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g`mgJhU H$aZm ^pVmJu` `m{YH$maH$m moVH$ h&
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Vmo Zw`H$mo Ho$db n[admOH$ hr ~Zm nmVm h-H$ht nhMmVm Zht
lrhm^w g`mgH$m {ZU` Ho$db dam`Ho$ gX^| XoZm ngX Zht H$aVo
h& H$, kmZ `m ^pV | go {H$gr EH$Ho$ gmW dam`Ho$ H$Q> hmoZona g`mg
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AmnV~H$maZo g^r Amlm|H$mo Vw` mZm h& {H$gr ^r AmlHo$ H$V`m|H$m

`WmdV nmbZ H$aZona {g{ {bVr h& H$ht-H$ht EH$ AmlH$s egm
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Om gH$Vm h:
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o$ao| nS> gH$Vo h& {deofV: dJh| ^Jdgodm Z {Z^m nmZodmbo T> ~rO^mddmbo
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nN>VmdoHo$ Abmdm Ama Hw$N> Zht nS>Vm
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b| EVXW lrhm^w `mJ g`mg g~Yr AnZo {dMmam|H$mo nQ> H$aVo h&
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h& gmgm[aH$ AhVm-Vmgo D$na CR>ZoHo$ gMo Cnm` dam`g{hV H$, kmZ
AWdm ^pV Vmo hmo gH$Vo h, na Ho$db `mJ `m g`mg Zht& {$a^r ^mH$
1 H$$b-`mJ$n H$mJu` g`mg:

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C{MV Zht hmoVm& (& JrVm 3&8)& gd{ZU`Ho$ ma^| `h H$h {X`m J`m h
{H$ Ho$db {Z`H$H$m $b AmgwI$n hmoVm h VWm CgHo$ `mJ H$aZona
`dm`-AnamY bJVm h& `hr {Z`H$ ~{dmHo$ g{hV hmo Vmo ~mZXH$m
XmZ ^r H$aVm h-""^JdXmZX$n $b ~kmZ`wV` `WmoVH$H$Vwaod''
(gd{Z& 4) ha gyaV| dUmlmMmam{X em{d{hV {Z` H$V`m|H$m `mJ
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Ed dY gw~mo& 3&28&2)&
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Zht mZVo-VmX ` Ed ~gW: dml{d{hVH$dVm gmo@Vdo{V& Z
H${Z{m{dm``mo{damoYmV'' (N>m& ^m& 2&23&1)& {H$Vw JrVm (3&5&8)
Ho$ AZwgma lrhm^wHo$ V| {Z`V H$H$m `mJ C{MV Zht hmoVm& AV:
~M` Jmh` `m dmZW | go {H$gr ^r EH$ Aml| ZpR>H$ dV YmaU
H$a dmlmo{MV H$V`m|H$m Omo {ZH$m AZwR>mZ H$aVm h Cgo AmgwI$n
H$mJu` mojH$s mpV hmoVr h (& JrVm 2&50-51) `{X ~{dmHo$ gmW
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h (& JrVm 4&24)& ^JdX^pVHo$ gmW {ZH$m H$mZwR>mZ H$aZodmbm|H$mo
ÔZmZXH$s mpV ^r g^d h (JrVm 9&34)&
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ZpR>H$ ~M`, Jmh` Ama dmZW AmlHo$ H$V`m|Ho$ {ZH$m AZwR>mZH$mo
^r {MmH$s ~kmZmon`moJr ew{| {d{d{Xfm| gmYZ mZm J`m h&
doXmZwdMZ `k Ama XmZ H$m AmlY hmoZm N>mXmo` (2&23&1) Ho$""`mo Y H$Ym: `kmo ``Z XmZ{{V& WVn Ed& {Vr`mo
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nw`bmoH$m ^dpV, ~gVmo@Vdo{V''& dMZgo EH$dm`Vm H$aZona nQ>
hmoVm h& "doXmZwdMZ' Ama "A``Z' gmZmWu h& "`k' Ama "XmZ' Vmo
~hXma`H$ Ed N>mXmo` XmoZm|| gmZ$n| {bVo hr h& N>mXmo`| BZ
A``Z, XmZ Ama `k Ho$ ~{dma{hV AZwR>mZH$m $b nw`bmoH$H$s mpV
mZm J`m h, VWm ~{dmg{hV AZwR>mZH$m $b "~gWmo@Vdoo{V' H$h
H$a ~kmZmon{mmam moj ^r mZm hr h& "AmMm`Hw$bdmgr' nXmam BZ
H$V`m|H$s AmlYVm ^r nQ>H$s J`r h&
JrVm (12&4&7) | ^r ^JdmZZo AVEd BZ H$m}Ho$ `mJH$mo AZw{MV mZm
h-""{ZM` lUwo V `mJo&&& `kXmZVn: H$ Z `m` H$mòd VV, `kmo
XmZ VnMd nmdZm{Z Zr{fUm, EVm`{n Vw H$m{U g `dm $bm{Z M
H$V`mZr{Vo nmW {ZpMV Vwm, {Z`V` M g`mg: H$Umo ZmonnVo
mohm` n[a`mJ: Vmg: n[aH$s`V:o ''& H$g`mg Ama H$`moJ | H$`moJH$s
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H$m` H$ H$amo{V `: g g`mgr M `moJr M Z {ZapZZ Mm{H$`:'' (JrVm
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g`mg mZm J`m h, {Z`V H$m}Ho$ `mJH$mo Zht&
gd { ZU ` (H$m[aH$m 246 Ho $ H$me)| lrhm^w Z o H$hm h ""J h W` V w ` & Ed Hw $ d Z gHw $ Qw > ~mo ^Jdgm`w `Zw V o &
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{H$ nwpQ>mJ| ^r Xohm{^mZHo$ ~Zo ahZo VH$ {Z`V H$m}Ho$ `mJ {H$ò {~Zm
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ddUmlYH$m `mJ C{MV Zht h; VWm gmYZXem| ^r Jh`mJ C{MV
H$V` Zht ah OmVm h-""H$mJ} Z H$V`:''& em{Z`V dUmlYm}Ho$
AZwR>mZ| H$m`H$ VWm H$$bmemVmo `m` h hr& ""dUmldVm Y Ef
AmMmabjU: g Ed X^pV`wVmo {Z:lo`H$a: na: (^mJ& 11&18&47)&
10
11
2 MVwWml$n H$mJu` `mJOgo ZpR>H$ dVHo$ gmW ~M` JhW `m dmZW Amlm|H$m {dYmZ h,
dgo hr H$e: MVwWml| doe H$aZoH$m ^r {dYmZ {bVm hr h& VWm
nydm}XmV ~hXma`H$Ho$ dMZ| hr `h AmVm h {H$ ""EVod dm{OZmo
bmoH${N>V: dOpV&&& nwf Um`mM {dmfUm`mM bmoH$ fUm`mM `wWm`mW
{^jmM`m MapV&&& ZZ H$VmH$Vo VnV:&&'' AWmV doXm``Z XmZ, `k, Vn
$n H$dmbo ~M` JhW Ama dmZW Amlm|Ho$ mam ~mU {Og ~Ho$
kmZH$s mpV H$aZm MmhVo h, g`mgAmlmam ^r Cgr ~H$s mpV Mmhr
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{^jmM`m H$aVo h&&& Ch| H$VmH$V H$m}Ho$ $b ^JVZoH$m gVmn Zht hmoVm&
Om~mbmon{Zf| ^r-""~M` gm` Jhr ^doX, Jhr ^ydm dZr ^doX,
dZr ^ydm, dOoX'' `m| H$e: EH$ AmlHo$ AZVa Xygao Aml| doe
H$aZoH$m H$nj {XIbm`m hr J`m h&
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g`mgYH$m {Z$nU ^r {H$`m J`m h& BgHo$ AVJV {XS>-g`mgH$s
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Ch| H$njH|$ AZwgma VrZ Amlm|Ho$ ~mX MVwW g`mgml| ^r doe
Ad` H$aZm Mm{hò&
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H$Q> hmoZona hr H$a gH$Vo h, A`Wm Zht& AV: Bg dMZ| d`mna
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dUZ AmJo MbH$a "kmZmoma g`mg'' Ho$ $n| {H$`m OmòJm&
MVwWml$n {XS>YmaUmH$ dY g`mg nydm}XmV AUw^mQ> (3&4&17)
Ho$ ""gM gH$ma: $bmonH$m`J{`md`H$: g`mgmo `mXmmJ}& nwpQ>mJ} Vw
A`d AdWm'' dMZHo$ AZwgma `mXmmJu` gmYH$m|Ho${bE Amd`H$ h hr&
MVw W m l $n {XS> Y maUmH$ d Y g`mg ny d m} X mV AUw ^ m`
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nwpQ>mJ} Vw A`d `dWm'' dMZHo$ AZwgma `mXmmJu` gmYH$m|Ho${bE
Amd`H$ h hr&
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Z kmZ Z M dam` m`: lo`mo ^do{Xh, `H${^`V Vngm kmZdam`VM `V,
`moJoZ XmZY}U lo`mo{^[aVaa{n, gd X^pV`moJoZ X^Vmo b^Vo@Ogm,
dJmndJm H$WpMX `{X dmN>{V& Z{H$pMgmYdmo Yram ^Vm oH$pVZmo
, dmN>`{n `m Xm H$d`nwZ^d'' Bg dMZ| mojH$s ^r nhm Z
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hmoVm h&
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kmZdamà{hV: {XS>wnOrd{V, gwamZmmZmW {ZhVo m M Yhm,
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H$mJu` g`mg gdWm em{g Ed ew ^r hmoZona H${b`wJ| ~hmoV
AZwmoXZr` Zht h&
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kmZdam`ZmmZm H$mbm`moJoZ OOam''& AV: OrU kmZ Ama OrU dam` dmbo
gmYH$m|go {XS> g`mgHo$ {Z` {Z^ nmZo H${R>Z h&

lrhm^w AVEd {ZfoY H$aVo h-""gwVam H${bH$mbV:'' H${b`wJHo$ Xw^mdHo$
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^r AZwmoXZr` Zht h&
12
13
3 ^pVgmYH$ ldUm{XHo$ {Zdmhmam ^pVH$s mpVHo${bE g`mg:

^mJdV (11&20&9) Ho$-""VmdH$m{U Hw$duV Z {Z{doV `mdVm
H$WmldUmXm dm lm `mdZ Om`Vo'' dMZHo$ WmbmoH$Zgo Eogm bJVm h
{H$ ^JdH$Wm-ldUHo${bE `hm g`mgH$m {dYmZ {H$`m J`m h& dmV{dH$Vm
na `h h {H$ Bg dMZH$m w` Vmn` dam`moX` `m H$WmlmoX` Ho$ ~mX
H$`mJHo$ {dYmZ| Zht A{nVw dam`moX` `m lmoX` n`V H$`mJ Z
H$aZo| h&
AV: ZohmpH$m ^pVHo$ gmYH$ ldU-H$sVZ-aU-nmXgodZ-AMZdXZ-Xm`-g`-Am{ZdoXZ$n Zm AmoH$o {Z{dZ AZwR>mZHo${bE g`mg
boZo| nmM {d{Vn{m`m h:
1..`m|{H$ g`mgYHo$ AZwgma `pVH$mo {Zanoj Ama EH$mH$s {dMaU
H$aZm Mm{hò-""EH$: MaohroVm {Z:g: g`Vop`:'' (^m 11&18&20)
O~{H$ ^pVHo$ Zd{dY A ldUm{XHo$ AZwR>mZHo${bE {H$gr ^pVmZ gh`moJrHo$
ggH$s Anojm ahVr h&
2. `m|{H$ ldUHo${bE dVm, H$sVZ-aUHo${bE JW-VwbgrmbmJmowIr; Ama nmXgodZ-AMZ Am{XHo${bE ^JdX{dJh, AMZm gmJr nwn
Zdom{X `m AMZmnm Am{X AZoH$ gmYZm|H$s ajm H$aZo| {MVHo$ `J hmoZoH$s
g^mdZm ahVr h & `h g`mgHo $ An[aJ h Ho $ {Z`Ho $ {dnarV h ""{~^`mMow{Zdmg: H$mnrZmN>mXZ na `V Z XS>nmm`m`pH$pMXZmn{X
(^m& 11&18&15)
3. `m|{H$ g`mgHo$ H$maU d`Ho$ òR> Aml| AdpWV hmoZoH$m
A{^mZ OJVm h-g^r g`mgr "dm{Or' ~Z OmVo h O~{H$ ^pV| X`
Ano{jV hmoVm h "Xmg' ~ZZoH$m& ldU| Vd{ZYmaHo${bE H$^r dmXMMm
Cn`moJr hmo gH$Vr h naVw g`mg| dh d{OV h-""doXdmXaVmo Z `mV''
(^mJ& 11&12&30) g`mg| Ordmm Ama namm Ho$ ~rM AôX~w{H$m
A{^mZ "gmoh' OJmZm nS>Vm h O~{H$ ^pV "Xmgmoh' H$s ôX~w{go K{Q>V
hmoVr h& ^pVHo$ ma^| ^JdmZHo$ dmr hmoZoH$m Ama `Ho$ godH$ hmoZoH$m
A{^mZ A{YH$ Cn`moJr hmoVm h&

4. `m|{H$ ^pVHo$ ldUm{X Am|H$s nwZ:-nwZ: Amd{m {d{hV h-""VmX
^maV gdmm ^JdmZ h[aarda: lmoV`: H$s{VV`M V`MoN>Vm^`''
(^mJ& 2&1&5)& BgH$s gw~mo{YZr| H$hm J`m h {H$ ""{d{hVo ldUH$sVZo gXm
^dV: `mUm XohnmVn`VmdVmZmodm^`gmYH$d& Cmamd{YX}hnmV: Ed&
nydmd{Y: ggma^`kmZ''& `h {H$gr ^VHo$ grn Ho$ {~Zm g^d Zht h&
g`mgHo${bE O~{H$ {ZaVa EH$mH$s n[aÛ loR> mZm J`m h-""dmgo
~hZm H$bhmo ^doX dmVm `moa{n EH$Ed MaoX {^jw: (^m& 11&9&10)&
5. `m|{H$ ^`^yV ldUm{X Zd{dY Ym}H$m ApV `moOZ ^JdgodmW
`mo`Vm gnm{XV H$aZm h Ama g`mgY gmYH$H$mo {gmVm{^V godmHo$
d$nHo$ A`mo` ~Zm XoVo h&
AV: MVwWml$n g`mg `m dV g`mg, d `m Ad, {H$gr
^r H$maH$m g`mg ^pVgmYH$ ldUm{XHo$ {ZdmhmW AZwmoXZr` Zht ah
OmVm h&
4. ^pV~mYH$ Jhm{XHo$ `mJmam ^pVH$s mpVHo${bE g`mg:
^pVd{YZr| H$hm J`m Wm {H$ ""JhmWmZm ~mYH$dZmd M ^mgVo''
AV: O~ JhpWV gH$b g~pYOZ Ama nXmW ^pV| ~mYH$ hmoVo hm| Vmo
CZH$m n[a`mJ H$aZm hr Mm{hò& $bV: ^pVH$s {Z{dZ A{^d{ hmo nmòJr&
naVw ^pVHo$ ~rO ^mdHo$ T> Z hmoZoH$s pW{V| Bg VahHo$ Jmh`^rVm|H$m
`mJ AV| {Zao nmfS>| hr H$^r Z H$^r n`d{gV hmoVm h& ^pVd{YZr|
^r AVEd H$hm J`m h {H$ `mJ| Xw:g Ama AZXmof Ho$ H$maU A{YH$
AY:nmVHo$ ^`WmZ h& dhr ~mV `hm ^r VrZ VahH$s {d{Vn{m`m|mam
gPm`r Om ahr h&
1. `m|{H$ `mJ H$aZoHo$ ~mX ^r {^jmQ>ZHo${bE nwZ: JhWm|Ho$ mana OmZm
nS>Vm h& ò JhWXmVm g`mg boZodmboHo$ n[admago H$moB AbJ T>JHo$ Zht
hmoVo& BZHo$ KaH$m AZ ^JdmZH$mo {Zdo{XV {H$`m hAm hmo `h O$ar Zht& AV:
Eogo AZg| {V ^Q> hmo gH$Vr h&
2. `m|{H$ H${b`wJHo$ ^mdHo$ H$maU g~ Hw$N> ~mhago N>moS> XoZona ^r `h
ghO g^d h {H$ AmV[aH$ AmgpV `m dmgZm Z Qy>Q>o Ama `pV `mJrHo$
~Om` nmfS>r ~Z Omò&
3. `m|{H$ Bg Vah `mJH$m nmfS> H$aZodmbo {df`mH$mV `pVHo$ Xoh|
H$^r h[aH$m Amdoe g^d hr Zht&
14
AV: nwpQ>mJu`m|H$mo Bg VahH$s AT> ~rO^mddmbr ^pVH$s gmYZmdWm|

Aml$n `m dV, d `m Ad {H$gr ^r H$maH$m `mJ `m g`mg Zht
boZm Mm{hò, `{X ^pVgwI boZoH$s H$mZm hmo Vmo&
5. ^JdX{dahmZw^mdmW ^`wma g`mg:
^pVd{YZr| ^pVH$m `gZXem n`V {dH$mg {XIbm`m J`m h& CgHo$
{g hmoZona, dJh| {ZMòZ ^JdgodmHo$ Z {Z^Zona; Ama Vrd {d`moJH$s
AZw^y{V| Ka~maH$s PPQ>moHo$ H$maU {dZH$s g^mdZm {XIbm`r XoVr hmo, V~
Jh`mJH$s Ny>Q> Xr Om gH$Vr h& `h g`mg ~rO^mdH$s T>VmHo$ ~mX {H$`m
J`m hmoZogo H$^r ^r ^VH$mo nW^Q> Zht H$aVm&
^mJdV (11&18&28-36) |-""kmZ{ZR>mo {daVmo dm X^Vmo dmZnojH$:
g{bmZmlm`dm MaoX{d{YJmoMa&&&emMmMZ ZmZ Z Vw MmoXZ`m MaoV
A`mM {Z`mZ kmZr `Wmh brbòda''& `hm MVwWml$n g`mggo
{^Z EH$ n[a`mJH$s Amkm nQ> {XIbm`r XoVr h&
Bgr H$YHo$ ~mahd| A`m`| ^JdmZZo gPm`m h-""Ho$dboZ {h ^mdoZ
Jmo`mo Jmdmo IJm Jm òò yT>{Y`mo ZmJm: {gm: mr`waOgm, ` Z `moJoZ
gmL>òZ XmZdVVnmoda: `m`mdm`m`g`mg: mZw`mX `ZdmZ{n& amoU
gmK Ww a m UrVo dm$pH$Zm `Zw a V{Mmm {dJm T >^mdo Z Z o
{d`mo J Vrd m Y`mo ` Xew : gw I m`&&& VmZm{dX`Zw f L > ~{Y`
dmmZXVWoX, `Wm gmYm wZ`mopYVmoò Z: {dQ>m Bd Zm$no&&&
Vmdwdmog` MmoXZm {VMmoXZm dm M {Zdm M lmoV` lwVod M,
moH$od eaUmmZ gdXo{hZm `m{h gdm^mdoZ `m `m Hw$Vmo^`''&
`hm d{mYH$s Vah {Zd{mYHo$ ^r `mJH$m {dYmZ {H$`m J`m h& ^pVH$s
`gZXem| H$Q> hmoVo {dJmT>^md `m gdm^md Ho$ mam {MmH$mo {ZaVa
^JdXoH$VmZ ~Zmò aIZo Ama Cg| Vrd {d`moJO` VmnH$mo ghm`H$ mZZoH$s
Bg ^JdXZwapVYmZ dam`ybH$ g`mgH$s ar{VH$m hr-""X^Vmo&&&
g{bmZmlm`dm MaoX'' | {dYmZ {H$`m J`m h&
JrVm (12&6-8)| Bgr g`mgH$m {Z$nU h-""ò Vw gdm{U H$m{U
{` g`` nam: A`Zd `moJoZ m `m`V CnmgVo Vofmh gwVm
`wggmagmJamV ^dm{ Z {MamnmW `mdo{eVMoVgm, òd Z AmYd
{` ~wq {Zdoe`, {Zd{g`{g òd AV Ad Z ge`:''
doe:
Bg H$maHo$ n[a`mJ H$aVo g` `{X n[admaHo$ bmoJm|H$m moh AnZo ~mao|
Qy>Q>Vm Z hmo Vmo g`mgrH$m doe YmaU H$a boZm Mm{hò& A`Wm dh A{Zdm`
15
Zht h&
Jw:
n[a`mJHo$ Bg H$ma| fmoMma Am{XHo${bE {H$gr JwH$s Anojm Zht h&
nydm}XmV CdmonXoe| ^JdmZZo Jmo{nH$mAm|H$o ^JdXZwamJybH$ dam`Ho$ dUZmam
Ogo CdH$mo ^pVmJu` g`mgH$s oaUm Xr, VXZwgma Bg H$maHo$ g`mg|
Jw dOH$s Jmo{nH$mAm|H$mo hr mZZm Mm{hò& H$mpS>` F${fHo$ M[a (^{d`moma)
| ^r Bg H$maHo$ n[a`mJH$m CXmhaU {bVm h& AV: do ^r JwVw` h&
gmYZ:
nydm}XmV CdmonXoe| Ogo ^JdmZZo Jmo{nH$mAm|Ho$ gdn[a`mJHo$ H$maU^yV
"Ho$db ^md'H$s egm H$s h, VXZw$n Bg {dahmZw^dmW g`mg| Ho$db^md
hr gmYZ h&
^mdmoX~moYZH$m Cnm`:
^JdmZHo$ Wwam nYmaZona Ogo Jmo{nH$mAm|H$mo Vrd {dahmZw^y{VHo$ H$maU
{MmH$s {ZaVa ^JdXoH$VmZVm {g hmo J`r Wr, Cgr Vah AnZo KaHo$ dO|
O~ h| ^JdgodmH$m gwI Z {b nmVm hmo, V~ ^JdmZHo$ WwamJZH$s
^mdZm H$aZm Mm{hò& Bg ^mdZmHo$ H$maU ^VHo$ X`| Jmo{nH$mAm|H$s Vah
Vrd {dahdoXZm H$Q> hmoZo bJoJr&&& Ama EH${XZ AH$mV Z BVZm {dH$b
hmo OmòJm {H$ ^V KaHo$ ~mha {ZH$b nS>oJm AnZo ^JdmZH$mo ImoOZo
`h `mJ nMHo$ XmofXeZybH$ Ho$db ewH$ dam`go o[aV Z hmoH$a
^wHo$ {X` Ywa JwUm|Ho$ {V gag AZwamJgo o[aV hmoVm h& AV: n[a`mJH$m
`h H$ma ^pVmJ| egZr` h&
`mJHo$ Bg H$maH$mo H$moB AZw{MV Z mZ ~R>o Bgr{bE ^JdmZZo:""MaoX
A{d{YJmoMa:'' H$hH$a Cmm{YH$m[a`m|Ho${bE Bg H$maHo$ `mJH$s AZwkm
VWm `m{YH$m[a`m|Ho${bE Amkm Xo Xr h& AVEd `Wm{YH$ma "MaoX' Ho$
"AZwkm' Ama "Amkm' XmoZm| hr AW drH$maZo| H$moB {d{Vn{m Zht h& ""gy`
AV hmo ahm h'' Ogo EH$ hr dm`Ho$ Xmo Vmn`:~mUHo$ gm`g`mW CV
hmoZoHo$ $n|; Ama J{hUrHo$ gm`H$mbHo$ ImZm nH$mZoH$mo CV hmoZoHo$ $n|,
A{YH$m[aôXgo bo gH$Vo h&
JmonmbVm{nZr Cn{ZfX-| ""^pVa` ÔZ V{Xhmwmonm{YZamòZd AwpZ
Z:H$nZ EVXod M ZH$`'' H$h H$a Bgr ^pVmJu` g`mgH$m $n
"ZH$`' nXgo mo{VV {H$`m J`m h&
16
n[aUm:
Bg {dahmZw^dmW n[a`mJH$m n[aUm {H$Vw AN>m Zht hmoVm dmVmg|
BgHo$ ~mao| EH$ OoXma Z Ama Cma {bVo h:
Z:""{Vhmao godH$ Eogo Xw~bo `m|?''
Cma:""~aOo hVo na maJ| Amò VmH$mo $b nm` aho h''
{dahmZw^dmW Omo n[a`mJ {H$`m OmVm h Cg| VXZw$n ^mdZmAm|H$mo
H$aZona EH$ {XZ {dahdoXZmH$s Q>rg Z| CR>r; AWdm ^mdZmH$m dmh ~hVo
hE H$ht {H$gr ^mdHo$ gmJa| n`d{gV hAm {H$ X`| oH$m gmJa bhamZo
bJoJm CgH$s AZoH$ bha| (MjyamJ Z:g gLH$n {ZmN>Xo VZwVm {df`{Zd{m
nmZme CmX yN>m Ama aU) CR> H$a Amm Ama Xoh Ho$ XmoZm| VQ>~Ym|H$mo
VmoS> X|Jr Xoh Bp` AV:H$aU mU Amm g^r Hw$N> oHo$ nyago bm{dV hmo
Om`|Jo
`h oO` {dH$bVm Ama Adm` ^pVH$s MaH${V `m d^md hr
h& Bgo bm{H$H$ `m mH$V Adm`H$s Vah Zht gPZm Mm{hò& `h Vmo
namZX$n nammH$m OrdmmHo$ gmW K{ZR> gne h EH$ omVgo gmao
Vm|Ho$ bm{dV hmoZona ^r ~Mm hAm {`V Ama or H$m ^JdmZ Ama ^V
H$m EH$ Ywa V h Bgo ~dmXr ewmVkmZH$s; AWdm ~Ho$ kmZmJu`
JwUm| (`Wm ~Ho$ gd`mnr hmoZo, gd {dmZ hmoZo, gd{Zanoj Ammam
hmoZo, {ZamH$ma-`mnH$ hmoZo) H$s MMmgo d` `m A` H$moB {Q>m Z Xo BgH$s
gmdYmZr ~aVZr Mm{hò& `m|{H$ `h kmZ VWm namm Ho$ kmZmJu` JwU
^pVmJu` ^mdHo$ ~mYH$ hmoVo h&
kmZ-dam`-g`mg Am{X {deofVmAm|Ho$ H$maU Ogo kmZmJu` gmYH$
g`bmoH$| AdpWV hmoVm h, dgo hr ^pVmJu` Ord ^mdZmHo$ ~bna
`m{ndHw$R>| MbVr ^JdmZH$s {Z` dObrbmAm|| AdpWV hmo gH$Vm h&
AV: ""namm `mnH$ hmoZogo Wwam Zht Om gH$Vm dh Vmo gd {dmZ h''
Eogr kmZmJu` ~mVm|go ^mdIS>Z Zht hmoZo XoZm Mm{hò&
ZohH$s Omo Xg AdWm`| MjyamJgo aU n`V {JZm`r, CZ| Xgdt
AdWm aU V~ VH$ g^d Zht, O~ VH$ {dahXem gdWm Ag Zht hmo
OmVr& JmT> AZwamJ Ama {d`moJ Ho$ H$maU AmgpV^`m`go ^VHo$ AVa|
^JdmZH$s gmar brbm`| AZw^yV hmoVr ahVr h& H$^r ò brbm`| ~mha ^r H$Q>
hmo OmVr h& EH$ ~ma ~mha H$Q> hB {H$ {$a BZH$m AH$Q> hmoZm ^VHo${bE
Ag hmo OmVm h& dgm `{X H$^r hmo Omò Vmo {$a ^VHo${bE mUYmaU
Ae` hmo OmVm h& H$mR>| ApZ {Vamo{hV ahVr h& naVw EH$~ma `{X nyUV`m
H$Q> hB Vmo dh ~wPVo-~wPVo H$mR>H$mo ^r nyar Vahgo ObmH$a amI ~Zm XoVr
17
h& Bgr Vah Wm{`^mdHo$ $n| hmao AVa| {N>no hE namZXmH$ lrH$U
`{X Amb~Z {d^mdHo$ $n| EH$ ~ma ~mha H$Q> hmo H$a {Vamo{hV hmo Omò
Vmo gmao Xohm{XHo$ ~YZ Qy>Q> OmVo h
Bg pW{Vna nhwMZogo nhbo {d`moJ| ^VHo$ mUm|H$mo ^JdmZHo$ JwU hr
{Q>H$mò aIVo h& ^JdmZHo$ ^pVmJu` JwUm|H$s {V AWdm H$sVZ | ^VH$mo
Omo nwZ:-nwZ: gVmof {bVm ahVm h, Cgrgo CgHo$ mU AnZo mU{` ^wHo$
ga{hV hmoZoH$s pW{V| ^r {Q>Ho$ ahVo h&
{d`moJmZw^y{VH$s Bg {H$`m| ^JdmZHo$ agmH$ d$nH$s AZw^y{V
nyUVmna nhM OmVr h& `m|{H$ agemH$mam|Zo a{VH$mo {XbmH$ AWmV
g`moJ Ama {d`moJ $n mZm h& VXZwgma `h {dahmZw^y{V ^r ^JdmZHo$ agmH$
AZw^dH$m EH$ A hr h& $bV: Bg AZw^y{VH$s AnyUVm| ^JdmZ H$Q>
hmoH$a d` ^VH$s $bmpV| ~mYm Zht nhMmVo h&
EH$ eLH$m `h CR> gH$Vr h {H$ {$a CdHo$mam d` ^JdmZZo
kmZmJu` gXoe Jmo{nH$mAm|H$mo {dahdoXZmgo dW H$aZoHo${bE `m| ôOm?
BgH$m Cma `hr h {H$ ^JdmZH$mo `h nVm Wm {H$ CdHo$ kmZH$m a Jmo{nH$mAm|na
Zht MT>oJm `wV Cdna hr Jmo{nH$mAm|Ho$ oH$m a MT> OmòJm& AVEd
^JdmZHo$ gXoe-dm`dm`m|H$mo Jmo{nH$mAm|Zo drH$mam Zht&
Bgr Vah CZHo$ AZwH$aUna {dahmZw^dmW n[a`mJ H$aZodmbm|H$mo `{X
{H$gr kmZr AWdm `mXmmJu` ^Vmam ^mdIS>ZH$s ~mV| gwZm`r Om ahr
hm| Vmo Ch| AZgwZr H$a XoZr Mm{hò& Mmho do ~mV| doXmVm{X emmogo mm{UH$
hr `m| Z hm|&
BZ emr` {gmVm|H$s Cnojmgo ^JdmZ ZmamO hmo Om`|Jo Eogo Zht mZ
boZm Mm{hò& `m|{H$ do X`mbw h& AV: Ogo kmZmdoe| emr` `mXmHo$
CbZH$m ~wam Zht mZVo dgo hr ^mdmdoe| Jmo{nH$mAm|mam H$s J`r
^JdXwnXoeH$s CnojmH$m ^r ~wam Zht mZm Wm&
6 nM{d{VnydH$ ^JdXmgpVHo$ d^mdgo `wV ^`wma
g`mg:
^pVmJu` `m{YH$ma$n g`mg, {OZ Jmo{nH$mAm|H$s bmoH$doX`mJnydH$ gdm^mddmbr ^pVH$s ^mdZm H$aVo hE {H$`m OmVm h, dh
Jmo{nH$mAm|H$m n[a`mJ Z Vmo Aml$n h Ama Z dY hr& MVwWml$n
g`mg Ho$db ~mU nwfHo${bE hr {d{hV h, A~mU `m p`m|Ho${bE Zht&
Jmo{nH$mAm|H$m `mJ AVEd {H$gr em{d{Ygo o[aV Z Wm {H$Vw CZHo$ {MmH$s
^JdXoH$VmZVmgo `wV Wm& CZH$s ^JdXmgpVHo$ d^mdH$m ghO A Wm&
d` ^JdmZZo CZHo$ Bg AZwamJybH$ n[a`mJH$m dUZ BZ eXm||
18
{H$`m h-""Vm: ZH$m mUm XW} `VX{hH$m: ò `VbmoH$YmM

XW}'' dVwV: Jmo{nH$mAm|H$m `mJ Ho$db o^mdgo {dde hmoH$a {H$`m J`m
`mJ Wm& `mJH$m `h H$ma ~hV Xwb^ h
7. kmZmW g`mg:
nwpQ>mJu` OrdHo${bE kmZmW g`mg ~hV bm^H$mar Zht hmoVm& kmZmW
g`mg boZogo nhbo nydmlHo$ doXm``Z, XmZ, `k Am{X H$V`m|mam {MmH$mo
ew H$aZm Amd`H$ hmoVm h& A`Wm Ho$db `mJ `m dam` go {Mmew{
H${b`wJ| e` Zht h& Omo bmoJ Bg VahH$m {d{d{Xfmg`mg H${b`wJ| boVo
h, `m Vmo Ch| ~mX| nN>VmZm nS>Vm h Ama/A`Wm do g`mgH$m nmfS>
H$aZo| Xj hmo OmVo h& AVEd Zw{V (6&34-37) | H$hm J`m h {H$
""AmlmXml Jdm hVhmomo {OVop`: {^jm~{bn[almV: dOo` dYVo,
F$Um{Z r`nmH$` Zmo mojo {ZdoeòV, AZnmH$` moj Vw godmZmo dO`Y:,
AZYr` {Omo doXmZ AZwnm VWm gwVmZ A{ZQ>m Md `kM moj{N>Z
dO`Y:''&
Hw$N> bmoJ H$hVo h {H$ `h A{daV {d{d{XfwH$s {ZXm h, {daV {d{d{XfwH$s
Zht& `hm {dMmaUr` `hr h {H$ mojoN>mgo g`mg boZoH$m {ZfoY {H$`m Om
ahm h Ama mojoN>m dam`Ho$ Abmdm Ama `m hmo gH$Vr h? F$U`Ho$
AnmH$aUHo$ {~Zm {Mmew{ g^d Zht-Aew {Mm| kmZ, dam` pWa Zht
hmo gH$Vo-AV: Eogm|Ho$mam {b`m J`m g`mg nMmmmn AWdm nmfS> | hr
n`d{gV hmoVm h&
`h ~mV g^r VahHo$ Ordm|na bmJy hmoVr h, AV: nwpQ>mJu` Ordm|na ^r
lrhm^w AVEd nQ> {ZfoY H$aVo h-""VmX kmZo Z g`goV'' kmZmpVHo$
{Z{m g`mg Zht boZm Mm{hò#B*#A
kmZmoma g`mg:
kmZmoma g`mg d^mdmV hmoVm h dam` H$Q> hmoZona& AVEd EVXW
Amkm Zht {H$Vw AZwk m Cn{ZfX { V nwa mU Am{X| {bVr hr h&
Om~mbmon{ZfX|-""`{X doVaWm&&& `Xhaod {daOoV VXhaod dOoV'' dMZ|
`hr kmZmoma g`mg {dd{jV h&
{$a ^r nwpQ>mJu` Ordm|Ho${bE Bg H$maHo$ kmZmoma g`mgH$s, CgHo$
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17
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19
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21
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22
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24
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25
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27
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31
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