Class 25

Three-Phase Transformer
Connections (cont.)
All Three-Phase Transformer
Connections
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
ABC t abc t abc
ABC t abc t abc
abc t ABC t abc
VLN a VLN b I
I c VLN d I
VLN A VLN B I
= +
= +
=
Delta-Grounded Wye

Zt
b
Zt
c
+ + +
_
_ _
Zt
a
V
CA
V
AB
V
BC
Vt
a
Vt
b
Vt
c
V
ab
V
bc
+
_
+
_
t
n
V
AB
V
CA
V
ab

g
+
_ V
ag
X3-c X2-b
X1-a
H3-C
H2-B
H1-A
V
AN
1
1
1
V
BC
1
Vt
b
1
1
_
+
_
+
_
+
Vt
a
1
Vt
c
1
I
a
I
b
I
c
Delta Grounded Wye
Common substation transformer
connection
Provides 4-wire grounded wye feeder
Isolates LG faults
Distribution transformer
Used for providing balanced single-phase
loading
Not good for three-phase motor loads
Ungrounded Wye - Delta


V
AN
V
BN
V
CN
Vt
ab
Vt
bc
Vt
ca
t
n

_
+
_
+
_
+
+
_
+
_
+
_
V
CN
1
V
BN
1
V
AN
1
V
ca
1
V
ab
1
V
bc
1
V
an
1
V
AB
1
+
X1-a
_
X3-c
+
_
V
ca
X2-b
_
V
ab
+
V
bc
I
b
I
c
I
a
I
ba I
cb
I
ac
H1-A
I
A
H2-B
I
B
V
_
+
AB
H3-C
_
+ V
BC
I
C
Zt
ab
Zt
bc
Zt
ca
X0
Ungrounded Wye - Delta
Primary use
Supply combination single-phase and three-
phase loads
Ungrounded wye so that upstream LG
fault currents do not flow thru transformers
Loss of one transformer will cause single-
phasing on three-phase load
Really bad if the three-phase load is an
induction motor

Ungrounded Wye-Delta
Serving 1 and 3 Phase Loads
Example


A
B
C
N
a
b
c

S-1
VBN
VAN
VCN
Z Z
ca
Z
bc
ab
Motor
IM
a
IM
c
IM
b
IL
It
a
It
b
It
c
I
ba
I
A
I
B
I
cb
I
C
I
ac
How to determine currents in the delta
windings knowing the line currents in an
ungrounded wye-delta connection?
1
0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1 0
a ba ac
b cb ba
ba cb ac
ba a
cb b
ac
I I I
I I I
I I I
I I
I I
I

=
=
= + +

( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

Ungrounded Wye-Delta Example
Grounded Wye-Delta


V
AN
V
BN
V
CN
Vt
ab
Vt
bc
Vt
ca
t
n

_
+
_
+
_
+
+
_
+
_
+
_
V
CN
1
V
BN
1
V
AN
1
V
ca
1
V
ab
1
V
bc
1
V
an
1
V
AB
1
+
X1-a
_
X3-c
+
_
V
ca
X2-b
_
V
ab
+
V
bc
I
b
I
c
I
a
I
ba I
cb
I
ac
H1-A
I
A
H2-B
I
B
V
_
+
AB
H3-C
_
+ V
BC
I
C
Zt
ab
Zt
bc
Zt
ca
X0
How to calculate the delta winding
currents knowing the line currents in
grounded wye-delta connection?
1
0
1 0 1
1 1 0
0
a ba ac
b cb ba
ab ba bc cb ca ac
ba a
cb b
ac ab bc ca
I I I
I I I
Zt I Zt I Zt I
I I
I I
I Zt Zt Zt

=
=
= + +

( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

Grounded Wye - Delta
Seldom used
Upstream ground faults can flow thru
transformers
Loss of one transformer and the connection
becomes an open wye-open delta and will
continue to provide three-phase voltages to
the three-phase load
Open Wye Open Delta


V
AN
V
BN
Vt
ab
Vt
bc
t
n

_
+
_
+
+
_
+
_
V
BG
1
V
AG
1
V
ca
1
V
ab
1
V
bc
1
V
AB
1
+
X1-a
_
X3-c
+
_
V
ca
X2-b
_
V
ab
+
V
bc
I
b
I
c
I
a
H1-A
I
A
H2-B
I
B
V
_
+
AB
Zt
ab
Zt
bc
X0
Open Wye Open Delta
Can supply combination single-phase and
three-phase loads
Leading connection lighting
transformer on leading phase voltage
Lagging connection lighting
transformer on lagging phase voltage
Reduced ratings (chalk board)
Leading Open Wye - Open Delta


A
B
C
N
a
b
c

S-1
VBG
VAG
VCG
Z Z
bc
ab
Motor
IM
a
IM
c
IM
b
IL
It
a
It
b
It
c
I
ba
I
A
I
B
I
cb
Lagging Open Wye-Open Delta


A
B
C
N
a
b
c

S-1
VBG
VAG
VCG
Z Z
ca ab
Motor
IM
a
IM
c
IM
b
IL
It
a
It
b
It
c
I
ba
I
A
I
C
I
ac
Open Wye - Open Delta Example
Law of Cosines
V
ca
V
ab
V
bc
a
b
bc
d
ca
d
Law of Cosines
Equations
a acos
V
bc
2
V
ca
2
+ V
ab
2

2 V
bc
V
ca

\
|
|
|
.
:=
b acos
V
ab
2
V
ca
2
+ V
bc
2

2 V
ab
V
ca

\
|
|
|
.
:=
d
ab
0 := d
bc
a b + ( ) := d
ca
180 b :=
Homework
8.4
8.5