Hkkjrh; laxhr dk Lo.

kZ;qx%e/;dky
M fuR;f;k JhokLro
MhfQy]laxhr oh.k] bykgkckn foofo|ky;]bykgkckn Qksu: 09379629499, 09448173894 irk: C/o V.P.N. Srivastava 222D Jagmal ka hata,Allahabad-U.P.-211016 bZesy: nityapriya2215@rediffmail.com,nityapriya2215@gmail.com e/;dky lkaxhfrd f"Vdks.k ls vR;ar egoiw.kZ gS A blh le; gekjs ns'k ij eqlyekuksa dk vke.k gqvk blh dkj.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ij budk xgjk Hkko iM+k pwdh vke.k ds dkj.k vke turk dk thou dqN vLr&O;Lr lk gks x;kA ;gk rd dh bldk Hkko bruk xgjk iM+k dh bl vke.k us Hkkjrh; laxhr dh tM+s fgyk dj j[k nhA ;|fi bl dky esa eqxyksa dk vke.k gqvk vkSj cgqr ls mrkj p<+ko lkfgfR;d f"Vdks.k ls Hkh ns[kus dks feyrk gS fdUrq fQj Hkh bl dky esa cgqr ls ,sls 'kkld gq, ftUgksaus laxhr dks dsoy euksjatu ek= u le> dj bUgsa ;Fkksfpr lEeku Hkh fn;k A bl dky dk ,d fl) xzUFk ^xhr xksfoUne* ekuk tkrk gS &12oha 'krkCnh esa fy[kk gqvk ;g fl) xzUFk gS t;nso r gSA bl xzUFk ds 12 lxZ gSa ftuesa 28 xhr gSa vkSj lHkh esa 8&8 ds in gSaA xhr&xksfoUn esa jk/kk".k ds yhykvksa dk o.kZu gSA bl xzUFk esa 'k`axkj jl ,oa laxhr ls ifjiw.kZ gSA blh dky esa jfpr ia0 'kkjaxnso r laxhr jRukdj ,d fl) ,oa egRoiw.kZ xzUFk gSA bl xzUFk dh ekU;rk mkj Hkkjrh; laxhr rFkk nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr nksuks gh vksj gSA cM+s ls cM+k laxhrK bl xzUFk dks vk/kkj ekudj viuh jpuk djrs gSaA bl xzUFk ds Vhdkdkj gSa flag Hkwiky rFkk nwljs gSa dfYyukFkA laxhr jRukdj esa ia0 'kkjaxnso us lkr v/;k;ksa esa vius vU; dks foHkkftr fd;k gS& 1&Lojk/;k; 5& rkyk/;k; 2&uknk/;k; 6& ok|k/;k; 3&jke fodsdk/;k; 7&urZuk/;k; 4&kdh.kkZ/;k; 7 Lojksa] 63 vyadkj] xzke] ewPNuk] rku dj.k] tkfr dj.k] xhfr dj.k bR;kfn dk foospu bl xzUFk esa fd;k x;k gSA Loj ikp for Loj] Loj Jqfr foHkktu bR;kfnAbUgksaus viuk 'kq) FkkV ftls ekuk gS og vkt dy ds dkQh FkkV ds leku gSA budk ;g xzUFk laxhrksi;ksxh xzUFk gSA jktk ekuflag rksej ;1486 bZ0- 1516 bZ0) dh laxhr ds fr vR;f/kd :fp FkhA ^^bUgksaus dqN u;s jkx Hkh cuk;s ftudk uke viuh f; iRuh xwtZjh jkuh e`xu;uh ds uke ij j[ks tSls& xqtZjh]Hkky xwtZjh] eaxyxwtZjh] bR;kfnA mUgksaus ^eku dqrwgy* uked laxhr iqLrd Hkh fy[khA muds njckj esa fl) xk;d c['kw Fks ftudk uke rkulsu ds ckn nwljs uEcj ij vkt fnu rd vej gSA2

ckn'kkg ckcj&
bl dky esa Hktu bR;kfn dk Hkh pkj&lkj [kwc gqvk vkSj ckcj bldk Hkh lEeku djrk FkkA bl dky esa laxhr dh fLFkfr mPp voLFkk esa igqp pqdh FkhA ^^ckcj Lo;a ,d dq'ky xk;d Fkk ,oa laxhrKksa ds fr ds fr mldh vkUrfjd lgkuqHkwfr FkhA viuh ekSfyd lw>cw> ls oks xk;dksa dks le;kuqdwy lq>ko Hkh nsrk FkkA tc mlus Hkkjr ij vke.k fd;k rks vius lkFk laxhrKksa dks Hkh yk;k FkkA3

gqek;w dk dky&
;g laxhr dks dsoy euksjatu gh ugha vfirq lk/kuk o bZ'oj kfIr dk ekxZ Hkh ekurk FkkA bUgksaus vius 'kklu dky esa cgqr ls larks ,oa Hkf xk;dksa dks LFkku fn;kA gqek;w laxhr ds brus seh Fks fd ;q) ls ykSVus ds ckn laxhr lqurs FksA gqek;w us rks vius vUrdky esa laxhr dk nkeu ugha NksM+kA ;g le; laxhr ds f"V ls vR;f/kd fodflr FkkA

vykmhu f[kyth ds le; esa laxhr dh fLFkfr&

vykmhu ,d vR;f/kd egRokdka{kh rFkk laxhrf; 'kkld FkkA bUgksaus lu~ 1296&1316 bZ0 esa vius 'kklu dh ckxMksj vius gkFk esa yhA bUgha ds dky esa ^vehj [kqljks* uked laxhrK gqvk djrs FksA tks fd Hkkjrh; laxhr dks mPp voLFkk esa ykus ds fy, dbZ ok|] xk;u 'kSfy;k rFkk rkyksa dh mRifk dh tSls& rjkuk] xty[uD'k prqjax 'kSfy;k] rkyksa esa >wejk] vkM+k] pkjrky] lwyrky] [kelk bR;kfn ok|ksa esa flrkj] rcyk bR;kfnA laxhr dh f"V ls ;g dky le`) jgk gSA blds vykok vehj [kqljks dbZ jkxksa dh Hkh jpuk dh gS tSls& lktfxjh lgkuk] ftYQ cjkjh rksMh + ] liZnkZftyk] rksMh + &vlkojh] bR;kfnA

vdcj 1556&1605&
vdcj] gqek;w ds e`R;q ds i'pkr ek= 13 o"kZ dh vYi vk;q esa xh ij cSBkA vdcj us iwjs Hkkjr ij jkT; fd;k og ,d rkih 'kkld FkkA ^^gqek;w dh viwoZ dyk ykylk dks mlds iq= vdcj us iwjk fd;k mlus dyk dks /keZ ds lkFk lefUor djds Hkkjrh; tuthou esa u;s vkn'kZ dh LFkkiuk dhA4 ckcj vkSj gqek;w dh rjg vdcj Hkh laxhr dk seh 'kkld FkkA bUgha ds njckj esa ukSjRu Fks ftuesa ^^rkulsu** eq[k FksA vdcj vius njckj esa laxhrKksa dks cgqr lEeku nsrs FksA ;s Lo;a Hkh cgqr fo}ku Fks rFkk laxhr dh ckjhfd;ksa dks le>rs FksA buds eq[k njckjh xk;d rkulsu Fks tks ,d egku laxhrK laxhr lezkV FksA vdcj us rkulsu ds fj;kt ds fy, vyx ls O;oLFkk dh FkhA vkSj tc rkulsu fj;kt djrs Fks rks dksbZ mUgsa muds vH;kl ds nkSjku ck/kk ugha igqpk ldrk FkkA rkulsu ds cpiu dk uke ^rUuk* FkkA ;s cpiu ls gh laxhr ds fr :fp j[krs Fks buds xq: dk uke ^^Lokeh gfjnkl** FkkA bUgksaus gh rkulsu dks laxhr fo|k dk Kku fn;kA rkulsu dbZ jkxksa dh jpuk dhA ^fe;k lkjax] fe;k dh rksM+h] njckjh dkUgok bR;kfnA vdcj dk dky laxhr dh f"V ls Lo.kZdky dgk tkrk gSA buds dky esa ^cStw ckojk** uked fl) xk;d FksA buds vykok] ehjkckbZ

jft;k lqYrkuk&
^^rsjgoha 'krkCnh esa xqyke oa'k ds f}rh; lqyrku vYre'k dh iq=h jft;k lqyrkuk dks laxhr ls cM+k se FkkA og fo}kuks rFkk laxhrKksa dk vknj djrh FkhA muds njckj esa Js"B laxhrK jgk djrs FkA1 jkx rjafx.kh Hkh blh dky esa oha 'krkCnh esa ykspu dfo }kjk fy[kk x;kA buds bl xzUFk esa laxhr ls lEcfU/kr vusd i{k ij buds fopkj miyC/k gS tSls& jkx jkfxuh oxhZdj.k ds LFkku ij FkkV jkx oxhZdj.k] fu"k)xku o vfuc) xku] ckjg Lojksa dk o.kZu 7 'kq)

tks fd ".kHk vkSj xkf;dk Hkh FkhA jkenkl uked ,d vU; laxhrK FksA bl dky esa laxhr dh fLFkfr bruh mPp Fkh fd ;g Lof.kZe le; ekuk tkrk FkkA bl le; cgqr ls fl) fo}ku gq, ftUgksaus laxhr ,oa lkfgR; dks ,d u;k vk;ke fn;kA blh le; Hk dfo rqylhnkl th dk Hkh o.kZu feyrk gSA ^^rqylhnkl dk ;qx laxhr dk Lo.kZ dky gSA bUgksaus viuh xhfr fr;ksa esa bDdhl jkx&jkxfu;ksa dk lekos'k fd;k gSA ^^".k xhrkoyh** esa ;s nl jkx gSA Hklkojh] dkUg.kk] dsnkj] xkSjh] /kukJh] uV] foykoy eYgkj] yfyr rFkk lksjB* xhrkoyh esa bDdhl jkxksa dh ppkZ dh xbZ gSA** rqylhnkl us vius egkdkO; esa laxhr ds i{k dk /;ku fn;kA bl dkj dgk tk ldrk gS bUgsa laxhr ds fofHkUu i{k dh tkudkjh FkhArqylhnkl ds vykok bl dky esa ^dchj* th ds in feyrs gSa ftuesa dbZ jkxksa dk o.kZu feyrk gSA dchjnkl us vius lkf[k;ksa] inksa ds ek/;e ls lekt esa QSyh dqjhfr;ksa dks gVk;kA vdcj ds gh dky esa ^iq.Mjhd foB~By* uked laxhr ds fo}ku gq, ftUgksaus pkj laxhr dh iqLrd fy[ks& 1 lkx pUksn; 2 jkxeatjh 3 jkxekyk 4 urZu fu.kZ;A bu iqLrdksa esa laxhr dckjs esa tkudkjh miyC/k gSA vdcj dky okLrfod :i ls laxhre; dky FkkA

rd vkrs&vkrs laxhr dk iru 'kq: gks pqdk Fkk mlus ftl laxhr dks lquk og foykflrk ls ifjiw.kZ Fkk tks vkSjaxtsc dks drbZ lquus esa vPNk ugha yxrk FkkA ^^laxhr l'; dykvksa ds fr viuh for`".kk o ?k`.kk dk ifjp; nsdj vkSjaxtsc us lk{kkr~ i'kq% iqPNfo"kk.kghu: okyh mf dks lkFkZd dj fn;kA9 ysfdu vkSjaxtsc dks laxhr ds fr bl v:fp dk dkj.k laxhr esa O;kIr foykflrk FkhA D;ksafd vkSjaxtsc Hkh /kkfeZd O;f FkkA fdUrq mls ijekRek ls tksM+us okys laxhr lquus dks ugha feykA ^^vkSjaxtsc ds le; ftl ?kj ls Hkh laxhr ;k ok| dh / ofu lqukbZ nsrh Fkh ogk gh jkT;kf/kdkjh igqp dj laxhr ds ok|ksa dks u"V dj nsrs FksA10 bl dky esa Hkys gh brus dM+s fu;e laxhrKksa ds fr Fks fd xk&ctk ugha ldrs Fks fdUrq blh dky eas cgqr ls xzUFk Hkh fy[ks x;sA tks Hkkjrh; laxhr ds 'kkL=h; i{k dks etcwrh nku djrh gSA ^^vkSjaxtsc ds 'kklu dky es fl) fo}ku ^^ vgkscy iafMr **1650 bZ0 us ^^ laxhr ikfjtkr** uked xzUFk dh jpuk dhA bUgksaus viuh iqLrd esa 19 Lojksa dh ppkZ dh gh ftuesa 'kq) o for nksuks dkj ds Loj gSaA ^^dkQh** BkB dks 'kq) BkB ekuk gSA bUgksaus 122 jkxksa dh ppkZ dh gSA ia0 vgkscy us oh.kk ds rkjksa ij Lojksa dh LFkkiuk Hkh dh gSA Jqfr;ksa ij Lojksa dh LFkkiuk bl xzUFk esa miyC/k gSA ;g xzUFk iw.kZr;k laxhr ij vk/kkfjr ,oa laxhr ds fy, vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ xzUFk gSA11

tgkxhj&
tgkxhj1605&1627 Hkh vdcj dh rjg laxhr dk cgqr lEeku djrs FksA ;s Lo;a Hkh laxhr dh vPNh tkudkjh j[krs FksA mus njckj esa lnSo gh laxhr dh ppkZ&ifjppkZ gqvk djrh FkhA blds vykok xk;u&oknu] u`R; dk vk;kstu gqvk djrk FkkA buds njckj esa tgkxhj nkn] ijostnkn] e{[kw o getku bR;kfn fl) laxhrK gqvk djrs FksA ^^tgkxhj ds le; esa gh nf{k.k Hkkjr ds ia0 lkseukFk us nf{k.k laxhr i)fr ijkx focks/k uked ,d iqLrd 1610 bZ0 esa fy[kh x;hA tgkxhj ds le; esa ia0 nkeksnj feJ us fgUnqLrkuh laxhr ij ^laxhr&niZ.k* uked iqLrd 1625 bZ0 esa fy[khA5 ^^tgkxhj ds lEcU/k esa mYys[k kIr gksrk gS** mldh lkfgR;] dfork] Hkou fuekZ.k] laxhr] fp=dyk tSlh dykvksa esa cM+h vfHk:fp FkhA6 'kkgtgk&

ia0 O;adVe[kh 1690 bZ0&

nf{k.k Hkkjr ds fl) laxhrK FksA bUgksu a s ^prqnf Z Mdkf'kdk* uked xzUFk dh jpuk dh bUgksaus 12 Lojksa ls 72 FkkVks dh jpuk dh 72 FkkVks ls 19 FkkVksa dk pyu gS ;g xzUFk mkj o nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr nksuksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ xzUFk gSA l=goha 'krkCnh essa n; ukjk;.k nso dh 1660 bZ0 esa nks iqLrdsa feyrh gSa 1 n;dk'k 2 n;dkSrqd bl dky esa HkkoHk th dh rhu iqLrdas kIr gSaA 1 vuwi laxhr foykl 2 vuwi laxhr jRukdj 3 vuqikadq'k eqxy lYrur ds vfUre jktk Fks ^eqgEen'kkg jaxhys ftuds njckj esa laxhrKksa dh cgqla[;k FkhA buds njckj esa laxhr dh cgqr d FkhA buds njckj ^vnkjax* o ^lnkjax* uked nks lqfl) xk;d gq, ftUgksaus vusdks /kqzin o [;kyksa dh jpuk dhA mejko [kk] esBksckbZ vkSj [kq'kky[kk] Hkh bl dky ds mke laxhrK FksA12

'kkgtgk&
^^'kkgtgk dk dyk se Hkh fo[;kr gSA 'kkgtgk us ^^rktegy** dk fuekZ.k djk;k FkkA 'kkgtgk dks lkfgR; rFkk yfyr dykvksa ls [kwc se FkkA laxhr fp=dyk rFkk LFkkiR; dyk ds fo}ku mlls vknj ikrs Fks vkSj iqjLr gksrs FksA7 bl le; Hkh laxhrKksa us uohu jkxksa dk fuekZ.k fy;kA bjkuh laxhr dks Hkh lfEefyr fd;k Hkkjrh; laxhr ds lkFk tks fd laxhr esa lkSUn;Z o`f) dk dkj.k cukA ^^mlds njckj esa fl) xk;d txUukFk] dks ^dfojkt* dh mikf/k vkSj yky [kk dks ^xq.k&leq* dh mikf/k feyh FkhA txUukFk vkSj fnjax[kk nksuks gh pknh ls rkSys x;s Fks vkSj R;sd dks lk<+s pkj gtkj :i;s iqjLdkj Lo:i fn, x,A8 vkSjaxtsc ;1658&1707 bZ0): eqxydky esa lHkh laxhr ds seh 'kkld gq, fdUrq vkSjaxtsc dks laxhr ls ?k`.kk Fkh og oks laxhr dks gs; f"V ls ns[krk FkkA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd vkSjaxtsc dks Hkkjrh; laxhr dk /kkfeZd i{k lquus dks ugha feykA vkSjaxtsc ds le;

fu"d"kZr%
;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd e/;dky esa ;|fi lkaxhfrd ,oa lkaLfrd f"V ls cgqr ls mrkj p<+ko vk;s ftlls gekjs lH;rk ,oa laLfr dks vo'; gh {kfr igqaph fdUrq ;g dguk Hkh vfr'k;ksf u gksxk dh ;g dky lkaxhfrd f"Vdks.k ls cgqr le`) jgk D;ksafd tgka

lUnHkZ xzUFk%
1234Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; laxhr dk bfrgkl & i`0 73&74 laxhr dk bfrgkl& Lokfr 'kekZ] i`0 223 rkyksa dk 'kkL=h; foospu] MkW0 v:.k dqekj lsu i`0 26 laLfr vkSj dyk] okpLifr xSjkyk] &i`0 551

5-Hkkjrh; laxhr dk bfrgkl ewyrRo ,oa fl)kUr MkW0 Lokfr 'kekZ& i`0 228 6-Hkkjrh; laxhr dk bfrgkl ] Hkxor 'kj.k 'kekZ] i`0 68 7-Hkkjrh; laxhr dk bfrgkl ] Hkxor 'kj.k 'kekZ] i`0 81 8-Hkkjrh; laxhr dk bfrgkl& Lokfr 'kekZ] i`0 228&229 9-Hkkjrh; rkyksa dk 'kkL=h; foospu] MkW0 v:.k dqekjlsu] i`0 35 10-Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa laxhr & Hkxor 'kj.k 'kekZ &85 11-laxhr dk ;ksxnku ekuo thou ds fodkl esa& MkW0 mek'kadj 'kekZ& i`0 96 12-Hkkjrh; laxhr dk bfrgkl] MkW0 Lokrh 'kekZ] i`0 231