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1.) Example data and a graph are shown below. Cylinder ID 1 2 3 4 5 Diameter Circumference (m) (m) 0.0120 0.0163 0.0195 0.0253 0.0390 0.0398 0.0505 0.0612 0.0797 0.1250
Theoretically, we expect the circumference to be proportional to the diameter. So it's no surprise that the graph above appears linear. Therefore, we draw a best fit straight line through the data points, find the slope and intercept, and write the equation of the line. This is shown below.
2.)
slope = (C2 - C1)/(D2 - D1) = (0.111 m - 0.015 m)/(0.0350 m - 0.0050 m) = 3.20 (units divide out) intercept = -0.001 m Equation of best fit line: C = 3.20D - 0.001 m The above equation is an experimentally-determined relationship between circumference and diameter. However, we also know from theory that C = (pi)D, where pi is 3.14 to 3 significant figures. Therefore, we can say that we expect the slope of the experimental relationship to be pi and the intercept to be 0. In this case, experiment and theory agree on the value of the slope to within 2%. This and the small size of the intercept are easily explained by the errors inherent in the methods of measuring circumference and diameter.