slj uf}tdsf] ;f]r

dft[;QfTdstf M ;Eo / ;';+Ds[t ;dfhsf] cfwf/

Gff/LafbL cWoog

zAb ;+of]hg jif{ *, c+s (, k'0ff{s+ (@, @)^* k'if, sf7df8f}, k|sfzs M ;flxTo ;GWof

ctLGb| bxfn
gf/L jf dlxnf ;+;f/sf] cfwf cfsfz 9fSg] kIf xf] . ;Eotf / ;+:sf/ clg dfgj ljsf;sf] Oltxf;sf] cflb,
dWod / cfw'lgs ;a} o'udf dlxnfxsf] pNn]Vo / uxg pkl:ylt ePsf] kfOG5 . ;+;f/sf] cfwf cfsfz
9fSg] of] c+z eujfgn] ;[hgf ug{' ePsf] eg]/ k9\g] jf k9fOg] Oe gfd u/]sL dlxnf (h;nfO{ k|yd dlxnf,
eujfgsf] aRrf eg]/ a'lemG5) /, Tof] ;doaf6 PsfO;f}F ztfAbL (;"rgf / k|ljlwsf] o'u, ;Eotf / ljsf;n]
dfgj sNkgfsf] pRrtd ljGb'nfO{ :kz{ u/]sf] If0f cfh, clxn] / of] ;do;Dd cfOk'Ubf) of] If0f hlGdPsL
Ps cfw'lgs aRrL;DdnfO{ ;dfhsf s'g} g s'g} ljwf jf If]qn] km/s km/s kIfaf6 canf]sg, JofVof,
ljZn]if0f / rrf{ clg kl/rrf{df ;+nUg u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 .
ljleGg df]8 / 3'DtL x'Fb} ;fdflhs ;Eotf / dfgj ljsf;qmdsf] ;'?cft b]lv g} dlxnfx ;dfhsf]
ultzLntfdf cfkm"xnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpFb} cfP klg xfd|f] ;dfhn] To;nfO{ ;xL / ;sf/fTds lx;fan] k|If]k0f
ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . lje]b / e]befjsf] hfnf]n] 5f]k]sf] 5 dlxnfxnfO{ . ;dfh / ;fdflhs ultljlw clg
JofVof / ljZn]if0fx gsf/fTds / k|lts"n 5g\ gf/L efjgf, gf/L OR5f / ;fdfYo{k|lt .
;dfh / o;sf] ;+/rgf lkt[;QfTds 5 . k'?ifx cfk"mxnfO{ ;dfhsf] d'Vo c\u / k|d'v gful/s ;DemG5g\
. 3/sf] d'nLb]lv lnP/, ;dfh, ;+:yf, /fi6sf tx;Dd x'g] ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts, cfly{s / cGo k|sf/sf
ultljlwxdf k'?ifxn] dlxnf ;b:oxnfO{ pk]Iff ug{] ;+:sf/n] nfdf] ;do ;+;f/nfO{ lgoGq0f ul/ /x]5 .
xfd|f] ;dfh k'?if k|wfg 5 . ofxfF k'?ifx / pgLxsf] ljrf/ :yflkt 5g\, pgLx? lg0ff{os 5g\ / dlxnfx
pk]lIft .
of] lkt[;QfTds ;dfh xf], o;sf] ;f]r lkt[;QfTds 5 . oxfF k'?ifx lg0f{fos / dxTTjk"0f{ 7flgG5g\ . oxL
unt kj[lQn] xfd|f] ;DefJo ;Eotf / ;f]rsf] k|:km'6gdf nfdf] ;do u|x0f nufPsf] 5 . ;do;Fu} lj:tf/}
ljrf/x kl/jt{gzLn 5g, ;do / ;dfh ultzLn 5 . k'?ifx s]Gb|df g} /xG5g\ / lg0ff{os g} /xg' k5{ t
eGg] dfGotfdfly ax; x'Fb}5 . dlxnfx klg jf:tjd} ;Ifd, ;jn 5g\ eGg] s'/f ;dfhsf cGo ljleGg
k|of;sf k|;;Fu} kl5Nnf] ;do ;flxTo dfkm{t klg phfu/ xFb' }5 .
nfdf] ;do k'?iff/f, k'?ifjfbL lrGtgf/f / k'?ifk|]dL ultljlwjf6 k|lzlIft ;dfh ePsfn] xfd|f] ;flxTo klg
k'?if k|wfg / lkt[;QfTds g} lyof] . dflxnfx Jff:tljs ;fy;fy} ;flxlTos ;+;f/df klg pk]lIft, unt
kdf lrqflt Pjd\ sdhf]/ / c;Ifd kl/ro af]wssf kdf kl/eflift xF'b} cfO /x]sf lyP . ;dfh,
;Eotf, ljsf;, nflu k'?if ;fdfYo{ zlQm / ;[hgf (Manpower) nfO{ g} vf]Hg] k|rng lyof] / 5 .

t/ o:tf] k|lts"n / k|To'Tkfbs JofVofsf jfjh'b g]kfnsf] ;flxTosf Ps pbodfg, k|ultzLn / ;dfgtf clg
:jtGqtfk|]dL slj /d]z uf}td kfNkfnLsf] kl5Nnf] k6s k|sflzt s[lt ;Gtfg dxfsfAodf o:tf] k'?ifjfbL
;f]r / lg0ff{os k'?if eGg] ljrf/sf lj?4 Pp6f ;an / ;Ifd gf/Lkfq lrqfg u/]sf kfOG5 . k'?ifxsf]
;jn kIf / ;fdfYo{ k|:t't ug{] clg dlxnfxsf df r}F pgLxsf] sdhf]/ kIf, c;Ifdtf / c;\ult dfq}
lrq0f ug{] kl/kf6Lsf] k"0f{ / lg;Gb]x pk]Iff ub{} gf/LnfO{ ;an, ;Ifd, of]Uo, ;'b[4 ;Dk"0f{ ljsf;sf nflu of]Uo
/ ;Eo Pjd\ ;';+:s[t ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fdf oy]i6 Pjd\ k|d'v e"ldsf lgefpg ;Sg]] :yfg / x}l;ot lbPsf 5g\
sljn] / plgx?n] ;S5g clg ;Sg' kb{5 eGg] pT;fx Pjd\ pTk|]/0ff ;d]t l;l~rt u/fPsf 5g\ . Pp6f
dlxnf jf gf/Lsf] g]t[Tjdf ;Eo ;dfhsf] sNkgf jxfPsf 5g\ . dft[;QfTds ;fdflhs ;+/rgf ;+;f/df clxn]
ljWodfg a]lylt / ;d:ofxsf] zNoflqmof ug{ ;Ifd 5 eGg] a'emfpg pT;'s ePsf 5g\ cfgf kf7sxnfO{
cfkmgf]] s[lt dfkm{t .
o; cy{df pgsf] a'emfOdf gf/L, ljZj Oltxf;sf ljleGg df]8df ePsf pk]Iff jf cjx]ngfsf] kfq geO{, unt
sdhf]/ / v/fa kIfsf] dfglrq geO{ ;dfh kl/jt{gdf g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf v]Ng] / /rgfTds g]t[Tj lgefpg]
kfqsf] kdf lrlqt u/LPsf] 5 .
Pp6f ;jn, ;Ifd, of]Uo clg b'/bzL{ / ;+jfxs gf/L kfqsf] sNkgf pgsf] s[ltdf 5 . 5f]/fn] u5{ hf] sfd
5f]/Ln] lsg ul{b{g, xf]l;nL hf]l;nL 5f]/L sNkgf ub{l5g ;w} -k[i7 !&M Znf]s #@_ eGb} uf}tdn] 5f]/fn] ug{
;Sg] sfd 5f]/Ln] klg ug{ ;Sg], 5f]/L klg 5f]/f h:t} ;dfg tj/ jf Tof]eGbf pRr ta/sf] hf]; / xf]; k|:t't
ug{ ;Sg] zlQm / ;fdfYo{ ;lxt kb{fk0f ePsL x'lG5g\ eGg] sNkgf / ;Totf pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . o;
k|:t'ltaf6 pgL gf/Lsf] ;an / ;Ifd kIfnfO{ cfTd;ft ug{] / dft[;QfTds kIfnfO{ hf]8 lbg] ;flxTosf/ x'g\
eGg] k|:6 x'G5 . pgsf] h:t} efjgf, gf/Ljfbsf] JofVof ug{] Ps hgf bfz{lgs Barry n] klg JoQm ug{'
ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf] egfO Feminism challenges representation of the woman as Other
as lack as part of nature (134) sf] cy{ klg ToxL x'G5 ls dft[;QfTds ;f]rsf] k|j{4g ug{]n]
;flxTo dfkm{t dlxnfnfO{ cGo cyjf k'?if x}g, c?x x'g\ / logLx k'?if a/fa/ 5}gg\ eg]/ b]vfpg vf]Hg]
k|yfnfO{ wSsf lbg] s'/f k|:6 kfb{5 .
gf/LnfO{ unt kIfaf6 dfq} lrqf\sg ug{] ;flxTox klg 5g\ / ltgLxn] dlxnfsf gsf/fTds kIfx dfq}
b]vfpF5g\ . Ps hgf k|frLg ljfg yf]d;sf] ljrf/nfO{ AofVof ug]{ qmddf plg eG5g\ The girl child
represents a defective human being, the result of an accident to the male sperm
(McLaughlin: 217). Women is not to be scorned, she is deep of richness, a warm
spring, but she should give up all personal transcendence and confine herself to
furthering that of male (Beauvoir 994). o:tf egfO / ljrf/xsf] k|jfx u/]s} sf/0f klg a'em\g
;lsG5 ls gf/Lx?nfO xb} ;Dd ckdfg / ckx]ngf ul/Psf] lyof].
t/ oL unt ;f]rfOsf] k|lt/f]w ub}{, To;sf] ljkIfdf gf/Lxsf] ;antf / ;Ifdtf phfu/ u/fpg] cys /
cAan k|of;sf ;fy uf}td km]l/ n]V5g 5f]/L x'g\ b]zsL /Tg, of] d]/f] dg eGb5-@*M!^_. pgsf] a'emfOdf
gf/L, 5f]/L pk]Iff jf cjx]ngfsf] kfq geO{ ;f}efUodo /Tg jf df]tL 5g\ . 5f]/LnfO{ ax'd"No, ;bu'0fL / ;Dk"0f{
kdf ;an kfqsf kdf JofVof u/]sf 5g\ .

gf/L sdhf]/ kfq x'g,] ;fdflhs ;Eotfleq lylrP/, k]lnP/, /xg'kg{], cj1f Pjd\ ckx]ngfn] el/Psf] hLjg
lhpg'kg{] h:tf kIfx / jfWoftfxdf /x]sf lyP . ;dfhdf x'g] ljsf; ;Eotf Pjd\ kfGt/0f g t
dlxnfsf kIfdf x'g ;s]sf lyP, g t ltgLxdf dlxnfsf] s'g} of]Ufbfg /xGYof] . ;Dk"0f{ ljsf; / ;+;f/sf]
;Eotf g} k'?ifjfbL /x]sf] / k'?ifsf] efjgf clg cfr/0fsf] ;ultdf dfq} /x]sf] s'/f /fd|};Fu ;flxTodf pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 . kZrLdf ;flxTo hut\sf Ps cu|0fL ;flxTosf/ Abram n] Western civilization is
pervasively patriarchal that is male centered and controlled, and organized and
conducted in such a way as to subordinate women in all cultural domains; familial,
religious, political, economical, social, legal, and artistic (89) eGb} k?if / dlxnf ljrsf]
e]befjnfO{ k|:6 kf/]sf 5g\ .
o;sf] l7s ljk/Lt ;flxTosf/ uf}tdn] w/f kfqnfO{ (gf/L kfq eP klg pgL) cFWof/f]df j:g'kg{,] ;Eotf /
;Ifdtfaf6 lt/:s[t x'g'kg{] jf k'?ifk|wfg ;dfhd} pgLxf/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf] kfGtl/t ;+/rgfleq cfgf]
kl/ro / ;Gt'li6 vf]Hg'kg{] afWofTds kl/l:yltnfO{ l5rf]Ng ;Sg] agfO{, gf/L kfq cfkmF} cu|ufdL ;fdflhs
kfGt/0fdf lg0f{fos / g]t[Tjbfos e"ldsf v]Ng ;s]sf] jf ;Sg] ePsf] JofVof u/]sf 5g\ . w/f /
ljZjsdf{sf] ljjfx k"0f{ eO uof] . hftkft ;a} e]b ToxfF IfL0f xF'b} uof]-!!!M(^_ . uf}tdsf oL cleJolQmxn]
w/f :jod\ ;dfhsf] kfGt/0f ug{ ljZjsdf{;Fu ljjfx ug{ tTk/ /lxg\ eGg] hgfpFb5 . pgL sf]xL s;}sf]
k|nf]eg jf qf;df geO{ ;fdflhs s'/Llt / ?l9jfbL ;f]rnfO{ xjnf lbg b[9 ;snNk ;lxt plePsL 5g\ .
h;df w/f ;an, ;Ifd / cu|0fL ;'wf/fTds g]t[sf] kdf l5g\ .
;flxTodf nfdf] ;do dlxnf kfq / k'?if kfqnfO{ lrq0f ubf{ k|of]u ePsf] e]befjk"0f{ / c;fdfGo kdf
cjnDag ul/Psf] n}ls k|fyldstfnfO{ Ganets n] cfgf] lgjGw Power ,Body and Difference df
Needless to say, these legal, psychoanalytical and social understanding or the
females body have been articulated from the perspective of male writers, who take
it upon themselves to represent women, femaleness and femininity. From this
perspective it is not surprising that women are represented as pale shadows and
incomplete complements to the more excellent type man eGg'ePsf] 5 . ;flxTodf
k|of]u ePsf dlxnf kfq dlxnfnfO{ pT;flxt / ;an jgfpg eGbf klg cem j9L lx+;f / e]befj km:6fpg
;3fpg] vfnsf 5g . dlxnf kfqnfO{ cz'esf ;\s]t / ;d:ofsf kl/af]wssf clg k'?if lgolGqt k/flwg
k|f0fLsf kdf JofVof / ljZn]if0f ul/Psf 5g\ eGg] pxfFsf] ljrf/ 5 .
t/ dft[;tfTds ;f]rn] el/Psf] uf}tdsf] s[ltdf dlxnfsf af/]df pNn]Vo JofVof dfq} geO sg, dlxnfnfO{
k|d'v kfqsf] kdf lrlqt ul/Psf] ;d]t 5 . ltg} dlxnfsf] ;f]r, c7f]6, ;antf / lgk"0f{ sfo{sf] kl/df0f
:jk ;dfhdf 7'nf 7'nf ;fdflhs ;d:ofsf 6'f] nfu]sf clg ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf] / nf]ssf] hLjgn]
;Gt'li6d"ns k|ultky ofqf ;'?cft ug{ ;s]sf] JofVof ;d]t sljtfTds z}nLdf g} noj4 ul/ lbg' ePsf] 5 .
b]z 3ft u/L lx8\g] g]tfsf] lnO{ uw{g
b]jLsf] kfpdf /fVg ;Sg] xf]pg hgfb{g
;fFRr} 5g b]jtf xfd|f sNof0f ltgn] u?g\

b]zsf lgDtL emf]nL yfK5', emf]nL pgn] e?g-!!!M!)$!)%_

eGb} ;Dk"0f{ b]zsf] lglDt w/fsf] of]ubfg, ;sf/fTds kxn / lg0ff{os sbd sf] cfu|x ul/ /x]5g .

dlxnf / pgLxsf] ;fdfYo{, ;Ifdtf sf] af/]df snd rnfpg' kg]{ eGb} Lois n]Vb5g All the feminist
activity, including feminist theory and literary criticism, has as its ultimate goal to
change the world by promoting womens equality (93) / The first to argue that
women arent born woman but rather conditioned to be feminine by patriarchy
(96) . pgsf] egfOdf dlxnf ePsf sf/0fn] jf pgLx sf] jgfj6 jf ;+/rgfn] jf s'g} To:tf] ckl/jt{gLo
zfZjt s'/fn] k5fl8 kfl/Psf ge} k'?ifx f/f ;[lht / ;+/lIft k'?if of]uL, ;'xfpFbf] / ;utLo ;f]r ;+/rgf
clg Jofjxf/ / ljrf/sf sf/0f k5fl8 kfl/Psf x'G5g\ dlxnfx?. h;jf6 ;[lht / lgolGqt ;f]rfO clg ;dfh
lkt[;tfTds aGb5 . h;df dlxnf pk]lIft x'G5g\ . pgLx gful/s geO{ j:t'sf] kdf /xG5g\ . pgLx
klg dfgj x'g, Ifdtf, kf/blz{tf, ;antf, sfo{s'zntf, g]t[Tj Ifdtf dlxnf;Fu klg x'G5 eGg] g t cfefif
u/fOG5 g t cfTdf;fy . w]/} h;f] 7fpFdf dlxnf kfqx v/fj e"ldsfdf jf lg0ff{os e"ldsf ljxLg 5g\ .
pgLxdf sdhf]/L c;Ifdtf ckl/kStf, c1fgtf, ca'emkg, gLrtf dfq} ha/h:t kdf k|]if0f ul/G5 .
o:tf] c;fdfGo k|sf/sf] n}ls lje]bsf/L ;flxTo l;h{gfsf] :j]R5frf/L Oltxf;nfO{ ljyf]Nb} slj uf}tdn] eg]
;an dlxnf kfqnfO{ d'Vo kIf sf] kdf kbfk{0f u/fPsf 5g\ cfgf] s[ltdf . 5f]/Lsf] ljtf b]Vbf crnf
:tAw g} eOg\ M
;f]r] eGbf klg cfxf w/f t jl9g} eOg\
sNkgf pgsf] ;To ljkgf g} x'g] eof]
ljuF|sf] b]zn] /fd|f] g]t[Tj kfpg] eof] .-#)M!,@_
eGb} slj uf}tdn] w/f Ps c;fdfGo ljtfsL vfgL, 1fgn] el/PsL k'~hsf kdf JofVof u/]sf 5g\ . 3/fsf]
1fg, ljtf b]Vbf crnf jf w/fsL cfdf :tAw g} x'lGyg\ . o;/L kfNkfnLn] ;fdfGotof ;flxTodf k|fo h;f]
lrq0f ul/g] clzlIft, sdhf]/, c1fgL Pjd\ ca'em gf/Lkfqsf] k'0f{ alxisf/ ub{} w/fnfO{ km/s df]8af6 k|:t't
u/]sf 5g\ . olt dfq geO{ pgsf kl5Nnf @ k\lQm xn] uf}tdsf] dft[;QfTds ;f]r / a'emfOnfO{ lbzflgb]{z
ub{5 .
w/f ljfg, 1fgL / c;n x'g' cjZo klg w/fsf] JolQmut hLjg / o;sf cGo kIfxsf nflu /dfOnf /
v';Lsf If0fx x'g\ . t/ ljt w/fs} sf/0fn] jf pgsf] g]t[Tjn] ljuF|bf] b]z, 3/fzoL b]z ;kmntf /
l:y/tflt/ pGd'v x'g] JofVof n] uf}td ;du| ljsf;sf nflu dft[;QfTds ;fdflhs ;+/rgfdf ljZjf; ug{]
slj x'g\ eGg] a'lemG5 . clxn];Dd b]z lalu|Psf] ck]lIft pknlAw k|fKt gu/]sf], cwf]ultsf] kydf nlDsPsf] /
o;df ljBdfg /x]sf ;a} vfn] s'/Llt, a]lylt, ei6frf/, cGofo, cTofrf/, ck/fwLs/0f, ljlgdf{0f sf] cj:yf
nfO{ w/fsf] g]t[Tjn] kG5fpg] / b]zdf hg ck]lIft s[ofsnfk cufl8L j9\g] ljZjf; af]s]sf 5g\ sljn] . o;/L
pgL dft[;QfTds ;dfh / ;+/rgfdf ;Eotf, ;+:sf/ / ljsf;sf kyx j9L ;DefJo / ;'/lIft x'G5g eGg]
ljZjf; ub{5g\ eGg] a'lemG5 .

;dfhsf ljleGg txdf km/s k|sf/sf ;f+:s[lts, cfly{s,/fhg}lts, wfld{s h:tf cfwf/x v8f u/L To;sf]
cjnDagn] gf/Lx?nfO{ lsgf/Ls/0f ug{] n}ls lje]b pGd'v, cj}1flgs k/Dk/f / o;sf] unt kl/0ffdjf6
;[lht lrGtgn] gf/Lx cjnf, c;Ifd / sdhf]/ x'G5g eGg] dfGotf ha/h:t :yflkt u/fpg vf]h]sf] 5 .
jf:tljs / ;flxlTos b'a} ljZj uf]nfw{df ;Ifdtf / c;Ifdtfsf] lgwf{/0f ug{ df}sf / kl/If0f cfjZos x'G5g\
. df}sf g} glbO{, kl/If0f g} gu/L, Pp6f lglZrt dfGotf agfP/ To;}nfO{ ckl/jt{gLo / cIf'0f ljrf/ dfGb}
lx8\g] xf] eg] Tof] ljrf/ geP/ cGofo xf] . gf/Ldfly ePsf o:tf lje]bsf/L ;'rsf\sx kl/If0f dfkm{t ge}
k|fof]lht kdf lgsflnPsf k|df0fxLg lgisif{ x'g\ . h;sf] sf/0f o;sf] 9f]n ahfP/ k'?if k|wfg ;f]r,
Jofjxf/ / lrGtg ha/h:t y'kfl/Psf] x'G5 xfd|f] ;dfhdf . h;nfO{ McLaughlin sf] egfO "The role
of prototypical women Eve in the fall of man worsens the natural subordination in
to the punishment of male domination (218) n] ;d]t :ki6 kfb{5 . ha/ h:t kdf
;flxlTos ;+;f/df dg u9Gt] / ;gs jf :j]R5frf/L kdf dlxnfnfO{ sdhf]/, cgfjZos af]lemnf], 3[0ff
nfos, cs'zn, c;Ifd, cg'ko'Qm / cJofjxfl/s lgDg :t/sf] c;Eo dfgjsf] :yfgdf /flvPsf] x'G5 .
oBlk o:tf kIf / lx+;f dfly ;zSt d'sflanf x'g'kg{] / To;sf] k|lt/f]w df dft[;QfTdstfsf] k|j4{g ug{]
;flxTo ;[hgfn] b|'tt/ kdf ult lng'kg{] s'/f ljleGg ;do, :yfg jf sf]0fdf afSn} kdf k|:km'6g eO /x]sf
5g\ . k'?ifjfbL ;f]raf6 n]lvPsf zAb / s[ltx dlxnfsf nflu jf:tljs / ;'xfFpbf] x'g g;Sg] eGb}
dft[;QfTdstfsf af/]df ;zSt cfafh p7fpg] ;flxTosf/ Pjd\ lrGts Woolf n] eGg'ePsf] 5M This
is a mans sentence; behind it one can see Johnson, Gibbon and the rest it was
sentence that was unsuitaed for womens use[ ] indeed, since such freedom and
fullness of expression are the essence of the art, such a lack of tradition, such a
scarcity and inadequacy of the tools, must have told enormously upon the writng of
women (825)
. pxfFsf] egfO cg';f/ dlxnfd'vL ;dfh, dlxnfsf] l:ylt kfGt/0f / dft[;QfTds ;Eotfn] :yfg lngnfO{
klxn] ;flxlTos ;+;f/df ;zSt, ;Ifd / ;an clg of]Uo / lgk"0f{ dlxnf kfqx kbfk{0f u/fO{ ltg} kfqx
dfkm{t ;d:t dlxnfsf] dgf]jn pRr u/fpg'kg{] / ;f]xL kfqsf] pbfx/0f ;lxt cGo dlxnfxsf] l:ylt ;'b[9
ug{ pT;flxt / ;+slNkt agfpg'kg{] ljrf/ JoQm ePsf] 5 . Langermann and Brantley sf] egfO
Third feminist theory is critical and activist on points on behalf of the women,
seeking to produce a better world for women -and thus, it argues for humankind n]
;d]t dlxnfjfb;Fu ;DaGw /fVg] l;4fGtx k|ydtM dlxnfsf] pGd'lQmsf] nflu / cGttf]uTjf ;Dk"0f{ ;dfhsf]
/ dfgjsf] ;d[l4sf]nflu x'g] AofVof u/]sf] 5 .
To:t} ljrf/ / efjgfx ax]sf 5g\, slj uf}tdsf s[ltdf . pgL cfgf] ;flxTo dfkm{t cToGt} u'0fjfg\,of]Uo /
k|z+;gLo g]t[Tjbfos dlxnf kfq sf] hGd u/fpF5g\ . pgn] :yflkt u/fPsL kfq b]zs} sfFr'nL km]/fpg] Ps
clj:d/0fLo hggL x'g] / x'g'kg{] pT;fx lbO /x]sf 5g\ . hfp 5f]/L w/} hfp b]zsL gflosf eP, w]/} x'G5g\
ljufg{] xf]l;of/ ;wF} /x]-^^M!^_ eGb} 5f]/LnfO{ b]zsL gflosf, ;dfh / /fi6sf nflu cf}iflw / /f]uL b]zsf]
pkrf/ u/L k'ghL{jg lbg] s'zn zNolqmofsdL{ x'g pT;flxt u/fO /x]sf 5g\ . 5f]/Ln] klg c;dfgtf /
csNkgLo of]ubfg lbg ;Sg] eGb} To;sf nflu dgf]an pRr u/fO /x]sf 5g\ . pgL 5f]/Lx b]zsf] g]t[Tjdf
x'g'kb{5, 5f]/Lxn] lg0ff{os / o'ufGtsf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{'kb{5 eGg] ljZjf; /fVb5g\ .

ljsf; / ;Eo clg bl/nf] cfly{s ljsf;sf kIfxdf snd rnfpg] ljZj ljVoft lrGts, ljZn]ifs,
cy{zf:qdf ;g !((& sf] gf]j]n k'/:sf/ ljh]tf cy{zf:qL cd/fTo ;]gn] ;d]t pgsf] k':ts 8]e]nf]kd]G6
PG8 lk|m8d df Nothing, arguably, is as important today in the political economy of
the development as an adequate recognition of political, economic and social
participation and leadership of women. This is indeed crucial aspect of
development as freedom. (203) eg]sf 5g\ . pgsf] egfO cg';f/ ljsf;sf] Pp6f dxTTjk"0f{
;"rsdf ;fdflhs ultljlwdf dlxnf ;d'bfosf] pNn]vgLo ;xeflutf / g]t[Tj klg kb{5 . dlxnfsf]
;xfeflutf ePsf] / g]t[Tj kfPsf] ;dfh, /fi6 lj:tf/} ljsf;sf] ky ofqf pGd'v x'g] s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf 5g\
. To:t} ljrf/n] cf]tk|f]t uf}td M
nf]sdf ;dtf /fVg hGd]sL gj aflnsf
;fRr} zf]ifssf nflu x'g] tL pu|sflnsf
;GdfuL{xsf lglDt x'g]l5g\ z'edflnsf
Jolerf/L / la4]ifLxsL pu|rl08sf
bfgjL /fIf;L lglDt c;lxi0f' ;bf logL
b'uf{ eujtL ;fIfft b]zsf lglDtdf x'g]
xif{ k|]d tyf Gofo dof{bf kflng] eP
]ifefj / cGofo tL ;a kmflng] eP-!*M%*^@_
eGb} sljn] sNkgf u/]sL kfq w/fsf] g]t[Tjdf ;dfh / /fi6df oqf ljzfn kl/jt{gx x'g] cdg rog,
zflGt ;'/Iff, ;b\efj, ;x[botf, ;xcl:tTjbfos ;DaGw sfod x'g] ljZjf; /fVb5g\ . hftLo :jtGqtfsf]
cfGbf]ng avt cd]l/sfdf /x]sf sfnf hfltxsf] ;d'bfodf cfpg] kl/0ffdsf] cfFsng ub{}, To; cfGbf]ngsf
g]tf dfl6{g n'y/ lsn] !(^# df now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley
of segregation to the sunlit path of the racial justice.now is the time to open the
doors of opportunity to all of gods children. Now is the time to lift our nation from
quicksand of racil injustice to the solid ock of brotherhood(74) eg]sf lyP, xfd|f]
;dfhsf] / oxfFsf] dfgjsf] To:t} kl/jt{g w/fsf] dfWodaf6, pgsf] of]ubfgaf6 jf g]t[Tjaf6 k|fKt x'g] s'/fdf
sljn] ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ .
5f]/LxnfO{ cj;/jf6 jl~rt ul/Psf] cj:yf n}ls e]befjsf] lgs[i7 k t xf] g}, t/ pgLxnfO{ lzlIft
ul/Fbf ;d]t Tof] k'gM e]befjs} csf{] ;+/rgfaf6 lgolGqt 5 . 5f]/L] ;an agfpg, 5f]/L nfO{ ;Ifd / ;'b[9
ug{, pgLaf6 ;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhg}lts kl/jt{gsf axfj rnfpFg ge} pgdf /fd|f] d"Nof /fVg, sd;n
j:t'af6 clns c;n j:t' agfpg dfq} lzIff pkof]uL x'g] JofVof rn]sf 5g\ . lzIffsf sf/0f 5f]/Lx cln
d"Nojfg ag'g\, dx\uf ag'g\ / j9L x}l;otsf ;fy laqmL xf]pg\ eGg] cj}1flgs / cdfgjLo lrGtgn] xfd|f]
;dfh ufFlhPsf] 5 . ;dfhsf] o:tf] gLh ;f]r phfu/ ub{} Krishramusti n]Vb5g\ Boys pass

examination because they know they will have to get a job, they will have to earn a
livelihood, why do girls pass the examinations? To be educated in order to get
better husbands (22). Tof] ;f]r cg';f/ 5f]/Lsf] lzIff eg]sf] pgs]f bfd j9fpg] dfq} kdf a'lemPsf]
5.
t/ slj uf}tdn] 5f]/LnfO{ lzIff pGfsf] dfq} kl/jt{g sf] nflu geO{, ;Dk"0f{ b]zsf] nflu x'g'kg{] JofVof u/]sf
5g\ . lzIffn] 5f]/LnfO{ x}g, 5f]/Lsf] lzIffn] b]znfO{ d'lQm lbnfcf];\ eGg] sfdgf ;fy sla n]Vb5g\ s]an
OR5f cfrnf ul5{g\, 5f/Ln] k9\lbof];\ sNkgf d]/f] ljkgf kfg{] 5f]/Ln] u/lbof];, o:n] b]z pHofnf] kflb{of];\ @!M!^_
lgisif{ M
cj}1flgs / u}/ tfls{s ljrf/sf] k[i7e"lddf cl8Psf] jt{dfg k'?if k|wfg ;dfh, lkt[;QfTds ;dfh /
;+/rgf clg o;sf pkrf/xLg a]lylt / lj;ultn] u|l;t o; ;dfhnfO{ kl/jt{g / ;+:yfut ljsf;df
lxF8fpg ca dlxnf g]t[Tjsf] cfjZostf sljn] af]w u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] k|:t't u/]sf kfq w/f of]Uo, lg8/,
ljb'ifL, ;Ifd, ;an, ;x[boL, lg0ff{os g]t[TjbfoL x'g] / pgs} g]t[Tjdf b]zn] d'xf/ km]g{], k|ultkysf] ofqf to
ug{] ljrf/ ;':ki6 / b[9 kdf kl/is[t u/fPsf 5g . o; efjgfleq slj :jod\sf] JolQmut OR5f /
cfsf\Iff jf lgisif{ of] x'g ;Sb5 ls ljsf;, ;Eotf / ;+;f/df bL3{sfnLg ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] nflu ca
dlxnf g]t[Tj cfjZos 5 . k'?ifx :jfyL{aGb} uPsf] / cf:yf clg dfGotf vtd xF'b} uPsf] klxn]sf 5f]/f
;j} :jfyL{ aGb} uP-@$M$_ eGb} ca dlxnfn] lg0ff{os of]ubfg lbg'kg{] k|;unfO{ cfafh lbPsf 5g\ .
h;af6 ljsf; / ;Eotfsf] prfO k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] ljZjf; klg 5 pgsf egfOdf .
t;y{ pgL dft[;QfTdstfleq ;Eo / ;';+:s[t ;dfh sf] ;Defjgf b]Vb5g\ .
;Gb{e ;"rLx

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Uf}ftd /d]z kfNkfnL ;Gtfg g]kfn @)^&