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Solutions to Homework
You need to know what has been said in the class about the periodic table. Be able to use the periodic table as a
tool.
Know the difference between groups or families and periods.
Know which are metals and which are nonmetals by looking at the periodic table.
note the differences in properties of metals versus nonmetals.
Be able to recognize main group versus transition elements
Know that the group number of the main group (A) elements tells you the number of electrons in the outermost
shell – and these are the electrons involved with bonding.
Know how the group number of the main group elements can tell you what ion will form.
What are the noble gases? What is characteristic of the noble gases? Their inactivity.
Other information as shown by these exercises.
I will not give questions just asking you to write the names of the elements given their symbols and vice versa.
Note what the atomic number will tell you-
The number of protons in an atom of the element, which is equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom of
the element.
Hand in
Question for Thought: 1. How was Mendeleev able to predict the chemical and physical properties of
elements that were not yet discovered?
Mendeleev arranged the elements in rows of increasing atomic weights, arranged so that elements
with similar properties made vertical columns. These vertical columns contained Dobereiner’s triads of
elements with similar properties. Left blank spaces if the element with the next highest atomic weight did
not fit with a vertical family. These blank places suggested undiscovered elements. Mendeleev predicted
that elements would be discovered to fill the gaps in his table and predicted the physical and chemical
properties of the yet to be discovered elements. Mendeleev is usually given credit for developing the periodic
table, probably because of his dramatic and highly publicized predictions about the unknow elements.
Hand in
Questions for Thought: 5, 6 and 8
3. Identify the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the following isotopes:
Y
Z X
Y is the mass number and equal to the number of neutrons plus protons
Z is the atomic number and it is equal to the number of protons in an atom of the element (also equal to the
number of electrons in a neutral atom of the element)
14
a) 7 N 7 protons, 7 electrons and 7 neutrons,
7
b) Li 3 protons, 3 electrons and 4 neutrons;
3
35
c) 17 Cl 17 protons, 17 electrons, 18 neutrons
48
d) 20 Ca 20 protons, 20 electrons, 28 neutrons
63
e) 29 Cu 29 protons, 29 electrons, 34 neutrons
230
f) 92 U 92 protons, 92 electrons and 138 neutrons
4. Identify the period and the family in the periodic table for the following elements: Use periodic table on
page 249.
a) Xenon Xe is in period 5 and in family VIIIA (new way of numbering families would make this 18)
b) Potassium K is in period 4 and in family IA (new way of numbering families would make this 1)
c) Chromium Cr is in period 4 and in family VIB (new way of numbering families would make this 6)
d) Argon Ar is in period 3 and in family VIIIA (new way of numbering families would make this 18)
e) Bromine Br is in period 4 and in family VIIA (new way of numbering families would make this 17)
f) Barium, Ba is in period 6 and in family IIA (new way of numbering families would make this 2)
7.Identify the charge on the following ions: Remember that you can use the information on the periodic table
to identify the charges on ions too. Remember, if metals ionize they form cations (+ charged ions) and if
nonmetals ionize they form anions (- charged ions). Then, remember that in nature there is the magic
number of 8 electrons in the outer shell that seems to be most stable. So if the element has fewer than 4 outer
shell electrons it will give up those electrons and become a cation – leaving the next shell with 8. If the
2
element has greater than 4 outer shell electrons it will gain more electrons to result in 8 electrons in its outer
shell and therefore become an anion.
a) Aluminum Al is in group IIIA, so it will give up its three outer shell electrons and become Al3+
b) Chlorine Cl is in group VIIA, so it will gain one more electron to make 8 in its outer shell and become Cl--
c) Magnesium Mg is in group IIA, so it will give up its two outer shell electrons and become Mg2+
d) Sodium Na is in group IA, so it will give up its one outer shell electron and become Na+
e) Sulfur S is in group VIA, so it will gain to more electrons to make 8 in its outer shell and become S2-
f) Hydrogen H is so small, it only has one electron so only one outer shell electron, which it will give up. So
usually forms H+.
8. Use the periodic table to identify if the following are metals, nonmetals or semiconductors (also called
metalloids and semimetals) Remember that the metals are on the left side of the periodic table and the
nonmetals are on the right. The boundary in between contains the semiconductors. On page 248 of your
text the metals are in blue, the nonmetals are in green and the semiconductors are in yellow. The noble
gases, while they are shown in white because they are special being so stable, are also considered nonmetals.
a) Radon Rn is a nonmetal
b) Francium Fr is a metal
c) Arsenic As is a semiconductor or semimetal or metalloid
d) Phosphorus P is a nonmetal
e) Hafnium Hf is a metal
f) Uranium U is a metal. The inner transition elements - are also metals
9. From their charges, predict the periodic table family number for the following ions:
a) F-1 (usually written F-) VIIA (or 17)
b) Li+1 (usually written Li+) IA (or 1)
c) B+3 (usually written B3+) IIIA (or 13)
d) O-2 (usually written O2-) VIA (or 16)
e) Be+2 (usually written Be2+) IIA (or 2)
f) Si+4 (usually written Si4+ ) IVA (or 14)