Ket luan

Ket luan

rong na the ky qua, vi s no lc cua at nc cung vi s hp tac quoc te, nhieu ty ong ngoai te va ong Viet Nam a c au t trong tm kiem, tham do va khai thac dau kh Viet Nam. Bc tranh tong the ve a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam a ro net hn. Viet Nam nam trong khu vc co cau truc a chat phc tap, chu anh hng cua nhieu yeu to kien tao c hanh tinh va khu vc trong suot qua trnh lch s a chat cua no t co en hien ai. Cac bien co a chat ke tiep nhau a pha huy hoac che phu hoac lam m cac cau truc va thanh he a chat c hnh thanh trc o, lam cho viec khoi phuc bc tranh xa - cac ban o co (paleomaps) - tr nen kho khan. Cac be tram tch Kainozoi Viet Nam cung co mot lch s phat trien a chat tng t vi cac be khac ong Nam A t Eocen en ngay nay. Moi trng tram tch va quy luat phan bo dau kh trong cac be b chi phoi bi cac hoat ong kien tao trong khu vc (va cham, hut chm gia cac mang thach quyen, gian ay Bien ong), cung nh s dao ong cua mc nc ai dng ac biet vao Oligocen - Miocen. Be tram tch Song Hong bao gom co mien vong Ha Noi va phan Trung Tam vnh Bac Bo la mot be keo toac theo c che cang ngang vao Oligocen nhng b ep
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ngang vao Miocen muon phan Bac be Song Hong tao ra nghch ao kien tao. Be Song Hong co hai tang sinh quan trong la a me Oligocen va Miocen di vi kerogen loai III la chu yeu, phan ln a qua ngng tao dau va nam trong ngng sinh kh. mien vong Ha Noi cac a cha kha a dang t cat ket Oligocen, Miocen en carbonat nt ne, hang hoc Paleozoi. phan trung tam be tram tch Miocen tren - Pliocen lai co ong rong va tham tot. phan Nam be cac a cha la cat ket Oligocen, Miocen di va carbonat Miocen. a chan mien vong Ha Noi la cac tap set ket, set - bot ket Oligocen, cac tap set ket, set - bot ket, set than, than - set Miocen; nhng nhieu ni b pha v do he thong t gay hoat ong trong Oligocen va Miocen. ngoai khi vnh Bac Bo a chan la cac tap set Oligocen va Miocen. pha Nam be cac tap set day Miocen tren - Pliocen di la cac tap chan tot. Be co 8 vung oi tng trien vong chnh la: vung nghch ao kien tao Miocen, vung cac cau tao diapir, vung cac oi tng song ngam, quat ngam va turbidit, vung cau tao b vui lap va mong carbonat, vung bay a tang, vung khoi xoay t gay Oligocen, vung cau tao vom Oligocen - Miocen ke tha cac khoi nho mong va vung cau tao khoi xay carbonat. Tiem nang chu yeu la kh cua be kha ln nhng pha Nam kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

co thanh phan CO2 tng oi cao. Be Phu Khanh la mot be keo toac noi luc kieu ra thu ong, chu anh hng c che cang ngang, c hnh thanh trong Oligocen. Do them luc a hep, sn luc a tng oi doc va lan ve pha bien ong t Miocen en hien tai nen phan ln be nam vung nc sau. a me co the la cac tap set am ho va tap than tuoi Oligocen; cac a bot ket, set nen Miocen di, a set va bun Miocen gia. a cha la mong nt ne trc Kainozoi, cat ket Oligocen, Miocen - Pliocen va carbonat Miocen. Bay dau kh la cac cau tao dang vom, ban vom ke t gay, cac am tieu san ho, bay thach hoc, a tang va hon hp. phan cc ong cua be Phu Khanh vi mc nc sau tren 1.000m co kha nang ton tai cac lp hydrat metan, mot nguon nang lng cua tng lai. Be Cu Long la be cang gian noi luc sau cung, be kieu rift noi luc ien hnh chu anh hng c che thuc troi cua a khoi Kon Tum do hoat ong cua cac t gay trt bang ln nh Song Hong, Song Hau va Three Pagodas. be nay giai oan cang gian keo dai t Eocen(?) - Oligocen en Miocen sm vi thi ky au co tram tch aluvi, ve sau la tram tch ho. T Miocen gia en nay la giai oan sut lun nhiet bnh on, chu nhieu anh hng cua moi trng bien. Phan at lien la trung Cu Long, mot tam giac chau ien hnh vao Miocen muon - Pliocen. He tang Ca Coi, Tra Cu ngheo vat chat hu c nen tiem nang dau kh han che. Con phan them luc a, be Cu Long co ba tang a me la cac a set, set ket, set bot ket Oligocen - Eocen(?), Oligocen tren va Miocen di. a me Miocen di co
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chu yeu kerogen loai III, xen ke loai II. a me Oligocen tren co kerogen chu yeu loai II, th yeu loai I va t hn la loai III. a me Oligocen di Eocen(?) chu yeu kerogen loai II, th yeu loai III va t hn la loai I. a cha la a mong nt ne trc Kainozoi, cat ket Oligocen, Miocen di, a phun trao Oligocen. a chan la tang set Rotalid Miocen sm; cac tang chan a phng la set, set bot trong Oligocen di, tren va Miocen di. Bay dau kh la cac dang cau tao ke tha mong, man chan kien tao (pho bien trong Oligocen va Miocen di), bay hon hp (a tang va man chan kien tao), bay khoi mong nt ne, bay phi cau tao (vat nhon a tang, doi cat, long song co). Viec tm thay nhieu dau trong mong phong hoa nt ne trc Kainozoi be Cu Long la mot phat hien oc ao, mot oi tng cha dau kh hoan toan mi Viet Nam va trong khu vc. Be Cu Long la mot trong cac be tram tch ln cha dau kh trong khu vc, chu yeu la dau, gan 70% tap trung mong trc Kainozoi, 18% trong Oligocen, tren 11% trong Miocen. Be Nam Con Sn la be cang gian dang rift ra luc a, hnh thanh trong Eocen Oligocen va chu tac ong cua cang gian ay Bien ong. Giai oan cang gian keo dai t Oligocen en Miocen gia vi tram tch aluvi, song va am ho, song va ong bang ven bien va bien nong. T Miocen gia en nay tram tch co tng bien. a me la set than, set bot Oligocen vi kerogen loai II, III sinh dau kh va tram tch set bot Miocen sm vi kerogen loai III sinh kh. a cha la mong phong hoa nt ne Mesozoi; cat ket Oligocen - Miocen va Pliocen sm;

Ket luan

carbonat Miocen gia-muon. a chan a phng la cac tram tch hat mn nam xen trong cac phc he tram tch co tuoi khac nhau, a chan khu vc la tang set day, trai rong tuoi Pliocen sm. Cac bay dau kh rat a dang: khoi t gay nt ne, vom ke t gay, nep loi cuon, hnh hoa, cau tao a tang, khoi xay carbonat, thau knh cat v.v Be Nam Con Sn la mot be ln cha dau kh chu yeu la kh. Be Malay - Tho Chu la mot be keo toac, chu anh hng cua hai he thong t gay trt bang Three Pagoga (trt bang trai) va Ranong (trt bang phai) vi c che trt bang cang ngang vao Oligocen, tiep theo giai oan sut lun nhiet trong Miocen, va b ep ngang vao Miocen gia - muon, tao ra nghch ao kien tao. a me la cac tram tch am ho Oligocen, Miocen sm va tram tch song - chau tho Miocen gia va muon chu yeu kerogen loai II. a cha la cac tap cat ket Oligocen muon, Miocen sm, Miocen gia va co the la a mong nt ne phong hoa trc Kainozoi. a chan la cac tap set bien Oligocen, Miocen di va Pliocen - e t. Ngoai ra con co man chan kien tao. Cac bay dau kh rat a dang: cau tao va phi cau tao, phan ln ke ap t gay. phan be thuoc them luc a Tay Nam Viet Nam co ca dau va kh nhng thien ve kh, nhieu ni co ham lng kh CO2 cao. Be T Chnh - Vung May la be co ranh gii cha ro, co the la phan keo dai trong vung nc sau cua be Nam Con Sn chuyen tiep t phan rift en phan ra thu ong trong khu vc Trng Sa. Giai oan cang gian m au bang cac ban a hao theo phng tay bac - ong nam co le vao cuoi Eocen (?) - Oligocen, sau o hnh thanh nhng
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a hao gan vi bien ong. a me co the la than, set than Oligocen, moi trng bien va am ho vi kerogen loai II/III; la set ket Miocen sm va Miocen gia moi trng bien. a cha co the la granit phong hoa nt ne trc Kainozoi, cat ket Oligocen - Miocen, a voi Miocen gia - muon va Pliocen sm. a chan khu vc co the la tap set bien Miocen sm, Pliocen - e T; cac tap set, set voi nam xen ke trong Oligocen, Miocen sm, Miocen muon co the la cac tang chan a phng. Bay dau kh co the la cac khoi t gay kien tao, mong phong hoa nt ne, cac bay a tang, cac khoi xay carbonat. Be T Chnh - Vung May c d bao co tiem nang dau kh, co the gap kh CO2 co ham lng cao. Be Hoang Sa la be cang gian kieu ra thu ong, chu anh hng cua gian ay Bien ong a ve pha Bac. ac trng bi cac a hao Eocen - Oligocen lap ay tram tch co tng luc a va c phu bi tram tch bien nong va bien sau t Miocen en nay. a me co the la cac tap set ket, bot ket Oligocen va Miocen. a cha la cat ket Oligocen, Miocen va carbonat Miocen sm gia. Cac tang set bien sau Miocen gia co the la tang chan khu vc, con cac tap set Oligocen la cac tang chan a phng. Cac bay dau kh la mong phong hoa nt ne, cac cau tao vom, ban vom, cac lp phu ke tha mong nho cao, cac than cat va quat ngam, cac cau tao carbonat dang them va am tieu Miocen. Nhom be Trng Sa la nhom be cang gian kieu ra thu ong, chu anh hng cua gian ay bien ong a ve pha Nam. ac trng bi cac a hao Eocen - Oligocen

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

tram tch co tng luc a, ven b va b phu bi tram tch bien nong va bien sau t Miocen en nay. a me co the la cac tap set, bot ket Paleogen; cac tap set ket, bot ket Miocen sm vi kerogen loai III chu yeu sinh kh. a cha co the la cat ket Paleogen, Miocen, carbonat dang am tieu nhat la am tieu Miocen muon. a chan co the la tap set tng bien sau. Cac bay dau kh la cac nep loi tuoi t Miocen en Pliocen, cac nep loi cuon va cac cau tao phat trien ke tha t cac khoi nho co. Hien nay tong tr lng va tai nguyen dau kh co kha nang thu hoi cua cac be tram tch e Tam Viet Nam tnh en 3112-2004 khoang 4.300 trieu tan quy dau, a phat hien 1.208,89 trieu tan quy dau. Tr lng dau kh co kha nang thng mai la 814,7 trieu tan quy dau, trong o co 402 trieu tan dau, 18 trieu tan condensat, 324,8 ty m kh khong ong hanh, 69,9 ty m kh
3 3

Carbon Permi mien vong Ha Noi a at lai van e la can quan tam ung mc en tm kiem tham do dau kh cac be tram tch trc Kainozoi. Trong be Mesozoi Song a cac tap set voi, a voi he tang ong Giao, Nam Tham; cac tap set than, than he tang Suoi Bang co kha nang sinh dau kh. Cac a voi, a voi - dolomit he tang Yen Duyet, ong Giao co the la cac tang cha tot. Con tang chan la cac tang tram tch luc nguyen Mesozoi muon. Cac bay dau kh co the la cac khoi nho carbonat nt ne, hang hoc va cac dang bay a tang. Trong be Mesozoi An Chau cac a set - voi, voi - set Devon; cac tap set, set than Nori - Reti v.v co kha nang sinh dau kh. Cac a carbonat Paleozoi nt ne, hang hoc; cac a vun Mesozoi co kha nang cha dau kh. Cac tap phien set, set voi, set than thuoc lp phu e Tam co kha nang chan. Cac bay dau kh co the la cac khoi nho co a hnh cua mong carbonat Paleozoi b chon vui di ay be Mesozoi, hac cac bay vom thuoc cac nep loi. Tay Bnh Tr Thien la pha ong cua be tram tch Mesozoi Khorat Savanakhet, ni a phat hien c ca kh lan dau trong vun tram tch Mesozoi va mong carbonat nt ne Paleozoi. Tay Nam Bo la mot phan cau truc thuoc Sundaland, ni a phat hien nhieu mo dau kh chu yeu trong be e Tam vnh Thai Lan, trong o co mo dau Nangnuan trong a voi Permi thuoc mong cua be Chunphon. Cac tap set, set than Mesozoi; cac tap set voi, voi Paleozoi co kha nang sinh dau kh. Cac a voi nt ne, hang hoc Permi (he tang Ha Tien), a vun cat ket Mesozoi (he tang Phu
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ong hanh. Nhng bieu hien dau kh c phat hien ngay t au the ky 20 la nam trong cac a Paleozoi (Nui Lch - Yen Bai), Mesozoi (co y kien cho la e Tam) (Nam Un, Sai Lng - Sn La), nhng viec tm kiem tham do dau kh trong cac be tram tch trc Kainozoi lai c trien khai rat t. V vay, tai nguyen dau kh trc Kainozoi con la mot an so. Cac phat hien kh hydrocarbon va condensat trong tram tch Mesozoi thuoc be Savanakhet, be Vien Chan (Lao), mo kh Nam Phong trong mong carbonat Paleozoi thuoc be Mesozoi Khorat (Thai Lan), cung nh phat hien co tnh bc ngoat la dau trong mong phong hoa nt ne mot loat cac mo trong be Cu Long, Nam Con Sn, ke ca phat hien dau trong a carbonat

Ket luan

Quoc) co kha nang cha, cac a hat mn Kainozoi la cac lp phu chan kha tot. Ngoai ra kh metan cua cac be tram tch cha than Trias la mot tai nguyen ln can c quan tam tham do va khai thac. T dong kh thien nhien c khai thac au tien mo Tien Hai C (Thai Bnh) en tan dau tho au tien khai thac t mo Bach Ho (be Cu Long) en nay a khai thac c tren 180 trieu tan dau tho, gan 40 ty met khoi kh t nhieu mo dau kh tren them luc a Viet Nam. Mot thanh qua rat ln, nhng van con nho so vi tiem nang tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam. Hy vong se con phat hien c nhieu mo mi va khai thac dau kh c nhieu hn. e chuyen tiem nang dau kh thanh tr lng dau kh, e tiep tuc duy tr san lng khai thac dau kh on nh, khong co con ng nao khac la phai tiep tuc au t cho tm kiem, tham do nhng ni cha phat hien, nhng vung nc sau, xa b, nhng vung rng nui. c biet chien lc tm kiem, tham do va khai thac dau kh Viet Nam a c trnh duyet, trong o a nhan manh can phai tang cng au t cho cong tac nghien cu khoa hoc - cong nghe trong tm kiem, tham do va khai thac dau kh. Hien nay chung ta a co nhieu hieu biet hn ve a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam, nhng van khong t van e con cha ro rang, tham ch la khong biet. Do o phai au t nghien cu khong ch cac van e khoa hoc cong nghe ng dung ma con ca khoa hoc c ban trong lnh vc a chat dau kh. Tai lieu a chat dau kh vi khoi lng o so, tr gia tien cc ln, lng thong tin cha trong no vo cung phong phu can c
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khai thac triet e. Cac nha a chat dau kh co the phoi hp cung cac nha kien tao nghien cu cac van e kien tao lien quan chat che en s hnh thanh phat trien cac be tram tch, en tng mo, tng va dau kh cu the (nh cac van e lien quan en trc tao rift, ong tao rift, sau tao rift cua cac be tram tch, hoac nh xac nh thi gian thay oi chieu trt bang cua t gay Song Hong v.v). Cac van e ve xac nh ranh gii cac be tram tch (chang han be Song Hong, be Phu Khanh, be Nam Con Sn v.v), ve co sinh a tang (chang han nh he tang Phu Tien tuoi Eocen hay Creta - Paleogen? He tang Nam Un - Sai Lng tuoi e Tam hay Mesozoi?.., ngay ca tuoi cua tap set Rotalid cung con co y kien khac nhau), ve co a ly, co moi trng cua cac tap a sinh, cha, chan v.v, cac van e ve a hoa dau kh, H2S, hoac s co mat hydrat metan vung nc sau bien ong? la nhng van e co rat thc tien. Rat can nang cao chat lng thu no a chan va x ly tai lieu e co the nghien cu cac tang sau mien vong Ha Noi (nh mat cat tram tch Oligocen), hoac nh cac i nt ne trong mong trc Kainozoi (nh mong cac mo trong be Cu Long, be Nam Con Sn v.v) nham mo hnh hoa va mo phong hoa mo chnh xac. Ngoai ra cung can tm hieu, nghien cu tien hanh cong tac a vat ly cac vung rng nui khi tm kiem, tham do dau kh cac be tram tch trc Kainozoi, chac chan cong nghe va ky thuat khac nhieu vi a vat ly bien. Cung can th nghiem phng phap a chan 4D tnh ly thuyet c ban nhng lai mang tnh ke ca nguon goc, quy luat tch tu kh CO2,

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

trong khai thac. Ngay viec nghien cu khai thac dau trong cac vi lo rong, vi khe nt khong lien thong cung oi hoi phai nghien cu sau ly thuyet dong chay cac moi trng khong lien tuc v.v Ngoai viec nang cao hieu qua cua viec bm ep nc, gaslift, viec tiep tuc nang cao he so thu hoi dau cac mo ang giam san lng khai thac e tan thu dau cung tng ng vi viec tm ra va khai thac cac mo mi. Cac cong nghe, ky thuat khai thac cac mo nho, mo can thng mai, cac mo vung nc sau xa b v.v, cac

mo co nhieu kh CO2 cung can c xuc tien nghien cu. Cung khong the bo quen nghien cu cac giai phap bao ve long at, bao ve mo, bao ve moi trng sinh thai khi tien hanh tham do, khai thac dau kh. Long at Viet Nam tiep tuc oi hoi nhng ngi lam dau kh Viet Nam co nhng bc i manh me, thong minh, sang tao trong kham pha va chinh phuc cac mo dau kh mi e am bao an ninh nang lng cho s nghiep xay dng va phat trien at nc.

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