1. Obtenha no R os resultados apresentados na Tabela 2.2 e na Figura 2.3
utilizando os comandos a seguir. require(survival) tempos<- c(1,2,3,3,3,5,5,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,1,1,1,1,4,5,7,8,10,10,12,16,16 ,16) cens<-c(0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0) grupos<-c(rep(1,15),rep(2,14)) ekm<- survfit(Surv(tempos,cens)~grupos) summary(ekm) plot(ekm, lty=c(2,1), xlab="Tempo (semanas)",ylab="S(t) estimada") legend(1,0.3,lty=c(2,1),c("Controle","Esteride"),lwd=1, bty="n") ## note o que ocorre se for introduzido o comando mark.time = F plot(ekm, lty=c(2,1), mark.time= F, xlab="Tempo (semanas)",ylab="S(t) estimada" ) legend(1,0.3,lty=c(2,1),c("Controle","Esteride"),lwd=1, bty="n") 2. Descubra mais informaes sobre os I.C de S(t) usando o help do R, isto : > help(survfit) Obs: leia o que diz em conf.type e rode os comandos a seguir notando as diferenas nos resultados obtidos ekm<- survfit(Surv(tempos,cens)~grupos, conf.type="plain") summary(ekm) ekm<- survfit(Surv(tempos,cens)~grupos, conf.type="log-log") summary(ekm) 3. Obtenha os resultados da Tabela 2.3 utilizando os comandos tempos<- c(1,2,3,3,3,5,5,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,1,1,1,1,4,5,7,8,10,10,12,16,16 ,16) cens<-c(0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0) grupos<-c(rep(1,15),rep(2,14)) ss<-survfit(coxph(Surv(tempos[grupos==2],cens[grupos==2])~1,method = "breslow") ) summary(ss) racum<- -log(ss$surv) racum 4. Obtenha os resultados apresentados na Tabela 2.5 e Figura 2.5 require(survival) tempos<- c(3,4,5.7,6.5,6.5,8.4,10,10,12,15) cens<- c(1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1) ekm<- survfit(Surv(tempos,cens)) summary(ekm) plot(ekm,conf.int=T, xlab="Tempo (em meses)", ylab="S(t) estimada", bty="n") Obs: faa uso tambm das opes: conf.type="plain" e "log-log" ekm<- survfit(Surv(tempos,cens), conf.type="plain") summary(ekm)
plot(ekm,conf.int=T, xlab="Tempo (em meses)", ylab="S(t) estimada", bty="n")
ekm<- survfit(Surv(tempos,cens), conf.type="log-log") summary(ekm) plot(ekm,conf.int=T, xlab="Tempo (em meses)", ylab="S(t) estimada", bty="n") 5. Obtenha o tempo mdio usando os comandos abaixo t<- tempos[cens==1] tj<-c(0,as.numeric(levels(as.factor(t)))) surv<-c(1,as.numeric(levels(as.factor(ekm$surv)))) surv<-sort(surv, decreasing=T) k<-length(tj)-1 prod<-matrix(0,k,1) for(j in 1:k){ prod[j]<-(tj[j+1]-tj[j])*surv[j] } tm<-sum(prod) tm 6. Compare por meio do teste log-rank as curvas apresentadas na Figura 2.3 require(survival) tempos<- c(1,2,3,3,3,5,5,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,1,1,1,1,4,5,7,8,10,10,12,16,16 ,16) cens<-c(0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0) grupos<-c(rep(1,15),rep(2,14)) ekm<- survfit(Surv(tempos,cens)~grupos) summary(ekm) plot(ekm, lty=c(2,1), xlab="Tempo (semanas)",ylab="S(t) estimada") legend(1,0.3,lty=c(2,1),c("Controle","Esteride"),lwd=1, bty="n") survdiff(Surv(tempos,cens)~grupos,rho=0) 7. Construa e rode os comandos para os exerccios 2, 3 e 4 do Captulo 2.