FSK28215_120810

Appendix A: Calculation of the Smart Antenna Gain In Atoll LTE, the Conventional Beamformer smart antenna model will perform dynamic beamforming in downlink. Beamforming smart antennas dynamically create antenna patterns with a main beam pointed in the direction of the user being served, i.e., the useful signal. The Conventional Beamformer smart antenna model in Atoll LTE will support linear adaptive array systems, such as the one shown in figure below.

In the following explanations, we assume: There are a total of ESA elements in the adaptive antenna system. is the angle of arrival for the useful signal. is the angle at which we want to calculate the smart antenna gain. d is the distance between two adjacent antenna elements.

Beamforming dynamically creates a beam towards the served user. The smart antenna processor applies complex weights, , to each antenna element in order to form a beam towards the served user. The magnitude of these complex weights is set to 1. Beamforming is performed using only the phase of the complex weights. The steering vector, , representing the complex weights for forming a beam towards the served user, i.e., at the angle of arrival is given by:

Forsk 2010

Unauthorized reproduction or distribution of this document is prohibited

FSK28215_120810

T represents the transpose of a matrix. Therefore, the complex weight at any n antenna element can be given by:
th

In Atoll,

, therefore,

The smart antenna gain in any direction can be given by:

is the H represents the Hilbert transform, which is the complex conjugate transpose of a matrix, th gain of the n antenna element in the direction , and is the array correlation matrix for a given user direction , given by:

For the direction of the served user, i.e., , the smart antenna gain is calculated as follows:

The smart antenna gain includes the gain of the beamforming as well as the gain of power combination. The smart antenna is able to form the beam only in the horizontal plane, therefore, the vertical pattern is assumed to remain the same.

Forsk 2010

Unauthorized reproduction or distribution of this document is prohibited