11.

Vectors in Two-dimensional Space

Solutions

Section A (b) OP = OA cos ∠AOB

 1 
= 5  
1. OP = OA + t AB  2
= OA + t (OB − OA) 5
=
= (2i + j) + t[(−3i + 2 j) − (2i + j)] 2
= (2i + j) + t (−5i + j) OB = 10
= (2 − 5t )i + (1 + t ) j 5
OP λ
OP is perpendicular to OB. = = 2
∴ OP ⋅ OB = 0 OB 1 10
[(2 − 5t )i + (1 + t ) j] ⋅ (−3i + 2 j) = 0 1
∴ λ=2
− 3(2 − 5t ) + 2(1 + t ) = 0
17t = 4
3
4 4. cos θ =
t= 5
17
(3i + 4 j) ⋅ [(m + 5)i + (2m − 3) j] 3
=
32 + 4 2 (m + 5) 2 + (2m − 3) 2 5
2. (a) ∠AOB = 90°
∴ OA ⋅ OB = 0 3 5m 2 − 2m + 34 = 3m + 15 + 8m − 12
(2i − j) ⋅ (i + aj) = 0 Squaring both sides,
2−a =0 45m2 – 18m + 306 = 121m2 + 66m + 9
a=2 76m2 + 84m – 297 = 0
3 99
m = or − (rejected)
(b) AB = OB − OA 5 38
= (i + 2 j) − (2i − j)
= −i + 3 j Section B
AB = (−1) 2 + 32
5. (a) a ⋅ b = (OA)(OB)cos∠AOB
= 10 2π
= (3)(1) cos
−i + 3j 3
∴ unit vector of AB = 10 3
=−
2
OA ⋅ OB (b) OD = λ OA = λa
3. (a) cos ∠AOB =
OA OB a+b
OC =
(2i − j) ⋅ (3i + j) 2
=
2 2 + (−1) 2 32 + 12 CD = OD − OC
6 −1 1 1 
= = λa −  a + b 
5 10 2 2 
1  1 1
= =  λ − a − b
2  2  2

15
 AB = b – a = –a + b
CD ⊥ AB
∴ CD ⋅ AB = 0
 1 1 
 λ − a − b  ⋅ (−a + b) = 0
 2  2 
 1 1
−  λ − a ⋅ a + a ⋅ b +
 2 2
 1 1
 λ − a ⋅ b − b ⋅ b = 0
 2 2
 1 1 3
−  λ − (9) +  −  +
 2 2 2
 1  3  1
 λ −  −  − (1) = 0
 2  2  2
21
λ=4
2
8
λ=
21

 8 1 1 5 1
(c) By (b), CD =  − a − b = − a − b
 21 2  2 42 2
21
CE = CD
5
21  5 1 
= − a − b
5  42 2 
1 21
=− a− b
2 10
∴ OE = OC + CE
1 1   1 21 
=  a + b + − a − b
2 2   2 10 
8
=− b
5
8
= − BO
5
∴ B, O and E are collinear and the student is
correct.

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