CONTENTS CERTIFICATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURE LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVATIONS

INTRODUCTION/PREAMBLE 1.1 Biometrics 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 Identification Verification Advantages of biometrics system Disadvantages of biometrics system

1.2 Signature Verification 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 Modes of signature verification Advantages of signature verification Application of signature verification

1.3 General Model For Signature Verification 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 Input signature Preprocessing of signature Feature extraction Signature verification

1.4 Fractional Transforms 1.4.1 1.4.2 Development of fractional transform Applications

1.5 Motivation 1.6 Objective of Thesis 1.7 Organization of Thesis 2 LITERATURE SURVEY 2.1 Off-line Signature Verification 2.2 Online Signature Verification 2.3 Fractional Transforms 3 FRACTIONAL TRANSFORMS

3.1 Fractional Operations 3.2 Fractional Fourier Transform 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 Historical development of FrFT Mathematical definition of FrFT Properties of FrFT

3.3 Fractional Cosine Transform 3.4 Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform 3.4.1 3.4.2 Mathematical definition of DFrFT Properties of DFrFT

3.5 Discrete Fractional Cosine Transform 3.6 Conclusion 4 IMPLEMENTED TECHNIQUE 4.1 Overview of the system 4.2 Database management 4.3 Preprocessing of signature 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 Normalization of size Normalization of location Trajectory of barycenter

4.4 Feature extraction 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 4.4.6 Horizontal component of pen point movement Vertical component of pen point movement Areal velocity Displacement along trajectory of barycenter Velocity along barycenter trajectory Direction change of barycenter trajectory

4.5 FIR system 4.5.1 Discrete fractional cosine transform of features

4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4

FIR Subsystem-I FIR Subsystem II FIR Subsystem-III

4.6 Signature verification 4.7 Conclusion 5 Experimental results 5.1 Evaluation criteria 5.2 Evaluation 6 7 Conclusion and future scope References