bEl ko Sdvar bEl ke savar. nectar in its rays. -\'uag ?atak. ~ [sudhakhar], UQTt@ [sudhakhaw], JjLfTl::lJlQ (b) 11 becomes "kdlaclhar" if the last short [sudhakhyar] adj pure and crystalliine, dirt matra is omitted. free and eternal. 2 17 God, the Almighty. "eku Example: suclhakharu jakE hudE vasra, trn bed-hr tatu jap tap 'log dhyan karmkaq yagy adr pachanra."-sar m 3. 3 one God '1( a sacred hoy nahI prem tuly ~?I'i guru bakhante.... character. "bujhE nahi ek sudhakhdl"U."--gau BJ:ll1.ft [sudhapii 11 deities, who drink nectar. 111 5. 4 after rectification, after vetting. "bed 2 a duly initiated Sikh who has taken amrit; puran sfmrrtr sudhakhyar, kine ram nam rk a baptised Sikh. akhyar. "--sukl1mal1i. B1Ql}f [sudham] a beautiful house: a comfortB~ [suclhm)] Sec ~. "suba!)a '3udhal)a." able residence. 2 the moon. 3 heaven, para-kalki. dise. Htr';f [sucUwtu] superior metal, gold. 2 xa iron, BurHT lsudhami] n deities, vvho live in heaven. pure Iron. 2: wife. "ap same!: sudhamic: line rup navIn." -knsa11. 'Along """,ith their wives deities have ~ [sudhaclakJ, 1~ lsudhaclrk] 11 a god, who consumes nectar. "sur suradan sudclh assumed human form.' sudhad:[k."-akal. B"qro [sudhaI'] n correction, improvement. BLl'"Q"a' [sudhadhar] 11 the moon that contains 2: ShOli form fonfIJ11fTtf'cJ'. 3 ad} which is sharp nectar. 2 See <:JlCffi". edged. Bqrq~ [sudhadhari] a baptised Sikh. 2 See 1JW OR [sudha ras] ad} the taste of nectar. 2 nectar-like elixir. 3 juice of the soma 1JUTl=Kf. Brrr<'i" [suclhan] 17 a sheath, scabbard. "jIhva creeper. sudhan khag udclh soh."--datt. 'Dati's speech Br:pc;) [sudhal], cl"tJT1')1Jf [sudhalay] 17 moon, is as effective as an unsheathed sword' i.e. which is the abode of nectar. his words are trenchant. 2IJ-QTO. fine grain, Bm [sudhr] See lfm. 2 news, information. superior food. "manE saga! bhaval). ki sudhI ."--japu. 3 power of discrimination; reasoning faculty. "tIthE 1Jl:flfufu [sudhanrclhI] 11 moon, the treasurehouse of nectar. 2 a metre that is also known ghariE sura sIdha ki sudhr."-japu.
lJW~ lsudha
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lJ/'Q'o [sudhItth], ~ [sudhIttha] Skt ~1fSc

adj very clever. 2 daring, bold, courageous, bold, undaunting. "manE ganE vag sudluttha."-BG 'He is brave who accepts Guru's will and like sugarcane bears suffering.' 3 ~ circumspect. JJt:ft [sudhi] adj"who has sharp intellect. "sudhin pan kE dharE."-blki. 'Fairies get attracted to the brilliant ones.' 2 See ~ and tJTtTa9" 2 (a). 3 See Bm. 'fflJ [sudhu] See J3LT and BU". "sudhu na hoiE kahu jatna."-sor m 5. 'fflJ oflB" [sudhu kiee] do the correction; remove the error; Guru Arjan Dev's command to Bhai Gurdas at the end of second Gauri Var in Guru Granth Sahib to make the necessary correction after observing the text minutely. IjQIj [sudhosu] corrected, rectified. 2 vetted/ rectified by him. "ja sudhosu til lahIJ.:ta tIkIonu."-var ram 3. 'Ij'"ti'crr [sudh;'ig] BU"-nm (n?ar) After verification Guru Arjan Dev certified that the total number of shabads was correct. See FOUlth Master's hymn under Asa Rag. "hau andInu harInamu kirtan karau." 2 adj with a correct vowel. "sarJg toc;li bIbhas sudhJg."-~s,:.J1oh 3 a straight form, right manner. "kab-hu ealat sudh;'ig gatI."-sur sagar. Bn [suddh] Skt ~ adj pious, chaste, innocent. 2 11 rock salt. 3 a 'rag' having no concern with any other' rags'; an independent' rag.' 4 See BU"~. Bn 1jQ [suddh sur] See BU" ~. Bn iter [suddh sekh] a descendant of Hajrat Ali, born from the womb of Bibi Phatima. "kahO suddh sakh;'i kahu braham dharmJ." -aka 1. See iter. B'n 1fo [~uddh savar] Pure notes are those sounds which earl iest musicians forged from J/the sounds of living beings - in the sharp,
medium and descending rIkhabh, gadhar, dhrvat and nIkhad. These five notes were set up to forge new forms of rags. Bilaval rag has all pure notes. For its distinctive formulation, See ~ and ore. ~ [suddhga] See ~l.jT 2. B'mr [suddhar] 1J-~ a grand sacrificial ritual. "taj juddh su suddhar meghdhara:t:t." -ramav. 'Meghnad abondoned the fight to perform the sacrificial ritual.' See 'f7ict~. 'ffqr [suddha] adj assumed nicely; perfectly held. 2 adv alongwith, accompanied by as 'mdlai suddha duddh.' Bfu' [$uddhI]' Jjm [~uddhi] Skt ~ 11 purity, cleanliness. 2 the act of sanctifying a fallen man. 3 goddess; Durga. Blr [suddhu] See Rl]. 2 a Sikh potter Budhu's father. See iII. 3 Some writers have written 'suddhu' for 'sadhu' who was Bhai Rup Chand's father. See ~t!"~. ~ [$uddhod;m] See~. 2 B'n-mpure-food; boiled rice. 1.fO [sun] SkI ~. listen, hear. 2 Skt 'Iff, vr to go. 3 Skt lj7i" 11 a dog. 4 Skt a sound. See Bo 9. Eo [sOn] Skt lJ7iJ1 adj uninhabited, empty. 2 numb, inane. "dItti bag nImaj kar sOn saman hoa jahana."-BG 3 11 zero, cipher. "nau Jg nil ~mil sOn. "-BG 'A zero suggests inexhaustible numbers when used with nine digits.' 4 the Sky. "sOn-hI sCm mIlIa."-maru kabir. 'Brahma (God) encountered jivatma (spirit). 5 Brahm transcending the universe. "ghatI ghatI sOn ka jal:tE bheu."-sIdhgosatI. 6 nature; illusion, it being empty without God's will. "sOn-hu dharatI akas upae." -maru solhe m 1. 7 numbness, inertia. "mIti sOn eetanta pai."-saloh 8 that stage of total doom when there was absolutely no creation. "sOne varte jag sabae."--marll solhe. 9 Skt 1f'i
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sound, noise. word. "sOn samadhI dOll taln nahi."--g;:JU kabir. 'Neither noise nor contemplation is there.' "anhat sOn kaha te hoi? ."-sIdhgosatI In Punjabi, [v] attached to a character becomes Obi [u]. Words like~, FJll7), ~, FJO, JTO, 1fW, ~, ;~, vfo become 'l'iflJ, i]1..fc'iT, ~, J]a', J]1>fT?i, WffTW, ~, ~. 1$ etc. i]?lEt [sunai] Iistens, hears. "nam na sunai cj.ora."--asa m 5. ~ [sundial adj who listens. 2 See ~. ~[sOnsamadh::]absolute contemplation, contemplation free from idea/concept. See rR1jCJTJlT3' RWfu. "sOn sarnadhI anhat tah nad."-sukhmalli. 2: a state of nature's total absorption by the Almighty. 3 state of noise and contemplation . See B71 9. ~ [sOnsamadhi] See 1.foFlH'1'b'. 2 adj a contemplative in wordless state. "sargun nIrgun nIr;'lkar sOnsamadhi apI."--sukhmani. 8(')Hdii;d [sOnsarovar] n the tenth open ing., the highest state. 2 the state of salvation. ~m [sOnsarovarr] in the highest state. "sOn sarovarr pav-hu sukh. "-gem thrti k2bir. See B71 'l3o-uihr [;;un2h;;ep], ~ [;;unah;;eph] one, who has penis like that of a dog; a hermit, son ofAjigarat. The tale told in Aitreybrahaman is that king Harish Chandar had no issue. He vowed that if blessed with a child, he would offer him to Varun (god of water). He was blessed with a son who was named Rohit. As per the vow, the king wanted to sacrifice his son to Varun but his son did not agree and ran away, For six years, he lived in lthe forest where he met a poor Brahman, Aj igarat, who struck a deal with him, and purchased his son Shunehsheph by paying him hundred cows as the price to die in his place. 'larun too accepted this exchange. But at the time of
m?O.
sacrifice he saved his life by chanting hymns in Varun's praise and reached Vishvamitar's place. The Ramayan narrates this story differently. Ambrish, the king of Ayodhya was about to offer for sacrifice an animal when it was stolen away by Indar. The family priest ordained at that time that a substitute human sacrifice was imperative. After a long search, a Brahaman named Richik was found., whose younger son was Shunahsheph. With the willingness of his son, the seer sold off his son for one lakh cows, one crore gold coins and many more omaments. Shunahsheph's matemal uncle gave him two hymns in lndar's praise which were to be chanted at the time of immolation. He chanted the two hymns. Indar was very much pleased and blessed him with long life. Seven couplets given in Rigved (scripture) appear under Shunahsheph's name. l ljofu'd'r [sunahIra] adj golden. 2 gold coated. 3 n xa a mortar. 4 a vessel, usually of iron, in which nectar (mmit) is prepared. ~ [sunahIri] adj gold coated. 2 of gold. 3 golden. 4 n a small mortar. 5 See~. ~ [sunahnia] adj golden. 2 who has a golden mortar. 3 Those getting baptized from the same vessel are called 'sunalnrie bhai'. ~ ~ [sundhIria bhai] See ~ 3. ffoq:rw [sOn gupha] n the ultimate spiritual stage. 2 conscience without concept. "sOngupha mahI asalfU bEsaDu."-g2u k2bir. '!J'O<!' [SUnd:r:tl, ~ [sul1Da],'~ [sunaDu] Skt~. "e sravanhu men:ho ! saCE sunDE no pathae." -2nadu. "sravDi sunDa gurnau."-var guj 2 m 5. "vekhal) sunal)U na hOI."-sri var m 3. Bo3' [sOnat] A ~ n a ritual, tradition. 2 According to Islam, all actions prophet
ISee. Rigved MandaI] mantar 24, 25,27 and MandaI 5 mantar 2.
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Muhammad performed to teach his followers arc customary sundt for Muslims. Muhammad's conduct is sOndt for Muslims in general. People consider Khatna as sOnat because it also figures in their tradition (maryada) . Although Khatna is not allowed in the Quran but Muhammad's circumcision was done according to the convcntion initiated by Ibrahim, See ~ . The con venti on 0 f perm iss ion for circumcision is also mentioned in the Bible. See Genesis Ch 17 and Joshua Ch 5. lJ()3T [sunta] ad) hearer, listener. 2 listens, hears.
1J~
[sunval p
J~
listener, hearer its root is
Bi'i'tto.
Bor
[sOnaJ adj uninhabited, isolated. empty
13~ [sunaul:til See~. ~ [sunasir] Skr '!]Ol~ 17 two deities of
farmers who lay claim on plough and plough pin. 2 Skr ~Oll-AR. whose front army is superb; lndar. the supreme god. "sunasir 1akh SUll nrs5ka, mrlyo aha1ya ko bhar 5ka."-NP.
~ [sOnahar] ael) the Almighty. "vartra
sOnahar."--var bIha m 4. 13('j'T(j]O [sunagar] ad) gentle/noble (citizen). 2 shrewd. 3 Dhanvantri. "sunagar nadice nath5" -dhand trIl()c;~11.
~
B'ofu [sOnatI] See B7J3". "saram sOnatI sil roja."

--var ma)h m 1. "sundtI si1b5dhan barel." -marL! solhe m 5. 'Celibacy is a supreme circumcision. 1303- [sunt] listencr, hearer. "suntE sun I manI basa I a." -ram kabir. 13om:!T [sunth;)i] listens, hears. "hangUl) akath sunthai."-kali m 4. ~ [sCmmasOn] ad) complete nothingness;
absolutle void. 2
11
[sunabh] ad) having a beautiful navel. 2 11 Sudarshan Chakar (Krishan's wheel). 3 Menak mountain. 4 a son of Garurh. Sunam proper is its tehsil and police station.
137i'H [sunam] an old city of Patiala state.

i\ historic gurdwara or Guru Nanak Dev is
situated in the 1110halla thus named. The Guru graced this place by halting outside the city. Lahre Khatris of the city waited on the Guru and brought him to their house, where at present a gurdwara stands. The place ,vhere the Guru stayed outside the city is not known. A big, beautiful gurdwara \vas built in Samlllat 1976. Captain Ram Singh rendered most of the service. SUl1am is a railway station on Dhuri Jakhal line. 2 ad) excellent name. 3 glory, repute.
EJ?i"Q [sunarJ See ~. 2 13 (beautiful) mJ
the Almighty having no
desire for possession; the eternal Spirit. "tnbhav;:n) sOnmasOii."-sIdhgos;JtI. Bo1:fo [sOnmOn] ael) inanimate, senseless. "sOnmOn nagri bhdi."-BG 2 nothingness and silence; motionless and vioceless.
B'o 'i-fm;)
[sOn maqa1]
11
the ultimate spiritual
stage. 2 conscience sans concept. 3 a sol itary place. "sOn maqal Iku jogi bc:se."--dhcma ;:; 111 1. lJ?iliIi'iT [sundyna] Skr ael)having beautiful eyes. 2 n king Janak's wife who reared Sita. 'l.f<"iO [sundr] ad)gentle, noble. 2 great (warrior), brave (kn ight). "khal da1 d;)ln ta sunar sahi." -gyal1. 311 Aljun ~ [~unvdd] P listens, may listen, will listen. See B7il't7i.
(neck); translation of '~.' 3 SkI a bitch's milk. 4 a snake's egg. ~ [sunara] See ~. 2 an attractive trouser-stri ng.
B<'>"'fu
[sunarr], ~ [sunariJ adj superb (woman). 2 murderous (lady). "katari
SUncHl.-ra111a If.
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news, report. 2 sad news especiallY that of a relative's demise. "jdhi bhf jat sunavni pit-hi mIl nilri."GPS J]fo [sunIl isolated, barren. "tuhi gau tuhi sunr."--gcw m 5.village and forest.' 2 by hearing, through listening. "sunI sunI namu tuharo jio."-I1di m 5. 3 SeelJ"XT. F.ffi'> [SClIU] united with God. immersed in the Divine. "maIa phas b3dh naIti phare aru man sunI na lukc"-asa kdbir. ~ [sunIar] Skt cr~~. 71 a goldsmith. JIfcf3" [sunft] adj listener, hearer. 2 daily. 3 B-f03Jf one who controls his sensual impulses. "sunft hE."-japu [sunfdil] ad} who listens. ":r~lg rag ke sunfda."-g},-an. 1: praise showered in the guise of slander. See ~ F~ F~. JJo1 [:;;uni] Skt 71 a bitch. Ho1 [sunil 71 a snout. 2 A J:: A Sunni is he. who adopts the line of successive Caliphs. The Sunnis believe in the four Imams who appeared at successive stages. ordained by Mohammad. I-1ajrat Ali in their view., die! not contribute anything in this regard. Their four t~lmous Imams are: I Abuhnifa, son ofSabaL born in I-1ijri 80 in Kupha and died in I-1ijri ! 50 in Baghdad. He was a famous logician. 2 Shaft Muhammad lban ldris Shafai. born in Askalan in 150 I-lijri and died in Cairo, capital of Egypt in 205 HUri. 3 Malik Imam Abu Abdulla Malik. a great ascetic scholar, born in Hijri 94 at Madina and died there in 179 Hijri. 4 Ahmad Iban Hambal was born in Baghdad in Hijri (era) 164 and died there in Hijri 24 I. A great scholar who preached Islam the most. The four paths shown by these Imams are known as Hanfi, Shafai. Maliki. and HUl11bali.
11
~ri')~ [sunavni]
They are also pronounced as hanfiyah, :;;afiyah, malIkiyah and h;)bliyah. Bhai Gurdas called these sects of Muslims as four religions. "car vard!) car mClj-haba jag VIC hfclu musalma!)e." The Sunnis out number the Shias in the world. See fuRwH ~
fu"cr&.
~ [suniar]
n an ear., meant for hearing.
See BC:'tnRr. 2 While travelling through Malva, after leaving Jaito, Guru Gobind Singh graced village Suniar. "suniar gram bIlok sathan, utre hay te tahf gunkhan."
crmtr
-GPS. JIC'fu:lT [sunija] heard. 2 worth hearing. B?i'tfu [sunitI] adj best policy. 2 Dhruv's
mother and Uttanpad's wife. J,)'; heard. ~ [:;;unidan] P (;)~ to hear. listen. B"~ [:;;unidam] P (~; I heard. "sunidam sIphat baq su diclan caha."-GPs. cr?i'tc? [sunil] adj azure. "leI anil-lu, kI sunilhr."-gyan. Fa [sCmu] See 137). JIiltJT [suneha] 11 an aiTectionate message. ~ [sun2ya] adjvdlO listens. 2 n gold currency: a gold coin. "k:>qa pEsa ,upEya sunEya ko banaj karE. "-BGK. Btt: [sunad] Skt 11 Balbhadra's pestle. 2 adj
JJ?ffi:!' [:;;unid] P
loyal (son). 3 pleasurable. ffi';3" [sunnat] See 137i3". [sunni] See 13'01JIl.rtr [supac] Skt FJLftf 11 a base person (c2iqal) who cooks and eats dog's meat. "supac tulI sa manI."--keda r2vIdas. 2 a child born of a low caste Hi neI u (vqya) girl from an untouchable's semen. JI~ [supacaro] a base person who cooks dog's meat. "balmik supacaro tarIo."-maru m5. See~ 2. Btf5" [sup;)Cch] one having beautiful feathers.
tro1
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2 See R116 lJ1.I3" [supat] Skt"'Pi. adj asleep. "sukh 56 supat srgh cheryo tE karal kO."-GPs. 2 See 1J1-[f3". lJtr3?i't [supdtni] Skt lJ~ adj noble (wife), devoted (wife). See l..I37i1. l]l.rl3" [supdtr] adj perfect (husband), devoted (husband). Except his wife, he who regards other women as his mother, sisters or daughters. 2 Skt ~ n he, who rides 1ff( dog). "supatr mE mdhes jot teriE jagat hE." -knsan. 3 Skt ~ 11 sleeping. 4 slumber. lJl1a-z;) [supattd!] adj having beautiful leaves. 1J1.fa'r [supatta] adjreputed, honourable, noble. lJlfEf [supath] adj a right path, noble path. 3 a level road. 1J1.R) [supan], 'J.JlffiT [supna] Skt~. See vr ~ J1 sleep, slumber. 2 to sleep. "jagan te supna bhala."-bIla m 5. 3 dreaming stage, in between sound sleep and waking state in which things/objects look real as ordained by belief in old traditions. "mrIgtrIsna aru supanmanordth."-sor m 5. In several faiths, good and bad rewards of dreams are mentioned but Sikhism does not believe in this; i.e., "supne seti crtu murakhr lara." -var jEt. "supan ki bat suni pekhi supna." -kan m 5. See~. 4 the world. "jrs ka raj trsE ka supna."--gau m 5. lJl.ffi'> [supdnrl in sleep. "supdnr rk partdkhr rku."-savEye m 3 ke. }JlRf3fa' [supn;'ltClrI] asleep. "to kara rClhiahr supnatdrI."-gau m 1. i.e. 'remained in idle sleep.' "d;na dhdrdmll aru gur ki seva e supn;'ltarr nahi."-ram kabir. lJtri'f32 [supn;'ltaru] Skt ~ dream figuring in a dream, pervasive illusion. "supn;'ltdru sasaro."-vaQ m 1 alahaI).ia. 2 unreal, dreamlike. ~ [supdrdD] Skt lJld adj having beautiful feathers. 2 having lovely leaves. 3 J1 a blue
jay. 4 a mango. See l.Rl'C:. lJ1..RJ'QT [sup d rd ha] See J1l.I'OLlT. lJ~ [sllpClrbaD] adj nice example, superb proof. 2 See ~. ~ [sllpClrv;m] Skt ~,n a deity having an elegant body. 2 one having excellent body parts. 3 an arrow. 4 a bamboo with beautiful nodes. ~ [suparvaD] See ~ . 2 an excellent example. lJ1..f1'q [supatr] adj fine pot. 2 fully deserving. 1J1..P?l [supan] a ladder, See~. "brrd manrn jat bani sllpan."-NP 'ladders embedded with gems. lJtrrfuH [suparrsl See FRG'FdH. ~ [supari] n beta nut, aroca nut. L Aroca Catechu. Its effect is dry and cold. It cures disorders of the mouth and strengthens teeth and thickens semen. The extract of its flowers, duly boiled, is very effective in curing diarrhoea of the infants. Eating beta nut along with betal-Ieaf is quite prevalent in India. "pan supari khatia."-tIlag m 4. ffi:B [suputl, ~ [suputrl adjnoble son, dutiful son, devoted son. lJld'm!' [supllrad] See ~ . lJV3' [suput] See ~. lJV~ [supurJ Skt n the 'bijora' plant and its fruit, See~. 2 brimful; full to the brim; overflowing. lJitt!' [suped] P ~ adjwhite, milky, fair. "koi 04hE nil koi saped."-ram m 5. "rah hovanr kalia supeda se v;'ln."-var suhi m 1. 'Noble persons remain so even in adverse circumstances as white objects remain the same inspite of the dark night.' ~ [supeda] J1 a white substance like orpiment (hartal) employed in vetting writings or is used by painters. 2 an oxide of lead used in paints; white lead. 3 eucalyptus, a very tall
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and straight tree. It gets its name from its white bark. Beautiful eucalyptus trees are found in Kashmir, especially on both sides of the road near Srinagar; white poplar. 4 th~ white margin outside the inscription, around the four sides of a writing. "garyo supeda kagaj jOT.' -GPS. ~ [suped] P J ~~ 11 whiteness. "rata pmaI).u manu rata, supedi satu danu."--sri m 1. 'Wearing white garb is the symbol of truth and charity.' lJ1i [supt] See 1Jl-f3'. [suptI] See J]l.f8 3 and 4. lJ1Jrno [suprasfn], lJ1.Ffo rsupras~'in], B1JHa [suparsanu] Skt~~ adj delighted, cheerful, very happy. "sat suprasan ae vas I p'ica. "-gau 111 5. "guru jrn kau su prasanu."-SaVEye In 4 ke. 2 pure, transparent. 3 n Kuber's son. lJ1J~ [suprabha] 11 glow, lustre. 2 glory. 3 ad) superb, radiant. Bi1:rfT [suprra], BflJW [suprrya] a metre, also known as 'c;lrlla', employing four lines, each line having sixteen matras, with SII in the end. Example: kahO bhat mrl mukh mar (Karat, kahO bhat bhaj pukarat arat, ketak jodh phrrE relI). gahat.. ketak jujh baragan bayahat.-kdlki. 2 wife. 3 adj very dear, darling. lJ~ [sufatan] P l~ v to thread, 1:0 pierce. ~ [sufatni] P J~ adj worthy of threading. lJG7i [suphan], lJGi)T [suphna] Seec[l..f7iT ~ [suphal],~) [suphalu] adj fime result. "kaVI ta kusurn praphulI hi sup hal arath srnuday."-NP 2 good result. 3 :mccessful. "suphalu janarnu nanak tab hua."---znarll m 9. 13~ [~upha] A ..$~ neigbhourhood, vicinity. 2 See J1GT 5. lJG'fa1;r (supharr~] See ~ftn::r. lj'fur' [sOphra] Skt ~ carefulness, smartness.
lJi\f
2 sense. "ag sag urjhar brsrate sOphra." --plwnhe m 5. i.e. 'The black bee loses its sense by getting entangled with the lotus flower. ' 1fa' [sOb] See BH. "'sOban sabad suna avni tar." -cantr 405. lJS(J [subah] A [/ 11 morning, dawn. "subah nrvaj sarar gujarau."-suhi kabir. 2 A ~ doubt, suspicion, fear, uncertainty. lJ~ [sub-hadarn] p(;: advearly in the morning, at dawn. lJatr' [sub-hal See J.J"'ffiJ 2. "be sub-ha jo bIna narnune. "-NP lJ~ [sub-haI).], J3Cf9'O [sub-han] A (;) li the eternal Spirit, the Creator. "Jr jahan nrdan kachu nahr, e sub-han! tuhi srrdara."-33
savEye.
ljatJ ' C'l1fJ3d [sub-hanitrttar] See f3'30. lJ'S(JTQ [sub-hanu] See ~. "sab dunia subhanu." -m 1 var majh B~ [subak] 17 sobbing; hiccup. "subkat rodat adhrk hi."-GPS. See J31:rmiT. 2 P ~ adj light, soft. 3 brisk walker. 4 disgraced. ljaa3dR(') [subakatgin] a king of Gazni, Alpatgin's Turkish slave, who became his general and successor. He invaded Punjab, then under King Jaipal. Many Hindu kings ofthe country united to confront him but were --.. eventually defeated. H,: was coronated in the year 977 and died in 997. His son, Mahmud Gaznavi was a very powerful emperor. Subaktgin is also known as Nasiruddin. lJm:f()T (subakna] -v to sob. See'l]"'S'Cl(' 1. lj''SOft (subki] P J; 11 meanness, inferiority. 2 disgrace. "bhai parajay subki ham ko." -GPS. lJ-a?l [suban] 17 son. Jj"S('ii{ (subnarne] adj like a son, as a son. "narnasta ajanme, narnasta subnarne."-japu. 'God is unborn" and is son-like i.e. like the
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progeny.
1J~: [subraO] See ~.
lJ1I3" [subrat] n 3 superior VO\\, good principles.
~ [sOb21j P
a fragrant grass: poets compare it with the beloved's hair: also tangled or matted hair. L Nordostachys.
J?"
2 a sage. "tahi1 subrat nama munI rah" -carItr 3] 9. 3 aclj righteous. virtuous.
13nr3" [subrrt] SkI

2 well-to-do.
Jfar [sOba] a spike used in cleaning and clamping

a gun or cannon.
ij-a'R [subasj See ~ .
acij noble, virtuous. 3 well-done, superbly performed. "anek krr tt subrr tao ,. -gyaIl
~ [subrrta] aeljvirtuous (woman). "sunahu
TJETfIC{ [subas:lk] aclj fragrant redolent. "pan

k2pur subaSClk cad2n."-asa kabir.
ijsrtr [subah] See J'18(J and
ij~
subntc! In, ur jan."-GPs. 'Listcn vil1uous (lady)"

lJ~
BW,:r.
[subahu] aclj having robust arms. "dhae subahu yodha sakop."-kalki. 2 n a demon. brother 0 f Marich, who vvas ki lied by Ram
[subh] Sk! 1'1" to shinc. to be beautiful. to talk nicelv 2 iJelj good, nice. fine. "subh bClcCln boll gun ,l!liOl. "-sar partil1m 5. 3 light. 4 bliss. 5 comfort.
II
B~ [sObh] Ski
Chandar for spoiling Vishvamitar's oblation. "sagharyo subaha."-ramav. 3 a minister of Sugrecv. 4 Shatrughan's son. TJfufu;w [subICiIaJ, ~ [SUbIdyil] n sel1'knowledge, noble knowledge. 2 aclj noble teaching, which benefits peopic and promotes haternity among them.
a demon. brother of Nisumbh. born from the womb of Danu and semen of Kashyap. He was ki lied by Durga in a battle. "sObh IlIsObh p2~hava jam de dham mj"-c5c;li 3. Sec 7il:ffu 2.
lJ"" F.r<3O" [;;ubh ;;akun] See

lJ~UTO
fl.j" RCfJ7).
1jJ(!f isubhag] SkI
[subh-han] Sec JjBU'7l. aclj beautiful. 2 lucky.

11
1Jlir:r
[subuddh] Ski 'J,"!,~ adj fully awake. totally alert. 2 spiritually avvakc. 3 II a minister of king Chitar Singh who rinds a mention at the beginning of CharitaI' 405. He read them out to protect the king from the
3 delightful. 4
borax, orris powder.
5 magnolia, champak. 6 Shiv
TJ9Q1T [subhaga] SkI aclj (woman) beautiful,

pretty. 2 woman enjoying conjugal bliss. 3
1j~
11
wiles of women. 4 a minister and arnw-chicf of demon Brijnad who finds a mention In Sarabloh. J:r~:rar [subeg sf gh] See fJ::fuf.
mur
mrar
turmeric. 4 basii. 5 music 6 jasmine. [subhcdr] short form for liB l'l1"T~. ljfJ3c( Isubhcftak] ac1j well wishing, sincere. 1j~ [subhcftim] II benevolence, wishing well 2 noble feeling. "'iubhcft2n gobfd r,lm211 nrrmal sacihu sag."-asa ch5t 111 5. TJftJ3'd<'i [subhCItvalu]. ~R?i't [subhCItv;:mi] Sec ~37). 2 compassion, kindness. "subhcItvanI das tumare ..-sor 11, ~/.
~ [subel] According to Guru Piutap Sura;,.
Subel and Bel were two demons \vho fought Durga in Satyug and were annihilated at Hemkunt by the destoyer of demons. Guru Gobind Singh. ijif-q [subodhJ adj learned. erudite. 2 that which can easily be grasped. 3 ledge, superb know ledge.
1/
lJ5Z Isubh,)t]
2 a soldier.
Il
a superb warrior. brave fighter.

17
self know-
lJ~ [subho\c,rr]
a spear. pike.si1nama.
17
2 a gun. S()l1clmil
Bm
[subbI]
1/
a cord. string.
TJ3Zffil<: [suhha\sahe\]
a battie-field, where
TJ~
[subracClla] See ljii"'dtJM'.
warriors encounter one another.
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II army or force comprising brave soldiers. 1J~'i; [subhatedr] adj leader of vvaniors. 2 11 general, chieftain. 3 a metre containing four lines, 24 matras in each line. first pause on the 13 1h second on the next 11 th maua and a guru. 1aghu in the end or a couplet of four lines. all the four 11l1es rhyming. Example: sarar sarar jdb ca~lhat dal saj kar SIgh subir. barar baL~r lx~rrat rIpU llIhbdl brk;lI .~arir. bhardr bhdrar bhay bhdjat bhi brlpdt balm bhd\ bhir. m;)rar mdrdr kali cabE ardt ju du:;;t bahir. -sTkkl1i pr2bhakar. ~ [subhadra] Vasudev's daughter. Krishan's sister and Arjun's wife. Her elder brother Balram \vanted her to marry Duryodhan but Ar:jun carried her away from Dvarikawith the consent of Kri:,han. She was the mother of Abhimanyu and grandmother of Prikshit. Some writers mistakenly hold that her statue is in the .lagan Nath temple but actually it is that of Bhadra. See ~. 1J~ [subhm;~satL ~ [subhmJsatul SkI B~ a \Nord signifying blessings, good wishes, ','yelfare. 1J"Rf [subhdr] ad)filled to the brim. full. "khrn mah I l1J;e sub h~)r bhar I a."- bh[r 111 5. 2 bnght, clear. 3 beautiful. "subh~lr kdPdr." . var manz 2 m 5. lJ90H [subh.:lram] See ~. tf~ [subhrai] See l?faTt RBqJ2. 1J~ [subharat]. C!'~ [subhrataJ Skt~. adj possessing all qualities: complete with fine subjects. 'gr.'lth kara puran subhrZl ta. "-CJpai. 1J~ [subhv.'lti] ad) lucky. fotiunate, auspicious, delightful. "sat sagatr subhvati."-l1at 111 -I partEd 2 B-~ happens. occurs. ~ [subhZl] Seet=fB(J. 2 doubt. slispicion. disbelief
~ [subhatni]
"je dr! subha tumare lahE."-GPS. 3 SkI ~ grace, elegance. "barni naln jat subha hE." -krTSaIJ. 4 desire. 5 an assembly of the deities. IJ~ [subhau] Ski ~ ii nature. 2 temperament.3 habit. wont. 41J-~ noble thinking. IJM [subhaI] See ~. 2 ad) good intentioned, having noble intention. "jIl1 guru nulla subhar"-sri III 5.3 adv intentionally, determinedly. "subhaI abhar ju nlkatI aVE"-111aru a m 5. 4 spontaneous. natural, instinctive, "satIguru mIlE, t5 mIle: subha I "-mala m 3. 1J~ [subhark] adf praisewOlihy. "mastak dipat jotI subhaIk."-GPS. 2 spontaneous, natural. "jIm aIS kar det subhark, manlh trm basi pur tin."'-GPS F~ [subhai] ad) good intentioned; who means well. "soi purakh subhai."-sor m 5. 2 gentle brother. 3 adv efforilessly, naturally. "nanak mrld l1 subhai jiu."-majh m 5. 4 spontaneously, naturally. "jEse balak bhar subhai ldkh apradh kdmaVE. "-5 or m 5. 5 17 good luck, good f()riune. "meri har-hu blpatr jan kar-hu subhai."-gau j'avIdas. F}5'1ft [subhasi] SkI <.:r..:ITi'GR, ad) who is an eloquent speaker; who is a speaker of endearing words. 1J~5 [subhasubh] auspicious and inauspicious; good and evi I. 1Jgrl:f [subhakh], B~ [subhakha] SkI ~ n a noble tongue. 2 conversation easy to follow, and in \vhich difficult words are not Llsed. 3 according to Shakunshastar, a speech that conveys bliss. "bhakh subhakh vrcar nd Chlkk manala.'--BG 1J~ [subhakh::a] See~. "prabhu bal~i sa bad subhaklua."-sor m 5. 2 adj eloquent, \vell-articu lated. 1J~ [subhakhyJ SkI ~rFGr adj easy to say.
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552 [subhrasu] Skt"Fjfff (bright) are nfJ.J (rays) of whom; the moon whose rays are bright. -braham. BH [sum] A (, part again, a second time. once 'IJWOT [subhag] ad) lucky, fortunate. 2 n luck, more. 2 P ( 17 a hoof of a quadruped. 3 a spring, fountain. "nadia hovhI dheDva sum fortune. 'lJwoft [subhagi] ad) fortunate. hovhI dudh ghiu."-var majh m 1.4 Skt1J!1 a flower. 5 the moon. 6 the sky. ~ [subhacar] good conduct: noble behaviour. "subhacar jih nam sabal dusar 'JfH [sum] See lJH 2. anumano."-paras. J]HOT [sumag] exalted way, noble path, superior lJWO [subhan] See 'IJ'8'"JI7). 2 See B~. 3 S sect. ~ [sOmal;val;i] spring-water; non-stop tomorrow, the next day. flow; continuous addition. "Iha khalsa ~ [subhanan] 1j~ (nice) fl7)(') (face), a sumal;vaDi."-GPS. inexhaustible Khalsa. pretty face. 1J5'?i7i't [subhanni] ad) (woman) having a BH3' [sumat] Skt ad) who is a learned person: beautiful face or pretty countenance. wIse. 1,Jl-ffo [sumatI] superior sense. "das kau sumatI ~ [subhanu] ad)sublime light. 2 n spiritual enlightenment. "gurmukhI sukh subhanu." diti."-sor m 5. 2 a person of discerning -sri m 1. sagacity. bijan VIVIdh jEse bhukhbhay bhajan hE ~ [subhayak] See ~. ~ [subhav] high thinking. 2 supreme love, gajan VIYOg vItha puri pritI patI ki, ;)khadh amal jy6 harEya hE gahur gad. true love. 3 See~. B~ [subhavak] See ~. bhaktI bhagv5t jy6 karEya sadgatI ki, 1J~ [subhavat] naturally, spontaneously. akur upav op pavas payod jEse suman suqhar jy6 bahar rItupatI ki, "subhavat jEse bEsatar alIpat."-maru m 5. kamna ko purak jy6 kalap bakham: grath 'IJ~ 1!~ [subhav praDasi] See ~ ~. kumatI vIdaran ty6 sagatI sumatI ki. trft;nfr [subhIkhal, Bfucftrr [subhIkhia] a Khatri caste. 3 a minister ofJarasandh. "apne matri sumatI ~ [subhikkh] Skt ~ n auspicious time, ko lino l1Ikat bulaI."-krIsan. 4 wife of Vishnu Yash and mother of Kalki Avtar. when aIm are easily got. B~c1 [subhotil, ~it [subh;)n] 17 valour, BH'Q'W [sumaddhmal, BHLlJ1}{T [sumadhyma] ad)one having a slim waist; with a slender figure. courage, bravery. 2 glory. "m:m te bn subh;)ti rahe."-hanu. "he sumaddhme! nahI mE mano."-GPs. $ [subhat] a happy ending, good result, 1JH?l [suman], Jj'1-f?i'Ff [sumanas] Skt ~ ad) having a noble heart; benign. 2 n a flower. lucky outcome. 2 ad) dignified, graceful. ~ [subhr] Skt"Fjfff ad) bright, white. 2 glitter3 deity. "sattasat vIvek subh sumanas, cahat ing. "SIra set chatra su subhra bIraja."-VN. ralnt bhagat gan sumanas."-GPs. 4 wheat. 3 beautiful, attractive. 4 17 mica. 5 silver. 5 a thorn-apple. lJHC'iT [sumana] ad) good-hearted (woman) 2 17 6 fat, tallow. 7 alum. 8 desire for progeny. J3Wf [subhram] Skt '!1'lFl. "uc avas banyo atI malti, a flower plant of jasmine family. JIW [suma] P LP pran you, yourself. 2 I, myself, subhram."-krrsan. See"Fjfff. 2 11 Shesh's superior explication of Ashtadhayayi. "subhakhy kJmdi parE."
lj~ilj
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mine, my. "ab asaqi :;;uma gai h."-J5B1\11 [sumar] P .JLP 11 number, count. "take at na par-hI sumar."-gujdm J. 2 army. 3 group, assembly. 4 an incurable wound. 5 adj injured, wounded, hurt. "sabh uc nic kfne sumaL" -ramav. "tum ko nlhar kly mar ne sumar mo kO."-cdrItr 109. hUli(J,:n--f"l') by lust (~) 'lJl-fTl? [sumal] A JLl' 11 north. 2 left side. 'lJwm [sumali] See~. 2 adj northern. 'IJ"fi-ro [SUilU t] adj properly measured. 2 best friend, sincere friend. "han labdho mltr SUlIlIto."-gatha. 'best among friends.' ~ [sumltr] a noble friend. 2 Ski ~ 11 Lachhman, who is Sumitra's SOil, "tlh or sumitr pathayo."-ramav. 3 Sharrughan, younger brother of Lachhman. 4 5;kt ~ a minister of king Dashrath who was also a skilful charioteer.'tat basISt sumTtr bulae." -ralnav. ~ Ho [suilutr S[2n], ~ Fro [scmTtr sm] father-in-law of king Dashrath, father of Sumitra and maternal grand father of Lachhman and Shatrughan. ~ [sumItraj] Lachhman, son of Sumitra. "cin sumItraj ki chabT ko."-ramav. 2 Shatrughan. ~ [sumItra] Sumitrasen's daughter who was king Dashrath's wife. She gave birth to Lachhman and Shatrughan . "ff~Ff [sumltres] husband of Sumitra, king Dashrath. "suilutres mahip bhayo jab te." -ramav. ~ [suilul], ~:r [suilnlaJ, "l]I-ftI;;r [sumila] aaj properly mixed, nicely blended. "pravesyo sabhE me alep.J sumila."-G P S. 'combined and blended.' 1Jljl::f [sumukh] adjhaving a pretty face; whose face ren'lains cheerful. 2 11 Ganesh. ,3 Garur's son. 4 head serpent. lJtnil" [sumukhi] (woman) having a pretty face.
~
2 See ~ 28. 3 a mirror. a looking-glass.
'lJlfzr [sumuq] an ascetic, mentioned as Guru

Teg Sahadur's predecessor in Ratanmal and Guru Partap Suray. "nam sumuq muni tab tlnye."-GPS'. mft' [sumud] an ocean, sea. 2 See F!1-ft'. m:fer [sumuda] See F!1-f\!. "sumude kadhara." -paras. 'horses of Kandhar.' 2 originated from the ocean. Blfo [sumer] See r:rH"g. 'lJH"O fi:fur [sumer sfgh] son of Saba Sadhu Singh, resident of U .P., district Azamgarh, city Nijamabad 1 who was an excellent poet. His compositions include Khalsa Shatak, Gurur;ad Prem Parkash, etc. Gurupad Prem Prakash was composed in the year: "samat unnTS SE adlnk teIs sal rasal, nagar najibabad me bhayo suvcan luhal." For sometime he remained a priest of Takhat Patna Sahib also. See ft~. 1JHg [sumeru] Skt 11 a special mountain that, as mentioned in Bhagvat and Vishnu Puran is of gold and is the abode of gods. Its height is eighty four thousand yojan and depth sixteen thousand yojan. 2 There is a plain of thiliy two thousand yojan on its top. Sumeru is the name ofRudrhimalaya from where river Ganga emerges, as per the geographical dictionary. It is also known as Panch Parbat (five mountains) because of its five peaks: Rudrhimalya, Vishnupuri, Brahmpuri, Udgarikanth and Svargarohan. 2 the main bead of a rosary. 3 According to mathematics, it is the name of north-pole vvhereas southpole is called Kumeru. 4 the tenth opening or the ultimate stage, according to Yog. 5 See
~2.
'lJHrn [sumoval)i] See ~r~. "huto khalsa

I
It is 20 koh away il'om Jaunpur and 30 koh from Kashi.
'Sec Vishnu Puran Part 2, Ch 2.
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sumovaI!i."-PPP 'The Khalsa is like spring- ~ [sursal] ad)one who agrieves the deities. 2 11 Ravan. "ram sursal par."-NP water ever flowing. ' lJ}i'3" [sum;'}tj, J]1-f'I [sum;'}tr] a sublime hymn; ~ [sursuri] See ~. a noble advice. 2 a minister of king Dashrath. 1JQtT [surah], 13mIT [surhi] Skt 13"Cl"fu' 11 sweet fragrance. 2 a cow. "surah ki jEsi teri cal." 3 sublime hymn for mediation. "sumatr -bas;'Jt kabir. "vuthE ghah car-hI nIt sur-hi." sadhubacna. "-ga tha. -var mala m 1. 3 sound in the heart. '\'lhInIS lJfi:r~ [sumrItes] See ~Ff. This entry in Ramavtar is due to error committed by the akh;'}Q surhi jaI."-gau kabir var 7. 'Lninterwriter. rupted sound perpetually emerges from the ljliIFf [suyas] Skt~ untainted renown. 2 ad) heart.' glorious, reputed, renowned. ~ [surkab] See ~. Bitrm [suyodhan] ad)who fights well; who is 1J01f [surakh] P 0) ad) red, crimson, scarl~t. a great warrior. 2 11 Duryodhan, son of 13~ [surkharu] P JJ 0) ad) whose face Dhritrashtar, chief of the Kaurvs. glows with joy: worry and sorrow have not lJti\'(jO [suy;'}bar] See ~. dimmed the resplendence of whose face. "jIthE ohu jaI tIthE ohu surkharu."-var sri 13ti\'~ [suy;'}bhav] See ljGf~. "sarab VISV racyo suy;'}bhav."-)apu. m 4. 2 he who attains pleasure after completing some work in faith and with 130 [sur] Skt 11 a deity. "sur nar tIn ki bal)i gavhI."--sri a m 3. See B'"QT. 2 Skt ~ respisagacity. 3 one, relieved of some ration. 3 that note in music which leads to responsi bi Iity. the organisation of a melody. It is of seven "IJOl:IT [surkha] a white horse havillg bluish hue. types. "sat sura IE caIE."-ram m 5. See ljCf. ~ [surkhab] '":""'(;) 11 a ruddy sheldrake. Anas casarca. 2 1.]"dJ:f-~ red-water. A poet ~ [surarI] a demon, the enemy of gods. 13QFT [suras] superior pleasure. 2 bliss. "hOI wrote that during the battle with king Jai nIras suras palncanIa."-gau bawm kdbir. Singh the waters ofNilab (Atak river) turned red. 3 blood. 4 red sea. 5 liquor. 6 a river in ~ [sursati] See ~. Kabul. 7 Rustam's special horse. 8 Rustam's 130"Fl"fu [sursarI], 130"Ff"fu3' [svrsarI t], 13CIRfu3r son. 9 a mountain near Tabriz. [sursarIta], ~ [sursari] Ganges, the river ofthe gods. "sursari salIl krIt baruni re, s;'}tjan lJocit [surkhi] P 11 redness, rouge. 2 a heading; a headline so called because a karat nahi pana."-mala ravIdas. heading is generally written in red. 3 ad)fu13~ [sursuti] See~. "an;,}t sursuti sati." 13 -ftl"l'ftcl who has given right directions to his -gyan. senses. "surkhi pacau rakhE sabE."-gau kabir 'IJOFlT [sursal daughter ofDaksh, wife ofKashyap and mother of serpents, who, in enlarged form, var 7. 4 ~ safe, secure. blocked Hanuman while he was on way to ~ [surdg] Skt 1fOiIT 11 bliss, pleasure. 2 paradise, heaven. "surdg basu na bachiE."-gau Sri Lanka. Hanuman assumed a micro form, kdbir. entered her mouth and came out of her ear, See Balmik Part 5 eh I. 2 a goddess; Durga. ~ [surgdia] ad) who is a resident of heaven. 2 deity; a euphemism for the dead. 3 a heavenly fairy. 4 basil. 5 juhi, a jasmine 3 a musician; a vocal singer. like flower. 6 aniseed.
J)
Page 585 of 674
~ ~
555
lJoB
[suragduari] 11 a drain or passage Bm:JTtf (surcap] See ~1Qi;f. kept in the basement of a building for water lj''ij''j=f() [surjan] adj noble. 2 a kind-hearted or air to pass. See Ij ddl~ 1& person. "han surjan dekha llEl).I. "-majh ~ [suragduaria] xa a disgraced dInr1). 3 Skt deities. person. "nakta suragduari vala."-P P iJm:JO t:TFf [surjan das] See fRT3" thft. 'IJ~a- [suraglok] 11 heaven, paradise. ~ [surjit] See ~'. 2 the conquerer of iJ~ [suragvasl dwelling in heaven, the the deities. ~ [surjhanl, iJ~ [surajhna] v to be deceased; a polite word for a dead person. "lJQOTT [surga] in heaven. "gavhI mOhl)ia manu resolved; to be free. "jhajha urajh surajh nahI mohanI surga."-japu. 2 plmal of:8-oar. jana."-gau bavan kabir. 2 to clear iJOcJIT}-ft [surgami] short form of ~ocJloTT}-ft adj misunderstanding. 3 to settle a dispute. (one) who has a place in heaven. '';H hoe 'I3B [surat] See~. 2 adj deeply engrossed. surgami."-c<"ie;ii 3. 3 "FJ3" heard. 411 Ved. 5 Shastar. 6 awakening, 'lJOfaT [suragI] in heaven. "deda n2lr~ilG suragI consciousness. 7 memory, recollection. lEde dekh-hu ehu dhI9al).a . "-var mala m 1. iJ'ij'3" Fl"a't [surat sab2ld] See mrt: ~. ~ [surgIanr], ~rril' (surgJ:ani] adj iJ~ [surt2lru] n a tree of the deities; five such who is a trained singer, musician. 2 wisest of trees are mentioned in Sanskrit scripturesthe deities. "upjyo brahma surgIani." madar, parIjat, satan. kal2lpvrIk~, -brah~JTl1. 3 who is a profound scholar, highly hancad2lIl. A tree similar to these names 'sidertul mlll'tah' is found in the learned. "tuhi surgIanI."-asa m 5. iJ-afaf~ [surgfdu] n the world of the moon, Muslim faith which is in the garden of God in the seventh heaven. Hazrat Muhammad moon-paradise; in the scriptures the 11100nworld is considered higher than that of the riding a horse, ascended to that place to find sun. 2 Amaravati, heaven of god Indar. "koi that leaves of the tree were like elephant ears bachE bhISat koi surgfdu."-ram m 5. The and fruit were of the size of a pitcher. See Muslims opt for Bahisht and Hindus want to ~ HJ1Tfau. go to Amravati. ffij'"3T [surta] adj conscious, alert. "jIn kia iJ-afarfa" [surgIrI] Sumeru, the mountain of besurat te surta."-gau 111 5. 2 a listener, one gods. who listens to religious discourses with rapt iJmrit [surgi] Skt ~df\1:n adj heavenly. 2 Dg 11 a attention and reverence . "so surta so bEsno." deity, god. -gau thIti m 5. "surte culi gIan ki."-var sar lJOc!f [suragu] See J]Q'dT. m J. ~ [surgU!)], J]ffqJ?) [surgun] adj divine JJ03TO [surtan], lJcf3lQ [surtanu] 11 an emperor, attributes, celestial qualities. 2 (endowed monarch. "so surtanu chatru SIrI dharE." with) good attributes. 3 all the qualities! -bhEr kabir. 2 a saint, pir (sakhi sarv2lr) "ras attributes. "k2lhu tngul). atit kahl1 surgun abE surtan ba<;lhEhE."-cantr 139. 3 one who samet ho."-akal. practices yog, yogi. 4 amplification of tones, ~ [surguruJ Ski 11 Vrihspati, chief of the amplitude of sound. 5 See FRf317). deities. iJofu" [suratI] 11 mind, an aspect of conscience ~ ~ [surguru var] Thursday. relating to memory. "ghariE surdtI matI
Jtfii.JY
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deities. lJo!tQ [surdhenu] 11 Kamdhenu, the cow of thE; deities. lJ~ [surnadi] n Ganges. 2 the milky way. lJ-a?iO [surnar] god and man. "sur nar tIn ki bc\l:ti gavhI."-sri a m 3. 2 See 13fu" mr. ~ [surnaI] See ~ and ~. "bajat basuri surnaI."-yudllIstar raj. ~ [sllrnathl, Ijdi'JfGla [sumaylkl, EKJ1-f [surap], ~ [surpatI] lord of gods, Indar; king of gods. lJ"d1-f'O [surpan] a potable drink for deities; nectar. lJ~ [surpa]] See ~. lJ~(f [surpur]. 1J~fu [surpun] 17 heaven, paradise. 2 a holy congregation; a holy See~ assembly. lJ-a31 [surti] See~. 2 adjwhat is meditated/ lJ~ [surbani] 11 Sanskrit, the language of contemplated upon; divinity. "surti kE maragI gods. 2 saintly discourses. calIkE."-prabha m 1. 3 Jj'~tIr a scholar of ~ [surbrIch] n a tree of de:ties; Kalpvriksh (a mythological tree supposed to grant all Veds. "sabhI surti mIll suratI kamai." -sodaru. 4 Veds, scriptures. 5 spiritually wishes) See~. enlightened. "ketia surti sevak kete."--japu. lJ05'Q [surbhanu] Skt ~ n Rahu, a demon. 1Jij" ~ [sur tetisau] See 33m -&fe. "surbhanu hanyo SIr bhumI paryo. "-krrsall. BOEr [surath] adj a beautiful chariot. 2 a lJof'g [surabln] SkI n fragrance, sweet smell. handsome charioteer. 3 one having a perfect 2 See~. body. 4 n a Chandarvanshi (lunar dynasty) lJofu'lf [surbhlkkhl, 1J~6 [surbhlcch] See 1:J&cr. "sadgun ko surblukkh karyo."-GPS. king who is mentioned in Markandey Puran. He was a great devotee of Durga. See Dcvi "rahrt bhdlo surbhrcch hamesu."--GPS. Bhagvat Sakandh 5, Ch 32. "nam surath lJofu3" [surbhrtJ SkI adj perfumed, fragrant. munisar bekh."-d(ii 1. 5 See~. JJCEft [surbhi] SkI 11 a cow of the deities that lJOCfTO [surthan] Dg n heaven, the abode of emerged during sea-churning. 2 gold. 3 the' earth. 4 the spring season. 5 sandal wood. the deities. 2 a temple of god. 3 a congregation, holy assembly. 6 musk. 7 musk deer. 8 nutmeg. 9 minusops lJ~ [surdar] n a deity's consort, a fairy. elangi; ~ is also correct in this context. lJ~ [surdaru] See ~ cedar tree, deodar. lJ~3" [surbhisut] 11 a bull, ox. ,., especially, the one which is Shiv's vehicle. See WHitQ. ~~ [surdev] n Lord of gods, Indar. "sadh kE sagI sobha surdeva."-sukhmani. lJoior [surbhag] 11 a singer's flaw, segmented lJogfo [surdhul1I] See~. 2 See ~ 19. intonation, incorrect modulation of voice lJQgC'ft [surdhuni] n Ganges, the river of during singing.
manI budlu ."-japu. See 13iJad2':. 2 attention, care. "phahi suratI maluki ves."-sri m 1. 'a wolfin sheep's clothing.' See lJdi'3"fm:ff3". 3 superior attachment, sublime love. "dudh karam phunI swratI samaIDu."-sul11 ill 1. 4 scripture, Ved. 5 hearing; the auditory sense. "sravanI na suratI."--gau Dl 5. 6 an ear. "sabad suratI pan:."-BG 7 music's domain. "rag nad sabhko SUDE sabad suratI samjhE VIroloi." G See JIB 6. lJ-aB ~ [suratI sabad] See mrt ~. lJ-aB fmffo [suratI sImratI] thought and recollection, contemplation and meditation. "suratI SImratI dUI kani mOda."-gau kabir. 2 Veds and scriptures. lJ-afo HE l-ff?> fb" [suratI matI malu budln]
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lIm-ret [surmai] ad; greyish. grey-coloured. 2 coloured with antimony. lI~ [surameu] P short form of lJaHu-B"8". a needle for putting collyrium in the eyes. lIOW [surma] P ,...}' 11 a material which is black and bright; collyrium. lI~ tRI<!" [surmegh dharaI).] 11 Meghnad who has voice as of a cloud.-ramav. lI"ci'w [surayya] A ~./ a cluster of six stars, conste Ilations. Pleiades. B'oorre [sur-raI], JjQCfTi=f [sur-raj], JjcRJ11J1 [surray] 11 lord of gods, Indar. lI~ [sur-rId] Skt ~~ 11 a kindhearted person; a well-wisher. "HutI' putI' kalatr surnd."-gujm 5.2 adjwhose heart is godly. ~Cf [surlok] 11 heaven, paradise. lIQT [sura] Skt an intoxicant, a type of liquor that emerged during the sea-churning. It is mentioned in the 45 th chapter of Hal Kand in Valmiki's Ramayan that deities were called divine after taking liquor. Liquor was highly glorified during the ancient times. There is a mention in the fifty second chapter of Ayodhya section that while crossing river Ganga during the exile, Sita alongviith Ram ChandaI', vowed that after coming back from exile, if her husband obtained the Ayodhya kingdom, she would offer thousands of cows to Brahmans (priests) living along the bank, one thousand pitchers of liquor alongwith other material comprising rice, meat etc. "sura apavItr, natu avar jal re, sursari lTIIlat nahI hOI ana."-mala ravrdas. Liquor is offered to God in the Bible also. See Judges Ch 9 Verses 12,13. Liquor is also available in abundance in the heaven glorified by Islam. See Ouran Ch 51, Verse 23. There is complete renunciation of liquor in Sikhism. See~. ROT in place oflIO'f is found in Guru Granth Sahib. "saeu sara gUf bah:rra,"-sri
mi.
In savrat SImrItI, three types of liquor find mention:
Jn6'l
~if ~
,
fclin:rr Rfcrm B\T '"
It is made from jaggery, or mahua (a tree, its flowers are Llsed for making liquor), or honey, fermented rice and barley. Similar is Manu's contention. See a 11, :;; 94. Eleven types ofliquor including toddy (made of palm and date trees) etc. are also mentioned in the Simritis. lI~o [surasur] adj god and demon, god and devil. lI~ [sura:;;atr] Skt adj just government; perfect rule. 2 a region of Kathiavar in Bombay. lIQT(JT [suraha] See QT(JT. ~ [surahi] 11 a flagon; a flask. 2 a mendicant's pot. 3 Sktff}J'if. a vessel in which liquor is put. "suI sura hi khajar pIala." -hajare 10. lI~ [surak] See JjCJT1:f. lIOTCf [surakh] P [h y a hole, sewer, opening, aperture, cavity. lIO'OT [surag] true love, chaste fondness. 2 T il}' a clue, hint, trace, search. lJQT ~ [sura g;m] See BHa' and tfTHCft. ~ [suragna] Skt~"'J5.JI11 11J30-~a fairy, a celestial beauty, a god's consort. 2 goddess. lJQT CJTTf'E [sura gaI] See IDRf and tfTHCft. Jj~ [suraci] adi given to drinking; who is a drunkard. 1JdTH [suraj] adj good government. 2 independence, autonomy. "jImI suraj khal udham gaIu."-tulsi. 'Indian autonomy was destroyed by revolt of vile people.' 13W3' [surat], J]ClSq [suratak] adjan annihilator of gods; an enemy of gods. 2 11 a demon. 3 son of Ravan. ~ [surapaga] 11 a river of gods, Ganga. 2 the milky way.
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surita?"-BG Dhruv asked his mother whether she was Svakia or a maid servant. 2 See ~. ~ [SUWCI] gentle wish, noble desire. 2 wife (queen) of king Uttanpad, She was Uttam's mother and Dhruv's stepmother. B1f [suru] A 0'; a beginning, an origin, a stmi. ~ [surup] a beautiful apearance, an attractive look. 2 personal appearance, one's own form. ~ [surupI] who is beautiful. 1J [surur] See~. ~ [sures], ~ [suredr] n the lord of deities, Indar. EJfa" M. Bfa't:ro [sun jan] Skt ~RUf'l aelj kind, ~ [surat] See RB'3'. sympathetic, gentle. "sunjan mIle pIare." lIif~3H [surattdm] Vishnu, supreme among -tocji m 5. deities. 2 the sun. ~ [sund] See~. "bhai mit sund kie." lIif' [surad] See RB''. 2 Skt 11 an ocean of -sri m 5. liquor; where it is in liquid form. 13ftft: [surrd] king of gods, Indar. lI~ [suraddYl, BifT [suroda] Skt ~ n a lIftkfu fif~ [surrd-hI rdu] master God of magical text Tantar ShastaI' that mentions gods; lord of Indar. "balv;'lc;l akh;'lc;l surrd-hI good and bad signs after observing nasal rdu."-NP tones, in different ways. Some superstitious TIfu\::T [sun da] a good heart. 2 See lI'f<:Rrt. person has composed a text in Gurmukhi in "sujanu sunda suhela sahIje."-sar m 5. the name of Guru Nanak which is a word for 'I]fu!T [sundh] See J.Jfa't. word copy of Charand as's Surodaya Granth. ~ [sunnar] god and mal1. "SUfI nar asur 2 Surodaya Granth composed by Vaishnav atu nahi payau, payau nahi atu sure asurah Sadhu Charandas is read with reverence by nar."-savyem 4 ke. 2 men of godly qualities; the hermits. angelic persons. "sun nar sughar sujal) lI'ci'or [surag] adj good colour, beautiul colour. gaVhI."-vdcj ch;Jt m J. 3 Skt sovereign. "surag ragile harI hdrI dluaI."-bhn independent kings exercising independent namdev. 211 crimson colour. "bhdt tan bhagcontrol over their states. "akh-ln danav akhIn, baran surag-In."-GPS 3 a grey horse. hI dey, akh-In sun ndr munI jdn sev."-jdpU. 4 Skt a spotted deer. "jIm lag baD surag." "surI ndrdev dsur trE gunia."-asa m 5. -ramav. 5 an old musical instrument, svarang. ~ [sunnath] lord, yogiraj. "SUDIE SIdh It was played with a bow; a sarangi is its adaptation. "mucag upag surag se nad sunavpir sunnath."-jdPU. 'by hearing Nam, one gains knowledge of all things.' hIge."-kdlki. 6 Skt '1n::m a mine. "uc;l~hI lIo1 [suri] Skt n a goddess; wife of a deity. suragan mar gdjab ki."-GPS 7 a tunnel, "suri asuri krnrani rijh purnan."-cdrItr 2. underground passage. ~ [surita] SktBf-@T adj female slave (pur- lI~ [suragra] ad} having a good colour. 2 n chased), maid servant. "to savaDi hE kI a musical instrument, a harmonium. "dhanu
[surapan], ~ [surapanI] the act of drinking. "kabir, bhag machuli surapanI."skablr. lIiJ"tft [surapi] adj who is a drinker. "tarak sudha ko hOI surapi."-NP 1JQ'di'i [surardan], lJQTf& [surarr], ~ [surari] Skt ~ n a demon; an enemy of gods. "sur surardan. "-akal. lI~ [suralay], ~ [suralE] n the abode of deities, heaven. 2 a temple. 3 a tavern; a bar. 'J.'I'fu [SUfI] because of god. 2 of the god. 3 See
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surag sur~gre."-var ram 2 m 5. See ~ 5. lj~OJ'T8""t rsur~gabad] It is another name for Sarangpur. This town is in Devasaraj of Central India (c.P) Once a famous place, it is mentioned in many chronicles. "sora si suragabad nike rahi jhulke."-akal. ~ rsur~gIya] n a miner. "rani bol sur~gIya lina."-carItr 347. ~ [sur~gi] ad} having a beautiful colour. ~ rsur~gia] ad} having a fine colour.
2See~. ~ [sur~j;m], ~"t1?l [sur2Ijno] n the act of
dyeing in the best way. 2 ad} ,,,,ho dyes excellently. "adI jugadI ;mad:c sarab sur~jano."-BG 3 one who can please. lj~\: [sur~d] lord of gods, Indar. "surad su buddlu bIsarad."-krIsdn. 2 sound producing. J.:fm1 [sulas] A ..:Jt none third. l 'lJ"ffiT [sulah] A n conciliat}on. 2 peace. ~1? [sulahkulJ A ..f ad} sociable, amiable. 2 n Sikh community; the cOITlmunity founded by Guru Nanak Dev. ~ [sulhi], 'l]ffift ~ [sulhi xan] an Afghan who was an official of king Jahangir. Being a friend ofPrithi Chand, he wanted Guru Aljan Dev to be harassed. However, he sank into a hot brick-kiln and was burnt to death while going to the Guru's abode to meet his friend Prithi Chand. "sulhi hOI mua napak."-bIla m 5. See ~ 010 c~. -= lj'5Of [sulak] Skt Wf> n price, cost. 2 tax, toll, duty. "ko~ap hOI ~ah ko jEse, tIs te sulak bhnty Ie kEse?"-NP 3 price of a girl. ~ [sulakhal)] n fine traits, noble qualities, excellent signs. 2 ad} with good qualities.
'During Mughal rule, the official who did not kel:p his own vehicles had his emoluments reduced by one third. Ifhe was entitled to Rs. nine hundred per month, then three hundred were deducted.
[sulakhl)a], ~ [sulakhJ.).i] ad}having noble qualities. 2 See ~ 1-fT3T. lj~ )-fT3T [sulakhl)i mata] born to mother Chando and Mool Chand Chone khatri whose paternal home was in village Pakhoke (district Gurdaspur). She was married on 24 th Jeth, 1544 in Vatala, to Guru Nanak Dev ji. Two sons (Baba Shri Chand and Lakhmi Das) were born to her. Mata j i breathed her last in Kartarpur near river Ravi. Matachoni is also mentioned at fev,; places in history, because of her lineage. 2 See~~. ~ [sulakkhni], ~ J-!T3T [sulakkhni mata] See ~ and lJ~ HBT. lJ1i'5dT [sulag] ad} a weapon that hits its target. "labi sulag tuphag ;mek."-GPS. 2 well achieved. 3 well trained horse or hawk etc. ~ [sulagJ.).a] v to burn slowly, smoulder. lj~ [sulajhna] v to be disentangled, be settled, be unravelled. lj1?2T [sulta] ad} simple, straight, upright. ~ [sultan] A ,;I lJ,..L.:: n an argument. 2 to be powerful. 3 an emperor. "sultan hova melI laskar."-sri m J. Mahmud Gaznavi was the first to assume the title of a Sultan. 4 a Muslim holyman who is famous as Sakhi Sarvar, Lakhdata, Lalanvala, Dhonkalia etc. The real name of Sultan was Saiyad Ahmad. He was the son of a Baghdadi. His father settled in Sialkot, a vi lIage 12 miles to the east of Multan in 1220 AD. The shrines of Sultan are known as pirkhanas which exist in many villages of Punjab. On Thursdays the followers of Sultan assemble in the pirkhana and make offerings. The main offering is a 'rot' (a big loaf). This 'roti' which may weigh upto one and a qUaJier maund is baked by heating up the earth. It is offered to the pir after covering it with jaggery. Bhirai (priest of Sultan) after reciting prayers according to
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Islamic tradition accepts a part of the 'roti' for himself and gives the remaining to the devotees. The grave of Sultan is in village Nagahe (district Dera Gazikhan) built in the thirteenth century. The grave of Sultan's wife Bibi Bai is also there. The progeny of Sultan's three attendants share the offerings which are further divided into 1650 parts. After Nagahe, next in importance, is pirkhana of the Sultan in village Dhonkal. Because of this only, the pir is known as Dhonkalia. ~ o [sultanpur] a town on the bank of 'safed ver in Kapurthala state which is sixteen miles to the south ofthe capital. It was founded by Sultan Khan Lodhi (who \vas a commander ofMahmud Gaznavi) in the 11 th century. I Bibi Nanki was married to Jairam Das at this place. At this very place, Guru Nanak Dev had ruminated, "1 am yours! I am yours I"~ while weighing justly on the scale. He was then working at the.provision store ofDaulat Khan Lodhi 2 Now Sultanpur is a station of the northwestern railway. The following gurdwaras are situated in this holy town. (I) Santghat. That bathing place on the bank of sacred vein where Guru Nanak Dev disappeared after a dip and on reappearing after three days took to long travels as a hermit. Five ghumaons of land has been donated to this gurdwara by the princely state. (2) Hat Sahib. Here Guru Nanak Dev
'Remnants of the old fort are still to be seen there. The masjid where Guru Nanak Dev was taken for teaching Muslim prayer, exists even now. 2In the olden times, a portion of the grain offered as worship. was claimed by the state. Jaggery and grain thus claimed were deposited in the official store. Whatever was needed for the official langar or the army. \\as claimed against receipt. The rest was sold and money deposited in the exchequer.
would run the royal prOVISion store, which benefited many people. At this place. there are eleven small and big weights of stone owned by the employer of Guru Nanak Dev. 20 ghumaons of land and Rs. 81 in cash are donated to this gurdwara by Kapurthala state. (3) Kothri Sahib. Here the Nawab's clerks checked the accounts maintained by the Guru. Three ghumaons of land has been given to this gurdwara by the princely state. (4) Guru ka Bagh. This place was the home ofBibi Nanki and the residence of Guru Nanak Dev. At this place Baba Sri Chand and Lakhmi Das were born. 13 ghumaons of land from Kapurthala state has been given to this gurdwara. There is also a hermitage of Baba Sri Chand. (5) Birth place of Baba Shri Chand and Lakhmi Das Ji. See No.4. (6) Dharamsal Guru Arjan Sahib. This place is close to gurdwara Kothri Sahib. Guru Arjan Dev visited this place while on his way to Dalla village to attend the marriage of Guru Hargobind Sahib. Kapurthala state has donated 12 ghumaons of land to this gurdwara. (7) Bel' Sahib. About half a mile from the town towards the west is this place where the great Guru used to go daily to take bath in the sacred 'vei'. A bel' tree of Guru Sahib's time is still there. This gurdwara has been sanctioned Rs. 1360 as annual Jagir by the Kapurthala state and Rs. 125 and Rs. 51 respectively by the Patiala and Nabha states. Thirty ghumaons of land stands in the name of this gurdwara in villages Manik and Machijoya. 'lJ(?3'T(') itor [sultan beg] a military officer of Shah Jahan, killed by Bhai Bidhi Chand in a battle at Amritsar.
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'J.:!1?3"O ~ [sultan vI~1] See l'lffl:[3"R"O and
J'l'li'Ja.
~ [sultani] P jlhJ:. kingship, rule, reign.
2See~. lJ~ [sultania] a devotee of Sultan
(Sarvar). The Hindu devotees of Sultan also consider it a sin to eat jhdtka meat (animal or bird slaughtered with a single stroke of sharp weapon) and pork. 1J~ [sultane] Sultan (nominative case) "nama sultane badlnla."-bhET namclev. ~ [suldp] Skt FFi.l..f adj very Iitt!e. "alap ahar sulap si nI dra. "-ha;are j O. ~ [sulphail an addict of sulpha (a mixture of tobacco and cannabis smoked as intoxicant). See J3C5i:5T 2. ~ [sulpha] A ~ what is eaten on an empty stomach. 2 an intoxicant prepared through a mixture of tobacco and cannabis. It is smoked through a pipe (bovvl). Its after-effect is hot and dry. It has a very bad effect on the heart, brain and muscles. lJm:f [sulab] See ~'. Bmft l::fT?) [sulbi khan] son of Su Ih i Khan's elder brother, who, on the instigation of Chandu, went ahead to torment Guru Aljan Dev. He was killed on his way to Amritsar by his Pathan servants in a dispute over their salary. ~ [sulabh] adj easily available, available without any difficuhy. 'l.:fW [sula] See B"'ffiJ. 1ji'S'(i<,!:1 [sulaUl:ta] v to put one to sleep. lJ'l?'H [sulas] Skt ~~c;5'Ff. in high spirits. See
~2.
'Ij"'Wa" [sulak] See ~TQ.
~;Ff and JY"ffi. [suluk] A J t:- to move, go . 2 to follow a virtuous path. 3 to wish to be near to God. 4 good conduct. ceremon ial propriety. lJ5Wi'i [suleman}. J3~Wi'i [sulc:man] A i,;.Il.c:
JIft;m [SUlIS] See

~
(Solomon) son of David born from the womb of Bathsheba; he was a very wise emperor of Isreal dynasty. His proverbs are world famous. His sayings find a place iil the Bible also. According to the Quran, once emperor Suleman was inspecting his horses with the result that he missed the time ofNamaz. Then Suleman cut the lower pati of the legs of the horses with the sword. It is mentioned that God put air, giants and demons under his command. He was equipped with the knowledge to understand the language of animals. Once Suleman was going with his army that the ants resolved to enter holes immediately lest his army should crush them. Suleman heard this, he thanked God and saved the ants. Once on being informed by a woodpecker about a sun-worshipping queen, Su leman sent a letter through the woodpecker to the queen and brought her round to his religion. See ~ ~ 27. It is written in the Bible that Suleman ruled over Jerusalem for forty years and built the world famous temple sacred both to the Jews and the Christians. Suleman's tomb is found in Jerusalem. Suleman was born in 1033 Be.' and died in 975 Be approximately. Suleman had seven hundred wives and three hundred female slaves. Rahabyam was his son who also ruled over Jerusalem. ~crn [sulokan] n lJ-~'crn fine to look at, good sight. 2 attractive eyes, captivating eyes. See 'Ij"'iftl7i [suloccm] 11 excellent eyes. 2 ad; one having beautiful eyes. 3 n a deer. 4 Indian red legged partridge. 'Ij"'if;:ror [sulocnaJ. ~tRi't [sulocni] ad) (lady) having beautiful eyes. ~ [sulonraL c~ [sulonri] adj a person
mo.
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having beautiful eyes: a lady having ~ [suved] adj knowledgeable. 2 easily enchanting eyes. 2 handsome, beautiful. achievable. B~ [suvasatu] adj something good. 2 n ~ [suvan] ilelj of noble caste. 2 11 gold. 3 See spiritual discourse. "jIthE suvasatu na H~. japai."-var ram 1m2. ~ [suvanvi], ~ [suvanri], ~ [suvani] ad) having a fine complexion, having a B~ [suvan] Skt n son. See . lj~dilM' [suvarcala] Skt ~ n daughter of charming colour. "suvanri deh."-var ram 2 Vishavkarma, wife of the sun: her other name m 5. 2 of gold, golden. is Sangya. When she assumed the form of a lJ [su] prol1 as suffix, it means 'his', for mare, then from the sun she gave birth to example "nam japIosu."-JSBB. 'He recited Ashvini Kumar, an angel. See iifrfEW. nam.' 2 v is. 3 SkI VI' to conceive, give birth. 2 linseed. 3 a sunflower. 4 P ,:. n a direction "gaje sur jujjhar do su." B~ [suvaraD], ~ [suvaran] Skt B~ ad) -s21oh 5 profit, gain. 6 interest. 7 light, black nice colour, good creed. "suvaran ko suvaran ink. tan dutI mII."-GPS. 2 a noble caste. 3 a 'If [su] 0110171 W W, a hissing sound. 2 part to, fine word. 4 n gold. "loha paras bhetiE mIII unto, towards, of. "papa de mItavat:\ su sagatI suvaran hojaI."-var gau I m -1. 5 a samrathta nahl."-JSBlv!. dhatura (thorn-apple). 6 sixteen masa lJf [sua] 11 son. "ju parhyo dIj te sua I tahI weight. 7 Harichandan. 8 a minister of king rarO."-Il2rsfgh. '0, son! learn by heali the Dashrath, lesson read'. B~di'ifdlfd [suvarangIrI] n Sumeru, said to be lJfCT [sudta] n a parrot. "tl} pfjar hau sUdta tor. "-- g2U kabir. made of gold. 2 a hill near Girivaru city 111 southern Bihar. JP'I?> [suan] son. See !Jf. B~ [suvalla] See mw. lJfO [suar] SkllJ"ffif' n a pig. "haku paraIa nanka, usu suar usu gaI."-var ma)h III J. See B~ [suvaut:\a] v to put one to sleep, render sleepy. "pat I sut prItham suva I kar."--carItr Tf 10. 1JlhT [sua] 11 a parrot. "badluo ndlni bhram 259. B~ [suvas] ad) incense, fragrance. 2 fine sua."-ilsa m 5.2 a large needle. "lau nari sua h dsti."-rilm m 5. 3 in lactation. "Isga da clothes, beautiful dress. 3 fine house. 4 See duja sua hE." mfTR. lJf [su] on the sharp point. "SUE cap ~ [suvasatu] See IWS 2. bhavilialu jat" var asa. B~ [suvat:\i] See 1Jl?'f'it, ~ [suvar] See ~. 2 adj auspicious. 1Jfu [SUI] SkI 1{JfG1. See ~. 2 See lJ1'1. 3 adv ~ [suvIna] SkI ~ ad) of gold, made of after giving birth. "pakhi SUI bJhIthu."-s gold, golden. "deh kacan jin SUVIna ram." Earid -v2c;f m 4 ghoria. 1Jc!t [sui] Skt a needle. ad) SkI ~, one who has given birth (for cattle). B'?Ff [suves], B'?l:f [suvekh] ad) fine dress, dignified clothing. "tulsi pekh suves, bhulE 1J~ [suidhar] Dg one who keeps a needle; mucj.h na catur nar. sOdar kekfh pekh bacan a tai lor. SkI H'i! f3e< 'd one who sews. sudha sam asan ahI."-tulsi. 'This \Iord subr is also or Sanskrit origin.
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}JffT [susi] n a type ofstriped cloth. In oild times, people used to wear:- underwear shotis of this cloth. Now this cloth is worn by women only. "susi ki k~ccha the sIgh rakhte."-PP 1fJ [sDh] n information. news. 2 the act of detecting. 1J~ [suhau] See 1J~iT. 2 SeelJUT. 1J(JZ [suhat], iJ<JZT [suhta], ~~. [suhatuJ n a parrot. "suha~u pIjan prem kE."-manz a 111 1. Here the parrot stands for a person who has achieved salvation. 2 See IJCJZr. 1J~ [suhan], ~ [suhDi], 1J'll?l [suhan], ~ [suhni] SkI ~t n a woman s\veeper, scanvenger "deu suhni sadhu kE."-bL1a m 5. in Sanskrit 'F.n::1o'T (.?odhni) also means' a broom.' 1JiN [suhab], ~ [suhav], I,f<m [suhvi] adjof deep crimson colour. 2 dyed in beautiful colour. "suhab suhab suhvi. apnE pritam kE r~gI rati."-5u11i m 5. "suhab ta sohagl)i ja manI lEhI sacunau. "--val' sLl.hi .m 3. 3 coloured in the illusionary world of senses (safflower) "suhvie nImaDIe ! so sahu sada samah."-var su11i m 3. ~ [suhar] a sub-caste of Khatris. See :~. 2 See~. 1J"JST [suhra] n bran of tlour of wheat/gram. On sieving, the flour comes down from it and the bran is left in the sieve. 1J(J";ft lsuhri] See IJ<E and lJ'(J;fr. 1J<:JT [suha] adjsafflower. It stands for engrossment in the illusionary world of senses or worldly \vealth. "Ial bhae suha r;'.g maIa." -g~JU a m 1. 'became red in the true love of God and considered the world of senses illusionary or safflower.' 1Jut [suha] II a spy, informer, detective. :1. adj knowing secrets~ knowledgeable. "sfgh sabhE j~gal ke suhe"--P P 3 face to face. 1Jtit [suhi] adj safflower-co loured "man 0 ~g
suhi ki sarhi kari hE."-C2Q'i 1.2 a variation of a major musical 'rag' also known as Suha l It is a folk song of 'kaphi that' in which Dhevat is forbidden. In Suhi, Ghandhar and Nishad are soft the rest are pure notes. Vadi is slow whereas sixth is dramatic. Singing time is two periods after sunr:ise. Ascending (arahi.) sa, ra, ga, rna, pa, na, sa descending (zlVrahi) sa, na, rna, pa, ga, ra, saIn Guru Granth Sahib, suhi rag comes at number fifteen. 3 in Pothohar the act of paying respect by a woman to an elder of the family by touching his feet. See~. ~ [suhia] See . 1Jef [suk] SkI ~ adj parched, dry. "suk bhai patri si."-knsan. 2 SkI 11 a sharp thorn on the spike of barley or wheat. Bar [sDk] onom a hissing sound, hissing of a snake. "tab cale sCik janu nag jaI."-GPS. ~ [sukDa] v to get dry: be free from moisture. 2 See ~ 2. "tinI caraD Ik dubIdha suki."--maru 5011112 m 1. In the third era of Hindu mythology, three steps of Dharma remained and indecision (double mindedness) dominated. ~ [sDkl)a] v to make a hissing sound, snoli or breathe with a wheezing sound. 2 to show arrogance of power. 1JaQ [sukar] SkI ~ n a hog or boar, kno' ill as such because it breathes with a wheezing noise. "sukar SLJal1 gardhabh majara."-bLh
;; 111
1.
1J~ [sukarkhet] SkI IJ~ a place of
pilgrimage near Nemisharny, now known as Soran. There is a myth that in the incarnation of prophet Varah, Lord Vishnu killed Hirneykeshi, the demon, at this place. 1J~ [sukarDa], .~CIa7)T [sDkarna] v to snort. 2 to breathe with a wheezing noise like a pig.
'Many musicians consider Sohni also as Suhi.
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While lamenting at the time of the funeral, "cali SEn silkdr paraci dIsan;'i.-jdnmejdy. ~ [sukri] n a sow, a female swine. women beat their cheeks, head and thighs, and cry "he! he !" Guru Nanak conveys the J;f~ [suka] adj dry. "jal main keta rakhir abhI;'itarI suka."-asa d m 1. 2 lJC\T. a fop: a subtle meaning that women by touching parts blunt or arrogant fellow. of their bodies show that God is present in every pari of world (omnipresent). 1JOIT [suki] dry. 2 See ~. ~ [sukt] Skt n a fine utterance; an axiom. 1J~ [suk;;am;;arir] n subtle/abstract body, 2 a collection ofVed mantars. 3 a panegyric. inherent in the material body. On leaving the lJ6rn [suk;;am] Skt adj thin, slim. 2 small. human body, it enters into another. Mind, intellect, five vital airs, five organs of activity, 3 trivial. 4 a figurative expression in which a five sense organs all these seventeen, gesture is responded with a likewise gesture to express a delicate feeling. constitute the abstract/subtle body. Example: ~ [suk.;;amdrI:?\I] n a minute observation; melIO baba utthIa multane di jyarat jai, divine insight, subtle knowledge to see agg6 pir multan de duddhkatora bhar Ir ai, through things. baba kaqh kar bagal te c;'ibeli dudh VICC mIlai, 1J1=f [sukh] n happiness, bliss. "man sagal ko hoa sukh."-asa m 5. 2 adj dry. "sukh gayo JIO sagar vICC g;'ig samai.-BG trash harhar."-c;'}Qi 1. 'Shiv's garland, a With a full cup of milk the pirs of Multan snake, went dry out of fear.' suggested that the city was already having excess of holy men, so there was no room for J;fCfH [sukham] See JIWf. "sukham deh b;'idhhI bahu ja\ua."-savEye sri mukhvak m 5. him. By putting a flower on the milk, Guru Nanak Dev indicated that he could adjust any J;fl:fHFRfur [sukhamsarir] See ~ t=ralo. ~ [sukhammuratI] adjwith a delicate where without giving trouble to anybody. deh k;'icuki tahI savari, body; handsome and tall. 2 See ~ t=ralo. 3 the abstract body which can't be seen with ek hath me jIhva dhari, the eyes (sense organs) "sukham muratI nam gahyo lfg ko dusar hatha, nIrajan."-var asa. ava sanmukh jahf jagnatha.-NP From this Kalyug suggested that those lJlfT [sukha] adj dry. persons who are slaves to the pleasure of sex ~ [sukhajur],~ [sukhajvar] See3Qf(d). are actually the Kalyugi beings. Submission l;rfcf [sukhI] in comfort. "sukhI aradhanu dukhI aradhanu."-jEt m 5. to sexual desire is the real form of Kalyug (the age of darkness). JIm [sukhi] ad} dry. 2 See JIl::f. "sukhi karr pasau."-suhi m J. 'enlarges his comforts.' (b) If a gesture or movement conveys the opposite sense, then it is known as vIkham 1Jcit <l1J1::f [sukhi hil sukh] adj supreme bliss, highest happiness. "sukhi hu sukh paT, maI suk;;am (complex indication). na kim gaDi."-asa m 5. Example: hE hE karIh OhI karenI, 1Jlj [sukhu] See 1J1::f. J;f-tf J;fftr [sukhe sukhI] always in bliss: in galha pItanI SIrU khohellI, constant happiness: in continuous bliss. nau IEnI aru karanI samaI, "sukhe sukhI gudarna."-ram d m 5. nanak tIn balIharr jaI.-SdVa m 1.
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'[OT [sug] n doubt, hatred, abhorrence. ~ [suc~k] Skt n an informer, a reporter.
2 stuff for sewing, needle. thread etc.
'lJi'O [sucm], 7JB?iT [sucna]
Skt n in~J[mation,
memorandum. [suca] Skt Jil'"fu aelj sacred, pure. "so suca jI krodh nIvare."-maru 5011112 IT! 5. 2 innocent. 3 whole, unhurt. "jan na cleO tume ghar suce."~NP lJ~ [sucacari] adj who has a virtLious conduct; who has good manners. "sabadI mIle se sucacari."--prdbha IT! I. '[fu [SUCI] Skt a needle. See 1Ji:IT 3. ~ [sucIka] Skt n a needle. "lin sucIka nok cubhava."-GPs. ~ [sud] ad)Jil'"fu, pure, untouched. ";suci bhai rasna."-bIla m 5. 2 n sacredness" purity, cleanliness. "jJ dIl:[ suci hOL"-S kabir. 3 Skt a needle. 4 a table of contents, an index" ~ C{CTU o:if'tjf [suci katah nyay] See1'iJiTlir. 1I~ [sucipatrJ n a table of contents, an index. ~ [sucimukha], ~ [sucimukhi] ad) which has a sharp point like: a needle. 2 n a wood-peeker, hoopole. 3 a male sparrow; a female sparrow. lJ5H [sucham] See 1J5il]-f. 2 worth less, :inferior. "kya barno sucham matI meri."-llP 'My understanding is very poor. ' F [sucha], lJ6ft [suchi] ael) sacred, pure, clean. "kIm hVE ~rey banE ur sucha."--GPs. 2 best, excellent. "suno prabhu ! k;~hI hiS gath suchi."-G V 6. 1Iffi'iT [sujna] See ~T inflammation, swelling. 2 Pkt n a towel, loin-cloth. Skt Htli. ~ [sujni] See ih=rcft. lJW [suja] a devotee of Dhavan sub,caste of Guru Arjan Dev, who achieved spiritual enlightenment. ljtft [suji] granu lated form of wheat flour after
rinding the grain. See o~ 2. lJ5' [sujh] n understanding, knowledge, right intellect. 2 vision, sight. 1J5"(!'T [sujh.t:Ia], J;f-lOT [sujhna] v to have understanding, have intuition. 2 to be visible, be seen. "locan kachu na sujhE."-sri bel)i . ~ [sujhbujh] conciousness. 2 insight and knowledge. "sujh bujh nahI kaI."-oJkar. ~ [sujhi] grasp, understanding. "maIa rag mate locan kachu na sujhi."-dhdna m 5. 1JZT [suta] n an ear of corn. "rahyo nIsar sabh sabat suta."-NP 2 a spring, fountain. 3 a sound produced while inhaling. For example "caras gaje da suta laauna." 1J<!T [sulfa] short form OfJjFr<Y(sweIling). '\iemu kh<3kkh<3r jo chuhE clISSE muh SUlfE."-BG 2 to conceive, give birth. See 1J. lJ3" [sut] Skt ~ n yarn, cord. "claIa kapah satokh sut."~var asa. 2 a sacred thread. "sut paI kare bunai."-var ram 1 m 1. 3 management, arrangement. 4 mutual love, interaction. "rakh-hu sut Ihi b<3n aVE."-GPs. 5 rite, custom. "huto sasar sut Ihu dasa."-NP. 'According to the worldly custom, he was a servant.' 6 right., accurate, correct. "mad<3J na bajt: natpt: suta."-asa kabir. 7 sweets of thread-like shape prepared with sugar, vermicelli, nugdi. "Jaqua ar sut bhale ju bane,"-krISdTI. 8 Skt ~ a charioteer, or a chariot's driver. "parath sut ki Qor ldgae." -krISdTI. 'Aljun put his trust in the hands of Krishan and made him his charioteer.' 9 the sun. l(JI an dkk - a wild plant of a sandy region. 11 Khatri son born to a Brahmin woman. See ~ f'i:Jf>jf3' 11: 2 and 3. 12 a prisoner; a poet who remembers and recites the names of the ancestry of angels and royal priests.' 13 mercury. 14 Lomharshan, a disciple of Vyas, who used to recite
'See~~.
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mythological tales to the sages. 15 ad} who has concieved/given birth. 16 milked, dripped. having been given. having been donated. See W3" J;f3".
~
hE plara."-sor m .J.
17 Skt
1I30 [sutar] See ~. 1I3N [sutarI] 11 the enemy ofJ;f3", Balram. See
~~. 2 ad} the enemy of a charioteer.
[sutak], 1I0C! [sutaku] Skt 1I~ n bird. 2 impurity at the time of a child's birth, according to the Hindu scriptures, lasts for 11 days in case of Brahmins, 13 days for Khatris, 17 days for Vaish and 30 days for Shudars. See ~ fi:rBjf3"R. 84. "nanak sutaku ev na utre glan utan: dhoI."-var asa. 3 an impurity, an error. "janme sutak mue phunl sutak."-g2u kabir. 'One is born impure and dies impure.'
"pavan sut anuj sutarI."-sal1ama. Bhim, the son of wind, his younger brother Arjun, his charioteer Krishan, his enemy the arrow.
1I3ID [sutli]
the corel of cotton yarn, rope. ~ [sutra] ad} sleeping. ~ [sutri] See ~l 2 ad} (a) sleeping (woman). "nlj gharI sutrie, pIramu jagae ram."--bIla chat 111 1.
11
~ [sut ke hatua] big sellers of yarn. silk worms etc, which bring out silk yarn from their bodies and die in the net cast by
a-
1I3'" [suta]
ad} sleeping. "han dhan jagat
suta."--gu} 111 5. 2 11 the act of rubbing and smoothen ing a stretched rope, for examp Ie ru bbi ng and smoothen ing a stretched rope with a wet cloth.
~ [sutl] in a string. "sagal samagri apnE sutl
themselves. "saga] dukh pavat jlu prem ba<;lhal sut ke hdtua."--savl::ye sri mukhvak m 5. 'Those who entangle themselves in the yarn of love (Maya) suffer heavily in this world.'
dharE."-sukhmal1i. 2 under proper control or management. "satokhu thapl rakhla jlnl sutI."-}2pU. "sagal samagri suti tumare." -suhi 111 5. 3 Skr 11 bil1h, creation. 4 progeny. IjF:3J [sutrho] vocative '0. sleeping persons I' "jag-hu jag-hu sutrho"-asa 2
111
a- ~ [sut ke Id<;l<;lu] a type oflaqu (sweet).
At first the vermicelli and mathis (crisp fried bread) of fine wheat Dour are fried in ghee; then these are crushed or powdered and mixed with sugar, and balls are made out of the mixture. In olden days, these sweets and sacred threads were distributed to the Brahmins on auspicious occasions. hence this name for these sweets. ~ [sutDa] v to spread yarn. 2 to pull; to brandish a sword.
J.
1I3T [suti] ael} sleeping.

[sutu] See J;f3". J;R [sutr] frenzy, lost in divine contemplation. e.g. "kukra nil sutri carhna." The kukas move their head in frenzy.' 2 Skr 17 yarn, cord. 3 rule. principle. 4 a pithy but polysemic statement. See liZ ~ and ~ ~ '(fI. 5 a motive, on behalf of. [sutrdhar] See ~. lIfti [sutn] in a cord, in a string. "sagal samagri tumrE su tr dhari. "-sukhmal1i. 2 a eI}
~ who has a string.
1I~
~
1I3"Q'ij' [sutdhar], ~ [sutdhar] Skr ~ 11

an actor, a player, one who has strings of the puppets in his hands. (a puppeteer); one who manages the whole show. ~ [sutdhari] See~. 2 yarn, rope, cord of cotton yarn. "mdn mati je gahll.!a hOVE paul.! hOVE sutdhari."-asa m 1. pauD means 'a breath.'
~
1Iq1 [sutri] See IJf:I 2.

1j1'l7i' [suthan], p:rfn [suthanr] 11 lady's trousers, trousers. "t,)b suthanr sahu utar dai."-carItr
39.
[sutdharu]
See~. "ape
hi sutdharu
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'lJt!" [sud] a sub caste of the Vaish caste. 2 Skt

leak, purify, deposit on trust. wound, tear, promise, beat. 3 n a coole 4 a sin, crime. S Dg a chef. 6 Skt~: the fourth caste. "khatn brahmaD sud vEs."--suhi m 5. 7 P ),: profit, gain. 8 interest "nIt sauda sud kicE bahu bhatI kar."-gdu m 4. According to Islam, usury is sinful. See 'CgQT(') ~r03' ~, }>fl1E" 275. In Hinduism interest can be taken. According to rishi Gautam, a twentieth part of the principal amount may be charged as interest. For Manu interest should not exceed one and a quarter percent per month. See "fur;:r. ~ [sudah] P ~J':' adj rubbed. n a rubb<:d (used) thing. ~ [sudan] Skt n a kitchen. 2 to throwaway. 3 to kill "madhusudan damodar suami." -maru solhe m 5. Used as a suffix to a word, it means a killer. 4 P l:J)Y. v to rub, scrub. ~ [sudna] n a sub-caste of Brahmins. 2 a towel. "din sudna bakh$I$ bhaI."---GPs. 'gave a towel as a tip.' ~ [sudar] See ~~. 2 Skt one having a beautiful belly. R-i~. ~ [sudi] n wife of a low caste ($udar) "sudi te srestai re."-asa ill 5. See ftTJ-f tl-i~~n. 2, adj loan on interest. "sudi rupdya." l;W [sudu] See ~. lJ'i [sudr] Skt ~ n fourth caste in Hinduism, whose duty is to earn its living by serving the other three castes. jhIur, nai, chimba, tarkhan etc. are termed as $udars. According to Hinduism, women and the fourth caste (:;;udars) are not only not entitled to meditation but by doing this th,;::y render themselves depraved as well. See atn sImntI :;; 133. S~:e 'tJ"TG ~! and ~~f<!. ~ [:;;udra] a woman of the fourth caste; wife of a person belonging to this caste. ~ [sudns] ~-'EtH a low-caste king. "SUD
~vr to drip,
bhalo bED sudrIS sakruddh."-kalki. 'On hearing these words, the low caste king became angry.' 1Jt:r [sudh] n consciousness, sensation, sense. "bhan jobanI bhojan sukh sudh." -sukhmani. "sudh na snnrat ag."---cau m 5. 2 naivity, simplicity. 3 See 1J9" 2. ~ [sudhau], ~ [sudha] adjstraight, without a bend, simple. "sudhe sudhe reg eal-hu tum." ---bIla kdbir. "suan pueh jIu bhaIo na sudhau." -sor m 9. 2 without deception, candid. lJY [sudhu] See ~r:r. 2 adj pure, clean. "mElu kino saban sudhu."-ram m 5. See ituo 3~Fi"3g.
[sudho] See ~. [sun] Skt n a tlower 2 Skt lJQ son, a male child. , "Ihi bie ayo mnta sun bIppa." -ramav. 3 Skt void, sky. 4 a dot, a zero. "sun sun gnh atma sabat adI paehan."-GPs. meaning thereby the beginning of 1900. S wilderness, a forest. 6 adj empty. ~ [sun sfghka] 11 son of Sinhika planet. "sun sfghka saras so dharam bhayo rakes."-NP 'Dharam personified as moon was eclipsed by the mythological demon (Rahu).' ~ [sunvad] See 'lJ7M~. ljOI [suna] adj deserted, empty. 2 Skt n violence. murder. 3 a slaughter-house. 1JQ [sunu] son. See 1J<'i 2.2 the sun. 3 the moon. lJ?5- [sunoL 1f<'M [suny] See 'lJ0 3 and lJ7l'" 1. lJ~ [sunyvad] Skt n a sect that terms 'nothing' as the cause of everything; a branch of Buddhism. There was nothing before this world came into existence. The world came into existence by chance. It will come to nothing in the end according to this doctrine. lJ~ [sunyvadi] adj who believes in the doctrine of 'nothingness.' See Ij (,)J1~I. lJtf [sup] Skt n a kitchen. 2 cooked lentils;
1fd'
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soup. 3 Skt a winnowing tray. "pa sup principles which the Sufis profess: me barkhat sali."-NP 'There is a custom (a) God is in all and all are in God. among Khatris that at the time of the birth of (b) Rei igion ;s not the way to salvation, it a son, they rain grains from a winnowing tray.' is a way to life. (c) The whole creation is in the will of 4 short form for ~l.f?i1:jT (~tf~) "jahf huh sup."-ramav. God. Man can do nothing without His consent. ~ [supkar] n one who prepares soup; a cook. 2 one who makes a winnowing tray. (d) The soul existed before the body and lJ1f<'ll:IT [supnakha] Skt ~.2 Ravan's sister will unite with God according to one's who had nails like a winnowing tray. According deeds. to the Ramayan, she was charmed by the (e) One can reunite with God through deep beauty of Ram ChandaI'. When she wanted to meditation with the blessing of a marry Ram ChandaI', he sent her to Lachhman. competent Guru. As the Vedantists believe in seven stages, Lachhman again sent her to Ram ChandaI'. In the end she got furious and quarrelled with Sita. the Sufis visualise four stages to cover the journey of life for achieving unity with God. Ram ChandaI' told Lachhman to mutilate a The seeker of spiritual knowledge is called limb of her body. So Lachhman cut her nose 'saIIk' . and ears. To avenge his sister, Ravan stealthily The first stage is 'nasut' (humanism) in took away Sita. Because of this, there was a which one must act according to the Shariat. war between Ram ChandaI' and Ravan. The second stage is 'malkut' (farI$ta "supnakha Ih bhat suni jab."-ramav. lJG [suph] A.J~ n wool. 2 a woollen cloth, a khaslat) in which one has to follow "taribt" blanket. "k;'ln musla suph gall. "-5 farid. i.e. guidelines given by the 'mur$Id' (guru). The third stage is 'jdbrut' (power) in which 'having a strip of cloth (for a seat to perform one achieves 'marphat' (spiritual knowledge). namaz) over the shoulder, and wearing a loose The fourth stage is 'fana' (extinction) in sleeveless gown round the neck.' which one achieves 'hakikdt' (truth, reality ~GEt [suphai] See ~. stage) In this stage all worldly objects vanish 1JGT [suphi] A This word means sacredness and one achieves 'vasal' (unification with and wool in Arabic. One who wears a woollen God). blanket or a loose sleeveless gown of blanket is a Sufi. 2 One who has purity of soul, he is 1JW [suba] A -:,:, n a province of a state. 2 the a Sufi. 3 Greek word 'sophia' means ruler of a province; a governor, subedar. enlightened. One who is enlightened or ~ [subi] an ancient caste ofArabia. Its correct pronunciation is 'sabi.' Sabians support long learned is a Sufi. 4 a sect of Islam called sufi hair and beards. Their religious book is older or sufai which is a result ofthe combination than the Quran. They don't have marital of Vedant and Islam. Bahauddin Sam was a preacher of this sect who I ived in the early relations with the Muslims. They reside in Basra and the nearby towns. Most of them thirteenth century. Following are the work as goldsmiths. '~ - FJOlf is also a correct spelling. During the World War 1914-1918 the Sabi '~is also correct.
'ff.1
J;,
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people showered love on those Sikhs who went to Basra. There is reference to Sabis in the Quran. See~' ~ 22, i'l1jT"(jj3" 17. ~ [subedar] See ~"W 2. 2 a junior commissioned officer in the army is also known as subedar. ~ [subedari] n the rank of a provincial governor. 2 the ruler of a province. lJH [sum] A (;. adj inauspicious. 2 miserly "sum-hI dhanu rakhan kau dia."-asa kabir. See~. 3 Skt n water. 4 milk. 5 the sky. ~ [sumsophi] a miser and teetotaller. "gae sum sophi n;')gi dhar rrnlc;!i."-G V 10. lJliT [suy] A L. Y n towards, direction. 2 See f,ffu. [sur] Skt n a convulsive stomach ache. "bhayo sur raja ju maryo.-cantr 218. See ~ ~. 2 a thorn, enemy "sur suran ke han kare." -GPs. 3 a trident, ajavelin, a spear. "hate satru gan gahI kar sur."--GPs. 4 Skt the sun. "nam japat kotI sur ujIara."-jEt m 5. "kete fd cad sur kete."-japu. 5 spiriwal enlightenment spiritual insight. "ugvE sur asur s;')gharE."-o<'ikar. Here asur means depravity. 6 As per the practice ofyog, this word signifies respiration through the right nostril,. whose diety is supposed to be the sun. "sur sat khofsa dat kia."-maru jedev. 7 a scholar, a learned man. 8 Skt warrior, hero. "as;')kh sur muh bhakh sar."-japu. 9 Skt F.hf courage, bravery. "khatri sabd;,) sur sabd;')."-var asa. 10 Skt1~ a pig; a swine. "sur tam vrid par, sur ra!). dOd par, sur dItIn;')d par."l-GPS. Pork is prohibited in Qurclll. See J~cl3' B'ffif, )}fTlJl3' 71. Jews consider pig unholy as Moses has included it among unclean animals. 2 Sikhs
'Shukar dominates Hiranayakship or Harnakash. son of the prophet Ditti. 'Those animals which do not ruminate and have cloven hoofs are termed impious by prophet Musa See The Bible's Dictionary by Sir W. Smith for 'unclean meats.'
consider pig as eatable but there is no hard and fast rule. 11 A ~;, a trumpet, a bugle. 12 a war-trumpet clarion of prophet Israphel which will be sounded at the time of Doomsday and the dead will rise in their graves. See. ~ J~ 39, )}fTlJl3' 68. 13 P ~Y a tribe of Pathans ofLodhi dynasty. Sher Shah who defeated Humanyun belonged to this tribe. 14 a congregation for marriage. 15 red colour. 16 a wall for protection of the city, rampart. ~ [surau] n a hero, a warrior. "sati surau sil - ba1v;')t."-savEye m 3 ke. 'R3' [sur sat] n a breath through the right nostril; a cripple. "sur sat khorsa datu kia." -maru jedev. 'recitation of Om mantar for sixteen times by breathing out through the right nostril.' FRf [sur sal'], Frg [sur saw] n a vowel sound uttered through the right-nostril; a leper. "sur saru SOSI 1E."-maru m 1. by 'breathing through the right nostril end your breath', which means to breathe one's last. Ij dH1dld [sursagar] n a book of poetry written by Bhagat Surdas. See ~. lJ"diJ3' [sursut], JfJ it ~ [sur ko balak] n Yam, the god of death. 2 Karan, who was the son of the sun born from the womb of Kunti. "p;')c;!u put sursut adI je s2itokh SIgh, dina jIn dan pun chinta udot hE."-GPS. "kIy sur ko balak k2be ko dan."-krrsan. 3 See ~ 13"3'. lJ-ati [surail Skt wf n the sun. "suraj kIra!).I mI1e."-bIla ch<'it m 5. 2 an indicator of numeral 12 as the Purans believe that there are twelve suns. See ~ 'lJOH. RJJ3' [surajsut] son of the sun, Yam. 2 Saturn, the planet. 3 Karan. 4 Sugreev. 5VaivsvatManu. IjdHlj3 i rsUfajsuta] n daughter of the sun, Yamuna. Jamna. ~ [surajkOc;!] 11 There are many tanks in
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the name of the sun god. but two are very famous. One is near Buria in Ambala district, the other is near Mathura on the bank of the Jamuna. Guru Gobind Singh stayed at both the places on way to Punjab from Patna. See to bloom in the sun light. 3 a round fan, on which the shape of the sun is embroidered with the golden thread. ~ [surajvas] n the sun dynasty. See QTJ-f. lJdl"lliRl [surajvasi] ad} belonging to the sun dynasty. ~ [suraja!)i] n power of the sun. 2 the grandeur of the sun. 3 ad) of the sun. "lakh lajji sobha surja!}i." -datto 1J~ [sura!}], ~ [sura!}u] Skt~n an edible turberous root. The form ~ also conveys the same meaning. L Arum Campanulatum. 1JO'3' [surat] A "::'-.J ~ n a picture, a portrait. 2 a face. 3 A ~.J Y a section of the Quran, a chapter. 4 Skt 1J3" a city near Bombay in Gujarat province which once was an important town of Surashtar. "sukrrt sIgh sura baqo surat ko narpal."-carrtr 166. 5 Skt ~ ad) kind, merciful. ~ [surtal)], ~ [surtal)U] 11 handsomeness; bravery. "manua jitE harr mIlE tIh surta!} ves."-bavan. "khatri karam karE surta!}u pavE."-gau m 4. 1JO'3' ~ [surat badar] n a sea-port near the city of Surat. ~ [suratvi] ad} kind, merciful. See lJd3' 5. "mrrra marjani suratvi moh brta."--c~dj 2. ~ [surta], ~ [surtai] n bravery. lJdfo [suratI] a face. a figure. See~. "suratI dekhI na bhul gavara."-maru solhe m 5. 2 because of the comely face, from appearance. ~ 1jQf3" rft! [suratI muratI adI] the root of face and body from which all faces and bodies emerge. "suratI muratI adI anup." -dhana am 1. ~ [surti] ad) a resident of Sural. 2 having a figure, like for example ~ iJd""3t. ~ [suratv] See ~. 1J? t:TfI' [sur das] a resid~nt of Braj, son of
lw.
[surjaj] n son of the sun, Yam. 2 Karan. 3 a horse-sanama. known as Ashwini Kumar because of such a birth. Ij dftHJFa [surajajarr] 11 born of the sun, Karan, hi5: enemy Arjun.-sanama. 1Jm:l' ii ~ ~ [suraj nil diva dIkhaUI)a] to pretend to educate a great scholar. 1Jm:l' ~ [suraj putrrka] See Ijdl"lij3 ' . 1Jm:l'l:fqrF,f [suraj praka;;] 11 history of Marvar written by Karan, a poet resident of Jodhpur, mentioned by Col Tod in 'Rajasthan.' 2 See
~1Jm:l'.
~
~ [surajmall] son of Guru Hargobind and
mother Maha Devi who was born in Sammat 1674 in Amritsar. Surajmal was married to Khem Kaur daughter of Prem Chand Sili, a resident of Kartarpur. She gave birth to her son Dip Chand in Sammat 1690. Gulab Rai was born in Sammat 1717 and Shyam Chand in Sammat 1719 in the house of Deep Chand, who took amrit from Guru Gobind Singh and turned Singhs. Gulab Singh died intestate. Sodhi Sahib of Anandpur is the lineal decendent of Shyam Singh. He is revered a lot. See FreT. The khaqa (double edged sword) with which amrit was prepared by the great Guru and the Sri Sahib (sword) given by Guru Gobind Singh to be worn by Shyam Singh are in the possession of 'Tikka Sahib' (eldest Sodhi son) of Anandpur. ~ [surajmukhi] n a type of light yellow flower which resembles the sun; sun flower. L Helianthus annuus. 2 a lotus, which comes
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Baba Ramdas Brahaman, born in Sammat 1540. He became a desciple ofVallabhacharya and was devoted to Krishan worship throughout his life. This highly pious poet has written a holy book' Sur Sagar'. Its melodious songs are sung by Vaishnavs in many rags. Surdas is considered among the eight great poets of Braj alongwith Krishan Das, Parmanand, Kumbhan Das, Chaturbhuj, Chheet Swami, Nand Das, Gobind ])as, and Surdas. 2 Madan Mohan Brahmin whose other name was Surdas. He was born in Sammat 1586 and was a great scholar of Sanskrit, Hindi and Persian. To begin with, he was a courtier of Akbar and was an administrator of the Sandila area of Avadh, but in the end he became a recluse and renounced all worldly attachments. He spent the n~st of his life in meditating upon God. The shrine of Surdas stands near Kashi. His verses have been included in Guru Granth Sahib. See cIs ~r. 3 eyeless, blind. As Surdas was blind, a blind person is addressed as Surdas out of respect. ~ [surap] Skt -p.f n a winnowing tray with which grains are winnowed/cleaned. 2 with which grain is measured. 3 a measure of sixty four seers in weight. ~ [surapnakha] See JILl?i1:IiT. ~ [surpur] a village in the princely state of Bikaner, Najamat Rajgarh in tehsil and thana Nauhar Singh. It is five koh from Nauhar. While going from Nauharto Suhave, Guru Gobind Singh stayed in this village. But no gurdwara has been built there. ~ [surbir] adjbrave, valiant. "surbirdhiraj matI pura."-ram m 5. ~ [suramtaJ, ~M [suramtai] 11 bravery,
courage. [surma] 11 brave, valiant. 2 xa blind, sightless. ~ [suray] See lJat1. 2 indicative of numeral twelve because it is believed that there are twelve suns. SeeW lJat'f. t1dGl6(i3 [suraykat] Skt TTq:;-rru:rbCfl:T:I~=\i 11 a jewel or gem; a magnifying glass, which may cause fire after the rays ofthe sun pass through it. lJ~'O(TR' [surayprakas] See lJ"d"H 'l;f"O('TR and
~
~lJdlif IjdwiH [surayvas] See ~ and
QI}-f.
Ij dG1'~d3 [suryavarat] See
RJIrfHcrr.
the time of
lJ'diTtlir [suryoday] Skt

sunrise. 2 the sunrise.
wITCiIf 11
lJdT [sura] Skt ~ brave, valiant. "tudhu jevaQu

avaru na sura jiu."-majh m 5. 2 A D.I;" a face, an appearance, a chapter of Quran. See ~. lJ~ [surakh] See ~. "[d"QH [suranuj] brave younger brother. "suranuja an pekha."-ramav. 'Ram came and saw brave Lachhman, his younger brother.' ~ [suran] See ~. 2 Saturn, the enemy of the sun. lfdTW [sura1a] See 'Fl'"a'"W. 2 adj prickly kind of grass. 3 11 celestial home of the sun; the sky. ~ [sun] Skt 11 the sun. 2 a wild plant of a sandy region, colotropis procera. 3 a caste of the Yadavs. 4 a scholar, learned person. 1Jill [suri] 11 a sow, female pig. 2 a cross, crucifix. "suri upan khelna."-s kabir. 3 a Khatri sub-caste ofKhukhranas. "suri caudhri rahada."-BG 4 P L5.1;" a red rose. 5 adjhappy, cheerful. 6 belonging to the Sur sub-caste. See 1JO 13. '7 a lineage of Pathans which is found in Quella and Pishin in large numbers. ~ [surijE] to the sun, towards the sun. "jIu cakvi dekhI surijE."-kalI am 4. 1J [suruta] 11 an embrasure; a hole in the wall of the fort through which weapons are
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hurled on the enemy. "brkham than bahut bahu dharia aluk rakh suruta."-sar m 5. 2 Skt~ a pathway for the soldiers to move about inside the fort. p;f [sury] See ~. 1JOf ~ [sury v;"l$] See arH. [sui] Skt rp?; a trI$ul, trident. 2 a javelin, spear "tuhi sui srthi tabar, ttl nrkh;"lg aru ban."-scwama. 3 a convulsive stomach ache. b~ Gastralgia. "dusat brahmaI)U mua horkr sul."-bhET m 5. This disease is caused by excessive eating of dry, unripe, stale, heavy viscuous food, blocking excretory and urinary system while doing horse riding, taking excessive tea and smoking. Gastralgia is of many forms and is caused by a number of factors. It should be treated under the supervision and gu idance of a competent doctor. But for ordinary gastralgia, the following treatment is the best: After grinding ginger offici nate, parched borax and asafoetida in the juice of ginger, make small tablets of the size of a big gram grain. One to four tablets may be taken with hot water. Aniseed water and menthol should be taken at intervals. Foment the abdomen. Persley seed treated with colocynth should be taken.' Pump hot water in to the stomach. Castor oil mixed with hot milk may be taken to get rid of constipation. Ginger, black salt, parched asafoetida in
to,
'A hole is driven into a ripe colocynth through which all its seeds are removed and it is filled with persley seed and sealed. It is placed in a pitcher which is then covered with a lid. After forty days the persley seed is removed and dried under shade. This persley is taken to curc stomachache, if taken in 2-4 masa measure with luke warm water.
equal quantity may be mixed in the juice of long beans. Tablets of the size of berry may be made and taken with hot water. Serve one tablet with hot water. 4 thorn. "sui ne s;"lkdt diyo sui jay6 cubhr hr tan. "-GPS. it [sull)i] Skt ~ adj (a lady) who bears a trident. ~ [suldhar] n Shiv, who carries the trident. "tab lag bajrI suldhar ko hr?"-knsall ~ ~ [sulphakhta] It is the name of a rhythm of three beats. "ni di dhfna, ni di dhfna, na ti tfna, na di dhfna." ~ [sular] See lJ?3o. 2 short form for ~. lJW [sula] 11 a base, root. It can also be a short form for the Arabic word J,;, meaning base (root) "tale rebrsa uparI sula." See l.ffuw V3' and ~m. 2 Skt iJW a prostitute, a dancing girl. ~ [sulak], ~ [sulaku] See J3OT1:f. 2 Skt ~,a thin rod. "parkhe parkhanhare bahurI sulak na hoi. "-bhcr a m 1. 'Testing the purity can not be done with a rod; a hole is required to be made with a sharp point of the needle.' ~fu [sulr], ~ [suli] 11 a cross, thorn. "jru taskaf uparI sulr ."-var gau 2 m 5. 2 a worry, concern. "khaval) s;"ldrr sulI ."-var gau 2 ill 5. 3 suffering, pain. "par-hI dojak kr sull." -var gau 2 m 5. 4 Skt ~;or, adj who bears a trident. 5 11 Shiv. ~ [sulisar] There is a village Dharmu cia Kot or Kot Dharmu in tehsil Mansa, district Barnala of Patiala state. There is a gurdwara of Guru Teg Bahadur three fourths of a mile away from this village. The thief who stole Guru Sahib's horse felt sorry for his misdeed at this place and killed himselfby ripping his stomach with a dry branch of j;"lc;l; therefore this came to be known as Sulisar. 125 ghumanons ofland has been given by the state to the gurdwara. This place is about six miles
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away towards the south from Mansa railway time). itfi: [seI] pro11 he, they, that one. "seI muk<'lt station. ~ [sulh<'lr] It is a village in district, tehsil jI m<'lnu jI1)-hI."-guj m 3. 2 adv having and police-station Ambala. Le~;s than a served. [sei] pr011 he, she, they, that one, those furlong away towards the north of this village, there is a gurdwara of Guru Gobind Singh. ones. "sei sah bh<'lgv~t se."-bavan. 2 served. Coming from Lakhnaur the Guru stayed at 3 he serves. "kam dam CIt parvasI sei."-gau this place to oblige the Sangat (religious am 1. congregation). There is an unpaved path five itmre [seikeI] those very people "c~ge miles long connecting the gurdwara 'with seikeI."-var asa. Ambala city railway station. itR [ses] SkI 'F.tFr adj remainder, residual. 2 11 lJ;ft [SUfi] See ~. leftovers. 3 destruction, end. 4 Sheshnag (name of a myth ical snake) "ses nam ~ [surha] See :=JT. it [se] pro11 he, they, that, those. "b~.de se jI sahsraphanI n<'lhI net puran hot."-akal. See p<'lVhI VIcI b~di."~varasa. 2 v past tense of RJ::roraT. 5 God. 6 result, consequence, outcome. ~; were. "Itne j<'ln<'lm bhul pare se."--gau m it~ [sessai], itJ:rnrl:;ft [sessayi] SkI ?iq~llfI;"\ 3. 3 indicative of the ablative; from, out of. 11 Vishnu, who sleeps on Sheslmag. "bIkh se ~mrIt bh<'le."-va<;f a m 3. 4 adj itFlO'OT [sesnag] SkI ~ 11 king of the snake similar to, short form for AA "nE1) adhule t<'ln dynasty and the nether world. There is a story bh<'ls<'lm se."-tukha ch;'it m 1. 5 P < three. in the Purans that it has 1000 heads to shade See fi:Rr.. 6 See ~r. Lord Vishnu. Some people say that it bears it~ [seu] Skl1lCf adj Shiv's devote,e, i.e. an seven netherworlds on its head. Vishnu Puran ascetic "na Ihu j<'lti kahaVE seu."-g5<;f kabir. mentions that whenever it yawns, there accurs 'An individual soul is neither celitbate nor an earthquake. In every kalap (i.e. 4,320,000,000 years) it throws up fire from ascetic.' 2 11 Shiv, Shankar "Sak<'ltI n<'l seu its mouth and all mankind are reduced to hE."-BGK. 3 service. "k<'lr-hI kIS ki seu?" -asa kabir. "C<'lr<'ln k<'lm<'ll s<'lda seu."-savE'ye ashes. Its shape is described like this: "Violet colour, string of white beads in its neck, a m 4 ke. 4 adjwho has been served, worthy to plough in one hand and a mortar in the other." be served. 5 P ~:-- 11 an apple. In India, It is called Anant also. Anant Shirsha is the Kashmiri apple is very delicious. In Sanskrit it is called 'm<'lha b<'ld<'lr.' E Apple. L name of its wife. Some people regard it as Vasuki but others consider it to be different Pyrusmarus. Its after-effect is cool and wet. from it. In the Purans it is believed to be the It strengthens the heart and mind. It removes son ofKashyap and Kadru, and Balram is said bad smell from the mouth. ifRr [$ear] A fi a couplet, a poetic form in to be its incarnation. Its slough is called accordance with specified vowel quantity 'ma1)Idvip' and its abode is called 'ma1)IbhIttT' or 'm<'l1)Imac;l.ap'. (matra) or number of characters (fcfii). iP?f3' [se~t] SkI ~ 11 one's own heart, one's itl] [sesu] See itR. own mind. 2 one's own theory. "tInar se~t na ih:r [seh] SkI i=l'w 11 a porcupine. "tir sarir<'ln bir lahiE."-savE'ye m 3 ke. 3 one's end (death lage bhat man-hu seh sarup dhare hE."
rn
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-knsan. 2 pron he, she, that.
HUtl 3To [sehaj tir] n an arrow made of porcupine's quill, a porcupine's thorn. "rom bure janu sehaj tira."-GV 10. Htra' [sehar] See fI::r<:ra'. HtJOT [sehra] n a chaplet; a garland; a chaplet of flowers tied around the head of a bridegroom on the day of marriage. P nfiY- Many people make a chaplet of brocade thread. H<:W'O [sehvan] a town in district Larkana of Hyderabad Sindh about 142 miles from Roharijunction. In an old fort, there is a holy seat "Nanak Bara", which is worshipped by Hindus and Muslims. While paying a visit to Sindh, Guru Nanak Dev came to this place. Colonel Tod has referred to this gurdwara in 'Rajasthan' . 'Itif~ [sehOQQ]' R1f~ [sehOQ] Skt ~ or ~ n cactus, the thorns of which are like a lion's teeth. "gat dhatu godudh te sehOQQ ke te ghat."-vrfd. See Etuo. jfc{ [sek] n heat, fire. "lagan det na sek. "-maru m 5. 2 Skt'Rtro to sprinkle. ~T [sekI).a], i:ta7;r [sekna] v to heat, to warm. "tIh th:lr jare kahu sekan ayo."-knscm. 2 to roast, parch. Her [sekh] A n an old man. 2 an old man worthy of respect. 3 a scholar. 4 a particular caste of Musl ims. "kahO sekh braham surup."-Clkal. I 5 Skt -F.l-Fr. Sheshnag. "munI jan sekh na lah-hI bhev."-bClsat m 5. 6 SkI Fr1::f an offspring of a Brahmin fallen from his caste. 7 (also used for) hilltop or peak. See
AD. His masoleum is a well known place in Panipat. Guru Nanak Dev met his successor pir 2there. ilc:IJ:rrfu [sekhsa I] See 'FtRR"Uft. "sesnag par sOIbo karE. jag tIh sekhsaI uccrE."-VN. Her ~ [sekh kala] ~-m'. the whole of Vaisheshik Shastar written by Kal)ad Muni. "kahu bed patajala sekhkala."-gyan. Herft:rtrffi [sekh CIhli], iDfftl'c;IT [~ex cIlli] Many Muslim fakirs having kept fast for 40 days are known by this name. One was a holyman from district Atak. The other was Abdul Kadir, a great saint who lived at Banur. His tomb at Thanesar was built in 1271 AD. He was carefree and pleasure-loving. He used to concoct many stories which made people laugh but the moral of each story was full of meaningful teaching. 2 Now-a-days, a day dreamer, or he who builds castles in the air, is called a Sheikh Chilli. lh:.forar [s ekhna g] See 'R1=r?;rar. iP:forfar [sekhnagI] Sheshnag (nominative case). "sekhnagI tero maram na jana."
-dhCllla kClbir.
HCf
~ [sekh farid] See ~.
Rcr<:]UH [sekh braham] (JI/.lt Sheikh Ibrahim.

See ~. "sekh farid patan hE jahfva. sekh braham tab bas hi tahfva."-NP HCf ~ ~ [sekh muhamad mohsan] See
t
fa H3 [()
1-fRT(J1l.
Her
tr~ [sekh mubarak] See lMGflM.
Hem
jh.f ~ [~ex ~araf] ..J
V~
Abu Ali Kalandar was known as Shiekh Sharf. He was born in Iran and lived in India at Panipat. This holyman died at Panipat on August 30, 1332
Je.
[sekhar] Skt n pertaining to the top, crown, coronet. "sekhar soh I lIlar udar ke." -NP 2 a knot of hair, tuft of hair left unshorn on the top of the head. 3 a poet, named Chandar Shekhar, who added glory to the
'Disciples and successors of celebrated pirs were called by the names of their murshids (spiritual teachers). This is why in some legends the Guru is described as having discourse with Sheikh Sharf.
[He who converts from Hinduism to Islam is also called a Sheikh.
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court of Patiala ruler Maharaja Narendar Singh. Born in 1798 AD, he died in 1875 AD. He wrote many excellent books 'Guru Pachasa' a poem written in praise afthe Guru, is a lovely composition from which some verses are given below: jap tap jog jagg jajan karat jete jugan praman tete sadhan karan hi':, sIddh hot koi kal paykE pra:3Iddh hot nddln ki samnddhI hot kahli ke gharan hi':, :;;ekhar asekh ka1:Ikalukh nasaybe ko muktI batayh2 ko Jqhar c~haran hE, satan :;;aran sace mamta haran ei gurudev nanak ke p;'lkaj caran he. puran pratap pOj sarad sudhakar jo mad mad has c;'ldrIka te caru sarSE,. klid ki kali si dasnavli anup laSE locan vIsal k~.j majutai parsE, bani ko sadan kavI :;;ekhar prasan sada saras sudha te bEn makrad ba1'5, barad bInod bharyo VI:;;V ko darad har :;;ri gobfd sfgh ko mukharbfd darse. amal a';;It khal dalan dalan dutI malIn karat sasI prIvekh lajE hE, CItrIt VIcItr hem hiran jatIt ar dhar atI tikhi ugr san dhar sajE hE, :;;ekhar gobfd kEsoayudh amogh, kar :;;ri gobfdsfgh ju ke cakr chabI chajE hE, 10k tam haran mayukhan sametmano kamal sanal pE prabhakar vuajE hE. gyanIn ko gyan yogdhyan dine dhyanIn ko bhaktan ko dini bhakt:[ puran vIdhan ki, yackan gram dine mulak aram dine dini pat:;;ahi pat:;;ahan praman ki, :;;ekhar rajat hem ha thi hay hira ha r dine kavI logan vadhai yas gan kL, sace pat:;;ah :;;ri gobfd sfgh guru ju ki dekh dan dhara bhuli matI maghvan ki. H-t:ffl" [sekharL Rcr;IT [sekhri] a Khatri sub-caste. "sekhar sadh vakhar;ti ahI."-BG
Rl:fT [sekha] a village in Barnala district of

Patiala state, which is five koh towards the west from Mulowal and one mile towards the south from Sekha railway station. Two gurdwaras of Guru Teg Bahadur are there in the village. One is a furlong to the east where the Guru had stayed during his sojourn. It has got land from the state ofPatiala that requires four ploughs for cultivation. About haifa mile to the west of the village there is Manj i Sahib. Guru Sahib stayed here to take milk offered reverently to him by a lady. To this gurdwara land requiring two-ploughs for cultivation has been donated by the state. 2 an address to a Shekh "sekha ! ;'ldar-hu joru chaQI."-var bIha m 3. 3 SkI' BH result, consequence, outcome. "kahIt sunat kIChu satI na upjat, bIn VIcar kIa sekha?"-sar m 5. 4 Skt R'w. an offering made to a deiry.; a present; worship. 'ftcft [sekhi] P 11 affectation of wisdom; boast, pride. #1!Y~ [sekhupura] a district of Punjab, in which Nankana Sahib is now situated. King Jahangir liked this place for hunting and established a small village under the name Jahangirabad. Remnants of the buildings of the time are yet extant there. I See ~ ft::fur. Rif' [sekh6] a Jat sub-caste. Ftif' y-a- [sekh6 pur] See 1'ft:J?> Fft:r 2. Ftur [segh] S 11 briskness, smartness. Ft'ur [segh] Skt adj one who is associated with a lion; of a lion. 2 lion-like i.e. brave, heroic. "jEse palan saran segh."-mali m 5. 3 See Ftur. Rtfi') [sec:ml, RtJ?iT [secna] Skt 11 irrigation, watering. 2 spraying. 3 dampening. 4 a vessel like a bucket used for irrigation.
J::
'Some are of the opinion that Shekhu was the pet name ofJahangir by which he was called by his parents. Hence this. favourite village of his acquired this name.
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Rtr
578
from perspiration. 2 n a kind of very small bed. "sej sohni cadan CJa."-sor a m 5. creatures which are born from moisture ofthe ~ [sejbad] n a string for fastening beddings; earth and from perspiration; spontaneous a small rope of cotton or si Ik to tie bed sheets generation. "aqaj jeraj setaj utbhuj tere kine to the tops of bedstead's legs. "sej bad guphe jata."-sor m 1. baq jari."-GPS. R30r [set-tal Skt ~33'" n whiteness. it=Rft [sejril, ~ [sejria] See Rtr and it=P'. H~3' [setdut] Dg n the moon, whose shine is "tau meri sukh sejria." -sar m 5. white. SkI ~3'tg8. R;:r ~l')fT [sej va1ua] n See~. a bed string. R~ [setbara!.).] white colour. 2 frightened; "basaku sej va1ua."-mala namdev. 'Snake with face turned white. "set bara!.). sab duta." Vasuki is string-like.' guj a chJt m I. 'All perversions are fearstricken .. H";:r;ft [sejriJ, it=P' [seja] Skt a bedstead. "seja suhavi sagI prabh kE."-bIha chJt m 5. "na ~!T [setbadh] See ~. ma!.).e sukh sejri, bInu PIr bad sigaru."-sri a R31 [seti] with, alongside, alongwith. "seti m 1. khasam samaI ."-var asa m 2. "manu mera Re [seth] SkI JI1'! adj supreme. 2 wealthy. 3 n dIa1u seti thIrU na rahE."-asa m I. 2 from, a money lender. 4 a title for rich Marvari and out of. Parsi merchants. ~ [setu] Skt n a bridge. "badhIo setu bIdhatE." Ror [setha] an Arora, resident of Chuhnian, -sIdhgosatI. who by becoming a devotee of Guru Arjun R~l:f!T [setubadh] See )o)fTt}-f and ~lJo. 2 a Dev attained spiritual enlightenment. book, in which details are given of the Fto't [sethi] a sub-caste of Khukhran business construction of the boat-bridge over Jehlum community. "la1a sethi jal)iE."-BG 2 a subby Pravarsen, king of Kashmir. caste of Aroras. 3 a rich man's business of ~1:f!T ~~o [setubadh rame~var] See 1'If'"t}f money lend ing. See Ro. and ~JTCf. ~ [se!.).I] Skt JIfu' n a row, queue. R~rft [setubadhi] adj resident of Setubandh ~ [se!.).u] See it! 7. (Rameshvar) Ft3' [set] Skt ~3' adj white. "sIahau hoa set." ~ [setabar] Skt~3'-nfaGwhite sky. 2 char-barahmaha majh i.e. 'has become old.' See acterized by a virtuous trait; dominated by flr3'. 2 with, alongside, along with. "prabh ki knowledge. "sam kahE set'ibar suami."-var dargah sobha set."-gau m 5. 3 SkI R~ n asa. 3 in white dress; incarnation of the swan. See JHI~3Id. 4 a sect of Jainis. See Ro. coolness. 4 calmness. "gar dEn hari bo1hari qari set ko."-BGK. 'One who speaks abusive R~ [sedur] Skt ~ n vermilion. "na sedur mag savari."-carItr 367. words is devoid of calmness.' 5 See R~. 6 short form for H3'ii (if rtf) "utbhuj set Rtr [sedh] n straightness. "karhu sedh IS tare bInadha."-sar m 5. dISI ko ham ko khoj 1ehu tIt jaI."-GPS. Ft3' ~ ~ [set aset ajIna] n a deer with 2 Skt adjfrightened, timid. 3 n an obstruction, dappled skin; a black deer-sanama. ban. ~ [sedhkhana] P ..;(,;.:.:/' alavatory, stools. R3' ~ [set kust] See ~3' ~. R3t1 [setaj] SkI adj pests like lice born Ftw [sedh;::Jr] See Fr~.
Ht:r [sej] Skt'WJJJ n a bed for sleeping, bedstead,
-Ftttr
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R~ [sedhav] See H~.
H'g"a" [sedhur] See H~. "tTn sedhur miig dai SH pE."-krrs<JTI. 'put a line of vermilion on the head.' 2 See 1~. Ho [sen] Skt ~ ad) with pity; melted. "jlnI mIlIa pathar sen."-kan m 4. 'Even stone like hearts melt.' 2 Skt"WR n sleep. 3 rest; quiet resulting from self-realisation. "ablnasi sukh sen."-r<Jt<Jnmala. 4 wise. See E sane. ad) intelligent learned. 5 Skt "B'l dependent. Hor [sena] Skt n Indar's queen. 2: army. In Sanskrit documents different names have been given to army on the basis of its numerical strength. For example an an'ly with one chariot, one elephant, three horses and five unmounted troops, is called 'patti'. Three pattis make one senamukh. Three senamukhs constitute a 'gulam'; three gulams form a 'gal)'; three 'gal)s' comprise a "VahIl)i'; three vahlnis are a 'pntna'; three prItnas make a 'camu'; three camus form an 'aniklni'; ten aniklnis constiitute an ak~Jhlni and a group often ak$JhIl)is consitute a bal. The commander-in-chief of a baI is called master rathi. ~ [senanath], H?i'7i'1 [senanil, FT"i'i'lff3" [senapatI] n a commander of the armed forces; a general; an army commander. 2 Kartikey, son of Shiv. HorlJl:f [senamukh] See m)T. H"8" [seb] See H". 2 Skt FfJl ad)' venerable, worthy of worship. "pavhi nahI s(~b."-2Jka1. 3 p ~ n an apple. See tt! 5. H~ [sebar], Hafer [sebarT] See rrm-r.~ and f'l:n.m. "nalier phaI sebar paka."--ram k2Jbir.
See~.
also. HH [sem] P (;:; ad) own self; third. "dom TId sem ek so ahi."-g<Ju r<JvIdas. 'There is no friend like the Creator. It is not a question of the Trinity.' "avaI dam na sem kharaba."-BG 'There is no fight among Brahma, Vishnu and Shiv.' 2 Skt~ a type of bean - grain which is small or big in size and is of various colours and is cooked as a vegetable. HHO [semar] See f'l:n.m. "semar phaI jlu tahI banau."-NP Hl;:fftf [semukhr] See inJc:ft, "semukhr jrn kar dly mam puta."-NP 'Wisdom has purified my mind.' Hl::ffcro1 [semukhlni] n a prudent army. 2 a group of intellectuals comprising such an army-sanama. ffip:it [semukhi] SktID.:rcIT n intelligence, intellect, wisdom, sagacity. "semukhi vlsekha janE Iekha.-NP Fra" [ser] Skt"BC'fi n fortieth part of a maund; a measure of four pau weight.! "dUI ser magau cuna."-sor kdbir. 2 P a lion. 3 ad) courageous, brave. "bunaiii hUI ser."-var gu) 2 m 5. ihr nf~ [$er 3dam] P ad) having a leonine body. F.loJ:rru [$er$ah] ~~.1 son of Hasan Khan, landlord ofSehasram and grandson ofIbrahim Khan who was a Pathan of the Sur dynasty. Earlier he was named Farid Khan. While serving king Lohani of Bihar, Farid killed a lion and was given the title of Sher Khan. He defeated Hymayun on 17 th May, 1540 AD in the battle of Kanauj and drove him out of
.1
(U'.1
IS eer and maund as measures have been changing with
1h:rc? [sebal] See f'mTtc;).

-var sri m 4.
"hi ape VTCI sebal."
the passage of time. In the time ofKabir. a seer was not equal to eighty tolas. At this juncture in the Punjab, a kacha seer is equal to thirty four and a half tolas and one masa.
-R-aJr [seby] See

-Rf'g [sebhT],
Hm-
~.
[sebhi] H-~ he too; that
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India. On January 25, 1542 AD he ascended A lion, on the other hand, does not care for the throne of Delhi with great pomp and show the weapon but keeps an eye on the ki lIer. and acquired the status of a fair-minded Similarly, ignorant people indulge in fighting sovereign. He died on 24 May. 1545 AD. In considering others as givers ofjoy and sorrow Sahasram, the tomb ofShershah is a beautiful but Guru-oriented people keep an eye on building, worthy of a visit. See ~. actions which control everything. i.hJ fi::fuf [$er sfgh] a soldier of Guru Gobind it-a M [$er nar] P adj(a man) brave as a Singh who was posted at Lohgarh fort of lion. 2 a heroic person. 3 a powerful lion. 4 a lion-like man. Anandpur. He faced the enemies with great courage. it-afo [$eralu], 'ffirit [$erni] a tigress, a lioness; 2 son of Maharaja Ranj it Singh and a Sikh woman. "mngan vIkar brfd ko Maharani Matab Kaur, born in 1807 AD. who seranI."-GPS. ascended the throne of Lahore on January 18, it-all'RTS' [$<:,r p~jab] a title of Maharaja Ranjit 1841 AD after Prince Naunihal Singh, and on Singh. September 15, 1843 AD, he was treacherously ~ [$erbaca] n a type of small gun having the figure of lion on its mouth. It is called shot dead by Ajit Singh Sandhawalia near Shah Bilaval in the Barandari area. 'baghbaca' (lion's cub) also. 2 son of the Khalsa, a warrior. ~ [$erkhan] See ~ and ~. ~ [$ergarh] See ~ l'hr. 2 a village in tehsil it-a ~ 1::fTO [$er muh~mad khan] This Maleria Path an sided with Vazir Khan during the thana Jalalabad of district Ferozepur. It is about five to six miles to the north from battle of Chamkaur to fight against Guru Jalalabad railway station. At a very short Gobind Singh. His real brother Khijar Khan whom the Guru mentions as Khwaja Mardud distance to the east of this village is a gurdwara of Guru Gobind Singh near Tahlian in Jafarnama, saved himselffrom an arrow of Phattu Sammu Kian. When the Guru arrived the Guru by hiding behind a wall. Sher here, Dogar, Phattu and Saml1lu, presented a Muhammad was killed by a Sikh in Sammat covering for the waist and a cotton-blanket 1767 during the battle of Sirhind. to him, which were the gift-items of this area. it-a ljii:' [$er muchh], l'hr 1f5 [$er much] a Iion's The building of Manji Sahib is complete whisker. In olden days jealousy-ridden people used to mix a hair cut from lion's whisker in which had 85 ghumaons ofland but now only 30 ghumaons are left. A baptised Sikh looks the meal served to an enemy. It was thought that once it went into the stomach it caused after the gurdwara. such injuries as became the reason for his ~ [$ergIll] a subcaste of Jats to which death. Once, Aurangzeb served Iion's whisker belong the landlords of Majitha and mixed in rice to Dara Shikoh. "$er much Naushehra villages (Amritsar). katraykE cavar mahI pai."-GPS. The life of ~ [$erdIl] P J) adjhaving a lion- hearted, Dara Shikoh was spared with the grace of brave. Guru Har Rai's kindness. ~ [$erdrI$tI] n a lion's vision. "kukardrIstI na kabI man dharni. $erdnstI gurmukh hv ~ [serva] ft:rcr-1..fTt! shorter ann, head or foot karni."-NP A dog bites a stick and a brick. bar of a cot.
;2
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[sevak] a servant, slave, attendant. "sevak -BG sevhI gurmukllI han jata."-ma}h am 3. 'R2 [seru] See 'Fro. R~O(J1re [sevakbhaI], ~ [sevakbhav] n E-a' ;:p:;Ji' [sere jaya] P ad} an angry lion, furious slavery, service. 2 spirit of service. lion. Seeft::!rt2. "sevakbhaI mIle bac;! bhagi."-vaQ chat m 4. 'R1?' [sell n information about one's well-being. ~ [sevka] a maidservant; a slave girl. "mala See~. 2 See Hw. a spear,javelin, '''cot suheli jakE sevkaI."-bhr a m 5. 2 n army sel ki."-s kabir. containing a group of maid servants-sanama. ~ [selmsel] A ( to tie. P () J: a hoof. ~ [sevkai] n service; slavery. "nama praDVE selamsel. gau duhai bachra ~ [sevaln] adjmaid servant, slave girl. "so mel."-bhE'r. having tied (the hind legs) with sevakI ram plari."-ram m 1. "kavla sevakI a rope.' tIsu."-var bIla m 3. Ftw [sela] n a lance, spear, pike, javeline. ~ [sevki] n service, slavery. 2 service. "karE ~ [selab] P ...... 1J..- flood of water. 2 moiisture, sevki sabh hi gramu."-GPs. 3 vermicelli, an wetness. item made of fiine wheat flour which is eaten Frnt [seli] n a plaid rope of black wool or silk after it is cooked like rice. 4 a sweetmeat, which is tied on a turban or cap, or is worn which is made of fine wheat flour and of around the neck by monks. Among Guru gramflour, and soaked in sugar-syrup. "sevkia Nanak Dev's disciples this tradlition of Clrve lac;!ua."-krIsan. wearing continued up to Guru Arjan Dev. ~ [sevaku] See R~. "sevaku kino sada While ascending the throne, Guru Hargobind nlhalu. "-sukhmani. kept this rope in the treasure house and wore ~ [sevatl ad} served; what has been served. a sword instead. 2 2 a whirl, spin. "sevat seVI seVI sadh sevau."-bIla m 5. 'By R~ [selu] ad} one who keeps a spear. 2 an people are served kings, by whom are served informer, tattler. "dusar selu dai sel pahucaI." deities, on whose account are served sadhus - PPP 3 Dg lasura, a deciduous tree and its (mendicants), (you) had better serve them.' glutinous fruit. See~. 2 n ~~. Arjun. In Sastarnammala 'sevat' ffi;fl:ft [selakhi] In Panth Prakash this word has has been used in place of'svetvah'. See~~. been used in place of~t. See Ff<~cft. ~ [sevti] SkI ~ n a white rose, which is 1rn [sev] See ~ and Fra'. 2 Skt mer dear. "han generally found in the jungle. Its medicinal sev sevak sevki."-vaQ m 4 ghoria. 'service of paste is very useful. L Rosa glandulifera. the dear disciple of God.' ;3 wealth, treasury. ~ [sevdar], R~ [sevdaru] a servant, 4 In Nirukt 'sev' means comfort. 5 Skt1=r2Jf ad} attendant, disciple. "puja satI satI sevdar." worthy of service, deserving worship. "akh-sukhmani. hl sun nar munT jan sev."-}apu. 6 Se:e fR. ~ [sevadllI] SkI n a treasury of Kuber. 7 short form of~~. 8 SkI ~~ vr to serve, work mo [sevan] n sewing. 2 serving. as an employee, to trust, worship. ~ [sevanI] (women) serve. "sevanI sai 'Many scholars confuse selmasel with Salim Shah. But apDa."-var suhi m 3. 2 (men) serve. this is wrong as Namdev lived much earli,:;r. ~ [sevniy] SkI ad} worthy of service. 2 worthy of sewing. 2 se li is a symbol of asceticism and renunciation.
M
Rm [seril:t] See R~. "ketapa seril:l vllahi."
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H~ [sevyman] adj worshipped.
~ [sevri] service. 2 a maidservant. slave
girl. "mE jugI jugI daYE sevri."-sri m 5 pEpaI. ~ [seva] 11 service, attendance, worsh ip. "namE ki sabh seva karE."-asa am 3. 2 P ~r.ta manner, method, regulation. "gurmatI pae sahajI seva."-asa m 1.3 a habit. nature. 4 In Sindhi, 'seva' is pronounced as '~eva' and means worship or offering. ~ fRur [seva SIgh] He came with Masand Duni Chand from Amritsar to support Guru Gobind Singh in the battle of Anandpur but as a coward he too fled with Duni Chand. ~ tit [seva ji] See ~ tit. ~ [sevadas] a Brahman Sikh resident of Kashmir, who was the son of Mai Bhagbhari. He became Guru Sahib's disciple in the company of Madho Sodhi. "seva das laI nlj sev."-GPs. See~. 2 Many writers have mentioned Seva Ram as Seva Das. See ~. 3 a person, resident ofPathohar who wrote a Janamsakhi of Guru Nanak Dev in 1588 AD. ~ ~ [seva dasia], ~ 1.hft [seva pathi] See ~. Ftfu [sevI] See 2 having served "sevI saeI samala."~maru a m 1. 'merged into truth.' Hfucrr [sevlka] SkI Hm. vermicelli, a hand made eatable item of wheat flour looking like cotton-yarn. 2 a slave girl, female attendant. Hm [sevi] SeeFt-fuor'. 2 adjone who serves, a servant. 3 able to be served, worthy of service. ~ [seviale], ~ [sevile] it is worth while to perform service; let us serve. "sevile gopal raI."-mala namdev. ~ [sevEya] adj who worships. ~ [sevan] See FRo. 2 See Ft and <to. ~ [sevy] Skt adj worthy of service, worthy of worship. 2 dear, lovable.
H [sEl
11
one hundred. "SE nage nahr nag.
~var mam 2 m 5. "sat SE ki katha yahr puri
m.
bhai hE."-cac;ii 1. 2 part of, to, for, towards. "sabhs2 de dataru. "-var guj 2 m 5. 3 v present tense of ~ (to be), "nanak jal ko min S2." -prabha m 1. 4 part from, out of. "nar S2 narr hOI autrE."-gSc;i namdev. 5 SkI FJ. own self. "has Uc;lIO tan gac;lIo sojhai S2 nah."-s kabir. 'There was no self-understanding.' 6 Ai:... n an article, a thing "tu jarwi sabh sE."~var asa. HfTO [sEan] adj hundreds i.e. infinite "na11dk lalnri lakh s2an."--var guj 2 m 5.211 wisdom, prudence intelligence. 3 See 'FfGIT7). 4 S adv properly, accurately, correctly. 5 on the right path. H>wor [sEanal, ~ [s2ani] adj wise, prudent, intelligent. "mE baura sabh khalak sEani." -bIla kabir. R-fu' [SEl] 11 one hundred "satan SEl salar hE jake."-bhu kabir. 2 See R'Gr. HJ:rro [sEsar], Fr'wcr [sEsar], ~ [sEsarra] SkI ~ 11 which keeps on sliding, never in one particular state; the world. "laha bhagatI sEsare."-vacj chat m 3. "Esa baji sEsar."-tIlag m 4. "sabh mukdt hoa sEsarra."-sri m 5. pEpa T. "bharam bhula sEsara."-sor m 3. Fn=rfu' [sEsarr] in the \vorld "kltu ala sesarr." -var vacj m 3. H~ [s2sari] adj worldly, earthly. "bhagta tE sEsaria jaru kade na ala.,,__ var maj11 m 1. 2 attached to worldly possessions. ffi:Jcit [sEhathi] SkI ~ 11 spear. "sEph sarohi sEhathi. "~sanama. ~ [sEhathiara] adj one having a spear. F.l-u-o [~Ehar] See ffiRf. ~ [sEhal] See 'FI"UC? HiX [sEk], H'a3T [sEkra],'~ [sEkrk] about one hundred, a hundred only. 2 a century. IDr [~EX] See Rtf.
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Ft'ID
[sEci] n a file of papers. a collection of a large number of papers: volume. ~ [SEQali] adj hundreds of branches, having innumerable offshoots. "malI takhat bEtha
sEQali."-var ram 3.
Ftc; [SEI).] He was a barber of Bandhavgarh

(Riva) king Raja Ram. Becoming a follower of Raman and, he served saints with devotion and was counted among worshippers of high status. These days" Sen 's d,~scendants Iive in Riva. A hymn by this holyman is in Guru Granth Sahib. "so; bhEI).E bhaj parmanade." -dhana. 2 Dg husband, master, owner. "han mel-hu sajan so;."-majh ill 5 dInrql. 3 Skt F.1til7) to steep. "sOdar m5dar sEJIJah jeI} m;~dhy harIkirtanah."-gatha. 4 Skt armed forces, army. "gahat sEI).."-c;'Jcji 2. 5 Ski 1~7>"'Jr adj connected with the army. 6 11 a soldier. warrior. 7 S ~. father of the bride or the groom. i.e. relatives; relation. "se SEI). se sajna."-var sor m 3. ~ [sllJpaI] adj a commander, a general, an army-commander. W [sEl).a] a devoted Jat who was a writer in the court of Guru Gobind Singh. The poet Senapati is different from him. Once he committed some crime and f<~aring the Guru's wrath, he ran away and on reaching home he composed a rhymed couplet: jab te prabhu te bichure karyo krIkh:i ko that, brIkhbhan s;'igatI ham kari bhae jat ke jato The tenth Guru called him back to his duties. Ftit [sEl).i] n a caste, equal to Kambo and Malia. 2 an acquaintance. "han prabhu sajan SEl).i jiu."--gau m 4. 3 an army commander. 4 a soldier. Ft~ [SEI).U] See Ftc; 2. "sajal).u tu hE so;u tu mE." -suhi a m 5. Ft3?iT [sEtna] v to expand wealth; collect,
accumulate. See 7i'B 4. ~ [sEtan] A I.:J~ Satan n In the Bible and Quran. he is termed an angel who instigates man towards evi I. It was only he who deceitfully made Adam eat the prohibited fruit. According to Quran, Satan is made of fire element only. God created Adam from clay and ordered the angels to bow before him. All except Satan obeyed the order. When God asked Satan to explain the reason, Satan replied that he himself was made of fire while Adam was made of clay and hence Adam was inferior to him. On this God reproached Satan and asked him to quit heaven. In anger Satan said to God, "OK! I have been meted this treatment and I will not allow Adam's offspring to come to you and men will not be grateful to you." See (~ IJa-3' ~, fTGf3' 11 to 17. 2 adjmean, sinful, riotous, rowdy. 3 Skt~ Kamdev, whose arrows are sharp. "agadu parE sEtan ve laIo."-tI1Jg m I.' 'Cupid is performing the duties ofKaji and Purohit.' See
ralt.
~ [sEtanIa] adj influenced by Satan.
"bIn purE gurudev phIrE sEtanIa."-var jEt. [sEtani] n mischievousness, mischief. "ChOQI kateb karE sEtani."-bha kCJbir. 2 adj who is a pupil of Satan; devilish. "nanak snkhuthe sEtani."-var majh m 1. See Ft3ro. ~ [sEtali] forty seven, 47. H'3t [SEti] thirty seven, 37. Ftm [SEthi] See FtCTEft. "tuhi suI SEthi tabar."
HotoT
-sCJnama.
R't:
[SEd] A ~::'" n prey, a forest animal. 2 the animal to be killed and hunted. 3 A -f- chief; rich. 4 elderly. 5 See ~. 6 See 'F.P"!il"e'.
'Guru Nanak Dev refers to illegitimate nikah under which helpless maidens were forced into submission. which neither the faith ofKazis nor of Brahmins could approve of.
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butkaria."~asa dh5na.
F!7iGf7j".
~ lSEdak] adv before the eyes; real and
7 a hint, indication. Skt
evident. ~ [sEdkhan] Ul,;~ a commander of Aurangzeb's army, who came to capture Anandpuron 17 Phagun Sammat 1759. While fighting in the battle field, he came in front ofthe Guru whose glimpse impressed him so much that he renounced the royal army and became a disciple of Guru Gobind Singh. Having imbibed the Guru's teachings, he attained the h ightest spiritual status. ~"ij" [sEdpur] See ~ . 7re itar [sEd beg] See Fltr Ft~ [sEdbhikh] See ~. ffi:r [;;Eda] P I~ adjlazy, enamoured. 2 insane; possessed; ecstatic. ~(Jf [sEdabeg] Motivated by the hill-kings, he accompanied sardar Alifkhan to fight against Guru Gobind Singh when an attack was launched on Anandpur. Getting a glimpse ofthe Guru, he became his disciple and joined the Sikh army. Fighting against the Turkish army and the hill-kings, he attained martyrdom. He is different from Saidkhan. Fre [sEdo] a khatri of Ghei sub-caste who was a worshipper of Varun (khvaja). Becoming a follower of Guru Nanak Dev he turned a votary of only one God. During the Guru's sojourn in the South, he was with the Satguru to serve him. ~ [sEdhav] Skt -cr-;=c:rq 11 salt from Sindh; Sindhi salt. 2 a Sindhi horse. 3 a horse. 4 adj pertaining to the sea. Fro [SEn] an army, See il7l. "asur SEn bIn CEn hUI kino hahakar."-c5<;li J. 2 adj acquaintance. "sak sEn."-sukhmani. 3 11 progeny, offspring. "han ka s~t marE harabE ta sagli sm tarai. "-asa kabir. 4 Skt F.fG1?) to sleep "sahaj SEl).."~sor m 5. 5 a soft bed "han SOI rahe saj
Fto ~ [sm sumItr] See ~ Ro. ltot.f [smap]. ~TC) [smpal] chief of the army. a commander. See H7i'"lIf3". "sam smap ke
subh;:lt mahan."-GPs. Ft~ [smbIc;lar] 11 Guru Gobind Singh's favourite horse that could rout the enemy army. Ff""oT [sma] a army. See R7if. "Jr sakal sma jari bacyo su ekE pret."-c5Qi J. 2 adj acquainted, familiar "nam j;:lp-hu mere saj;:ln sEna."-asa m 4. ~ [smail See ~. FtOTfutr [smadlup]. ~ [smadhIpatI], R7;ro't [smani] See Horo'r and ~. ~ [smapatI] See~. 2 a writer and poet in the court of Guru Gobind Singh, \vho translated 'Chanikya Niti'- "guru gobfd ki sabha me lekhak param sujan. cal).ake bhakha kari kaVI sEnapatI nam." He wrote a book also entitled "Gurusobha". See ~ ~
mr.
-aI a. i Ftf'isq [sEluk] adj pertaining to the army; a

soldier. [smi] See Rc:T. 2 adj a soldier; a commander. "kruddh kE dhumr carhe ut smi."~c5<;li J. FlQ [smu] See Ro. "sakha smu prem gobfd." -asa m J. ~ [sd] A ...J;y 11 a straight sword. "sEph sarohi sEhthi. "-sanama. ~ [sEphkhan] See a()i~ddl~. ~ [sEphni] 11 an army which carries straight swords-sanama. 2 a gun -sanama. ~ [sEphabad] See aiJil;ddl~. Ftit [sdi] A 11 a string of beads; a rosary. 2 a chant of a holy hymn to bring the enemy
Ho1
J::
'Akali Kaur Singh has got published the whole of Gurushobha.
SEn taha."-c5Qi J. 6 See
Fl<Y.
"SEn nai
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stone. 3 n a mountain, having lots of stones. "br-hI sEl mdg sEldn keri."-GPS. 4 petrified, ~ [sEphuddin] See aur,~~. stone-like. "sEllod jIn udhna."-savEye m 3 ke. "athI sEl nie ghdr hOI."-o.'Jkar. 'if there H~ [sEbha] Skt ~w, ~ adj which comes into existence on one's own; not created by is wealth in the house of a fooiish and mean anyone else. "dkal murdtI djunI sEbha." person.' 5 rock pitch, rock secretion. 6 hard-japu. 2 In Guru Granth Pradip, Pandit Sadhu hearted, un feel ing. "tirdth na I kdha SUCI Singh has given the meaning of sEbha c.S sEl?"-bhaE m 5. 7 adj immovable "bhde sukh 'which is like a beam of light in the innersEl."-gau m 5. 8 A n flow of water. self.' I "mdnmukh pdthar sEl hE dhng jiVdl) phika." HOlt: [sEydd] A a master. 2 a king. 3 a leader, -asa ami. 'remains dry even in a watercurrent. ' guide. 4 In many books on Islam, this term has been used for the Iineal descendants of FtC'1 ~3T [sEl suta], FtC'1 ~ [sEl kumari], FtC'1 Bibi Fatima and Hazrat Ali. Sayyads are cfiriJlT [sd kanya], ~ [sElja], FtC'1 3('j1j1T [sd respected by Muslims and they are addressed tdnya] n daughter of the Himalayas; Parvati; as Shah, Badshah, Pir, Sharif, etc. Girija. During the Mughal rule only a Sayyad ~ [sEldl1Ipati] Ski 1't~'1'Tft1'l, ad} a used to goad the elephant ofthe king because destroyer of mountains; one who breaks hills no one else could sit with his back facing the and stones with a thunderbolt; Indar. king. "sElanIpati :;;ridIh sur sdsi uqu atak."-NP HOlt: ~ [SEydd dhmdd] See f,:n1t! Rl:i1't. Ftm.reio [Sdpdthdr] adj a hill stone. "sEl pdthdr mahI jat upaI."-sodarLJ. 2 See FtC'1 8. 2See~. HOlt: mer [sEydd bhikh] See ~r ~1tf. ~ [sdraj] n Himalaya, the king of mountains. 2 Sumeru. HW [sEya] See Rw. F,W [sEya] a lord, a master. "cdrca jdbja un HC') if [sf! loa] hard-hearted people. See sEydn ki."-krIs2n. 2 a girl's female FtC'1 4. Hwit [sdani] adj who is a tourist. 2 having a companion or female friend. jh:r [SEr] A ~ n a walk. Se(~ ftr 2 a journey. tendency for roving. Hm [sdi] adj who is a tourist. 2 Skt Rm n 3 P /.:' 'RG adj satisfied, satiated. Hij'g [sEradhr] Skn:fTa- -tRf. having a :Ffh (plough); custom, tradition. 3 a poetic style; usage of words and phrases in a particular way. See E a peasant farmer. H'ij'q't [sEradhri] Skt ~m n a woman having a style. FfTcr (plough); a female farmer. 2 a handicrafts ~ [sElukh] Skt ~ 11 an acrobat; a stage artist. 2 a wood apple tree. woman. 3 This term can also be used for a slave girl. Draupadi was called Sairandhri H~ [sv] Skt Bq pron he, that. 2 Skt 1tcT adj Shiv's; who has a connection with Shiv. 3 n a when she went into hiding allong with Pandavs votary of Shiv. 4 thorn-apple. in the house of Virat. R'C') [sEll See Ho. "tIU tIU sEl kar-h:c jIu ~ [sEval] See '~. bhavE."-gau ravIdas. 2 Skt ~\('[ ad} made of RJf [:;;vyJ adjwho has connection with Shiv. I #fc'r 'ffi'RI '1fB:v1, 11 vr:r. 3j.'(j' Cfi0JT"l. '!iTW':!. 211 a horse of Krishan 's chariot. under subjection. "kdlam sEphi parh muhre turE, ') _.p PP
J:'
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f.t [so] pron his. "so dia na jai khan."-sor

kabir. 'We cannot eat (exhaust) what has been given by Him.' 2 that. "so guru kar-hu jI sacu
dnravE."-elhana am 1. 3 past tense of the verb ~~ was. "jab Ihu na so, tab kInahI upaIa?"-bhEr m 5. 4 adj similar, alike, resembling. "han so hira cha<clkE."-s kabir. "jo jan nIrdaVE rahE so gam: idr so r5k."--s
2 proficient in the lore of Tantar. 3
11
a sub-
caste of Bahujai Khatris. "pIrtha khec:la SOIri."-BG.
FrEt [soil prall
he, himself, that, that very. "soi
soi sada sacu."-japu. 2 adj asleep (womsn). "soi soi jagi."-sor k;;Jbir. 'Only she is half asleep.' 3
11
a caste of Jats which is said to
belong to the dynasty of king Kang. Its members are found in the districts of Sialkot and Gujjranwala in a large number. It is called "sohi" also "hemu soi gurumatI pai."-BG Frm [soijE] please sleep. 2 is sleeping. "jIh prasadI sukh sahajI soijE."-sukhmani.
kabir. 'one who likens a poor man to lndar.' 5 n fame, sholi form of R-fu'.
f.t~ [soul
prol1 he, that one. 2 to sleep. "sukh
Hit
sou hOI aci tao "-gau 111 5. [sou] pron he, that. "sou g;:JI1iE sabh te
uca."-sukhmani. 2 See ~. Ftrr [soa] aeljasleep. 2 n a green leafy vegetable

like aniseed which is cooked ,,,ith spinach. Its after-effect is hot-wet. L Anethum Sowa.
HFf
[sos],
Rrrc: [sosal!] Skt'itFr and Rrrc:.
11
to
dry; dehydrate. See
F1cf.
7
FrFlO
[sosan] See
Rrf2 2 P
(;f y' 11 a lily. This
flower is of many colours. Of them white, yellow and blue are well known. Mc;ny think it to be narcissus, but that is not a fact. This flower belongs to the Amaryllis grandiflora genus.
3 fame, praise. "nIgura manmukh SUl)E na soa."-BG 4 discussion.
FrW
R-fu'
[soa cuk],
Ftrr
l.JTffiX. [soa paLc"lk] soa
and spinach. See ~cx. [SOI] pron that one, he, that. "catur SIal!" sughar SOI."-gau tllIti m 5. 2 n fame. gossip. "ki na sUl!ehi gorie apal! k."mi SOI."sri m 1. "tIn ki HIrmal SOI."--barahmaha majh.
Frii7>'l
Hw
[sosni] adj of lily colour.
[;;o;;a] P ,.::.-; a heap. 2 a thread made of
silver and gold. J a fi-agment, small piece. 4 a spark of fire, sc inti Ila.
3 fragrance, pleasing smell, redolence. "IS

man ko bas5t ki lagE na sOI."-bas5t m 3.
4 fame, praise. "tIS ki SOI suni manu horIa"
Fru [soh] 11 fame.
"gurumukh sei sohde."-sri a
m 3 2 befitting, beautiful.
-asa m 5. 5 See~. "bavar SOI rahe."-asa m 5. 6 adv sleeping "SOI acfta jagI acfta." -bhEr m 5. ~ [SOIa] adj asleep. 2 sat, settled. "gha~I ghatI sOIa."-ram ch2t m 5. 3 looked
beautiful.
FrUR [sohajln aesthetics, beauty. 2 decoration. Fr<:JeT [SObl.la] ael) befitting, beautiful. "sol-me
nak jIln 15mre vala."-vac;i chat m 1. 2 Skr
~ happy, delighted. See
efta' ~'.
3 Nand
Lal, a devotee of Guru Hargobind and a follower of Khwaja, who served the Guru and attained self-realisation. The Guru named "im Sohna. "nam solWa jIS kIS kahia."-GPs. Bhai Sohna died in Sammat 1732: his memorial is at Gurpalah (district Hoshiarpur).
-R-fuo
-g2U
[soIn]
11
gold. "SOIn l.'ika SOIn mari."
m 1. "se asthal soIn caubare."-majh m 5. 2 See~. iffi::cjT [soIna] n gold. 2 to sleep. "nanak suklu sukhI sOIna."-asa m 5.
~ [sOIri] Skt ~ aelj a follower of Shiv.
Fruit [SOhl)I] Hoot FrQ(')T [sohna]
adj a beautiful (woman). 2 See

See
'FRJcr.
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fu:Jo1 [sohni] See rraiT. beautiful. "sohni 5arupI

sUJan bICkhanI."-asa m 5.211 a maiden who Joved Mehiwal. "ravi tir jat Tk raht:. mehival nam Jdg kaht:. nIrakh sohni vaSI hVEgai.' -cantr 101. Sohni used to swinl across the river dai Iy over a pitcher to keep her tryst with Mehiwal. On her return, she '",oui!d hide the pitcher under the bushes. On finding out this secret, her kin replaced the baked pitcher with an unbaked one. When she entered the river the unbaked pitcher got dissolved and she was drowned. On hearing thIIS., Mehiwal died by drowning himself. See R~;1".
Ft~ [sohbat] See "l]<JS3".
sabael sohIla satIguru sunaTa."-anadu. 2 13 (best)-"Vc?r (game) a poem of praise. or victory.
3 a particuiar bam entitled solula in Guru

Granth Sahib which is traditionaly recited/ read at bedtime. "tItu ghan gavhu sohIla." For that reason., it is named so. Ftfuw l.(;[?iT [SOhIla parhna] See G'31w.
Hill [sohi] See FreT. 2 looking graceful. Ft<ftrr [sohia] See "97l9" (a).
~ [sohival] a village between Dhillon and
Dhaule in district Phul ofNabha state where the ninth Guru rested at noon time. There is no gurdwara at th is place, but there is one in the jurisdiction of Dhaule village. See R-fr"w [sohe1a] See ~. "Saral).I paIa nanelk sohe1a."-asa 1n 5.
-a-w.
ih:ro3" [sohrdt] See ~. ihJc? [sohell] Skt lJng(? adj de! icate. Ft~ [sohalral, l=t""uw [sohlal SeeRT&)T. FhJr [sohal, Ft<JTfvw [sohaTa] ad} looking
befitting. elegant. "name karaj soha he."
~ [sohera]
n a sentinel, watchman: one who
-maru s01he m 3. "mIlT saelhsag soh"."--sar m 5 partal. FttfI(IT [so hag] See :ij<JTOT. "thrru sohag var agam agocar."-majh m 5. H~ [sohagal).I], ~t [sohagl:lil, ~ [sohagdnI], FturC!17i1 [sohagni] See lJ~. "putrvatI si1vatI sohagcll)I."--majh m 5. "sobhavati sohagcll:1I ."--sri m 3 "dhanI sohagdnI jo prabhu janf."-suhi m 5. 2 wealth. "sohaganI kIrpan ki puti."-g3Q kabir. Fitrcw [sohaga] See J.j"(J'(lTT. "jIU k~)can sohaga qha1t:. "-oakar. Ft'ijTQf [sohagu] See J]<J'"aT. "tlnw SJtan sohagu man: na javae."-asa chat m 5. ~ [soluara] adj becoming elegant, going about gracefully. "sohIare mere bak eluare." -asa chat m 5. Ft~ [solu1ra], Rfuw [solula] n a paean, panegyric. "maga1 gavhu ta prabhu bhavhu solulra jug care. "--suhi chat m 1. ""kahE nanak
guards very carefully, meaning; one who has lust for wealth.'sohera gharial JIU qukhi rEI). I vIhaI."-s fand. 'The \vatchman (of wealth) leads a painful life like a gong that gets strokes all the time.' 2 greedy of wealth; one who always keeps an eye on wealth. 3 a pickpocket; a thug.
Ftti [sohal Skt WS"iil1, That I am. "soha apu

pachal;tit:."-sri
d
m 1. "tatu nnajan jotI sabai
soha bhedu na koi jiu."-sor 111 1. Ft-cr-Ft [SOh~ISO l, :it<f<fRr [sohah;')sa] m~3itH: He is I, I am He. "soha so ja kau hE japu."-bhra kabir. "soh;')h;')sa japu jap-hu."-var maru 1 ml. Ft~ [sohaelraJ, ~ [sohaela] adj splendid, looking dignified. "sohaelro habh thaI."-sri chat m 5. Fter [sok] Skt Hq 11 heat, warmth. "kI aelItt sokE." -japu. 'gives heat to the sun.' "na sit hE na sok hE."-akal. 2 grief, sorrow. 3 adversity, calamity. R~ [sok-har} adjwho brings an end to grief. 2 11 See }:f3" ~<Jff-fW.
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H~ [sokakul]. H~Cf [sokatur].
HWCB
[sokarat] ad) upset because of grief. HCI" [sokh] See Rrr. "jse sur sarab kau sokh." -sukhmani. See ~. 2 P 0; fast clever. 3 bright, gaudy. 4 shrewd. Hcrq [sokhak] Skt ~ ael) dehydrater, drier. 2 n the wind. 3 the sun. Her<! [sokhal:tl Skt RJ"I"C: n to dry, dehydrate. "bhaI bhagatI ja haum sokh."-ma)h am 3. H1::fO [sokhat] -F.tfFro adj dried, dry. "sokhat kar turan Qing Iaiye."-NP 'Get the garment dried and bring it immediately.' 2 P ..:.5 y lustrous. "te devi sokhat kare bfid tava ki nyaI."-cJc;li 2. HJ::f37'l [soxtan] P y v to burn, brighten. HC:fO [sokhan] See ~. H ~ [sokhIlaIO] got dehydrated, got dried. See ~. Heft [sokhi] P J; n quickness. 2 immodesty. shamelessness. 3 See ~. Hill [sog] P J y n trouble, grief, mourning. Skt~. "sog aganI tIsu jan na blap. "--elhana m5. Herr rcIlfo [sog aganI] fire of mourning, blaze of regret, dolorous suffering. See fur. HilJHilT [sogsog] woe-eradicator, destroyer of sufferings. "namo sogsoge."-japu. Hor tRJl:f [sog harakh] See tRJl:f FiaT. Fierro [sogan] plural of fur (~). 'crogan te aru sogan te."-akal. 2 Dg n vow, oath. 3 Skt ~.s~JI n a scabbard; a sheath. "ek knpan ke sog~m sag unh bIn pran karE na QarEge."-knsan. 'will be killed with a sabre's sheath only.' Ror- [soga] See ita and FiaT. 2 ael) gricf.-stricken, sorrowful. ~ [soganad] sorrow and pleasure. RoIT [sogi] adj aggrieved, sad. itQr [sogu] See FiaT. "sogu vljOgu tIsu kade na vrap."-mala m 1. HoTrr [sogadhJ, Rcih:sr [sogadhta], jtfifu [sogadlu]
fragrance, pleasant smell. "sogadhta kapar bhogadI."-bIla m 5. 'R-UfT [sogha] S R-UJ- aelj safe. secure. "jlu dhan sogha rakhda ghar adar sahu."-BG 2 See
H'ur". R'ur" [sogha] ael) who is a sniffer: pal1icularly

one who after smelling the soil can find out whethcr under ground water is sweet or saline. HB" [soc] Skt lJW n worry, sorrow. "katlk hOVE sadhusagu bInas-hI sabhe soc."-111a)h barah111aha. See J.JB vr. 2 Skt RB". sacredness, cleanliness. "kala soc na pai."-sri a 111 J, 3 Skt ~ to shrink. "na sit hE na soc hE na ghram hE na gham hE"-akal. 'It is neither coldness nor worry, nor heat nor sweat'. ffirn' [socak] adj thoughtfuL given to pondering. RB" tJ'TCf [soc car] thought process. See Fffi:r. H~ [50C1)a] Skt RBO 11 the act of feeling concerned. 2 ruminating. 3 pondering. 4 thinking. Htr3' wtJ3' [socat sacat] th inki ng, \vh iIe feel ing concerned. Sec Fl't3"3". Roo [socan] See Htm". R~ [socniy] ad) worrisome. 2 deplorable, regrettable. "taje su path kumarag cala. se socan ke jog vIsala."-GPS. Fj-fu [soer] n contemplation, meditation. "SOC[ soer na hovai je soci lakhvar."--japu. 2 See ljfu. 3 SkI Rfu n heat, sweat. Rtft [soci] (you should) think; (if) I think; contemplate. See Ftfu 1. HB- [socr] See ~ and Ftfu. 2 SkI ~: from cleanliness. HR [soj] n SkI vnz.r a swelling: an ant-hill. 2 P ;y burning sensation, burning, swelling. "VISphot saghun te soj gat."-GPs. 3 used as a suffix to give the meaning of 'to cause burning' as in~. HBH [SOZ2$] P J;y See-Fh=r2.
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FtBO [soz;m] P (;.Ijy 11 a pin; a needle. Ftt.l7>'t [sozni] P j,j y 11 a garment, which has
Deepchand
I
I
been embroidered, 2 a special kind of cloth Shyam Singh spread under a wealthy person, embroidered I with long stitches of many kinds. Nahal' Singh itw [soja] See fur I. I Ft~ [soja1:t] See Bl'fT7). '"ravIdasu bhaDE jo Surjan Singh ja1:tE, sojm:t."-asa. Diwan Singh FtE" ~ [sozo gudaz] P Jlff,jy' l'tR (burning) and ~ (melting) I Ft'ir [sojh] n understanding; comprehension. Brij inder Singh "tIn kau sagli sojh pai."-lnla m 5. FrereT [sojl'wi] 1,f;l-1If'C!t. See Ft. Tikka Ram Narayan Singh Ft~ [sojhadel:ta] See ~' ih.~. I Ft'51 [sojhi] 11 comprehension, kno\A;jedge, Jagtar Singh Amrit was administered to Shyam Singh wisdom. iter [sota], Ftit [soti] 11 ~ a baton, stick, cane, by Guru Gobind Singh. The double-edged heavy club. sword with which baptism was prepared and Ftm [soq.i] See JW;:ft. "maha juddh so(~i."-carItr the sword which was given to Shyam Singh to wear are lying with Tikka Ram Narayan 123. 'who bears sufferings caused by war (~).' Ft~ [soq.han] a woman belonging to the Sodh Singh, a rich man of Anandpur. 2 adj ~ dynasty. 2 Skt n to bear, tolerate, endure. who tolerates. "maha sastra soq.hi maha loh Ftm [soq.hi] See 1~ and F~r-rl According pura. "-ran1av. to Vachitar Natak. Sod his are offsprings of Ftm wfu [soq.hi raIl head of Soc\h dynasty with whom this sub-caste came into being. Lav (Lau) and 13edis of Kush. See ~tm and ~. 'tate putr pJtr hVE ae. te soq.hi sabh jagat See fufu~(')TCer a 2. "tIS te putr bhayo jo dhama. sOQhi raI dhara tIh nama." kahae."-VN. Now, Sodhi sub-caste is counted among lower Sarins. Guru Ramda:; was born ~ [SOD] Skt 'ii'!crl vr to be red with anger; to go; to depart. 2 adj red, crimson. 3 n blood, in this caste. See ~. gore. 4 a river - Shon Nad, Son. Its names in Among the Khatris of Sodhi sub-caste, Sanskrit are Swaran and Hirnyvah, and is Sahibzade Sodhis are descendants of Guru mentioned at many places in Ramayan and Ram Das. Among them those belonging to Bhagwat. After emerging from Amarkantak Prithi Chand's clan are called Sodhis of lower order. The seat of authority of Anandpur near Narmada it flows 487 miles and merges into Ganga ten miles before Dinapur. belongs to Sodhis of the upper branch. Its 5 vermilion. 6 a gem, ruby. lineage is as under: Ftf<E [SODIt] Skt Hf<E adj red. 2 n blood. Guru Hargobind 3 saffron. 4 cinnabar. 5 copper. I Surajmall ~~ [SoDItpur] See ~ 5. FtW [soDha] ad} beautiful, praiseworthy. I
crm
Page 619 of 674
590
~ [sol)hi] praiseworthy (woman), beautiful
akIn a. "-savcye m -I ke.
(woman). 2 See R<:ro't 2. "sOl:thi mahival nil m: tardi rati."-BG Ho [sot] 11 night clothes. 2 Skt a source; flow, a spring, fountain. "taha pragatiIu sot su jal hE."-NP 3 sense organs, new slit. "nave sot sabIn QhIla."-var gau 1 m -I. 4 short form for H~. "dE gayo prItam sot dIkhai." -krIs;:m. in the sleeping condition. Ft3J:rt<:r [sotsah] with zeal. longingly, courageously. Ft3Q [sotar] 11 a source, flow. 2 a fountain. 3 an opening in the body "mal mutr sotar VIC aya."-BG. H3l' [sota] See FB. H~ [sotr] a village in district Jalandhar, tehsil Nawanshahir, which is a koh to the north hom Banga. It has a gurdwara named Gurplah. See ~. 2 Skt JI3' an ear. "jIhva netr sotr saCI rate."-sor ami. ~ [sodar] SkI 11 'R'-~. uterine siblings; real brother. "tat sut mat hItu sodar sahodri hE." -NP 2 See~. Htm [sodri] SkI 11 uternie sisters, real sister. "mIli sodri hIt s6."-NP ~ [sodaru] a particular ba'l)i which is recited/ read in the evening as a prayer. It got this name from its opening words "sodaru keha so gharu keha." as like upnI:;;ad are given the name i:;;vasy and ken upnI:;;ad because of the opening words in them being i:;; and kene:;;I ta respectively. This bani, refuting some ignorant people's belief in so-called door to God shows the real threshold of God's door. I ~ [sodama] See ~. "sodama apda te
'Some ignorant writers have written that when Ciuru Nanak Dev reached God's court, he recited this hymn. Had it been so, its wordings would have been "Ih dClr keha Ih ghuru keha ......
Fn:r [sodh] n news; infomlation about well-being.

"Qogar sodh ek dIn lahyo."-carItr 36. 2 Skt
Rcr. research, exploration, search. "ram nam

atam maIn sodhE."-sukhmani. 3 purity, cleanliness. 4 a test an examination. 5 Skt Fh:r a stately temple, a palace. "khan pan sodhe sukh bhucat."-savcyc III 4 ke. 6 See itr:r<. Fti::r [s6dhj 11 a sweet smell, fragrance. Ft~ [sodhvu] that he. "sodhau mukatI kaha deu kEsi."-l11aru kabir. 2 please correct: rectify. See -FiLro. HLIQ Isodhak] adj who makes corrections. or rcct ifics, or re forms. Fi'rrc:r [sodha!)a] v See Hll7i'. 2 xa giving religious punishment to remove sin; an act of pen itence. HWl [sodh;m] Skt Fto7i. n purity, cleanliness. 2 the process of removing impurity. 3 removing guilt. 4 an examination. H'Q?iT Isodhna] See -FiLro. 2 v to give religious punishment for purification. See H~ 2. 3 investigate; to set right. "dharam raI ka dvphtaru sodhla."-suhi kabir. 4 11 an idea: insight power of discrimination. "sodhI sagar sodhna sukh nanka bhajI nau."-kan III 5. Ft'w [sodha] adjfragrant sweet smelling. "jEse b;m vIkhe mdlIag;w bpur s6dha."-BGK. Ftn:r Isodlul after refi n ing. "nf daku sodhI sadh bicana.'"-g3ci ravIdas. "sastra SImnt sodhI dekh-hu kOI.'"-g,m a III 3. 2 after rectifying the error. 3 after testing. Ftfb3' [sodhIt] adj refined, purified. 2 considered. Fn:ft [sodhi] n news; information about wellbeing. "nahi jan-hI sri nanak sodhi."-NP 2 adj who keeps a watch. 3 refined. Ftrftfr [sodhia] adj(one) observing purity. 2 17 a baptised Sikh of Jh ivar (sub-caste) working
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-sri m 1. =: See gGT, [~obJ P ,",:",y n a turban, 2 a handkerchief. 3 VI' "8"" to wash. son samanI sariru."-s kabir. 'The human H~' [sobraG] a village in tehsil Kusur of body valuable as gold will go cheap like flour district Lahore where on Feb, 10, 1846 the and salt' i,e. a gem will be sold at a price of British fought against the Sikhs, cowrie. 3 wealth, riches" matter. "l~lpatI H~ [sobrIttJ Skt ~~ n ideal propensity. raino tIh S;'igI milthe bhog son,"-asa chJt m 2 a decent livelihood. "sobrItt brItt ko 5. 4 See Ro. karE."-sura}. Hotrtft [sonjuhi] Dg a light-yellow jasm!I1e; a H~ [sobhJ Skt H~ n beauty. "acaraj sobh jasmine with golden coloured flowers. baDai."-sor m 5, 2 eminence, greatness, 3 Skt H(jT [sona] 11 gold. 2 going to bed, sleeping, ~ ad} praiseworthy, handsome, beautiful. Hit [soni] See ~rft. 2 Dg goldsmith. H~ [sobhan] Skt H~ ad} praiseworthy. HtfTO [sop an] Skt 11 a ladder; steps. 2 charming, good-looking, 3 superb, best. itfu [SOpI J Skt H: rwfu. prol1 he also, that also, 4 n a poetic metre, also called sfhIka; its "mIlIo tIS sukin SOpI bhavatCl,"-(JPS', characteristics are: four lines, 24 matras per H1JOl.:f [sopurakhu] prol1 that man. :'. He, the line; the first pause after the 14th and second perfect Being. 3 n a composition from Guru one after the next 10 th matra, ending as 151. Granth Sahib which is recited as evening Example: prayer. The opening words of "sopurakhu nath adbhut gatI aparmIt, cant kahat bam: na. nIraj~mu." give the composition its name, -gurupad prem praka$. M [sopE] See Ftfu. "sat lagE SOpE tdfE . "-savc:ye 5 fire, 6 Shiv. 7 a lotus, 8jewellery, ornament. 9 religion. 10 vermilion. m2 ke. HG3T [sophti] adv naturally, spontaneously. ~ [sob1mi] 11 army, the dignified one. -sanama, 2 See ~, 2 n a Khatri caste in Hindu society to which H~ [sobhnia], H~ [sobhnik], H~ Bhai Daya Singh belonged. "Ftfu [sopIn] See Fi~. "bahan sopIn sitla ki [sobhniy] ad} dignified, praiseworthy, "te gatI."-carrtr 245, 'Sophi is like a donkey.' I sravaD bhale sobhnik hE, meri jf durie. "-blha chot m 4, ~ [sohai] G This sect was very po\\erful in Greece during the times of Socrates the H5' [50bhaJ Skt :w n glitter, light, 2 beauty. philosopher. By installing ne\v deities against H~ [sobharkJ adv naturally, spontaneously. "h5 sobhnk bujhIO,"-NP 2 ad} glorious, the old ones and by staging dramas it misled the country men, Socrates refuted this cult elegant. with force and showed the true way of I,ife to H5'1Jo [sobhasur] Skt lJ~Cf ad} very much luminous, the people, HG't [sophiJ This vvord is derived from Sufi H~ [sobhi'ijanJ See~. meaning abstainer, especially, renouncer of ~ [sobhaduJ Skt lJ~ ad} superb, best. "haU1l1E dnI SIU ldrI marE so sobhadu hoI." drugs; teetotaller. "sacu mIlIa tIn sophia," -bavan. '\vith the army of the ego' i.e, with 'This sentence from a drug addict is co[]ckrnnatory or an army of demons, sophi.
Hit [sodhe] See mr. Ho [sonJ See Flc:, 2 11 gold, "jE hE ata Ion jIu
as a coole
H(f
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fi5rH3" [sobhamatJ,
H~3T [sobhavati] adj
dignified. "sobhavati nan hE gurmukhr gut) gara."~gau m 3. ~ [sobhrt] SktF.tfu3" adjwith glory, dignified. Fn-r [sam] Skt 17 According to Rigved, it is the name of an intoxicating juice, which is extracted by squeezing somvalli (cocculus cordifolius) and then after boiling, it is offered to the deities. It gives out a pleasing smell; priests and deities like it. In Rigved many details are given. The Vedic sages used to consider it invigorating, curative, wealth giving and a guide for the deities. As a deity, it is one that possesses all the powers of somras. See ~. 2 Later the moon was named 'sam' and he was regarded as a deity of all medicinal plants. It is written in Purans that Sam, son of sage Atri was from the womb of Anusuya, but in this regard, everybody is not of the same opinion. At places, he is considered to be the son of Dharam and elsewhere of Prabhakar of Atri lineage. But, in Vrihdarnyak, he IS shown as belonging to the Kshatri caste. lie married 27 daughters of Daksh, but loved Rohini the most. As a result the others angri 11' complained to their father. Daksh wanted to mediate for a compromise between them but Sam did not agree. Then Daksh cursed his son-in-law that he would remain childless and become a patient of tuberculosis. On hearing this his wives took pity on him and they asked their father to pardon him. Daksh could not undo his curse but said that would, get feeble gradually. Because ofthis the moon waxes and wanes. Once Sam performed Rajsuy yag and in arrogance he took away Tara the wife of Vrihspati. Not to talk of her husband. Sam did not return her even on Brahma's asking. Thus there was a fight in which Saturn (who had an
enmity with Vrihspati) helped Sam and other demons also sided with him. Indar and the deities were with Vrihspati. So horribk was the battle that the whole earth shook. With his trident Shiv cut Sam into two pieces. Because of this he is also called 'Bhagnatma'. At the end, Brahma mediated and restored Tara to Vrihspati. From the semen of the moon a male child was born to Tara v'iho was named Budh, from whom started the Chandarvansh (moon dynasty) It is written in the Purans that Sam's chariot has three wheels and is pulled by ten jasmine-like white horses with five of them on one side and the other five on the other side. 3 nectar. 4 camphor. 5 heaven. 6 Shiv. 7 Kuber. 8 Yam. 9 the air. 10 water. 11 leftnostril whose deity is moon. "sam saw pokhrlE."-maru 111 J. 'Nourish your breath with left nostril.' See~. ~ [somsaw] See RH 11. FtHfFfr.ri3" [somsrddhat] a sacred book on astrology uttered by the moon. 2 a branch of Tantar Shastar, Shaivite theory. Sec ~ B~ d 3. 3 a sacred book of Buddhism. HH130 lsomsur] 17 Bt.; ~: is Ira. the left most of three vessels running from the loins to the head. See RH II. H~ [somtirath] See ~'"3TFf 3. H}{('jTtf [sonmath] a town and wharfon sea side in the state ofJunagarh in Kathiavar proviqce in the presidency of Bombay which is called 'Prabhas' and 'Veraval wharf' also. There is a Shivling by the name of Somnath. A five feet tall statue of Shiv was also there which was broken into four pieces by Mahmud Gaznavi in 1024 AD. Two pieces were sent to Gazni of which one piece was inlaid in stairs of a mosque and the other one in the stairs of the court. And two pieces were sent to Mecca and Madina for embedding in the
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stairs. The temple of Somnath was unique in ~ [somvas] n The moon-dynasty that started with Buddh, the son of moon. All the India. It had 56 pi1lars embedded wilth jewels Pandavs and Yadavs are from the moonand a golden chain weighing two hundred maunds hung from ceiling with which a gong dynasty. See 'Ti~. H~ [somvasi] ad) belonging to the moon was tied. ~ [somdp], Hw.lT [sompa] Skt ad) one who dynasty. See ~ and ~~. drinks somras. 2 n a deity. See m.r. RW [soma] n a fountain, a source of water. ~ [sompakJ, itf-fl..fTOft [sompaki] Skn=q,cj1:m:it'''t 2 Bhai Soma a faithful disciple of Guru adjone who cooks for himself; one who does Arjan Dev. He was a resident of the Jhang not eat bread cooked by some one else. area. One day, while performing his service "sompak aprdS udIani."-bavcH1. on the sacred pond when Amritsar was being Rl-RfTtil [somraji] a poetic metre.. also named raised, Bhai Soma was sitting in the presence as 'utbhuj', 'drdhbhujag', "$akhnari' and ofGurLl Aljan Dev. A fakir begged something 'jhula'. Its features are four I ines, two Ydgdl} from the Guru. At that moment there were ISS, ISS per line. no offerings (made by his devotees) before the Guru. The Guru asked if any devotee Example: guru ko mdnao. sdb Icch pao. had got something with him. Bhai Soma had gdho ek pasa. tdjO Jr asa. two pice with him, which he offered and they (b) At many places in Dasam Granth the were given to the fakir. Guru Arjan Dev bhujag prdyat is also termed as 'somraji' asremarked that Soma was his moneylender. sune des desa muna pap kdrm3.. Since then Bhai Soma acquired the status of cun juth kutha $ruta chor dhdrma. 'Shah' and on account of the Guru's blessing tdj dhdrmnari tdkE papnara. he earned a lot in his business. People of mdhil rup papi kuvnttadhIkar;~.-kalki. Bhai Soma's lineage now live at places as RJ.m3T [somdlta] See Rw and mii'1'~. wide apart as Sahiwal, Dera Ismail Khan, ~ [somvdlari] See m,~;ft and tfl}fQ'. Bhakkhar, Bannu and Mianwali etc. Of them ~ [somvdlli] a creeper plant (L Cocculus many are unbaptised Sikhs and some are Cordifolius) from which somras was prepared. baptised also. Everyone's name carries the In Sanskrit sacred books it is mentioned that status of , Shah' asArjan Shah Singh, Karam its leaves emerge as the moon waxl~s and fall Chand Shah, etc. off as it wanes. In other words, on the first R~ [somavati] adj happening on Monday day of bright half of the month" one leaf as somavati amavdsya. emerges and on the full moon day the Jleaves RQ' [sor] or 'Flg' [soru] P .1; noise, uproar, grow to be 15. Similarly on the first day of shouting. '''ChU\I gaIo jam ka sab sor."-mala dark half, one leaf falls off and on the parta1 m 4. 2 salt. 3 mania,excitement. "rajI moonless day all the 15 leaves fall off. In this malI mdnI soru."-japu. 'maniac feelings for way this plant gets 15 leaves only. power and pelf.' 4 Skt Br\ adj of wine. "raer ~ [somvar] moon's day, Monday. rdhe banna bInod kusum rag bIkh sor." ~ [somvan] during Monday, on Monday. -bavan. 'absorbed in enjoying women and "somvarI SdCI rahIa samar."-brla var 7 m 3. poison of wine of the colour of safflower'.
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5 n a zig zag walk.
H0R5 [sorathr] See Ftao. 2 a maiden of Rajput

caste and a resident of Surashtar (Kathiawar), who \vas in love with a handsome man named Bija. In spite of many sufferings and obstacles, they I ived as true lovers ti II the end. "sorathr bija gaviE jas sughra bati."-BG I B~ [~orba] P ~.1Y n meat-curry gravy. 'ih:Jr [~ora] p O.1Y 11 salinity; saltpetre. In olden days water was cooled with it. "sital jal kijE sam ora. tar upar dekar bahu sora."-GPs. Saltpetre is also a major component of gunpowder and is used in many medicines. Fhft [sari] adjone who makes a noise; a shouter. 2 a mystical practitioner of charm. 3 \vho with the right or the left vessel, foretells about auspicious and in auspicious rewards. "ai na puch kahyo kachu sori."-krrsdll 4 P tJ.1Y a kind of arrow. "hath na sath lagE subh sori." -krIsdll ~ [:;;orida] P o-+..1Y adj astonished, perplexed.2 insane, crazy. 3 a lover. It is derived hom Fta-. H9 [soru] See Fta-. ~ [salah] sixteen. HffiJ mClfT'O [solah sf gar], HffiJ FftaTrcJ [solah sigar] sixteen methods of beautifying the body as mentioned in poetical works. pratham sakal sucr majjan amalvas javak sudes kes pa:;; ko sudharbo, agrag bhu:;;a1:t vIvrdh mukhvas r:'ig kajjal kalrt lollocan nIharbo, bolan hasan mnducalan cItJn caru pal pal patI vrat pritI pratI parbo, ke:;;odas sdvrlas karho kOvan radhe l Ih vIdhI sor-ln sfgaran sfgarbo. -raslk prIya. :;;ucrta :;;il sdneh gat I CItvan bolan has,
'CJyani Clyan Singh writes in "Tavarikh Khalsa" that old palaces hills.
[soras] P J If' n shouting, uproar, noise. 2 Skt ~ sixteen. "kar sorasv6 nkln tas gura."-ddtt. 'Dutt made him sixteenth spiritual guide'. Eo mJTaT [:;;or ~araba] n shouting, noise. "sabh khaq pakhaqan ~or ~araba."--NP H~' [sorasv6] sixteenth. See -FtoFr 2. H'ijU [sorah], 'ffirfu [soraln] 11 sixteen. "sorah madhe pavan jhakona."-ram kabir. 'caused the wind to rise by reciting the holy hymn Om for sixteen times' . Hofu ftfC!J'T'O [sorahI :?rf gar] See -Frn<:r m-cflTG. itoo [sorath] or Hofo [sorathr] [t is a major musical measure ofkamac that using only six notes. There are five rising notes and seven fall ing notes. Gandhar is a feeble one. Rishabh is Vadi and Dhaivat is Sanvadi. Gandhar and Dhaivat are prohibited in the ascending scale. Both pure and softNishad are applied. Nishad is pure in rising tone and soft in falling one. The time for its performance is second quarter of the night: rising note- sa, ra, rna, pa, na, sa, falling note- sa, na, dha, pa, rna, ga, ra, sa. Sorath is at ninth number in Guru Granth Sahib. 2 See Hofo 2. ~ [sortha] a matnk metre featuring two lines, each line having two parts, eleven matras in the first part, pause on the short vowel, 13 matras in the second part and pause on the long vowel. This metre is reverse of'doha'. Example: salahi salahI, eti suratI na paia, nadia atE vah, pavlu samOdI na jaDialn.
H"ij'Ff
-jdPU.
In Guru Granth Sahib, this metre is called a

slok also. That is, nar cahat kacu aur, aurE ki aurE bhdi . ... -slok m 9. See~.
or 'Sorath
Bij,:' can yet be seen near Clirinar
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kde gOthdn simat ;;ubh bhal tIlclk sukhras, bhal tIldk sukh ras dngdn ajdn dtI SOhE. bIn bdddn sude;; eIbuk mdSI kan man moh. javdk mIhadi rag rag 'bhdgvat' nI t un ta, ye sor-hI s:'Egar mukkh ta me vdr ;;ucrta, "solah kie sigar."-phunhe m 5. FrN"J a-w [soldh kd1a] sixteen units . sixteen parts. On the assumption of a rupee having sixteen annas, we indicate something as complete by saying that it is (like) sixteen annas. Similarly it is believed that the God has sixteen skills. lin Brahamvaivarat these sixteen ski lis are "gyan, dhyan, ;;ubh bram, hath, s;~idm, dhdrrndrudan. vIdya. bhdjdn, suprem, yat, ddhyatam, sdtrrlan. ddya, nem dru edturta buddh suddh Ih jan." According to Hindus a prophet is rated according to the number of skill Is he possesses. He who has all these skills, is a perfect prophet. Moon too is considered to have sixteen phasesdmnta, manda, pu;;a, pu;;tI, tu~:p, ratI, dhntI, ;;d;;ni, eadnka, katI, jyots;:ma, ;;ri, pritI, agda, purdnta and purI)amltar In the teaching of Sikh religion, Vahguru is said to have infinite ski lIs . "solah kdla sapurdn phdlIa. dn2,t kd1a hln thakur edpa." -maru solhe 111 5. See trt: wJT. ~ [solha] adj group of sixteen, a poetic metre ofsixteen lines. There are many poetic writings of sixteen lines in Guru Granth Sahib. For information about this poetic metre, see llfn eXW. FrmJ [solalu] See Ft~. Fi1?fr [solhe] plural of~. Fr"ff <iT [sol pago] Dg an aquatic anirnal resembling a scorpion, which has sixteen feet; a crab. 'f.ic;)T [;;ola] A ~ 11 the glitter of a falling star which appears as a display of fire works; a
meteor. 2 an ember. 3 a flame. perfect; as compiete as sixteen annas which make full worth of a rupee. ~ [solasaya] 11 a type of clothing having sixteen hundred woofs in its warp. "bdhu sukhdm jlh sut suhavhI, SE me solasdya bhavhI."-NP W fR'(JJ1"ij" [sola sJ~gar] See ~ f1::foTro. Fic?rfi:fuft [solas:'Eghi] See ftf~. [soW bla] See HMclC<M' and tr~. Fr~oft [solaki] a sub-caste of Rajputs (Chalukya). The warriors belonging to the moondynasty were worshippers ofVarah Bhagwan. Pulkeshi, a great king of this dynasty established a state in Badami (District Bijapur) in 550 AD. ~ [sovan], [sovdnu] to sleep, to rest. "Ik dInu sovdnu hOIgo 1abe goq pdsan."-5 kabir. H~ [sovdrdI)], Ft~ [sovdrdn] 11 aurum, a gold nugget. 2 adj 1j-~ good colour, high caste. Fr'Wor [sov:'Ena] adj of gold, golden. 2 well coloured, having attractive colour. 3 of good colour. "mdnu ramkdsvdti laIa kaean sov:'Ena."-a5a chj/- In 4. meaning extremely pure and clean. iRo [sovan] See Ft~. 2 aurum, gold. "sovan Qhala knsdn mala jap-hu tusi sdheli ho. -wx! chat 111 4. H;m [SO[ds] Skt Jtm. sixteen. See if3R. it;r HtffiTO [SOT sopearJ, #:i" ~ [SOT sabhar] Skt ~-W".:rr\ sixteen articles for worship. See B";n:rl.@'TO. "saddr SO[ sabhartIydtI mdtI manvi."~GPS. that is, "sadar ~o[a;; sabhar dtI YdtI IDdtI rnanvi." it [SJ] See JW. 2 part along with. "jJ tum dpne jan SJ kam. "-gau kabir. 3 P j to be. Its root is
itW [sola] See ~u. W nr?i' [SOlEl ane] part complete,
wa-w
jm
1]t7l.
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R W1:ft
[sJ sakhi] It is a famous book having
one hundred tales, but now some more seem to have been interpolated therein.' And its hand-written copies do not have the same text. Some persons are of the view that this book of tales is a composition of Kalgidhar but the poor quality of its poetry shows that it is from the pen of a Sikh with little education and understanding. It can be observed from this book that the tales Guru Gobind Singh narrated to Bhai Gurbakhsh Singh were also got written by him from the calligraphist Sahib Singh. Bhai Santokh Singh has also written the story of Guru Pratap Suray based on it and Bhai Sahib has transformed a large number of references drawn from 'SJ sakhi.' by adapting them to his pen. Kuka Sikhs accord the same status to 'SJ sakhi' which, in Hindu society, is accorded to Bhavishyat Puran, and they take pleasure in giving different meanings, according to their wisdom, to the puzzling sentences of this book. The poetical composition of' SJ saHli' is not in accordance with the rules of prosody, as"guru han raI sahaI kar knsan sevie guru teg bahadur dhir. guru gObId SIgh an mng turkan ko suth bir." The year and century mentioned herein go a long way to clarify whether it was written by Guru Gobind Singh or not: "s~mat bIkram bhupati satara sat m ek (1791) mahII) sakhi var guru malki dutIya bhek." Further, it is added - "satara SJ Ikasi me sakhia lIkhiil." A large number of expressions in this book are historically contradictory, as(a) "Sayyads originated during the time of the Pandavs."-Sakhi 1.
'We have seen an old book also having tlve hundred anecdotes relating to all the ten gurus.
(b) "Having come into being from derm. (the community) got the name Khalsa.'-Sakhi 13. (c) "Christ was born before Moses.'-Sakhi
14.
(d) The story of Hari Chand was written to refute Vachitar Natak-Sakhi 20. (e) We sha!! get the wealth of Satluj in 1899 Bikral11i Sammat-Sakhi 37.... etc. In the opinion of Sardar Atar Singh Rais Bhadaur, this book was written at the time when the British government gave Kashmir to the Raja ofJal11l11u in exchange for money. It is because of this that it contains the following sentences: "des beckar jilhI phIr2gi. gaj1'ge tab mor bhuj2gi."-Sakhi 85. R'cr [s3h] 17 a pledge, vow, oath. ~ [~Jhar] P fi? 17 husband, lord. 2 bride-groom. j:fJ' [sJh1'] a.dv in front, face-to-face. Rex [sJk] A J; 17 a desire, an inclination. 2 love. "bhayo :;;ah ko ~Jk vIsal."-GPs. ~ [:;;Jkal~] See ~. iicB [~Jkat] A d; n a thorn; a barb. 2 pressure. 3 haste. H~ [~Jknama] P ,....t J; 17 a love-letter. "IIkhyo ~Jknama, dIj daras ai."-GPS. Fiofln [sJkin] P ad) amateur; who is fond of (something). 'ih:f [sJkh] 17 ease, convenience, facility. 2 Skt Rcrir comfort, relief. 'ih:fT [sJkha], R-tit [sJkhi] ad) comfortable, convenient. 2 contented. Ficr;r [sJkhy] See Her 2. iiars [sJga t] See J3Ol'3". Rorr3t [sJgati] ad) who offers a gift. "tntIye nar sJgati jan."-GPS. RaR [SJg~d] See ~. RaTr:r [sJg2dh] Skt ~m 17 a pleasant smell; fragrance. Rtf [SJC] Skt Htf n a feeling of cleanliness,
.J;
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sacredness. HW [sSG'lr], ~ [s:)cdl] Skt ;R'fq~ a kind of salt; Sochal salt. HBT tJTO [sJCa car] n pious behavi our. good moral character, refined conduct. H'tft [sSci] Like Kabaddi it is also a rural game. Young boys assemble at one place and divide themselves into two teams. A line is drawn between the two teams. From one side of the line, a boy goes to the other side and tries to give three quick beats of his palm on the chest of a player of that side. If his hand is caught during the beats he is considered defeated. In case he returns to his side after giving the three beats without his hand having been caught, he is declared a winner.. HN' [SJj] n material, equipment. "dhari SJj sabh an."-sdloh. ~ [SJjdny] Skt 11 gentlemanliness; nobility. H'it [sSti] a village of district Amloh in Nabha state, about four miles to the 1l101ih-east of Gobindgarh railway station. There is a gurdwara of Guru Hargobind at a distance of three-fourth of a mile to the east of this village. At this place, the Guru's dog rought against a pig and died after killing it. From Nabha state 280 bighas of land has been donated to the gurdwara and rupees 48 in cash are given annually to it. A fair is held on the bilihday of Guru Hargobind Sahib. See it'Zt
~~.
Ladhran is in Ludhiana district and Saunti is under the government of Nabha state. ~ [SSqdk], Ff"'fucr [sSqIk] Skt~ adjhaving a trunk. 2 n an elephant. 3 a distiller whose pipe has the shape of a trunk. "bujhyo sSqdk sdddn vIsala."-GPS Hit [SJqi] See ~tT. H'it [sSqi] 11 one who has a trunk; elephant. "jdnu s5qi bdq sOq prdCaqe."-GPS. 2 a distiller. See H'5cx. H~ [sSqyarI], i~ [sSqyatdk] 11 a lion, the enemy of the elephant. 2 a gun that kills an elephant-sdnama. R'~ -gfo'i'ft [s5qyatdk dhunmi] a gun roaring like a lion, who is the killer of an elephant. He [SJI:l] See '~. 2 an omen. See ~. H3' [SJt] See H~'3'. H'taor [sSddray] Skt ~ 11 beauty, prettiness. "sdlunsil sSdrdY surta."-GPS W [sJda] See JWtr. H~ [sJdai] See~. ~ [sJdagar] See H(iie1dld. H~ [sJdamanij, H~ [sJdamrni] See
Bt!1Hfo.
H~ [SJdrdj] See j~~.
Ru- [sJdh] Skt 11 a place plastered with lime; a

royal palace; a state temple. "sOddr s5dh ucera."-GPS 2 a deity's temple. Hi:::r [sSdh], Hi:F [sSdha] 11 a perfume, scent etc. "kab-hu na sSdha laI rag mdn bhaIo."~cdrItr 245. Ri:rr WO [sSdha xanJ, R''i'l' W7i' [sSdhe xan] Oasaundha Khan. The name is derived from the ritual ofDasaundh. See~. superintendent of the horse-stable of king Shahjahan. "Itne me sSdhe xa ayo. hdyan sev pdr jo thdlurayo. "--GPs. Ho [sJn] n an omen, a presage. "magal bhJn bhde subh s::m. "-NP "sJn aSJn ndhI jan."
H'it ~
~ [sSti de sdrdar] They are feudal sardars belonging to the misl of 1'-Jishan. In 1763 AD sardar Sangat Singh, Da::;aundha Singh, jai Singh, Mohar Singh and olhers forcibly captured Ambala, Sarai Lashkar Khan, Shahbad, Ooraha, Ladhran, Saunti etc. and established their rule over there. Now,
IA Sikh has raised a shrine near the gurdwara in memory

of both the animals.
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-gurushobha See ~ ' 2 to sleep, go to
bed. "sei sudhan: hIt guru sJn."-GPS 3 SkI Fin ad; related to a dog:/of a dog. 4 S'kl ~ related to a slaughter-house: a butcher. 5 fresh meat cut by the butcher. R('"j'q [sJnak] Skt R-ocI a saint who used to live in Nemisharnay. lie was the son of sage Shunak and was a teacher of Katyayan and Ashvlayan. ~ [sJI1Ik] Skt a hunter, who keeps dogs with him. R~ [sSpr:w], Fn.rit [SSprfi] See ~' Fh.fq [sJpatr] a lotus. See~. "sJpatr se chatr tute."-C;:lrItr j02. R'G [sSph] Sk/~ P~ 11 Aniseed is sown during the month of Poh and Magh and is harvested during Baisakh. Its plant is about three to four feet high. Its effect is hot, dehydrative and secretionary. Aniseed is considered the best medicine to cure diseases of stomach and intestine. It enchances eyesight and curtails phlegn1. It releases urine and washes away filth. Aniseed-water is used in many medicines. L Pimpinella anisum E aniseed. Ff'gi'iORf [sJbh nagar] See ~~8 0"fuRti\;-. ~ [sJbhri] ad} glittering, shining "subhat SIpp sJbhri."-kalki. 'The armour covering cheeks gives a graceful glitter.' 2 Sobhrl, a saint who married fifty daughters of king Mandhata and begot 150 sons. ~ [sJbhag], ~ [sJbhagy] See 1JU'OT 8
~'
[SJill] adf related to the moon. See RH. 2 See Fhf:n. "sun he saill ! basan lnt than."-GPs. ~ [SJillItn] 11 Sumitra's son, Lachhman. 2 Satrughan. ~ [SJillY] SkI ad} without anger, calm. 2 pleasing beautiful. 3 17 Budh, son of the moon. 4 See ~ tT ~1..f 3.
RH
[sJr] ad} related to the sun, of the sun. 2 belonging to the sun-dynasty. 3 11 Yam and Saturn, sons of the sun. 4 a worshipper of the sun. 5 related to I iquor, of I iq uor. 6 a warrior. ad} concern ing a warrior. R~ [sJraj] SkI Wrv:f 11 bravery. 2 SkI Hri ad} related to the sun. HQ(!T [SJrDa] See ~' R~ [sJrabh] SkI ad} fragrant. 2 11 fragrance. "sIJimukh SIkkh man sJrabh anad het."-NP 3 bcauty. Sl:':e B~. "dhar balak sJrJbh ap vIraja."-kr.rS;JIl i:Rnrn [sJrmas] a solar month: a month beginning ,vith sankranti. See WHo ~~ [sJra$tra] related to Saurashtar (Kathiavar). 2 of a good country. See lJG'1'R. RoT [sJri], ~ [sJria] ad} a worshipper of thc sun. 2 one who knows about the movements of planets like the sun: an astra lager. 3 a practitioner of magical charm. 4 fortune teller. 5 a sub-caste of the Brahmans. 6 SkI Wft: Vishnu. "tujh sevhI bIdlu sakal' sJri."-NP 7 Krishan. R~ [SJr], kr [SJra] See ~-~5f. H [sa] SkI "QTl'[part welfare, bliss. 2 tranquility. 3 calmness. 4 a scripture. 5 ~ with, aiong with. "tua satIgur sa het."--S;JVEye ill 5 ke. 6 properly, perfectly. 7 entirely, totally, from the very beginning. HR [S3SJ SkI ~ VI' to enunciate, praise. 2 11 praise. 3 a promise. 4 a pledge, oath. 5 a desire. 6 Jlattery. 7 See "FfRtr. ~ [saskar] SkI R-Fcro 11 this word is formed with prefix H and root. '~.' to reform. 2 to refine. 3 an idea which strikes while performing an action. 4 an action performed with religious rites which affect the mind for long, like baptism, birth, marriage etc. Scholars divide these i'ites into three catgories: superior, mediulll and inferior.
Ro
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(a) Superior rites are those which stipulate that nothing be done against the Almightly's creation, and the religious symbols aclopred therein become instrumental for th,~ safety of the body and the country: as the Sikhs adopt underwear shorts and curved s,vord at the initiation ceremony of the Khalsa. (b) Medium rites are those which impart bad shape to the Almighty's creation and the religious symbols adopted therein are of no use to the body and the country. like growing of matted hair or putting on ash/cinders on body, or wearing of sacred thread, necklace, etc. (c) Inferior rites are those in which the Almighty's creation is fragmented and no benefit accrues to the body and the coun try, as piercing earlobes by the yogis. C!irCUmcision, tonsure, etc. ~ [sasknt] adjwhich has been improved. 2 purified. 3 reformed. 4 grammaticcdly correct language. 5 II divine language: Sanskrit (~(l). 1fl::rI;r [sasay] S'kt HHli1 II (H-ffi) fast sleep. 2 doubt, suspicion. "patkahanya sadhsagam na sasyah. '-sahas m 5. 'FfmJar [sasarag] Skn::h:rof 11 meeting, interaction, relation. See ffilOT. ~ [sasraly] Skt 11 strolling, wandering. 2 moving away. See ffim'. ~ [sasram] son ofBaba Mohan and grandson of Guru Amardev. who wrote sacred books of Gurbani. These were the books Guru Plijan Dev got from Saba Mohan for compiling a volume of Guru Granth Sahib. See <Jjf.'t;~: 7i': I. Hw [sasa] doubt. suspicion. See FfR1J1. "gurmukh sasa mul na hovai."--var bIla m 3. ~ [sasar] a crocodile. 2 Skt the world, which keeps on changing. "sasar kanll:ajna."--gatha. 3 people of the world. HFfI'a' FJT(lRl' [sasar sagar] adj ivorld-like ocean. "sasar sagar ab utre pare. ""-bIla m 5. R~ [sasarasy] world Iy. "sagra sasarasy gurpdrsadi tar-hI ke. "--5aha5 m 5. 'Very f:ew people cross the sea of the world with blessing from their spiritual guides.' H~ [sasarkup] adj the world as a welL from which it is difficult to come out. "sasarkup te udhan 1."'-3s(l chat m 5. HFfTO ~ [s20sar racna] See ~ -atJ?iT. Ffwfu [sasan] in the world. "mOdra paI phIrE sasarI."-var ram 1 m 1. "gurdarsanu saphalu sasaTI."-savE'ye m 4 ke. HFfTO't [sasari] adj related with the world; worldly. 2 the Creator of the world (Brahma). "rku sasari Iku bhac;lari."-japu. 3 a householder "na audhuti na sasari."-ram a m 1.4 II a tradition of the world: a custom of the world. "d1u\Igai sasari."-kecla kabir. Fi'~ [sasarul people of the world. See -R-wo 3. "hOI sahai jISlJ t8 rakh-lu tIsU kaha karE sasaru? "-guj m 5. ~ [sasam] a devoted Sikh of Guru Ramdas. 2 a devotee from Talvar sub-caste. who. being a disciple of Guru Arjar; Dev, became a great scholar. H~ [sasare] in the world. "satokh blua sasare."-sor m 5 ~ [saSTI;;\I] See ~WO. tffi:rf3' [sasTI II] Skt ~ II a flow, a current. 2 the world. See ftJ:f3". ~d" [sahar] Skt II (1'1' -R.n fascination: attraction. 2 destruction, ruination: extermination. 3 the process of gathering; winding up. 4 a gist, summary. 5 the process of resisting an attack. H(JT01 He;) [s~lhari mall] elder uncle of Guru Arjan Dev. on marriage of whose son Guru Ramdas sent Arjan Dev to Lahore and asked him not to come back unless called for. During h is two year stay at Lahore. the blessed son excellently performed the task of religious
Fi'FfTOfi:r [sasaEIsI],
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preaching. The place, in Chuni MandL where he used to hold religious congregations is known as Diwan Khana of Guru Atjan Dev and it is a famous place of pilgrimage for the Sikhs. From this very place, the hymn "mera manu 10CE gurdarsan tai" was written and sent to Guru Amar Das. Sanhari Mall acquired self-realisation from Guru Arjan Dev and he is considered one among unique Sikhs. FfftEr [sahIta] SkI n the book which deals nicely with human interests. 2 religious books written by saints like Manu. 3 that part of the Ved which describes rites and rituals; an explication of sahIta. See Aitray Arnyak Arnyak 3, Ch 3, Pal1 6 . 4 close contiguity of letters in grammar. Ff"fr3" [sahet] See R. Hex [sak] SkI Qls~Cfl vr to be uncertain; to be afraid. 2 n fear. 3 doubt; suspicion. "guru mIliE sak utan."-sri m 1. 4 a cart-pulling bullock. 'Ffa"z [sakatJ SkI BCfiZ n suffering, distress. "sakat ghor kate klnn bhitan: ."-dev m 5. 2 See H6(c'lj d. ~tr [s;'lkatmoc], ~ [sakatmocakj adj who liberates from sufferings. "govrd sakatmoc." -ram chat m 5. ~ [sakatvE] short form for ~ <.W "sahIb S;'lkatVE sevak bhajE. "-basat namdev. ' desertion by the servant when his master is in distress.' 'Jfufc [s;'lkatI] in distress; in suffering. See RcK. "sakatI nahi parE jOI1I n<:Jhi avr."-gau kabir. 'Ifuo [sakar] Sk/~11 acombination of different commodities; a mixture. 2 a muletto. 3 See
~wo. 4 SkI ~
Shankar vvas born in village Kaldi or Kalpi in Cochin in Sammat 846 (788 AD) from the womb of mother Vishishta in the house of Shiv. a Brahman. After very deeply going through Khatshastar, Ved and Vedang, he adopted renunciation from Govir:d Swami and settling in Kashi, he preached the monoistic faith. With matchless intellect and force of education he attracted towards himself a large number of students. Having won over the chief of Mahishmati. the capital of Magadh and very famous Pandit Mandanmisar along with his unique wife Pandit Bharti, in a religious discourse, Shankar became widely known in India. Mandan and Bharti both became his disciples and after adopting renunciation they preached monism. It is mentioned by Madhavacharaya in Shankar Dig Vijay that Sankar won over a large number of scholars and defeated Buddhism in a big way. Shankaracharaya established a large number of hen nitages, the most famous ofwhich is Shringeri hermitage. situated on the bank ofTungbhadra in district Kadur of Mysore state of Sringagiri. Here he installed his brilliant disciple Mandan then known as Sureshvacharaya as the chief priest. Sankaracharaya's seat] of spiritual authority is at this place now. This hermitage is given Rs. 12,000/- annually by the state of My sore. Besides this is an estate of259 villages, with an income of Rs. 50,000/- given to this hermitage by Barihar. the king ofVijay nagar in 1346 AD. The priests installed at the other three hermitages (Dwarika, Jaganath, Badrinath)C were also scholars and capable sanyasis who
'The chicfofthis scat is calkd .Iagatguru by the Hindus. 'Sharda l11ath in Dwarika . .Iaganath l11ath in (io\ardhan and Joshi I1wth in Baclrinath.
Shiv, whom Purans consider as the benefactor. "sakal' kror tebs dhIaIo."-bETa m 4. 5 Shankaracharya, whom the Hindus regard as the incarnation of Shiv. "s;'lk<:Jr hVE <:Jvtar $IV $rutI mat vIdt(1VE.'~-GPs.
11
In brief, the story of Shankar, is as under:
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could successfully preach religion. Shankar has written excellent commentariies on Vedant Sutra, Upnishads and Gita. Shankar fe'll ill during his travel in Assam and died at Kedarnath in 820 AD at the age of 32 years. S.Y. Venkateshwara writes that Shankar was born in 805 AD and died in 897 AD. He has also given substantial arguments in support of his contl~ntion. 6 a poetic metre characterised by four lines of verse, 26 matras per line, first pause at 16 th matra and the second at the next lOth matra, the last two matras being guru and laghu. Example: mng min bhrrg patag kOcar, ek dokh blnas. ... -asa rav~das. khat bram kul sajugat hE hanbhagatI hudE nah1 caranarbrd na katha bhavE sopac tullI Sdman. ... -keda ravldas. nIj kan sun mdtIman mancw, khet mdlu tdb jaI, godhum but upar dekhyo, rahyo ur bISmaI. ... -NP 7 adj who brings happiness. 8 auspicious; nJble. 9 Skt ~ This word has also been used for a thick iron chain (sagul). "dur2Id ke pa I su sakdr <.;laryo. "-G V 10. ~ [sakdrsdn] See r!"Qo1:f?l. F.fc;rQ ~ [;;akar suh] Skt n sl~men of Shankar (Shiv); mercury. Ff~ [sakdrsut] n Shiv's sons, Ganesh and Kartikey. Ff~ [sakdrkhd!:t], Hcrcfl:f?) [sakdrkhdn[ Skt ~ n attraction. 2 Bal bhadar, Balram. Two reasons have been mentioned for the name Sankarkhan given to him. One, after pulling him out from Devki's womb, he was placed in the womb of Rohini. ' Second, he
'See Vishnu Puran Part 4 eh 15.
used to smash the head of his enemy with a thrashing club after pulling him with the plough. "pun bolyo vrrjes, sabrkhdn s6 krrpa kdr."-kns2n. 3 Bhai Santokh Singh has used this word in place of SakYdmd!:t (sakratI) "makdr sakarkhd!:t drki hoI. an sdnan-hI je ndY koe."-GPs. 'one who comes to Mukatsar for a holy dip, when the sun is in the zodiac mansion of capricorn.' Ffcr ~ [s~,br vdrd!:t] See ~ ~. ~ [saha] plural of F.fc;rQ. "sakra nd jan-hI bhev."-ram m 5.2 Shiv. 3 adjgiven to public welfare. 4, musical metre that is a variation of bIlavdl. The mdddhdm is forbidden in it and n;;dbh seems very feeble. It resembles sakdr bIhag a lot. gadhar is complementary and ;;drdj supplementary in it. ascending: ;;d, rd, gd, pa, pd, na, ;;d descending: ;;d, rd, dhd, pel, gd, rel, ;;a HCl(d'tl'dGt [s;3karacaray] See Hcr 5. ~ [;;akri] wife of Shankar (Shiv). Parvati. 2 madder plant or its dye. 3 ad} given to public welfare. HCl("1??) [sablan] Skt ~~CfiC'["'l n compilation, putting together. 2 presentation by squeezing time span in a play of an incident spread over a long period. ~ [sablap] Skt ~ n an intuition; an idea; concept. 2 a vow, pledge. See CWl-f. R~ [sakalrt] compiled, collected. Seecm?l. R~ [sakrai adj limited. 2 narrow; tight. HCl(T [sakal Skt 1IT6~ n doubt, suspicion. 2 fear fright, terror. "prelbhu dhlala geli saka tut." -guj m 5. 3 ~ a fight, a war. ~ [sakas] SktFfa.rF.r adjequivalent, alike. "h5 nd lelkh6 sodar tISE, parmesur sakas."-NP FffcE" [sakIt] Skt ~ adj afraid. 2 suspicious, doubtful. ~ [sakira !:t], Fioftd7; [sakiran] Skt r\'oiTi ad} mixed. 2 covered. 3 spread, extended,
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expanded. "ayudh te s~kircm ban bha Iothan Jf~ [sak$Ipt] thrown out. 2 heaped. poth kar~te."-GPs. 4 11 a mixed breed: a 3 gathered. 4 lessened, summarised, made community that has parents of different castes. brief. See ffi l')fc)~. H~l.f [s~k;;ep] the act of throwing properly. 1fg [saku] Skt >I"G5~'E 11 a nail, a hobnail. 2 collecting. 3 squeezing in a small place what 2 a bowl, seat. 3 a numberal called 's~kh' is expansive. (l0,000,000,000,000). 4 three, twelve-finger tfcf [s~kh] Skt~ 11 a sea-animal, whose shell length pegs, to measure the shadow ofthe sun. is blown as bugle by the Hindus in temples. S Kamdev, god of love. 6 Shiv. 7 a sin. "s~khan ki dhunI gh~tan ki kar."-c.~di 1. In Heg ~ [s~ku karal)] 11 with a peg like ears, a ancient times, the shell was blown as a bugle donkey. 2 a demon, according to Harivansh. during days of war. "SIgh cari mukh s~kh HgW [s~kura] adj limited. 3 tight, narrow. bajavat."-cadi 1. 'Vishnu always keeps a "mukatI duara s~kura."-s kdbir. sankh in his hand.' 2 sign of Vishnu's sankh imprinted with sandalwood or stamped with ~ [s~kul] Skt adj dense. "subh gUl) gan dal s~kul sohi':."-GPs. 2 complete. 3 surrounded. heated metal on the body of a Vaishnavitt.. 4 11 a war. S a crowd, a large crowd. "sakh cakr mala tIIak bIrajat."-maru ~ [sakura] limited, narrow. See R<'3OT. namdev. 3 the chief snakes of the clan. 4 a "mukatI dvara s~kura."-guj var 1 m 3. count. 10,000,000,000,000. S a saint, who ~ [s~ku] See 1fC3, wrote "Sankh Sahinta." He was a family ~ [s~ket] Skt~ 11 an indication, a gesture. p~iest of Hansdhvaj, the king of Champakpuri. 6 a skull. 7 a demon 2 sign, mark. 3 Skt H-iB" a residence. "jal s~ketanI adI bakhan-hu."-sdnama. a house (Sankhasur), who was born from a conch (J:fcf) and who went into the sea taking Veds along that has waters; a river. mtafo [s~ketI11] See RiB 3. with him. Incarnating as a fish, Vishnu killed Hmr [s~koc], ~ [s~kocan] Skt 11 (H- cgtT) Sankhasur and brought back the Veds. shrinking, contracting. 2 hesitating. "sakhasur mare ved udhare."-mdcch. In 3 modesty, shame. 4 winding up. "khel S~kOCE Shatpath his name is written as Haygreev also. 8 See J:fcf:;r. tau nanak ekE."-sukhmdni. ~ [s~kramal)] Skt 11 the process of crossing. ~ [s~khcur] Skt ~1:S~(CI'i.s 11 a kind of snake, 2 going forward. 3 arriving. 4 entry of the on whose body are signs of the conch. sun from one zodiac to another. 2 lalandhar demon, whose wife was Vrinda, ~ [s~kratI] Skt 11 the day the sun enters a who had the form of basil. See Devi Bhagvat new Zodiac. First day of the solar month. First Sakandh 9 Ch 24. ~ [s~khnari] a poetic metre, also named entr~'. ~ [S~krIt] It is BfcBmisspelt by the writer. as "somraji" and "ardh bhuj~g". Its features "su sadhu sakrIta cIta, asadhu nnbhaya are two yagans per line, ISS, ISS. quI~."-hiki. Example: Hefe?> [s~kr~dcm] Skt ~ 11 what is full of jute dor pase. pari mar nase. shouting; a war; a fight. 2 Indar, who makes guru dhir dEkE. agE SIgh kEkE. his enemies weep. (b) Guru Gobind Singh has given the form
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of Sankhnari under the heading "bhujag prayat" but means 'arelh bhujag' there namasta agaje. namastaabhaje. namasta aname. namasta athame . --japlJ. Ffl:f<'i1 [sakhni] See m~. ~ [~akhpal).I] Vishnu, who keeps a sankh (conch) in hand. ~ [sakhasur] See Her 7. 'Fi'11:Pw [sakhIa] See }~. Fffuo't [sakhmi] Skt 'lT5J19r~ n poetically, a female type. "kop ~il kovIel kapat sajal salam i;larir. arul). vasan nakhelan ruCI nIlaj rHsak aelhir. k~ar gaelh yut mar jal tapt bhun bhag hoy. surta ratI atI sakhIni varl).at kavI jan loy." -rasIkpr.rya.
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~
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Sixty-five Sixty-six EE~ '1'( \\.9~: '11.~ E' "R3'UO .::J"')~ 67 Sixty-seven '~c~: Et 1ifCi1UO '1i\ ~~J~ 68 Sixty-eight 69 Sixty-nine \'\~~ '1q Et~ ,.,~ \.90~: 70 Seventy .::.. )t;:;, '0 Ff3"a" ,q f't:acl3a Seventy-one \.9Z C(ifl'8 CDR! 71 ,::,'1 ...f',,~ ,~~ \.9";(~: 72 Seventy-two ~r ,mt:i; ,~~ \.9~~: 73 Seventy-three '::'1r' /.lJ~ \.9'6~:~ 74 Seventy-four ~f" .J1f.;J)~ '8~ \.9 4. q"CiJ '8 CD Rl 75 Seventy-five 'll ~-t'hBo .::.~ J)i:<; :.~ . \.9';, lSfZ,~: 76 Seventy-six ~'1 V ')~ 'E~ \.9\.9 flCD'8CDRl Seventy-seven 77 '::'L. "~ ":''''''~ \.9 G 31 lSi': '8 CD Rt n~ 78 Seventy-eight a . ,,:,~))~ ,t ~ \.9'\ c;eN11'4~Ri 79 Seventy-nine Lq "J) i:<; CO ~: to n:rm 80 Eighty /\. )0'; tq~ cZ ~: 81 Eighty-one --f:J)~ /\1 t ~ farJ:ft C\~: 82 Eighty-two Ar m)~ t ~ fuo1Rt-fgrrFft c~~: 83 Eighty-three Ar' /,,~ c'6~: ttl BoTFit 84 Eighty-four IV .J~"~ '" c 4. q5(T~ I '4~R!: t II lffirffi 85 Eighty-five M t5,,~ A;-- _. c~~: 86 Eighty-six tE~ /1,'1 J"l>. t, R31Flt G\.9 '8CDI'4DR!: 87 Eighty-seven fl.::. ..:;..... ,,~ GG~: tt~ 88 Eighty-eight M .:.~,,~ c'\ ~"'l~: 89 Eighty-nine tt~ J.q ..J)~ '\0 ~: q. );, 90 Ninety to iW tq~ 91 Ninety-one '\Z "C(ifl~: q!1 ..{"i '<,\~: 92 Ninety-two t~~ qr ",,] '<,~ f5r~ 93 Ninety-three t~~-~ [tIranve-tnanvl~] qr- ,"",,,} [cJranve] t8~ '<,'6~: 94 Ninety-four q(" Alt,,] [pacanve] '<, ~ q"CiJ1 ClR! 95 Ninety-five tll ~ QO t5,,] [chIanve] '<,~~: 96 Ninety-six tE~ Q'1 v':7J)j. '\ \.9 ~;:rqf(r: [satanve] qL .:;.)/1,,] 97 Ninety-seven t'~ '<,c 31DC~ [athanve] Ninety-eight tt~ 98 q/\ .::.~'); 99 Ninety-nine (Iq ..),] tt~-~ [nInanve-narfnve] '<,'<,~: 9.00H [sJ] Zoo~ 100 Hundred !'.o y By adding one more zero to a digit the number increases by ten times, such examples from old books are as under: [Ikk or ek] rea--Ecr 1 tFf-tH [d2S or da$] 10 [pEhath ] [chI ahath] [satahath] [athahathl [unattar] [sattar] [Ik-hattar] [bahattar] [tIhattar] [cJhattar] [paj-hattar-pajhattar] Ich I hattar] Isattatar] [athattar] I:unasi] I[assi] [Ikasi] [bIasi] [tIrasi-tnasi] [cJrasi] [pacasi] [chIasi] [satasi] [athasi] [unanve] [navve] [Ikanve] [banve]
'~';,~:
Ell triJO
'~~ q5(iJlSIfiSc
. 66 rJ)~
:.~:.--
t5)~
65
t5
Page 635 of 674
606 100 ~-R"iIlJ 1,000 >ilq3" 10,000 ~er-mf 100,000 ~3" W ~ 1,000,000 em3"-cffi; 10,000,000 >mit 100,000,000 it 1,000,000,000 ~ 10,000,000,000 ~ 100,000,000,000 lf 1,000,000,000,000 Her 10,000,000,000,000 HtJTlW-f 100,000,000,000,000 WORf 1,000,000,000,000,000 f3Jr 10,000,000,000,000,000 }-fl:T"jJ" 100,000,000,000,000,000 ~ 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 treTt:f 10,000,000,000,000,000,000 The counting being taught these days, in schools is as under ;fuarEt [I kai] I ~ [ddhai] 10 Ft'csr [SEkdfa] 100 ~-(Jt.ITO [hdjar-hdzar] 1000 t!J1 (Jt.ITO [ddS hdzar] 10000 ~er [ldkkh] 100000 t!J1 ~er [ddS Idkkh] 1000000 em3" [kdror] 10000000 t!J1 ~ [ddS kdror] 100000000 Km [drdb] 1000000000 t!J1 Km [ddS drdb] 10000000000 ~ [khdrdb] 100000000000 t!J1l:fmr [ddS khdrdb] 1000000000000 C'fu;' [nil] 10000000000000 t!J1 C'fu;' [ddS nil] 100000000000000 lf [pdddm] 1000000000000000 t!J1 tRH [ddS pdddm] 10000000000000000 Her [sakh] 100000000000000000 t!J1Rcr [ddS sakh] 1000000000000000000
or ;;dt] [hdjar or sdhdsr] [dyut] [ldkh or Idk;;] [prdyut or nryut] [kdror or kotI] [dburd] [vrfd] [khdrv] [nrkhdrv] [pdddm] [sakh] [mdhapdddm] [sagdr] [aty] [mddhy] [puravardh] [pradha]
[S;)
R-JB
Unit
Thousand
Million
Billion
IFurther counting in ~nglish like this - digit I with 24 zeros is quadrillion. with 30 zeros quintillion. with 36 zeros sextillion, with 42 zeros septillion with 48 zeros petillion. with 54 zeros nonillion.
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Poets have invented another device for 22 var's. counting, i.e. to use the name of an object or a 25 prakrItI. deity for the number it represents or stands 28 lldkshatr. for; as - in place of 30 days of a month. o aka~, nabh etc. 32 teeth. 1 prrthIvI, cadrama, atma, gane~d,jt, a round 40 mukte. 4 of the sun-chariot wheel. 49 pavan. 2 eyes, pak$ (bird's feathers and lunar 64 kala. fortnights (dark and light))., bhuja, 2lyan, There is reference to the meaning and idea saraprasna. of the word sakhya at a number of places. In 3 Ram, pal, tap, attribute, Shiv's eyes, fire, Dasam Granth, this word appears instead of bhuvan, dusk. Rfcnr' in-"samE sat parahot sahai. ta te sakhya 4 Ved, aeons, castes, a$ram (divisions of life sat-sahai."--c.Jbis. Thus satsahai is a noun. according to Hinduism), Brahma's faces, arms 1for [sag] part with, along. "jIs ke sag 11d kachu of Vishnu, stages of life. alai."-NP 2 n meeting. relation. "harT Ik SE 5 pyare l paq.av, sense organs, arrows ofKam, nalT mE sag."-var ram 2 m 5. 3 a group of Shiv's faces, breath, ghosts, treasure, muslim friends, gang, band. "sag calat hE ham bhi prayers. 2 calna."-suhi ravIdas. "ghar te calyo sag ke 6 seasons, sentiments, musical measures, sag."-GPs. 4 doubt, modesty, hesitation. "man bhramarpad, itI, $astar's, vedag. pap karat tli sada sag."-bdsat m 5. 7 muni's, seas, musical tones, mountains, 5 uncertainty, suspicion. "sadhu sagI bInSE worlds, var's, bhumIka's. sabh sag."-sukhmdni. 6 P . a stone. "ham 8 vasu, sIddhI, dIggaj, yog~lg, paInr, nag, papi sag tarah."-var kan m 4. 7 P ...{; a dacoit; king's limbs. a trapper. "jam sag lla phas-hI."-maru solhe 9 bhukhaq., numbers, nIdhi, grah, bhaktI. m 5. 'Yam will not set the trap of death.' 10 dO$, di$a, da$a, avtar, s2>11yasi path. 1for ~ [sag asvad] See erw. 11 rudar. FfarRro [sagsar] P JI,. n to petrify, stone to death. 12 ravI, ra$i, flesh, mISaI's,' yogi path. It is written in Mishkat that this punishment is 13 brahmal} religion, vI$hevclev. meant for adultery, but Muslim rulers used 14 10k, ratan, vIdya, manu. 'stoning to death' for other crimes also. 15 tIthI, somvalli patr. Jforoo [sagdthan] n the act of unifying, uniting 16 skills, ornamentation. scattered articles or men; union. 17 Vedic deities. ~ [sagl)a] v to show modesty, be bashful, 18 pUral), bharat parav. feel shy. 19 a huge mouth. Ffaro [sagat] Skt:R' -08 n association, assembly. 20 nails, bisve. "sagat saInt SUllE mud dhari"."-GPS. 21 murchalla. 2 connection, relation, kinship to sit together. 3 an assembly place for the Guru's followers 'Five Piaras of Khalsa. 2Namazs of Muslims. to sit together. 4 a village in Malva, in Patiala
'Twelve Misls of Sikhs. "Forty Muktas of Khalsa religion.
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Dhilwan during the times of Raja Amar Singh Sahib the ruler ofPatiala. The state presented the entire Sangatpura as fiefdom to Sodhi Sahib and gave four villages (Khareh, Pola, Majri, Raisar) in addition. The total estate of i')(J']"Q Sodhi Sahibs of Sangatpura has an annual 1foJ3" fi:fur [sagat sIgh] Bhai Sukha Singh has income of rupees nine thousand. written in the twentieth chapter of Guruvilas Sodhi Sahib says that he has with him a that while bestowing Guruship to the Khalsa string of beads, a handbook offive prayers of at Chamkaur, Guru Gobind Singh presented Guru Arjan Dev and a breviary of Japuji Sahib a plume to Bhai Sangat Singh Bangsi. See gifted by Guru Gobind Singh. F8 fi:fur 1. 1foJ3"w [sagtara] Sk/~. E Orange, L Citrus 2 son of Raja Phate Singh of Jind, who Aurantium. See ~, B ~. ascended the royal seat ofJind on 30 July, 1822 AdI3d ' f.l [sagtara:;;] P JI;...f-, n a stone dresser, AD at the age of eleven years after the death of stone cutter. his father. In 1824 AD, he was married with tforfo [sagatr] SkI R-m. meeting, compangreat pomp and show to Sabha Kaur, daughter ionship. "sagatr ka gun bahu adhrkai."-nat of Ranjit Singh, a rich resident of Shah bad. He am 4.2 knowledge, education. 3 copulation, paid little attention towards affairs of the state. coition. 4 semantic concordance among Considering him as his relative and a great rider, preceding and succeeding sentences. Maharaja Ranjit Singh loved him very much. RCJJ3lrr [sagatia] carpenter by profession, a He died on 3 November, 1834 AD at the age of devotee who became a follower of Guru twenty three. As he had no children, his nephew Nanak Dev at Achal. He was a famous philant:Jropist and man of great achievement. Sarup Singh, a wealthy resident of Bajidpur 2 See H30(d3Idl~. ascended the throne. See ~ ft:l"ur. 1foJ3" \:TR" [sagat das] See H3C(d3Idl~. 2 See 1jBH Ffor3l>w fi:fur [sagatia sIgh] a disciple of Guru \:TR". Gobind Singh who on the orders of the Guru, FfoJ3yw [sagatpura] a village, in Patiala state, went with seven riders to ask Kirpal Katochi district Fategarh (Basi), Police station Mulepur, and Bhim Chand Kehluri to be reconciled which was founded by Sodhi Didar Singh, with each other at the time when Hussaini had invaded the hilly kings. Sangatia Singh great-great grandson l of Baba Kaul Ji of was killed in the battle. "sigh sagtia taM Saba Kaul pathae."-VN. Sanmali Das Jfarfec? [sagdrl] P J~ ad} stone-hearted. hard-hearted. cruel. HOfi' iT [sagna] See ~. "karr sukrrtu, nahi Abhairam sagna."-maru solhe m 5. 2 in the company of. "nahi re jam satavE sadhu ki sagna." Jaspat Singh -dhana m 5. R(jJ}f [sagam] SkI R-(jJ}f n a meeting, union. Didar Singh state, district Barnala, tehsil and police-station Bathinda. Sangat is the second railway station on Bathinda - Bikaner meter gauge railway line. 1foJ3" wfua" [sagat sahr b] See ~ 3. See ~
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"sadhu s;")gam hE nIstara,"~gau m 5, of Nabha. Raja Raghubir Singh added 2 confluence of two streams, 3 sexllal union substantially to the hu~tle and bustle of this between wife and husband~ coition. city. In Sangrur there are two weapons of Guru Ffcmf [s;}gar] Skt n a war, battle, fighting. 2 a Gobind Singh. One is a sword on which the thick iron chain, ordinary chain (ornamental). text in golden letters reads"gar mahI garue s;}gar parhi."-l\lP e:--,~..fV:h~.:,,-,~j~-'7-S/SofAh;/;,fu:.' FfORJU<! [s;}grahaJ.:l], R~ [s;}grahaJ.:lu] See This sword was presented to Bhai Dharam ~. "nam samalhu nam s~jg2Ir-hu,"--oakar. Singh by Guru Gobind Singh. When Bhai ~ FJTfmr [s;}graJ.).<:l sahIb] There is a village Guddar Singh baptised raja Gajpat Singh at in district and tehsil Amritsar named Chabba. Dialpura, he gifted this weapon to the latter. About one mile away from this village in the The second weapon is a dagger, on which north-east direction, there is a gurdwara of the year 1752 is engraved alongwith the Guru Hargobind. Now, there is a railway station following text of the same name. At this place Mai Sulakhni bl;;g()I0,(;)jofAh(;J~(~))Ji~);.-r:. supplicated to the Guru to bless her with a son. This was gifted by Guru Gobind Singh to With blessings from the Guru, she got seven baba Tilok Singh. sons. Now the whole village is offspring of There is a volume of bound Dasam Granth Sulakhani, in the palace at Sangrur in which Sukhmana The gurdwara building is a small one, and Malkaus di Var figure as additional Attached to it are eight and a half acres land compositions alongwith Japharnamah written in Chabba and fifteen ghumaons in village in the Persian script. Even though the capital is Sangrur, but Manavale. A fair is held on full-moon day of the month of Vaisakh, There is also a official papers are issued under the seal of memorial of Baba Deep Singh the martyr in the state of lind. See tfl't. Rom [sagn:] collects together. 2 nicely adopts. this vi lIage. ~ [s;}grad] See J~, R05 [sagal] Sktftfl:ffi a chain, thick iron chain. "na satI hash badhe s;}gal."-var ram 1 m 1. lfuRror [sagrana] See ~ rfftnf. FfORf'}f [s;}gram] See FfOJT}f, "lakh surtaJ.).u 'Truth is not realized by tying our body with iron chains as an elephant is tied with them.' sagram."-var asa. 2 See nfmffl. HaRfl>w [s;}gria] a cohort, companion, associate. ~ [sag2,ldip] Skt FF\\JM'ilU' an island to the south of India, called Lanka. See Ear. 2 in the company of. "dutan s;3gria.''-bTha m5. "man-hu sagaldip ki nan gare me tabor ki [s;}garur] a town founded by Surtia Singh pik navini."-ca<;ii 1. See ft:f-vc? Phulvansi, forty eight miles from Ludhiana, R05 ~ })fl:f';:JT [sagal vala akhara] See ~. situated on Ludhiana-Dhuri-Jakhal rai Iway HdIWe1U' [s;}gladip] See ft:f-vc? r;f3' ~. Iine. It is the capital of J ind state. Previoulsy FhJrl;ft [s;}gli] Sktftf'l::fMT a chain, Iight iron chain. this town was in Nabha state. In 1774 AD ~ [s;}gl'iala] adjsequential,joined with chains. "ghure nagare dohre raJ.). sagliale." raja Gajpat Singh seized it. Raja Sangat Snngh -ca<;ii var. 'Two war drums which are beaten shifted the capital from lind to this town in 1827 AD. Sangrur is twelve 'koh' to the west by placing them on the back of a horse or a
Ra!
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tfafln
3 adj well sung. 4 short form for ~, camel, are tied with a chain so that they may collected. "bahu bhojan kapar sagit." not get separated.' ffifiT [saga] Skt Ear suspicion. 2 able, capable. -sukhmani. 5 by the company. "sukh gardhabh bhasam sagit. "-dhana m 5. See cITuRor'. 3 a sub-caste of Raj puts and Jats. ~ [sagara] adj hesitated, wavered, felt Ffait3" it! [sagit chad] metres which are appropriate for singing. 2 stanzas in Dasam shy. 2 from the congregation; in the holy company of (Haft3' it). "sat sagaIa <lgran Granth. which resonate with 'Mridung'. In adher g<lvara."~sar ch5t m 5. Dasam Granth are included metres like sagit R'or3' [sagat] ablative case; from the company. chappay, sagit-naraj, sagit padhr~tka, s5git 2 congregation. "bhet<lt sadhsagat."-var guj padhri, sagit bahra, sagit bhujag prayat, and 2 m 5. 3 association, company, with. "at n<l sagit m<ldhur. See their different definitions calat sagat."-sar kabir. and examples under respective entries. Here F\'OJl3't [sagati] adj associate, companion. "avat only the word 'sagit' is explained. It is added sag na jat sagati."-bhET kabir. to the names of those metres which include musical sounds of mndag and are recited 'ffcJITfe' [sagadr] an associate etc. See i8. FfaTro [sagan] adj united. "otr potr bhagt<ln along with harmonic and melodic tune. sagan."-ram m 5. 2 assciation, company. Hence3 to sing a song well. (a) sagit chappay: kagradr kupyo kapr ~ [sagar] Seeftfa'r'o. 2 association, company. katak, bagradrbajan raD bajya.-ramav. "sat sagar."-dev m 5. (b) sagit naraj: suvir jagrada jage. larak FfOJTfu [sagan], ffirrraT [sagari] adj who lives lagrada page.-cac;fi 2. (c) sagit padhr~tka: kagradag kopkE with one; a companion. "mahrla jo dis-hr, dEtraj.-ramav. na koi sagarr."-asa m 5. "parbrah<lm sagari."-bIla kabir. 2 in company with, (d) sagit padhri: tagradag tal bajat alongwith. "jo trh pachE grrr sagari."-NP mucag.--manurai ~ [sagare], ~ [sagarE] from the company. (e) s5git bahra is different from "behra" in Dasam Granth. It has the same form as the "te punit sagare."-asa m 5. 2 with, alongwith. "prabhu ki pritr calE sagarE."-asa m 5. first four lines of chapp<ly as in "sagradr sag Hfar [sagr] adjwho is a companion. 2 a relative. sagrahE tagradr raD ture nacavE."-ram. (f) sagit bhujagprayat: sagrdag sura "mrthra sagr sagr laptae."-asa m 5. 'joined with unreliable companions.' 3 part with, by. kagrdag kopa.-c;:jc;fi 2. "bhariE matr papa kE sagr."-japu. 4 from. (g) sagit madhubhar: kagrda karak. tagrda "tum sru jon avar sagr t)fi."-sor ravIdas. tarak.-c5c;fi 2. Hoff [sagi] adjwho is an associate. "s5gi kl;tota Ffofl3"r [s5gita], FfoftF3" [sagitr] adj skilled in krodhu caqal."-asa m 5. music. "das patau pac sagita."-ram m 5. See RaflR'til [sagisathi] one who keeps company; t!fT~. "ghar ghar nacat sagitr."-carrtr 30. a companion. "sagisathi sagal trai."-asa m 5. Hofto [s5gin] P ,y!' adj of stone. 2 heavy, large. H'oft3' [sagit] Skt R-aft3' n union of three arts 3 firm, determined. 4 a bayonet; a pike shaped dancing, singing and playing instruments. weapon fixed on the mouth of a gun. It is called 'sugu' in Turkish and 'sarneza' in Persian. 2 a book containing description of these three.
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meals for 40 days and takes yoghurt of cow na kicai."-var gu)' 2 ill 5. or goat milk mixed with some salt, black pepper ~ [s;'iguri] a chain. and powder of ginger, he recovers without any R\f! w1u [s;'iguladip] See fl:f"i::~fP-rand Rd1~. medicine. Fi'qn;ft [s;'iguli] See ~. The medicines beneficial for dysentery ~ [s;'igutal, HiI:ft [s;'igutil adjunited,joint, should be used for psilosis. The digestive integrated. "dhan sac s;'igu!:i han sagI suti." powder thus prepared is also very useful. Take -bIla ch;'Jt ill 1. pure sulphur one tola, pure mercury halftola, Fi'cit [s;'ige] by, with, near. "pekhat sunat sada and pulverise both of these. I Also take ginger, hE s;'ige."-sor ill 5. black pepper, piper longum, fried asafoetida, Fi'arfu>w [s;'igoIa] adj FfOT-IJrenfT. 2 by one's white and black cumin seeds one tola each, company. "loha kath s;'igoI21."--vargau 1 ill 4. five kinds of salts seven and a half tolas and FfaT J1I(J [s;'igo sah] See ~!'H. ?lI-fTl'H CfT('i and cannabis measuring half of all these medicines. After grinding and sieving all Fi'iiRft [s;'igori] in the company of. "un s;'itan kE these, mi:i( with the above pulverized s;'igI s;'igori."-gClu ill 5. medicine and put the mixture in a small bottle. ~ [s;'igyak] Skt ~ adj named, called. Eat three masas of this medicine with churned curd of cow milk everyday. Take boiled and Ffar:;p- [sagya] Skt 11 ~ name of a thing; an sieved rice free of gruel in meal. "s;'igrahQi uttered word. 2 consciousness, awareness. "tab $IV ju kIChu sagya pai."--krIsCln. sagrah dusl,an kIy."-CClTItr 405. 3 Gayatri. 4 wife of the sun, who was the Ra.rm'> [sagrahan] See~. "ratan tIag sagrahan kauQi."-bIha ch;'Jt ill 5. daughter ofYishvkarma and who bom Yamraj. Ffaru [s;'igrah] Skt Ff-aru 11 a compilation, Fi'~ [s~)graluau] collected. 2 absorbed entirely. adopted firmly. "nam kartar su dnr collection. 2 an act of gathering. "khIilla dhan s;'igraheI."-bCls.-'it ill 1. nan2lkI sagrahIau."-SClvEye ill 3 ke. ~ [sagrahaQ] Skt 11 collecting, hoarding. ~ [sagrahn:l] See~. 2 controlling, overpowering. "atam rat RO]"dE [sagrahit] adj accumulated, collected. s;'igrahaQ kClhaQ ;'iillrat kal QhalaQ."--savEye ill FfO]"dE (')T}f [s;'igrahit nam] 11 a collective noun, such as a h(;~rd, an army, a drove etc. 2 ke. 3 forbidding, prohibiting. "bis sapatahro basro s;'igrahE."-sr.i ill 1. 'Pmhibit from evil ~ [s;'igraheI] See Rqru. 2 See~. your body, the abode of twenty seven 'lfaru [s;'igrah] Dg 11 a hilt. 2 a haft. 3 shield's elements.' See -am~. gnp. ~ [sagrahQi] Skt 0]'Uit. ,:,f)"",:",'.Jj psilosis. ffilru:;r [sagrahy] Skt adj suitable for accumulation, fit for collection. 2 appropriate for acceptance, The causes of this disease are as those of dysentery. This disease is often a chron ic form adoptable. of diarrhoea or dysentery. A patient of jpsilosis R~ [s;'igrad] See Ffc:M3". suffers from loose motions; his intestine gives Fi''iIJ'1f [sagram] Skt 11 a war, a battle. out noise, his mouth waters; he has back-aches Fi''iIJ'1f fi:fur [s~lgram SIgh] In history he is also and this disease is severe during the day and known as Sanga. He ascended the throne as less painful at night. Ifa psilosis patient skips 'grind like collyrium.
Jfqr [s;'igu] company. See F\\rr. "tIn sagI s;'igu
mmm.
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king ofChataur in 1509 AD. See m.
Ffc[;ft [sagreri ] See ~;ft.
Hl1f [sagh] n throat, gullet. "cabE tata lohsar VICI

saghE palte."-var gau 1 m 4.2 'toba' caste; a class of divers who tell about the salinity or sweetness of underground water by smelling the earth; one who smells; a sniffer. 3 SkI a community, a gang, an organisation. 'f11ifc [saghdtt] SkI n a community, a gang, a group. 2 friction, squabble. 3 the wheel of a chariot etc. HURr [saghar] n a fort made with bushes; a wooden fort. "saghar tahI badhaI cuphera." -GPs. 2 a bugle of war, a war-horn (oofR'ur) "baq jodhi saghar vae. "-G'ic;fi 3. 3 Skt Jfora'" a battle, a war. "sur dekh saghar me kayar palavhl."-NP 4 a sub-caste of Jats. "kadu saghar mIlE hasada."-BG HURIl1<! [sagharsa!).] Skt ~:('GflsfuT n scraping, grinding, rubbing. FfURrfu [sagharahI] See ~. ~ [saghara!).] See ~. "sac val).ajE sacu saghar-hI."-majh a m 3. "gu!).kari gu!). saghrE."-suhi a m 3. 2 ruining, destroying. "satru saghar!).i. "-sanama. See r:fuRf. ~ [saghrE] See ~. HUj1' [sagha] n a bunch (RlfiTlif) of twines in a strung cot. 2 a sub-caste of Jats. F\'ttr3' [saghat] SkI n a community, a gang, a gathering. 2 catarrh, phlegm. 3 a hell. 4 the act of killing; murder. 5 physique, body. RuIT3't [saghati] adj who kills or murders. "bhekhdhari jyo saghati hOI."-BG Fi'ur"a' [saghar], ~ [saghara!).], Hurg [sagharu] Skt R<::JTa", ~ n destruction, devastation. "chut-hI saghar nImakh kIrpa te."-sar m 5. 2 murder. I "hoa asur sagharu."-sri a
'When the word sanghar or sangharal) follows another word, then it acquires the meaning of the 'doer' asasur sanghar and asur sangharal).
m 5. "asur saghara!). ram hamara."-maru solhe m 1. "taskar pac sabadI saghare."-ram am 1. 3 doomsday. 4 process of gathering properly. 5 S ~ native. 6 brave. 7 dear, beloved. H1.ll';lT [saghara] See ~. Fi'fitsr [saghI tal See 1if'cBr. "braham vaky kahI saghIta prapasati jap."-GPs. Ruft [saghi] n neck bone; larynx; Adam's apple. See u'if'<:a'r. FfUfw [saghera], ~ [saghera] a sub-caste of Jats. "nada saghera tIS thJr."-GPs. ~ [saghol] a village situated 13 koh (south of Ropar in Patiala state. Guru Gobind Singh stayed here on way to Kurkshetar, but the gurdwara is now in Ranvan. See
~.
[saghrat] This word has been used instead of ~ (~). "bhat bhat saghrat bhayo kachu na sak VI car."-carItr 125.2 collected, accumulated. Hli1;ft [saghreri] a village 111 Patiala state, under the administration of Barnala, tehsil Mansa and police station Boha. North of this village is a gurdwara raised in the memory of Guru Teg Bahadur. It has 4 ghumaons of vi lIage land and is looked after by a Sikh priest. It is to the west of Breta railway station, connected by a stretch of two mi les of unbricked road. Fhil [saIJ] See ~. 2 See Ror. l'fw [sa~a], Rfurw [sa~Ia] See Rwrr. "devanhar Ihi jug saIJa."-krISa11. 'one who revives.' 2 a state, a condition. "tinI sa~Ia kar dehi kini jal kukar bhasmehi."-sor m 5. ~ [sa~u] a doubt. 2 a company, an association. "satsagatI melo saIJu."-suhi m 4. 'Provide the company of truthful persons.' m:r [sac] See RtJo. "amrIt drISatI SaCI jivae." -gau m 5. 2 See RB1J[7). "sacat sacat thdi kini."-asa m 5.
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Jf~ [sacauni], Fr~ [saCeH).],
F\'trt'i [sacan],
Btif)
HBtif [sacayl,
HtJw) [sacyan] (See J~ and
n a collection, an accumulation, an
amassing. "ram nam dhan karr s;kauni." -gau kabir. "saca!) kau harr eko nam." -dhana m 5. "sacan kar2lu nam dhan nrrmal."-sor m 5. R'tra" [sacar] Skt n dieparture, walk. 2 31 bridge. 3 a water-channel, a hole, a drain etc. 4 a path, a way. 5 body, physique. ~ [sacaral).] Skt n expansion. 2 V'valk, departure. 3 a shiver. Jftlfa'r [sacarro] spread. 2 arrived. See J:l'tPo. 'fi"ffit [s aen: ] See Ht:fTG 5. Jf~ [sacaryau] See 'Fftffirli "harrbas jagat jas sacaryau."-SeWEye m 5 ke. ~ [sacvE] collects, accumulates. "dhan CItvE dhan sacvE."-sri m 4 pahre. 2 accumulated. R'tJr [saca] adjwatered, irrigated. '''amrrt nam rrdE Ie saca."--gau m 5. 2 accumulated. 3 n an earthen pot for collecting (f'c:cf,3T) melted metal; a die, a cast. JftJT<YT [sacal).a] adj accumulated "hand.hem sacal).a."-asa m 5. tftJra' [sacar] Skt B0(i'IR n transmission, going on, roaming, wandering. 2 to bind together. "dVE dYE bal). sacarkE dVE dVE tan pare." -GPs. 'connecting two arrows with a bowstring.' 3 spreading, expanding. "Jagat jas sacaryau."-savEye m 5 ke. 4 entry, approach. "trthE kal na sacrE."-sri am 1. 5 to run, flee. "na nrVE na phunr sacrE."--gau kabir bavcm. 6 a meeting, reunion. "kavan su data Ie sacare."-gau ill 5. 7 body, physique., what makes it possible to exist. 8 a bridge, over which people pass. Jf~ [sacari] Skt f[i~, adj who walks, who wanders. 2 a kind of poetiic sentiment See ~. 3 n the air, wind. 4 musical tone of three octaves in ascending and descendiing order
as :;;a re ga., ga re :;;a, rna pa dha, dha pa rna, pa dha ni, ni dha pa etc. 5 the middle part of 'asthai' and 'abhog' of dhruv pad, that is sung after asthaJi at the time of 'alap'. Jf~ ~ [sacari bhav] See ~. ~ [sacalanJ Skt n goading, urglllg, encouraging. Fff'tr [sacr] after irrigating or watering. See Htr 1. 2 after accumulating, amassing or collecting. "sacr han dhan."-sri m 5. JfM [sacra], rfftp-;p- [sacra] adj collected, amassed, accumulated. 2 watered, sprinkled. "sahrj bhar sacra krral). amnt kal bal).i." -savEye m 2 ke. 'Through rays of noble ambrosial vvord of enlightenment was rained spiritual love.' "'amrrt nam jal sacra."-bIla
m5.
'R'fu'3" [sacrt] Skt adj collected, accumulated. Jftft [saci] adj collected (moor) 2 nourished,
nurtured. "amar janr saci rh kara."-bIla bbir. 3 11 a file of papers, a part. "saci so jni tare dabai."-GPS. ~ [saciE] let us collect/amass. 2 let us water! irrigate. "nIm brrakh bahu saciE."-var sar
m4.
Jf-e- [sacE] See H-Blif. Jf;:r [saj] Ski ~l vr to embrace, to cling; to

quarrel; to go away; to hoard. 2 See ~. "nam nrdhanu man mahr sajr dharr."-var maru 1 m 3. "sajI kia gharr vas."-var majh m 1. "caldIa nal na calE so kru sajiE."-var jEt. "harr dhan jIni sajIa."-majh a m 5. 3 Skt B0f.if n Brahma. 4 Shiv. 5 adj a helmet, armour. "sara saj phutte. "-ca<;ii 2. 6 n armour, a bullet proof vest "subhr sastra sajan s6 survira."-macch 7 P t weight, mass. 8 a measure, a .gauge. 9 cymbal, castanets See~. 10 Spurity, cleanliness. 11 tools, implements. Jft!7i" [sajan] Skt ~ n connecting. 2 rY!ixing. 3 tying.
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Jfm.r [sajam] Skt R-'GIH n act of self-control,

restraining mind and senses from evils. "sajam sat satokh sil."-sdvEye m 4 ke. 2 a religious vow, a precept "nanak Ihu sajam prabhkIrpa paiE."-gdu thIti m 5. 3 reluctance, hesitation. "chac;lI sIanap sajam nanak."-dev m 5. 4 a precaution, abstinence. "bhE ka sajam je brE daru bhau leI."-var ram 1 m 3. 5 a custom; a ceremony. "sajam turka bhai."-var asa. 6 a remedy, an effort. "bIn sajam nahi karaj sar."-dev m 5.7 a method, a technique. "jIna nu mathan da sajam hE, so mathke aganI nI kalde hm." -bhdgta vii. Fft:IHo1 [sajamni] See ~. FfHfi.f [sajamI] with a remedy (~), with an effort. "haumE kIth-hu UpjE kItu sajamI Ihu jaI."-var asa. "nahI jaI sahIsa kItE sajamI."-dnadu. Ffro..ft [sajmi] Skt~,adjtemperate, moderate. See FfRH. Ff;::nj' [sajamu] See FfRH. tft1t;r [s<'}jay] charioteer and mInIster of Dhritrashtar. There is a reference at the beginning of Gita that Dhritrashtar inquired about the battle from Sanjay; he foretold the whole situation ofKurukshetar with prophetic insight. He was a disciple ofVyas and a great scholar. adj who has completely conquered the evils. ~ [sajar] short form for Fftr-'l:Rf. the wearer of an armour. See Fftr. ~ [sajria] collected. See Fftr. 2 attained. "cIrakal Ihu deh sajria."-gdu m 5. FfHtG [sajaph], ~ [sajab] See ft:1't:TrG. ~ [sajar] n proper management. 2 See RtJro. "Iktu sutI proI jotI sajariE'."-var guj 2 m 5. ffi:rraT [sajari] adj hoarded, stored. See RtJro. Fff;:r [sajI] having amassed/collected. See Fftr 2. ~ [sajIa] See Fftr.
[sajiu] See ~. 'lft:fl})f [sajid See Fftr. Rt=iteo [sajidan] P (;)~ v to weigh, measure. R;:f!tT [sajida] P o~ adj weighty. 2 serious, sober. R~ [sajivanI], R~ [sajivni] See TIi3' Ff;:fR71T. 2 See crtr. "parh s<'}jivanI tahI jIyaVE'."-CdrItr 321. "sastra hane s5jivni jyo lagaI tIh det."-NP tfBoro [sajugat] F!tr3" [sajut] Skt ~ ad} with, alongwith. "jog bhog sajutu bal."-sdvEye m .f ke. "d2S gUl) sajut jo dIj hoi."-NP See tH q:R: ~~. 2 joint, united. Rij3'T [sajuta] See 'R1;f3r. R~ [s5jutu] See F!tr3". mT [sajd See Fltrtir. 2 with the amassed. "sajE' karhI pIar."-var asa. 3 See Fft:rr.n. FfR [sajo], RRfI [sajou], RHf [sajoa], RHfT [s5joa] n a part of the armour covering head face and neck; a defensive armament. See Fftr. "S2tgUru ka kh2]:'agu sajou h2rI bhagatI hE."-var gdU 1 m 4. ~ [sajoIa], ~ [sajoi] united, joined, tied. See Fft:ro. "mat pIta bhai sut banIta tIn bhitarI sajoIa."-sri m 5 pdhre. "nIhbhag]:'o bhahI sajoIo re."-toQi m 5. "ISU m2tki mahI sabad s5joi."-asa kdbir. RHor [s<'}jog], RHOST [s<'}jogra] Skt R'Gfor n relations; luck. "dhia put s5jog."-sri d m 1. 2 union, chance. "sajog nam surma akhac;l ek janIyE."-pards. 3 according to astrology adequate match of planetary, astronomical movements etc. "dhan mur2t case pal gharia, dhan su OI sajoga jiu."-majh m 5. "nam hamarE' SaUl) sajog."-bhEr m 5. 4 result of one's deeds, consequence "IIkhIa dhUrI sajog."-majh bardhmaha. 5 union of soul with body; birth "saha sajog viahu vIjOg."-gdU m 1. 6 an effort, an attempt. 7 Skt ~ a yoke. "ceta vatr vakhat sajog."-var ram 1 m 1.
FftfIfI
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'Remembrance of God is moisture: and the time for prayer is ploughing,,' Fffifdr [S::'ijOgIJ, R-Roft [s::'ijogi] adi coincidently, related with one's kam1a. "man2lS j2lncHn S::'ijOgI paIa."-dhcma d m 5. 2 with effort. "kClV2ln S::'ijOgI mII2lu prClbhu 2lpne."--bTla m 5, "mela s~jogi ram."-asa chat m 1. .3 Skt ~aliil-l, adj related, associated. 4 'according to sanyasis and ascetics one who spends his life as a house-holder is a true saint.' Fffl(!T [s::'ijoDa] Skt Flii"R?> n merger, unification. HR-d' [s~jor] Skt~~ adjwho cultivates land; who yokes oxen. "h2lrI SIn: sudha s::'ijOr."-jEt
m5.
[s::'ijOrI] by culltivation, by yoking. ~ [s::'ijova] See HRrw. 2 well-yoked. W3" [s::'ijh], Rw [s~jha] n dusk, time of sunset, darkness, evening. ~ [s::'ijhab2ll] Dg one who is dominant at dusk, a demon; a monster; a fiend; a ghost. Hiir [s~c;l] Skt ~ n demons' priest; a priest of demons, who was son of Shukr and brother of Amrak. Both these brothers w,ere appointed to teach Prahlad. See ~Hcrqr. 2 Skt ~) 11~ a male animal like a bull, or a stud bull who is not castrated . .3 Skt 1.'TU6 a sterile buffalo; impotent; eunuch. FfiirT [s~c;la] Skt 'lS'fUii an infertile buffalo; a barren, infertile woman. Ff~ [s~c;lamCirka] Skt ~U5p:rcI{ both the brothers Shand and Amrak who were sons of Shukr. See Ffiir 1. "Sac;lam2lrka sabhI jaI pukare."-bhEr m 3. [sac;lh] See Hiir, R~ and tf~r. Ff~ [sac;lhDa] v to euphonise, combine, connect, tie. "ape hi lekha s;~c;lhi."-var Elsa. Ff3' or Ff~ [sat or S~ltU] Skt ~rIr\l- adj who has controlled his mind and senses; unpel1urbed (soul). "s~t kE UpClrI deI prabhu h.ath."-g5c;:f m 5. See E saint.
tffifu
In Gurbani the quality and greatness of a saint is thus described: jIna saSI gIraSI nCi VIsrE h2lrInama mCinI mat, dh::'inu SI sei nanka, purCinu soi s~tu.-m 5 var gdu2. ath pClh2lf nIk2ltI k2lrI janE, pr2lbh ka kia rnitha manE. eku namu s~tan adharu, hOI r2lhe s2lbh ki p2lgcharu. sat r2lh2lt sunhu mere bhaL ua ki m2l!uma k2lth2lnu n2l jai. vClrtCiDI jakE kev2l1 nam, 2ln2ld rup kirtCinu bIsram. mItr SCitru jakE ek S2lmanE, pr2lbh C1pune bIn 2lV2lru n2l janE. kotI kotI C1gh kat;:mhara, dukh dUrI k2lr2ln ji2l ke datara. surbir bcK2ln ke bClli,
kaula b2lpuri s::'iti ch2l1i. taka s5gu bach-hI surdev, 2lmogh d2lr2lsu sClphCll jaki sev. k2lrjoj:"I nanClku kClre 2lrdaSI, mohI sattClh2l1 dijE gUDtaSI.-asa m 5. 2 Skt WiJ... a scholar, pandit. .3 superb, superior. "C1mrIt drISCI\I pekhE hUI sat."-sukhmdni. 4 n a disciple of Guru Nanak. "s5t s5gI h2lrI m2lnI VClSE."-gdu m 5. 5 short form of R03' grrrcr. See lJ':Rft. ~ [s5tCli] n saintliness, piety. "s5t na chac;lE s::'itCli."-s kdbir. lf3' FRJTfu [s~t S2lhaI], H3HiJIGJ [s::'itsClhay] adjwho protects a saint. "sahIb satsClhay pIare."-c.Jpdi. H3HiJ'd [s~tsClhar] adj who defends and supports a saint. "s::'itsClhar sCida bIkhIata." -sdvEye m } ke. Ff'3mJT [s5tsClbha] n an assembly of Sikhs; an organisation ofSinghs. "thanu suhava pClvItu hE jIthE satsClbha."-sri m 5. 'an assembly of sadhus blessed with quiet souls.'
mr
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[sat sadhu] ad;whois a tranquil saint: who is a peaceful noble person. 2 11 Guru Nanak Dev. "sat sadhu jrn pan te vac;! purakh."-dhcma m 4. H3" ft::fur [sat sIgh] According to Gurupratap Suray, Guru Gobind Singh decorated Sant Singh with a cockade and panache while conferring guruship upon the Khalsa at Chamkaur, as: "pac-hO me kalgi kIh dinas, so nrrnE suniE man lar, sat sIgh khatri srkh subhmatr, thapyo pac-hO me vac;!Iar, trs ko guruta arpan kinas, prItham khalse me trn par, sastra badhar bathar atari, guru phate bole harkha I. krtak kahrt sag sIgh bagsi, bagas des VIkhE te aI, trs ko karyo sthapan trs chrn, guruta dai jrga pahrrar, satrguru ke srkh don-hu gurumukh, trn me kou thapyo banar, trs par bad nahi kuch barno, dono ke lIhu caran manar." -GPS rutt 6 a 41. Bhai Sant Singh resident of Patti town in Majha \vas an Arora Sikh. His son Hara Singh (whose other name is Bahadar Singh) was bestowed with Hukamnama by Guru Gobind Singh, I which is now with Mai Butki living in the house of Bhai Uttam Singh in Bhaian da Kucha, mohalla Ganj
'The date of this hukamnama is Assu Sudi 9 Sall1mat 1761. There is a reference to Chall1kaur in it. The Battle ofChall1kaur was fought in the tenth month ofBikrami (Poh) and how was hukamnama received in Asu') If the battle ofChamkaur took place in 1760 the hukamnama could not have been received in Asu. 11istorians have a point to ponder.
R3"FlTtJ
rnur.
of Peshawar city. Here is also a turban, a robe and one shoe of the Guru.: Sant Singh's son had gone to Pishawar after leaving Patti. Sce ROB I. 2 son of Bhai Surat Singh. gyani of Harmandir, was a great scholar. Bhai Santokh Singh Kaviraj had stud ied with him. See R3"l::f Gyani Sant Singh died in Sammat 1889. Gyani family of this noble person is highly respected in Amritsar. 3 younger brother of Akali Phoola Singh, whose descendant is a landlord and top lambardar in Taran Tarn. See ~
rnur
rnur.
[sat sat] ad] quiet as a saint: peaceloving scholar, peace-loving noble person. "nandk sat sat hdrI rko."-sri chat m 4. R3U 3?)T [S3tdh tana] ad]who is a saint's son; sadhu's disciple, seeker of spiritual knowledge. 2 a saint's armour, saint's protector (Fl'g), saint's defender. 3 See 3()T 2 and 6. H~ [satkalia] See ~. R3UfTC [s:'ltghat] a quay or ghat of Vein river near Sultanpur where Guru Nanak Dev used to have a bath. After leaving Modikhana, he put on the saint's gown (gown of a traveller) at this place. See~. H3" ;:ro [sat jan] saintly people. tf3tro't [satjani] saintly people. "satj;mi kia updes."-bas5t m 5. 2 a female saint. H3"3" [satat] Skt adv continuously. "satat hi satsagatr sag surag rate."-savEye m 4 ke. H3f::r [satJtr] SkI 11 progeny, children. 2 a subcaste, lineage. 3 expanse, extension. Ff3f3" l./lf [satatr pdth] reproductive organ, vagina, vulva. Ff3" t!TJl [sat das] son of Bhai Bhagtu's successor, Jivan, whose progeny lives in
'The second shoe is at Mehtiall di gali in village Makhdan of district Kohat.
R3" R3"
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village Chak Bhai ka, district Ferozepur. Bhai Jivan had served Guru Hal' Rai for a long time. ~ [satdokhi] adjwho is an enemy ofsaints. "satdokhi ka thau ko nahI."-sukhmani. R3" t:ffilfWW [sat dharamsala] a religious p.lace of Sikhs. "mohI nIrgul). dICE thau sat dharamsaliE."-var guj 2 m 5. H30 [satan] short form for 1"El'i17i. "jahT sadhu satan hovhI Ikatr.."-dh.:ma m 5. "s;~tlla k carallI lag. "-asa m 5 partal. 2 to saints. "ha~I satan kan nama namo."-g;w a m 5. 3 Skt 1!FCf1, a source of body's comfort. "'uthI sIdhare chatrpatI satan k:=: klnaIL"-.bIla 1115. H3i)T [satna] See Ff3Q [satanu] See RSQ. ~1iI' [s;')tney] See t~. "bhayo tJn ke bhadh me satney;'). bhae tahI ke Jkauro pii(~vEya." -gyan. 2 See ~Gr. Ff3ts [satpat] Skt ~~ adj very hot. 2 utterly miserable. H3funr-a' [satpIar] love for saints. 2: pc:aceloving. ~ [satprasadI] with the grace ofa saint. "satprasadI han kirtan gau."-gau m .5. ~ [s;')tbahal] See '8"Crn". ~ [satmaqalJ, HoJ.fmft [satm;jcjli] an assembly of Sikhs; a gathering of Sikhs reposing faith in the Guru. "siHm~i(~al mahI nIrmal katha."-bhE'T m 5. 2 society of saints. H3H3' [satmat], Ff3l-f~ [satmatu], 1:f3l-f::r [satmatr] teachings of Guru Nanak . 2 a sadhu's sermon. ~ [satra] See HeJBaT and cralBCJT. 'lf3m [satri] E Sentry, a soldier on guard. ~ [s;')trel).u] an ascetic; was a chief priest of a saintly group imparting education. Seeing this group starving for many days, Guru
mm.
Nanak Dev gave them Rs. 20,1 brought for business from home. The place where this incident occurred is now named as "khara sJda." See ~(J3" a-TCfT. 2 the dust of saint's feet; dust of the feet. H3W [satla] See rfBw. H~~ [sataul).a] v to torment, annoy, hurt. "na tIsu kal sataI."-sri a m I. "dut na sakE satai."-guj ami. H3'O [satan] Skt Wc:'I"Ff 11 progeny, descendants. 2 a mythical wish-fulfilling tree; a desiregranting tree. "janIye satan ke saman banE anban, dani man kamna, na dani mokh gyan h."-NP 3 expansion, extension. 4 arrangement, management. 5 continuous flow of water. ~ [satani] adj of the saints. "jInI rakhi an satani."-sar m 5. 2 who has children. H3Ttf [s:'ltap] Skt n burning sensation, heat, scorching heat. 2 suffering, agony. 3 fever. "sabhe dukh s:'ltap jii tudh6 bhuli."-var ram 2 m 5. 4 repentance, regret. "bhIklua bhojan karE satap:'-var ram I m 1. ~ [satapan] 11 tormenting, causing suffering. H3'lft [satapi] Skt ~, adj who oppresses; who torments. .
'Many ignorant but cunning writers have shown Santren as Guru Nanak's mentor. Guru Nanak himself says about his Guru in Gurbani- "aprapdru parbraham parmesur nanak gur mIlIa soi jiu."-sor m J. See about Santren in Guru Nanak ParkashA question by followers of Santrenu: "arbala laghu bal sucali. gIra vIrag bhagatI bhal sali. tum s6 an kin bahu bhau. mndul knpalu vIsal subhau. bhojan s:Jj an jab bEse. calan rajaI din tum kEsel" Answer ofSantren: "sun mahilt bolyo bar bani. Ih ko parampurakh sukhdani. kdlavan gyani gunkhani. duryo rahE gatI parE no jani. bhayo asahI mom tej prabhau. yate dini jan rajau."-NP puravaradh a 15.
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Rg [satu] See ffi and FB.

~ [satusat], ~ [satusatu], ~ [satust]
adjvery happy, highly pleased. See vr. "gursIkha kau han satusa\u hE."-var vac;i m 4. 2 very contented. "yatha labh satus\ vIcarE."-GPS. Jf3" [satE] to the saint. "satE satu mIlE manu bIgSE."-nat am 4. Ff3tr [satos], R-3l:f [satokh] Skt~ n patience, giving up of greed. "manI satokhu sabadI gurraje."-ram m 5.2 happiness, bliss. "komal baJ:.1.i sabh kau satokhE."-gau tluti m 5. See 9J1 and 3cf. ~ [satokhsar] See~. 2 a pool of contentment. "te nae sathokh gur sara."-bIla m 4. 'lf3cr Hfu [satokh sarI J a stream of contentment. "te guru satokh sarI nate." -gau m 4. 2 in the pond of contentment. 'lf3cr [satokh sigh] Bhai Deva Singh' resident of Burhia (district Ambala) was a religious man. He learnt Vedant and Gurbani in the company of Sant Karam Singh "Nirmala". Interest in education motivated him to come to Amritsar. Bhai Santokh Singh was born at this place in Sammat 1845. 2 He learnt to compose poetry from an eminent scholar, Gyani Sant Singh.' Bhai Santokh Singh was a perfect scholar and had the miraculous power of composing poetry. While staying in Burhia he translated Amarkosh and in Sammat 1880 wrote Guru Nanak Prakash. After this he got employment with Maharaja Karam Singh in Patiala. In Sammat 1882 the ruler of Kaithal Bhai Udai Singh requisi-tioned
~
Skt~
mur
'Elders of Deva Singh belonging to the chiba caste adopted Sikhism. . '''deva sigh pIt te janam bVI satokh sigh nam."NP '''sat sigh guru akkhar data. nama karo tIn pi1d jaljata."
-Cps.
him from the service of Maharaja of Patiala and kept him there honourably. While staying in Kaithal, Bhai Sahib composed Garabganjni, a translation of Japuji in Sammat 1886 and with the help of pandits in the employment of Bhai Udai Singh. he wrote many books in Hindized Punjabi and wrote biographies of the holy nine Gurus in a granth named "Gurpartap Suray" completed in Sammat 1900. In the same year, he passed away. Bhai Santokh Singh himself writes about the composition of this granth: purab mE $ri nanak katha. chadan bIkhE raci matI yatha. rahyo cahto gurun VrItat. nahI payo tIs te pa$ca t. karam kal te kEthal ae. thIt hVE japuji arath banae. balmikI knt katha suni jab. chadan bIkhE raci ham sabh tab. pun vIdat ko grath mahana. upnI$dan ko jahI vakhyana. atam ko puraJ:.1. JIS nam. sakal banayo so abhuam. cahat bhaye ap guru jab-hu. bhasacay das guru yas tab hu. her umag mohI man ai. karan lagyo Ih grath suhai. purvardh utraradh dOI. katha bani guru nanak SOI. varJ:.1.i dvadas raSI agari. Ilavam guru lag katha sudhari. khat rItu yukat bane yug ayaIl. ;;ri gubid sigh gatha ayaIl. bhae prakaraJ:.1. sarab ke bai. m ras te puran sukhdai. ;;ri guru ki gatha subh gaga. chad umag utag taraga. ramkOvar gIrIVar te IlIksi.
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sIkkhan vIkh jagat me v:[gsi. sun sun grahI atma samat l adI pachan., madhu mas" satrun kar bha utpat mahan, pari lut kapIthaP vIkh mIle cor vatpCir, ap ap ko bhajcale taj pur sabh Ik bar, sayan mahI IS grath ki bhai samapat:[ aT, vIghan vrfd te bacrahe r;;ri kartar sc,haI. --GPs. The following are other famous books by Bhai Santokh Singh: (1) Amarkosh. (2) Guru Nanak Prakash Sam mat 1880. (3) "Garbganjani tiika" of Japuji Sahib which was completed in Sammat 1886. (4) Translation of Atam Puran. (5) Translation of Valmiki Ramayan 1891. (6) Gurupratap Suray (Suraj Prakash) Sammat ]900. Bhai Sahib had reverence for and devotion to Gurmat, but he made mistakes at many places under the influence of pandits. Inspired by them he wrote the life stories of the Gurus in the puranic tradition by describing them as avtars so that his writings were not against the Shastars which, he believed, in turn would ensure a larger circulation and greater respect for his writings. 2 a devout Sikh of Guru Gobind Singh, who was appointed Jathedar at the time of the Guru's departure from this world at Abichalnagar and ordered to carry on free kitchen: "Ik satokh sf gh yut rahJ: 1:. tIs sag bole karuDa sahIt. IS thal raho deg bartavhu. r;;raddha yut so sfgh tIkavhu."-GPs. R3cf<!'r [satokhDa] v to satisfy, please. 2 xa to close and wrap the sacred book, especially Guru Granth Sahib.
ISammat Bikrami 1900. 2First month ofBikrami Sammat (eeL). 'Kaithal.
R3cr tTFf
~zr.
[satokh das] See~, 1jBH tTFf and
R3'l:ll:fQT [satokhpura] There is a gurdwara

related to Guru Gobind Singh in a forest owned by the government, situated near Darpur road which is one and a half mile to the east of Chhachhrauli, in Kalsia state district Ambala. Previously there was no such gurdwara. On the 1st of November 1920, this place was discovered through the efforts of Sant Khalsa Harnam Singh ofMastuana. This gurdwara is :,ituated at a distance of 8 miles to the east of Jagadhari railway station, approachable by a metalled road. A fair is held on the 7 1h Poh Sudi of the Bikrami calendar. R3cn-ro [satokhmath], R~ [satokhmari], ~ [satokhmari] a temple of contentment; an abode of satisfaction. 2 a monastery of satiety. "bhIkhIa namu satokhmari." -var maru 1 m 3. R3cft [satokhi] Skt~adj content, forbearing; greed-free. ~ [satokhii] by the contented ones. "sev kiti satokhii."-var asa. ~ [satokhu] See Ff3'q. RCfT [satha], J:ffurc [sathIa] SkI n stable living, stillness, serenity. 2 The act of acquiring knowledge by controlling sense organs. 3 to die. R~ [sad] SkI ~ n something that breaks; a tool. ~ [sadaura] See FA\!(jd' and ~. ~ [sadal] A n sandalwood, scent. R~ [sadli] ad} sandal-coloured. "subhe sadli bajI raji."--paras. 2 of sandalwood, of chandan. 2 n long legged scaffold used for whitewashing and painting houses. 4 See ~
-m:m
J ,,:-"
fu.
~ [sadra]., ffi::;ft [sadri], ~ [sada]
part of
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"bIrad suami sada."-bIha chJt m 5. "karma ISU man kau mamta kIth-hu lagi? sadra khet."-majh barahmaha. "m;'}dar mIti -mala m 3. sadre."-suhi m I kuca;i. "klinE hetln jalaiE kIdh5 devkanya kIdh5 vasvi hE, balan sadE thaI."-s fdrid. 2 Skt~This word kIdh5 jacchani kfnri nagni hE, kIdhs gadhravi dEtja dev~a si, has also been used for ~, which means a dense forest. "khavaD sadrE sul."-var gdU 2 kIdh5 surja suddh sodhi sudha si, m 5. 'eat thorns in jungles.' 3 See~. kIdhS cItr ki putnka si bani hE, Fffeorq [sadIgadh] Skt BRItT adj doubtful, kIdhS sakhIni cItnni padmIni hE, suspected, alleged. kIdhS rag pure bhari ragmala, 'Jfet [sadi] feminine of Fltr; of. "maDas s;'}di bari ram tEse sIya aj bala.-ramav. as."-majh bardhmaha. 2 ~ n a cot, bed. R-e-(]T [sadeha] See ~. 2 a communication, Fft!Wo [sadipan] Skt n Ff-t!Wo lighting up, a message. "par payan as dIYO sadeha." -CdrI tr 356, blazing, illuminating. 2 a learned Brahman, Hi! [sado] See Fltr. father of Sandipan. See ~ B ~. FRltrfo [sadipanI], ~ [sadipani] Skt~. 'fffiu [sadoh] Skt ~ n Ff -~. act of milching properly. 2 entire milched milk. 3 ad) all, a learned Brahamin ofKashi, son of Sandipan, resident of Avanti, who taught art of weapon I)' complete, total. "bada sat sadoh pad."-NP and scriptures to Balram and Krishan. "guru pas FfW [sadora] See ~. sadipanI ke tab hi dIn thoran me bhale jaI ~ [sadrav] SkI n the act of running away, khale."-krIsdn. 'Krishan killed Panchjan as 2 especially of deserting the battlefield, FfIl [sadh] Skt n a get-together. 2 a vow, a graduation fee to him.' See~. Fftflw [sadila] a major town of a tehsil in pledge, a promise, See ~. 3 See Hfu. district Hardoi of U.P. See ~ 2. ~ [sadhaura] SktBFmn'T sindur, vermilion.' "ab tau jare mare sIdhI paiE, lino hathI ~ [saduk], ~ [sadukh] A J ,PtJ a box; a trunk. sadhaura."-gdukabir. See~. 2 sadhuria Ff~ [sadesra], Ff-e-Ff [sadesro], Ff-e-rr;rr rag. See ~ 2. "bajat rag sadhaura."-saloh. [sadesra], 1"Rw [sadesa] (Ff -fuR) See Fft:ra" [sadhak] ad) who burgles. "sadhak tohI "SUD sajan prem sadesra."-var gdU 1 m 4. 2 a sadhu nalu kahiau."-bIla kdbir. 2 who pierces. courier, a messenger, an ambassador. Fft:rr [sadha] Skt n a situation, a state. 2 a vow, ~ [sadeh] ~. one's own body. "je je sahI promise. 3 acceptance. 4 wine. jatan sadeh."-VN 'those who bear physical HtPO [sadhan] SkI n preservation. 2 focusing torture.' 2 Skt n (Ff-~ uncel1ainty, doubt. on, taking aim. "sar sadhE agas kau,"-var 3 a figure of speech in which the true meaning majh m 2. 3 a cow-shed. of a word lies hidden at the deeper level with Ffl:Jl'?i1' [sadhani] struck at, rierced at. See ~. 2 SkI WuRT n union. 3 achievement. doubt persisting at the surface level. In it words like for, fc;(if, ~ etc. are often employed. 4 search, looking for. 5 rearing, bringing up. Example: Fffi:r [sadhI] SkI n reconciliation, compromise. Ihu manu gnhi kI Ihu manu udasi? 2 connection. 3 ajoint. 4 grammatical term for kI Ihu manu avaran sada aVInasi? 'sandhur is called sandhIrag because women add colour kI Ihu manu cacaIu kI Ihu manu bEragi? in the parting line of hair with it.
m-w.
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combination of words as ~lR from t1clH-EtR RtlJI'T [sadhya] Skt WmT n a time proper for and ~from '!3O-ret;r. 5 burglary, breach, break. meditation. See 1ffi:rfr. 2 See qaT. "bhajat sadhI ko taj sadan."-carItr 1 04. 6 'fftr.;riR [sadhyas] See qaT. company. "gurmukhT s;'lclhI mIlE man manE." rfo [san] See R1:ro. "bal) sacava sanIkE."-val' ~gcJU a m 1. 7 relaxation, rest. "tnku\T sadhI guj 2 m 5. :2 a breach, a break See Rfu and me pekhIa."-bIla kabil'. 8 vagina, vulva. R'fo and rfq. 3 also used in place of~. 9 sunset, evening. "barat sadhI soc car."--sal' "japha1 satguru sabad kar moh san kar nas." m 5 partal. a vow, evening rituals and ablution. ~NP See ~m. 4 Skt ~ adj got destroyed. FIib>'>fr [sadhIa] Seerhvo and HQ1?';T. "sCll'sadhIa 5 tired. 6 was drowned. gavar."-val' kan m 4. 'shot an arro'w.' 2 Skt ~ [sanhan] Skt R-7iU the act of tyi ng Fftr.;p- sunset. "sadhIa pratu Isnan karahi." properly; tightening. 2 the act of yoking a -gau kabil'. 3 evening rituals; pranayam and horse with the chariot. jap etc. religious practices; sunrise and sunset, 'Ifo3' [sanat] n a hint, sign, indication. 2 Skt according to Dharamshastars. "eha sadhIa ~ adjH (properly) 7i3" (bent); humble. parvaI:m hE jItu han prabhu mera CItI aVE." Ff?i'q [sanaddh] Skt ~ adj completely tied. -val' bIha m 3. 2 who is wearing arms properly and tightly. tffbnro9' [sadhIani] See Ffqro and r1"QT~t "churi RO'c1 [sanah] Skt ~ n See~, ~, ~, sadhIani."-pl'abha bel)i 'Knife is pierced into.' ~. "gurmatI si1 sanaha he."-mal'u solhe m ~ [sadluabada] Sktm~fT ''tc'). n ritual 3. "ram kavac das ka sanahu."-g5<;i m 5. of salutation to gods at dusk. "pap: pustak 'Remembrance of God is a shield for devotees sadhIabada. "-val' asa. of God.' ~ [sadhIk] See 1:fqcr. 2 Skt ~!FtTCfl arthritis, ~ [sanahnpu] n a spear-scmama. 2 all weapons whiich pierce the defensive armaments. a kind of gout. Htit [sadhi] See Rfu. ~ [sanahu] See~. 'IftJ [sadhu] a sub-caste ofjats. 13hai Bala was R'fo [sanI] n burglary, breach, break. "mal)ak ofthis sub-caste. moti nam prabhu unI lagE nahi sanI."-majh rl"g-a' [sadhur] Skt m~ See fm;o. bal'ahmaha. 2 shOit form of~. See~. ,,~ [sadhurna] v to mark with vermillion. rfforrR" [sanlas] Skt ~ n a renunciation. 2 to decorate with vermilion. "'apT ap 2 the fourth stage oflife according to Hinduism. sadhurae."-va<;i chat m 1, "bErag kahn sanIas."-akal. 3 also used for ~ [sadhuri] adjvennilion coloured., deep red. ~. "jogi jagam aru sanIas."-basat m 9. ~ [sadhuria] adjvennilion ,coloun~d. 2 n a Jf~ [samasi] Skt ~;:r~ adj who is a renouncer. 2 who adopts the sanyas ashram. l musical rag also called 'sfdhura'. It is considered the son ofhfc:lol rag. It has all the lSee t3'Cf l?fTF.f<l}{. According to Anushasan Parv of seven notes; it enhances the feeling of valour. Mahabharat there are four kinds of sanyasis So like Maru rag, it is sung during the war. In ~m N~ ~ ~ I e;'B. q(l1g(1~lil ~ ~ \1 it the second and the seventh notes are soft ;jj91i. I [ and the rest are pure notes. It is sLing from They are Kutichak, Vahudak, Hans and Paramhans. The 11 th 'ghari' to 15 th 'ghari' (ghari is a unit of last is superior to the first. On this subject. see fourth time equal to 22.5 minutes) after day-break. chapter of Vishnu Simiriti.
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"sanIasi hOIkE bratln
SeetFrmr~.
bhramIo."~marum
5.
~ [sanIkarakh] Skt ~ n
R-fo-fqfr.
fascination, attraction, pull. 2 nearness, closeness. 3 engrossment of senses with evils. ~ [sanIh:] after aiming at, targeting. See
Rnl.
'lffoa!tr [sanIgadh] Skt l'FrnT ad) greasy, fatty,
oily. "malIk asan sanIgadh magava."-NP Fffofu [sanIdhI] Skt BP~ftr n nearness. 2 combination of two words for explaining the meaning of a lesson; a compound word. 3 best treasure. Fff'ir;1..rro [5 a nI pat] Sk t BP ~ 1:JTc1 n R - i'nt.fr3". collapse, act of falling flat. 2 meeting, reunion. 3 secret of a musical rhythm. 4 a disease. Skt ~ a disease caused due to the maligning of body's three elements vat, pitt and kaf (~, flB, ~). iLJ( .n Brain-fever, head's swelling, brain-disease, cerebritis. It is a very dangerous kind of fever. Its symptoms are: constipation, high fever, ache in the forehead, swooning, red face, rough tongue, uneasiness, fast' heart-beat, acute thirst, sweating, vomiting etc. In Ayurvedic system of medicine there are 13 kinds of cerebritis whose names and symptoms are the following: (a) sadhIk-joint pain, insomnia. (b) atak-swelling, headache, hiccup, trembling of hands, raving. (c) rugdah-stomachache, thirst, nervousness. (d) CItt vIbhram-drowsiness, high fever, giddiness, restlessness. (e) ~itag-coldness, unconsciousness, fast breathing. (D tadnk-swoon, drowsiness. (g) kath kubaj-blocking of throat, molarache, headache.
(h) karnak-swelling in ears. cough, high tem perature. (i) bhug;m netr-squint, fainting, fit. (j) rakt~thivi-blood with sputum, pain in stomach. (k) pralapak-raving, suffering from high fever, body-trembling. (I) jIhvak-prickliness on tongue, stammer, fast breathing and cough. (m) abhInyas-thirsty feeling, dirty teeth, unconsciousness etc. The duration ofthese 13 kinds of cerebritis in sequence is70 days, 10 days, 20 days, II days, 15 days, 25 days, 13 days, 10 days, 18 days, 10 days, 14 days, 16 days, and 15 days. After this duration, either the patient is cured or he dies. Cerebritis should be treated by a qualified doctor, vaid or hakim without delay. Following treatments have proved beneficialputting handkerch ief soaked in cold water on head; washing offeet and legs with medicated water; sniffing mixture of coriander, sandalwood powder, camphor and rose-water filled in a bottle; doing hukna; sniffing ground seeds ofkandiari and giving lukewarm boiled water to drink. The following decoction cures cerebritis : karu, swertia Chiraita, fumaria vaillantii, spermum grabrum, curcuma reclinata, seeds ofjhajan, piper longum, inula racemosa hook, viola odorata, chamkan moli, cedrus deodara, zingiber officinale, myrobalan, algahicamelorum fisch, cleodendrum serratum. Take equal quantity of each of these fifteen medicines, boil two tolas of it in half a seer of water till to 8 th of its volume, sieve and serve it lukewarm. "chai rag aru S.:lnIpat gan. "-c;;JrItr 405.
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~ [samves] Skl~11 stability., settling
down, feeling of relief. 2 arrangement, management. 3 condition, situation. 4 base, foundation. 5 arena for spectacle. 6 vicinity of the village. lfq [sanh] 11 burglary, breach, break. 2 bodyjoint. 3 See Hfu. 4 See'l'fqro, R-q 'fl'Tfmr [sanh sahI b] See crrmr cit 'f<JfW. lffQ [sanhI], 'f1cJT [sanhi] 11 burglary, breach, break. "jam dan badhe mariah I jlu sanhi upan cor."-val' sarm 3.2 blacksmith"s tongs with which he piclks hot metal. "man jaiia sanhi cft bhai."-maru m 1. 3 place of bodyjoints. 4 fodder prepared by mixing grains, flour and chaff. SkI fodder meshed with solution of oil-cake, ground grain and water. SkI BFft. 'Fi7iJr [sany] This word has been used f~:)f~. "sany bhayo Ih VEd ucara."-cal'Itr .281. 'Ffo:irrR' [sanyasl, R7i':;pFft [sanyasi] See ~
11 fame, wealth etc. material. "sapau kISE na nallI.'''-var sri m 3. "karT acar bahu sapau sacE."-pl'abha m 3. Fftrz [sapat] Skt 1JTJf}' 11 a cover. 2 a carton. 3 a box. 4 a curtain, the feeling of closure. "kaka kIra!).I kamal mahI pavao sasI brgas sapat nahi ava. "-gau bavan kabil'. 'When the lotusmind is enlightened, it does not close with an illusion.' 5 prefixation and suffixation of a word to a mantar; recital of sacred text with prefix and suffix ofa mantar as : "o~) vahguru oa." 6 heating the drug, keeping it in two vessels. Ri..l3' [sapat], F\1..sr [s~lpata], R1..ffu' [sapatI], m:ff3' [sapattr] Skt ~-B$ 11 (R-lf<2) high status, luxury. "sapat harkh na apat dukha. "-gau m 5. "sapatI rath dhan raj SIU aL[ nehu lagaro."-tI]:"ig m 9. 2 advm~ has been also used for~, which means correctly, rightly,
r3' RforRt. lftrtI [sapau] SkI Rl.ftT
now. "patr bhurje!). jharia, nah jaria pe<;l sapata. "-ga tha. ~ F.fTA'Sf [sapattI $astr] SkI 11 economics, book of learning that provides knowledge to enhance the economy. R~ [sapadl, 'ffu'er [sapada] See Hts. ~ [saparak] Skt ~ 11 (off -f1:ru) coincidence, connection, association. Rl.l"3' [sapat] Skt 11 downfall, collapse. 2 fly. 3 leap, jump. 4 pounce, swoop. m.rfu' [sapa tIl, r:n..rr3r [sapa til SkI ~ 11 son of Arun, the charjoteer of the sun, who was elder brother of Jatau. He is described having the look of a vulture. See ~. 2 SkI ~, adj likely to collapse. 3 flyer. ~ [sap adak] Skt wqlC;Cfi adj producer. 2 executive, administrator. 3 manufacturer. 4 one who edits a book or newspaper; an editor. ~ [sapadan] Skt 11 produce. 2 manufacture. 3 execute. ~ [sapady] Skt adj worth producing. 2 worthy of manufacturing. See~. 'F\'urn1 [sapani] ad} delegated, handed over, dedicated. "badhap sakhe pache tInahu bu sapani."-gau a m 5. tfyc [saput] See FP-IZ. "man saput jItu satsarT nava!).u."-suhi m 1. 'Mind is the throne of God.' 2 according to Ayurved, act of heating drug by keeping it in two vessels. RyClfFO [saputpa th] See R<-iZ 5. "saput su pa th pa<;lhte prabin."-GPs. RtIO<!' [sapma!).] SkI ~ adj whole, entire, all 2 complete, full. lfit [sapE] 11 wealth, fame. 2 to wealth. "SaPE dekhI na harkhiE."-gau kabil'. ~o [sapan] Skt W'1?T adj (off -tR) very wealthy, greatly famous. 2 absolute, complete. 3 with, alongwith, inclusive. 4 rich, wealthy. R1{<Jf.iIl3' [sapragyat] Skl~ adjwell known. 211 according to the practice of yoga the kind
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of contemplation in which knowledge ofthings and sensuality remains intact. ~ [saprada] SktR-l.fi!!. passing on completely. 2 systematic act of imparting perceptual learning etc. lf1:f~ [sapradai] See ~ . lf1:f~ [sapraday] Skt~ adjwho provides. See Rl.fi!!. 2 n a traditional system of imparting learning. 3 a religious practice continuing from tradition. 4 teacher-pupil tradition. 5 a religious sect. R'8" [sab] Skt -wq n stone. 2 a metallic cap at the end of a stick. RlfU [sabah], ff'8"d7) [sab-han] SkI ~ n a massage. "nati dhoti sab-hi."-s fdrid. 'bathing after rubbing paste (prepared with oil, barley flour and turmeric on the body)' 2 See~. Fi'stit [sab-hi] See RlfU. [sabat], [sabat sar], ~ [sabatr] SkI ~ and ~ n a year, annum. "sabatr saha lrkhra."-sol1Ila. See ~ and ~. [sabar] Skt ihN and 'Fhro are both correct. n water. 2 wealth. 3 a war. 4 a vow. 5 a demon, also named Dasyu in Rig Ved. He also battled against king Divodas and Indar. He t>ught against Kam for a long period. When Kam took birth in Krishan's home as Praduyman, he then membered the old enmity, took away the child and threw him in the sea. Finally he was killed by Praduyman. SambaI' also helped Hirnyakshipu to finish off Prahilad. "das dayos ko bal bhayo jab hi, tab sabar dEt IE tahr gayo hr."-krISdn. 6 adj very good. 7 lucky. 8 content; happy. Ff~ [sabar-arr], Ff~ [sabararr] n Praduyman, son of Krishan, who killed Shambar, the demon. 2 Kamdev, who continuously fought against Shambar in the garb of Praduyman. "s5b;:>r ke ;:>n ki ehdbr line. "-dj
Ffaorfu tJlf lIN rfu [sabran c=lkh dhuj an], R'mJrfu g;:r ;3''6 TIffu [sabran dhuj eaeh an] n
an arroW.-Sdllama. sign of a male fish in the flag of SambaI' 's enemy Kam, - the enemy of its eye. Aljun had married Draupadi by shooting an arrow in the eye of the male fish. R8'1'l [sabal] Skt ~ n travelling expense. "tako sab;:>l pac SE, rs ko pEse pac."-GV 6. 2 jealousy, envy. 3 a shore, coast, beach. 4 a Iineage, dynasty. Ff~ [sabalkhar] arsenic. See R"I:f~. "sabalkhar qar kar syani."-CdrItr 350. [sabah] See ~ 2. SkI <.=tcm; n a bazaar. 3 also used for ffi;j"{J". "laskar jore kia sabaha." -asa m 5. 4 best carriage, best coneyance, best vehicle. "hEvar gEvar rath sabahe."-guj m 5.5 morning, dawn. "han nam japr sabaha he."-maru solhe m 3. 6 See~. RWOO [saba han] SkI ~ n rubbing of bodyparts, massage. See Ff'80. 2 massaging of muscles. 3 transport. 4 deliver. "srn sIrr rrjak saba he thakur."-soddru. "drtonu rrjak sabahr."-var asa. 5 to provide. Rm [sabahr]' ~ [sabahe] See ~. H<fTt!' [sabad] Skt Ff~ n a discussion, conversation. 2 news, information. Ff~ [sabadi] Skt ~, adj a debater. 2 he who maintains accord, remains in agreement. 3 concordant note or tone that supports 'vadi', by which the nature of a 'rag' becomes evident. See ~ and ~ 'F.l'8t". R~ [sabral] a sub-caste of the Rajputs.
mru
m"FlO
See~.
R'l'iE [sabit] Skt Rfu. adj covered. 2 gone by,

past.
~ [sabuk] Skt7JJRffi n a sea-shell. 2 an oyster,
shell. "jyo sabuk te mukta caru."-NP

~ [sabuh] all. entire. See ffi;j"{J". "nanak sukh
s5buh saeU."-ViJT guj 2 m 5. ~ fsabuk] See Rgq. 2 an untouchable, who
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was put to sword by Ram Chandar for Purans, incarnation of Kalki will happen at committing the crime of doiing penance to go this place at the end of Kalyug. "bhal bhag to heaven. His act of observing penance was bhaya Ih sabhal ke harr ju harrmadrr avhfge."-kalki. considered so inauspicious or disastrous in the kingdom that the young son of a Brahman R~ [sabhall)a], ~r [sabhalna] v to be alert, be vigilant. died. As soon as the head of Sanbuk was chopped off, the dead Brahman boy [sabhav] Ski n being. 2 possible. 3 genesis, immediately revived. See ~~ arc~ 7 a: 76. birth. "tngadjonI acet sabhav."-asa ravIdas. ~ [sabed] See *,R. 4 consonance, coincidence. 5 cause, reason. fu:;r [sabedy] Sktm~ ad)fuilly worth knowing; 6 feasible, possible. deserving to be understood. R~ [sabhavIo], ~ [sabhavIau] selfexisting one, who does not need another's help ~ [sabodh] Skt 11 full knowledge, real knowledge. 2 act of talking to, way of to come into being. 2 See rRnT R~. addressing. 3 created, produced. "lffit:lo [sabodhan] Skt 11 awaken, alert. 2 call, R~ [sabhakhcll)]' rf511::f?l [sabhakhan] Skt ~ntalk, discussion. "kar sabhakhal) apas address. [sabadh] Skt 11 attachment, union, merger. mahi."-NP "sagal sabhakhan japI."-sar ill 2 relationship, marital alliance. 3 marriage, 5. "satah sag sat sabhakhan."-dhana ill 5. rfgr tft [sabha ji] See ~r tft. engagement. Fhirft [sabadhi] Skt ~f1=qf::ST'1, ad] relative, Ff~ [sabhar] See rf~. 2 Ski n material, goods. "sabh sabhar sabharkE sri nanak Q-hIg associate. 2 collateral, daughter's progeny, an."-NP 3 fame, wealth. kith and kin. R"8JlTO [sabyan], [sabyana] S(X~ ~. R~ [sabharanl v to maintain, keep. 2 to remember. "pavcm nam jagat me harr ko kab~ [sabh] short form of~i3~. 2 See~. 3 Skt ff-g- ad) superb, resplendent, illuminating. hu nahr sabhara."-)Et ill 9. R~ [sabhau] Set: Hi. "akal muratr ajuni R~ [sabhanka], rf~ [sabhalka] See "F!wo. ad)endowed with, famous. "kr sabhalka sabhau."-raill am 5. chE."-datt. ~ [sabhral)] Skt 11 filling up completely. ~ [sabhall)a], ~- [sabhalan] v search, 2 accumulating. seek. 2 taking into custody, having under R~ [sabhri] ad) who takes good care of. protection. 2 Shambhvi, Shiv's power. R~ [sabhre] ad) cautious, alert. "tabE sabhre P.'~ [sabhalu] a plant, branches of which are useful for making small baskets and its boiled din heta dayala."--illacch. leaves are used for fomenting swollen parts ~ [sabhres] chief of Sambhal town, king of the body. SktfB";:lflR L Vitextrifolia. 2 adj of Sambhal. "SU1::LYo sabhresa."-kalki. See custodian. ~2. R~ [sabhal] See J~. 2 Ski ~i a famous Ff~ [sabhavna] Skt n accurate thinking. 2 guess, estimate. 3 honour, respect. city of Muradabad tehsil in U.P., vvhich has a "sabhavna karat hE daras kE."-GPS. population of 39,715. It is 23 miles to the 4 possible. 5 a figure of speech denoting a south-west of Muradabad. Accordimg to the
rn-
mlJr7lT
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condition or possibility. Example: nanak hukmE je bujhE, ta haumE kahE na kol.

-jdPU.
H~ [sabh:l] self-existing; who does not require
je jug care arja hor dasuDi hOI, nava khaQa VICI jaDiE nalI calE sabhukoI, caga nau rakhaIkE jasu kiratI jagI leI, je tIsu nadarI na avai ta vat na pUChE keI.
-jdPU.
anyone else to bring him into being. "akal muratI ajuni sabh:l man SImrat thaQha thiva jiu."-majh m 5. R!!H [sabhram] Skt n an error. 2 a doubt. uncel1ainty.3 a circle, turn. 4 anxiety. 5 See
~.
mm [samas]
HH [sam] See Fhr. 2 dream, sleep. See Fffi-r.

See ffiffi.
sIkta mahI te yatan kar tel ju nIksavE, kamath pith par bhat kIh bahu bal jamavE, SIr par rasabh sase ke ugvaI bIkhana, t:l dUf?tan ke rIde mahI gun kar-lu mahana.
~GPS.
~ [samak] See FlI-!'JI'C\.
HH<!' [samaD] See ffi.rcr>. Rl-f3' [samat] SkI adj honoured. 2 agreed.
consented. "yah sabh samat mero hoi."~NP 3 Indian calendar era, year, annum. In this book, Sammat is used for Bikrami year. See ~ and 8m. HHfo [samatI], ffi.r3t [samati] Skt ~ n an opinion. 2 desire. RHO [sam;:m] M usan' s father, res ident of Shahbajpur, who was a staunch disciple of Guru Arjan Dev. He did not waver in accepting God's will. When Kapur Deo asked who was a genuine Sikh, the Guru named Samano His name appears in caubolas also. "saman jau IS prem ki dam kIhu hoti sat." -cdubole m 5. "saman hE sahbajpure ko." -GPS. 2 adj eight. 3 See ffi.rcr> "Oi1. H}fO' ~m:r [saman buraj] A (;,;. an octagonal tower. See ff1-(7) 2. "thryo buraj saman ki bari."-GPS. R~ [samal] n care, vigilance. 2 memory, attention. FfHw [s~mla] See RJ-fW. "sahIt samle SIr par cira."-GPS. 2 let me remember. "sahI sahI tujhu samla."-sri m 1. Fil-rfu [samaII] carefully. 2 after remembering. "hau samalI thaki ji oh kade na bolE kaura." -suhi chJt m 5. '} am tired of recollecting, 1 do not remember a single instance when he did speak bitterly.' 3 See R1jf'c?
j:l mardane ke sadrIf? gayan janat kOI, t:l sabh ko pahan hrIday let mom kar sol. ~ [sabhavIt] Skt adjrevered. 2 honoured, respected. 3 famous, eminent. 4 known through presumption. ~ [sabhavy] Skt adj possible. ~ [sabhu] Skt~ n Sktff (welfare, salvation) ~ (existence); whose existence is for others' welfare/salvation; the Creator. 2 Brahma. 3 Vishnu. 4 Shiv. 5 mercury. Satguru in Sikhism. ~ [sabhusut], H~3(')Gl [sabhutanay] Shiv's son, Ganesh and Kartikey. R~f:rUfT [sabhutrIya] Shiv's wife Parvati. 2 Sati. H~f~lJIl fu3' [sabhutrIya PIt]-sdnama. Daksh, father of Shiv's wife Sati. 2 Himalayas. ~~ [sabhuputr] See ~. ~ [sabhu] See ~. 2 self existing one; not brought into being by anyone else; who is born by himself; the Creator. "sarab jotI nIrajan sabhu."-guj d m 1. R~ [sabhut] Skt adjwas produced, born. "tIS atam te nabh sabhut."-GPs. ~ [sabhutI] Skt n genesis, birth. 2 growth, increase. 3 glory, wealth.
J'
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Ffw [sarna] Dogar, a resident of Suniar village
HJ;f [samu] See ZT13TfT ~ -R1j eft. in Malwa, who brought milk for Guru Gobind Jf1jrn- [samhalr] adv carefully, attentively.
"samhaii buk bhari."-s f2rid. H1j'funrr [samhlra] adj preserved, seized, occupied. "samhiia sacu thanu."-sulli cll,;'jt 111 5. Jf~ [samyak] Ski ff1=1TCfl ad; charming, beautiful. 2 merged. 3 reality, right. ffifer [samrath], Rtf' [samrathu], ~ [samrrth] See RHO',,!'. "karhr kahal).ia samrath kat kiah."-sri 111 1. "Esa samrathu harr jiu apr." -ram 111 5. "samrrth purakh apar."-sdva m 5. lfur3- [sayat] Skt adjproperly tied. 2 committed to religious rules. 3 who has controlled his mind and senses; moderate. JftiIH [sayam] See Rt=!H. Jftill--l'Ol [sayamni] .Skt n abode of Dharamraj; a place where a person is strictly accountable. ~ trf3' [sayamni pdtr] the god of justice.
See~.
Singh when he arrived there. ~(!T [samaUIia], Ff~fT [samara] See FfHT"!(!T- ~ . "samar puran purakh, karte."--v2Q cll,;'jt m 5. RJf'?l [samanl, Hwfc') [samanr] See HH1(). "bEri mit hoe saman."--bllu m 5. "teri dubrdha drrsatr samanra."-maru jE'dev. 2 Skt ~ respect. See FI?)}{'l7'i. ~ [samanra] See Rw;'). 2 See ]qT}fT(')'JfT. ~ [samam:] R'/'Hr?;-. 'considers equal.' See ~ ~.' 2 ~ honours, respects. ~ [samaran] v to preserve., maintain. 2 to remember, miss. "'jru ban:k mata samare." -majl? m 5. "age te na samara."-sul?i k2bir. JfWf) [sarna I] See 1~. ~ [samaI2n] preserving, maintaining. 2 remembering. "guru duane ho:[kE sahrb samalehu."-var bIlla In 3. "dukh bhi samalror."-var sulli m 2. "sevan sai apl).a rlIt uthr samalanr."-\ar sulli m 3. ~o [samalen] take care of:, recite. "je nrt uthr samalen."-var g2U 1 m 4. Fffi.r [samr] SeeRt-f. 2 adjafter sleeping. "carr gavara samr."-s f2rid. lffi.Il?fT [samra] Skt IDfJIT. n base, support. 2 a kind of a T-shaped support on which sadhus rest their arms. "sagli jot]: hama:ri samra."
-asa m 1.
JfHt [sami] is known as Samir now, and is five

koh from Bhatinda. Bhai Santokh Singh has stated that Guru Gobind Singh stayed here after leaving Bhatinda. "uL~gh path ketak jab ae, qera sami gram supae."-GPS Now there is a gurdwara at this place. The Guru arrived at Damdama after leaving Sammi. Fl1:fcf [samukh] Ski adv face to face, in front of, facing. ~ [samulphar] See R1::itr'.
adj in the company of. alongwith. 2 related, attached. Jf'lE3' [sayut] See F!tr3'. Jf~3T [sayuta] a metre also named aruha and prrya. Its characteristics are four lines, each line comprising 115, 151, 151, S. Example: pun beli raj mahef;> bhyo, jrn qaq kahun te layo, jry bhat bhat sukhi nara, atr garb so chutkyo dhara.-ben. See sm ~H tT b. Ffitcrr [sayog] See -H-ftaT. Jf-Gioft [say 0 gi] See F\"'Roft. rfilH?l [sayojan] Skr n the act of connecting properly. 2 a yoke; yoking of an ox, a horse etc. with a plough or a cart etc. ~ [salagan] Skr ~. adj attached, joined. "salagan sabh sukh chatr."-maru am 5.
Jfm.ft [saymi] See Fft:n-ft. ~CB [sayukat] Skr HL!Jc;r
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FiIDo [savahan] SkI n the act of driving properly.

2 goading. 3 a passenger. 4 a ship. Ff~ [savatl, ~ [savatsar] SkI ~-~ a year, annum, year of the Christian era, twelve months. (a) See ~ RO. (b) See "F.I"CX~. See R'fM<;!i<J(,J. (c) See fu::raT RO. See ~. (d) See ?OR. (e) See ~IT~. See~. RWuo [savahan] See ffiru?i. ~ [savad] See ~. ~ [savadi] See~. 2 according to music a note, which supports a 'rag', meaning thereby the note that supports 'vadi' concordant note in clarifying the nature of a 'rag', like nkhabh in bhErav is savadi. See
~Q.
11 knowledge, knowing, understanding accurately. Ff'?-e-o [s<'ivedan] SkI 11 the act of knowing accurately. 2 revelation. Hrn [s<'ivedy] See ~. ~ [savyanl, ~ [s<'ivyana] SkI WIrR 11 a garment to cover the body; a sheet of cloth. "tan savyan sarir ke upar. "-NP "s;Jvyana sOdar sajE."-NP ~ [savrat] Dg Varun, the god of water. Fit!" [skad] See 'RCk. 'lftl [sk<'idh] See 'RCh:r. Jll:fl? [skhal] See Rlffi7i. [stan] See fR37) 1. [stay] SkI 11 praise, admiration. See rg. 1JWl [stv;m] See ~ . ~ [stavak] SkI admirer. See rg. ~ [stu] SkI vr to praise, worship, serve. Words like ~ ~::r etc. are derived from this root. JIB [stutI] See ~. ~ ~ f?f-e" [StutI vayaj nfda] See ~
'!fern
[stup] SkI n a post, pillar, pole. lJo [sten] SkncfFl VI' to steal, pilfer. lIliT [stey] SkI 11 a theft, steal ing. See ifo. lIm [steyi] SkI ~,a thief, burglar. [stmy] SkI 11 a theft, burglary. [stotr] See ~. 1fer [stabh] See ~. [st<'ibhan] SkI 11 to stop, halt, stay. 2 a hindrance, barrier. 3 to petrify. 4 a kind of sexual passion. ~ [stri] SkI ~ vr to spread, to cover. 2 See
llo:n 1::r
fuFErl
~ [strijatI] four facets of women according
Ff'?t!" [s<'ived] SkI
fi'5't!T.
~to Kam Shastar. See orcft. [strijIt] See ~ ft:B. ~ [stridhan] SkI n a dowry or cash, ~rnaments and garments etc. received by a girl at the time of marriage, or those assets which are particularly given by her father and husband etc. See ~ 00. ~ [strivrat] SkI n sexual fidel ity to one's wife as a principle of life. "Plr [stha] SkI adj situate, stable, steady; suffixed to words, as in ~, fa.ruFEr, J-ITOOTFEr. F50T [sthag] SkI ,,~ vr to cover, shelter, tire, stay. See~. F!ffi' [sthall See ~. ~ [sthavIr] SkI adj fixed, established. 2 aged. 3 11 Brahma, Chaturanan. FEr' [stha] SkI vr to stay, stand still, stop, climb, near. ~ [sthai] See ~. ~ [sthaDu], ~ [sthaDu] SkI ~~lTDJ adj eternal. 2 11 Shiv, the everlasting. 3 immovable Braham. 4 a tree without branches; unhewn tree trunk. FEfTO [sthan] See nrRtfT?). "durgam sthan sugma."-sahas m 5. PEI'(')ftlii [sthanCItr] See fB::r tT lor (b). FEfTol" [sthani] SkI ~m8'l, adj domicle.
JjffiB
nmqro-
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2 resident. [sthapdk] Skt adj who gives shelter, or establishes, or founder. FEI1tfO [sthapdn] Skt 11 installation, giving shdter, establishing, adopting. F'EPlift [sthayi] Skt "t'6Trftr"'1, adj permanent, established. See FErr. ~ [sthayibhav] See J1fHE~ ~r~' and ~
~.
FS"tfC{
FEfI'l?
[sthal] See
C!'rc;).
'fl'aT1ift [sthali] See arffi.
P'EPm ~ 0JfTtiT [sthali taQul ndyay] See 7iJlTGr.

~
[sthavdr] See
~r.
fi:rtro [sthIt] See J1mfs:3" and frnfu:3". t'Pclfu' [stln tI] See !Rfi::rf3" and "fuFrt'ErB. fi:rl:Rr [sthIr] See y.>f11fucr and f~J.
~ [sthIrta] Skt 11 permanence, stability,
immovability. Flfl? [sthul] See ~. ~ [sthaQdl] See EST. "If [sna] vr to bathe, take a bath, to be pure. 1fO [snan] See fuf'J7iT7). ~ [snayu] Skt 11 a muscle, vein. [smh] Skt ft-l~ vr to love, befriend, be sweet. See ~. fi;fam" [sm gddh] See Fffo(J1!r. ~l:fT [snukha] Skn'J:'IT 11 daughter-in-Iaw, son's -wife.
ftru
~c::r [sneh] See~. "dhng sneha banIta bIlas
5. "Fl7J<:IT. ~ [spdrdh] Skt <~ vr to E:nvy; to be jealous. Ftl'-e- [spad] Skt tLf~ vr to jump, shiver, go. fl:rt:p:r [spn:?] Skt <~ vr to touch, contact. fP1{u [spnh] Skt \~ vr to desire, wish, ~ [Sphdtrk] See ~r. JJGIij' [sphar] a golden bubble. 2 bloom, growth. 3 adj broad. ~ [sphut] Skt~z, vr to bloom, trim, to stop or cut. 2 adj blooming. 3 evident, visible.
111
sutdh."-s.::>h.::>s
~tit [snehi] See
[sphur] Skt ~ vr to move. go, spread, swell. ~ [sphUrdl).] See ~. FHtif [smdY] Skt 11 pride. 2 surprise, wonder. F1-N [smdr] See FrJ-Rf 2. PJ.RR" [smdrdl).] See ft::n..Rrc;. 2 a figure of speech, in which one is reminded of a known thing while seeing another thing resembling it: Example: sri nandk ddrbar me sun mdrdana tan, sabh devan samaral). klYO haha huhu gan. cakh cSdhak capla camak pavds samay nlhar, yadai da:?me:? ki tejpOj tarvar. l'l-RJT'fu [smara n] See Fl1-f"a"Tfu. Fl-RI3" [smarat] See RJ-IT03". fFl;f [smn] Skt ~[ vr to remem bel'; to be alert; to obey. fF1:['3" [smnt] Skt B!\'f adj memorized. 2 11 recollected. 'FP1:rfu" [sron t I] See fRf'i.Ifo, ~ [syamatdk] a very bright jewel, which was given by the Sun to Satrajit Yadav. This jewel produces eight weights I of gold everyday, driving away fear of theft, fire, famine. Satrajit gave this jewel to his brother Presan, fearing that Krishan might snatch it from him. One day Prasen was killed by a lion when he went out for hunting. Jambvan killed the Iion and got back the jewel. Krishan won the jewel after fighting with Janbvan and gave it to Satrajit again. When Satrajit was asleep, Shatdhanva killed him and took away the jewel. When Krishan and Balram chased him to take back the jewel, Shatdhanva, after giving the jewel to Akrur, ran ahead of Krishan. Krishan captured and killed Shatdhanva but could not get the jewel. When Krishan returned without the jewel, Balram suspected that Krishan had concealed the
'one bhar is of eight thousand tal as.
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jewel from him and left his home infuriated. deer who grazed on this, his master; the lion When the jewel was recovered from Akrur. -sananla. Krishan. Balram and Satyabhama disputed its FfJITl-f ~ fiB [syam trIya pIt] Suraj, father ownership. Finally, it was decided that it should of Krishan's wife Yamuna-sanama. be retained by Akrur. RJj1}f tTA" [syam das] a Vadhan sub-caste deyotee "rtI suraj seva kari satrajlt balvan. of Guru Hargobind resident of Burhanpur, and ravI tIh ko tab manI dai ujjal ap saman." a philanthropist and warrior.. -krIsall. FfJITl-f ~ [syam ballbha] Yamuna, beloved FlJi'iJ [syah] See fl::rfrtr. of Syam (Krishan). AJl i tld1a [syahgo~] See ~ . FfJITl-f ~ ~ [syam ballbha is] God Varun, FJJI1'iJ11F.1" [syahpo~] P D!:-- adjwho is dressed master of Krishan's beloved wife Yamuna in black. 2 n a nihang Singh. 3 a fakir dressed -sanama. in black. 4 a constable. FfJITl-f ~ ~ ~ [syam ballbha is astr] 11 AJl13" [syat] Skt ~ Skt part perhaps. 2 v may missile of Val'un, a noose.-sanama. F!'JI"T}-f1? [syamal] See ~. be. FfJITl-f [syam] Skt'flWf adjblue, black. 2 n a black RJfTHT [syama] See J11irTHT 2. 2 pandit of material. In their compositions the poets treat Sultanpur, who came to Guru Nanak Dey. the following as '~yam' - defamation, iron, Obeying the order of Mul Chand (father-insnake, collyrium, conflict, kalyug or age of law of Guru Nanak Dey) he told the Guru darkness, blot, lust, goddess Kali, mud, hair, about the demerits of renouncing home at the time of his resignation from Modikhana. thief, darkness, crocodile, sin, cuckoo, moth, buffalo, wine, musk, demon, night and bear. FIJITij' [ syar] See f'J:rrn. 3 Krishan is so named because of his black 'AJl'dT [syara] cold weather, winter season. "bIn syare sital bhae. "-cantr 175. colour. 4 Many people are of the opinion that 'syam' is the pen-name of Guru Gobind Singh, 'R'JI'T"a1 [syari] Skt ftf"QlT"ffi. a female jackal. "jara nIsa mahI khasi syari."-NP 2 the name of while others believe that 'syam' was a poet. equivalent to [I] short vowel ft::rn.rrm [f) of the "jo brIjnayak ko ruCI s6 kaVI syam bhanE Gunnukhi script, See ft::rn.rrm. phun jap japE h."-knsan. 5 Skt BW1 v we "f!JfT1? [syal] cold weather, winter season. 2 a should be. FfJITl-fmrn' [syam sabal] Skt'flWf ~ adjdappled, jackal. 3 See RTW. black and brown. 2 11 two dogs of Yamraj by m-o [syen] Skt ~ 11 kind of a hawk. 2 See ~ t!T~ 16. Sarma. Their colour is black and brown. FfJITl-f fi:fur [syam sIgh] See 1JOR}h;). 2 a keeper ~ [syEh] consume/take, will consume/take. of precious articles and officer incharge of "je nar salrgram kahf sayrhr."-carItr 266. the armoury of Guru Gobind Singh. See l?iZ'Cft. 11"it: [sy;'id] SktBFctyrto go, drip, fall, irrigate, goad, go fast. FfJITl-f~ [syam trIya] Krishan's wife Yamuna -sanama. 2 Rukmini and other queens of RiB?> [syadan] Skt adj who walks. 2 11 water. 3 a chariot. "sy;'idan tur;'ig jor sO dar banar Krishan. r;'ig."-GPs. 4 a tree, also named tlnI~. "ut FfJITl-f fr" RT tra' 7)TEf [syam trIya ja car nath] k;'i\ak sy;'idan sahlkar."-GPs. L Dalbergia Krishan's wife Yamuna, grass born from her,
J?
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1['3'
Ougeinensis.
mf~ [syadri] See
Ft-a'gl "drupdd suta hVE
syadri nnpdtI nan GhIg jaI."-NP

~ [srdUl)] See ~~ and JI'~. lj~ [srdUI;dt] See
JIC3.
JIo. "SIdun p;m kali
lj~~ [srdul)dtbfdu] See JIarn~r. lj~o [srclUn] Skt See
karyo."-cJ(ii 1.
1jOf [srdk] n a string of beads, necklace.
1JfaJc;9'
~
[srdgvIl)i] See ~,
lfR [srdj] Skt n a strlll1g of beads. 2 See fJ:itr.

[srdl)Vdt bij] the scribe has used th is word for 1j'i"<!381ti at many places in Chandi di Var. See JI~'. F,j'tlr [:;;rdddha] n Skt s;;r~T VI' 113'. n faith, determination, trust. 2 According to the Nirukt, this word implies the adoption of truth
(~).
[:;;rdddha1u] Skt adj "Tho has faith 111 someone, honest. lfihii [:;;rdddhey] Skt adj trustworthy. ~ [srdpni] See "FlC1..f<'l1. "srdpdni jiti kaha kdrE jdmra."-asa kabir. illusion. lFf [srdb] See ROa'. "srab sukha maTI]: vuthe." -sri chat m 5. l1IDflif [srdbmdY] See mrm-l1if. "mathura ke prClbhu srClbmClY ClrjCln guru.''-savEye m j ke. lJH [srClm] Skt ~ VI' to get weary, put in effort, undergo penance. 2 n fatigue, weariness. "srdm thaka pae bIsrama."-maru m 5. 3 a regret. 4 an effort, attempt. "mala karcm sram CltI kClrE."-Sar namdev. "srdm kClrte ddm aGh kdu."-bIla m 5. 5 also used in place of RJ-f. "kdho su srdm ka 56 kdhi~, ddm ko kdha: kdhat?"-akal. 6 See lJ1j. 7 See ~ 5. "10Cdn srdm-hI budh I bal na thi. "-~sri be~1i 'Water trickles from the eyes'. 8 SktHFH comfort, bliss. "raja srdm mltI nahi jani teri."-sar kabir. ~ [srdmsikdr!, ~ [sramkclJ:tl, JIH'i'!Cl [srdmjd1J, J'p-rf8'is [srdm bf du J, lj}l"i"'fG"
[srdmVarI] n beads of sweat, drops of perspiration. "srdmsikdr mukhchae."-saloh. ~ [srdmardt] Skt ~ adjsick of weariness, fatigued. JIfH3" [:;;rdmlt] adjexhausted due to hard work; weary. ljHT [srClmi] ~,adj fatigued. 2 upset. 3 hard working. llli [:;;rdmu] See lJH. 2 P ( ; shyness, modesty. "manukh kau jacdt srdmu paiE."-dhana m 5. If'i' " [:;;rdv] Skt an ear. 2 fame, repute. ~ [srdvdl)] Skt ~ n an ear. "SrdVdl) soe SUI;I nfd."-gaum 5.2 to hear. 3 Bhai Sravan, grandson of Baba Buddha Ji. 4 "Sindhu", son of Andhak the hermit, killed in the dark by king Dashrath who thought him to be a wild animal. "tIS ko putr nam kdhf srdVdl). srdVdl) sunyo jdS jlh Sdm SrdV2Jl)."-GPs. 'Srawan, son of Bhai Bhane, whose eulogy was heard I ike Srawan the seer.' 5 <;[CIlJT trickle, drip. ~ JI3' [srClVCll) srot] ear, the source of hearing. 2 word, the subject of hearing. See JI3' 4. t;['i"<!381H [srClVl)Cltbij] See JI~. "sma sdbh saghari srdvl)atbij di."-cJ(ii 3. ~ ~ [srdVCll) ddr:;;dn] See tGEO. ~ [srClvl)a] n a teat, breast; that from which milk trickles. "brn Srdvl)a khir pr1ara." -basJt kabir. See Rfu 1::fR}f. ~ [srClvdn] See ~. 1J~ [srdvndp] adjwho absorbs through ears. 2 absorbing through the ears. i.e. listening to a holy discourse through the ears. "Srdvl)dp br-hI Clgat, Clnad."-NP 'absorb eternal bliss through the ears.' ~ [srClvnu] See~. "nEnu nClk~u SrClVl)u." -maru kabir. 2 :;;rdvl)edny, who lives in the earscoffer. See crr-I.')c(. lj~ [srClvnatClr] inside the ear, in the ear. 2 after listening. F.fTo [:;;rat] Skt adj tired. 2 whose mind is at
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peace. 3 rest. relaxation. Jjrq [$raddh] See FRJTtr. JITtf [srap], "IJ"TG [sraph] See FRfP-.[ and "Fl"O'G. JI~ [sravakl, ~ lsravag] SkI ~ adj who listens; hearer. 2 n a follower of Jainism; a Jaini. 3 a follower of Buddha; a Buddhist. The difference between the two is that the preachers of Jainism and Buddhism are called yati and devotees who listen to their utterances are termed $ravak. "sravag suddh samuh sIdhan ke."-akal. JI~Ff [sravges] 1J~-ilF.r Jin and Buddha. Lord of Shravaks. "sravges ko rup dhar dEt kupath sabh q.ar."-arh:'Jt. ~ [sraval).] See ~. ~ [sravI.li] See ~. ft:r [SrI] SkI ~ vr to go, creep, spread. fi:.rnr [srIa] See fljH. "srIa jaeeh gadharab.' -akal. 'created jaeeh gadharav.' ftrRc [SrI sat] See fljRfc. 2 Skt ~ adj created, made. 3 sublime, superb. "kavan srIsat ko bhrIsat hE."-CJkal. fljActl11j [srIsatear] SkI rH~'tlllj n conduct of noble persons. "srIsatear bICar jete."-akal. 2 universal moral values, worldly dealings or behaviour. fJIRct" [srIsta] SklFJ!f adjthe Maker. the Creator. "srIsta kare su nIheau hOI."-oakar. fi:p:tfc [srrsatI], fl;p:lit [SrIsti] Sk/~ n creation. 2 universe, world. "SrISa\I sabh Ik baran hoi."-dhCJna m 1. "jIS ki srIsatI su karI).Eharu." -sukhmCJni. n:rAilti' [srIsatija] ~-tl;:r;r respected by the people; worshipped by the world; one who is held high in the universe. "dehu dan srIstija he."-maru solhe m 5. 2 creatures born in the world; human beings. TI:rF!ZJ:r [srIstes] God of the wOI:ld. lord of the
lff3" [$ratI] Skt n hard work. 2 fatigue, tiredness. ftrfl}
world. the Creator. 2 the sword-sCJnama. [SrIstI] SkI ~fGc n creation. 2 world. ullIverse. ~ tft ~3T [SrIS<=JtI di utpatti], rljr~di3(')i [srrs\IrdCma] According to Shatpath Brahman. the earth and the sky were created on the utterance of "bhu h :" and "bhuv h :" respectively by Prajapati. According to Tetiriay Brahman, Prajapati went through penances to fulfil the desire of revealing himself, and his breath gained power. With his breath he created demons. then paternal ancestors, after that he thought for a while, and created human beings. When he was creating human beings. the day dawned, then he created gods. There is a description of the creation of human beings and the animals in Shatpath Brahman like this: In the beginning there was only Prajapati. After producing food grains he tried to manifest himself in them. He made animals from his vital air. people from his soul, horses from his eyes, oxen from his breath, buffaloes from his ears and goats from his voice. At another place in the same Brahman. it is written that God was alone. He was unhappy for this reason. So he desired for the Other and divided Himself into two parts; one became man and the other wife. The wife was intrigued as to how He could copulate with her after creating her from Himself! She thought of disappearing, and turned into a cow and the husband became a bull, then cows came into being. In this way she became a mare and he a horse, she the jennet and he a donkey, she the goat and he the male goat, she the doe and he the deer. So all even animals like ants came into existence. It is also written in this Brahman that Prajapati
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brought into being gods from his upper breath and human beings from lower breath. They go about in the cycle of birth and death. Manu has written that with a desire to create creatures from his own body, Prajapati first created water and then threw a seed in it. This seed became a golden egg shining like the sun. From this he himself emerged as Brahma, the lord of the whole universe. After remaining for a year in the egg, Brahma automatically got divided into t\\lO parts, from which grew geologiical and celestial regions and his own body became half male and half female, resulting in the creation of the world. Several Hindu scholars have calculated that in 1928 AD one billion, ninety six crore, eight lacs, fifty three thousand and twenty-eight years will have passed since the creation of the world.' In the Bible, the scripture of the Jews and the Christians, which the Quran also regards as sacred, the creation of the worl d is th us described: In the beginning the spirit of God was moving over water. He said, "Let there be light", and light appeared. Then on the first day God separated light from darkness, and He named the 'day' light and the 'night' darkness. On the second day, the .sky' was created, on the third day different kinds of plants were produced, on the foul1h day the sun, moon and stars were created, on the j~fth day the creatures that live in water and birds were created, on the sixth day animals, large and small insects and the male and the female were created. On the seventh day after
'Christians have not lagged behind in calculating the day of creation. They have written that the world \\as created 4004 years BC on 23'" October. Sec 'A Warfare of
S~ienee hi~;tory
of the
with Theolog) in Christendom by
A.D. White VLL P.9.
completing His whole work Ciod took rest. Therefore, Saturday was considered the day of rest (Sabbath) See Genesis Ch 1 and 2. The same idea is upheld in the Quran: "as1 aka:;; ate pnthIvi nu sabh vastua sahIt chi dIna vice b;~J1~a dItta ar thakeva sa"ie nere nah1 aIa."-surat kaph, ayat 38. According to Islam all creatures are of three kinds: (a) 'lngels are created from the light of God. (b) devils and ghosts etc. emerged only from fire. (c) human beings were made from the soil. About the creation of the un iverse, there is reference in Gurmat: "ja karta SIrthi kau sajE, apE jaDE soi."-japu. "tumra lakha na jaI pasara. kIh bId1u sdja pntham s2lsara."-c.Jpai. ft:rq- [snk] Skr'ff' 17 a lotus flower. 2 blue lotus, blue water-lily. 3 an arrow. 4 the wind. 5 a garland. 6 Skt~. corners of the lips. fFfqr [srfka] See "FSCX. ftfl:ffi" [srfkhal], TIICfW [srfkhla] Skt ~ ~ 17 a chain; fetters. "sri guru cardnsaroj ki raj srfkha1 sam paL man gay2llfko rok kar kah6 katha gatIdaI."-NP. 2 See ~. ft:rar [sng] Skt'rT n a slingshot. 2 a garland. Sec and 1Jii. "mng dng sng griva var dhari."-GPS. 'with eyes like those ofa deer and wearing a beautiful garland around the neck' . mar [srfg] See f'Ror. "Ese srfg sumeru ke sobhat c2I"iI prac2lQ."-c.J(1l1. ftf(Jf}-f;ft [srfgmari] Skt ~ 1=fO The main centre of Shankaracharya on the southern bank ofTungbhadar river, where monks and sages Iive. See J:faG and TIIlffift. "pahIre pat jya munI srfgmari ke."-knsan. 'Clothes soaked with blood look like the yellow-robed hermit of Sringamari.'
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3 vvealth. magnificence. 4 first of the six rags. the left bank of river Ganga on the border of See fffift CJ'cIT. 5 a sect of Vaishnavites who district Partapgarh in the Kaushai region in worship mainly goddess Lachhmi. The U. P., now known as S ingaura. Here used to followers of th is sect wear a red mark on their live a Bhil named Guhak (Guh), and the king foreheads. Swami Ramanuj was the supreme of Nisads clan who was a friend of Ram preacher of th is sect. Sce QT1-lTQR. 6 a metre. Chandar. Ram ChandaI' crossed river Ganga See For &"aT tr ~l.f 1. 7 goddess Sarswati. with his help during his exile. 2 ginger, parts 8 fame. 9 honorific word used in speech and of which look like horns. writing to show respect and regard. This word fiforo [srf gar] See fJ:faTrcr. should be Llsed 108 times for a religious ft:rCJl1<? [sfIgal] SkI ~ 11 a jackal. P Jt;::. E teacher (Acharya) and Maharaja (king), six jackal. 2 another name of Paundrak Vasudev, times for parcnts and teacher, five times for who sent a message to Krishan to desist il'om onc's master, four times for the encmy. three calling himselfVasudev as he himselfwas the times for thc fl'iend, twice for the scrvant, once real Vasudcv. "dut srIgal pd\hyo hdfI ko for one's son and wife. 10 adj beautiful. kdln, h5 hdrI he), tuln kyo sddvayo?" 11 capable, able. 12 best, superlative. -krIson. JIW [sria] This word is occasionally used in ft:rR [srIgali] a female jackal. place ofTjT. fiffur [srfgI]. ftjoft [srfgi] ,,)kl 'QsJl1;'taclj horned. 1:flFr [sris] J]'t-~. husband of goddess Lachhm i, Lord Vishnu. 2 the rich: the wcalthy. 3 a having horns. 217 a mountain with high peaks. sword. "sris sotrudrI. "--sanama. 3 a tree. 4 an elephant. 5 sage Sringi. 6 a lIT Rfi:r [sri S2SI] Baba Sri Chand. musical instrument made of horn. 7 Shiv. lIT FfFc') [:;;ri sadon] abode of :;;ri (Lacchmi): a fifoft fu<ft [srf gi fIkhi] See fRoft fucft. fifcIToT [srfgeri] Dfar-foRft. a hill situated in the lotus; a whitc lotus. "sri ko sad an coho bod<:ln ko jan hE."-NP 'vehicle of Lord Brahama, Mysore state, where sage Sringi was born. His who has lotus and four faces (vehicle-swan).' father Vibhandak had med itated at th is place. lIT wfu<r [$ri sahIb] a sword; Guru Gobind fif~HO [srfgeri math] the hermitage (founded) Sin g h g a vet his n a met 0 the's \V 0 I' d ' , established at Sringmari by Shankaracharya. considering it as the husband ofLachhmi. See See ~, fif~ and mjT~t.
~ fsrfgverl SkI ~m a town situated on
ft:rR
lSrIj] SkI ~ vr to give up, give birth, warn, gather, make. ft:rtrc';' [SrI jan] See f'J:rtr v to make, create. "sfIjat ratdn j<:lnam."-sahas m 5.
ffi'iTHT.
[SfII)], ~ [SrII).u] SkI D hear, listen. "SrII). SfII) larka !"--ramc1\f. '0 boy I listen'. fi:rf3" [SrItI] SkI ~ 11 departure. 2 way, path, track. ft:rLf [srrp] SkI ~ vr to go, movc, get aside. lIT [sri] SkI TjT 11 goddess Lachhm i. 2 glory. "sri sdtIgur su pr2san."-savcyc m ..f kc.
ft:r<f
lIT tf1;rt!Tllf [sri saproclay] See JiT 5 and art-rQR. lIm [$rihot] aclj one whose splendour and wealth have bcen ruined. lIT <rfuaTftft!1:[Q [sri harrgobfclpur] See lIT
~
011 CI t'l;fQ.
lJ'lq [srik] See FRJ'lq. "nrr srik hE. "-japu. 'Akal
(almighty) has no form and shape.' 2 SklTjTcx beauty, comcl iness. lIT ~ FfFc') [$ri ko svdan] white lotus in which Lachhmi resides. Sce lIT RtO. 2 house of
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splendour.
~ [srikhad] Skt ~~ 17 sandall wood. which
is a piece of splendour. "kath-hu srikhaQ satIguru kiau."-savt:ye m 4 ke. See fj::rcJ1:fit. lIT W2 ~ [:;;ri guru sIgh sabha] See fHur
rnur
FmT.
lIT mt1::fo [:;;ri gobfdpur] a town founded by

Guru Arjun Dev in Sammat 1644 on the northern bank of river Beas in tehsi I Batala, district Gurdaspur which came in the posession ofBhagwan Das C:iherar, through a conspiracy hatched by Chandu. 'Guru Pratap Suray' mentions that this town was founded by the sixth Guru but it is not so. There is a note on the leaves of the old Guru Granth Sahib i.e. Kaliarpur Bir that Shri Gobindpur was founded in Sammat 1644. Bhagwan Das strongly resisted the sixth Guru when he visited this place in Sammal 1687, and he and his friends had 1:0 pay for this in the battle at Shri Gobindpur. The ownership of this place is \vith the wea lthy Sod hi Sah ib of Kartarp u r Sri Gobindpur (or Hargobindpur) has two gurdwaras. One is 'Guru ke Mahar which the Guru built for his own residence and the other is Damdama Sahib which is half a mile to the west of the city. This is the place where the Guru held a Diwan (a royal court) after the battle. A fair is held on Vaisakhi and FIola. This town is located 21 miles to the south of Batala railway station. According to some writers its name is Shri Hargobindpur but Guru Atjun Dev had named it Sri Gobindpur. lIT th: WW [:;;ri cad baba] the elder son of Guru Nanak Dey \yho was born to Mata Sulakhni on the ninth day of the light half ofthe lunar month in Bhadon Sam mat 1551 at Sultanpur. He became a great saint and preacher of the
Udasi sect. He settled in village Barath, situated at a distance of 19 ko to the northeast of Dehra Nanak. Yogiraj Sri Chand did not many. To preach the religion of Guru Nanak Dev in the country and abroad, he took Baba Gurditta as his disciple and sent many Gursikhs in Udasi garb to various areas to spread the true message of the Divine. Baba Shri Chand passed avvay on 15 Assu Sammat 1669. He lived to the age of 118 years. See ~ and ft:mr JjT 1ft ;:iT tT. lIre [:;;rid], IJ'm [~ridIh] Kuber, the giver of Sri (Lachhmi); wealth. "sridIh sur sasi uQu atak."-NP tIm [:;;rIdhar] Skt ::fISTI ad) bearer of Sri (Lachhmi): a wealthy person. 2 n God, who is the lord of the whole creation. "sridhar pae maga1 gae."-sri chat m 5. See 1}RrB F.rn\!. 3 Vishnu. lIT 'i'i'CJ'lO [:;;ri nagar] I Skt JIii'i'iOTO the capital of Kashmir, 5276 feet above the sea level. In the city, there is a gurdwara of the sixth Guru in the house ofMai Bhag Bhari at Kathi Gate near Hari Parbat (mountain). Guru Nanak Dev also consecrated this city with his visit. See 'NanakPrakash Uttarardh' Ch 14. See~ w:rHta' and ~T. 2 a city situated at the bank of A1akhanda river in Pauri sub division of Garhwal State, which was the capital of Fatehshah in Guru Gobind Singh's time. The place in the city relating to Guru Nanak Dev is famous by the name of Charan Paduka. Guru Nanak Dev visited this city during his pilgrimage ofBadri Narayan. cfhc height of Sri nagar is 1706 feet above the sea leyel. In 1894 this city was
'Emperor i\shok had raised Srinagar in Kashmir which is three
mile~;
away Ii-om thc modern city of this name.
Now it is called' Panderi Thanu.'
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washed away due to a breach in the dam of who made goddess Lachhmi dance. "name sri Gohana lake. Novv it is the capital ofGarhwal. rag bhetal soi."--bhcr namdev. 2 Vishnu. "lflora" [srinathJ, 1}~ [sril1Ivas], 1}'"h..rf3" 3 a colony in the island of river Kaveri, situated [srip.=>tI] See lJ'lmr. 17 the A Imighty. "sri nIvas at a distance of two miles from Trichinopoly adI pur.=>khu s.=>da tuhi."-sdVl:-ye m -I ke. towards the north in district of Madras. The "br.=>ham mahesur bIsanu saci p.=>tI at ph.=>se temple of Shrirang is situated in this colony. j.=>m phasI p.=>rEge. je n.=>r sripatI ke prvs hE This temple has seven walls. the outer wall is pag te nar per n.=> deh dharEge."-.=>kal. 1024 yards long and 840 yards wide. The 2 Vishnu. 3 ad} the rich, the wealthy. jewellery and gems of this temple are more 1}T lJIDft [sri pacmi] According to the Hindu precious than of all the Hindu temples ofIndia. mythology, goddess Lachhmi is worshipped Because of this temple. the colony and the on this day (Magh Sudi 5) That is the reason island are known by the name of Srirang. its name is Sri Panchmi. Ramanuj, a great devotee of Srirang. died at F,(TGE [sri phCllJ SkI ad}whose fruit is beautiful. this place. 2 17 mimosaceous tree. 3 the tree of Aeglc ~ [srIragI] with Srirang (the Almighty). Marmelos and its fruit. 4 Many people also in God. "sriragI rate namI mate."-asa chat call Naliyer coconut tree by this name but m 5. this is not correct. See~. 1j1 ~ [sri ragu] See 1JT <Jor. ~ [sribClrdl)] SkI >;frquf ad} a person having a 1JW3rr [srivatas] SkI ~ 17 beautiful is his fair complexion. 2 a white-coloured horse, mark; Vishnu. There is a curl of white hair on the chest of Vishnu which in palmistry IS which is killed during the sacrif~ce ofashvmedh yag.According to the Purans, a white horse with regarded as a very important mark. black ears and yellow tail is required for this Some scribe has mistakenly vvritten Fit ~ instead of~. See ~. 1}~ [sribh.=>gvdti] See ~. JIbBt [srimati] feminine gender ofiJ'T 'WO. JjhfT() [sriman] SkI '>IT11FT. ad} graceful. 2 wealthy. 3 a person having a high post. 111 l:f1::flITCf [sri mukhbak], 11T l:f~ [sri mukhbaky], J}T l:f~ [sri mukhvak], J}T l:f~ [sri mukhvaky] sentences uttered from the lips of graceful persons. 2 divine words uttered by Guru Gobind Singh as "sdvaye sri mukhbaky mohla 5." and "ja pu sri mukhvak patsahi 10." l:J'b..f3' [srimatJ, 1JTq3' [sriyut] See J}Two. 1JT OTOT [sri rag] See fJ::Kft OTOT. IilJal [srirag] SkI ~ 17 the Almighty (KanaI')
sacrif~ce.l
1"c5dr Varal) SUkar0I) syalTI SUV;)ral.1 pucch S~)n)aIl.'--gv'-H1.
1Jm [srivar] See J]lLrf3'. 1J~ !srivaral)] See 1]T ~. 1J~ [srivas] See 1JT ~. 2 the white lotus
1I
1Jfu'
in which resides goddess Lachhmi. [swJ /)'kl 1;1, 1'1' to flO\v. drip. 2 SkI 9:1 vr to listen, go, drop. flow. Isrut] SkI ~3'. ndjhcard, listened. 2 known, ramous, reno\vned. 3 who has heard the sermon. 4 II ear. 5 attitude. See BQ3". "cubhi r.=>hi srut prabhu carnan mahI."-VN [:;;rutI] Skt 17 ear. 2 Veds, Veds are called :;;rutis because in olden times these were not vvritlen. They were learnt only by listening. "SrutI SImntI gun gavln karte."-suhi ch:it 111 5.3 listening. hearing. 4 a story. a saying. 5 a tale, rumour. 6 (in music) particular division ofthe octave. a qualier tone or interval (tweilty two or these are enumerated) their
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names are as follows: tivra. kumudvati. m~dra and ch~dOV2'ti are of saciaj: dayavati. r~jrni and raktlka are ofn:;;abh; r3dri and krodha are of gadhar: vjnka. praSan1)i, pritr and marini are of madhyam: :;;ntr. rakta. sadiprni and alaplni are of pacam: madati. rohIl)i and ramya are of dhE\Tat: ugra and k:;;obhIl)i are of nr:;;ad.
See~7.
6 superior.
J3.'~ [sreval)], lJ~0 [srevan] See m~. "harr
[srutyanupras] See l'lf<}"1.J'lT (c). [srutva] Skt~::p aner listenill1g, after hearing. "trn te srutva makkha1)Sah."--Crps. ~ [sruv], ~~ [SruVil] SkI ';Cf n a small handshaped spoon made up of Khair (acacia catechu) vvood or pipal (ficus religiosa) wood used for pouring clarified melted butter into the fire when a sacrifice is performed. See
~
~ VI'.
~l:fTJT
*""
[sruy] after listening. "pnthi c;kl ke yak -ko sruy vira."-GPS. 2 B~lif after listening carefully. ~ [sresatJ Skt If".!,); adj superior. 2 highly commendable. "granu sresCit utam I:manu." -sukllmoni. 3 n cow's milk. 4 Kuber. 5 a king. 6 Vishnu. 7 a hermit. 8 a scholar. <) Brahmin in Hindu faith. 10 Khatri according to law. J3.'~ [srestai] n superiority, excellence. 2 a lady of the khatri caste. See f[[}f "thllm. J3.'~ [sre$t] See JIFIZ Jl~ [sre:;;\acar] See 2 practice or conduct of the Vil1l.1ous people. ~ [sr(1)r], JIm [srel)i] Skt ~rfu' n a lime, row. 2 a written line. 3 a series. 4 a ladder. 5 a row of troops. [:;;rey] SkI ~ n benediction, blessedness. 2 liberation. salvation. 3 prosperity.. wealth. 4 adj auspicious. 5 beautifuL splendid.
f'BJrtllQ.
nam srevah."-var vac;l m 4. "jrnr harrnamu SlJl)ra manu bhina trn ham srevah nIt carl)e."-bllcr m 4. JI<!" [sr(1)] Skt a lame person. 2 a handicapped person. 3 cooked. 4 Skt sh011 form for~. "huo srol) hina. bhayo ag china."-c,'"jc;li 2. JI<!i1 fofu [srol)aj nrdhr] a red coloured sea; the Red Sea.-Sd.nama. JI8 [srol)at] SkI Bfa" blood. B'~ [sromtpat] See Jj'(!1..fT3". "ampat aru sr(1)atpata."-cdrItr 405. B'Bftft! [srcH)atbfd], Jj'Bf;f~ [srol)atbfdu], R~ [sronatbii] SkI Ii F~3rat:' = and Ii F~3alti a demon known by the name of Raktbij who was a min:lster of Shumbh and an army commander. His story is narrated in Markanday Puran. He fought against goddess Durga and wherever his blood fell, a new Raktbij was born. As Durga went on killing them, they were born in greater numbers. At last Kali drank his blood and killed the demons. "c2.c;li kali duhu mrl kino rhE VIcar. h3 han h3 tU son pi, arrdal c;larhi mar."-cac;li 1. "srol)at-bfdu ko sObh nrsObh kahyo tum ja hu maha dal lEkE." -c,'"j~1i 1. JI~ [srol)pat] :flowing of blood is of many types. Three types are important (a) flowing of blood through the mouth, ears and nose. (b) flowing of blood from the rectum, vagina and pen is. (c) flowing of blood through pores of the skin. Treatment should begin on the advice of a wise physician so that the patient gets relief from pain. Learned physicians have described main causes of sr(1)pat as follows - going about in scorching heat, doing exercise in excess,
"" J
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excessive indulgence in sex, excessive use of JIfr [srotn L J3'~ rsrol:ny L J3':IT rsrotri] Skt chillies. hot food and spices. drinking of F.f~ ad) who has I istened, who has heard a liquor, and eating acidic food. Due to these. lot. 2 /1 a pandit. a scholar. 3 one who has blood gets infected and starts simmering and learnt the Veds by heart; one who can recite develops these infections. and preach the Veds without the help of the The best medicine to cure this disease is: text. Take one tola each of coriander. emblic ~ [sr:m] See J3'<f and J3'B. 2 ear. "ghran sahasr myrobalan (aula) basa. munakka dakh (large aghraJ::\, asrJJ::\ Sd SfJIJ."--NP 'Thousands of sized dried grapes), and pIt papra. and crush nostrils. yet without nostril is He: without them to barley size. 1 Soak the mixture in water many ears yet He has ears.' overnight. and take the coarsely crushed stuff 1jB [SfJIJat] See J3'B. with lump sugar. 1f~ [sfJIJdtbfdL JI~ [srJJ::\atbfdu] See ~t!' [sroJ::\bfdJ. Bm~ [srOlJbfdu] See J3'~. "srJJ::\atbfd s6 ca"'1 pracaq su juddh karyo. "~c5(fi 1. J3'~~. "UtE kopIya srOlJbfda subira." -c{'!<.1,i 2. 1I3' [$rJt] Skt adj related to the Shrutis (Veds). JIC!a1dtl i d(')l [srOlJbirjard;mi] Durga, the 2 n deeds mentioned in the Veds. 3 related destroyer of Shonitbindu. "namo with ears; a word. srOtJbirjardani dhumrhati."-c.J(fi 2. "If?> ISrJn] blood. "bahI srJn samuh dharan JIit [$rOtJi] Skt /1 hip; haunches. 2 waist. pdryo hE."-c.'lc;fi j 2 See JI<f. 'iFr [srot] a current or fountain. See iJ l'r. "srot ~ l$lagha] See FfWUIT. sarIta samudr atam saman hE."-BGK. 2 Skt ~ [svaJ SkI /1 wealth. 2 one's own self, soul. F.f3' n ear. See 1[ vr "par nfda naln srot 3 ad) one's own. 4 Skt J;J 17 dog. sravalJa."-sdlldS m 5. "han ke nam bIn ~Fl"f3' [svasatI] See ~. "svasatI hot tIn ko sada."-NP "jas svasatI sukrIt krIta." dhrIg srot."-keda m 5. 3 Skt F.f3' ad) related to Shrutis (the Veds). 4 the subject of the ear, -gu) jEC.1CV. word; sound. "sravaJ::\ srot raje gurbalJi." ~Hr3rS'i!Hal [svasatIbIvastha] SkI ~ ~ /1 a tradition of welfare; way of salvation. -manl solhem 1. 'Ears were content listening "svasatIbIvastha hal' I ki seva."-clhJna m 5. to the sound ofGurbani.' ~H30 [svastm] SkI Flh-I1I1'l/1 blessings. which ~ [$rotvy] ad) audible, worth hearing. are the house of good fortune. "bIje: chadan 1J3r [srota] SkI ~ who is a listener. J33r ~ QJ<Y [srota de gUJ::\] 1 faithful. 2 humble. prabhu gav;)t svaste:n ucarat.'-sdloh "kalu ko svastc:n sunayo."-NP 3 loving. 4 generous. 5 capable of understanding the meaning. 6 active. 7 knowing ~mr [svas;:JthL ~FB' [sva:;;th] Skt ad) ~-FB'. being in one's natural state. 2 healthy. 3 sound the art of questioning. 8 soft-spoken. 9 who state. "sriI' svasth khilJ s;)mae."-saha5 m 5. has control over his senses. 10 knowing the context. 11 sans deceit. 12 fond of rendering lffJr [svasrI] See J.JW. service. 13 without hypocrisy and self praise. ~c&r [svakiy] Sec ~. ~ [svclkiya] SkI wife; wedded wife. 14 given to practising what he has heard. nIj pctI hi ke prem may jako mCln vue kClY. ICoarsely ground to the size ofa bark) grain: not Jlnel) kalnt svakiya taln ko lajja $il subhay. ground.
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kabItt sobhat svakiy gan gun ganti me. tah~i tere nam hi ki 12k rekha reklnyat hr. kahr "padmakar" F'agi yS p21trprem hi me padmaln to si tIya tu hi peklnyat hE. suvaran rup jEso tfSO sil sJrabh hE yahi te tIharo tan dhany lekh:cyat hE, sone me sugadh nahI g5dh me sunyo na sana sana J sugadh to mE dono dekluyat hE. --}agat vInod. JtOi3"" [sv3gat] Skt ad} available within one's own self. 2 II what goes on in one's o'wn mind. 3 See f3'?> ~. J;j"iii [svach] See Hiii, "svach marag hdrIbhagtaDah."~sahas m 5. ~Ifu [svachad] See ~. 7fiii [svacch] See Hi::;. ~t=lO [svajan] one's own kin, close relatives. 2 See Jjt=lO. "sabad sadhu svajanah. "--sCJhas
m5.
(under). a person who is not under other's contro!' llq [svatv] Skt II feeling of ownness, proprietary interest. l'ft (svad] SkI ~ vr to relish, be happy, to cover. Jf'H [svades] one's own country. l1~m [svadesi] ad) of one's own country. l1I:KIH [svadharam] one's own religion, one's own sect. 2 sense of duty. iiW [svadha] SkI part according to Hindu practice, this word is uttered while m~lking sacrificial fire/offerings to the forefathers. In Braham Vaivart Puran it is written that from Brahma's mind, two daughters Svl/adha and Swaha took birth. Swadha was offered to the forefathers and Svvaha to the gods Forefathers and gods were pleased to receive offerings made through them. See JfUT. lIfO [svan] Sk/~ vr to utter; mend; make noise
~3'9: [svat')tr] Skt ad} If (self)
3'9:
while eating. 2 n sound, voice. 3 SkI ~. a dog. ~ [svap] Skt~\ VI' to sleep, lie down. ~l.ltf [svapac] See Bl.ltf. JJ1..f0 [svapanl See 1JLI7l. l1~ [svapandar~an] See tQF.l7). Jt~ [svapanphal] In Hindu scriptures the auspicious and inauspicious results of dreams are fully described. See Valmik Ch 2 a 69 and Aitrey. Arnyak. Arnyak 3 Ch 2 Part 4 and Mastya Puran a 242. The results of dreams are acknowledged in the Bible too. See Daniel Ch 7. It is also found in the holy Quran. See Surat Yussouf, verse 36, 37, 102. However, Sikh faith does not recognize consequences of dreams. See 1]1-f7iT. Jt~ [svabhav] See ~. ~ [svabhavoktI] a figure of speech dealing with description of the exact nature of things. Its another name is jatI. Example: lauki athsathI tir3thI nai. kaurapcm tau na jai.-sor kabir, cadan lep hot deh kau sukh gardhabh bhasam sagitI .--dhana 111 5. manmukh man na bhIjai atI mde CIt kathor SdpE dudh piaiE adan visu nIkor.-suhi d
m3. ~ [svabhu] Skt adjself-born; born from one's own self; one who is not other's creation. See
~.
~li\' [svaya] SkI ~ part self. ~G\''i!r3C(' [svayadutIka] in poetics, the heroine
who does the job of a messenger (gobetween). Jtl:il'l;[C(1'F.f [svayapraka~] self-luminous; which does not get Iight from another source. ~"SQ [svayabar] Sk/~ n choice of husband by a princess in a public assembly of suitors. Sec FfT3T and tH1if3t ~ 1J'if"SQ. In India the last
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such function was held by Raja Jai Chand of Kanoj for his daughter Sanyukta. J;f"liaw [svay;')braj SkI t;ftr\'~ adj a damsel who herself chooses her husband. J;ftrI'~ [svay;')bhu] See M. 2 11 Brahma. J;fo [svar] SkI fCl\ part heaven. 2 superior, excellent. 3 11 breathing; inhaling and exhaling. 4 a sound in recitation.' seven primary note of musical scale which arc: :;iajaj, rI$abh, gadhar, madhyam, p~cam. dhvat and nI:;iad. Scholars of music, deities and rishis, have taken $ajaj from the crying of the peacock. rI$abh from the notes of a rainbird (some believe rI:;iabh to owe its origin to the bellowing of a cow), gadhal' from the bleating of sheep and goats, madhyam from the croaking ofa water fowl, p;')cam from a koel, dhvat from the croaking of a frog, and nI$ad from the trumpet of an elephant. 2 Notes on the musical scale, which rishis set up while formulating the science of music, were called pure notes. When high and low tones were needcd for some modes, they madc five VIkrIt svars (modified notes). Out of these five, four, that is, rI:;iabh, gadhar, dhvat, and l1I:;iad become komal (soft), while madhyam becomes tivr (sharp) after modification. In this way all notes grow from 12 svars (seven original and five modified) See orz. Some untrained persons believe that rIE,iabh, gadhar, dhvat and nI:;iad are tivr, madhyam is low and $adaj and p;')cam are acal
'In musicology. svar is defIned as one that is gloriolls in itself
2~ ~i ~
fJ11JTT"Fcr
T!1'iT 1itIflil1.. I I
~ 'l11fiSruT. I 3~ CJ, 1Wm<' ~.

I ~UffiTUTfUTl
n~"lit
~,I
WilT RlSlR ~~Tf'i[

I--sagit T2h2sya.
CfTi:l fT1cf;.
'li urR'! 0
(fixed) but this contention is wrong. In reality, al I these seven notes are called sudh (pure). According to these ignorant persons sadaj is fixed. rI::;abh is high, gadhar too is high, mudhyum is komal (soft). pacam is fixed. dhvat and l1I:;iad are high. According to great musicologists, these seven notes are $udh (pure) the remaining five modified notes are as explained above. There are 22 shrutis (microtonal intervals) of the seven notes. vv hic h we can say are the components of notes. Sec fJB. Somc ignorant people understand srutI as murchana but it is not correct, as it is related to the existence of a sequential and complete scale of seven primary notes in ascending and descending orders. SUI'S (notes) are divided into three sdptaks (groups of seven notes) so there are 21 murchanas i.e. the 21 notes are necessary for alap (a particular melody). In this book, to understand :;iudh, komal and bvr the foliowing hint will be helpful: sudh (pure)- ~a, ra. ga, rna, pa, dha, na. (ending with [aj) kumal (soft) - ra, gao dha, na. (ending with [a]) tlvr (sharp) - mi. (ending with [i]). While explaining modes ofgrahsvar, vadi, savadi, anuvadi and vIvadi words are used. So one mllst understand them properly. grahsvar is that svaf in which the alap concludes. vadi is that svar which animates a rag. savadi svar helps vadi svar to give shape to a rag. anuvadi svar helps vadi and savadi to mainfest the complete shape of a rag. vIvadi svar is that svar which destroys the shape ofa rag. That is why it is called a varjIt
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641
or :;;atru svar.' 5 a 'letter which prodLH;es sound by itself, which illuminates itself. ~r)~ E are vowels in Punjabi altJhabets. ~ [svarag] See ljoOT. "nac clurIabh<"l svaragrajcmah."~sahas m 5. Ij dal~ ial [svaragclvari] See 1:ra<~aT. "svaragdvaria tare banavahu."-GPs. IjdaJ~iH [svaragvas], ~ft [svarClgvasi] residence in heaven and the resident of heaven. 2 This word is used as a mark of rc;:spect for the people who are no more in this world (dead) even if their souls have gone to hell. Such religious ft:elings impel people to use words like Kailashvasi, Gurupurnivasi, Golokvasi and Vaikunth nivasi. ~ [svaral:1] SkI adj(a person) having a clear voice. 2 ~ n gold, whose colour is beautiful. 'lj'd<!H61r~ [svara~lsathivI] SkI 1J;;f(~FI~T n In 'Bhagvat Puran' there is a bird which spits out gold and keeps on saying "Do not be in a haste", but it itself enters the mouth of a lion when he is yawning and take:s away the flesh out oft!-}e lion's molars. "keval ka]lIni kahIt ho svaraDsathivI saman.'''-al,=ikar sagar sudha. 2 in Mahabharat, son of king Srinjay who used to excrete and urinate gold. Ij d<!O(id [svaraDkar] See 1JfuI/IT~r. ~ [svaraDdip] Sondip, a country siituated below Manipur towards the east of1the mouth of river Brahamputar. 'Ij'~ [svaraDmati] See03'i'JOllJT. 1fdO [svaran] See ~. ~1:ft [svaranp;',khi] n arrows with feathers luminous like gold. "chute sVClranp~khi." -kalki. 2 an arrow of Guru Gobind Singh
'hE utpadak rag ko rajak bhup saman vIrajat vadi. ath kI bar-hi ko phIr pher rahe srutI mac1a1 tJ samvadi. sevak so pun an sabhe anukul rahE sukh
SIS
which had gold as its sharp point. 'Ij'~ [svarbhanul See~. 'Ij''d'tf lsvaraj] self rule. See ~dffi ~l..ff'?iRt!;
~7cf~25.
anuvadi. atar
[svClrajy] independent dominion; one's own kingdom; a state without any outside interference. 'Ij'fo3' [svant] adj uttered, recited. 2 n a sound between high and low tone; medium tone. 'Ij' [svarup] See 'fWlf and ~l.f. 'Ij'~tft [svarupi] adj having one's own form. "jotISvarupi rahIO bhan. "-savye m .5 ke. 'He is watching the illumined self-form'. ~ [svaroday] See~. 'J'P'l.f lsvalclp] See 1jC?l.f. 'lj'TH' [svas] SkI ~ vr to breathe, sigh. 21fF1 n endurance, breath, inhaling and exhaling of breath. 3 asthma. 4 SkI BrmJire with a bright face. 5 a sharp-edged weapon. 'lj'TH'O [svascm] SkI ad} superb posture. short form for l'flT1fRO. See~. 3 one's (1J) own seat (fTH7. 'lj'1'J1litt:r [svasbijL 1J1"ffifRrR [svasbiraj] a giant from whose breath numerous giants took birth, as demons were born from Rakatbij's blood. See ~ 405. "svasbiraj danav jab marhe." lfRtT [svasClth], 1fFEI' [sva:;;thl Skl1fF8JT. n being in one's natural state; health; sound state. Fl:rfIr3' [sva:;;rIt] SkI adj rr-l'lfTfF.I3'. selfsufficient, with one's own support; without the help of others. 'Ij''tP' [svaha] See 'Ij''Q'T. 2 the wife of Agni. 3 part This word is recited to pay homage to the deities during sacrifice. "svaha kah6 matI' path jabe. agam ahuti pavo tabE."-GPS. 4 in Nirukta svaha means an auspicious utterance. lfOIT [svakil short form of ~ "parkIy te svaki hVE: gai."-carItr 290. also means
jJ SrutI ek-hi ko tab so sur hot phIsad I vIvadi.-kOv2r

vIkr2D1 sigh.
1Joftw.
~tar [svag] SkI n 1J-'l?faT. one's own body, one's
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own body part. 2 mimicry, act of imitation. ~~ [svadu] 5'kt adi tasty. juicy, delicious. "anIk svag kache bhekh dhari."-kan m 5. 1ftit [svadhi] Skt adi thoughtful. 2 desirous. kabItt. 3 so many poets have confused 'sadhvi, and matho banyo muh banyo much bani puch bani svadhi' without thinking but these words have laghav banyo pun bagh samtul ko, very different meanings. See RTtit. ragyo cago ag banyo lak banyo paja banyo ~'Il:l1o [svadhin] Skt adj under one's own kntamm ~arir mukh sigh hi ke tul ko, control; who is not subordinate to the other. gujbe ki ber m:m gaIn bEthyO devidas ~rr:ilot.rf3qr [svadhinpatIka] Skt n in poetics, Vfsoi subhav kud phad phal phul ko, the heroine who enchants her husband with kOjar ke kObh-hI bIdarbe ki ber kEse her fine qualities, as: kukar pE nIb-hEgo svag ~ardul ko. "guD kamal;! kan katu rijhaIa. 1f'OT3' [svagat] Skt n ~ -fTdT3'. auspicious arrival; vaSI kanlina gun bharam cukaIa." welcome. 2 the act of greeting a guest on his -suhi m 5. arrival. ~ [svadyay] Skt n reading on one's own, [svagi], [svagi] adjwho mimics; who reading what is ordained for one to read. does mimicry. "nana rup jIu svagi dIkhavE." 2 reading one's own religious texts. -sukhmani. "svagi SIU jo man rijhavE."-bhE'r 1fO [svan] Skt JFi and Jf7i n a dog. "svan SIal m 5. kharah."-s.:Jh.:Js m 5. 2 See Jj1'WC'i. 3 short form Jf3' [svct] See ~ 2. for ~ (sun). "laSE tej ESO lajE dekh svana." 1f3' [svat] Skt one's own end, demise. 2 one's -paras. own heart, conscience. Jf'tf [svap] Skt 11 sleep. See J;fLf Vl: ~rf3' [svatI], JT3T [svati] Skt BITfu adj living on ~ [svapad] Skt n the lion whose paws are one's own. 2 n name of the star Arcturus as like those of a dog; a hyena. "jIm kukar forming the 1 yh lunar asterism. 3 wife of the mngan par dhavE. svapad path vIkhe bhakh sun. javE."-GPS. 2 animals like a lion, whose paws [svatibud] n rain fallen in svati. It is resemble those of dogs. written in the Purans that the thirst of the rain ~~ [svabhavIk] See ~ 2. bird is quenched with this rain-water only. 'If~ [svamIghatak] adj who gets his When a drop of this rain falls, a pearl gets master eliminated. formed in the oyster, a banslochan (a colloidal 'If~u't [svamIdrohiJ adj who carries a concretion found in the stems of bamboos) is grudge against his master. formed in the bamboo, and camphor grows in 'lfrf>..rmn-r [svamIdharam] n master's faith; behaving with subordinates according to the the banana. Astrologers hold that all days of the light half of Harh (mid June to mid July) principles ofone's own religion. 2 Some poets and the seventh day of Magh Badi, if it is have used this word for ~ GOlf. lunar asterism, are svatiyog. ~rfHi!tit [svamIdhrohiJ See ~tit. ~Tt' [svad] See ~. "jIn bujhIa tISU aIa ~rfi..Io't [svamIl1i] feminine of lJTHt. svad."-sukhmani. 'lfW [svami] Skt Brffii'l, adj master. 2 rich. 1fBO [svad;m] Skt n tasting, relishing. 2 making 3 honoured (person). 4 n a king. 5 God. something tasty, act of making food delicious. "svami saran I pano ddrbare."-toc;ii m 5.
IfOIT
tfait
1f3hf:e-
Page 672 of 674
l'flJ-i'lt!rH
~
643
[svamidas] Nanda, Vithar and Apply this powder on white marks. Give Swamidas were three business men of gram-flour bread to the patient. Thanesar. They became the true votaries of Take six masas each of bij pavar. babci, Guru Arjan Dev. The Guru preached them to ajmod, maji!"h, sulphurized myrobalan raddish seeds, varki haTtal, seeds of jamalgota, tuba, be honest in their profession and true to their word. They acted upon the Guru's preaching seeds of palas, hira kasis. Grind the mixture and became famous as "Ikk sukhnie." to powder and soak this powder in vinegar ~Tij' [svar] See ~iJ. and then make small tablets. Afterwards rub this tablet in vinegar, make paste and apply lfOCT [svarath] See~. ~ [svarthi] See BfTOls1. 2 Skt Frcom a the paste on white marks. Ifthere are blisters chariot-driver. "b::sv ka dipaku.svami tace re on the skin due to this paste, apply some butter to them. svarthi."-dhana ITIlocan. fipr [:;;VIt] Skt ~ vr to be bright or white, be Crush the slough of a cobra in the milk of cactus and apply this paste on white marks. pure. ~ [svId] Skt~v to perspire, be oily, forget. Take kdth, peel of ahera and root of fig ~~ [svikar] Skr n acceptance. 2: adoption. tree. Boil these in water and prepare a medicinal decoction. Give this to the patient 3 appropriation of what does not beilong to one. with one masa powder of babci. ~ [sveccha] Skt ~:~ n one's own will. Rub sixteen tolas of babci seeds of four ~vSii'lia1 [svecchacari] adjself-willed, (one) who tolas ofvarki hanal, one tala each ofmansil, white rattka, root of chItra in cow urine and acts according to his own will. apply this paste on the marks. In this way [svet] See i:t3' and ftft. ~ [svetku:;;tJ, ~!~ [svetku:;;th] Leucoderma. leucoderma wi 1\ be totally cured. "svetkust J /. This disease happens due to impurity of ketIn ke bhayo."-CdrItr 405. blood. Some times a child inherits it from his ~~ [:;;vetketu] son of rishi Uddalak. There parents. According to Ayurved it is of two is a story in the Mahabharat that a woman types: sVItI' and kIlas. The spots of SVItI' are cannot have marital relation with any other white and those of kIlas have reddish hue. If man except her husband. This norm was introduced by Shvetketu. Before this, people these spots ooze out blood when pricked with used to Iive like animals. Once Shvetketu's a needle then the cure may be easy, and if they ooze out white or yellow dischargl~ then mother was taken away by a Brahmin for the cure is very difficult. mating. Shvetketu was enraged. His father Uddalak restrained his son from getting The best cures ofleucoclerma are as under: First of all use liquid mc:dicines and do enraged as that was the custom but Shvetketu not let faeces stick in the iintestine. said that he could nottolerate this custom and Soak the seeds of babci in cO\v's urine, did not want to see such custom being practised before his eyes. Shvetketu remove the peel and dry them in shade. Keep introduced many good customs along with this in a bottle after grinding. Give one masa laws concerning women. Chhandog Upnishad powder daily with a decoction made with mOqi buti (gorakh mOqi) explains thoroughly how Uddalak impalied
Page 673 of 674
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divine knowledge to Shvetketu.

~ [~vetgai] a white elephant; Eravat the
elephant; Indar's vehicle.

~ [~vetdip], 1J~w [~vetdvip] according
to the Purans an island. situated to the north of Kheer ocean where Lachhm i resided with Vishnu. "~vetdip taj lokalok."-GPS. ~ [~vetvah] Indar, whose ~ (horse) is ~3"(white). 2 Arjun. 3 the moon. ~ [~veta~u] the moon, 1?fB (rays) of which are ~3" (bright). ~ [~veta~v] uchEsrava, Indar's white horse. 2 a charriot harnessed with white horses. 3 Indar/Arjun whose horse is white. 4 moon.
~3i~3a [~veta~vtar] a rishi, after whom six
J!
chapters in Upnishad are named. This Upnishad is related to Yajurved. The principles of.Sankhy, Vedant and Yog are
found in this Upnishad. SkI ~orao a white cloth. 2 n a clan of Jain monks who wear white robes. 3 an incarnation of the swan. 4 adjwho wears white robes. ~ [~vetodar] n ~3"-~. black deer whose belly is white. ~ [~vet~bar] See ~ and ~orao. ~ [sved] SkI n sweat, perspiration. See E sweat. 2 dampness, moisture. See ftrt. ~ [svedaj] See R3R. ~ [svedan] the act of sweating. [SVE] See ~. 2 to sleep, to lie down. "jaha bir atI SVE rahe."-krIsan. See~. [svrya] See F!?w. ~ [sVErII).i] SkI a woman who acts according to her own wish; a prostitute. Jit:! [sv;:Jd] SkI B:fRf n one's own end, death. "sv;:Jd ch;:Jd b;:Jd kEkE chut Ih jat hE."-knsan.
1f3+ao [~vetabar]
J1w
Page 674 of 674

Mahan Kosh Vol 1 Kahan Singh Nabha - English Translation

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PUBLICATION BUREAU PUNJABI UNIVERSITY, PATtL\LA

Department of Development ofPunjabi Language

ENCYCLOPJEDIA OF THESIKH LITERATURE VOLUME ONE ( t-H) English Translation of

BHAI KAHAN SINGH NABHA

Year : 2006 Copies: 1100 Price : Rs.8001-

of The House of Patiala Honourable Chief Minister of Punjab

Vice-Chancellor Punjabi University, Patiala

Tejwant Singh Gill

Gurkirpal Singh Sekhon

(G- 3"' ~~)

(ll'1tt 3"' fffiro)

(fH<mIT 3"' fl:r8ltnf)

(fft=fT"e 3"' !f8"3TO)

(!fffif 3"' ~) (iforg 3"' fi(FH2d~(')')

(fi(a- 3"' It'!)

Vice-Chancellor Punjabi University, Patiala

Swam Singh Boparai

Encyclop<edia of The Sikh Literature

Encyclop<edia of The Sikh Literature

Encyclop<edia of The Sikh Literature

--- f---- f----f-.

Encyclopredia of The Sikh Literature

~g [dnratdI).dh], ~ [b;5n h I].

bhukhe pritI hOUVE anu khaI.

SdrdI).I pdIa nandk souhela

l;;IOfu (')('iT ~ ~tit

Encyclop<edia of The Sikh Literature

9.~Flf3nttr atJ3T ~ ~ ~ ~ 1jOB ~ M

qJO lJR'fu11 I It=lYl I

adI sacu jugadI sacu.

hf bhi sacu nanak hosi bhi sacu.

n ~;=t wfu oor ~ ~II

m "JfJ 3' ft:or n tffi

sahas sIanpa lakh hohI ta Ik na calf nalI.

kIV saCIara hoif kIV kUrf tUtf palL

hukamI rajai call).a nanak lIkhIa naIL

SUl)H: sIdh pir sunnath.

SUl)IE dhClrCltI dhClvCll akas.

nanClk bhClgta sClda vIgasu.

SUl)IE dukh pap ka nasu.

lfT<'ft fu3r lfT3T t:TO"B HU3" - I1

jIni namu dhIaIa gCle mClsClkCltI ghaII.

3" lj1:f ~ <Bt it ~I 1911

nanClk te mukh ujle keti chuti naII.

fufu 'EJTGIT dTfu>w

phIrI baba gClIa bClgdadI no bahClrI jaI kia Clsthana.

fu3t war f<wrfi:r cmr Bfa J11-fTfo N

Iku baba Clkal rupu duja rClbabi mClrdana.

vekhE dhIanu lClgaI kClrI Iku phClkiru vClqa mClstana.

Encyclopredia of The Sikh Literature

~ (JH~(JI II ~ fAdtiC'i(JI 11=;1 II

k<'lbir meri jatr k<'lu s<'lbhu ko h<'lsnehar.

fuR "fITf3" ~ ft:R:r

b<'llIhari rs jatr k<'lu jrh j<'lpro srrj<'lnhar.

jInI ESa k:>n bujhIa mitu hamara SOL

pharida je ja!).a tIl thone s;:}malI buku bhari.

je ja!).a sahu n;:}qhra til thora ma!).u kari.

je ja!).a laru chIj!).a piqi pal gaqhI.

tE jevaqu mE nahI ko sabhu jagu qItha h;:}qhI.

~ ~ ~ ~ fulj "0 W:rll

pharida je tu akalI latiphu kale lIkhu na lekh.

apanre guivan mahI suu nlvil kan dekhu.

pharida jo tE maranI mukia tInha na mare ghumI.