Experiment 1: Application of Statistical Concepts in the Determination of Weight Variation in Samples Measures of Central Tendency a. Mean b.

Median Measures of Precision a. Variance b. Standard Deviation c. Relative Standard Deviation d. Pooled Standard Deviation e. Range Measures of Accuracy a. Absolute Error b. Relative Error c. Confidence Limit d. Q-Test

Exp 2: Gravimetric Determination of Moisture and Phosphorus in Fertilizer Samples

Volatilization: analyte/decomposition products are volatilized at a suitable temperature then collected and weighed Precipitation: analyte is separated by converting it into a sparingly soluble precipitate

Gravimetric analysis

Volatilization Moisture Determination Types of moisture samples 1. Essential Water Part of the chemical identity of the samples Water of crystallization/hydration Ex. BaCl2 2H2O Water Constitution - Present as H and OH groups which combine to give water - Takes higher temperature to expect from samples Ex. C6H12O2 H2O + 6 C 2. Non-essential Water Superficially held water that is bound to the sample (can be removed at temperature range 100 -120 a. Adsorbedretained on the surface of sample b. Sorbedcondensed on the surface of sample c. Occludedliquid trapped in microscopic pockets spaced regularly throughout a solid crystal. ( )