Energy Storage for Sustainable Systems

Storage is Needed to
Buffer temporal variations of loads and sources. Provide a constant, predictable source to the grid. Provide flexibility during dynamic market conditions.

Energy Storage Systems

Chemical Mechanical Electrical

Current CEM-UT Flywheel Module Design

3.6 kW, 3.66 kWHR, 53,000 RPM
Composite Flywheel
Damper and Backup Bearing Flywheel Housing Balance Holes

VG 12048.2.ppt

Motor Generator Stator Core & Windings Magnetic Bearing Sensors Radial Magnetic Bearing Caging Mechanism Phase Angle Sensors

Caging Mechanism Rotor Axial Position Sensor Magnetic Bearing Sensors

Combo Magnetic Bearing

End Plate Mount Titanium Rotor Shaft Composite banding for Motor/Generator Section End Plate/Mount

Damper & Backup Bearing Assembly

Motor/Generator Rotor Magnets, Back Iron

4000

Nominal Duty Cycle For Space Station Flywheel Battery 97.5

Speed 97.0 Flywheel Effic (%)

VG 12109.ppt

53

3000 Flywheel Output Power (W) Flywheel Efficiency 2000 Eclipse Power 1000 96.5

51

49

Speed (kRPM)

47

0 96.0 -1000 Recharge Power

45

43

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 Time (min) 60 70 80 90

95.5

41

Turnaround Efficiency=93.7%

Comparison of Lead-Acid Batteries, Flywheel

Batteries, and SMES
Lead-Acid Battery Storage mechanism Life (years in service) Technology Number of Manufacturers Annual Sales ($ in millions) Temperature Range Environmental concerns Relative size Maximum time to hold a charge Price ($/kW) Chemical 35 Proven ~ 700 ~ 7000 Limited Disposal issues Larger Years 50 100 Flywheel Battery Mechanical >20 Promising ~5 ~2 Broader, but still limited Small Smallest Hours 300 400 SMES Electrical ~20 Promising ~1 A few Controlled Small Smaller Days >300

Research Needs for Flywheel Batteries

Flywheel Materials Magnetic bearings Power conditioning