Fuzzy Controller Based Maximum Power Extraction in Solar PV Applications

Presented by V.Raghavendra Rajan

Guided by,

Dr. M. Sasikumar, M.Tech., Ph.D.

Professor & Head, Dept. of Power Electronics & Drives Jeppiaar Engineering College, Chennai.

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Fuzzy Based Maximum Power Extraction in Solar PV Applications ed Maximum Power Extraction in Solar PV Applications E I N T R Based O DMaximum U C T Power I O N B O C K Fuzzy Controller Extraction in Solar PVL Applications

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OBJECTIVE

To Track the Maximum Power Output from Solar PV Panel in different insolation using MPPT Technique. The Boost converter is used to increase the input voltage. The Fuzzy Logic Controller increases the efficiency of the System. To implement the Stand-Alone application using SPWM.

The Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) forms a bridge between the source and load.

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INTRODUCTION

Solar energy means using the energy of sunlight to provide electricity.

Photovoltaic (PV) solar cells or panels directly convert sunlight into electricity.
PV cells are combined into modules called arrays, and the number of arrays used determines the amount of electricity produced.

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INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

HOW PEAK POWER IS TRACKED?

Peak Power is tracked by adjusting the impedance value of the load.

This is obtained by using an interface between load and module.

A DC/DC converter can act as an interface between load and module. Duty cycle of the converter needs to be changed for adjusting Peak power.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

(i) PV Panel Equivalent Circuit:

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
(ii) Boost Converter Circuit:

Output voltage Vo= Vs/(1-D) Output Current Ia = Is(1-D)

Inductor L=Vs*D/f*dI
Capacitor C=Ia*D/f*dV Where, D = duty cycle (Ton/ Ton+Toff) f = switching frequency

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

(i) Three Phase Inverter Circuit Diagram: Modes of Operation:

Modes Conducting switches Load Terminal Potential Vao Vbo Vco Line Voltages Vab Vbc Vca

1
2 3 4 5 6

S5, S6, S1
S6, S1, S2 S1, S2, S3 S2, S3, S4 S3, S4, S5 S4, S5, S6

V
V V 0 0 0

0
0 V V V 0

V
0 0 0 V V

V
V 0 -V -V 0

-V
0 V V 0 -V

0
-V -V 0 V V

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FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER

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E(k) C(k) Output

Duty Cycle to Chopper

E(k) = {P(k)-P(k-1)}/{V(k)-V(k-1)} ----- (1)

C(k) = E(k) E(k-1) ----- (2) E(k) --- Error [load operation point at instant k located on left / right of Pmax] C(k) --- Change in Error [expresses the moving direction of Pmax]
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FUZZY RULE
Vpv\Ppv NB NS Z PS PB

NB NB NS Z Z Z

NS NB NS Z Z PS

Z NB NS Z PS PB

PS NS Z PS PS PB

PB Z Z PS PS PB

Pkpv

= Vkpv* Ikpv

Pkpv = Pkpv- Pk-1pv Vkpv = Vkpv- Vk-1pv

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MEMBERSHIP FUNCTION

E(K)= ( Pkpv- Pk-1pv ) / (Vkpv- Vk-1pv )

C(E)=E(K)-E(K-1)

Change in Output of Fuzzy Controller (Duty Cycle)

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SINUSOIDAL PULSE WIDTH MODULATION

Three Sinusoidal reference waves (Vra, Vrb, and Vrc) each shifted by 120o.
A carrier wave is compared with the reference signal corresponding to a phase to generate the gating signals for that phase. The ninth harmonic in phase bn will be, Van9(t) = v9 sin.9t. Vbn9 (t) = v9 Sin(9(t-120o)) = v9 Sin(9 t-1080o) = v9 Sin9 t
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SIMULATION CIRCUIT

Integrated PV Panel with Fuzzy based MPPT Controller using MATLAB

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SIMULATION CIRCUIT (i) Modelling of Solar PV Panel:

Equivalent circuit of solar PV using MATLAB Maximum current (Im) of Solar PV MATLAB

Current generated by the incident light (Ipv) of PV using MATLAB

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Reverse saturation current (Io) using MATLAB

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SIMULATION CIRCUIT (ii) Modelling of SPWM:

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RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS (i) Boost Converter Output:

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RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS (ii) Waveform for R Load: a) Pulses for Inverter:

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RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS (ii) Waveform for R Load: b) Line Voltage of Inverter:

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RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS (ii) Waveform for R Load: c) Three Phase Current Waveform:

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RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS (ii) Waveform for R Load: d) Three Phase Voltage Waveform:

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D I A G R A M C O N T R O L S T R AT E G Y S I M U L AT I O N W O R K S & D I S C U S S I O N S P R J E C T R E F E R E N C E S S U M M A RY

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HARDWARE STEPUP FOR TESTING THE PROTOTYPE MPPT CONTROLLER

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D I A G R A M C O N T R O L S T R AT E G Y S I M U L AT I O N W O R K S & D I S C U S S I O N S P R J E C T R E F E R E N C E S CURRENT(A) 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.25 0.29 0.35 0.44 0.58 0.87 1.65 3.06 S U M M A RY

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POWER OBTAINED WITH PANELS ARE CONENCTED IN PARALLEL

SL. NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
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VOLTAGE(V) 17.3 17.1 17.2 17.2 17.1 17.1 16.9 16.7 16.2 15 11.3

RESISTANCE 1OO 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 5

POWER(W) 2.595 3.078 3.784 4.3 4.959 5.985 7.436 9.686 14.094 24 34.578
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D I A G R A M C O N T R O L S T R AT E G Y S I M U L AT I O N W O R K S & D I S C U S S I O N S P R J E C T R E F E R E N C E S CURRENT(I) O.33 0.37 0.42 0.47 0.55 0.65 0.80 1.02 1.39 1.73 1.82 S U M M A RY

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POWER OBTAINED WITH PANELS ARE CONENCTED IN SERIES

SL .NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
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VOLTAGE(V) 33.9 33.6 33.3 33.1 32.7 32.2 31.2 29.5 26.0 15.0 6.1

RESISTANCE 1OO 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 5

POWER(W) 11.187 12.432 13.968 15.557 17.987 20.93 24.96 30.09 36.14 25.95 11.102
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OUTPUT WAVEFORM

PWM

BOOST

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CONCLUSION

The proposed work demonstrated the state of art DC-AC power converter technology. Intensive literature survey has done on various maximum power point tracking system. Fuzzy Logic based MPPT controller is simulated in MATLAB with integration of the PV panel and Boost Converter. The simulation results shows the effectiveness of the proposed Sinusoidal PWM Technique. Simulation results showed that the MPPT algorithm using Boost Converter provides faster and stable tracking of maximum power.
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REFERENCES

Azadeh Safari and Saad Mekhilef, Simulation and Hardware Implementation of Incremetal Conductance MPPT with Direct Control Method Using Cuk Converter, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 58, NO.4, APRIL 2011.

Ahmed K. Abdelsalam, Ahmed M. Massoud, Shehab Ahmed and Prasad N. Enjeti, High-Performance Adaptive Perturb and Observe MPPT Technique for Photovoltaic- Based Micro grids, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 26, NO. 4, APRIL 2011.
Ch. Hua and Ch. Shen, Comparative Study of peak power tracking techniques for the solar storage system, in IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (APEC 98), Vol.2, 1998, pp.679 685. Jian-Long Kuo, Kai-Lun Chao, and Li-Shiang Lee, Dual Mechatronic MPPT Controllers with PN and OPSO Control Algorithms for Rotatable Solar Panel in PHEV System, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 57, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2010. Mummadi Veerachary, Tomonobu Senjyu, and Katsumi Uezato, Neural Network Based Maximum Power Point Tracking of Coupled Inductor Interleaved Boost Converter Supplied PV System Using Fuzzy Controller IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 50, NO. 4, AUGUST 2003.

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REFERENCES

Fang Zheng Peng, Z Source Inverter, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 39, NO. 2, MARCH/APRIL 2003. Nobuyoshi Mutoh, Masahiro Ohno, and Takayoshi Inoue, A Method for MPPT Control While searching for Parameters Corresponding to Weather Conditions for PV Generation Systems, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 53, NO. 4, AUGUST 2006. Nicola Femia, Giovanni Petrone, Giovanni Spagnuoloand Massimo Vitelli, Optimization of Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Method, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 20, NO. 4, JULY 2005. Oscar Lpez-Lapea, Maria Teresa Penellaand Manel Gasulla, A New MPPT Method for Low-Power Solar Energy Harvesting, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 57, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2010. Pallab Midya, Ken Haddad, and Matt Miller, Buck or Boost Tracking Power Converter, IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS LETTERS, VOL. 2, NO. 4, DECEMBER 2004. Villalva M G Modelling and circuit-based simulation of photovoltaic arrays, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2009 VOL. 25, NO. 5, PP. 1198 - 1208.
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