1PipePhase

M: 159 2100 6157

E: yunfeng.qin@simsci.com.cnC
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C3PipePhasePVT Calculation and Thermod
Data7

8Black Oil
C

C
C
C
C

CAPI<459Black Oil ModelInput dataCOil, gas,

nal)C
Cwater cut=0
C=010Gas/Oil Ratio
Oil FVF
Z-Factor
Oil Viscosity
Viscosity Mixing
Oil/Water Mixing
Adjust Oil/Water Mixing11SGORSolution Gas/Oil RatioC
The solution gas-oil ratio is the volume of dissolved
volume of stock tank oil, at a given condition of pressure and temperature.CSGOR

This ratio increases with pressure until all of the gas dissolves at the bubble point
pressure.
CorrelationsCLasater
CStanding
CGlaso
CVazquez12LasaterCorrelationAPI>15Use for API > 15VazquezFVF
Based on blackoilsfrom Canada, the Western and Mid-Continental US, and South America
7Experimental accuracy was 7%PVT Correlations13Standing Correlations
y was 10%PVT Correlations14Vazquez CorrelationNewer and more genera
ionsPVT Correlations15GlasoCorrelationsVazquezIt is similar to Vazquez correlat
different set of fields in Europe.PVT Correlations16Oil Formation Volume Factor
onCThe oil formation volume factor is the in s
dissolved gas, that is occupied by a unit volume of oil at stocktank conditions.C
FVF
The formation volume factor is influenced by the amount o

compressibility of the oil.C

FVFBelow the bubble point pressure, the oil formation volume fa
increasing pressure.C
FVFAbove the bubble point pressure, the formation volume factor
compressibility effects.PVT Correlations17Oil FVF CorrelationsVazquezCUsed for API
>15StandingCExperimental accuracy was 5%GlasoPVT Correlations18
Gas Compressibility Z-Factor Correlations
Standing-Katz7HYTwo choices between the Standing-Katz7 (default) and Hall-Yarbo
or dry
gases) correlations
Standing-Katz
data were taken from experiments with natural gas only, a
accuracies are strongly reliant on a precise specific gravity entry,is also able
to correct for
the existence of contaminants such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or hydrogen sulf
ide.
HYStandingThe Hall-Yarborough methods for dry and wet gases result from
Standing-Katz data, and are also able to correct for the existence of contaminan
ts.
Both methods correlate z-factor as a function of specif
Oil Viscosity Correlation
CVazquez: TUFFP (Vazquez/Beggs)
CStanding: Beal-Standing/Chew-Conally
CGlasoPVT Correlations20
Oil Viscosity CorrelationPVT Correlations1atm
<300<60Standing
0

525070

29516

58Vazquez

psig

API21
Gas Viscosity Correlations
Lee () Katz
Both correlations calculate the gas viscosity as a functi
temperature, and pressure.
LeeThe Lee method is more general.Katz40-400F
1-20The Katz method uses experimental data in the range 40-400oF and 1<Pr<20.PVT Cor
relations22
Viscosity Mixing Methods
It is a method for blending multiple two-point viscosity data sets.
Choose between the Volumetric method and the Blending Index method.
must be entered using the same two
temperatures and,
10 cpin the case of the Blending Index method, all viscositie
60 CC
71 cp
C1164 cp
Isothermal60CC24
25
Oil-Water Viscosity Correlations
CAverage

CAPI
CTWoelflin(Tight Woelflin)
CMWoelflin(Medium Woelflin)
CLWoelflin(Loose Woelflin)
CDaqing
PVT Correlations26Woelflin
>

Tight/Medium/Loose27

Multiplier
/

Woelflin28Oil ViscosityPipePhase
Liquid ViscosityC
P030PIPE Inlet
P030PIPE Seg 1 1,292.6891,349.9220.014944.22254.856944.222944.222
P030PIPE Seg 2 1,290.8401,347.9910.014944.22054.588944.220944.220
P030PIPE Seg 3 1,288.9991,346.0690.014944.21854.321944.218944.218
P030PIPE Seg 4 1,287.1661,344.1560.014944.21654.054944.216944.216
P030PIPE Seg 5 1,285.3401,342.2500.014944.21453.788944.214944.214
P030PIPE Seg 6 1,283.5231,340.3530.014944.21253.522944.212944.21229

30Single-Phase Liquid ModelThermodynamic DataC

C
C
C
C31
Single-Phase Liquid ModelThermodynamic Data
C
C

32Single-Phase Liquid Fluid PropertiesC?VAZQUEZ CTUFF

?STANDING -Beal-Standing/Chew-Conally
?GLASOC
?Beal (default)
?ASME Steam tables
Viscosity Mixing correlation to be used when calculating the viscosity of a mixtu
iquids.CVolumetric
CBlendingPVT Correlations33

34Single-Phase Gas ModelThermodynamic DataC

C
C
C
CCp/Cv
C
C
CCp35Single-Phase Gas Fluid PropertiesC
CLee
CKatz
CStanding-Katz
CH-Y Wet Gas
CH-Y Dry Gas

PVT Correlations36

37Condensate
API Procedure 14BC

C
CFVF
C
CFVF
C

Cf (SPGR, T)
CAPI > 4538Gas Condensate ModelC

40Steam ModelC
C1000 kg/m3
Empirical correlations based on steam table dataMaintains ent
delC
C
CThermodynamic Data432000Over 2000 pure library componentsC
CMolecular weight
CNormal boiling point
CCritical pressure
CCritical temperature
Pure Library ComponentsCCritical volume
CCritical compressibility
CAcentric factor
CBinary interaction
CParameters
Thermodynamic Data44Petroleum ComponentsAt least two physic
CMolecular weight
CNormal boiling pointThermodynamic Data45Assay DataThermodynamic Data
C
C?

PipePhase46Petroleum MethodThermodynamic DataSims

Cavett(in 1962)
Cavett(in 1980)
Lee-Kesler(in 1975 and 1976)4748Laboratory Tests
APIAPI Gravity
Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP)CVolatility measure for vapor pressures < 25 psia (173 kP
FactorsCWatson (UOP) K ValueDistillation CurvesCTrue Boiling Point (TBP)
CASTM D86
CASTM D1160
CASTM D288749API GravityAPI = 141.5/SPGR60-131.5
ExamplesCWater = 10.0 API
CKerosene = 45.0 API
CGasoline= 58.0 API
CNatural Gasoline= 75.0 APIAPI Gravity
is a specific gravity scale developed by the American PetroleumInstitute (API) f
or
measuring the relative density of various petroleum liquids. APIgravity is gradu
ated in degrees
on a hydrometer instrument and was designed so that most values would fall betwe

en 10 and 70
API gravity degrees. 50Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP)TechniqueCPlace chilled sample in b
omb
CShake and place in 100F bath
CRead RVP on dial and report as
PSI
Typical RVPsCMilitary Jet Fuel = 1.5
CMotor Gasoline = 6.0 -10
CNatural Gasoline = 15 -20100oF51Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP)For gasoline in range 5-1
5 psi, RVP and TVP are nearly
identical
Rule of thumb: 1 % NC4= 1 psi RVP
Accuracy is approximately 0.5 psi and is
affected by:CSampling technique
CReproducibility of test
CLaboratory technique52Characterization factor (UOP K or Watson K)Where: NBP = avera
iling point, degrees R
SPGR= specific gravity at 60F"K" =
NBP
SPGR
3The UOP Characterization Factor, commonly called K, is
indicative of the general origin and nature of a petroleum stock. 53Characterization
tor (UOP K or Watson K)
ExamplesCParaffins = 13+
CKansas Crude Oil = 11.8
CCracked Gasoline = 10.9
CCondensed Aromatics = 10.0
Values of 12.5 or higher indicate a material predominantly paraffinic in
nature. Highly aromatic materials have characterization factors of 10.0
or less.54Distillations CurvesDistillation curves used to develop the characteristi
omplex hydrocarbons
?Over 16,000 components identified in common crude stock
Crude Boiling Point Range?Methane C1600F
Crude Gravity Range?10-45 APITypes?TBP
?ASTM D86
?ASTM D1160
?ASTM D2887
converts all ASTM distillations into a TBP to define the petroleum stock.55TBPTrue Bo
ng Point (TBP)CFractionating still with reflux
CSeparates component by component
CUpper limit is approximately 650F or 900-950F NBP Material
(483-510C)TBP Distillation DataButanes and lighter55-175 oF
Light Gasoline175-300 oF
Light naphtha300-400 oF
Heavy naphtha 400-500 oFKerosene500-650 oFAtmosphere Gas Oil650-800 oF
Light Vacuum Gas Oil
800-1000 oF
Hvy. Vacuum Gas Oil1000 oF
Vacuum Residue> 1000 oF56ASTM D86C
on
denser100 CC
Burner
Thermometer
Purpose:fast, inexpensive control test, little fractionation
occurs57ASTM D86Single stage atmospheric pressure for gasoline through distillates
Upper limit is approximately 700F
Accuracy is approximately 5 -10F and is
affected by:?Sampling technique
?Test reproducibility
?Laboratory technique
Should be corrected for lab pressureLab pressure, mm Hg
Observed temp, F Cor
r., F

600100+ 10
(Denver, Colorado) 300+ 15
600+ 2058ASTM D1160Purpose: control test for heavy stocks. Run under vacuum
(2-10 mm Hg)Con
dens
erBurnerTo Vacuum59Distillations ASTM D1160Single stage vacuum distillation for ga
s oil and heavier. Pressure 2-10
mm Hg
Upper limit is approximately 1000F
Most labs apply pressure corrections and report at 760 mm Hg
Initial point is higher that TBP, from 50% to end point test is nearly
identical to TBP distillation
Accuracy is affected by:CSampling techniques
CReproducibility
CLab technique60ASTM D2887G.C. simulated distillation
approximates TBP distillation
Upper limit is approximately
1100F
Used for Gasolinematerial
down to Resid
Highly reproducibleREFERENCE RUN 1 RUN 2
0.5% (IBP) 115 112 112
5% 151 148 147
10% 176 173 175
15% 201 197 198
20% 224 221 220
25% 243 241 240
30% 259 255 256
35% 275 271 272
40% 289 287 288
45% 302 298 299
50% 312 309 308
55% 321 318 318
60% 332 329 330
65% 343 339 340
70% 354 350 352
75% 365 362 363
80% 378 374 376
85% 391 388 387
90% 407 404 404
95% 428 426 425
99.5% 475 474 475 6162Assay ConversionLight Ends
in Stream
Light Ends
in Stream
Determine Average NBP,
SPGR and MW for
Pseudocomponents
Determine Average NBP,
SPGR and MW for
PseudocomponentsProcess Light Ends
Process Light EndsCharacterize Other
Thermophysical Properties
for Pseudocomponents
Characterize Other
Thermophysical Properties
for Pseudocomponents
Determine Moles, Mass and
Volume for Each Cut
Determine Moles, Mass and

Volume for Each Cut

Convert Data to Equivalent
TBP Curve @ 760mm Hg
Convert Data to Equivalent
TBP Curve @ 760mm HgDistillation Data
Distillation Data

Distribute Assay Curve

into Cuts
Distribute Assay Curve
into Cuts
Set of Petroleum
Components63Compute NBPs and GravitiesFirst, Integrate
to Get NBPs . . . .Volume % DistilledTemperature
API GravityLight Ends
1st Cut
2nd Cut
3rd Cut. . . Then Use Watson K
Factor to Compute GravityPercent Distilled64Assay Conversion -TipsMol
property to predict?Whenever possible, you should supply the m
the accuracy in characterization
Input gravity curve when possible?Sample cut into fractions o
C
C
C
C
C
Thermodynamic Data66Thermodynamic Data67Water decant
V
L = HC + WW = pure waterV
L1 = HC + WL2 =W + HC
Thermodynamic Data68SRKPR
H2SRKMPRM
SRK-KD
GSSRK69Thermodynamic DataC
C
C
C
CAPI procedure 14B
CWoelflin?
701:
1: Distillation Curve
Distillation Curve71PIPEPHASE Hydrates ModelingIPS Confidential72PipePhase
CType II136

NaCl//EG/DEG/TEG
Hydrates Analysis73

SourceSinkJunction
Hydrates Analysis74Heat Transfer ReportHydrates in Heat Transfer Report
LINK "L008" PROPERTY DETAIL REPORT
HEAT TRANSFER CALCULATIONS
-------------------------DEVICE
FLUID
NAME
THERMAL ----------THERMAL RESISTANCE-----------ENTHALPY----HYD
AND
SEGM CONDUCT-INSIDE
INSULAT-SURROUN-

(TYPE) NO: IVITY

FILM
PIPE
ION
DING
LIQ VAP
(KCMC) (HR-M2-(HR-M2-(HR-M2-(HR-M2-(KCALKG) (KCALKG)
C/KCAL) C/KCAL) C/KCAL) C/KCAL)
-------------------------------------------------------------------P018 0000
(PIPE) 0001
0.094 0.0001 0.0002 0.0000 0.0534 18.968
0.000 N
0002
0.094 0.0001 0.0002 0.0000 0.0534 18.903
0.000 N
0003
0.094 0.0001 0.0002 0.0000 0.0534 18.802
0.000 N
0004
0.093 0.0001 0.0002 0.0000 0.0534 18.620
0.000 N
0005
0.093 0.0001 0.0002 0.0000 0.0534 18.448
0.000 N
????????????????????????
0017
0.092 0.0001 0.0002 0.0000 0.0534 16.884
0.000 P
0018
0.087 0.0001 0.0002 0.0000 0.0534 16.151 41.220 P
0019
0.084 0.0001 0.0002 0.0000 0.0534 15.561 41.659 P
0020
0.083 0.0001 0.0002 0.0000 0.0534 15.407 41.818 P
0021
0.083 0.0001 0.0002 0.0000 0.0534 15.351 41.928 PHydrates An
alysis75HYDHydrate Column Label Means Print OptionsProperty ReportF
IICType IType IIType 1 and/or Type II hydrates formedCPW-Water & Hydrates b
CNW-Water and Hydrate Formation
CHW-Water and Hydrate formation
Hydrates Analysis76Hydrate Unit ReportUNIT 1, 'H019', 'EVALUATE MEOH INJECTION R
ATES'
FEED STREAM IS D002
0.00 PCT. MEOH
20.00 PCT. MEOH
30.00PCT. MEOH
-----------------------------------------------------------------------TEMP
PRESS FLAGS
TEMP
PRESS FLAGS
TEMP PRESS FLAGS
C
BAR
C
BAR
C
BAR
-----------------------------------------------------------------1 -40.61 4.0E-01 * II
-43.49
1.61 * II
-19.49
2.28 II
2
4.37
5.56 II
-16.58
6.73 * II
-11.58
7.37 II
3
8.68
10.72 II
-5.89
11.84 II
-7.97
12.47 II
4 11.29
15.87 II
9.0E-01
16.96 II
-5.49
17.56 II
5 13.14
21.03 II
2.71
22.08 II
-3.72
22.66 II
??????????????????????????????
25 21.87 124.21 II
10.37 124.42 II
3.41 124.53 II
26 21.88 129.37 II
10.39 129.53 II
3.42 129.62 II
27 21.88 134.52 II
10.41 134.65 II
3.43 134.72 II
28 21.89 139.68 II
10.42 139.77 II
3.44 139.81 II
29 21.89 144.84 II
10.44 144.88 II
3.45 144.91 II
30 21.89 150.00 II
10.46 150.00 II
3.47 150.00 II
NOTES: I -TYPE I HYDRATE
II -TYPE II HYDRATE
* -AT (OR BELOW) THE AQUEOUS ICE TEMPERATUREHydrates Analysis77Hydrates Phase En
velopes Without MEOH
Hydrate InhibitorHydrates Analysis78RAS Hydrates Phase Envelopes (Contd)With 20 wt%
MEOH
Hydrate InhibitorHydrates Analysis79RAS Hydrates Phase Envelopes (Contd) With 30 wt%
MEOH
Hydrate InhibitorHydrates Analysis802
2