Chapter 1 Basic Introduction to Computers

Discovering Computers 2012

Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World

ObjectivesOverview
Definetheterm, computer,anddescribe therelationship betweendataand information Definetheterm, network,andidentify benefitsofsharing resourcesonanetwork

Explainwhycomputer literacyisvitalto successintodaysworld

Describethefive componentsofa computer

Discusstheadvantages anddisadvantagesthat usersexperiencewhen workingwith computers

Discusstheusesofthe InternetandWorld WideWeb

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DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter1

ObjectivesOverview

Distinguishbetweensystem softwareandapplication software

Differentiateamongtypes, sizes,andfunctionsof computersineachcategory

Describetheroleofeach elementinaninformation system

Explainhowhomeusers, smalloffice/homeoffice users,mobileusers,power users,andenterpriseusers eachinteractwith computers

Discusshowsocietyuses computersineducation, finance,government,health care,science,publishing, travel,andmanufacturing

SeePage3 forDetailedObjectives

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter1

AWorldofComputers
Computersareeverywhere

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WhatIsaComputer?
Acomputer isanelectronicdevice,operating underthecontrolofinstructionsstoredinitsown memory
Collects data (input) Produces information (output)

Processing

InformationProcessingCycle
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WhatIsaComputer?

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TheComponentsofaComputer
Acomputercontainsmanyelectric,electronic,and mechanicalcomponentsknownashardware
InputDevice OutputDevice SystemUnit StorageDevice Communications Device
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Allowsyoutoenterdataandinstructionsintoacomputer

Hardwarecomponentthatconveysinformationtooneormorepeople Casethatcontainstheelectroniccomponentsofthecomputerthat areusedtoprocessdata Records(writes)and/orretrieves(reads)itemstoandfromstorage media Enablesacomputertosendandreceivedata,instructions,and informationtoandfromoneormorecomputersormobiledevices

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TheComponentsofaComputer

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AdvantagesandDisadvantages ofUsingComputers
Advantagesof UsingComputers Disadvantagesof UsingComputers

Speed Reliability
Consistency Storage
Communications
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HealthRisks
ViolationofPrivacy PublicSafety
ImpactonLaborForce ImpactonEnvironment
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AdvantagesandDisadvantages ofUsingComputers
Greencomputing involvesreducingtheelectricity consumedandenvironmentalwastegeneratedwhen usingacomputer Strategiesinclude:
Recycling Regulatingmanufacturingprocesses Extendingthelifeofcomputers Immediatelydonatingorproperlydisposingofreplacedcomputers

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NetworksandtheInternet
Anetwork isa collectionofcomputers anddevicesconnected together,often wirelessly,via communications devicesand transmissionmedia

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NetworksandtheInternet
TheInternetisaworldwidecollectionofnetworksthat connectsmillionsofbusinesses,governmentagencies, educationalinstitutions,andindividuals

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NetworksandtheInternet
PeopleusetheInternetforavarietyofreasons:

Communicate

Researchand AccessInformation

Shop

BankandInvest

OnlineTrading

Entertainment

DownloadVideos

ShareInformation

WebApplication

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NetworksandtheInternet
AsocialnetworkingWebsite encourages memberstosharetheirinterests,ideas,stories, photos,music,andvideoswithotherregistered users

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ComputerSoftware
Software,alsocalledaprogram,tellsthe computerwhattaskstoperformandhowto performthem
SystemSoftware
Operatingsystem Utilityprogram

ApplicationSoftware

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ComputerSoftware
Installing istheprocessofsettingupsoftwareto workwiththecomputer,printer,andother hardware

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ComputerSoftware
Aprogrammerdevelops softwareorwritesthe instructionsthatdirect thecomputerto processdatainto information

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CategoriesofComputers
Personalcomputers Mobilecomputersandmobiledevices Gameconsoles Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Embeddedcomputers
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PersonalComputers
Apersonalcomputer canperformallofitsinput, processing,output,andstorageactivitiesbyitself TwopopulararchitecturesarethePCandthe Apple
Desktopcomputer

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MobileComputersandMobileDevices

Mobile Computer
Personalcomputeryou cancarryfromplaceto place

Mobile Device
Computingdevicesmall enoughtoholdinyour hand

Examplesinclude notebookcomputers, laptopcomputers, netbooks,ultrathins, andTabletPCs

Examplesincludesmart phonesandPDAs,e bookreaders,handheld computers,portable mediaplayers,and digitalcameras

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MobileComputersandMobileDevices
Notebookcomputer TabletPC SmartphonesandPDAs Ebookreader
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MobileComputersandMobileDevices

Handheldcomputer Portablemediaplayer Digitalcamera

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GameConsoles
Agameconsole isa mobilecomputing devicedesignedfor singleplayeror multiplayervideo games

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Servers
Aserver controlsaccess tothehardware, software,andother resourcesonanetwork
Providesacentralized storageareafor programs,data,and information

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Mainframes
Amainframe isalarge, expensive,powerful computerthatcan handlehundredsor thousandsofconnected userssimultaneously

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Supercomputers
Asupercomputer isthefastest,mostpowerful computer
Fastestsupercomputersarecapableofprocessing morethanonequadrillioninstructionsinasingle second

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EmbeddedComputers
Anembeddedcomputer isaspecialpurpose computerthatfunctionsasacomponentina largerproduct
Consumer Electronics Mobileanddigital telephones Digitaltelevisions Cameras Videorecorders DVDplayersand recorders Answering machines HomeAutomation Devices Thermostats Sprinklingsystems Security monitoringsystems Appliances Lights Automobiles Antilockbrakes Enginecontrol modules Airbagcontroller Cruisecontrol ProcessControllers andRobotics Remotemonitoring systems Powermonitors Machine controllers Medicaldevices ComputerDevices andOfficeMachines Keyboards Printers Faxes Copiers

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EmbeddedComputers

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ElementsofanInformationSystem

Hardware

Software

Data

People

Procedures

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ElementsofanInformationSystem

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ExamplesofComputerUsage

HomeUser
Personalfinancial management Webaccess Communications Entertainment

SmallOffice/Home OfficeUser
Lookupinformation Sendandreceiveemail messages Maketelephonecalls

MobileUser
Connecttoothercomputers onanetworkortheInternet Transferinformation Playvideogames Listentomusic Watchmovies

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ExamplesofComputerUsage

PowerUser
Workwithmultimedia Useindustryspecific software

EnterpriseUser
Communicateamong employees Processhighvolumes oftransactions Blog

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ComputerApplicationsinSociety

Education Finance Government HealthCare

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ComputerApplicationsinSociety

Science Publishing Travel Manufacturing

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Video:ComputerHistoryinaBarn

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Summary

Basiccomputer concepts

Componentsofa computer

Networks,theInternet, andcomputersoftware

Manydifferent categoriesof computers,computer users,andcomputer applicationsinsociety

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Chapter 1 Basic Introduction to Computers

Discovering Computers 2012

Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World

Chapter1Complete