NON-EQUATORIAL OTEC APPLICATIONS WILLIAM H.

KUMM PRESIDENT, AEL

April 27, 2005 ENERGY OCEAN CONFERENCE
Washington Convention Center, D.C.

Pg.6-3

NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY MAY 2001, Pg. 6-3 ENDING THE ENERGY STALEMATE DEC 2004,
Pg. 65

AND THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY,

ARE ALL, SURPRISINGLY, USING VERY NARROW MINDED THINKING, BECAUSE:

THE CONUS HAS AN OCEAN ON THREE SIDES, AND THE SUN SHINES ON THESE OCEANS AS WELL.

DONT DO THIS, DO OTEC INSTEAD

AT-SEA OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (OTEC) PLANT-SHIPS CAN UNIQUELY CAPTURE SOLAR ENERGY 24 HOURS PER DAY
ON-LAND SOLAR CAPTURE IS ONLY 33% EFFICIENT (8/24 HOURS)

CONSIDER SOUTHERN CALIFORNIAS NEEDS LARGE INCREASES IN CLEAN AIR ELECTRICITY LARGE INCREASES IN POTABLE WATER BY DESALINATION

SATISFYING CA NEEDS:
HYDROGEN IS THE CLEANEST FUEL FOR BOTH ELECTRIC UTILITIES & AUTOMOBILES AT-SEA OTEC DESALINATED WATER, PLUS HYDROGEN FUEL (SHIPPED AS AMMONIA BY TANKERS), HAVE NO COASTAL ZONE IMPACTS

A 1 9 8 0 S T U D Y

TURBINE GENERATOR

NH3

POWER TO BALANCE OF PLANT AND ELECTROLYZER

CHARGE

NH3 EVAPORATOR
DISCHARGE

CONDENSER

NH3

CLOSED-CYCLE OTEC POWER MODULE

WARM SEAWATER

STAGE 1

STAGE 2

STAGE 3

STAGE 4

COLD SEAWATER

Schematic Flow Diagram for a Hybrid-Cycle At-Sea OTEC Water Plant

Per T. Rabas, C. Panchal and L. Genens, Argonne National Laboratory, DOE, 1991

MULTISTAGE FLASH EVAPORATOR

PRODUCT WATER

SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

AT-SEA GRAZING PLANTSHIP ROUTE-FLEXIBLE PRODUCT TANKER LANDSIDE OPERATION
PLANTSHIP (PS) OPERATIONS PS CREW ROTATION

II

P S & TANKER CREW ROTATIONS

PRODUCT TANKER OPERATIONS

II

SYSTEM CREW OPERATIONS

Warm Surface Water kWh OTEC CLOSED LOOP POWER PLANT kWh kWh WARM SURFACE WATER kWh PUMP COLD DEEP WATER PUMP COLD WATER PIPE (CWP) Deep Cold Water

NITROSELF POWER & kWh GEN FIX FROM HOTEL ATMOS. LOADS Cooling ELECTROLYZER N2

SELF PROP. POWER PLANT Boil-Off Heat $ Income (UNLOAD PUMP) UNLOAD TERM.

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

H2 O2

AMMONIA SYNTH. & NH 3 CRYO. TANKS

II

LOAD & UNLOAD PUMP

PRODUCT CRYOGEN. TANKS

II

PIPE $ Income

ELECT. UTILITY & DISTRIB. kWh WATER DISTRIB. AGENCY

Heat STAGED FLASH EVAPORATOR Brine

FR. WATER STORAGE H2O TANKS

II

LOAD & UNLOAD PUMP

FRESH WATER TANKS

(UNLOAD PUMP)

II

UNLOAD TERM.

PIPE Potable Water

042205 AEL

OTEC PLANT SHIPS ARE TSUNAMI WAVE IMPERVIOUS. COASTLINE FACILITEES ARE NOT.

AN ENERGY COMMODITY IN TRANSIT TO CONUS MARKETS

At - 258C

CAPITAL INVESTMENT $/DWT OR OPERATING COST $/DWT DELIVERED

CRYOGENIC BULK TRANSPORT

NON-CRYO. TRANSPORT

At - 95C

At - 33C

At +15C

L [H2]

L [CH4] or LNG

L [NH3]

L [H2O] or WATER

TYPE OF SHIP / COMMODITY DELIVERED

ENERGY MACRO-ECONOMIC COMPARISON

1. LNG IMPORTS
FOREIGN SOURCE FOREIGN SHIPS FOREIGN CREWS FLAG-OF-CONVENIENCE REGISTRY

MANY NEGATIVES
FEW CONUS JOBS $ BALANCE OF PAYMENTS STRATEGIC DEPENDENCE NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

2. OTEC SYSTEMS
DOMESTIC SOURCE DOMESTIC SHIPS DOMESTIC CREWS LIMITLESS CAPACITY NH3 COMMERCE IS ROUTINE 2NH3 + Heat
N2 + 3H2

MANY POSITIVES
RENEWABLE - SOLAR DRIVEN US SHIPYARDS JONES ACT SHIPS HYDROGEN ECONOMY BULK TRANSPORT MULTIPLE CARGOES H2O, NH3 & O2 BACKS OUT FOREIGN CRUDE & LNG PROMOTES ENERGY INDEPENDENCE

INCLUDING HYDROGEN TRANSPORT AS AMMONIA

AT-SEA SOLARDRIVEN OCEAN DESALINATION AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

2005

THE H2
TEC

SYSTEM

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