Chemistry Chapter 2

Instructions Good Luck! This assessment is worth 81 points. 1. The atomic number of an element equals the number of electrons in an ion of the element. (1 point) True False 2. 3. The atomic mass of an element equals the number of neutrons in an atom of the element. (1 point) True False 4. 5. When an atom with one electron in the outer orbit loses it, the atom becomes a positively charged ion. (1 point) True False 6. 7. A nonpolar covalent bond occurs when the two atoms of the bond attract electrons equally. (1 point) True False 8. 9. Hydrogen bonds form when hydrogen is shared between two non-polar molecules. (1 point) True False

10. 11. The elements in one period of the periodic table are 'related' because they have the same number of electrons in their outermost orbital, and thus have similar chemical properties. (1 point) True False 12. 13. The pH scale ranges from 0-14 with each unit of pH indicating a tenfold change in [H+]. (1 point) True False 14. 15. Matter exists as a solid, liquid, or gas. (1 point) True False 16. 17. Isotopes of an element contain the same number of protons and different numbers of electrons. (1 point) True False 18. 19. Most isotopes are stable, but some are unstable and break apart, releasing radiation. (1 point) True False 20. 21. Atoms can interact to give up, accept, or share electrons to produce a filled outer shell. (1 point) True False 22.

23. Ions dissolve easily in water because water is polar in nature. (1 point) True False 24. 25. Buffers are chemicals that can both take up and release hydrogen ions, thus maintaining pH changes in a chemical system. (1 point) True False 26. 27. The symbol of the hydroxide ion is (1 point) a. b. c. d. H3OH3O+ ON+ OH-

28. 29. Pure water has a pH of (1 point) a. b. c. d. 1 7 10 14

30. 31. Which of the following has the highest pH? (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. concentrated sodium hydroxide concentrated hydrochloric acid pure water concentrated sugar solution concentrated salt solution

32. 33. 9. According to the diagram, which of the following has the greatest concentration of hydronium ions? (1 point)

a. b. c. d.

urine milk of magnesia vinegar ammonia

34. 35. 10. A sulfur atom has 6 electrons in its outer shell, as a result it form ____ covalent bonds with other atoms (1 point) a. b. c. d. 2 3 4 6

36. 37. 11. How many protons are in an atom that has a mass number of 23 and an atomic number of 11? (1 point) a. b. c. d. 34 12 23 11

38. 39. In most elements, how many electrons are in the outer energy level of stable atoms? (1 point) a. b. c. d. 6 7 8 10

40. 41. 13. A substance dissolved in a solution is called a: (1 point) a. b. c. d. solvent colloid saturated solute

42. 43. 14. How many electrons can the energy level nearest a nucleus hold? (1 point) a. b. c. d. 1 2 4 8

44. 45. 16. What is the name for a negatively charged particle that travels at high speed about a nucleus? (1 point) a. b. c. d. proton electron neutron energy level

46. 47. The subatomic particles which determine the chemical properties of an atom are: (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. electrons. neutrons. protons. both protons and neutrons. electrons, neutrons and protons.

48. 49. Neutral atoms with the same mass number but different atomic numbers: (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. have the same number of electrons. are different elements. are the same element. are isotopes. both a and c

50. 51. Atoms with the same number of electrons are: (1 point)

a. b. c. d. e.

the same element. isotopes. ions. have the same chemical properties. insufficient information to draw a reasonable conclusion.

52. 53. Atoms with the same atomic number but different numbers of electrons are: (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. isotopes. elements. ions. insufficient information to draw a reasonable conclusion. both a and c

54. 55. If an atom of calcium gains a neutron it becomes a(n): (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. ion. molecule. isotope. a different element. insufficient information to draw a reasonable conclusion.

56. 57. The atomic number of magnesium is twelve and the atomic mass is twentyfour. How many electrons are found in the magnesium ion of MgCl2? (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. 24 18 12 10 8

58. 59. How many neutrons does chlorine (#c) have? (1 point) a. 8

b. c. d. e.

10 17 18 35

60. 61. How many electrons does a neutral phosphorus atom (#e) have? (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. 10 15 16 31 insufficient information available

62. 63. Which atom will form four (4) covalent bonds? (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. N Ca Cl P None of the atoms

64. 65. Which two of the atoms will have similar chemical properties? (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. N and Ca Ca and Cl N and P Ar and Ca N and Ar

66. 67. All of the following statements about isotopes are true except: (1 point) a. b. c. d. Some are radioactive. All isotopes of the same element have the same number of electrons. All isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons. All isotopes of the same element have the same number of neutrons.

e.

They exhibit the same chemical properties.

68. 69. Which of the following statements is true of electrons? (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. Electrons are randomly distributed around the nucleus. Electrons are major contributors to the atomic weight. Electrons have a negative charge and an atomic mass much less than atomic mass of an neutron. Electrons do not participate in chemical bonds. All of the statements are true.

70. 71. Which of the following electron configurations is most likely to represent an element that is an electron acceptor? (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. atomic nucleus, 2, 8, 0 atomic nucleus, 2, 8, 1 atomic nucleus, 2, 8, 4 atomic nucleus, 2, 8, 7 atomic nucleus, 2, 8, 8

72. 73. Because hydrogen is more electropositive than oxygen, the water molecule is: (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. ionic a good buffer hydrophobic hydrophilic polar

74. 75. An atom with one valence electron will most likely form: (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. hydrogen bonds. polar covalent bonds. nonpolar covalent bonds. ionic bonds. nonpolar interactions.

76. 77. Which of the following statements about a covalent bond is incorrect? (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. It results from the equal sharing of electrons by two atoms. It may form between two atoms of the same element. It may form between two atoms of different elements. More than one covalent bond may form between two atoms. It is stronger than a hydrogen bond.

78. 79. The atomic number of silicon (Si) is Si combines with hydrogen (atomic number = 1) by covalent bonding to form a compound. Based on the electron configuration of Si, we can predict that the molecular formula of the compound will be: (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. SiH Si2H SiH2 Si2H2 SiH4

80. 81. Calcium (Ca) has the atomic number of What kind of bonds does it form with fluorine (atomic number of 9), and what is the formula for calcium fluoride? (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. ionic, CaF2 ionic, CaF ionic, Ca2F covalent, CaF covalent, CaF2

82. 83. Consider the following hypothetical situation, atom A has an atomic number of 12 and atom B has an atomic number of If atoms A and B react chemically, which of the following hypothetical molecules would be formed? (1 point) a. b. AB A2B2

c. d. e.

AB2 A2B3 AB3

84. 85. Consider the following hypothetical situation, atom A has an atomic number of 13 and atom B has an atomic number of If atoms A and B react chemically, which of the following hypothetical molecules would be formed? (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. AB A2B2 AB2 A2B3 AB3

86. 87. Consider the following hypothetical situation, atom A has an atomic number of 14 and atom B has an atomic number of If atoms A and B react chemically, which of the following hypothetical molecules would be formed? (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. AB A2B2 AB2 A2B3 AB3

88. 89. Compared with a pH of 8, a solution of pH 5 has: (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. 5/8 of the H+ concentration. [H+] = [OH-]. 1000 times the hydrogen ion concentration. 3 times the hydrogen ion concentration. 1000 times the OH- concentration.

90. 91. Solution A has a pH of 3 and solution B has a pH of Which one of the following statements is correct? (1 point)

a. b. c. d. e.

Solution A is basic and solution B is acidic. Solution A is acidic and solution B is basic. Solution A has more hydrogen ions than solution B. Solution A is acidic and solution B is neutral. Both c and d.

92. 93. Acids (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. donate H+ ions to solutions. accept H+ ions from solutions. donate OH- ions to solutions. accept OH- from solutions. either a or c

94. 95. Which statement is NOT true about elements? (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. An element cannot be broken down into substances with different properties. An element consists of atoms and molecules. There is only one kind of atom in each type of element. All atoms of an element contain the same number of protons. Atoms of an element may contain different numbers of neutrons.

96. 97. Which statement is NOT true about subatomic particles? (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. Protons are found in the nucleus. Neutrons have no electrical charge. Electrons contain much less mass than neutrons. Electrons are found in orbitals around the nucleus. All electrons in an atom contain the same amount of energy.

98. 99. An atom's atomic number is best described as the number of (1 point) a. b. c. protons it contains. neutrons it contains. electrons in the outermost shell.

d. e. 100. 101. a. b. c. d.

protons and neutrons it contains. protons and electrons it contains.

Which statement does NOT describe a chemical equation? (1 point) The products are placed to the left of the arrow. The reactants are placed to the left of the arrow. The arrow represents the direction in which the reaction proceeds. Atoms must be balanced on both sides of the arrow.

102. 103. Which of the following biologically important reactions is NOT written as chemically balanced? (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. 104. 105. a. b. c. d. e. 106. 107. a. b. c. d. e. 6H2O + 6CO2 ? C6H12O6 + 6O2 [photosynthesis input and products] C6H12O6 ? 2 C2H6 O + 2CO2 [Glucose to ethyl alcohol] C6H12O6 ? 2 C3H6O3[Glucose to lactic acid] 2C6H12O6 ? 2O2 + 2H2O + 2CO2 [Cell respiration] All of the above are balanced.

Which statement is NOT true about ionic bonds? (1 point) One atom acts as an electron donor and another acts as an electron acceptor. Electrons are completely lost or gained in ion formation. An ion has the same number of electrons as a nonionic atom of the same element. An ionic reaction occurs between positive ions and negative ions. A salt such as NaCl is formed by an ionic reaction.

Which statement is NOT true about covalent bonds? (1 point) Covalent bonds form when an electron is completely lost or gained from an atom. A covalent molecule contains one or more covalent bonds. A single covalent bond is drawn as a line between two atoms. A pair of electrons is shared between two atoms for each covalent bond. Shared electrons allow an atom to complete its outer electron shell in a

covalent molecule. 108. 109. a. b. c. d. e.

Which statement is NOT true about water's properties? (1 point) Water molecules are cohesive, able to cling to each other. Water molecules are adhesive, able to wet substances other than water. Water is a universal solvent due to its polar nature. The temperature of water rises and falls very quickly. Ice is less dense than water and floats on its surface.

110. 111. If the pH of cytoplasm is approximately 7.2, the cytoplasm is (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. very acidic. slightly acidic. precisely neutral. slightly alkaline. very alkaline.

112. 113. Negatively charged particles of atoms with almost no mass are called (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. electrons protons neutrons ions polymers

114. 115. In the crystal matrix of ordinary salt, the sodium and chlorine are held together by (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. atomic bonds covalent bonds ionic bonds hydrogen bonds nonpolar bonds

116. 117. Products are made in chemical reactions involving the shifting of atoms of one molecule to another in substances called (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. 118. 119. a. b. c. d. e. buffers reactants compounds elements ions

Chemical reactions can be influenced by (1 point) temperature only concentration of reactants and products catalysts only a and b a, b, and c

120. 121. Two carbon atoms might be joined to each other by the sharing of two pairs of electrons, forming (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. 122. 123. a. b. c. d. e. 124. a single bond an ionic bond a carbon bond a double bond a quadruple (4 point) bond

Compared with a pH of 7, a solution of pH 5 has (1 point) 1/100 of the hydrogen concentration 5/7 of the hydrogen concentration very nearly the same concentration 2 times the hydrogen concentration 100 times the hydrogen concentration

125. A scientist conducts a procedure that causes Nitrogen atoms to gain neutrons. The resulting atoms will be (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. ions of nitrogen positively charged negatively charged isotopes of Nitrogen new elements with higher atomic numbers

126. 127. Capillary action is one of the forces that aids water's upward movement in plants. The more narrow the diameter of the tube, the farther the water column will rise. Capillary action is a result of water molecules (1 point) a. b. c. d. e. storing heat and thus moving faster because of heat of vaporization producing sufficient surface tension to overcome the pull of gravity having a strong cohesive force and attaching to the surrounding vessel walls having an adhesive force, which allows them to attach to the vessel walls being associated with hydrophobic molecules, which can result in upward movement

128. 129. a. b. c. d.

The atomic number of an element is the number of (1 point) protons protons and neutrons protons and electrons all the particles in the atom.

130. 131. If you wanted to know the number of neutrons in an atom of a given element, you would (1 point) a. b. c. d. 132. look up the atomic number. round off the atomic weight to the nearest whole number. subtract the atomic number from the mass number. divide the mass number by two.

133. a. b. c. d. 134. 135. a. b. c. d. 136. 137. a. b. c. d.

The formation of an ionic bond (1 point) involves a transfer of one or more electrons. results in a release of energy. helps atoms achieve a noble gas electron arrangement. all of these.

Atoms that have eight valence electrons would tend to (1 point) be very reactive. be inert. form positive ions. form negative ions.

The formation of a positive ion (1 point) occurs when an atom gains a proton. involves a release of energy. occurs when an electron is removed from an atom. occurs in covalent bonding.

138. 139. What type of chemical bond does the sharing of a pair of electrons form? (1 point) a. b. c. d. 140. 141. a. b. c. d. covalent ionic metallic double

What is the correct name for the compound, CaF2? (1 point) calcium fluorine calcium fluoride calcium difluoride monocalcium difluoride

142. 143. a. b. c. d.

What is the correct name for the compound, CuCl2? (1 point) copper chloride copper dichloride copper(II) chloride copper chloride(II)

144. 145. Consider the chemical equation: CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

The number of atoms on each side of the equation is (1 point) a. b. c. d. 5 6 7 9

146. When the equation __Li + __O2 __Li2O is correctly balanced, the sum of the coefficients is (1 point) a. b. c. d. 3 5 7 12

147. 148. The equation 2 C2H5OH + __O2 4 CO2 + 6 H2O is balanced by making the coefficient of oxygen (1 point) a. b. c. d. 149. 14 12 7 6

150. a. b. c. d. 151. 152. a. b. c. d. 153. 154. a. b. c. d. 155. 156. a. b. c. d. 157. 158. a. b. c. d. 159.

Which of the following are properties of basic solutions? (1 point) They turn the dye litmus red. They taste sour. They feel slippery. They react with active metals to produce hydrogen gas.

Which of the following are properties of acidic solutions? (1 point) They turn the dye litmus red. They taste sour. They react with active metals to produce hydrogen gas. All of these are true.

A hydrogen bond is (1 point) what holds the atoms of a water molecule together. a force between hydrogen atoms in adjacent water molecules. a force between the hydrogen atom of one polar molecule and another polar molecule. a force between a hydrogen atom and a metal.

In liquid solutions, the solute is (1 point) a solid. a liquid. a gas. all of these could be true.

A solution with a pH of 2 (1 point) is twice as acidic as one with a pH of 1. is half as acidic as a solution with a pH of 1. is ten times as acidic as a solution with a pH of 1. is one tenth as acidic as a solution with a pH of 1.

160. Which of the following solutions is likely to have a pH less than 7? (1 point) a. b. c. d. 161. sodium chloride ammonia carbonic acid pure water