apkv e nw \thm∞m\Øns‚ tIcf amXrI

C.sI. ^kepdlv a m≥

B[p\nIXbpambp≈ C…mans‚ kwhmZhpw AXns‚ \ne]mSpIfnse ImenI {IaoIWßfpamWv

ap…nw \thm∞m\w F∂ kw⁄bneqsS kqNn∏n°s∏Sp∂Xv . Nne¿ Btcm]n°p∂Xpt]mse AXv Hcp
£am]W{]ÿm\a√; adn®v s s# aXØns‚ kaImenI hmb\bpw \q‰mWpIfmbn \ne \n¬°p∂
N´°pSnsemXpßn \n∂psIm≠v \SØp∂ {]bmWhpamWv . B \nebn¬ ap…nw \thm∞m\w Hcp I¿a
imkv { X {]{Inb IqSnbmWv . A\nhmcyamb ]p\¿ hmb\Isf C…mw Hcn°epw \ncmIcn°p∂n√. Camw
K€menbpw, C_v \ pssXanbbpw ]p\¿ hmb\IfpsS km[yXIsf D]tbmKs∏SpØnb ]Wv U nXcn¬
{]apJcmWv .
C_v \ p ssXanb XpSßnh® ]ncnjv ° cW {ia߃, Ad_p {]tZißfn¬ aplΩZv _n≥ A_v Z p¬
hlm_neqsSbmWv Hcp {]ÿm\ambn amdp∂Xv . Cu [mc Xs∂bmWv C¥ybnepw \thm∞m\ {ia߃°v
t\XrXzw \¬InbXv . B[p\nIXbpsS h‡mhmbn IcpXs∏Sp∂ k¿ kønZv AlΩZv Jm\n¬ t]mepw
ë h lm_ní BibßfpsS kzm[o\w \nd™p ImWm≥ I gnbpw. \ΩpsS cmPyØns‚ a‰p
`mKßfn¬ \n∂v Xo¿Øpw hyXykv X amb kaql{Iaw \ne\n¬°p∂ tIcfØn¬ \thm∞m\Øns‚
hgnIfpw hyXykv X ambncp∂p. ssakq¿ B[n]Xyw, XpS¿∂p \S∂ km{amPyXz hncp≤ t]mcm´ßƒ
XpSßnb Ncn{X LSI߃ sNepØnb kzm[o\w \nanØw tIcfob ap…ow kaqlw {]Xnk‘nbpsS
I m e L ´ Ø n e q s S I S ∂ p t ] mbns°m≠ncp∂ AhkcØn¬ Xs∂bmWv \thm∞m\ {iaßfpw
Bcw`n°p∂Xv . a‡n X߃, NmeneIØv Ip™lΩZv lmPn, h°w A_v Z pƒ JmZ¿ auehn F∂nh¿
Cu cwKsØ BZyIme ]Wv U X¿ Bbncp∂p. 1922 ¬ sFIykwLw cq]oIcn°s∏´tXmsS ]cnjv ° cW
{ia߃°v kwLSnX cq]w ssIh∂p. tIcf apkv e nw sFIykwLØns‚ XpS¿®bmbn 1924 ¬ cq]w
sIm≠ tIcf PwCuøØp¬ Dea \thm∞m\ kwcw`ßfpsS I¿Ω imkv { Xw cq]nIcn°p∂Xn¬ apJy
]¶phln®n´p≠v . 1950 ¬ sI.F≥.Fw. cq]w sIm≠Xv sFIykwLØns‚bpw tIcf PwCøØp¬
DeabpsSbpw e£y߃°v kaImenI `mhw \¬IpI F∂ e£ytØmsSbmWv .

\thm∞m\Øns‚ coXn imkv { Xw:-

1922 ¬ cq]oIcn°s∏´ tIcf apkv e nw sFIykwLØns‚ e£y߃, ]n¬°meØv apkv e nw
\thm∞m\Øns‚ coXnimkv { Xambn amdpIbmbncp∂p. kapZmb sFIyw, A\u]NmcnI hnZym`ymk
{]h¿Ø\߃, {]mtZinI Iq´mbv a Iƒ, A‘hnizmk߃s°Xnscbp≈ t]mcm´ßƒ, cmjv { Sob˛kmºØnI
im‡oIcWw XpSßnbh e£yw h®psIm≠v {]h¿Øn°pI hgn \thm∞m\ {ia߃ hnPbn∏n°m≥
Ignbpsa∂v h°w A_v Z pƒ JmZ¿ auehnsbt∏mep≈h¿°v DØa t_m[yap≠mbncp∂p. A\u]NmcnI
hnZym`ymk{]h¿Ø\ßfpsS `mKambn´mWv h°w auehn ]{Xÿm]\߃ XpSßnbXv . AXmIs´ tIcfob
kaqlØns‚ cmjv { Sob im‡oIcWØn\p klmbhpambn amdn. kztZim`nam\n cmaIrjv W ]n≈bpsS Ncn{Xw
tIcf apkv e nw \thm∞m\hpambn _‘s∏Sp∂Xv ChnsSbmWv . h°w auehnbpsS ]mX Xs∂bmWv ]n∂oSv
sI.Fw. auehnbpw, C.sI. auehnbpw Cu cwKØv ]n¥pS¿∂Xv . ]{X{]h¿Ø\ cwKØpw, hnZym`ymk
cwKØpw XpScptºmƒ Xs∂ kapZmb sFIysØ Zp¿∫es∏SpØp∂ {]tIm]\]camb Hcp \o°hpw
BZyIme Ckv e mln ]Wv U nX¿ sNbv X ncp∂n√. apkv e nw eoKns‚ hf¿®bn¬ ]e Ckv e mlo ]Wv U X¿°pw
]¶phln°m≥ Ign™Xpw AXpsIm≠mWv .
s]mXp ÿm]\ßfn¬ ]Tn°p∂ apkv e nw Ip´nIƒ°v kv tImf¿jn∏pIƒ e`yam°m≥ sFIykwLw
sNbv X tkh\ßfpsS XpS¿®bmbmWv , apkv e nw hnZym`ymk ÿm]\߃ Db¿∂p h∂Xv . ^mdpJv
tImtfPpt]mep≈ ÿm]\ßfpsS hf¿®bpsS ]ndIn¬ sFIy kwL˛ Ckv e mln \ne]mSpIfpsS
\n›bZm¿Vyap≠mbncp∂p.
ae_m¿ Iem]Øn\p apsºXs∂ a‡nXßfpw, NmeneIØpw, XpSßnh® A‘ hnizmkhncp≤
t]mcm´ßƒ XpS¿∂pw Gs‰SpØp \SØm≥ Ckv e mln ]Wv U nX¿°p Ign™ncp∂p. apkv e nwIsf
B[p\nI h¬°cn°p∂Xn¬ apJy]¶phln® LSIw A‘hnizmk߃s°Xnsc \S∂
t]mcm´ßfmbncp∂p. aXhncp≤˛kaql hncp≤ hnizmkßsf Hcp Xncn®p hchns‚ km[yX t]mepw
C√mXm°n am‰nbXv Cu {]h¿Ø\ßfmWv . I¿Ωimkv { XsØbmWv Ckv e mln ]Wv U X¿ CXn\p≈
]Shmfmbn Db¿Øn∏nSn®Xv . lZokpIfpsS kq£v a amb ]T\ØneqsS, sNdnb Hcp t`ZKXn°pt]mepw
A h k c an √ m Ø c o X n b n e p ≈ H c p I ¿ Ω i m k v { X w c q ] o I c n ° s ∏ ´ p . Fw. ssiJv aplΩZv
auehnsbt∏mep≈h¿ Cu cwKØv sNbv X tkh\߃ F∂pw kv a cn°s∏Spw. ke^o[mcIfn¬ G‰hpw
ka{Kamb I¿Ω imkv { Xw Db¿Øn∏nNn°p∂ G‰hpw henb kaqlw tIcfØnse apPmlnZpIƒ
Bbncn°pw.
apkv e nw \thm∞m\sØ AXns‚ D¤hØnepw, {]tbmKXeØnepw aXhncp≤sa∂p ]d™p
hna¿in®hcpsS ]n≥KmanIƒ, AXns‚ Ncn{XsØ h{IoIcn®v XßfpsSXm°nam‰m≥ \SØp∂ {ia߃
]pXnb Xeapd Xncn®dnbWw. kapZmbsØ ]n∂m°w X≈m\p≈ {]tXyIn®v kv { Xo kaqlsØ)
KqUmtemN\bpsS ]pXnb X{¥amWnsX∂ hkvXpX \thm∞m\ aqeyßsf kvt\ln°p∂h¿
a\€nemt°≠Xp≠v . I¿Ωimkv { Xhn[nIfn¬ anXXzØns‚ `mj D]tbmKn® BZyIme Ckv e mln
]Wv U XcpsS am¿§w Xs∂bmbncn°w apkv e nw tIcfØn\v F∂pw B`nImayw.