VAV Systems: Jeff Wotnosky

VAV Systems
Jeff Wotnosky
Trane Sales Engineer Raleigh, North Carolina
American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved
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Version: 9/00
VAV systems
Agenda
What is Variable Air Volume (VAV) Why(/Not) design VAV systems What buildings utilize VAV VAV system types and their components
Changeover Bypass ( Varitrac) True VAV ( Varitrane) Single Zone VAV
System control considerations Leed and VAV Questions?
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What is Variable Air Volume(VAV) ?
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VAV System
Air handler/Packaged Unit
supply ductwork
supply-air diffusers
return ductwork VAV terminal units building automation system (BAS)
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Characterstics of VAV systems

Constant air temperature off AC Unit Vary the air volume as load requires
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Why use VAV?
Provides multiple zones of comfort Life cycle cost will be less than other HVAC Systems trying to accomplish similar comfort levels Load diversity
Smaller equipment ( lower AC unit first cost compared to Constant Volume) Less supply air ( less energy consumption)
Able to adapt to changes in building use
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Why Not ??
Higher first cost than comparable single zone

Controls, equipment, commissioning
Increased maintenance cost

More pieces to look after Terminal units might be located in occupied space
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Common places to use VAV systems

Commercial/Medical Office buildings Schools ( all levels) Houses of worship Conference Centers
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VAV System Types
Changeover Bypass (Varitrac) True VAV (Varitrane) Single Zone VAV
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VariTrac Changeover / Bypass System
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What is VariTrac?
Cost Effective way to zone Standard packaged Rooftop units or Split Systems Often Driven by Light Commercial contractors:
Used to Package Rooftop Equipment Desire somewhat simple installations and want to get on and off the job quickly. Want to get a little more flexibility than their typical applications
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Changeover/Bypass VAV System Layout

RA EA
bypass damper
PA
OA VariTrac Constant volume damper Supply fan
SA
VAV to space
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Where would you use VariTrac?

Ideal candidates for VariTrac Systems are:
one-story office buildings, clinics, movie theaters, strip malls, light manufacturing centers. Examples are offices within a church, school, or manufacturing facility seeking individual (zoned) temperature control.
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Light Commerical RTU
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Light Commercial Split System
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VariTrac Changeover Bypass System

Main unit options: -Voyager or Precedent RTU (ReliaTel) -Odyssey Split System (ReliaTel) -Existing Non-DDC w/opt. relay board (CCP)
VaiTrac or VariTrane Units with reheat
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VariTrac Dampers
Cooling only standard Trane Controller
Factory-installed, downloaded, and tested controller Remote reheat control
Round or Rectangular Airside

Pressure Dependent System (damper position control- no direct CFM measurement) Up to 1.75 system pressure
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Central Control Panel

Self-Configuring
High Quality Installation Repeatable Performance
Up to 24 Zones Optional touch screen user interface PC-Free Setup for basic functions Simple PC interface with Windows based software Interfaces with Main AHU via 2H/2C Control Scheduling
2 Start/Stop Times Schedule 4 Groups of Zones
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How is changeover achieved?

Voting CCP polls UCMs
On a minimum calls for changeover the CCP will disable heat or cool and enable heat or cool CCP then communicates to UCMs new control mode and UCMs control to different setpoints
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True VAV System (Varitrane)

Air handler/Packaged Unit
supply ductwork
supply-air diffusers
return ductwork VAV terminal units building automation system (BAS)
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True Variable-Air-Volume System

RA
EA
supply fan
OA cooling coil variablespeed drive thermostat
PA
VAV box
SA
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VAV Terminal Units

Fan-powered VAV terminal unit
Single-duct, coolingonly VAV terminal unit

Dual-duct VAV terminal unit

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VCCF
Single duct
Cooling only No auxiliary heat
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VCCF
primary air
supply air
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VCWF
Single Duct w/hot water reheat
Hot Water Coils
1 & 2 row coils Built in access panel for cleaning
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VCWF
supply air
primary air
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VCEF
Single duct w/electric reheat
8 different voltages Up to 3 stages of heat Interlocking door disconnect Heater line fuse Magnetic or mercury contactors Element removal through control enclosure
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Terminal Reheat System

RA
EA
PA
OA cooling supply coil fan SA thermostat reheat coil
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Fan-Powered VAV
parallel, fan-powered VAV terminal unit
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Parallel, Fan-Powered
plenum air primary air terminal mixing fan
supply air
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Parallel Fan-Powered VAV

heating coil (second stage of heat)
cool primary air from rooftop unit warm air recirculated from ceiling plenum (first stage of heat)
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Series, Fan-Powered
(Electrically Commutated Motors ECMs )
primary air
terminal mixing fan
plenum air
supply air
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Parallel vs. Series

Intermittent fan
Fan only runs in the heat mode (Variable Volume to the space) Fan is the first stage of heat Fan CFM < Max Cooling Most energy efficient design Sound in space will vary
Continuous fan
Fan runs continuously in the occupied mode (constant volume to the space) Fan CFM = Max Cooling Less energy efficient system design Smaller main supply fan? ECM Motors Sound remains same
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fan-powered VAV
Series Versus Parallel

140
HVAC energy consumption, % of base
120
100
80
60
40
Atlanta
Los Angeles
parallel FPVAV
Minneapolis
series FPVAV with ECM
VAV reheat
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Fan Powered Units: Cooling Only

Plenum Air provides free reheat from lights, etc.
Parallel units (only when fan energized) Series (increases as air valve closes)
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Fan Powered Units: Cooling with Hot Water Reheat

Model VPWF/LPWF (Parallel)
Reheat coil mounted on plenum inlet (optional discharge)
Model VSWF, LSWF (Series)

Reheat coil mounted on discharge
Coil Offerings
1 Row 2 Row
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Fan Powered Units: Cooling with Electric Reheat

Model VPEF / LPEF(Parallel)
Discharge mounted UL listed
Model VSEF/ LSEF (Series)

Discharge mounted UL listed
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Fan Powered Units: Electric Heater Options

8 different voltages 2 stages of heat (plus the fan as stage 1) Interlocking door disconnect Heater line fuse Air flow switch Magnetic or mercury contactors
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Differences between VariTrac and VariTrane

VariTrac
Used in Smaller buildings seeking cost-effective zone control Simpler System Control Less expensive than VariTrane Smaller Constant Volume AHU/RTU (Typically 15 tons or less) Up to 24 zones Pressure Dependent
VariTrane
Used in Larger Buildings seeking ideal occupant comfort Very Flexible System Control (more complex sequences) Larger Variable Volume AHU/RTU equipment (up to 130 Tons) Up to 120+ zones 30% fan energy savings over CV Pressure Independent
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VAV System Types
Single Zone VAV
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Single Zone VAV AHU is your VAV Box !!
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Application for Single Zone VAV
Large areas ( conference rooms, assembly halls)

Control air flow off room sensor
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Controls
Unit controls
System controls
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Unit Controls
Pneumatic Controls - about 5% (PN**) No- controls- field installation of others controllersabout 5% (ENON) Factory Installation of others Controls- about 20% (FM0*) DDC Controls - around 70% (DD**)
Trane DDC (Communicates to a Trane-Trane-Trane System) Trane LonTalk DDC (designed to talk a language which is not proprietary to Trane)
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VAV systems
Optimized System Controls

Optimal start Optimal stop Fan-pressure optimization Supply-air-temperature reset Ventilation optimization
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Optimal Start
system on optimal start system off
occupied heating setpoint unoccupied heating setpoint
occupied hours
mid
6 AM
noon
6 PM
mid
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Optimal Stop
system on system off
occupied heating setpoint unoccupied heating setpoint
optimal stop
occupied hours
drift below occupied setpoint
mid
6 AM
noon
6 PM
mid
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Fan-Pressure Optimization
static pressure sensor supply fan
P
VAV boxes
communicating BAS
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fan-pressure optimization
Part-Load Energy Savings

surge
static pressure
duct static pressure control
fan-pressure optimization airflow

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ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004
Dynamic Reset of OA
May reset OA intake flow (or zone OA flow) in response to:
Variations in zone population (demand-controlled ventilation, or DCV) Variations in ventilation efficiency due to changes in airflow (ventilation reset)
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ventilation optimization
Zone Level: DCV

BAS lounge rest room mech room AHU storage office
CO2
OCC
vestibule
corridor
elevators
TOD
TOD OCC office CO2 conference rm computer room
reception area
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ventilation optimization
System Level: Ventilation Reset

rooftop unit with controls
OA SA RA
Reset outdoor airflow (Traq damper)
CO2
TOD
CO2
OCC
TOD
OCC
communicating BAS New OA setpoint per ASHRAE 62
DDC/VAV terminals Required ventilation (TOD, OCC, CO2) Actual primary airflow (flow sensor)
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rooftop VAV system
HVAC Energy Savings

100
HVAC energy consumption, % of base
80
60
40
20
Atlanta
Los Angeles
Minneapolis
conventional system
optimized controls
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Trane Control Systems Architecture

Tracer Summit
(Workstation Software)
Tracker Building Control Unit AH541 MP580/1 ReliaTel ReliaTel VV550
Central Control Panel 3 ZN517 ZN510/1 ZN524
ZN5XX
MP501/3
Central Control Panel 2
MP503
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VAV systems
Sustaining Performance
Centralized alarming, diagnostics, trending
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VAV systems
Centralized alarming, diagnostics, trending
Building operations, energy management, commissioning, validation
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VAV systems
Centralized alarming, diagnostics, trending Facility management services Periodic commissioning and calibration
parallel, fan-powered VAV terminal unit
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VAV systems
Centralized alarming, diagnostics, trending Facility management services Periodic commissioning and calibration Wireless zone sensors for flexibility
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EA credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance EQ credit 1: Outdoor-Air Delivery Monitoring
TRACE 700 (90.1-2004, App G) Ventilation optimization in Tracer Summit

CO2 sensors only in densely-occupied zones Traq dampers in IntelliPak rooftop unit
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Summary
What is Variable Air Volume (VAV) Why(/Not) design VAV systems What buildings utilize VAV VAV system types and their components
Changeover Bypass ( Varitrac) True VAV ( Varitrane) Single Zone VAV
System control considerations Leed and VAV

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QUESTIONS ??
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THANK YOU
Jeff Wotnosky Trane Company 919-781-0458
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VAV Systems: Jeff Wotnosky

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VAV Systems

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

File Name - Page 1

System control considerations Leed and VAV Questions?

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

File Name - Page 2

What is Variable Air Volume(VAV) ?

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

File Name - Page 3

return ductwork VAV terminal units building automation system (BAS)

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

File Name - Page 4

Characterstics of VAV systems

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

File Name - Page 5

Why use VAV?

Able to adapt to changes in building use

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

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Higher first cost than comparable single zone

Increased maintenance cost

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

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Common places to use VAV systems

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

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VAV System Types

Changeover Bypass (Varitrac) True VAV (Varitrane) Single Zone VAV

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

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VariTrac Changeover / Bypass System

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

File Name - Page 10

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

File Name - Page 11

Changeover/Bypass VAV System Layout

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

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Where would you use VariTrac?

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

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Light Commerical RTU

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

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Light Commercial Split System

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

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VariTrac Changeover Bypass System

VaiTrac or VariTrane Units with reheat

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

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Round or Rectangular Airside

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

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Central Control Panel

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

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How is changeover achieved?

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

True VAV System (Varitrane)

return ductwork VAV terminal units building automation system (BAS)

American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved

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