Min Thain Kha-Novel

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tcef;(1)
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vnf; ukefrsm;udk ydkYaqmifMu\/
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xm;odk&mwGifvnf; tysuftpD; tavtvGifY r&Sd&avatmif pufavSorm;rsm;u apmifYa&SmufMu\/
rmvdefrSL;\ vufatmufwGif vufaxmuftjzpf yJYudkifyg\/ ¤if;atmufwGif ukef;ywftvkyform;rsm;?
plumeD ac: a&yufBudK;csnf tvkyform;rsm; jynfYjynfYpHkpHkygav\/
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vnf; rnfolurQ irdk; [krac: ]tnmom;}[kom ac:Muav\/
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pufavSudk xGufavawmY\/ xdkYaMumifY c&D;onfrsm;onf rmvdefrSL; OD;vSxGef;atmifudk MunfndK
jcif;? cspfcifjcif; jzpfMuav\/
wpfaeYwGif ... rmvdefrSL; OD;vSxGef;atmif OD;pD;aom atmifA'ifpufavSBuD;onf NrdwfNrdKUrS

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rsufESmuGufceJ ysufoGm;av\/ xdktcsif;t&mudk jrifvdkufaom tnmom;uav;onfvnf;
aumif;uifay:odkdY vdkufí armhMunfhvdkufav\/
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tnmom;uav;u
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xdktcg OD;vSxGef;atmifu
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vdkufí 0wfay;av\/ 0wfay;&if;vnf; tm;ay;pum;ajym\/
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tnmom;ujyefí ajzvQif OD;vSxGef;atmifu
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tcef;(2)
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w[kefxdk; jzwfwdkufvmaom aveDMurf;onf atmifA'ifpufavStm; opf&Gufajcmufav; wpf&Gufyrm
vTifhxkwfvdkufav\/
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jyKwfusvdkuf jzpfaeav\/ tcsdKU c&D;onfrsm;onf aMumufvefUvGef;ojzifh owdvpfarYarsmukefjyD
jzpf\/
tnmom;uav;onf owdvpfaeolrsm;udk vdkufvHí ESmESyfNyDD; owd&atmif vkyfay;ae\/
av\t&SdefaMumifh pufavSonf vGifharsmum vmblpmuRef;? rPduRef;wdkYudkyif vGefajrmufoGm;jyD

jzpf\/ rmvdefrSL;OD;vSxGef;atmifonf r&ru BudK;pm;í armif;ESifae\/ aveDMurf;rSmvJ
avsmhusonfr&SdbJ wdk;íwdkufcwfav\/ pufavSBuD; avmifvHkbkwfuRef;pk teD;okdY a&mufaomtcgÜ
cg;wpfydkif;jywfxGufí epfjrKyfoGm;avawmh\/ c&D;onftajrmuftjrm;ygoGm;\/
tcsdKUc&D;onfrsm;onf toufu,ftusÐtm;udk;jzifh yifv,fxJwGif ul;cyfaeMu\/ pufavS

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BudK;pm;aeMu\/
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xdkaoewfudk yifv,fwGif;okdY ypfcsvdkufavawmh\/


xdkYaemuf ¤if;onf tnmom;uav;udk teD;odkYac:um
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...? tJ'Dawmh ol&Jaumif;yJ ...? vSxGef;atmif arG;wJh ol&Jaumif; ... }} [k ajymqdkNyD;vQif
tnmom;uav;\ ezl;udk erf;&SKHUvdkufav\/
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wpfppD jyKwfxGufí ysufpD;oGm;avawmh\/ pufavSBuD;rS ysOfjym;rsm;? opfom;rsm;onfvnf;
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jyefYusJoGm;avawmh\/
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tnmom;uav;rSmrl aygavmarsmaeaom ysOfcsyfwpfcsyfay:wGif arSmufvsufusí arharsmaeav\/
¤if;oGm;í wifaeaom ysOfcsyfrSm pufavS\ tjyifeH&H ysOfcsyfjzpf\/ xdkysOfcsyfay:wGif ]atmifA'if
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tcef;(3)
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tnmom;onfowdr&wpfcsuf? &wpfcsufjzpfae\/ xdktcsdef vltrsm;0dkif;tHk Munfh&Iaeonfudk

owdjyKrdav\/ txl;ojzifh owdjyKrdonfrSm OD;Zif;av;wpfyg;onf ¤if;tm; wGJí
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xdkokdY r NyD;aemuf ¤if; OD;Zif;\ausmif;&Sd&m ]ysm;om;} acsmif;teD;&Sd 0g;ausmif;uav;qDokdY

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tnmom;av;udk o,faqmifvmaom olrsm;onf ausmif;ay:odkY wifay;vdkufNyD;aemuf


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&dkufxm;vdkufMuavawmY\/
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uefawmhav\/
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a&arsmurf;wiftjzpf a&muf&SdoGm;avawmhownf;/
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tcef;(4)
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tar rkqdk;rBuD;eJY BuD;cJh&wmyg ... taru ajryJEIwfw,f? aygif;vdkufw,f ...? ydkufqH&SdwJh

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nDtpfudk armifESr t&if;vnf;r&Sdygbl; ...? NyD;awmh wynfhawmfwdkYrSm aqGaumif;rsdK;aumif;vnf;
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qif;&JvGef;vdkY pufavSvdkufNyD; auR;r,fqdkNyD; pufavSvdkufcJhwmyg ... wynfhawmf&JU trnf&if;u
irdk;ygbk&m; ...}} [k avQmufxm;vdkufvQif OD;Zif;u
]]rif;ajymjyvdkY rif;&JU Zmwdykn *kPfrme udkawmh od&ygNyDuGm ...irdk;qdkwJh emrnfudk OD;Zif;vnf;

rBudKufbl;uG? rif;arsmvmwJh pufavSu ysOfcsyfBuD;u emrnfu ydkaumif;w,f ... bmwJh ...
atmifA'if [kwfvm;?
'DtcsdefupNyD; rif;[m irdk; r[kwfawmhbl; ... atmifA'if vdkYyJac:r,fuGm Mum;vm;

ausmif;om; ...


igwdkY bk&m;tavmif; Zeuúrif;om;[m rif;vdkyJ yifv,fxJarsmoGm;w,f? ukef;ay:a&mufwJh
tcsdefrSm bk&ifjzpfoGm;w,fuG ...
'DacwfrSmu bk&ifr&Sdawmhbl;? tJ'Dawmh a&arsmNyD;urf;wifvmwJY atmifA'ifuawmh

avmuZmwfcHk vlwdkYbHkrSm xnfxnf0g0gBuD; ujyEdkifatmifawmh vkyfay;&rSmyJ ...
BudK;pm;xm;ausmif;om;a& ...}} [k rdefYawmfrlvdkuf&m irdk;wjzpfvJ atmifA'ifu
]] wynfhawmf BudK;pm;yghr,fbk&m; ...}} [k &Sdcdk;í avQmufxm;vdkufav\/
xdkaeY xdktcsdefrS pí ysm;om;acsmif;wpf&GmvHk;u irdk;tm; atmifA'if [kac:Muav\/

wcsdKUuvnf; ESdrfvdkaomoabmjzifh ]a&arsmurf;wif atmifA'if} [kyif 0daoowyfí ac:av\/
xdkYaMumifh atmifA'if\ q&m OD;Zif;av;u
]]olrsm;awGu b,fvdkyJac:ac: pdwfrqdk;eJYuG ... pdwfqdkwm qdk;&rJht&m r[kwfbl;aemf ... ]cdkif}

atmifvkyf&rJht&m ...? ajymxm;MuOD;aemf ... a&arsmurf;wif vdkYajymMu? aemifwpfcsdefus&if
]a&arsmbk&if atmifA'if } vdkY ac:Mu&r,f ... rSwfxm;vdkY pdwfxJu MuHK;0g;xm;uG ...
vlYatmufolYatmufusw,fqdkwm tHBudwfvdkuf? vufoD;qkyfvdkuf? bmr[kwfwJh rmeav;udk
trlt&meJYjyvdkuf vkyfwJhaumifawGrSmyJ jzpfwmuG ... pdwfxJrSm pdwfudk cdkifoxufcdkifatmif arG;&w,f
...
pdwfcdkif&if xdyfydkifjyDuG... pdwf[m tm;i,fzdkYvnf; r[kwfbl; ... qdk;zdkYvnf; r[kwfbl; ...

cdkifcefYatmif arG;jrL&rJh ypönf;uG ...? pdwfBuD;rS xdyfoD;jzpfrSmaem ... pdwfuav;rSmvnf;
[dkt,l'Dt,l [dktawG;'DtawG;awG r&IyfapeJYuG? t,l&Sif;&if vlvif;uG ...? t,l&Iyf&if vl,kwfuG
...? Mum;vm; ausmif;om; ...}} [kav;av;eufeuf rdefYawmfrl&m atmifA'ifvnf; ezl;ajrcdkuf
OD;pdkufum
]] rSefyghbk&m; ...}} [k av;av;eufeufBuD; uwday;vdkufavawmhownf;/



tcef; (5)
atmifA'ifudk pmoifay;&NyD
atmifA'ifonf aumif;pGmusef;rmvmNyDjzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;0if;twGif; wHjrufpnf;vSnf;\/

opfyifyef;refrsm;udk a&avmif;\/ OD;Zif;av;twGuf tm½kPfESifh aeYqGrf;rsm; csufjyKwf\/
qufuyf\/
OD;Zif;av;uvnf; atmifA'ifudk vGefpGmoabmusae\/ OD;Zif;av;onf atmifA'iftm;
]]atmifA'if&m rif;qdkwJhaumifuvnf; rdeJYzeJY aumif;aumif;raecJh&awmh bk&m;&Sdcdk;av;awmif

aumif;aumif;r&bl; ... bk&m;&Sdckd;upNyD; y&dwfBuD; (11)okwftxd oifay;&OD;rSmyJ... }} [kqdkum
oifay;av\/ atmifA'ifonf jrefrmpmyif a&;wwfzwfwwfjcif; r&Sdojzifh OD;Zif;av;u
pmoifay;&av\/
]]'Dvdk atmifA'if&JU ... wdkYjrefrmpmrSmu Asnf; 33 vHk;&Sdw,fuG? tJ'Dawmh Asnf;awGu

rsm;aew,f... rif;udkoifwJhtcgrSm Asnf; 33 vHk; vHk; roifbl; ... toHwlawGqdk jzKwfypfvdkufr,f
tJ'Dawmh 22 vHk;yJusefr,f... tJ'D 22 vHk;eJYyJ &atmifoifr,f...
OyrmuGm ]Z} uGJ &Sd&JUom;eJY ]ps} rsOf;qGJ xnfhxm;w,f ... ESpfckpvHk; ]Z} oHyJxGufw,f? ]e}
i,f &Sd&JUom;eJU ]P} BuD; xnfhxm;w,f... ESpfckpvHk; ]e} oHyJxGufw,fuG ... aemufrS
z,fxm;wmawG oyfoyfoifay;r,fuGm }} [k qdkum Asnf;rsm;udkavQmhí oifykef;BuD;udk tjrefqHk;
a&;wwfzwfwwfatmif oifav\/
]]rif;udkajymjy&OD;r,f ... a[m'D ]!} &ifaumuf qdkwJh pmvHk;[m ]'} a'G;&Sd&JUom;eJY ygaew,f/
‘'DpmvHk;[m toHk;tenf;qHk;yJuG? igrSwfrdoavmufawmh ‘'DpmvHk;[m ]r@yf} qdkwJh
pmvHk;aygif;wJhtcgrSm wpfcgoHk;w,fuGm? ]0@} qdkwJhpmvHk;aygif;wJhtcgrSm wpfcgokH;w,fuG?
ESpfae&mavmufyJ oHk;&w,f ... rsufpdaemufw,f jzKwfr,fuGm ... NyD;awmh arSmufcHka&;wJhtcg


a&;ao;w,f ... olYtaMumif;odcsif&ifawmh oyfoyfusufayghuGm ... tJ'DvdkrSr[kwf&ifawmh olYudk
arhxm;vdkufwm aumif;ygw,fuGm... oleJY wdkYeJY tcktcsdefupNyD; rac:awmhbl;uGm ... }} [k
ajymNyD;vQif uBuD; cacG; udk Asnf; 22 vHk; tjzpf tjrefqHk;wwfatmif oifavawmh\/
þodkY oifvdkuf&m atmifA'ifonf 7 &uftwGif;aumif;pGm a&;wwf zwfwwfoGm;avawmh\/
xdktcg OD;Zif;av;u atmifA'if zwf&eftwGuf ig;&mhig;q,frStp ZmwfBuD;q,fbGJYtqHk;

pmtkyfrsm;&Smay;\/ pmtkyfrsm;omru pmtkyfrsm;xnfh&ef rSefbD'dkav; 2 vHk;yg 0,fay;vdkufav\/
atmifA'ifonf rsufESmESifhpmtkyf cGmonfr&SdbJ pmzwfíom aeav\/ r&Sif;vif;onfrsm;udk
OD;Zif;av;tm;ar;\/
xdkYaemuf OD;Zif;av;onf atmifA'iftm; taMumif;Mum;pma&;enf;? &SifjyKem;o tvSLr*Fvm

zdwfpma&;enf;? tokb zdwfMum;pm a&;enf;wdkYudkyg a&;wwfap&ef oifMum;ay;av\/
xdkYaemuf udk;aMumif;wGuf[kqdkaom udk;*Pef;tvDvuFmudk tydkifusuf&NyD;rS wGuf&onfh

wGufenf;udk oifjyay;av\/ erlemtm;jzifh qdk&vQif udk;wpfvDudk;[k qdk&rnfhtpm;
]aem-{u-aem
e0-a'G;-t|&o
e0-BwdEém-owåADo
e0-Z,-qBwdo} [líqdkum udk;tvDjzifhwGuf&av\/ ykpämrSmvnf;
]]tkef;yif udk;yif&SdowJh ...? tkef;yifwpfyifrSm tkef;oD;udk;vHk;pD oD;owJh ...? tkef;oD;wpfvHk;pDrSm

&SOfhudk;aumifpDwufowJh...? tJ'D &SOfhwpfaumifpDudk jrm;udk;pif;eJY ypfowJh ...? jrm;rSefNyD;
&SOfhwpfaumifwdkif;[m aoG; 9 pufpDusowJh... tJ'Dvdkqdk&if aoG;pufaygif; b,favmufusrvJ}}
[lonfhar;cGef;rsdK; jzpfwwfav\/


xdkYtjyif OD;Zif;av;u
]]vlwpfa,muf[m olarwåm&SdwJh rdef;uav;udk touf b,favmuf&SdNyDvJvdkY ar;vdkufw,f...

tJ'Dawmh rdef;uav;u b,fvdkajzovJqdkawmh ]uRefrtouf oajycuf &v'f pm;ajc wlygap} ...
wJh/ oajycuf qdkwJh pmoHk;vHk;udk *Pef;eJYa&;vdkuf&if 652 aygh ? ‘'gayrJh yd#uwf pmayoabmt&
ajymif;jyefa&;&w,f ... 256 aygh tJ'D 256 [m pm;ajceJY &v'f wl&r,fwJh? pm;ajceJY &v'f
wl&r,fqdkwm ESpfxyfudef;&if; &Smcdkif;wmyJ/ &Smvdkuf&if 16 &w,fuG... tJ'gudk tckacwf
oHk;EIef;aeMuwm oajywdkYt&G,f bmnmqdkwm ‘'gyJ...}} [k&Sif;jyav\/
xdkYaemuf OD;Zif;av;onf oHk;csufwGufenf; tygt0if ajrmufjrm;vSpGmaom

ocsFmwGufenf;rsm;udk atmifA'iftm; oifay;av\/ atmifA'ifvnf; aumif;pGmoif,lcJhav\/
xdkYaemuf OD;Zif;av;onf opfwefwGuf vuFmrsm;? v,fajr,majrrsm;udk wGuf&onfh {&d,m

ykpämrsm;udkvnf; oifay;\/
xdkYaMumifh atmifA'ifonf twGuftcsufaumif;onfh uav;wpfa,muf jzpfoGm;avawmh\/

xdk&GmwGif ajrcGefajrc? uGmwmaMu;aqmif&ef taMumif;rsm;ay:aygufygu q,ftdrfacgif;rif;u
atmifA'iftm; ac:,lí wGufcdkif;wwfav\/ xdkYaMumifh ysm;om;acsmif;&Gmuav;wGif a&arsmurf;wif
atmifA'ifuav;onf vlwum\ EIwfzsm; a&yef;pm;íaeavawmhownf;/
a a a a a a a a a


tcef; (6)
atmifA'ifudk atbDpD'D oifay;NyD
atmifA'ifonf *Pef;ocsFmudkvnf; aumif;pGmwwfoGm;NyDjzpf\/ jrefrmpmudkvnf; aumif;pGm

a&;wwf zwfwwf oGm;NyDjzpf\/ xdktcgÜ OD;Zif;av;u atbDpD'D udkvnf; oifjyay;jyef\/ xdkodkY
oifjyay;&if; -
]]‘'DrSm atmifA'if... tck rif;qdkaewJh bD qdkwJh pmvkH;[m ]b}ukef;qdkwJh toHxGuf&w,f?

'gayrJh olYcsnf;yJ toHxGufvdkYr&bl;? at qdkwJh pmvHk;eJYaygif;vdkufrS ]b} qdkwJh toHxGufwmuG?
tJ'gaMumifh ]bDat b} vdkY em;vnf&r,f...
tJ'DvdkyJuG ... jrefrmtoHxGufrSm ][xdk;} ygcsifwJhpmvHk;udk t*FvdyfpmvHk; tdwfcsf (H)
xnfhNyD;aygif;&w,f? ]0qGJ} toHxGuf ygcsifwJh pum;vHk;awGudkawmh (W) uyfNyD; aygif;&w,fuG ...}}

[kqdkum jzwfvrf;enf;jzifh toHxGufwwfatmif oifav\/ xdkYaemuf vltrnfrsm;?
NrdKU&Gmtrnfrsm;udk aygif;cdkif;av\/ xdkYaemuf OD;Zif;av;u
]],yifh &&pf toHxGufygcsifwJh pmvHk;awGudk 0dkif (Y) eJYuyf&w,fuG}} [kqdkum

toHxGufenf;rsm;udk pdppfí oifay;vdkuf&m pkpkaygif; 17 rsdK;xGufav\/ atmifA'ifvnf; vGefpGm
BudK;pm;í usufrSwfav\/ xdkYaemuf t*FvdyfpmvHk; wpfvHk;csif;\ t"dyÜg,fudk odap&eftwGuf
t*FvdyfpmvHk;ESifh jrefrmt"dyÜg,f wGJzufí a&;om;NyD;vQif usufrSwfapjyef\/
Oyrmtm;jzifh -
So qdk; ... xdkYaMumifh
Go *dk; ... oGm;onf/ oGm;yg/ ponfjzifh jzpf\/ atmifA'ifonf pmvHk;aygif;rsm;pGm usufrSwfNyD;NyD
jzpf\/ xdktcgÜ OD;Zif;av;u 0guswnfaqmufyHkrsm;udk &Sif;jyí oifjyef\/ ]]igvnf; tpu
rwwfbl;uG...igeJYtwl oDwif;okH;wJh OD;Zif;av;u oifay;vdkYyguGm ... tJ'D OD;Zif;av;u pD;u&uf
odyfNyD;aomufwm? tckawmh tqkwfa&m*geJY ysHvGefawmfrl&SmygNyD ...}}


OD;Zif;av;onf atmifA'iftm; 3 vcefY tjyif;txef oifay;av\/ xdktcg atmifA'ifonf
t*Fvdyfpmudk toHxGufí zwfwwf&Hkomru t"dyÜg,fudkvnf; axmheif;axmheif;ESifh
bmomjyefwwfaeNyDjzpf\/
]]'DrSm atmifA'if&,f... 0guswnfaqmufyHkuvnf; rsm;rsm;r&Sdygbl;uGm...
]&Sdw,f^jzpfw,f} qdkwJh 0gus&,f? ]r&Sdbl;^rjzpfbl;} qdkwJh jiif;qdkwJh0gus&,f?

]&Sdovm;^jzpfovm;} vdkYar;wJh 0gus&,f ‘'gyJ&SdrSmyguGm ...?usefwmawGu vdktyf&ifvdktyfovdk
csJUxm;wmyg? tJ'gudk o'´gvdkawmh za&Upf wdkY uavmhpf wdkY ac:wmayghuGm..? 'gawGvnf;
aemufawmh wwfoGm;rSmyg...}} [k OD;Zif;av;u tm;ay;pum;ajymav\/
xdkYaemuf OD;Zif;av;onf atmifA'iftm; rD;zdkacsmifoHk;ypönf;rsm; ac:a0:enf;? t0wftxnf

ypönf;rsm;ac:a0:enf;? ppfoHk;a0g[m&rsm; ac:a0:enf;? w&m;&Hk; a0g[m&rsm; ac:a0:enf;? wpfOD;ESifh
wpfOD; EIwfqufjcif;rsm;udk oifjyay;jyef\/
atmifA'ifvnf; aumif;pGm usufrSwfav\/ xdkYjyif atmifA'if EIwf&Jap&eftwGuf ausmif;wGif

ESpfOD;wnf;&Sdonfh tcgrsm; OD;Zif;av;onf jrefrm bmomjzifhrajym? t*Fvdyf bmomjzifhom
ajymqdkapcdkif;av\/
wpfaeYwGif atmifA'iftm; aq;ukay;cJhaom ukvm;q&m0efBuD;onf ausmif;odkYa&mufvm&m

atmifA'ifu t*Fvdyf pum;jzifh EIwfqufav\/ q&m0efBuD;vnf; tYHtm;oifhí oGm;av\/
xdkYaMumifh ]]vluav; ... ‘'Davmuf &ufuav;twGif;rSm 'Davmuf ajymwwfoGm;w,f [kwfvm;?
bmyJjzpfjzpf ighuav;awGudkvnf; ausmif;uxkwfNyD; 'Dausmif;udk ydkYxm;OD;r,f}} [k ajymum
&,farmav\/
atmifA'ifvnf; aumif;pGm avhusifhoifMum;xm;aom vlawmfuav;tjzpfodkY a&muf&Sd

oGm;avawmhownf;/


tcef;(7)
atmifA'if (7) wef; atmifoGm;NyD
xdkYaemuf OD;Zif;av;onf ysm;om;acsmif;&Gmuav;rS ausmif;q&mwpfOD;udk ac:,lumatmifA'iftm;

yx0D0if bmom&yf? taxGaxGodyÜH bmom&yf? &mZ0if bmom&yf wdkYudk oifMum;apav\/
ausmif;q&mav;vnf; aumif;pGm oifay;av\/
jynfhjynfhpHkpHk wwfajrmufoGm;aomtcsdefwGif OD;Zif;av;onf xm;0,fNrdKUodkY wufoGm;NyD;vQif

wm0ef&Sdaom ynma&;t&m&SdESifh awGUqHkum atmifA'iftaeESifh tpdk;&ppf (7) wef; 0ifa&muf
ajzqdkEdkif&eftwGuf tultnDawmif;av\/ ynma&;t&m&Sdvnf; vkyfief;pnf;urf;abmiftwGif;rS
ulnDay;vdkufav\/
xdktcg xm;0,fwGif &Sdaom OD;Zif;av;\ 'umwpfOD;\tdrfwGif atmifA'ifudk tyfESHum

tpdk;&ppf (7)wef; 0ifa&mufajzqdkEdkif&ef pDpOfavawmh\/ atmifA'ifvnf; xdktdrfwGif
a0,sm0pörsm;udk ulnDvkyfudkifay;&if; tpdk;&ppf (7)wef; pmar;yGJudk 0ifa&muf ajzqdk&m
atmifjrifoGm;avawmh\/
atmifjrifNyD;aomtcgÜ ysm;om;acsmif;&Gm&Sd atmifA'if bkef;BuD;ausmif;uav;odkY jyefívmav\/
]]ausmif;om;a& ... (7)wef;atmifNyDuG ... wpfESpfem;NyD; BudK;pm;vdkufOD;? aemufwpfESpfus&if

q,fwef;0ifNyD;ajz&r,f? ynmwwfjzpfatmif BudK;pm;&r,fuG ... NyD;awmhrS oabFmuyÜwdef vkyf&r,f/
ynmrwwf&if oabFmuyÜwdef vkyfvdkYr&bl;uG... rif;udk'ku©ay;vdkufwJh yifv,fjyifudk
jyefNyD;awmh&ifqdkif&r,fuG...}} [k OD;Zif;av;u rdefYav\/
]]yifv,fjyifudk pdk;rdk;EdkifwJh atmifA'if jzpf&r,fuGm? a&arsmurf;wif atmifA'if Zmwfudk

odrf;&r,f/}} [k tm;ay;pum;ajymav\/ ]]rSefyghbk&m; ... t&Sifbk&m;&JU tpDtrHtwdkif; wynfYawmf
vdkufemyghr,fbk&m;}} [k atmifA'ifuvnf; uwday;vdkufavawmhownf;/


tcef;(8)
jrifjrifcsif;yJ cspfrdw,f
ysm;om;acsmif;&Gm\ tpGefwGif BuD;rm;aom wJ0dkif;BuD;wpfck&Sd\/ xdkwJ0dkif;BuD;wGif

v,f,mpdkufysdK;csdefÜ aumufpdkuforrsm; pkaygif;íaeMu\/ ajryJEIwfcsdef? 0gqGwfcsdef?
MuufoGefodrf;csdefrsm;Üvnf; ,mvkyfom; rdef;uav;rsm; pkaygif;íaeMu\/
xdkwJBuD;udk ,molaX;OD;a'gif;ESifh olaX;uawmf a':vSMunfwdkYu ydkif\/ a':vSMunfonf

tvkyforuav;rsm;udk aeYpOf udk,fwdkif xrif;csufí auR;\/ eHHeuftm½kPfwufonfESifh wNydKifeuf
tvkyforuav;rsm;twGuf xrif;Murf; wpfyef;uef? ig;yd&nf wpfcGuf? MuufoGefeD wpfOpD?
a&aEG;Murf; wpfcGufpD wdkufauR;\/
,molruav;rsm;rSmvnf; xdkwJ0dkif;BuD;wGif aysmf&TifpGmaexdkif tvkyfvkyfMuukef\/

xdktvkyforuav;rsm;rSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh tysdKruav;rsm; jzpfMuukef\/
tcsdKUvnf; wpfckvyf rkqdk;ruav;rsm; yg\/ tysdKt&G,fuav;rsm; jzpfMuonfhtjyif

tvkyfvkyfMuaomaMumifh udk,fvHk;udk,fayguf vSMuukef\/ yifv,furf;pyfolrsm; jzpfMuaomMumifh
tom;ta&mifrsm; 0if;0gMu\/ qHyifrsm; aumif;Muukef\/
xdkrdef;uav;rsm;udk &yf&Gmu OD;a'gif;\orD;rsm;[k ac:Muukef\/ xdkrdef;uav;rsm;onf

vomaom ntcgrsm; wJ0dkif;BuD;a&SU uGufvyfwGif xkyfqD;wdk;Mu\/ wGwfxdk;Mu\/ vdyfO0Sufwrf;
upm;Mu\/ wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;vnf; nDtpfrt&if;yrm cspfcifMu\/ &&Sdaom vkyfcrsm;udk rdb&yfxH
jyefíydkYMu\/ om;orD;&Sdolrsm;vnf; om;orD;rsm;xH ydkYMu\/
¤if;wdkY udk,fwdkiftwGufvnf; pGefvnfjyef rsufESmacs? ukvm;rxD;aqmif; a&arT;ykvif;uav;rsm;?

twGif;cH&SifrD;tusÐrsm;? o&ufxnf vHkcsnfrsm;? tcsdKU pkrdaqmif;rdolrsm;u wdkb&ufudk;vHkcsnfrsm;?
pl&wD a&Tem;aiGem; vHkcsnfrsm; 0,fMuav\/


¤if;tvkyforuav;rsm; aexdkifaom wJBuD;onf wpfrsdK;wpfzHktm;jzifh rdef;racsmuav;rsm;udk
pkíjyxm;ouJhodkY &Sdav\/ ,m&Sif a':vSMunfrSmvnf; vGefpGmrS pnf;urf;BuD;av\/
xrif;[if; csuf&m tvkyforuav;rsm;udk 2 a,mufpDac:í csufwwfap&ef oifjy&if;

ulnDvkyfudkifcdkif;av\/
wefaqmifrkef; vjynfaeYwGif ysm;om;acsmif; &Gmxdyfbk&m;wGif bk&m;yGJjzpfav\/ xdkbk&m;yGJwGif

rkefY[ifcg;csufaumif;aom a':jym;qdkonfh ta':BuD;ucsufí tvSLvmolrsm;udk auR;av\/
xdkbk&m;teD;&Sd bkef;BuD;ausmif;rS q&mawmfu tvSLudk uruxvkyfav\/ txufuqdkcJhaom

OD;a'gif;orD;rsm;udk tjcm;aom&Gmrsm;rS umvom;rsm;uvnf; vma&mufydk;yef;Muav\/
atmifA'ifausmif;rS OD;Zif;av;u atmifA'iftm;
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tcef;(9)
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tcef;(10)
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tcef;(11)
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a a a a a a a a a


tcef;(12)
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tcef;(13)
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toa&rJhvmavawmhonf/ rMumcPvnf; atmf*vDqefí ysdKUysdKUwufvm\/ rdef;rwdkY "r®wmtwdkif;
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a a a a a a a a a


tcef;(14)
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tcef;(17)
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a a a a a a a a a


tcef;(18)
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tcef;(19)
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tcef;(20)
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csay;vdkufavawmh\/
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a a a a a a a a a


tcef;(21)
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ighrdwfaqGwpfa,mufu rdk;MudK;oGm; tpGrf;xufw,f ? wpfodef;ay;&r,f ? tJ'D rdk;BudK;oGm;[m
vQyfppfrD; Nidrf;vdkY&w,f? vmaewJh a&'D,dkudk &yfvdkY&w,fqdkNyD; ighudkvmNyD; ajymw,f ...
ighrdwfaqGu rdk;BudK;oGm;a&mif;wJhqDudk ighudkac:oGm;w,fuG ... olwdkYu yg;pyfeJYvnf; ajymw,f?

vkyfvnf;jyw,f ... vQyfppfrD; Nidrf;oGm;wmvnf; igawGYw,f? a&'D,dkvnf; &yfoGm;w,fuG?
tJ'gjyefa&mif;&if odef; 20 &r,fvdkY rpm;&0cref; ajymMuw,f ...? igvnf;,HkoGm;w,fuG ...?
,Hkw,fqdkwmvnf; avmbaMumifhayghuGm ... ? wpfodef;&if;wm odef; 20 &r,fqdkawmh vlyJ
vdkcsifwmayghuGm ? tJ'geJY rpm;&ufraomuf&uf pkxm;wJhaiGav;wpfodef;eJY 0,fvdkufw,f?


tdrfa&mufvdkY prf;MunfhwJhtcg vQyfppfrD; rajymeJY? vufESdyf"mwfrD;awmif rNidrf;bl;uG?
olwdkYvkyfjywmawG[m BudKwifpDrHNyD; pepfwus vdrfvdkufwmawGuG? igu ruRrf;usifbJ
oGm;vkyfrdwmudk;uG ...
'Dtcsufudk NrJNrJrSwfxm;a[h ... rydkifwJhtvkyf? ruRrf;usifwJhtvkyfrSm bm&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrS

rvkyf&bl;uG? wpfodef;rdkYvdkYayghuGm ... 10 odef;qdk&if igcGufqGJNyD; olawmif;pm;jzpfaeNyD ... tJ'g
igajymcsifwJh av;ckajrmufajryHkyJuG ...}} [kajymum ESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKufBuD; &,fvdkufavawmh\/
OD;Zif;av;uvnf; av;av;eufeuf om"kac:avawmh\/ xdkYaemuf
]]rif;udk twdkcsKyf rSmcsifwmuawmh olrsm;ajymwm r,HkeJYuG? udk,fhrsufpdeJYawGUwmawmif

w0ufyJ,Hk}} [k w½kwfBuD;tazmufu ajymvdkufavawmhownf;/
]]aemufwpfcku vlwpfa,muf[m tdrfiSm;aewm roifhawmfbl;uG ... udk,fydkiftdrfjzpfatmif

BudK;pm;&r,f? tdrfiSm;aewJh pm;&dwf[mMumvm&if udk,fydkiftdrfwpfvHk; jzpfvmEdkifw,f ...
qdkifqdk&ifvnf; iSm;wmxuf udk,fydkifjzpfatmif BudK;pm;&r,f ... iSm;wm[m Mumawmh
pm;&dwfaxmif;vmw,f ...
pdwfvnf;&Iyf&w,fuG ... ao;wmBuD;wmy"mer[kwfbl; ... udk,fydkifjzpfatmif BudK;pm;zdkYyJ

...tJ'Dtayguf[m aiGtxGufqHk;yJuG ... 'gaMumifh pufavSvkyfr,fqdk&ifvnf; tiSm;raxmifeJYuG ...
tydkifjzpfatmif t&ifBudK;pm;vdkufOD; ... tckigajymwm[m ig;ckajrmufajryHkyJuG ...}} [k w½kwfBuD;
tazmufu ajymav\/ xdkYaemuf xrif;pm;csdefa&mufvmojzifh OD;Zif;av;udkvnf; qGrf;uyfMu\/
atmifA'if? 'GGg;ESifh w½kwfBuD;wdkYvnf; xdkausmif;Üyif eHeufpm pm;Muav\/
]]NyD;awmh wdkYjrefrmpum;rSm ]rwfwwfpmyJ&Sdw,f? wHk;vHk;pmr&Sdbl; ...}} qdkwJhpum; &Sdw,fuG?

pum;yJ&Sdw,f ...? vdkufemrIr&SdMubl; ...? 'gaMumifh rarQmfrSef;EdkifwJh tem*wftwGuf jyifqifrIawG
vkyfxm;&r,f ...


½kwfw&ufudk,faooGm;&if usefcJhwJh rdom;pk rxdcdkufzdkY ... ½kwfw&uf udk,fxdcdkufrdvdkY
'kud©wjzpfoGm;&if qufvuftouf&SifzdkY b,fvdkvkyf&r,fqdkwm BudKwifjyifqifxm;&r,fuG ...
tJ'g[m igajymcsifwJh ajryHk&JU ajcmufckajrmuftcsufyJuG ...}} [k w½kwfBuD; tazmufu
xrif;pm;NyD;aomtcg qufíajymjyefav\/
]]7 ckajrmuf tcsufuawmh BudK;pm;rIudkravQmhzdkYygyJ ? udk,feJYvkyfief;wlawG &Sdaew,fuG? udk,fu

&yfaeayrJh olwdkYu BudK;pm;aerSm ? udk,fvkyfwJh tvkyfrSm tpGrf;xufavav 0ifaiGaumif;avavyJuG
... rif;oabmaygufzdkYu udk,fhqDudk tm;ay;wJhazmufonfwdkY tm;ay;wJh y&dwfowfwdkY qdkwm
pdwfcs&wmrsdK;r[kwfbl;uG ... udk,fhxufawmfwJhvl&Sd&if tJ'Dudk oGm;MurSm ...? tJ'gawmh NrJNrJrSwfxm;/
igajymcsifwJh 7ckajrmufajryHkuawmh tJ'gyJuG ...? tJ'g[m ta&;tBuD;qHk;tcsuf

jzpfvdrfhr,fxifw,f...
rif;oabmaygufzdkYuawmh tvkyfwpfckrSm obm&ifhwm 0g&ifhwmeJY rBuD;yGm;bl;aemf ...

awmfrSBuD;yGm;wm ... ukvdkY aysmufwJh q&m0efqDudkyJ vlemu oGm;rSmaemf ... obm&ifhw,fqdkNyD;
oGm;rSmr[kwfbl; ...? trIvdkufay;vdkYEdkifwJh a&SUaeqDudkyJ trIonfu oGm;rSmaemf ... ? obm&ifh 0g&ifh
qdkNyD; oGm;rSm r[kwfbl; ...? 'Dtcsufudk NrJNrJoabmaygufprf;yg ...
'Dtcsuf[m igajymcsifwJh ajryHk&JU 7ckajrmuftcsufyJuG ... 'Dtwdkif; vkyfr,fqdk&if rif;[m

weoFm&Durf;ajrmifwpfckvHk;&JU tcsrf;omqHk; vlwpfa,muf jzpfoGm;vdrfhr,f ...}} [k ajymvdkufvQif
OD;Zif;av;u om"koHk;Budrfac:í
]]aumif;ygh 'umBuD;&m ...? tckajymwJh ajryHk 7csuf[m atmifA'iftwGufom r[kwfbl;?

OD;Zif;twGufvnf; toHk;0ifrSmyg ...? OD;Zif;vdkufaewJh w&m;vkyfief;rSmvnf; 'DajryHk[m
tvGefaumif;wJh ajryHkygyJ ...}} [k av;av;eufeufBuD; ajymvdkufavawmhownf;/
a a a a a a a a a


tcef;(22)
oajyyifatmufrS tkwfjrpf5csyf
atmifA'ifonf xdktcsdefrSpí ¤if;wGif pkaqmif;xm;rdaom aiGrsm;udk xm;0,fNrdKU&Sd pdwfcs&aom

w½kwfyGJ&HkBuD;rsm;wGif twdk;jzifh jr§KyfESHxm;vdkufavawmh\/ wcgw&Hvnf; aocsmrnfhukefrsm;udk
udk,fwdkif0,fí avSmifav\/ OD;Zif;av;twGuf ausmif;udkvnf; pwifaqmufvkyfaeNyDjzpf\/
xdkYaMumifh atmifA'ifESifh 'Gg;onf ausmif;odkY aeYwdkif;oGm;&av\/ vuform;rsm;udk vdktyfonfrsm;
ajym&av\/ w½kwfBuD; tazmufuvnf; aeYpOfvdkvdk ausmif;odkY a&mufvmwwf\/
¤if;wdkY oHk;OD;onf ausmif;0if;twGif;&Sd oajyyifBuD;\atmufwGif t&dyfcdk&if; pum;pjrnf

ajymavh&Sd\/ OD;Zif;av;vnf; tem;wGif yufvufukvm;xdkifwpfvHk;csum
vma&mufem;axmifwwfNrJjzpfav\/ wpfaeYwGif w½kwfBuD; tazmufu
]]atmifA'ifa& ... [dkwavmu rif;udk ajymjycJhwmu c&D;oGm;ajryHk 7csufuG ...?

tckajymcsifwmuawmh tvkyfvkyfzdkY tkwfjrpf 5csyfuG ...? tJ'guvnf; ta&;BuD;ao;w,fuG ...
vlwpfa,muf[m ... tvkyfwpfckudk BudK;pm;r,fvdkY pOf;pm;wJhtcgrSm tJ'g ]xHk;pH}&Sd&JUvm;

jzpfzl;wJhvla&m&Sd&JUvm;vdkY yxrpOf;pm;&r,f ...
OyrmuGm ... tjrifhckefavhusifhwJh vlwpfa,mufu ay 20 jrifhatmif ckefEdkifzdkY

BudK;pm;r,fqdkygawmh ... tJ'Dvdk ckefEdkifwJh xHk;pHrsdK;&Sd&JUvm; ... ckefcJhzl;wJhvl? &cJhzl;wJhvla&m &Sd&JUvm;vdkY
yxrpOf;pm;&r,f ...? rif;u t*Fvdyfpm tdkifattxd oifzl;wmyJ ... t*Fvdyfvdk ajym&if ydkNyD;
&Sif;ygw,f ...
Term of Reference
tJ'gudk qdkvdkwmuG ... tJ'gudk tvG,fqHk; ]wD} vdkY rSwfxm;uGm ...


OyrmuGm ... ajcaxmufwpfzuf r&SdwJhvlu vufa&G;pifabmvHk;orm; jzpfatmifBudK;pm;wmrsdK;
rjzpfrdatmifayghuGm ...
rsufpdrjrifwJhvlu em&DjyifwJh tvkyfrsdK; rvkyfrdatmifayghuGm ...? xHk;pHvnf;&Sdw,f ? jzpfzl;wJh

vlvnf;&Sdw,fqdk&ifawmh BudK;pm;&rSmyJ ...? 'gayrJh b,favmufxd aygufaygufajrmufajrmuf
atmifjrifatmif vkyf&r,fqdkwmudkvnf; qHk;jzwfxm;&r,f ? tJ'Dvdkr[kwf&if ... udk,fBudK;pm;wm[m
jzpfaeNyDvm; ...? a&mufaeNyDvm;? ra&mufao;bl;vm; qdkwm b,fodEdkifrSmvJ ...?
OyrmqdkygawmhuGm ...abmvHk;uef BudK;pm;w,fqdkygawmh ... &yfuGuftqifh aumif;atmmifvm;

... jrdKUe,ftqifh aumif;atmifvm; ... wdkif;tqifh aumif;atmifvm; ... jrefrmhvufa&G;pif
txdvkyfrSmvm; ... b,ftxd vkyfrSmvJqdkwm BudKwifNyD; qHk;jzwfxm;&r,f ... tJ'gudk
t*Fvdyfvdkajym&ifawmh
Object of Aim
twdkrSwf&rSmuawmh ]tdk}ayghuGm ...}} [k ajymvQif OD;Zif;av;u ]]aumif;yghAsm; ... }} [kqdkum

om"kac:av\/ om"kac:&HkrQru
]]tJ'g atmifA'ifudkyJ ajymwmr[kwfbl; ... usKyfudkvnf;yJ ajymaewm ...}} [k rdefYawmfrlav\/
xdkYaemuf w½kwfBuD; tazmufu
]]tkwfjrpf 5csyfrSm 2csyfajymNyD;NyD ? 3csyfqufNyD; ajym&OD;r,f ... tJ'Dvdk qHk;jzwfNyD;wmeJY a&SUu

atmifjrifoGm;wJhvlawG b,fvdkvkyfoGm;Muw,fqdkwmawGudk &wwforQ pmawGU? vufawGU?
wqifhpum;u pNyD; pkaqmif;rSwfom;&r,f ... tJ'D tcsufudkawmh
Collecting the Reference


twdkajym&&ifawmh tJ'gudk ]pD}vdkY rSwfxm;&r,f? tJ'Dvdk pkaqmif;NyD;wJhtcgrSm udk,fhrSma&m
tJ'Dvdk vkyfEdkifwJh pGrf;&nf&Sd&JUvm;vdkY oHk;oyf&r,f ... tJ'gudkawmh
Efficiency
twdkajym&&ifawmh tJ'gudk ]tD;} vdkY rSwfxm;&r,f ...
aemufqHk;wpfcsufuawmh udk,fhrSm tJ'DpGrf;&nf &Sdw,fqdk&if aemufrqkwfeJYawmh ...? b,folu

[efYwm;[efYwm; a&SUudkom wdk;NyD; BudK;pm;oGm;ayawmh ... t*Fvdyfvdkawmh
Straight Forward
twdkrSwf&ifawmh ]tufpf} aygh ...? tJ'Dawmh 'Dtkwfjrpf ig;csyfudk twdktm;jzifh
T.O.C.E.S
wD tdk pD tD; tufpf
vdkY ESvHk;om;xJrSm pGJxifoGm;atmif rSwfxm;vdkufayawmh }} [k ajymvdkuf&m OD;Zif;av;u

]]om"kAsm ... tckvdk Mum;em&wJhtwGuf OD;Zif;rSmvnf; tusdK;&Sdygw,f ...}} [k av;av;eufeufBuD;
rdefYawmfrlvdkufavawmhownf;/
a a a a a a a a a


tcef;(23)
BudK;jzifh csnfxm;aom qyfjymwHk;uav;
atmifA'ifESifh 'Gg;wdkY aqmufaom bkef;BuD;ausmif;rSm tNyD;owfoGm;NyDjzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh

a&pufcsum OD;Zif;av;tm; tNyD;tydkif vSL'gef;vdkufavawmh\/
w½kwfBuD;tazmufvnf; acgufqGJqdkifudk tNyD;a&mif;NyD;vQif bkef;BuD;ausmif;Ü vmaeavawmh\/

atmifA'if\ pufavSrsm;onfvnf; atmifA'if0rf;? atmifA'ifwl;? atmifA'ifo&D; ... ponfjzifh
atmifA'ifEdkif;txd wdk;yGm;um NrdwfESifh &efukefajy;qGJaeMuav\/
xdktcsdefÜ iysm;wdkY\ "m;jy*dkPf;ESifh ,SOfEdkifavmufaom "m;jy*dkPf;BuD;wpfck ay:aygufvmjyef\/

xdk"m;jy*dkPf;\ acgif;aqmifrSm wjcm;olr[kwfay/ atmifA'ifESifh vufa0SYAdkvfvkyGJwGif &IH;oGm;aom
vufa0SYorm;a[mif;jzpf\/ zdk;ukvm;onf ol\q&m bdkeD\ ezl;udk iysm;u ajcmufvHk;jyL;jzifh
ypfcJhonfudk tcJraMujzpfae\/
xdkYaMumifh iysm;\ ezl;udkjzpfap? atmifA'if\ ezl;udkjzpfap ajcmufvHk;jyL;jzifh 6csuf ypfrnf[k

Budrf;0g;xm;oljzpf\/ atmifA'ifonf aiGaMu;tm;jzifhvnf; tawmfcsrf;omaeNyDjzpf\/
pufavSrsm;rS 0ifaiG? aiGwdk;csxm;aom aiGrsm;rS0ifaiG? o&ufndKukef;rS 0ifaiGrsm;onf

atmifA'ifxHodkY waomaom 0ifaeNyDjzpf\/ OD;Zif;av;rSmvnf; w&m;udk ZGJESifh usifhaomaMumifh
aygifcsdefrsm;usvmojzifh atmifA'ifu q&m0efyifhum aq;ukay;ae&av\/
w½kwfBuD;tazmufu OD;Zif;av;ausmif;wGif csufa&;jyKwfa&; odrf;a&;qnf;a&;udk wm0ef,l&\/

atmifA'ifESifh 'Gg;wdkYonf OD;Zif;av;\ ausmif;odkY aeYwdkif; a&mufMu\/
OD;Zif;av;w&m;jzKwfcsdefESifh BuHKvQif OD;Zif;av;ESifh pum;ajymMu&\/ rBuHKvQif w½kwfBuD;tazmufESifh
pum;ajymMu&\/


]]atmifA'ifa& ... tck igajymrJhpum;[m ta&;awmhrBuD;ygbl;uGm ... 'gayrJhvnf;
ajymoifhw,fxifvdkY ajymwmaemf ...? wdkYvlawG[m toHk;eJY tjzKef;udk cGJjcm;NyD; rodbl;uG ...?
erlemav;wpfckajymr,f ...? 'Dausmif;rSm pm;aomufNyD;&ifaq;zdkY qyfjymcGufav;wpfcGufeJY

qyfjymwHk;av;wpfwHk; igtjrJxnfhay;xm;w,f ...? 'gayrJh qyfjymwHk;udk a&rpifbJ xnfhvdkufawmh
qyfjymwHk;[m a&El;NyD;aysmfoGm;wmayghuGm ... aysmfoGm;awmh oHk;vdkYrjzpfjyefbl;? topfxnfh&jyefa&m
...?
igwdkY wu,foHk;ae&wm qyfjymwHk;&JU oHk;yHkwpfyHkyJ oHk;ae&wmuG ... usefwJhESpfyHk[m

a&El;NyD;ysufpD;oGm;w,f ...? wu,fvdkY qyfjymwpfwHk;udk 3 usyfay;NyD; 0,foHk;&w,fqdk&if 1usyfzdk;yJ
oHk;&w,f ... 2usyfzdk; tvum;jzpfaew,f?
tJ'gaMumifh 'Dausmif;rSm ig qyfjymcGufrxm;bl;uG? qyfjymwHk;0,fNyD;&if azmufNyD;

BudK;eJYcsnfxm;w,fuGm ... NyD;&if wdkifrSm oH&dkufNyD;csdwfay;xm;w,f? tJ'Dawmh qyfjymwHk;[m
a&ppfNyD;cHwmaygh ...? 3usyfwef qyfjymwHk;udk 3usyfzdk; tjynfhoHk;&wmayghuGm? 'gu
tao;tzGJav;udk ajymjywmaemf ...?
rif;&JUvkyfief;rSmvnf; 'grsdK;av;awG &Sdaumif;&Sdr,f ... tJ'gav;awGudk &SmBuHNyD;

,dkaygufav;awGudk ydwfvdkufuG ...vl[m oHk;vdkY rrGJbl;uG ... jzKef;vdkYrGJwm ...}} [k qHk;rav\/
xdkYaMumifh atmifA'ifu
]][kwfygh w½kwfBuD;tazmuf&m ...}} [k av;av;eufeuf axmufcHvdkufavawmhownf;/
a a a a a a a a a


tcef;(24)
zdk;ukvm;\ezl; oDoDuav;
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r[kwfbl;aemf ... atmifjr'ifpufavS qdkwmawGvnf;ay:aeNyD ...rif;udk ykcHk;csif;,SOfzdkYayghuGm ...}} [k
w½kwfBuD;tazmufu ajymvdkufvQif atmifA'ifu
]]uRefawmfvnf; Mum;rdygw,f ... tJ'D atmifjr'ifpufavS axmifwJholawG[m wjcm;vlawG

r[kwfygbl;? wcsdefu uRefawmfeJY vkyfazmfudkifzufawGygyJ ...}}
[k ajymvdkuf&m w½kwfBuD;tazmufu
wpfckowdxm;&r,faemf ... ypönf;wifwJhtcg Oya'ucGifhrjyKwJh ypönf;awGudk rwifrdzdkY

ta&;BuD;w,f ... rD;[m odvdkYyJ udkifudkif rodvdkYbJudkifukdif ylw,faemf ... Oya'[mvnf; 'DvdkyJuG
... odvdkYyJ usL;vGefusL;vGef rodvdkYbJ usL;vGefusL;vGef tjypf'Pfusa&mufEdkifw,f ... tjypf'Pf
usNyDqdk&ifawmh udk,fh&nf&G,fcsufawG ysufNyDayghuGm ... tJ'gawmh aumif;aumif;owdxm;&r,fa[h }}
[k owday;av\/
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pDrHxm;ygw,f ...? cufwmu tJ'gr[kwfbl;cifAs ... zdk;ukvm;wdkY tzGJUu uRefawmfh pufavSawGudk
"m;jywdkufw,f ...}} [k atmifA'ifu ajymvdkuf&m w½kwfBuD; tazmufu
]]'guvG,fygw,fuGm ... pepfwus axmifNyD;zrf;vdkuf&if zdk;ukvm;rajymeJY zdk;oMum;awmif

rdEdkifygw,f ...}} [k ajymav\/
]]tJ'Dvdkqdk&ifvnf; vkyfay;prf;yg tazmufBuD;&,f ...}} [k atmifA'ifu jyefí ajymvdkufav\/
xdktcsdefrSmyif vGefpGmemrnfBuD;vSaom "m;jyBuD;iysm;udk oufqdkif&mrS zrf;qD;&rdoGm;jcif;jzpf\/

iysm;tm; &Hk;awmfrS trdefYrcsao;bJ axmifxJÜyif xnfhíxm;vdkufav\/ xdkodkY xnfhxm;NyD;aemuf
iysm;usL;vGefcJhaom jypfrIrsm;udk oufqdkif&mrS pkaqmif;pm&if;jyKvkyfaeav\/


wpfaeYwGif atmifA'if? 'Gg; ESifh w½kwfBuD; tazmufwdkYonf oajyyift&dyfatmufwGif
pum;ajymaeMuav\/ xdktcsdefÜ rsufESmwGif yg;odkif;arT;? rkwfqdwfarT;rsm;&Sdí OD;xkyfudk
cyftkyftkyfaqmif;xm;aom n§if;odk;odk; rIefukyfukyf vlwpfa,muf a&mufvmav\/
xdkolu tazmufBuD;tm;
]]tazmufBuD; ... usKyfa&mufvmNyDavAsm }} [k ajymav\/ xdktcg tazmufBuD;u
]]a&mufvm&HkeJY rNyD;ao;bl; udk,fhvl ... tvkyfvkyf&OD;rSm ...}} [k qdkum tjcm;aom tyif&dyfodkY

ac:oGm;NyD;vQif &Snfvsm;pGm pum;ajymaeMuav\/
n§if;odk;odk;ESifh vlvnf; acgif;wndwfndwfESifh em;axmifae&av\/
xdkYaemuf w½kwftazmufBuD;onf armif;ruefurf;ajcwGif "mwfyHk&dkufaom "mwfyHkq&mwpfOD;udk

ac:vmNyD;vQif xdkn§if;odk;odk;vltm; a&SUwnfhwnfhrS "mwfyHkwpfyHk? ab;wnfhwnfhrS "mwfyHkwpfyHk
&dkufapav\/ xdkYaemuf xdkn§if;odk;odk;vludk ausmif;Üyif ac:xm;vdkufNyD;vQif ¤if;url xm;0,fNrdKUodkY
wufav\/
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