;zQmLs/0f

;zQmLs/0f / :jtGqtfsf lau'n M /fd ljgosf s[ltx

tx
ga k|1fkg, k'0ff{s+ %#, @)^* ;fpg c;f]h, sf7df8f}, k|sfzs M ;flxTo ;GWof

ctLGb| bxfn
/fd ljgo, ;flxTo ;GWofsf
;GWof jt{dfg cwIf, g]kfnL ;flxTo hutsf Ps cu|h x:tL / cg's/l0fo JolStTj x'g\ . ljleGg k|sf/sf]
k]zfut tyf ;fdflhs sfo{df cfgf] ;donfO{ ;[hgfTds kdf vr{ ub{} cfpFbf pgn] Pp6f ljzfn cg'ej / bIftfsf]
w/f]x/sf] kdf cfkm"nfO{ pEofpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . ;fw/0f hLjg z}nL, :ki6 jStf / b[9 ljrf/, k|ult / k|of]ujfbL ;flxlTos
lrGtg af]Sg] / ltgnfO{ rl/tfy{ ;d]t u/]/ b]vfpg ;kmn ePsf ljgosf] cg'zf;g / punctuality cfhsf ;a} dfgjn]
;kmntfsf nflu pRr dxTTj / k|fyldstfsf ;fy cg'u|x0f ug'{ kg]{ kIfx x'g\ .
cGo If]qx h:t}, ;flxTo hut\n] klg pgsf ;zSt ljrf/ / efjgfx Jff]s]sf y'k|} ;[hgfx k|fKt ug]{ ;f}efUo kfO ;s]sf] 5 .
cGo ljz]if lhDd]jf/L, a9\bf] pd]/ / ;flxTo ;[hgf clg nufjk|lt ljzfn ;d'bfosf] 36\bf] k|]dsf afah'b klg pgn] cfgf]
;flxlTos lgod / ;[hgfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb} cfPsf 5g\ . @)$% ;fndf ;[hgfsf :j/x sljtfaf6 ;'? ePsf] cf}krfl/s
k|sfzgofqf @)^% ;Dd cfpFbf 6fk'df t}l/Fbf eGg] ofqf :d/0f;Fu} cufl8 al9 /x]sf] 5, gofF gofF phf{ / k|of]usf sf]0fx
;lxt . o;lardf pgsf cGo s[ltx klg kf7slar k'lu;s]sf 5g\ .
;flxTo l;h{gfdf nfdf] ;do ljtfPsf ljgon] lg/\s'ztfsf] cj:yfdf To;sf lj?4 gful/s :jtGqtfnfO{ j9Lh;f] p7fPsf]
b]lvG5 . Gfful/s :jtGqtf, cGofo / cTofrf/ la?4sf cfjfhx pgsf /rgfsf k|d'v ;Gb]zx ePsf 5g\ . tfgfzfxsf]
r'\u'naf6 b]z / hgtfsf] d'lStsf nflu r]tgf ;~rf/ ug]{ ;zSt va/u[x eP/ plePsf 5g\ pgsf ;[hgf . To;} u/L
k|hftGqkl5 /fhgLlts;Fu} ;fdflhs, Goflos, ljrf/ut, z}lIfs ljsf; :jtGqtf h:tf s'/fxdf ;d]t pgsf l;h{gfn] efj
;Dk|if]0f u/]sf 5g\ . zf;sLo kl/jt{g;Fu} :jtGqtfsf df]8 / :jkdf x'g' kg{] kl/jt{gnfO{ ;d]t cfTd;ft u/]sf 5g\ pgsf
s[ltxn] . ;du|df /fd ljgo Ps k|ultjfbL, cl:tTjjfbL, cu|ufdL ljrf/ ePsf ;flxTosf/ x'g\ eGg] k|i6 jf]Nb5g pgsf
s[ltxn] . ltgLx ljgosf] hLjg cfbz{ / ljrf/sf] :ki6 jStfsf kdf plePsf 5g\ / ljgo ;zStLs/0f / :jtGqtfsf
xf]gxf/ kIfw/ ePsf] s'/f k|:6 kfl/ /xG5g\ . JolStut, ;d"xut, kfl/jfl/sb]lv /fi6 tx;Dd x'g' kg]{ ;zStLs/0fnfO{ /
:jtGqtfnfO{ pgsf ;[hgfxn]] :yfg / cfjfh lbPsf 5g\ . tL efjgfx ;'if'Kt kdf w]/} 7fpFdf k|:km'l6t ePsf 5g\ .
:jtGqtfsf] :j/ a'nGb ug{] pgsf] of]hgf / b[9 OR5f lgs} k'/fgf] ;dob]lv ;flxTo l;h{gf dfkm{t phfu/ x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
s7\of\lu|g] hf8f]df ;]l/Psf xfd|f cTdfx,
km'Sg] cfzfdf 6f]nfO /xG5 rf}tkm{sf] jGwgb]lv - d cfPsf] 5' M !)_ n] g]kfnL hgtfsf] k"0f{ :jtGqtfsf] ;'if'Kt r]tgfnfO{
:yfg lbPsf] 5 . Rf}ftkmL{ aGwg tf]8]/ :jtGq x'g] OR5f ;~rfl/t 5 pgsf k|:t'ltxdf . pgL :jtGqtf;Fu} ;dfhsf]]
;zStLs/0fdf plQs} ljrf/ k|jfx u/fpg] ;|i6f x'g\ . ;Dk"0f{ /fi6 / /fi6jfbLxsf] ;zStLs/0fsf] nflu dgf]jn / pTk|]/0ff
k|bfg ug{] vfnsf ljrf/xnfO{ pgn] cfgf s[ltx Dffkm{t ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf 5g\ .
ltdL slt ;l8/xG5f} <
ldNsfO b]pm sdhf]/ ljrf/x,
Tof] sfFt/ dgnfO{ b[9 jgfpb}
Pp6f afFRg] pkfo ;f]r]/,
cfp vgfF} of] xfd|f] af6f]df c3]{nf eO{ plePsf cK7\of/f kxf8xnfO{
sfl6b]p 6'qmf 6'qmf kf/]/ tL rfg] le/kxf8nfO{ v]t af/L agfpg ;Dofpg] u/L -d=======@)_
h:tf pgsf zAb / k|:t'ltxn] rfg / kfxf8kL ch\u / zlStzfnL tfgfzfx / qm"/tfsf k|tLssf kdf hgtfdfly
lgd{dtf nflb/x]sfxnfO{ sfl6 lbg] / ;Dd v]t af/L h:t} cyjf afFsL hgtf ;dfg agfpg] :j/ a'nGb u/]sf 5g\ . tL rfg

tf]l8Pkl5 ToxfF s7f]/x afFsL xF'b}gg\, kxf8x tf]l8Pkl5 cUnf / xf]rflarsf] x]/fO / e]befj klg ;dfKt x'g]5 . To;}n]
:atGqtf / ;dfgtfsf] nflu lau'n x'g\ pgsf o:tf efjgfx .
:jtGqtf dxfg nIo / ;Eo ;dfhsf] Pp6f jx'k|ltlIft pknlAw xf] . To;nfO{ e]6\g ;f}o{zlStsf] kdf cfkm" pbfpg] efjgf
JoQm ul/Psf 5g\ pgsf s[ltxdf . d Ps dxfg km8\sf] df/]/ cfO/x]5' ljxfgLsf] 3fd eP/ nlDs/x]5' dxfg nIosf] jf6f]df
lxl8 /x]5' -@^_ eGb} ;"o{ h:t} tfk lbFb} c?nfO{ ;Ifd jgfpg, c?sf vflt/ cfkm" nflu/x]sf] tYo klg phfu/ u/]sf 5g\ h;n]
cfkm" Ot/sfxsf ;d[[l4sf nflu sfd ug]{ ljgosf] :jefj af]n]sf] :ki6 k|ltt x'G5 .
lg/Gt/ alu/xg]
lg/Gt/ jl9/xg]
cdfgjLo /fIf;L emD6fOsf] lj?4
d'7\7L s;]/ j9]sf oL nKsfx=== -$&_ n] ;d]t cdfgjLo, cTofrf/L, zf]if0fsf kIf kf]ifsxsf lj?4df plePsf] pgsf]
r]tgfnfO{ k|:6 kfb{5 .
cfgf cleJolJt / egfOx ;Dk"0f{ dfgjsf] :jtGqtf / ;zStLs/0fsf vflt/ x'g] / To:tf k|lt/f]w, cGofo, unt ;+:sf/ /
s'ljrf/xsf lj?4 ;zSt kfl/Psf pgsf efjgfx sxLF ck|tIo kdf t sxLF k|:6 / k|tIo kdf g} ;~rfl/t ePsf 5g\
k|lt/f]wsf jh| e} /x]5g d]/f sljtf -@(M h/fsf] :j/_ n] pgsf sljtfn] s] efjgf jf]Nb5g\ / s:tf] ;Gb]z ;Dk|]if0f ub{5g\
eGg] 5n{ kfb{5 .
;w}F lz/ 7f8f] kfg{ g;Sg],
cfg} b[9tfdf pleg g;Sg]
5]kf/fxnfO{ s'keGhsxnfO{ e|i6 / b'/frf/LxnfO{
;fx|} ;fx|} x]kL /x] em}F nfU5 -%$_ eGb} To:tf Jolylt / b'/frf/sf kIfkf]ifsxdfly cfgf] sAhf /x]sf jf To:tf k|To'Tkfbs /
cdfgjLo ultljlwdf cfkm"nfO{ cNdNofpg]xnfO{ cfgf Gofo;\ut s73/fdf /fVg ;an ePsf cleJolSt klg 5g\ pgsf
sljtfxdf . c;fdflhs ultljlwdf ;DnUg x'gx] nfO{ ljgon] ug{ ;Sg] alxisf/sf] ;\s]t sljtfn] u/]sf 5g\ .
dfG5] dfg{ k|of]u ePsf] x]lnsK6/ v]bfpg / nv]6\g dflg;x ;jn ePsf, hLjg lhpg kfpg' kg{] :jtGqtfsf] /Iff ug{
x]lnsK6/ ;d]tsf] k|lt/f]w ug{ ;Ifd ePsf] 36gfnfO{ zAb / :j/ lbFb} ljgo n]V5g To;}n] xf]nf
kmnf6\]df a:g lbOPg /] x]nLsK6/
nv]6] /] x]lnsK6/
dfG5] dfg]{ x]lnsK6/
dfnsf]6]sf] v8\s] nf6f]nfO{ h:t}
kmnFf6]sf] nf6f]nfO{ gdf/f];\ eg]/
y's]sf 5g /] dflg;xn]
x]lnsK6/nfO{
cft\s dRrfpg] x]lnsK6/nfO{-&#_. oL k|:t'ltxn] hgtf ;fd"lxs kdf g} cfkm\gf] afFRg kfpg] clwsf/dfly ;\3if{zLn
ePsf] atfp5g\ . :jtGqtf s} nflu n8\g] / lbnf]Hofg lbg] dfgjnfO{ g} cfgf] dg kg{] dfG5]sf kdf lrq0f ub{} ljgosf
k\lQmx cufl8 ;b{5g\ M
xTof/f sfnf] ;k{sf]
if8oGq lj?4
AjFf;f] k|jl[Qsf lj?4

;Rrf dfgjtfsf nflu

nfdf] ofqfsf] ;kmntfsf] nflu
lg8/kgsf] /ftf] emG8f kmx/fpb}
o'uf+}sf jGwg tf]8\g
bfgjL pTkL8g / bafjsf] kx/f eTsfpg
cFfwL j]/L ;[hgf u/]/
sDd/ s;]/ cu'jfOdf pm nfUof]-&*_ . ljgosf zAbxn] pgL cfkm" :jtGqtf / ;zStLs/0fsf bl/nf vDaf /x]sf] / To;}sf
nflu n]vsLo dfWodf/f e"ldsf lgjf{x ul//x]sf] t jf]Nb5g\ g} To;;Fu} pgsf] gh/df kg{], dgdf 5'g] dfG5]xdf klg ;f]xL
vfnsf] efjgf /xg' kg{] cleJolSt sljtfdf k|s6 ePsf] kfOG5 . To:tf dfG5]nfO{ dfq} dg k/fpg' pgL cfkm" klg :jtGqtfsf]
jfxs x'g'sf] sf/0f g} xf] lsgls dfgjn] To:tf c? dfG5]x dfq} dg k/fpF5, hf] cfkm" h:t} x'G5 .
:jtGqtfs} nflu lau'n km'Sb} c?nfO{ hufpg / p7fpg 3R3Rofpg] ljgo n]Vb5g\ M
lg/\s'z oGqsf] lj/f]wdf
;+;f/n] p7\g' ca ca]/ ePg / <
P cndlnPsf ldqx -(^_
pgsf] OR5f ;a}nfO{ hfu/0f u/fpg' / cufl8 a9\g l;sfpg', / To;}sf nflu cfkm\gf] tj/af6 n]vsLo kdf e"ldsf lgj{fx ug'{
xf] eGg] s'/f pgsf] cGt/dgn] a'em]sf] k|:6 x'G5 o:tf cleAolSQx4f/f .
To:t}, pgsf] csf]{ s[lt 6fk'df t}l/Fbf Pp6f ofqf ;+:d/0f xf] . /fd ljgos} egfOdf ;d]t pgn] >Ln\sfdf u/]sf] e|d0f /
ePsf] kl/j]znfO{ ldnfP/ o; s[ltnfO{ hGd lbOPsf] kfOG5 . o;df ljz'4 ofqfsf ememNsf / cg'e'ltxnfO{ :d/0f ug]{ /
ltgLxnfO{ lnlvt :yfg lbg] k|of; klg ul/Psf] 5 . oBlk o; ofqf;+:d/0fn] w]/} kIfxdf ;zStLs/0f / :jtGqtfs} s'/fsf]
k|ltlglwTj ub{5 .
ofqf;+:d/0f n]vsn] ;'?jftd} k|of]u u/]sf] cleJolStsf] z}nL / zAb b'j}n] :jtGqtfsf alnof k|df0f k:sG5g\ . d} Ps emf]Ssf
x'F 708L kjgsf, cfhfb k+IfL x'F d} gLn uugsf -6fk'df t}l/Fbf !@_ eGb} cfkm"nfO{ k+IfL;Fu t'ngf u/]sf 5g\ . s'g} aGwg /
;Ldfljgf v'nf cfsfz k|of]u u/L ;Dk"0f{ k[YjL hut\sf] ;o/ ug{ ;Sg] Tof] k+IfLsf] efjgf / OR5f pgdf klg hfu[t x'g' cfkm"
:jtGq / ;hu b'j} ePsf] jf x'g' kg]{ r]tgf af]s]sf] cj:yfsf] k|Tofe"lt / k|:km'6g b'j} xf] . lgjGwfTds 9fFrfsf] k|of]u / k|of;
leqsf] sljtf xf] of]], h;n] ljgon] ug]{ :jtGqtfsf] cleJolSt g} af]Nb5 lsgls w]/} dflg;x o;/L cufl8 a9\b}gg\ . ;flxTo
l;{hgfsf] laz]if / k/Dk/fjfbL k|of]udfly k|xf/ ub}{ lgaGwfTds 9fFrfsf] ;+:d/0fofqfdf sljtfsf] k|of]u klg :atGqtfsf] vf]hLdf
Pp6f cb[Zo an / lau'n xf] .
hflu/]sf] hLjg v'nf / :jtGq gx'g], To;leq a:bf :jtGqtf, Goflostf h:tf s'/fxsf] cefj v6\sg] clg To; k/Ll:ylt;Fu
;\3if{ u/L :jtGqtf k|fKt ug]{ cfgf] OR5fo'St oyfy{ t pgs} x/kmxn] klg af]Nb5g\ hflu/]sf] k~hfaf6 lg:s]kl5 d klg
:jtGq / v'Nnf hLjg latfpg] 5' eGg] sNkgfdf /dfpb} -!@_ h:tf cleJolStn] klg pgL ;b}j k"0f{ :jtGq /xg rfxg] dfgj
ePsf] k|:6 kf/]sf 5g\ . a]/f]huf/Ln] r/d qm"/tf k|b{zg ul/x]sf] / c;\Vo dflg;x ;/sf/sf] hfuL/k|lt cGweQm dfofF Pjd\
k|of; klg yf]kl//x]sf] a]nfdf ;d]t ljgodf eg] /flhgfdf df]x hlGdof] . s[i0fd"lt{ n]V5g: Freedom is really a state of
mind in which there is no fear or compulsion, no urge to be secure (11). pb[t egfO h:t} ljgodf hflu/df]x
gePsf], hflu/ 5f]8\bfsf avt c;'/lIft xf]Og] xf] ls eGg] qf; klg gePsf] clg ;'/lIft eljiosf] nflu hflu/ ydfO /fVg'
kb{5 eGg] cfd wf/0ffk|lt lg;Gb]x eP/ k|To'Q/ lbg ;s]sf]] cj:yfn] klg pgn] jf:tljs :jtGqtfsf] kl/ro lbg ;s]sf] ca:yf
k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 .
zLif{s 5gf}6leqsf] ckf/ a'l4dtf klg ofqf ;+:d/0f n]Vg] qmddf ;zStLs/0fsf] efjgf af]Ng] cr's k|of; xf] . 6fk'xsf] ;o/
ug]{ qmddf 6fk'sf] ;o/, cg'ej, pqFbf, x/fpFbf jf 8'Abf cflb klg t zLif{s x'g ;SYof] . t/ 6fk'df t}l/Fbf g}
zLif{ssf] sNkgfleq t}/g ;Sg], 6fk'xsf ;o/df x'g ;Sg] ljleGg hf]lvd l5rf]n]/ cfkm"nfO{ :yflkt u/fpg ;Sg] ljgosf]
:jefj g} k|ltljlDat / k|:km'6g ePsf] 5 .

ljgon] laDasf] k|of]u ubf{ ;d]t :jtGqtf / ;zStLs/0fsf nflu nfdf] k|of; u/]sf kfqx g} 5flgPsf] kfOG5 . /laG;g
s|';f]sf] syf h:t} -!^_ df s|';f]sf] h:t} ;\3if{ / To;kl5sf] ;kmntf pgsf] klg cf;f / b[9 OR5f xf] eGg] efjgf t/lt
x'G5 . /ljG;g s|';f] k|l;4 n]vs 8folgon 8]km' sf] lgjGwsf] Ps :jtGqtf / k|ult s]lGb|t kfq xf] / s]xL xb;Dd Tof]
lgaG3sf kfqsf] cfGtl/s ;\sNk ofqf clg ;+:d/0fsf n]vs / pgsf] OR5f;Fu ldNg vf]Hb5 .
ofqf ;+:d/0f ug]{ qmddf g} d k'/fgf] ;f]rfOnfO{ lbdfuaf6 lems]/ Ps 7fpFdf /fVg] / vfnL lbdfudf gofF gofF s'/f /fVg] eg]/
cWofjlws s'/fx l;Sg, a'em\g / cfTd;ft ug{ ToxfF k'u]sf] lyPF (#$_ eGb} cfkm"nfO{ ;w}Fel/ ;Ifd / gofF ljrf/ clg a'emfOn]
cem bl/nf] Pjd\ phf{zLn agfpg] pgsf] ljrf/ k|:km'6g ePsf] 5 . cfkm" / cfgf] j'emfOnfO{ cem ;zSt agfpg] / To;sf]
;s/fTds k|efj lbFb} ;Dk"0f{ ;dfhnfO{ ;3fpg] pgsf] OR5f oL zAbxdf k|s6 ePsf 5g\ . cfkm" / ;dfhnfO{ ;an / ;'b[9
ug]{ ;kgfx t/\lut 5g\ oL efjgfxdf .
:jtGqtfsf] af/]df snd rnfPsf Ps k|l;4 n]vs s[i0fd"lt{n] :jtGqtfsf] af/]df AofVof ub}{ eg]sf 5g\ :Freedom implies
great intelligence, does it not? To be free is to be intelligent, but intelligent does not come into being by
just wishing to be free; it comes into being only when you begin to understand your whole environment,
the social, religious, parental, and traditional influences that are continually closing in on you (11). pgsf]

egfO;Fu /fd|f] tfbfTDotf 5 ljgosf k|:t'ltdf . ljgo s]an :jtGqtf rfxg] jf cfzf ug]{ dfq geO{, lsg / s;/L o;dfly
cj/f]wx 5g\ clg s:tf k|of;xaf6 o;nfO{ k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ ulx/f] lrGtg clg k|of; b'j}sf nflu k|oTg ub{5g\ . h'g
cj:yfn] dfq} dfgjnfO{ :jtGqtfk|]dL ePsf] k'li6 ug]{ s'/f s[i0fd"lt{n] cfkm\gf pNn]lvt x/kmxdf eg]sf 5g\ .
sdhf]/Laf6 :jtGqtf lng] / cfkm"nfO{ tfutsf lx;fan] ;d]t ;zStLs/0f u/fpg' kg]{ r]tgf au]sf] kfOG5 pgsf cleJolStdf
. h:t} ljb]zdf cfOPsf] 5, s] x'G5, s;f] x'G5 . vfg' k5{ df;' . sdhf]/ eof] eg] la/fdL x'G5(#() . ljB'tLo kvf{ndf
kfOPsf] :jtGqtf ;DaGwL Pp6f kl/efiff o:tf] 5 What is freedom? Freedom is the right to choose: the right to
create for yourself the alternatives of choice. Without the possibility of choice and the exercise of choice a
man is not a man but a member, an instrument, a thing." o;}u/L dflysf k\lQmxdf ljgon] df;' vfg] lg0f{o ug'{

klg cfkm" / cfkm\gf] :jf:Yosf] nflu ;Defjgfx dWo]af6 /fd|f] ljsNk 5gf]6 ug{ ;s]sf] cj:yfsf] JofVof / af]w xf] .
xfdLx o;/L lxFl8/xFbf dnfO{ cfkm"x cjf]w afnsx h:tf nfUof], hf] pT;fx / lh1f;fsf ;fy gofF 7fpFsf gofF s'/fx
l;ls/x]5g\ -$#_ n] ljgosf ;zStLs/0f / :jtGqtf b'j} r]tgfxsf] ;+o'St k|:km'6g u/fPsf 5g\ . afnsx kL8f, j]bgf,
qf;, 8/ / sNkgf ;a} yf]saf6 pGd'St / :jtGq /xG5g\ eg] gofF gofF s'/f l;Sg] kIf cfkm"nfO{ cem a9L dha't / ;ZSt
agfpg] d'Vo cfwf/ xf] . hlt a9L 1fg cfh{g eof] Tof] hLjgnfO{ ;'dfu{df 8f]xf]/ofpgsf nflu xf] . dflysf x/kmxn] ;d]t ;f]
efjgf k|:km'6g u/fPsf] kfOG5 . cfkm"nfO{ afnsx h:t} :jtGq / pgLx h:t} cfkm\g} ;anLs/0f / ;zQmLs/0fsf nflu
l;Sg] s'/fdf b[9 ePsf] cj:yfsf] lrq0f u/]sf 5g\ :d/0fsf/n] .
;Dk"0f{ dlxnfsf] :jtGqtf / ;dfhnfO{ c;kmntf clg cJojl:yttfsf] r'\u'naf6 d'lStnfO{ kof{ojfrL / kl/k"/ssf kdf lnFb}
ljgon] eg]sf 5g\:yfgLo dlxnfsf] g]t[Tj ljsf; eof] eg] ;an / lbuf] ljsf; x'G5 eGg] s'/f o; ;+:yfn] b]vfPsf] 5 -%&_.
o;/L ;fdflhs sfo{df, ;dfh ;zStLs/0f / lgdf{0fdf dlxnfxsf] pkl:yltn] pgLxnfO{ k/Dk/fut sfo{ ljefhgsf] cFWof/f]
3]/faf6 t :jtGqtf lbG5 g}, ;dfh klg ;d[4 x'g] s'/fsf] JofVof u/]sf 5g\ ljgon] .
b]zsf] ;d[l4 / ;zlQms/0fdf ax'cfoflds kl/ro / To:tf] w]/fsf] lgdf{0fleq cfkm\gf] pkl:ylt vf]Hg' kg]{ s'/fnfO{ o;/L AofVof
ul/Psf] 5 Those who support or facilitate the transformational process therefore need to think about
how to create multiple forums for addressing identity (Sen: 59). To;}u/L ljgon] klg yf?xleq, dlxnfxsf]
JofVofdf clg afnsxsf] pT;fxdf ;d]t cfkm"nfO{ aufpg ;Sg' ax'cfoflds kl/ro / To:tf] w]/fsf] lgdf{0fleq cfkm\gf]
pkl:ylt vf]Hg' / c?sf] pkl:ylt ;d]t dgg / ;Ddfg ug'{ xf] .
Yff?x :jtGq / ;Ifd xf]pg\ eGg] pb]Zo af]s]/ g} cfkm"n] lx/f yf? Gffds sljtf n]v]sf] k|; JofVof ubf{ hlt a]nf d}n] lx/f
yf? sljtf n]v]sf] lyPF, Tolt a]nf zf]lift, kLl8t yf?x p7]sf lyPgg\ . lxhf] cfh yf?x cfGbf]ngdf 5g\ -*#_ eGb} ;a}sf]
:jtGqtfsf] nflu cfkm"n] cfjfh k:s]sf] oyfy{ ljgon] ofqf ;+:d/0f dfk{mt phfu/ u/]sf 5g\ . :jtGqtfk|]dL dfgjsf] u'0f
JofVof ug]{ qmddf k|l;4 ;flxTosf/ Pjd\ bfz{lgs ?h]n eG5g\ The slave is doomed to worship time, fate and
death, because they are greater than anyhting he finds in himself and because all his thoughts are of things
which they devour. But great as they are, to think of them greatly, to feel their passionless splendour, is

greater still. And such thought makes us free men; we no longer how before the in oriental subjection, but
we absorb it, make it a part of ourselves. To abandon struggle for private happiness, to expel all eagerness
of temporary desires, to burn with a passion for eternal things-this is emancipation, and this is free mans
worship (61). pSt egfOsf] dd{;Fu ldNg] u/L ljgon] klg JolStut OR5f / cfsf\Iffxdf g?dlnOsg jf JolStut

clenfiff / cfZostfdf gx/fOsg c?xsf] jf ;Dk"0f{ ;dfhsf] enfO / lxtsf vflt/ cfkm"nfO{ ;dk{0f ug{ ;s]sf 5g\ . h;n]
ub{f g} dfgjnfO{ :jtGqtfsf] k'hf/L ePsf] k|df0f lbg] s'/f dflysf x/kmxn] ;d]t af]Nb5g\ .
u}/ ;/sf/L If]qdf olt ljsf; x'g ;S5 / < eGg] af/]df dnfO{ h'g cfz\sf lyof] To; cfz\sfnfO{ o; ed|0fn] k'/} d]6fO
lbof] . ljsf;sf] nflu ;/sf/L If]qn] dfq ;a}lt/ ;d]6\g ;Sb}g, u}/ ;/sf/L If]qn] klg ;d]6\g' k5{ eGg] :ki6 ePsf] 5 . To;}n]
;/sf/L If]qaf6 7'nf 7'nf k'jf{wf/sf sfdx u/]/ g]t[Tj ug'{ kb{5 eg] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] afFsL ljsf;sf] sfddf nfu]/
hgkIfLo sfo{df nfUg' k5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ cfTd;ft ug]{ df}sf ldNof], oyfy{ klg oxL /x]5 -($_ eGg] x/kmxdf ;Dk"0f{ /fi6
;'b|L9Ls/0f x'g Ot/sf kIfxn] klg lhDd]jf/L jf]w ;lxt sfo{ ug'{ kg]{ ;Gb]z au]sf]] 5 . u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfxsf] pkl:ylt /fi6
lgdf{0fsf nflu xf], ltgLxsf] k|of]u / pgLxdflysf] a'emfO klg To;}u/L kl/is[t x'g' kb{5 eGg] efjgf JoSt ul/lbPsf 5g\
;+:d/0fsf/n] . ;/sf/n] dfq} ;a} ug{] xf] eg] c?xsf] sfd ;/sf/sf] cfnf]rgf ug]{ jf x'g g;s]sf] sfd / k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf]
;kmntfdf cfwfl/t e}} ;Qf] ;/fk ug'{ dfq} xf] eGg] k'/fgf] a'emfOaf6 :jtGqtf k|fKt u/]sf] cg'e"lt klg lbPsf 5g\ oL x/kmxn]
. oL x/kmx n]Vg] qmddf g} ljgon] k|:6 eg]sf klg 5g\ ls pgnfO{ of] e|d0fn] lgs} 7'nf] dfqfdf gofF r]tgf / kl/is[t
;f]rxaf6 ;d]t l;l~rt u/fof] h'g pgsf] cfkm\gf] To; a]nf;Dd ePsf] ;Lldt 1fgaf6 :jtGqtfsf], ;xeflutfd"ns
ljsf;sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{] cj:yf xf] eg], cfkm'nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] Pp6f cfwf/lznf klg xf] .
o;/L ljgon] pgsf s[ltxdf k|of]u u/]sf cleJolSt / x/km Pjd\ o;sf ;Gb]zxn] n]vsn] hlxn] klg :jtGqtf - ljleGg
k|sf/sf aGwg / afWotfaf6 d'lSt) sf] rfxgf /fVb} / cfkm" clg ;dfh x'Fb} /fi6nfO{ ;Ifd / ;d[4 agfpg' kg{] s'/fsf]
cljlR5Gg ;~rf/ ul//x]sf 5g\ . o; sf/0f pgsf s[ltxdf ;zStLs/0f / :jtGqtfsf ;'if'Kt r]tgfx afSn} au]sf] kfOG5 .
;Gb{e ;"lr
lr M
lago, /fd. 6fk'df t}l/Fbf. g]kfn: laa]s l;h{gzLn k|sfzg k|f ln; @)^^.
Df cfPsf] 5.' g]kfnM k|eft lk|lG6+u; @)$&
h/fsf] :j/. g]kfnM ljj]s l;h{glzn k|sfzg; @)^)
Krishnamurti, J. The Problem of Freedom: Think on These Things. Krishnamurti Education
Foundation: India; 2007. P+10-18
Russell Bertrand. A Free Mans Worship: Essays on the Creation of Knowledge. Edt. Shreedhhar P
Lohoni, Rameshwar P Adhikari, Abhi N Subedi. Nepal: Ranta Pustak Bhandar; 1996. P+ 54-63.
Sen, Amartya. Identity and violence. Cambridge: Massachusetts, 2005.
http://www.riverdeep.net/current/2002/09/090902_m_freedom.jhtml