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Contents
1 Birth 2 Education 3 The Philippine Revolution 4 The Filipino-American War 5 Death 6 References 7 External links 8 Citation
General Antonio Luna
Birth
Antonio Manila, Philippines Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines First Philippine Republic Philippine Revolutionary Army 1898-1899 Brigadier General Philippine-American War
Antonio Luna was born in Urbiztondo Street, Binondo, Manila on October 29, 1866 to Don Joaquin Luna and Doa Laureana Novicio, a prominent Allegiance Service/branch and rich couple from Ilocos Norte. His older brother was Juan Luna, the Years of famous painter.
service Rank Battles/wars
Education
Juan Luna and Manuel Luna, brothers Relations He was enrolled in the Ateneo de Manila University where he took up literature and chemistry. He graduated with highest honors, obtaining his bachelor of arts from Ateneo in 1881. He then enrolled in the University of Santo Tomas where his paper entitled "Dos cuerpos fundamentales de quimica" was awarded first place. At the invitation of his brother, he went to Spain where he studied pharmacy in Barcelona and medicine in Madrid. He obtained his Licentiate in Pharmacy at the University of Barcelona and Licentiate in Pharmacy at the Central University of Madrid.
In Madrid, he started writing in La Solidaridad, the organ of the Propaganda Movement in Spain seeking reforms to alleviate conditions in the Philippines. One particular article he wrote for La Solidaridad, entitled "Impresiones," ridiculed the Spaniards in the Philippines. Writing under the pen name Taga-ilog he also contributed articles and technical papers to European scientific journals and magazines. He wrote the famous article entitled " El hematozoario paludismo" which was acclaimed by the European scientific community. Antonio Luna was well-traveled: he toured Europe, meeting prominent bacteriologists, chemists, and pharmacists. Aside from these interests, Antonio Luna was also a master fencer, skilled sharpshooter, avid musician, and a military strategist. In Madrid, the Filipino community there knew that Antonio Luna had a fiery temper and was prone to react violently. When a newspaper editor named Mir Deas uttered insults against Luna, Luna renamed the editor Mier Das (Spanish foul language), challenged him to a duel and on being rejected, spat in his face. Whenever there was a quarrel that involved the Luna brothers, Rizal would dismiss them as "cosas de los Lunas."
Rizal asked Luna to join the Katipunan to serve as liason between the masses and the rich; but Luna refused, stating that a revolution was premature. When the Katipunan was finally discovered by the Spanish authorities, Luna was imprisoned and tortured. The Spanish authorities made false claims that his friends had implicated him in the Katipunan revolution as one of its prominent members. Weakened by mental and physical torture, Luna decided to reveal all that he knew about the Katipunan. He denounced the Katipunan and revealed the names of his friends who were members of the secret society. In return for his cooperation, he was exiled to Spain in 1897 and was locked up in Madrid Prison. He was later released through the assistance of a government official. While the revolution raged in the Philippines, Antonio Luna was in Madrid and different parts of Europe. While traveling Europe, he studied military tactics, strategy, field fortifications, and artillery. He studied military tactics under Belgian general Gerard Leman.
directed his subordinates to turn Mountain Province into a guerrilla fortress against the Americans. He believed that although the Americans could never be defeated in a setpiece battle, guerrilla warfare could be effective against them. Luna argued that because of American deaths and military expenditures, the American public would be forced to stop their government from continuing the war. To achieve this aim, prisoners were told to plant camote and other food crops in Mountain Province, church bells were requisitioned, melted and used as bullets, rice harvests were commandeered in several Pangasinan towns, and officers surveyed the areas around Mountain Province. Individuals angry with Luna perceived these preparations as a plan to seize the government from Aguinaldo. Suspicions were also aroused when men close to Aguinaldo saw Luna's tight hold on the army that he personally commanded. They were also afraid of Luna's insistence on the establishment of a dictatorial government composed of his chosen men. Because of this temper and stubbornness, certain individuals conspired to eliminate the general.
Death
After the fall of Bagbag and Central Luzon to American hands, Luna transferred his staff to Pangasinan and established the Department of War in the town of Bayambang. On 4 June 1899, Luna received a telegram from Aguinaldo directing him to proceed to Cabanatuan to confer with the Aguinaldo government. With the receipt of the telegram, Luna, his aides and 25 cavalry soldiers departed for Cabanatuan. Upon reaching a destroyed bridge near the town proper of Cabanatuan on 5 June 1899, Luna entered the town accompanied by Col. Francisco Roman and Capt. Eduardo Rusca, leaving behind them their escort. When he entered the church convent and saw a soldier outside whom he had degraded for cowardice in Angeles, Luna shouted at him and demanded to know who reinstated him. The soldier replied that the men upstairs had restored him to his previous position. The volatile Luna, his fist clenched, then hit a soldier that did not salute him. Upon entering the room of the convent house, he met Felipe Buencamino and started to argue with him when a rifle shot was heard outside. He was confronted by Captain Janolino of the Kawit Companies and was then hacked in the head, shot, and stabbed by the Kawit Companies members. Bleeding from his wounds, General Luna rapidly managed to draw his revolver and fire several shots at his attackers while shouting "Cowards! Traitors! Assassins!" When Roman and Rusca saw their general being attacked, they immediately ran to aid him. Roman ran across the street but was gunned down while Rusca, shot in the leg, was saved when he hid in the church. Buencamino emerged, emptied Luna's pockets and took the telegram that Luna received. Luna was then buried in the clothes that he had on when he died. After the death of Antonio Luna, his staff and sympathizers were eliminated. Officers who served under Luna were arrested, removed from the army or assassinated. Maj. Manuel Bernal was arrested, tortured, and killed while his brother Capt. Jose Bernal was arrested, released, then assassinated in the battlefield. No trial or punishment was carried out against the assassins and plotters in the murder of General Antonio Luna.
References
Diaz, Anacleto. Antonio Luna: Dakilang Heneral. Manila: Liwayway Pub., 1957. Joaquin, Nick. A Question of Heroes. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing House, 2005. Jose, Vivencio R. The Rise and Fall of Antonio Luna. Manila: Trademark Pub. Corp., 1999. Santos, Jose. Si Apolinario Mabini Laban kay Heneral Antonio Luna. Manila: Imprenta de Fajardo, 1928. Villamor, Juan. General D. Antonio Luna y Novicio. Manila: Tipografia "Dia Filipino", 1932.
External links
Online biography of General Antonio Luna (http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Pool/1644/luna.html) Si Luna at ang Makabebe (http://www.elaput.org/pinsluna.htm)
Citation
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