Lycophyta. Selaginella. L-sec. of strobilus.

Pointed: megasporangium w/ megaspores

Pteridophyta. C-sec of the sori. (sporangium) Showing spores. Fern

Pteridophyta. Fern prothallus. Pointed: archegonium

Pteridophyta. Fern prothallus w/ emerging young sporophyte

Pteridophyta. Fern prothallus. Pointed: antherdidium

Lycophyta. L-sec of strobilus. Megasporangium w/ megaspores. Pointed: ligule

Pteridophyta. Fern w/ develop sporangiophyte (upper) and gametophyte (lower)

Pollen grain (microspore) of Pine.

Sphenophyta. L-sec of strobilus (male) w/ microsporangium inside are microspores.

Pteridophyta. Fern leaf w/ sporangia.

Gymnosperm. Phylum Cycadophyta Megasporophyll of Cycas circinalis

Gymnosperm Cycadophyta. Phylum Cycadophyta Cycas revolveta. Male cone Cycas (oliva) Frond leaf circinalis Pitogo

Pterophyta. Circinate venetaion. (leaf development)

Cycadophyta. Zamia heterophylla. Male cone

Cycadophyta. Frond-leaf. Cycas circinalis (pitogo)

Gymnosperm. Gnetophyta. Gnetum gnemon

Ginkgophyta. Ginkgo biloba leaves (dichotomous veins and frond)

Cycadophyta. Catapyll of Cycas

Cycadophyta. Cataphyll (non-chlorophyllous leaves) Cycas circinalis

Gymnosperm. Gnetophyta. Male cone Ginkgo seeds Of Ephedra.

Herba Ephedrae. Ephedra vulgaris var. Helvetica

Sphenophyta. Mature saprophyte w/ cones or strobilus Psilophyta. Mature sporophyte of Tmesipteria Equisetum Lycophyta. Lycopodium cernuum. with bilobed sporangia rammossissimum. Clubmoss (horsetail) Note: strobili/terminal end

Psilophyta. Psilotum midum. Vegetative portion. Note: dichotomous branching

Lycophyta. Huperzia

Sphenophyta. Equisetum rammossissimum (horsetail)

Coniferophyta. Araucaria heterophylla Gymnosperm. Coniferophyta. Winged seeds of Pinus insularis

Coniferophyta. Pinus insularis (Benguet pine). Podocarpous branch Short branch w/ 3 Needle-like leaves.

Araucaria bidwilii Norfolk island pine Scale-like leaves

Female cone of pine

Gymnosperm. Coniferophyta. Cryptomeria japonica. Japanese cedar. Scale-like leaves

Coniferophyta. Araucaria bidwilii Mature branch

Coniferphyta. Pine male cone

Gymnosperm. Coniferophyta. female cone of Podocarpus.

Coniferophyta. Male cone w/ thousands of spores. (bottom of bottle)

Gymnosperm. Gymnosperm. Lycophyta. Selaginella. With 4 rows of Coniferophyta. Coniferophyta. leaves. 2 lateral. 2 dorsal. Terminal end Short branch & female Female cone of strobilus cone. Pinus mugoPicea pungens. Spruce mugo

Pterophyta. Adiantum Pterophyta. Nephrolepis hirsutula (maiden hair fern) (alolokdo) Note: underside of sori (aggregate of sporangia)

Pterophyta. Ophioglossum. (Adders tongue fern)

Pterophyta. Nephrolepsis cordifolia. (common sword fern) Note: underside of fertile frond are sori

Pterophyta. Fern fertile frond (leaf) with sori (sporangia) with spores

Pterophyta. Salvinia. Water fern

Pterophyta. Angiopteris palmiformis. (pakong kalabaw)

Pterophyta. Pterophyta. Fern with sori. Asplenium. (birds Note: dichotomous veins Nest fern) upper Lycophyta. Huperzia -lower. Dichotomous & epiphytic habit

Pterophyta. Ferns. L-sec of a sorus.

Mature sporophyte w/ Psilophyta. Whiskfern. Psilotum planatum triloculed sporangium Psilophyta. Psilotum nuduum. Whiskfern