Error is the difference between the measured value and the actual value. Types of Error: 1.

. Instrumental Error produced due to use of faulty instrument. The errors are some for every reading as such are also called Constant Error. 2. Systematic Error result from some definite cause, defective setting or adjustment of the instrument by the experimenter and they follow some definite rule. 3. Personal Error - due to personal habit of the experimenter or observer and human limitations. 4. Random Error cause by minute changes in experimental condition w/c cannot be controlled even if possible precautions are taken, the measurement still contains some errors. 5. Percent Error a measure of Hour Inaccurate is standardized to Hour Large the measurement is found by this formula: (Experimental Radius/ Actual Radius) x 100 6. Approximation Error some data has the discrepancy between the exact value and some approximation of it. An approximation error can occur because: a. The accurate reading of the measurement of a piece of paper is 4.5 cm but since the ruler does not use decimal you round it to 5 cm. b. Approximation are used instead of real data (Ex. 3.14 or 3.1416 instead of ) 7. Human Error occurs when you, the experimenter make a mistake ( Ex. When you set up your experiment, incorrectly or you misread the instrument) 8. Observational Error the difference between a measured value of quantity and its true value.