| Edible aquatic resources-

y Animal

y Plant
AQUATIC RESOURCES-
GOOD ANSWER FOR THE FOOD
PROBLEM | Edible aquatic resources-
y Fish
| Marine fish
| Freshwater fish
| Brackish water fish.
B.K. Kolita Kamal Jinadasa,
Research Officer,
y Non fish
Post Harvest Technology Division, | Vertebrates
NARA. | Invertebrates

EDIBLE FISH RESOURCES EDIBLE NON FISH RESOURCES

| Marine fish-
y Balaya | Vertebrates
y Kelawalla y Amphibians
y Thora | Turtles
y Parawa
y Salaya y Birds
y Mora (Shark) | Duck
y Halmessa | Seru
| Brackish water fish | Diyakawa

y Wekkaya y Mammals
y Godaya | Mora (shark)
y Anguluwa | Thalmasa (Whales)
| Dolphin
| Freshwater fish
y Tilapia
y Indian carp
y Chinese carp

EDIBLE PLANT RESOURCES

| Invertebrates
y Molluscan | Higher plant
| Squids /cuttle fish
| Octopus

| Bivalve
| Lower plant
y Red algae
y Arthropadians y Brown algae
| Shrimp y Green algae
| Lobsters
| Crabs

y Others
| Beach-de-Mer
| Echinodermates
 COMPOSITION
ƒ Water : 60 - 80 % FISH PRODUCTION-SRI LANKA
ƒ Protein : 12 - 24 % 2004 2005 2006
Highly digestible Protein, Essential amino acid

ƒ Lipids : 0.1- 20 % Near shore 154,470 63,690 85,860

Essential & Omega –3 fatty acids. fishing (MT)
ƒ Vitamins
A,D, E
Deep sea 98,720 66,710 62,170
ƒ Minerals fishing (MT)
ƒ Na, K, Ca, P

ƒ Carbohydrates
Total (MT) 253,190 130,400 148,030
ƒ Other

Dorsal fin Lateral line Caudal fin

Eye

Operculum

Mouth

Pectoral fin
Pelvic fin Anal fin

| 14. Neddlefish- Moralla/Maranda.

EDIBLE MARINE FISH | 15. Silver sillago- Kalanda
| 16. Anchovy- Halmessa
| 1. Big eye tuna- Es gedi kelawalla
| 2. Yellow fin tuna- Kelawalla | 17. Flying fish- Piyamessa

| 18. Splendid pony fish- Karalla.

| 3. Skip jack tuna- Balaya
| 19. Blue and gold fusilier- Bolla/Ahinbolla
| 4. Stripped bonito- Thora balaya
| 20. Ribbon fish- Sawalaya
| 5. Frigate tuna- Alagoduwa
| 21. Giant cat fish- Anguluwa
| 6. Mackerels- kumbalawa

| 7. Shark- Mora | 22. Mackerel fish-Thora

| 23. Black tip trevally – Atanagul parava.

| 8. Black Marlin- Koppara

| 9. Barracuda- Jeela | 24. Rays- Maduwa.

| 10. Sail fish- Thalapatha

| 11.Spotted sardinella- Hurulla

| 12.Goldstripe sardin- Matta salaya

| 13. Malabar grouper- Gal kossa

1. BIG EYE TUNA- ES GEDI KELAWALLA
o Scientific Name: Thunnus obesus
o English Name : Big eye tuna
o Same to the yellow fin tuna.
o Eye is larger than the yellow fin tuna.
o Difficult to identify small big eye tuna with others.
o Dorsal and anal fin small than other tuna.
3. SKIP JACK TUNA- BALAYA
‰ Scientific Name: Katsuwonus pelamis
‰ English Name : Skipjack tuna
‰ Body without scales except for the corselet and the lateral
line.
‰ The back is dark purplish blue, lower sides and belly silvery,
with 4 to six very conspicuous longitudinal dark bands which
in live specimens may appear as continuous lines of dark
blotches.
‰ Importance: fisheries, highly commercial.
5. FRIGATE TUNA- ALAGODUWA
‰ Scientific Name: Auxis thazard
‰ English Name : Frigate Tuna
‰ Bluish brown above with 15 irregular marking of blue or
green back.
‰ Silvery or white bellow.
‰ At the market sales this fish as a small kelawalla or Balaya.
2. YELLOW FIN TUNA- KELAWALLA, KENDA,
KAHAWARAL KELAWALLA
‰ Scientific Name: Thunnus albacares
‰ English Name : Yellowfin tuna
‰ Fish with very long second dorsal fin and anal fin, which in
some may reach well over 20% of the FL.
‰ Color is black metallic dark blue changing through yellow to
silver on the belly.
‰ The belly frequently has about 20 broken, nearly vertical
lines.
‰ The dorsal and anal fins and fin lets are bright yellow.
‰ Importance: Fisheries: highly commercial.
4. STRIPPED BONITO- THORA BALAYA
| Scientific name: Sarda orientalis
| English name: Striped bonito
| Back with narrow oblique stripes.
| Mouth moderately large.
| Importance: fisheries: minor commercial.
6. MACKERELS- KUMBALAWA, MAHA KARA BOLLA.
| Scientific Name: Rastrelliger kanagurta
| English Name : Indian mackerel
| A black spot on body near lower margin of pectoral fin.
| 5 fin lets.
| Two golden brown dot lines in upper part of the body.
| Blacks dot near the pectoral fin.
| Use the Jaddi production, because high fatty content.
| Importance: fisheries: highly commercial.
7. SHARK- MORA
| Several shark species use as food fish.
| 1. Hammer head shark- Udalu mora.
y Scientific Name: Sphyrna zygaena
y Head has a hammer shape.
| Silky shark-Jambura mora/ Honda mora
y Scientific Name: Carcharhinus falciformis
y Upper part of body dark blue color, lower part of body light
color.
y Mouth is in lower part of head.
| Milk shark- Kiri Mora.
y Scientific name: Rhizoprionodon acutus
| Shark fins- use of make soup, high price.
| Importance: fisheries: commercial.
10. SAIL FISH- THALAPATHA
| Scientific Name: Istiophorus platypterus
| English Name : Indo- Pacific sail fish
| Upper jaw like spear.
| Sail-like first dorsal fin.
| Vertically nearly 20 Light blue dot lines in the body.
| Importance: fisheries: commercial.
12.GOLDSTRIPE SARDIN- MATTA SALAYA
| Scientific name- Sardinella gibbosa
| English name- Gold stripe sardinella
| Body somewhat compressed but variable.
| A dark spot at dorsal fin origin.
| Max. size: 13.0 cm SL.
| Environment: Pelagic; marine ; depth range - 5 m.
| Importance: Fisheries: commercial.
9. BARRACUDA- JEELA/ULAWA
| Scientific name- Sphyraena jello- Jeela
| English name- Pick handle barracuda
| Scientific name- Sphyraena barracuda- Ulawa
| English name- Great barracuda
| In ulawa dark 5 blotches near anal fin and 18-22 blotches
near the lateral line.
| In jeela dark line in upper part to lower part.
| Some Jeela sp not so good for food.
Ulawa
11.SPOTTED SARDINELLA- HURULLA
| Two common type
| 1. Hurulla- Amblygaster sirm.
y English name- Spotted sardinella
| 2. Gal Hurulla/Mapola massa- Amblygaster clupeoides
y English name- Bleeker's smooth belly sardinella
| Hurulla-
y Upper part of body bluish-green color and lower part silver color.
y Presence of a series of 10 to 20 gold (in life) or black (on
preservation) spots down the flank (but sometimes missing).
| Gal Hurulla-
y Comparatively large.
| Use for the Jadhi production, because fatty acid content is
high.
| Importance: Fisheries: commercial
13. MALABAR GROUPER- GAL KOSSA
| Scientific name- Epinephelus sp.
| English name- Malabar grouper.
| Max. size: 31.0 cm TL.
| Environment: reef-associated; marine ; depth range 0 - 50 m.
| Global Importance: fisheries: commercial.
| Flesh is high taste- high price in locally.
14. NEDDLEFISH- MORALLA/MARANDA. 15. SILVER SILLAGO- KALANDA
| Scientific name- Hemiramphus far.
| English name- Black barred halfbeak. | Scientific name- Sillago sihama
| Round in cross section. | English name- Silver sillago.
| Greenish dorsally, grading to silvery white ventrally. | Body color- silver yellow.

| Lower jaw longer than the upper jaw. | Max. size: 30.0 cm SL.

| Max. size: 40.0 cm SL. | Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory;

| Environment: pelagic; brackish; marine ; depth range 10 - 13 | brackish; marine ; depth range 0 - 60 m.
m. | Importance: Fisheries: commercial.
| Global Importance: Fisheries: commercial.

16. ANCHOVY- HALMESSA 17. FLYING FISH- PIYAMESSA

‰ Scientific name- Stolephorus commersonii | Scientific name- Cheilopogon suttoni

‰ English name- Commerson's anchovy.
| English name- Sutton's flyingfish.
| Large pectoral fin help to flying.
‰ Body light transparent fleshy brown with a pair of dark
| Upper part dark blue-green color and lower part light color.
‰ Bears a silver stripe on flanks.
| Body round is cross section.
‰ Max. size: 10.0 cm SL.
| Use the dry fish production.
‰ Environment: pelagic; brackish; marine

‰ Global Importance: fisheries: commercial.

‰ High market price in locally also.

18. SPLENDID PONY FISH- KARALLA/ PENNA

Mas karalla

Hotu Karalla
‰ Three coomon pony fish sp.
‰ 1. Gazza minuta – Tooth pony- Mas Karalla.
‰ 2. Leiognathus equulus- Common pony fish- Hotu Karalla
‰ 3. Leiognathus splendens- Splendid pony- Katu. Karalla.

‰ Max. size: 28.0 cm TL.

‰ Environment: reef-associated; freshwater; brackish; marine ;
depth range 10 - 110 m.
‰ Importance: fisheries: minor commercial.

‰ Deep-bodied with short rounded snout and large eyes.

‰ Body silvery; caudal peduncle with a small brown saddle.

Katu karalla
‰ Strongly arched back.

‰ Protracted mouth pointing downward.

 20. RIBBON FISH- SAWALAYA
19. BLUE AND GOLD FUSILIER- | Scientific name- Lepturacanthus savala
BOLLA/AHINBOLLA | English name- Savalani hairtail.
‰ Scientific name- Caesio caerulaurea | Depress long body.

‰ English name-Blue and gold fusilier | Dorsal fin is around all upper body margin.

‰ Max. size: 35.0 cm TL. | Body color- Metallic blue.

‰ Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marin depth | Teeth very prominent and strong.
range 5 - 50 m.
‰ Importance: Fisheries: commercial and bait.

‰ Color: Upper body bluish, lower body white to pale bluish.

‰ Golden band from above the eye, running straight along the
body to upper caudal peduncle and continuing on the caudal
fin to the tip of the upper lobe, becoming near black on the
fin.
‰ A second similar streak in lower lobe.

21. GIANT CAT FISH- ANGULUWA

‰ Scientific name- Arius sp. 22. MACKERAL-THORA
‰ English name- Cat fish. | English name: Indo-Pacific mackerel.
‰ Max. size: 65.0 cm TL.
| Several mackerel sp.
y 1. Scomberomorus guttatus-Alu thora/ Anjilawa.
‰ Environment: Demersal; brackish; marine.
y 2. Scomberomorus commerson- Ahin Thora.
‰ Importance: Fisheries: commercial.
y 3. Acanthocybium solandri- Sawara
‰ Dorsal and pectoral fins with very strong, thick, and coarsely
| Environment: Pelagic;brackish; marine ;
granulated spine.
depth range 20 - 90 m.
‰ Body with metallic blue luster.
| Importance: Fisheries: highly commercial. High market
value in locally, because protein presentation is high.

23. BLACK TIP TREVALLY – ATANAGUL

PARAVA.

‰ Scientific name- Caranx heberi

‰ Max. size: 85.0 cm TL.
Alu thora Max. published weight: 12.5 kg
‰ Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; brackish;
marine.
‰ Dark bronze to yellow-green above, silvery bronze to
Ahin thora yellowish below.
‰ Identified by black-tipped caudal fin

‰ Importance: fisheries: minor commercial.

Sawaraya
24. RAYS- MADUWA.
| Several number's rays sp use as a food fish. FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE
y 1. Mobula kuhlii- Laser devil rays-Anga maduwa.
Water mass type Quantity/ he
y 2. Himantura uarnak – Honey comb sting rays- Koti maduwa
| Rays a live ground of the sea, body flattened. Large irrigation reservoir 70,850

| Long tail present lower part body. Medium irrigation reservoir 17,004

Minor irrigation reservoir 39,271

Seasonal tanks 10,000

Flood lakes 8,097

Mahaweli basin 22,670

HONEYCOMB STINGRAY Brackish water deep lagoon 80,000

LASER DEVIL RAY
Brackish water shallow lagoon 40,000

Total 381,941

| 2. Inland freshwater species.

EDIBLE FRESHWATER FISH |1. Clarias – Magura
|2. Stinging catfish- Hunga
| There are two category.
y 1. Introduced freshwater species. |3. Scribbled goby- Weligouwa.

| I. Chinese carp. |4. Butter cat fish- Walapotta

| 1. Big head carp |5. Hong-whiskered cat fish- Anguluwa
| 2. Silver carp

| 3. Grass carp

| II. Indian carp

| 1. Catla

| 2. Rohu

| 3. Mrigal

| III. Other

| 1. Common carp

| 2. Tilapia

2. Silver carp (Ridi carpaya)

1. BIG HEAD CARP (HISA LOKU CARPAYA)
‰ Scientific name- Aristichthys nobilis.
‰ Introduced from china, 1975.
‰ Head is prominent.
‰ Max. size: 112 cm TL (male/unsexed).
‰ Max. published weight: 21.3 kg.
‰ Environment: Benthopelagic; freshwater ; depth range - 5 m.
‰ Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4
- 4.4 years.
‰ Introduced to numerous countries and has achieved a
near global distribution.
‰ Occurs in rivers and lakes.
| Scientific name- Hypophthalmichthys molitrix .
| Introduced from china, 1975 & 1978.
| Body olivaceous to silvery.
| Max. size: 105 cm TL (male/unsexed).
| Max. published weight: 50.0 kg .
| Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time
1.4 - 4.4 years.
| Environment: Benthopelagic, freshwater ; depth range - 5 m.
| Distribution: Asia: China and Eastern Siberia. Introduced
around the world for aquaculture.
| Feeds on phytoplankton and micro zooplankton.

‰ Feeds mainly on zooplankton.

‰ Bottom feeding fish.

3. Grass carp (Thanakola carpaya)
‰ Scientific name- Ctenopharyngodon idella .
‰ Introduced by China, 1978 & 1980.
‰ Max. size: 150 cm TL (male/unsexed).
‰ Max. published weight: 50.0 kg
‰ Resilience: Low, minimum population doubling time
‰ 4.5 - 14 years.
‰ Environment: Demersal; freshwater ; depth range - 5 m .
‰ Feeds on higher aquatic plants and submerged grasses;
takes also detritus, insects and other invertebrates.
‰ Mouth is very small, scales large.
5. ROHU
| Scientific name- Labeo rohita .
| Introduced from India, 1981.
| Max. size: 200 cm TL (male/unsexed).
| Max. published weight: 45.0 kg.
| Max. reported age: 10 years.
| Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time
1.4 - 4.4 years.
| Environment: Benthopelagic; freshwater; depth range - 5 m.
| Feeds on plants.
| Body red or pink color, scales large.
7. COMMON CARP
‰ Scientific name- Cyprinus carpio carpio.
‰ Introduced from Singapoer, 1975.
‰ Max. size: 120 cm SL (male/unsexed).
‰ Max. published weight: 37.3 kg.
‰ Max. reported age: 47 years.
‰ Resilience: Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 –
14 years.
‰ Scales large and thick.
‰ Body grey to bronze.
‰ They are omnivorous, feeding mainly on aquatic insects,
crustaceans, annelids, mollusks, weed and tree seeds, wild
rice, aquatic plants and algae; mainly by grubbing in
sediments.
4. CATLA
‰ Scientific name- Catla catla.
‰ Introduced from India, 1981.
‰ Max. size: 182 cm TL (male/unsexed).
‰ Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time
1.4 - 4.4 years.
‰ Environment: Benthopelagic; freshwater; brackish ; depth
range - 5 m.
‰ Body deep, with depth 2.5 to 3 times in standard length, has
a large, upturned mouth , with a prominent protruding lower
jaw.
‰ Pectoral fins long, extending to pelvic fins; scales
conspicuously large .
6. MRIGAL
| Scientific name- Cirrhinus cirrhosus .
| Introduced from India, 1981.
| Max. size: 100.0 cm SL (male/unsexed).
| Max. published weight: 12.7 kg.
| Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time
1.4 - 4.4 years.
| Environment: Benthopelagic; freshwater; brackish ;depth
range - 5 m.
| Feeds on plankton, but also grazes on algae.
8. TILAPIA (KORALI)
‰ Scientific name- Oreochromis mossambicus.
‰ Introduced from South Africa, 1951.
‰ Max. size: 39.0 cm SL (male/unsexed).
‰ Max. published weight: 1,130 g.
‰ Resilience: High, minimum population doubling time less
than 15 months.
‰ Environment: Benthopelagic; freshwater; brackish ; depth
range - 10 m.
‰ Female and non-breeding male silvery with 2-5 mid- lateral
blotches and some of a more dorsal series.
‰ Breeding male black with white lower parts of head and red
margins to dorsal and caudal fins.
‰ Omnivorous, feeds on almost anything from algae to insects.
9. CLARIAS – MAGURA
| Scientific name- Clarias brachysoma .
| Common names – Magura, Walking catfish.
| Max. size - 50.0 cm TL (male/unsexed).
| Max. published weight - 3,630 g .
| Environment - Demersal; freshwater.
| Abundance - Common (usually seen) .
| Climate – Tropical.
| Distribution - Endemic to Sri Lanka.
| Biology - Inhabits rain forest streams and lowland rivers.
Feeds at night on fish, worms, frogs, tadpoles and
crustaceans.
| Comments - Occurs throughout the wet zone lowlands and
the central hill region of the Mahaweli River basin.
11. SCRIBBLED GOBY- WELIGOUWA.
| Scientific name- Glossogobius giuris.
| Common names – Bar eyed goby, Weligouva.
| Max. size - 50.0 cm SL (male/unsexed).
| Environment - Demersal; amphidromous; freshwater;
brackish; marine .
| Abundance - Common (usually seen).
| Distribution – Wide distribution.
| Feeds on small insects, crustaceans and small fish. Grows to
a much larger size in brackish water than in fresh water.
| Cannibalism is relatively common for this species.
| The body is brownish yellow with 5 to 6 dark and rounded
spots on its sides.
EDIBLE ARTHROPODS
| 1. Shrimps and prawns species.
| 2. Lobster species.
| 3. Crabs species.
10. STINGING CATFISH- HUNGA
| Scientific name- Heteropneustes fossilis.
| Max. size - 30.0 cm TL (male/unsexed).
| Environment - Demersal; freshwater; brackish; pH range: 6.0
- 8.0.
| Abundance - Common (usually seen).
| Distribution - Asia: Pakistan and Sri Lanka to Myanmar.
| Found mainly in ponds, ditches, swamps and marshes, but
sometimes occurs in muddy rivers.
| Can tolerate slightly brackish water.
| Omnivorous.
| In great demand due to its medicinal value.
12. BUTTER CAT FISH- WALAPOTTA
‰ Scientific name- Ompok bimaculatus.
‰ Max. size - 45.0 cm SL (male/unsexed).
‰ Environment - Demersal; freshwater; brackish.
‰ Depth range 0 - 2 m.
‰ Abundance - Common (usually seen) .
‰ Feeds on vegetable matter, fish, crustaceans and mollusks .
‰ Two pairs of barbells.
‰ Eyes small, covered by skin.
1. SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS SPECIES. 1. PENAEUS SEMISULCATUS-
| 1. Penaeus semisulcatus- Kola koti issa. KOLA KOTI ISSA/ KURUTU ISSA.
| 2. Metapenaeus affinis.
| Maximum length 350mm, commonly 120 - 200mm,
| 3. Metapenaeus dobsoni- Nala kaluwa. comparatively large species.
| 4. Penaeus monodon- Kara andu issa. | Habitat: Found on sandy or muddy bottoms up to 150m in
| 5. Macrobacium rosenbergii- Bandi issa. depth in lagoon.
| 6. Metapenaeus ensis- Gal issa.

| 7. Penaeus latisculatus- Kiri issa.

| 8. Penaeus indicus- Elissa

2. METAPENAEUS AFFINIS. 3. METAPENAEUS DOBSONI- NALA KALUWA.

| Body is grey-green to grey-blue. | Size: Maximum length 300mm,muddy and sandy bottom.
| Size: Maximum length 220mm, commonly 60 - 80mm. | Comparatively small in size.
| Comparatively small in size.

| Found on muddy bottom of less than 90m depth.

5. MACROBACIUM ROSENBERGII BANDI

4. PENAEUS MONODON- KARA ANDU ISSA.
| Color: Body green-brown to dark green with 1 yellow and
dark-brown transverse band across each abdominal
segment.
ISSA.
| Common name- giant river prawns.
| In adults 2nd pair of legs very large.
| Maximum 340 mm in males and 260 mm in female.

| Common name- Giant tiger prawn. | Habitat- freshwater, spawns in brackish water.

| Maximum about 270 mm in male and 350 mm in female.

| Largest Penaeid species in the world.

| Major interest to aquaculture.

 7. PENAEUS LATISCULATUS- KIRI ISSA.
6. METAPENAEUS ENSIS- GAL ISSA.
| Body generally light yellow to pale green. Each abdominal
| Body color varies with size from pale brown to bright pink. segment has conspicuous dark red lateral blotches. Rostrum
Juveniles (smaller than 60mm) are grey-green to dark green, and carina dark brown.
while adults (larger than 60mm) are pale brown-yellow.
| Maximum length 190mm, commonly 100 - 160mm.
| Maximum length of females 160mm and males 130mm,
| Found on sandy or gravel bottoms up to 90m in depth.
commonly 70 - 140mm.
|
| Habitat: Found on sandy-mud or muddy bottoms up to 95m
in depth.

2. LOBSTER SPECIES. (POKIRISSA)

8. PENAEUS INDICUS- ELISSA
| English name- Indian white shrimps. | Major 6 lobster species present in Sri Lanka.
y 1. Panulirus homarus-
| Maximum about 180 mm in males and 230 mm in
females. | Sand lobster- Weli Issa

| Major interest to aquaculture. y 2. Panulirus longipes.

| Duburu bathik Issa

y 3. Panulirus ornatus.
| Tiger lobster- divi issa.

y 4. Panulirus versicolor.
| Kola bathik issa.

y 5. Panulirus penicillatus.
| Gal issa.

y 6. Panulirus polyphagus.
| Mud lobster- Mada issa.

Panulirus homarus- sand lobster

Panulirus versicolor- Kola bathik issa

Panulirus longipes- Dumburu bathik issa

Panulirus penicillatus-Gal issa

Panulirus ornatus- Divi issa.

3. CRABS SPECIES.
| Major 3 species are economically important.
y Scylla serrata- kalapu kakuluwa.
y Scylla oceania
y Nil phinum kakuluwa.

| Distribute in all lagoons and estuaries in Sri Lanka.

| Caught by using crab trap.
| In Sri Lanka not common in crab culture, only wild caught
and crab fattening practices. Portunus pelagicus.
| Water crabs put in cages and feed till fleshy crabs, within
this time weight increase 100-200 g.
| Use for making fish feed died one, freshly have high price Scylla serrata
locally.

EDIBLE MOLLUSCAN SPECIES.

| Mainly important squids, cuttle fish, octopus and some OTHER EDIBLE SPECIES
muscles species.
| High price in locally as well as internationally. | Sea cucumber- Muhudu kekiri
| Very populer in the coastal waters of the North west, North
and North east.
| It is not consumed in locally, the entire production is
exported.
| Harvesting is mainly by skin diverse at depth of 2-16 m.

| High nutrition value in aquatic plants.

EDIBLE PLANT SPECIES. | Use to extract some food additives and chemicals.
y Agar- use Gelidium and Glasilaria sp.
| Freshwater species. y Alginic acid- use Kombu and Undaria sp.
y Nelum sp. y Carrageen- use Eucheema sp.
y Manel sp.
y Diya beraliya.
y Kankun.
y Kekatiya.
y Kohila
| Marine and brackish water species.
y Red algae- Glacilaria sp.,Porphyra sp., Gelidium sp.,
y Brown algae- Undaria sp.
y Green algae- Ulva sp.
 Glassilaria sp. Porphyra sp.

Gelidium sp. Ulva sp

Undaria sp

DERMOCHELYS CORIACEA (LEATHERBACK

TURTLES (KESBEWA).
| Dermochelys coriacea (Leatherback turtle)
| Eretmochelys imbricata (Hawksbill turtle)
| Chelonia mydas (Green turtle)
| Caretta caretta (Loggerhead turtle)
| Lepidochelys olivaceae ( Mud turtle)
TURTLE)
| Sinhala name- Dara kebewa, Wawul Kesbewa, Thel Kesbewa.
| The leatherback is the largest turtle and the largest living
reptile in the world.
| Mature males and females can be as long as six and a half
feet (2 m) and weigh almost 900 kg.
| The leatherback is the only sea turtle that lacks a hard, bony
shell. A leatherback's carapace is approximately 1.5 inches (4
cm) thick and consists of leathery, oil saturated connective
tissue overlaying loosely interlocking dermal bones.

ERETMOCHELYS IMBRICATA (HAWKSBILL CHELONIA MYDAS (GREEN TURTLE)

TURTLE)
| Sinhala name- Pothu kesbewa, Leli kesbewa, Pana Kesbewa.
| The hawksbill turtle is small to medium-sized compared to
other sea turtle species. Adults weigh 45 to 68 kg on average,
but can grow as large as 91 kg.
| The carapace has a "tortoiseshell" coloring, ranging from
dark to golden brown, with streaks of orange, red, and/or
black.
| Sinhala name- Gal kesbewa, Weli kesbewa, Mas kesbewa.
| Green turtles are the largest of all the hard-shelled sea
turtles, but have a comparatively small head.
| Adults can grow to more than 3 feet (0.91 m) long and weigh
136-159 kg.
| Adult green turtles are unique among sea turtles in that they
are herbivorous, feeding primarily on sea grasses and algae.
This diet is thought to give them greenish colored fat, from
which they take their name.
CARETTA CARETTA (LOGGERHEAD TURTLE) LEPIDOCHELYS OLIVACEAE ( MUD TURTLE)

Loggerheads were named for their relatively large heads. | Sinhala name- Batu kesbewa, Mada kesbewa.
Mean straight carapace length of adults in the approximately | Comparatively smaller turtle.
36 in (92 cm); corresponding weight is about 113 kg. | The adult carapace is olive-green color.

| The head is triangular shapes.

| Turtles are protected species in Sri Lanka.

| Sri Lanka sign international convenient to protect turtles,
nearly 1990 Bonn bills, and 2002 ISOCA bills.
| Gazette notification- 1993 wild animal and forest protection
notification.
| Two organization have to protect turtles with wild animal
protection department TCP (Tuttle conversation project),
IUCN.
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