RealEnglish2 WB AppendGal 11940

Glossary
Introduction
above /L'VJd/ enriba de, sobre, encol de apple /'DUo/ maz architect /'EYBWCYW/ arquitecto/a artist /'EWBgW/ artista athlete /'DeoAW/ deportista; atleta between /VB'WrAm/ entre (das cousas) big /VBZ/ grande boots /VIWg/ botas bread /VpCX/ pan butter /'VJWL/ manteiga cake /YMY/ torta, pastel calm /YEl/ tranquilo/a cat /YDW/ gato/a chicken /'aBYBm/ polo chimpanzee /aBlUDm'hA/ chimpanc clever /'YoCdL/ espelido/a, intelixente coat /YNW/ abrigo computer programmer /YLlUqIWL 'UpLHZpDlL/ programador/a informtico/a corn /YGm/ millo cow /YP/ vaca curly /'YKoi/ crecho/a dark (adj) /XEY/ escuro/a; moreno/a dentist /'XCmWBgW/ dentista doctor /'XFYWL/ doutor/a; mdico/a dress (n) /XpCg/ vestido eagle /'AZo/ aguia ears /Rh/ orellas eggs /CZh/ ovos electrician /BoCY'WpBim/ electricista elephant /'CoBcLmW/ elefante/a fair /cCL/ claro/a; loiro/a fat /cW/ gordo/a feet /cAW/ patas firefighter /'cOLcOWL/ bombeiro/a fish /cBi/ pescado; peixe(s) fox /cFYg/ raposo, golpe friendly /'cpCmXoi/ simptico/a frog /cpFZ/ ra fruit /cpIW/ froita fruit salad /cpIW 'gDoLX/ macedonia funny /'cJmi/ gracioso/a Real English 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
good-looking /ZHX'oHYBn/ guapo/a, atractivo/a hair /kCL/ pelo hard-working /kEX'rKYBn/ traballador/a hat /kDW/ chapeu, sombreiro horns /kGmh/ cornos horse /kGg/ cabalo in /Bm/ en, dentro de in front of /Bm 'cpJmW Ld/ diante de jeans /bAmh/ pantalns vaqueiros lazy /'oCBhi/ preguiceiro/a, lacazn/ana legs /oCZh/ patas long /oFn/ longo/a meat /lAW/ carne milk /lBoY/ leite mosquito /lL'gYAWLH/ mosquito mouse /lPg/ rato/oa narrow /'mDpN/ estreito/a next to /'mCYgW WL/ a carn de, xunto a old /NoX/ vello/a onion /'JmqLm/ cebola pancakes /'UDmYMYg/ filloas pig /UBZ/ porco/a plumber /'UoJlL/ fontaneiro/a potato /UL'WMWN/ pataca rabbit /'pDVBW/ coello, coenllo rice /pOg/ arroz sailor /'gMoL/ marieiro/a sandals /'gDmXoh/ sandalias sausages /'gFgBbBh/ salchichas serious /'gBLpiLg/ serio/a, formal shark /iEY/ tiburn, quenlla shirt /iKW/ camisa short /iGW/ baixo/a, curto/a shorts /iGWg/ pantalns curtos skirt /gYKW/ saia, faldra small /glGo/ pequeno/a snake /gmMY/ serpe, cbrega socks /gFYg/ calcetns, pegos steak /gWMY/ filete straight /gWpMW/ liso/a strawberry /'gWpGVLpi/ amorodo sweater /'grCWL/ xersei, suter swimsuit /'grBlgIW/ traxe de bao
Glossary
tail /WMo/ cola, rabo tall /WGo/ alto/a thin /eBm/ delgado/a, fraco/a tiger /'WOZL/ tigre trainers /'WpMmLh/ zapatillas de deporte trousers /'WpPhLh/ pantalns ugly /'JZoi/ feo/a under /'JmXL/ baixo, debaixo de unfriendly /Jm'cpCmXoi/ antiptico/a vegetables /'dCbWLVoh/ verdura(s) waiter /'rMWL/ camareiro/a water /'rGWL/ auga wide /rOX/ ancho/a wings /rBnh/ s wolf /rHoc/ lobo/a young /qJn/ mozo/a history /'kBgWpi/ historia improve /Bl'UpId/ mellorar laptop computer /oDUWFU YLl'UqIWL/ ordenador porttil lesson /'oCgm/ clase literature /'oBWpLWiL/ literatura loud /oPX/ alto/a, forte; escandaloso/a mall /lGo/ centro comercial maths /lDeg/ mates (matemticas) middle /'lBXo/ metade, medio music /'lqIhBY/ msica notebook /'mNWVHY/ caderno paints /UCBmWg/ pinturas play the guitar /UoM fL ZB'WE/ tocar a guitarra play volleyball /UoM 'dFoiVGo/ xogar ao voleibol / balonvolea practise the piano /UpYWBg fL Ui'DmN/ practicar piano research /pB'gKa/ investigacin, esculca ride a bike /pOX L 'VOY/ montar / ir en bici science /'gOLmg/ ciencia(s) send text messages /gCmX 'WCYgW lCgBbg/ mandar mensaxes (de texto) shopping centre /'iFUBn gCmWL/ centro comercial skill /gYBo/ habilidade, destreza, habelencia spend /gUCmX/ gastar sport /gUGW/ deporte, educacin fsica subject /'gJVbBYW/ materia, disciplina tennis racket /'WCmBg pDYBW/ raqueta de tenis textbook /'WCsWVHY/ libro de texto tip /WBU/ consello tired /'WOLX/ canso/a
unit 1
art /EW/ arte; debuxo atlas /'DWoLg/ atlas bookshop /'VHYiFU/ librara break /VpMY/ descanso, recreo browse the web /VpPh fL 'rCV/ navegar pola web / internet / rede calculator /'YDoYqHoMWL/ calculadora chat with friends /aDW rBf 'cpCmXh/ parolar / conversar cos amigos computer game /YLl'UqIWL ZMl/ xogo de ordenador computer technology /YLlUqIWL WCY'mFoLbi/ informtica dictionary /'XBYiLmpi/ dicionario drama /'XpElL/ teatro early /'Koi/ tempern, pronto English /'BnZoBi/ ingls enjoy /Bm'bQ/ gozar (de) enterprise /'CmWLUpOh/ empresa fact /cYW/ dato; feito fall /cGo/ baixar, descender feel /cAo/ sentir(se) French /cpCma/ francs geography /bi'FZpLci/ xeografa go dancing /ZLH 'XEmgBn/ ir bailar go ice skating /ZLH 'Og gYMWBn/ ir patinar sobre xeo go shopping /ZLH 'iFUBn/ ir de compras / tendas go to parties /ZLH WL 'UEWih/ ir a festas hard /kEX/ difcil
unit 2
age /CBb/ idade aquarium /L'YrCLpiLl/ acuario bowling alley /'VLHoBn Doi/ pista de birlos buy tickets /VO 'WBYBWg/ mercar entradas caf /'YcM/ cafetara, caf car park /'YE UEY/ aparcamento, aparcadoiro chemists /'YClBgWg/ farmacia Chinese /WiO'mAh/ chins/a; chins (idioma) collect /YL'oCYW/ coller / recoller; coleccionar customer /'YJgWLlL/ cliente department store /XB'UEWlLmW gWG/ grandes almacns electronics shop /BoCY'WpFmBYg iFU/ tenda de electrnica football field /'cHWVGo cAoX/ campo de ftbol frightening /'cpOWmBn/ arrepiante, espantoso/a get a haircut /ZCW L 'kCLYJW/ cortar o pelo
Real English 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Glossary
glass /ZoEg/ cristal, vidro go bowling /ZLH 'VLHoBn/ ir xogar aos birlos go on rides /ZLH Fm 'pOXh/ montar nas atraccins hairdressers /'kCLXpCgLh/ perrucara hang out /kn 'PW/ pasar o tempo have a great time /kDd L 'ZpCBW WOl/ pasalo en grande have a look at /kLd L 'oHY LW/ botar unha ollada a have fun /kDd 'cJm/ divertirse, pasalo ben high up /kO 'JU/ arriba hotel /kN'WCo/ hotel ice hockey /'Og kFYi/ hquei sobre xeo ice rink /'Og pBnY/ pista de xeo ice skate /'Og gYMW/ patinar sobre xeo ice skating /'Og gYMWBn/ patinaxe sobre xeo kid /YBX/ neno/a Maldivian /lGo'XBdiLm/ maldivo/a; maldivo (idioma) market /'lEYBW/ mercado meeting /'lAWBn/ xuntanza, reunin, encontro move around /lId L'pPmX/ moverse / trasladarse dun sitio a outro order a pizza /GXL L 'UAWgL/ pedir unha pizza own /Nm/ propio/a penguin /'UCmZrBm/ pingn pub /UJV/ pub reservation /pChL'dMim/ reserva ride /pOX/ atraccin roof /pIc/ teito, tellado sky /gYO/ ceo sorbet /'gGVM/ sorbete stay at home /gWM LW 'kNl/ quedar na casa take a nap /WMY L 'mDU/ botar a / unha sesta take photos /WMY 'cNWNh/ facer fotos teenager /'WAmMbL/ rapaz/a, adolescente theme park /'eAl UEY/ parque temtico underwater (adj) /JmXL'rGWL/ submarino/a, subacutico/a underwater (adv) /JmXL'rGWL/ debaixo da auga video game /'dBXiLH ZMl/ videoxogo wait in a queue /rMW Bm L 'YqI/ agardar nunha / facer cola worker /'rKYL/ traballador/a zoo /hI/ zoo, zoolxico childhood /'WiOoXkHX/ nenez, infancia cousin /'YJhm/ curmn/ daughter /'XGWL/ filla die /XO/ morrer economics /AYL'mFlBYg/ economa fall in love /cGo Bm 'oJd/ namorarse freedom /'cpAXLl/ liberdade get a job /ZCW L 'bFV/ acadar un traballo get divorced /ZCW XB'dGgX/ divorciarse get married /ZCW 'lDpiX/ casar granddaughter /'ZpDmXGWL/ neta grandfather /'ZpDmcEfL/ av grandmother /'ZpDmlJfL/ avoa grandparents /'ZpDmUSpLmWg/ avs grandson /'ZpDmgJm/ neto half an hour /kEc Dm 'PL/ media hora have a party /kDd L 'UEWi/ facer unha festa have children /kDd 'WiBoXpLm/ ter fillos hide and seek /kOX m 'gAY/ agochadas (xogo) husband /'kJhVLmX/ marido, home, esposo meet /lAW/ atoparse, encontrarse midnight /'lBXmOW/ medianoite move /lId/ mudarse, trasladarse nephew /'mCcqI/ sobrio niece /mAg/ sobria notice /'mNWBg/ decatarse, darse conta de on time /Fm 'WOl/ a tempo, puntualmente outside /PW'gOX/ fra reader /'pAXL/ lector/a rule /pIo/ norma, regra same /gMl/ mesmo/a shout at /'iPW LW/ gritar / berrar a son /gJm/ fillo street /gWpAW/ ra study /'gWJXi/ estudar survey /'gKdM/ enquisa, inqurito talk /WGY/ charla, parola uncle /'JnYo/ to wife /rOc/ muller, esposa worry /'rJpi/ preocupar(se)
unit 3
aunt /EmW/ ta become /VB'YJl/ chegar a ser, facerse (be) born /VGm/ nacer changing /'aMmbBn/ cambiante Real English 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
unit 4
aeroplane /'CLpLUoCBm/ avin another /L'mJfL/ outro/a around /L'pPmX/ arredor de
Glossary
backpack /'VDYUDY/ mochila by any means /VO 'Cmi lAmh/ de calquera xeito, da maneira que sexa camera /'YlLpL/ cmara canoe /YL'mI/ canoa, piragua cockroach /'YFYpNWi/ cascuda establish /B'gWDVoBi/ estabelecer, fundar ferry /'cCpi/ transbordador fill with /'cBo rBf/ encher(se) de fish (v) /cBi/ pescar helicopter /'kCoBYFUWL/ helicptero highlights /'kOoOWg/ o mis salientbel Home Secretary /kNl 'gCYpLWLpi/ Ministro/a do Interior including /Bm'YoIXBn/ includo/a, mesmo incredible /Bm'YpCXLVo/ incrbel island /'OoLmX/ illa itinerary /O'WBmLpLpi/ itinerario jeep /bAU/ todoterreo limousine /'oBlLhAm/ limusina look around /oHY L'pPmX/ botar unha ollada luckily /'oJYBoi/ afortunadamente, por sorte map /lDU/ mapa mistake /lB'gWMY/ erro motorbike /'lNWLVOY/ motocicleta, moto motorboat /'lNWLVNW/ lancha motora nearby /mBL'VO/ preto once /rJmg/ unha vez passport /'UEgUGW/ pasaporte pillow /'UBoN/ almofada population /UFUqI'oMim/ poboacin programme /'UpNZpDl/ programa ride /pOX/ paseo, volta safe /gMc/ seguro/a, a salvo scooter /'gYIWL/ vespa, scooter ship /iBU/ barco side /gOX/ lado sink /gBnY/ afundir sleeping bag /'goAUBn VDZ/ saco de durmir soon /gIm/ pronto, axia souvenirs /gIdL'mBLh/ souvenirs, recordos squirrel /'gYrBpLo/ esquo stop working /gWFU 'rKYBn/ deixar de funcionar suddenly /'gJXLmoi/ de speto, de pronto suitcase /'gIWYMg/ maleta sun cream /'gJmgYpAm/ crema (de proteccin) solar taxi /'WYgi/ taxi torch /WGa/ lanterna Real English 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
train (n) /WpMm/ tren tram /WpDl/ tranva travel (n) /'Wpdo/ viaxe travel (v) /'Wpdo/ viaxar travel guide /'Wpdo ZOX/ gua de viaxe trip /WpBU/ viaxe, excursin turtle /'WKWo/ tartaruga, sapoconcho underground /'JmXLZpPmX/ metro van /dDm/ furgoneta, camioneta wallet /'rFoBW/ carteira waterproof mat /'rGWLUpIc lW/ esteira impermebel way /rM/ maneira, xeito, modo, forma; camio (on the ~: polo camio) yacht /qFW/ iate
unit 5
ability /L'VBoLWi/ habilidade, habelencia, capacidade advice /LX'dOg/ consello affect /L'cCYW/ afectar / atinxir a; influr en aquatics /L'YrDWBYg/ deportes acuticos behaviour /VB'kMdqL/ comportamento, conduta believe /VB'oAd/ crer break a record /VpMY L 'pCYGX/ superar unha marca carbohydrate /YEVN'kOXpMW/ carbohidrato, hidrato de carbono celebrate /'gCoBVpMW/ celebrar champion /'aDlUiLm/ campin/oa championship /'aDlUiLmiBU/ campionato cloudy /'YoPXi/ nubrado/a coach /YNWi/ adestrador/a cold /YNoX/ fro/a compete /YLl'UAW/ competir cool /YIo/ fresco/a draw /XpG/ empatar especially /B'gUCiLoi/ especialmente, sobre todo expect /BY'gUCYW/ agardar, esperar finish line /'cBmBi oOm/ lia de meta forecast /'cGYEgW/ prognstico, previsin get tired /ZCW 'WOLX/ cansar(se) glacier /'ZoDgiL/ glaciar global warming /ZoNVo 'rGlBn/ quecemento global high /kO/ alto/a, elevado/a hot /kFW/ caloroso/a, clido/a (its ~: vai calor) indoors /Bm'XGh/ nun lugar cuberto, dentro intelligence /Bm'WCoBbLmg/ intelixencia juice /bIg/ zume
Glossary
kick /YBY/ dar unha patada lightning /'oOWmBn/ raio, lstrego, relampo lose /oIh/ perder match /lWi/ partido, combate melt /lCoW/ derreter(se), fundir(se) mountain /'lPmWLm/ montaa outdoors /PW'XGh/ ao ar libre, fra owner /'NmL/ propietario/a, dono/a physical /'cBhBYo/ fsico/a quiz /YrBh/ proba, test race /pMg/ carreira rain /pMm/ choiva rainy /'pMmi/ chuvioso/a, chuviento/a referee /pCcL'pA/ rbitro/a score goals /gYG 'ZNoh/ marcar goles ski resort /'gYA pBhGW/ estacin de esqu snow /gmN/ neve snowboarding /'gmNVGXBn/ facer / practicar snowboard snowy /'gmNi/ nevarento/a, de moita neve stormy /'gWGli/ treboento/a (its ~: hai treboada) sunny /'gJmi/ solleiro/a (its ~: vai sol) sweat /grCW/ suar team /WAl/ equipo thunder /'eJmXL/ trono, tronido together /WL'ZCfL/ xuntos/as trouble /'WpJVo/ problema, atranco warm /rGl/ clido/a, temperado/a win /rBm/ gaar wind /rBmX/ vento windy /'rBmXi/ ventoso/a, de moito vento (its ~: vai vento) elaborate /B'oDVLpLW/ elaborado/a, recargado/a escalator /'CgYLoCBWL/ escaleiras mecnicas expensive /BY'gUCmgBd/ caro/a exploit /BY'gUoQW/ fazaa, proeza forever /cLp'CdL/ para sempre gold /ZLHoX/ ouro gold rush /'ZLHoX pJi/ febre do ouro golden /'ZLHoXLm/ dourado/a hard /kEX/ duro/a heavy /'kCdi/ pesado/a jewellery /'bILopi/ xoiara, xoias, alfaias land (n) /oDmX/ terra (~ animal: animal terrestre) last (adj) /oEgW/ ltimo/a, derradeiro/a last (v) /oEgW/ durar light /oOW/ lixeiro/a, livin/ lively /'oOdoi/ animado/a, bulicioso/a, bulideiro/a look for /'oHY cG/ procurar, buscar low /oLH/ baixo/a mining area /'lOmBn CLpiL/ rea / zona mineira noisy /'mQhi/ ruidoso/a ordinary /'GXmpi/ normal, corrente peaceful /'UAgco/ tranquilo/a plain /UoCBm/ sinxelo/a pleasant /'UoChmW/ agradbel reach /pAa/ acadar, chegar a real /'pALo/ autntico/a, verdadeiro/a recycle /pA'gOYo/ reciclar redwood /'pCXrHX/ sequoia vermella rocky /'pFYi/ rochoso/a sandy /'gDmXi/ areoso/a, areento/a, de area scarab /'gYDpLV/ escaravello search (n) /gKa/ procura, busca search (v) /gKa/ procurar, buscar seed /gAX/ semente sequoia /gB'YrQL/ sequoia shady /'iMXi/ sombreado/a, sombrizo/a soft /gFcW/ suave, mol; brando/a state /gWMW/ estado strong /gWpFn/ forte tear /WBL/ bgoa, lgrima trunk /WpJnY/ tronco unattractive /JmL'WpDYWBd/ pouco atractivo/a unusual /Jm'qIjHLo/ inusual, pouco comn / corrente valley /'dDoi/ val valuable /'doqHLVo/ valioso/a weak /rAY/ dbil, feble weight /rMW/ peso
unit 6
ancient /'MmiLmW/ antigo/a attractive /L'WpDYWBd/ atractivo/a, bonito/a, fermoso/a bright /VpOW/ brillante, escintilante; vivo/a busy /'VBhi/ ocupado/a carat /'YDpLW/ quilate carob /'YDpLV/ ervellaca character /'YpLYWL/ personaxe cheap /aAU/ barato/a colourful /'YJoLco/ colorido/a, rechamante, de cores vivos crowded /'YpPXBX/ ateigado/a, cheo/a (de xente) death /XCe/ morte discovery /XB'gYJdLpi/ descuberta, descubrimento, achado dry /XpO/ seco/a, rido/a dull /XJo/ eslamiado/a; sen brillo, apagado/a Real English 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Glossary unit 7
adopt /L'XFUW/ adoptar Arctic /'EYWBY/ rtico/a bath /VEe/ baar bounce /VPmg/ botar, rebotar bring /VpBn/ traer (~ back to life: volver vida) catch /YDa/ coller, cazar crash /YpDi/ chocar, esnaquizar(se) dig /XBZ/ cavar, escavar discover /XB'gYJdL/ descubrir dive /XOd/ mergullar; somerxer(se) diver /'XOdL/ mergullador/a; submarinista DNA /XA Cm 'M/ ADN Earth /Ke/ a Terra egg /CZ/ ovo; vulo explore /BY'gUoG/ explorar extinct /BY'gWBnYW/ extinto/a, extinguido/a, desaparecido/a feed /cAX/ alimentar, dar de comer goat /ZNW/ cabra grapefruit /'ZpMUcpIW/ pomelo ground /ZpPmX/ chan have an unusual pet /kLd Dm Jm'qIjHLo UCW/ ter unha mascota inusual / pouco comn hold /kNoX/ suxeitar hole /kNo/ burato, buraco, focha, fochanca land (v) /oDmX/ aterrar, alunizar, amerizar; caer, ir parar light (n) /oOW/ luz meteor /'lAWiL/ meteorito method /'lCeLX/ mtodo milk /lBoY/ muxir parachute /'UDpLiIW/ lanzarse / saltar en paracadas pool /UIo/ piscina prehistoric /UpAkB'gWFpBY/ prehistrico/a preserve /UpB'hKd/ preservar, conservar pull /UHo/ tirar (de) push /UHi/ empurrar Pyrenean ibex /UipLmCLm 'OVCYg/ cabra montesa pirenaica recreate /pAYpi'MW/ recrear row /pN/ remar sabre-toothed tiger /gMVLWIeW 'WOZL/ tigre dentes de sabre save /gMd/ salvar shelter /'iCoWL/ refuxio, centro de acollida short-faced bear /iGWcMgW 'VS/ oso de focio curto / cara curta spectacled bear /'gUCYWLYoX VS/ oso/a andino/a survive /gL'dOd/ sobrevivir Real English 2 Galician swim /grBl/ nadar touch /WJWi/ tocar train (v) /WpMm/ amestrar, adestrar trek /WpCY/ facer sendeirismo, dar unha camiada volunteer (n) /dFoLm'WBL/ voluntario/a volunteer (v) /dFoLm'WBL/ facer voluntariado, ser voluntario whale /rMo/ balea woolly mammoth /rHoi 'lDlLe/ mamut lado/a woolly rhino /rHoi 'pOmN/ rinoceronte lado
unit 8
air conditioner /'CL YLmXBiLmL/ ar acondicionado alarm clock /L'oEl YoFY/ espertador ambulance siren /'DlVqLoLmg gOpLm/ sirena de ambulancia average /'DdLpBb/ medio/a awake /L'rCBY/ esperto/a blender /'VoCmXL/ batedora, licuadora brain /VpMm/ cerebro car horn /'YE kGm/ bucina do coche classical /'YoDgBYo/ (msica) clsica coordination /YNGXB'mCBim/ coordinacin country /'YJmWpi/ (msica) country damage /'XDlBXj/ danar, prexudicar danger signal /'XMmbL gBZmLo/ sinal de perigo decibel /'XCgBVCo/ decibelio drill /XpBo/ trado, trade drums /XpJlh/ batera/s electric shaver /BoCYWpBY 'iMdL/ mquina de barbear environment /Bm'dOpLmlLmW/ ambiente, medio guitar /ZB'WE/ guitarra hairdryer /'kCLXpOL/ secador de pelo hard rock /kEX 'pFY/ rock duro hip-hop /'kBUkFU/ hip-hop illegally /B'oAZLoi/ ilegalmente instrument /'BmgWpLlLmW/ instrumento iron /'OLm/ ferro de pasar jazz /bDh/ jazz keyboard /'YAVGX/ teclado Latin /'oDWBm/ (msica) latina lawnmower /'oGmlNL/ cortacspede machinery /lL'iAmLpi/ maquinaria mark /lEY/ nota, cualificacin measure /'lCjL/ medir MP4 player /ClUA'cG UoML/ MP4, reprodutor de MP4 musician /lqI'hBim/ msico/a
B Burlington Books
Glossary
nervous /'mKdLg/ nervioso/a (make ~: pr/poer nervioso/a) noise-meter /'mQh lAWL/ medidor de rudo pop /UFU/ pop rap /pDU/ rap R&B /p mX 'VA/ R & B (Rhythm and Blues) reggae /'pCZM/ reggae rhythm /'pBfLl/ ritmo rock /pFY/ rock salsa /'gDogL/ salsa saxophone /'gDYgLcNm/ saxofn, saxfono sound system /'gPmX gBgWLl/ equipo de son sudden /'gJXm/ sbito/a, inesperado/a UK /qI'YM/ Reino Unido vacuum cleaner /'dDYqHLl YoAmL/ aspirador/a vinyl record /'dOmo pCYGX/ disco de vinilo violin /dOL'oBm/ violn zoom /hIl/ pasar a toda velocidade frightened /'cpOWmX/ asustado/a, amedrentado/a, con medo good luck /ZHX 'oJY/ boa sorte hug /kJZ/ abrazar, apertar immediately /B'lAXiLWoi/ decontado, inmediatamente kiss /YBg/ bicar, beixar level /'oCdo/ nivel lucky charm /oJYi 'aEl/ amuleto da sorte mercury /'lKYqLpi/ mercurio Middle Ages /lBXo 'CBbBh/ Idade Media monk /lJnY/ monxe pick /UBY/ coller, recoller prisoner /'UpBhmL/ prisioneiro/a proud /UpPX/ orgulloso/a, fachendoso/a put /UHW/ pr, poer refuse /pB'cqIh/ negarse, rexeitar run away /pJm L'rCB/ escapar, fuxir, escapulir sail /gMo/ navegar; zarpar, sar en barco salary /'gDoLpi/ salario, soldo scratch /gYpDa/ raar(se) scream /gYpAl/ berrar, gritar, chiar sneeze /gmAh/ espirrar spirit /'gUBpBW/ esprito, alma statue /'gWDaI/ estatua step /gWCU/ pisar still /gWBo/ anda superstition /gIUL'gWBim/ supersticin superstitious /gIUL'gWBiLg/ supersticioso/a surprised /gL'UpOhX/ sorprendido/a sweep /grAU/ varrer symbol /'gBlVo/ smbolo thrilled /epBoX/ entusiasmado/a, afervoado/a, contentsimo/a turn into stone /WKm BmWL 'gWNm/ converter(se) en pedra unlucky /Jm'oJYi/ desafortunado/a, de mala sorte; que trae mala sorte upset /JU'gCW/ desgustado/a, molesto/a, amolado/a village /'dBoBb/ vila, aldea visitor /'dBhBWL/ visitante wish /rBi/ desexar witch /rBa/ bruxa, meiga worried /'rJpiX/ preocupado/a
unit 9
according to /L'YGXBn WL/ de acordo con, segundo, consonte a after-world /'EcWLrKoX/ o mis al, o aln angry /'DnZpi/ enfadado/a, amolado/a bad luck /VDX 'oJY/ mala sorte bless /VoCg/ bendicir bored /VGX/ aborrecido/a, aburrido/a break /VpMY/ romper carry /'YDpi/ levar; traer cave /YMd/ cova century /'gCmaLpi/ sculo common /'YFlLm/ comn, corrente, frecuente confused /YLm'cqIhX/ confundido/a, confuso/a, desconcertado/a connection /YL'mCYim/ conexin, relacin crack /YpDY/ fenda, greta dark (n) /XEY/ escuridade dead /XCX/ morto/a disappear /XBgL'UBL/ desaparecer dream /XpAl/ soar drop /XpFU/ deixar caer; tirar embarrassed /Bl'VDpLgW/ avergoado/a, violento/a, incmodo/a excited /BY'gOWBX/ emocionado/a, ilusionado/a exhausted /BZ'hGgWBX/ exhausto/a, esgotado/a explanation /CYgUoL'mMim/ explicacin four-leafed clover /cGoAcW 'YoPdL/ trevo de catro follas Real English 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Grammar Appendix
Introduction O PLURAL DOS SUBSTANTIVOS
Os mis dos substantivos teen un plural regular que se forma engadindo -s ou -es ao singular. Sinalan de quen algo. Sempre van diante do substantivo que sinala a cousa posuda, sen importar o xnero nin o nmero que esta tea: my cat, my sandals (o meu gato, as mias sandalias). Na 3 persoa do singular hai tres formas, dependendo de se o posuidor de xnero masculino (his), femenino (her) ou neutro (its).
Plural regular con -s

dog (can) banana (banana) dogs bananas
O XENITIVO SAXN
Emprgase para sinalar posesin e sase con persoas, animais ou pases. Para formalo, engadimos un apstrofo () e un s. Pauls house (a casa de Paul) the horses legs (as patas do cabalo) Germanys cities (as cidades de Alemaa) Se o substantivo un plural regular ou concle en s, engdese s , mais se un plural irregular engdese s. your brothers teacher (o profesor dos teus irmns) the childrens toys (os xoguetes dos nenos) Se o nome propio remata en s, pdese engadir ou s. Charles / Charless car (o coche de Charles) Coas cousas emprgase of, non o xenitivo saxn. the colour of the dress (a color do vestido)
Plural regular con -es

Os rematados en s, sh, ch ou x. kiss (bico) kisses brush (cepillo) brushes bench (banco) benches box (caixa) boxes Algns rematados en o tomato (tomate) tomatoes potato (pataca) potatoes (mais piano pianos) Se rematan en consoante + y, cambian ese y por i, mais se rematan en vogal + y s engaden -s. lorry (camin) lorries lady (seora) ladies boy (neno) boys Os mis dos rematados en f ou fe cambian o f por v. shelf (andel) shelves knife (coitelo) knives (mais chief chiefs) Mais algns teen un plural irregular:
O verbo to be
O verbo to be significa principalmente ser ou estar. Afirmativa: suxeito + am / is / are. o nico verbo que ten tres formas distintas no presente. As formas contradas emprganse mis na conversa. They are friendly. (Son simpticos.) Im very calm. (Estou moi tranquilo.) Negativa: suxeito + am / is / are + a partcula not ou a contraccin nt (que se pode engadir a is e a are, mais non a am). You arent old. (Non sodes vellos.) Interrogativa: Am / Is / Are + suxeito. Is your mother a dentist? (Ta nai dentista?) Respostas curtas: ponse o pronome persoal suxeito + o verbo to be, sen contraer en afirmativa ou contrado coa partcula not en negativa. Are those girls from Italy? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. (Esas rapazas son de Italia? Son. Si. / Non.)
Plural irregular
foot (p), tooth (dente) man (home), woman (muller) child (neno/a) person (persoa) mouse (rato) deer (cervo), fish (peixe), sheep (ovella) feet, teeth men, women children people mice deer, fish, sheep
OS ADXECTIVOS POSESIVOS
my your his her its our your their o meu, a mia, os meus, as mias o teu, a ta, os teus, as tas; o seu, a sa, os seus, as sas (de vostede) o seu, a sa, os seus, as sas (del) o seu, a sa, os seus, as sas (dela) o seu, a sa, os seus, as sas (dunha cousa ou animal) o noso, a nosa, os nosos, as nosas o voso, a vosa, os vosos, as vosas; o seu, a sa, os seus, as sas (de vostedes) o seu, a sa, os seus, as sas (deles/delas)
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Os usos do verbo to be
Definicins e feitos xerais Elephants are very big. (Os elefantes son moi grandes.)
Sentimentos e estados I am tired and she is hungry. (Estou cansa e ela ten fame.)
Grammar Appendix
Idade Profesins, relixins e nacionalidades Prezos Medidas Tempo atmosfrico We are fourteen years old. (Temos catorce anos.) My aunt is an artist. (A mia ta artista.) How much is it? Its 20 pounds. (Canto ? Son 20 libras.) Its 50 centimetres wide. (Mide 50 centmetros de ancho.) Its cold. (Vai fro.) Afirmativa: como a forma base do verbo (infinitivo sen to) en todas as persoas ags na 3 do singular, na que se engade -s. She practises the piano every day. (Ela practica piano todos os das.) Nos seguintes casos, engdese -es no canto de -s: - Se remata en ss, sh, ch e x: pass - passes wash - washes mix - mixes - Se remata en o: do - does go - goes - Se remata en consoante + y, cmbiase o y por un i: study - studies carry - carries Negativa: suxeito + do / does + not (nt) + verbo na forma base. Mark doesnt study French. (Mark non estuda francs.) Interrogativa: Do / Does + suxeito + verbo. Do you see the dictionary? (Ves o dicionario?) Respostas curtas: ponse o pronome persoal suxeito + do / does ou dont / doesnt. Do you play the guitar? Yes, I do. / No, I dont. (Ti tocas a guitarra? Toco. Si. / No.)
O VERBO have got

O verbo have got significa ter. Expresa posesin ou os trazos de algun ou algo. Afirmativa: suxeito + have (ve) got ou has (s) got. We have got a very tall father. (Temos un pai moi alto.) Negativa: suxeito + have / has + not (nt) + got. I havent got shoes for the party. (Non teo zapatos para a festa.) Interrogativa: Have / Has + suxeito + got. Have you got a computer in your bedroom? (Tes un ordenador no teu cuarto?) Respostas curtas: ponse o pronome persoal suxeito + have / has ou havent / hasnt (sen got). Has he got an apple? Yes, he has. / No, he hasnt. (Ela ten unha maz? Ten. Si. / Non.)
Os usos do Present Simple

Verdades xerais e descricins Feitos habituais ou cotins Gustos e opinins Cats eat fish. (Os gatos comen peixen.) I dont go to school on Sundays. (Non vou ao colexio os domingos.) She likes maths. (Ela gusta das / gstanlle as matemticas.)
UNIT 1 o PRESENT SIMPLE

Afirmativa
I listen You listen He listens She listens It listens We listen You listen They listen
Negativa
I do not listen You do not listen He does not listen It does not listen We do not listen You do not listen They do not listen
Forma contrada
I dont listen You dont listen He doesnt listen It doesnt listen We dont listen You dont listen They dont listen
Programas e horarios The lesson starts at 9 oclock. (A clase comeza s nove en punto.) Co Present Simple adoitan empregarse as seguintes expresins temporais: every day / week / year (todos/as das / semanas / anos), once / twice a year (unha / das veces ao ano), on + da da semana en plural, at night (pola noite), in the morning (pola ma), in the summer (no vern), etc. Todas poden ir ao comezo ou ao final da frase, mais adoitan poerse ao final. We go on holiday in the summer. (Imos de vacacins no vern.)
She does not listen She doesnt listen
Interrogativa
Do I listen ...? Do you listen ...? Does he listen ...? Does she listen ...? Does it listen ...? Do we listen ...? Do you listen ...? Do they listen ...?
Respostas curtas Afirmativa Negativa

Yes, I do. Yes, you do. Yes, he does. Yes, she does. Yes, it does. Yes, we do. Yes, you do. Yes, they do. No, I dont. No, you dont. No, he doesnt. No, she doesnt. No, it doesnt. No, we dont. No, you dont. No, they dont.
os ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA
Co Present Simple adoitan empregarse os seguintes adverbios de frecuencia: always usually often sometimes rarely never sempre normalmente, polo xeral, xeralmente a mido s veces, algunhas veces ao raro nunca, xamais
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Grammar Appendix
Estes adverbios expresan a frecuencia coa que se fai algunha cousa. Colocnse diante do verbo, ags no caso do verbo to be, que van detrs. I rarely get up early on Saturdays. (Ao raro rgome cedo os sbados.) Patrick often rides a bike to school. (Patrick vai a mido en bicicleta ao colexio.) - Se de 1 slaba e remata en 1 vogal + 1 consoante, dbrase esta consoante: run - running sit - sitting - Se de 2 slabas e ten o acento na ltima, dbrase a derradeira consoante: refer - referring begin - beginning - Se remata en l, dbrase a devandita letra: travel - travelling - Se remata en ie, cmbiase ie por un y: lie - lying die - dying Negativa: suxeito + am / is / are + a partcula not ou a contraccin nt (que se pode engadir a is e are, mais non a am) + un verbo rematado en -ing. Na conversa adoita empregarse a forma contrada. Im not working at the moment. (Eu non estou a traballar neste intre.) Interrogativa: Am / Is / Are + suxeito + un verbo rematado en -ing. Are you studying now? (Estades a estudar agora?) Respostas curtas: ponse o pronome persoal suxeito + o verbo to be, sen contraer en afirmativa ou contrado coa partcula not en negativa. Are you coming to the pub? Yes, I am. / No, Im not. (Vs ao pub? Vou. Si. / No.) Co Present Continuous adoitan empregarse as seguintes expresins temporais: now (agora), at the moment (neste intre /momento), right now (arestora), today (hoxe), these days (hoxe en da), this week (esta semana), etc. Todas poden ir ao comezo ou ao final da frase, mais adoitan poerse ao final. Joe is sleeping right now. (Joe est a durmir arestora.)
UNIT 2 o PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Afirmativa
I am waiting You are waiting He is waiting She is waiting It is waiting We are waiting You are waiting They are waiting
Forma contrada
Im waiting Youre waiting Hes waiting Shes waiting Its waiting Were waiting Youre waiting Theyre waiting
Negativa
I am not waiting You are not waiting He is not waiting She is not waiting It is not waiting We are not waiting You are not waiting They are not waiting
Forma contrada
Im not waiting You arent / Youre not waiting He isnt / Hes not waiting She isnt / Shes not waiting It isnt / Its not waiting We arent / Were not waiting You arent / Youre not waiting They arent / Theyre not waiting
Interrogativa
Am I waiting? Are you waiting? Is he waiting? Is she waiting? Is it waiting? Are we waiting? Are you waiting? Are they waiting?

Yes, I am. Yes, you are. Yes, he is. Yes, she is. Yes, it is. Yes, we are. Yes, you are. Yes, they are. No, Im not. No, you arent. No, he isnt. No, she isnt. No, it isnt. No, we arent. No, you arent. No, they arent.
CONTRASTE PRESENT SIMPLE / present cONTINUOUS

Present Simple expresa hbitos, mais o Present Continuous O sinala o que est a ocorrer no intre de falar. I usually go out with my friends on Saturdays, but today Im visiting my grandparents. (Polo xeral saio cos meus amigos os sbados, mais hoxe estou a visitar os meus avs.)
Expresa o que est a ocorrer no intre de falar ou no perodo de tempo presente. Afirmativa: suxeito + am / is / are + un verbo rematado en -ing. He is feeding his dog now. (El est a darlle de comer ao seu can agora.) N os seguintes casos, cmpre reparar nestas regras ortogrficas para engadir -ing: - Se remata en e mudo, prdese o e: live - living Real English 2 Galician
B Burlington Books
Os verbos estticos
Os verbos estticos emprganse para expresar gustos, sentimentos e desexos, actividades da mente, pertenza e percepcin. Refrense a estados no canto de a accins, polo que non se adoitan empregar co Present Continuous. I want a computer for Christmas. (Quero un ordenador para o Nadal.) Lisa doesnt know him. (Lisa non o coece.)
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Grammar Appendix UNIT 3 o PAST SIMPLE

Afirmativa
I shouted You shouted He shouted She shouted It shouted We shouted You shouted They shouted Respostas curtas: ponse o pronome persoal suxeito + did ou didnt. Did they study in Germany? Yes, they did. / No, they didnt. (Estudaron na Alemaa? Estudaron. Si. / No.)
Negativa
I did not shout You did not shout He did not shout She did not shout It did not shout We did not shout You did not shout
Forma contrada
I didnt shout You didnt shout He didnt shout She didnt shout It didnt shout We didnt shout You didnt shout
Os usos do Past Simple

Expresarmos accins pasadas They moved to a new house last week. (Mudronse a unha casa nova a semana pasada.)
Dicirmos o que ocorreu He went to Dublin a year ago. nun momento concreto (El marchou a Dubln hai un ano.) Contarmos historias en pasado She cleaned her room. Then she went to the concert. (Ela limpou o seu cuarto. Logo foi ao concerto.)
They did not shout They didnt shout
Interrogativa
Did I shout ...? Did you shout ...? Did he shout ...? Did she shout ...? Did it shout ...? Did we shout ...? Did you shout ...?

Yes, I did. Yes, you did. Yes, he did. Yes, she did. Yes, it did. Yes, we did. Yes, you did. No, I didnt. No, you didnt. No, he didnt. No, she didnt. No, it didnt. No, we didnt. No, you didnt. No, they didnt.
In the past, children didnt stay Contarmos como eran at home to play. as cousas noutro tempo (No pasado, os nenos non quedaban a xogar na casa.) Co Past Simple adoitan empregarse estas expresins temporais: as que levan ago (hai) ao final de expresin, last night / week / year (esta noite, a semana pasada, o ano pasado), at + unha hora, on + un da ou unha data, in + un ano, in the past (no pasado), yesterday (onte), etc. Poden ir ao comezo ou ou ao final da frase, mais adoitan poerse ao final. They got married in 1968. (Casaron en 1968.) She became very famous many years ago. (Ela chegou a ser moi famosa hai moitos anos.)
Did they shout ...? Yes, they did.
Afirmativa: frmase engadindo -ed aos verbos regulares e igual en todas as persoas. Os verbos irregulares non seguen regra ningunha e por iso cmpre aprendelos de memoria. Podes ver unha listaxe deles nas pxinas 24-25. I worked hard yesterday. (Traballei moito onte.) Nos seguintes casos, cmpre reparar nestas regras ortogrficas para engadir -ed: - Se de 1 slaba e remata en 1 vogal + 1 consoante, dbrase esta consoante: stop - stopped drop - dropped - Se de 2 slabas e ten o acento na derradeira, dbrase a derradeira consoante: prefer - preferred permit - permitted - Se remata en l, dbrase esa letra: travel - travelled - Se concle en consoante + y, cmbiase o y por un i: study - studied try - tried - Se remata en e mudo, s se engade -d: bake - baked live - lived Negativa: suxeito + did not ou didnt + un verbo na forma base. He didnt get the job on Monday. (El non conseguiu o traballo o luns.) Interrogativa: Did + suxeito + un verbo na forma base. Did you meet your cousin on Sunday? (Encontraches o teu curmn o domingo?)
THERE WAS / THERE WERE

Contbeis Afirmativa Non contbeis
There was a party. There was There were guitars. music. There wasnt a teacher. There wasnt Negativa There werent any cars. coffee. Was there a shirt? Was there Interrogativa Were there any food? children? Yes, there was. / No, there wasnt. Respostas curtas Yes, there were. / No, there werent. Afirmativa: There was vai seguido de substantivos contbeis en singular ou non contbeis. There were vai seguido de substantivos contbeis en plural. Son as formas de pasado de There is e There are e, polo tanto, significan Haba... ou Houbo.... Negativa: There was / There were + a partcula not (There was not / There were not) ou a contraccin nt (There wasnt / There werent). Interrogativa: as preguntas comezan polo verbo Was / Were + there. Respostas curtas: vlvese orde normal e na negativa emprganse as formas contradas. 11
B Burlington Books
Grammar Appendix UNIT 4 o PAST CONTINUOUS

Afirmativa
I was going You were going He was going She was going It was going We were going You were going They were going
Os usos do Past Continuous

Expresarmos o que estaba a ocorrer no pasado Describirmos das ou mis accins prolongadas e simultneas no pasado, unidas por while ou as Yesterday at half past seven, I was driving to work. (Onte s sete e media, estaba a conducir cara ao traballo.) They were talking to me while / as I was studying. (Estaban a falarme mentres eu estaba a estudar.)
Negativa
I was not going You were not going He was not going She was not going It was not going We were not going You were not going They were not going
Forma contrada
I wasnt going You werent going He wasnt going She wasnt going It wasnt going We werent going You werent going They werent going
CONTRASTE PAST simple / PAST CONTINUOUS

O Past Simple indica que a accin ocorreu e rematou no tempo sinalado na frase, mentres que o Past Continuous fala de accins prolongadas que estaban a ocorrer no pasado. Columbus sailed to America in 1492. (Coln navegou cara a Amrica en 1492.) I was sailing on a yacht last summer. (Estaba a navegar nun iate o vern pasado.) Co Past Simple adoita empregarse when e co Past Continuous as conxuncins while ou as. We were looking at the map when the train came. (Estabamos a mirar o mapa cando chegou o tren.) While / As we were looking at the map, the train came. (Mentres estabamos a mirar o mapa, chegou o tren.)
Interrogativa
Was I going? Were you going? Was he going? Was she going? Was it going? Were we going? Were you going? Were they going?

Yes, I was. Yes, you were. Yes, he was. Yes, she was. Yes, it was. Yes, we were. Yes, you were. Yes, they were. No, I wasnt. No, you werent. No, he wasnt. No, she wasnt. No, it wasnt. No, we werent. No, you werent. No, they werent.
Afirmativa: suxeito + was / were + un verbo rematado en -ing. I was flying in a helicopter. (Estaba a voar nun helicptero.) As regras para engadir -ing atpanse na pxina 14. Negativa: suxeito + was / were + a partcula not ou a contraccin nt + un verbo rematado en -ing. They werent waiting for you. (Non estaban a esperar por ti.) Interrogativa: Was / Were + suxeito + un verbo rematado en -ing. Were you riding a motorbike? (Estabas a montar en moto?) Respostas curtas: ponse o pronome persoal suxeito + was / were sen contraer en afirmativa ou contrado coa partcula not en negativa. Was he reading the travel guide? Yes, he was. / No, he wasnt. (Estaba a ler a gua de viaxes? Estaba. Si. / Non.) Co Past Continuous adoitan empregarse as seguintes expresins temporais: as que levan ago (hai) ao final da expresin, at + unha hora, yesterday morning / afternoon (onte pola ma / tarde), last night (a pasada noite), etc. Poden ir ao comezo ou ao final da frase, pero adoitan poerse ao final. She was travelling to Italy last night. (Ela estaba a viaxar a Italia a pasada noite.)
UNIT 5 O FUTURO CON will

Afirmativa
I will expect You will expect He will expect She will expect It will expect We will expect You will expect They will expect
Forma contrada
Ill expect Youll expect Hell expect Shell expect Itll expect Well expect Youll expect Theyll expect
Negativa
I will not expect You will not expect He will not expect She will not expect It will not expect We will not expect You will not expect They will not expect
Forma contrada
I wont expect You wont expect He wont expect She wont expect It wont expect We wont expect You wont expect They wont expect
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Grammar Appendix
Interrogativa
Will I expect ...? Will you expect ...? Will he expect ...? Will she expect ...? Will it expect ...? Will we expect ...? Will you expect ...? Will they expect ...?

Yes, I will. Yes, you will. Yes, he will. Yes, she will. Yes, it will. Yes, we will. Yes, you will. Yes, they will. No, I wont. No, you wont. No, he wont. No, she wont. No, it wont. No, we wont. No, you wont. No, they wont.
Afirmativa: suxeito + o auxiliar will + verbo na forma base. igual en todas as persoas. Na conversa, will contrae co suxeito (ll) e pronnciase como un s l. We will win the match. (Gaaremos o partido.) Negativa: suxeito + will + a partcula not (ou a contraccin wont) + verbo na forma base. They wont score another goal. (Non metern outro gol.) Interrogativa: Will + suxeito + verbo na forma base. Will Jess play today? (Jess xogar hoxe?) Respostas curtas: ponse o pronome persoal suxeito + will ou wont. Will the glaciers melt? Yes, they will. / No, they wont. (Derreteranse os glaciares? Derreteranse. Si. / Non.)
Usos do futuro con will

Anunciarmos accins ou feitos futuros Predicirmos o que se cre que ocorrer Expresarmos decisins sbitas Messi will score a goal. (Messi marcar un gol.) I think it will rain tomorrow. (Coido que chover ma.) Its cold. Ill take the coat. (Vai fro. Collerei o abrigo.)
S e a condicin vai primeiro, ponse unha vrgula entre a oracin principal e a subordinada. If he runs faster, Owen will break the record. (Se corre mis rpido, Owen superar a marca.) Negativa: pdese negar o verbo en presente, o verbo en futuro ou ambos os dous. If he doesnt go, I will stay at home. (Se el non vai, quedarei na casa.) If he goes, I wont stay at home. (Se el vai, non quedarei na casa.) If he doesnt go, I wont stay at home. (Se el non vai, non quedarei na casa.) Interrogativa: Will + suxeito + predicado da oracin principal + oracin subordinada. Will they go skiing if it is stormy? (Irn esquiar se vai treboada?) Respostas curtas: ponse o pronome persoal suxeito + will ou wont. Will you come to the beach if it is sunny? Yes, I will. / No, I wont. (Virs praia se vai sol? Virei. Si. / Non.) Para expresarmos que algo ocorrer ou non ocorrer se non se cumpre a condicin, a subordinada introdcese pola conxuncin unless, que equivale a if not (a non ser que, a menos que, se non). Unless you train us, we will lose the next match. (A non ser que nos adestres / Se non nos adestras, perderemos o vindeiro partido.)
O FUTURO CON BE GOING TO

Afirmativa
I am going to play You are going to play He is going to play She is going to play It is going to play We are going to play You are going to play They are going to play
Forma contrada
Im going to play Youre going to play Hes going to play Shes going to play Its going to play Were going to play Youre going to play Theyre going to play
Con will adoitan empregarse expresins temporais como later (mis tarde), soon (axia, pronto), in an hour (dentro dunha hora), tomorrow (ma), next week / month / year (a semana / o mes /o ano que vn), etc. Tamn se empregan outras que sinalan un futuro afastado: in ten years (en dez anos), in + un ano, one day (algn da), in the future (no futuro), etc. Todas poden ir ao comezo ou ao final da frase, mais adoitan poerse ao final. One day, I will become a referee. (Algn da chegarei a ser rbitro.)
Negativa e forma contrada

I am not / Im not going to play You are not / You arent / Youre not going to play He is not / He isnt / Hes not going to play She is not / She isnt / Shes not going to play It is not / It isnt / Its not going to play We are not / We arent / Were not going to play You are not / You arent / Youre not going to play They are not / They arent / Theyre not going to play
O PRIMEIRO CONDICIONAL
Emprgase para falar de accins que ocorrern se se cumpre a condicin sinalada. Afirmativa: a condicin (oracin subordinada) exprsase con if + Present Simple, e o resultado (oracin principal), adoita ir en futuro con will. He will break the record if he runs faster. (El superar a marca se corre mis rpido.) Real English 2 Galician
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Grammar Appendix
Interrogativa
Am I going to play? Are you going to play? Is he going to play? Is she going to play? Is it going to play? Are we going to play? Are you going to play? Are they going to play?

Yes, I am. Yes, you are. Yes, he is. Yes, she is. Yes, it is. Yes, we are. Yes, you are. Yes, they are. No, Im not. No, you arent. No, he isnt. No, she isnt. No, it isnt. No, we arent. No, you arent. No, they arent.
o PRESENT CONTINUOUS CON VALOR DE FUTURO

O Present Continuous expresa o que est a ocorrer no presente, mais tamn se emprega para anunciar plans persoais que ocorrern no futuro prximo pois se fixaron de antemn. Were playing a football match on Saturday. (Xogaremos un partido de ftbol o sbado.) [xa se decidiu] Distnguese de be going to en que expresa algo certo, non unha intencin, e do Present Continuous normal nas expresins temporais, que se refiren ao futuro e non ao presente: soon (axia), later (mis tarde), tomorrow (ma), tonight (esta noite), next week / month / year (a semana / o mes / o ano que vn), etc. He is leaving this afternoon. (Marcha esta tarde.) We are competing with them tomorrow. (Competimos con eles ma.)
Significa ir / non ir + infinitivo. Afirmativa: suxeito + to be en presente + going to + verbo na forma base. They are going to go to Italy this summer. (Van ir a Italia este vern.) Negativa: suxeito + to be en presente + not (nt) + going to + verbo na forma base. They arent going to win the championship. (Non van gaar o campionato.) Interrogativa: to be en presente + suxeito + going to + verbo na forma base. Is she going to come to the ski resort with us? (Vai vir ela estacin de esqu connosco?) Respostas curtas: ponse o pronome persoal suxeito + o verbo to be, sen contraer en afirmativa ou contrado coa partcula not en negativa. Are you going to do judo next year? Yes, I am. / No, Im not. (Vas facer judo o ano que vn? Vou. Si. / Non.)
UNIT 6 O COMPARATIVO DOS ADXECTIVOS

Para compararmos das cousas, animais ou persoas emprganse os adxectivos en grao comparativo. O comparativo de superioridade (mis ... que/ca/do que) emprgase para comparar das cousas, animais ou persoas cando unha supera outra nalgn aspecto. Para formalo cmpre reparar na lonxitude do adxectivo. 1 . Se ten 1 slaba, ou 2 e remata en y, considrase curto e engdeselle a terminacin -er. Detrs pnselle a partcula than. The silver ring is cheaper than the gold one. (O anel de prata mis barato que o de ouro.) Nos seguintes casos, o adxectivo muda ao lle engadir -er: - Se ten 1 slaba e remata en 1 vogal + 1 consoante, dbrase esa consoante: thin - thinner big - bigger - Se ten 2 slabas e remata en consoante + y, cmbiase o y por un i: crazy - crazier lucky - luckier - Se remata en l, duplcase a devandita letra: cruel - crueller - Se concle en e mudo, s se engade -r: nice - nicer 2 . Se o adxectivo ten 2 slabas ou mis, longo e a comparativa frmase con more + adxectivo + than. Villages are more peaceful than cities. (As vilas son mis tranquilas que as cidades.) O comparativo de inferioridade frmase con less + adxectivo + than (menos ... que/ca ou do que). Mountains are less crowded than beaches in the summer. (As montaas estn menos ateigadas que as praias no vern.)
Os usos do futuro con be going to

Falarmos de intencins, plans ou decisins Expresarmos o que vai ocorrer pois hai indicios diso Im going to paint the house. (Vou pintar a casa.) She is going to have a baby. (Vai ter un beb.)
Con be going to adoitan empregarse as seguintes expresins temporais: later (mis tarde), soon (axia), in an hour (dentro dunha hora), tomorrow (ma), next week / month / year (a semana / o mes / o ano vindeiro), etc. Todas poden ir ao comezo ou ao final da frase, mais adoitan poerse ao final. The match is going to start in an hour. (O partido vai comezar dentro dunha hora.)
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Grammar Appendix o SUPERLATIVO DOS ADXECTIVOS

Emprgase para compararmos mis de das cousas, animais ou persoas e dicir que unha destaca sobre as demais. Leva the diante do adxectivo e tamn cmpre ter en conta a sa lonxitude: - Se curto, engdeselle a terminacin -est segundo as mesmas regras para formar o comparativo con -er. This is the cheapest necklace in the shop. (Este o colar mis barato da tenda.) - Se longo, ponse diante the most. This forest is the most pleasant place I know. (Este bosque o lugar mis agradbel que coezo.) O superlativo pode ir seguido das preposicins in, of e on. Spring is the most colourful season of the year. (A primavera a estacin mis colorida do ano.) Para sinalar que algun ou algo inferior que o resto nalgn aspecto emprgase a estrutura the least + adxectivo. Deserts are the least noisy places in the world. (Os desertos son os lugares menos ruidosos do mundo.)
UNIT 7 o PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Afirmativa
I have crashed You have crashed He has crashed She has crashed It has crashed We have crashed You have crashed They have crashed
Forma contrada
Ive crashed Youve crashed Hes crashed Shes crashed Its crashed Weve crashed Youve crashed Theyve crashed
Negativa
I have not crashed You have not crashed He has not crashed She has not crashed It has not crashed We have not crashed You have not crashed They have not crashed
Forma contrada
I havent crashed You havent crashed He hasnt crashed She hasnt crashed It hasnt crashed We havent crashed You havent crashed They havent crashed
Os adxectivos irregulares
Ao non seguiren regra ningunha, cmpre aprender as sas formas comparativa e superlativa de memoria.
Interrogativa
Have I crashed ...? Have you crashed ...? Has he crashed ...? Has she crashed ...? Has it crashed ...? Have we crashed ...? Have you crashed ...? Have they crashed ...?

Yes, I have. Yes, you have. Yes, he has. Yes, she has. Yes, it has. Yes, we have. Yes, you have. Yes, they have. No, I havent. No, you havent. No, he hasnt. No, she hasnt. No, it hasnt. No, we havent. No, you havent. No, they havent.
Adxectivo
good (bo/boa) bad (malo/a) far (afastado/a) little (pouco/a)
Comparativo
better worse farther / further less
Superlativo
best worst farthest / furthest least
AS ... AS / too ... / (not) ... enough

O comparativo de igualdade frmase con (not) as + adxectivo + as ((non) tan / tanto ... como/ coma). This table is as heavy as an elephant. (Esta mesa tan pesada como un elefante.) Mount Aneto is not as high as Mount Everest. (O Aneto non tan alto coma o Everest.) Too vai diante do adxectivo e sinala que a cualidade expresada por este excesiva. Significa de mis, demasiado. These earrings are too expensive for me. (Estes pendentes son caros de mis para min.) En cambio, enough ponse detrs do adxectivo e significa (o) bastante, abondo ou (o) suficiente. This pub is lively enough for us. (Este bar (o) bastante / abondo animado para ns.) E not + adxectivo + enough significa non abondo, non (o) bastante ou non (o) suficientemente. This place is not peaceful enough to study. (Este lugar non (o) abondo / suficientemente tranquilo para estudar.) Real English 2 Galician
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Afirmativa: suxeito + has / have + un verbo en participio. We have milked the cows. (Muximos as vacas.) Negativa: suxeito + has / have + a partcula not ou a contraccin nt + un verbo en participio. Megan hasnt swum with sharks. (Megan non nadou con tiburns.) Interrogativa: Has / have + suxeito + un verbo en participio. Have you had any unusual pets? (Tiveches algunha mascota pouco comn?) Respostas curtas: ponse o pronome persoal suxeito + has / have sen contraer en afirmativa ou contrado coa partcula not en negativa. Have they discovered anything? Yes, they have. / No, they havent. (Descubriron algo? Descubriron. Si. / Non.)
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Grammar Appendix
Co Present Perfect Simple adoitan empregarse os seguintes adverbios: ever interrogativa: algunha vez negativa: nunca, xamais afirmativa: nunca, xamais sempre Have you ever held a snake? I havent ever fed lions. She has never trained dogs. Theyve always had that car. Weve already been to Berlin. We have just met them. She hasnt tried your cake yet. Have you watched that film yet? Have they been here recently? He hasnt been to the gym lately. They have volunteered several times at the Cruz Roja. How much of the country have you explored so far? Accins moi recentes (leva just e tradcese por acabar / vir de + infinitivo) The aeroplane has just landed. (O avin vn de aterrar.)
never always
UNIT 8 OS CUANTIFICADORES
Con substantivos contbeis en plural e non contbeis. a lot of moito/a/os/as A lot of musicians play here. unha chea/ There is a lot of noise. morea de Con substantivos contbeis en plural. many moitos/as Many people like rock music. much Frases negativas e interrogativas: Con substantivos non contbeis. I havent got much time. moito/a Was there much money? Substantivos contbeis en plural. How many guitars are there? Substantivos non contbeis. Cando vai co verbo to be serve para preguntar o prezo dunha cousa. How much coordination have you got? How much is it?
already afirmativa: xa afirmativa: acabar/ just vir de negativa: anda yet interrogativa: xa recently recentemente lately several times so far ultimamente varias veces at o momento
C mpre ter en conta que just, already, always, ever e never, pense entre o auxiliar have e o participio do verbo principal. Yet colcase ao final da frase. O resto poden ir ao comezo ou ao final da frase, mais adoitan poerse ao final.
How many ...? Cantos/as...?
How much ...? Canto/a...?
FOR / SINCE
Co Present Perfect Simple tamn se empregan as expresins temporais que comezan con: A preposicin for seguida dun perodo de tempo que sinala a duracin da accin. Tradcese como durante, ao longo de ou non se traduce. Your sister has lived in the USA for ten years. (A ta irm viviu nos EUA ao longo de dez anos.) A preposicin since, que sinala o intre en que comezou a accin. Tradcese como desde, dende. I havent seen him since Tuesday. (Non o vin desde o martes.)
oS DETERMINANTES
Con substantivos contbeis en singular. Emprganse diante dun substantivo que non a / an coecido polo falante. un/unha a drum, an ambulance Frases afirmativas: Con substantivos contbeis en plural e non contbeis. Frases interrogativas: Cando a pregunta expresa unha oferta ou pedimento some e agrdase que a resposta sexa afirmativa. uns/unhas There are some CDs. algns/unhas Weve got some jazz music. algo de un pouco de Would you like some water? (ou non se traduce) Frases negativas e interrogativas: Con substantivos contbeis en plural e non contbeis. ningn/unha I havent got any books. nada de She hasnt got any rhythm. any (ou non se traduce) algn/unha algns/unhas Are there any bananas? algo de Have you got any money? (ou non se traduce) 16
Os usos do Present Perfect Simple

Accins que comezaron no pasado e anda continan (leva for ou since e tradcese en presente) Accins pasadas que afectan ao presente ou teen consecuencias no momento actual Accins pasadas sen especificar cando ocorreron Real English 2 Galician Sam has volunteered at the Red Cross since 1998. (Sam voluntario da Cruz Vermella desde 1998.) I have rowed for hours. Im very tired now. (Remei durante horas. Agora estou moi canso.) I have parachuted once. (Saltei en paracadas unha vez.)
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Grammar Appendix THERE IS / THERE ARE

Contbeis Non contbeis
There is a concert. There is some There are some Afirmativa music. mosquitoes. There isnt a signal. There isnt any There arent any Negativa noise. builders. Is there a computer? Is there any Interrogativa Are there any birds? bread? Yes, there is. / No, there isnt. Respostas curtas Yes, there are. / No, there arent. Afirmativa: There is vai seguido de substantivos contbeis en singular ou non contbeis. There are vai seguido de substantivos contbeis en plural. Ambos os dous tradcense como Hai.... Negativa: There is / There are + a partcula not (There is not / There are not) ou a contraccin nt (There isnt / There arent). Interrogativa: as preguntas comezan polo verbo Is / Are + there. Respostas curtas: vlvese orde normal e na negativa emprganse as formas contradas.
Interrogativa
Can I swim? Can you swim? Can he swim? Can she swim? Can it swim? Can we swim? Can you swim? Can they swim?

Yes, I can. Yes, you can. Yes, he can. Yes, she can. Yes, it can. Yes, we can. Yes, you can. Yes, they can. No, I cant. No, you cant. No, he cant. No, she cant. No, it cant. No, we cant. No, you cant. No, they cant.
os PRONOMES POSESIVOS
mine yours his hers ours yours theirs meu/mia, meus/mias teu/ta, teus/tas; seu/sa, seus/sas (de vostede) seu/sa, seus/sas (del) seu/sa, seus/sas (dela) noso/a, nosos/as voso/a, vosos/as; seu/sa, seus/sas (de vostedes) seu/sa, seus/sas (deles/as)
Afirmativa: suxeito + can + verbo na forma base. They can speak English very well. (Saben falar ingls moi ben.) I can carry it in my car. (Podo levalo no meu coche.) You can cross at a green light. (Podes cruzar con luz verde.) Negativa: suxeito + cannot ou a forma contrada cant + verbo na forma base. We cannot change her. (Non podemos cambiala.) Interrogativa: can+ suxeito + verbo na forma base. Can we go to the caves? (Podemos ir s covas?) Respostas curtas: ponse o pronome persoal suxeito + can ou cant. Can you cook? Yes, I can. / No, I cant. (Sabes cociar? Sei. Si. / Non.)
Usos do verbo can

Habilidade ou capacidade She can read very well. para facer algo: saber, (Ela sabe ler moi ben.) ser quen de Posibilidade de facer algo: poder Pedir permiso ou un favor a algun con quen se ten confianza: poder You can break it. Be careful. (Podes rompelo. Ten coidado.) Can I pick this apple? Yes, you can. (Podo coller esta maz? Podes. Si.)
Sinalan de quen algo. Sustiten ao substantivo que sinala a cousa posuda e concordan co posuidor. Those trousers are hers. (Aqueles pantalns son seus.) Ao traducilos, podes acompaar estes pronomes co artigo determinado. This guitar isnt yours. Its mine. (Esta guitarra non (a) ta. (a) mia.)
cOULD / cOULDnt
Afirmativa
I could go You could go He could go She could go It could go We could go You could go They could go
UNIT 9 can / cant

Afirmativa
I can swim You can swim He can swim She can swim It can swim We can swim You can swim They can swim
Negativa
I could not go You could not go He could not go She could not go It could not go We could not go You could not go They could not go
Forma contrada
I couldnt go You couldnt go He couldnt go She couldnt go It couldnt go We couldnt go You couldnt go They couldnt go
Negativa
I cannot swim You cannot swim He cannot swim She cannot swim It cannot swim We cannot swim You cannot swim They cannot swim
Forma contrada
I cant swim You cant swim He cant swim She cant swim It cant swim We cant swim You cant swim They cant swim
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Grammar Appendix
Interrogativa
Could I go? Could you go? Could he go? Could she go? Could it go? Could we go? Could you go? Could they go?

Yes, I could. Yes, you could. Yes, he could. Yes, she could. Yes, it could. Yes, we could. Yes, you could. Yes, they could. No, I couldnt. No, you couldnt. No, he couldnt. No, she couldnt. No, it couldnt. No, we couldnt. No, you couldnt. No, they couldnt.
Interrogativa
Should I try? Should you try? Should he try? Should she try? Should it try? Should we try? Should you try? Should they try?

Yes, I should. Yes, you should. Yes, he should. Yes, she should. Yes, it should. Yes, we should. Yes, you should. Yes, they should. No, I shouldnt. No, you shouldnt. No, he shouldnt. No, she shouldnt. No, it shouldnt. No, we shouldnt. No, you shouldnt. No, they shouldnt.
Afirmativa: suxeito + could + verbo na forma base. In the past, you could buy many things with a pound. (No pasado, podanse mercar moitas cousas con unha libra.) The prisoners could run away through a hole. (Os prisioneiros puideron fuxir por un burato.) Negativa: suxeito + could not ou a forma contrada couldnt + verbo na forma base. They couldnt find any ghosts in the house. (Non puideron atopar pantasma ningunha na casa.) Interrogativa: could + suxeito + verbo na forma base. Could they give you any explanation? (Puideron darche algunha explicacin?) Respuestas breves: ponse o pronome persoal suxeito + could ou couldnt. Could you arrive on time? Yes, I could. / No, I couldnt. (Puideches chegar a tempo? Puiden. Si. / Non.)
Afirmativa: suxeito + should + verbo na forma base. You should act in that film. (Deberas actuar nesa pelcula.) Negativa: suxeito + shouldnt + verbo na forma base. Ships shouldnt sail on Friday. (Os barcos non deberan zarpar en venres.) Interrogativa: should + suxeito + verbo na forma base. Should I be worried? (Debera estar preocupado?) Respostas curtas: ponse o pronome persoal suxeito + should ou shouldnt. Should we believe in bad luck? Yes, we should. / No, we shouldnt. (Deberiamos crer na mala sorte? Deberiamos. Si. / Non.)
Os usos de should / shouldnt

Darmos consellos Dicirmos o que se debera ou non facer You should go now. Its late. (Deberas marchar xa. tarde.) They shouldnt shout here. (Non deberan berrar aqu.)
Os usos de could
Habilidade ou capacidade para facer algo no pasado Posibilidade de facer algo no pasado Sam could read at the age of six. (Sam saba ler aos seis anos.) I couldnt refuse to do it. (Non puiden negarme a facelo.)
MUST / MUSTnt
Afirmativa
I must sweep You must sweep He must sweep She must sweep It must sweep We must sweep You must sweep They must sweep
Negativa
I mustnt sweep You mustnt sweep He mustnt sweep She mustnt sweep It mustnt sweep We mustnt sweep You mustnt sweep They mustnt sweep
SHOULD / SHOULDnt
Afirmativa
I should try You should try He should try She should try It should try We should try You should try They should try
Negativa
I shouldnt try You shouldnt try He shouldnt try She shouldnt try It shouldnt try We shouldnt try You shouldnt try They shouldnt try
Afirmativa: suxeito + must + verbo na forma base. She must tell them the truth. (Ela debe contarlles a verdade.) Negativa: suxeito + must not ou mustnt (a mis habitual a segunda) + verbo na forma base. They mustnt take photographs here. (Non deben facer fotografas aqu.) [est prohibido] You mustnt break a mirror. (Non debes romper un espello.) [non convn] 18
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Grammar Appendix
Interrogativa: Must + suxeito + verbo na forma base. Neste caso, must expresa obriga ou necesidade, anda que este verbo modal non se adoita empregar na forma interrogativa. Must we speak to the manager? (Debemos falar co encargado?) Respostas curtas: ponse o pronome persoal suxeito + must ou mustnt. Must I take you home? Yes, you must. / No, you mustnt. (Debo levarte casa? Debes. Si. / Non.)
will (vxase a px. 12)

Anunciarmos accins ou feitos futuros. Usos Predicirmos o que se cre que ocorrer. Expresarmos decisins sbitas. Expresiones temporales: later, one day, in the future, etc.
Primeiro condicional (vxase a px. 13)

Usos Expresarmos o que ocorrer se se cumpre a condicin sinalada.
Os usos de must / mustnt

Obriga, necesidade ou conveniencia de facer I must give them an explanation. (Debo darlles unha explicacin.) algo: deber Prohibicin de facer algo porque non est You mustnt scratch your nose. permitido, non convn (Non debes raar o nariz.) ou non correcto.
Condicin: If / Unless + Present Simple Resultado: futuro con will
be going to (vxase a px. 13)

Usos Expresarmos plans, intencins e decisins. Expresarmos o que vai ocorrer pois hai sinais diso.
Expresins temporais: later, soon, in + un ano, etc.
REPASO DOS TEMPOS VERBAIS

Present Simple (vxase a px. 9)
Verdades xerais e descricins. Feitos habituais ou cotins. Gostos e opinins. Programas e horarios. Expresins temporais: every day, on Mondays, etc. Adverbios de frecuencia: always, usually, often, never, etc. Usos Usos
Present Continuous con valor de futuro (vxase a px. 14)

Accins que ocorrern no futuro prximo pois xa se fixaron de antemn. Expresins temporais: soon, later, tonight, next year, etc.
Present Perfect Simple (vxase a px. 15)

Accins que comezaron no pasado e anda continan. Accins pasadas que afectan ao presente. Usos Accins ocorridas no pasado sen especificar cando ocorreron. Accins pasadas recentes. Expresins temporais: for, since, ever, never, just, etc.
Present Continuous (vxase a px. 10)

Accins que estn a ocorrer no intre de falar ou no perodo de tempo presente. Expresins temporais: now, at the moment, this week, etc. Usos
Past Simple (vxase a px. 11)

Expresarmos accins pasadas. Dicirmos o que ocorreu nun momento concreto. Usos Contarmos historias en pasado. Contarmos como eran as cousas noutro tempo. Expresins temporais: a week ago, last night, yesterday, etc.
Past Continuous (vxase a px. 12)

Accins que estaban en progreso no pasado. Accins que eran simultneas no pasado Expresins temporais: at + unha hora, last night, etc. Usos
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Irregular Verb List

BASE FORM (V1)
be /VA/ beat /VAW/ become /VB'YJl/ begin /VB'ZBm/ bend /VCmX/ bet /VCW/ bite /VOW/ bleed /VoAX/ blow /VoLH/ break /VpMY/ bring /VpBn/ build /VBoX/ burn /VKm/ buy /VO/ catch /Ya/ choose /aIh/ come /YJl/ cost /YFgW/ cut /YJW/ dig /XBZ/ do /XI/ draw /XpG/ dream /XpAl/ drink /XpBnY/ drive /XpOd/ eat /AW/ fall /cGo/ feed /cAX/ feel /cAo/ fight /cOW/ find /cOmX/ fly /coO/ forget /cL'ZCW/ forgive /cL'ZBd/ freeze /cpAh/ get /ZCW/ give /ZBd/ go /ZN/ grow /ZpN/ hang /kn/ have /kd/ hear /kBL/ hide /kOX/ hit /kBW/ hold /kNoX/ hurt /kKW/ keep /YAU/ know /mN/ lay /oCB/ lead /oAX/ Real English 2 Galician
PAST SIMPLE (V2)

was/were /rFh/rK/ beat /VAW/ became /VB'YMl/ began /VB'Zm/ bent /VCmW/ bet /VCW/ bit /VBW/ bled /VoCX/ blew /VoI/ broke /VpLHY/ brought /VpGW/ built /VBoW/ burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ bought /VGW/ caught /YGW/ chose /aLHh/ came /YMl/ cost /YFgW/ cut /YJW/ dug /XJZ/ did /XBX/ drew /XpI/ dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ drank /XpnY/ drove /XpLHd/ ate /CBW/ fell /cCo/ fed /cCX/ felt /cCoW/ fought /cGW/ found /cPmX/ flew /coI/ forgot /cL'ZFW/ forgave /cL'ZMd/ froze /cpLHh/ got /ZFW/ gave /ZMd/ went /rCmW/ grew /ZpI/ hanged/hung /knX/kJn/ had /kX/ heard /kKX/ hid /kBX/ hit /kBW/ held /kCoX/ hurt /kKW/ kept /YCUW/ knew /mqI/ laid /oCBX/ led /oCX/
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PAST PARTICIPLE (V3)
GALEGO
been /VAm/ ser, estar beaten /'VAWm/ golpear, bater become /VB'YJl/ chegar a ser, converterse begun /VB'ZJm/ comezar bent /VCmW/ dobrar(se) bet /VCW/ apostar bitten /'VBWm/ trabar bled /VoCX/ sangrar blown /VoLHm/ soprar broken /'VpLHYLm/ crebar, romper brought /VpGW/ traer built /VBoW/ construr burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ queimar bought /VGW/ mercar caught /YGW/ coller, agarrar chosen /'aLHhm/ elixir come /YJl/ vir cost /YFgW/ custar cut /YJW/ cortar dug /XJZ/ cavar done /XJm/ facer drawn /XpGm/ debuxar dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ soar drunk /XpJnY/ beber driven /'XpBdm/ conducir eaten /AWm/ comer fallen /'cGoLm/ caer fed /cCX/ alimentar felt /cCoW/ sentir(se) fought /cGW/ loitar, pelexar found /cPmX/ atopar flown /coLHm/ voar forgotten /cL'ZFWm/ esquecer forgiven /cL'ZBdm/ perdoar frozen /'cpLHhm/ conxelar(se) got /ZFW/ conseguir, acadar; chegar given /ZBdm/ dar gone /ZFm/ ir grown /ZpNm/ crecer, medrar; cultivar hanged/hung /knX/kJn/ pendurar had /kX/ ter; haber heard /kKX/ or, ouvir hidden /'kBXm/ agochar hit /kBW/ golpear, bater, pegar held /kCoX/ suxeitar, termar de hurt /kKW/ ferir, mancar; doer kept /YCUW/ gardar, manter known /mNm/ saber, coecer laid /oCBX/ poer, pr; estender led /oCX/ guiar, conducir 20
Irregular Verb List BASE FORM (V1) PAST SIMPLE (V2) PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) GALEGO
aprender deixar; marchar, irse, sar emprestar permitir, deixar tombarse, deitarse mentir acender, prender perder facer, fabricar significar, querer dicir coecer a; xuntarse / quedar con pagar poer, pr ler montar chamar, telefonar elevarse, erguerse correr dicir ver vender enviar colocar axitar brillar, escintilar disparar amosar, ensinar pechar cantar afundir sentar durmir ulir, cheirar falar soletrear gastar; pasar (tempo) estar a p roubar pegar varrer nadar coller; levar ensinar rachar, esgazar dicir, contar coidar, pensar tirar; guindar, lanzar comprender, entender espertar levar posto, vestir gaar escribir 21 learn /oKm/ learnt/learned /oKmW/oKmX/ learnt/learned /oKmW/oKmX/ leave /oAd/ left /oCcW/ left /oCcW/ lend /oCmX/ lent /oCmW/ lent /oCmW/ let /oCW/ let /oCW/ let /oCW/ lie /oO/ lay /oCB/ lain /oCBm/ lie /oO/ (regular verb) lied /oOX/ lied /oOX/ light /oOW/ lit /oBW/ lit /oBW/ lose /oIh/ lost /oFgW/ lost /oFgW/ make /lCBY/ made /lCBX/ made /lCBX/ mean /lAm/ meant /lCmW/ meant /lCmW/ meet /lAW/ met /lCW/ met /lCW/ pay /UM/ paid /UMX/ paid /UMX/ put /UHW/ put /UHW/ put /UHW/ read /pAX/ read /pCX/ read /pCX/ ride /pOX/ rode /pLHX/ ridden /'pBXm/ ring /pBn/ rang /pn/ rung /pJn/ rise /pOh/ rose /pLHh/ risen /'pBhm/ run /pJm/ ran /pm/ run /pJm/ say /gM/ said /gCX/ said /gCX/ see /gA/ saw /gG/ seen /gAm/ sell /gCo/ sold /gLHoX/ sold /gLHoX/ send /gCmX/ sent /gCmW/ sent /gCmW/ set /gCW/ set /gCW/ set /gCW/ shake /iMY/ shook /iHY/ shaken /'iMYLm/ shine /iOm/ shone /iFm/ shone /iFm/ shoot /iIW/ shot /iFW/ shot /iFW/ show /iLH/ showed /iLHX/ shown /iLHm/ shut /iJW/ shut /iJW/ shut /iJW/ sing /gBn/ sang /gn/ sung /gJn/ sink /gBnY/ sank /gnY/ sunk /gJnY/ sit /gBW/ sat /gW/ sat /gW/ sleep /goAU/ slept /goCUW/ slept /goCUW/ smell /glCo/ smelt/smelled /glCoW/glCoX/ smelt/smelled /glCoW/glCoX/ speak /gUAY/ spoke /gULHY/ spoken /gULHYLm/ spell /gUCo/ spelt/spelled /gUCoW/gUCoX/ spelt/spelled /gUCoW/gUCoX/ spend /gUCmX/ spent /gUCmW/ spent /gUCmW/ stand /gWmX/ stood /gWHX/ stood /gWHX/ steal /gWAo/ stole /gWLHo/ stolen /'gWLHoLm/ stick /gWBY/ stuck /gWJY/ stuck /gWJY/ sweep /grAU/ swept /grCUW/ swept /grCUW/ swim /grBl/ swam /grl/ swum /grJl/ take /WMY/ took /WHY/ taken /'WMYLm/ teach /WAa/ taught /WGW/ taught /WGW/ tear /WCL/ tore /WG/ torn /WGm/ tell /WCo/ told /WLHoX/ told /WLHoX/ think /eBnY/ thought /eGW/ thought /eGW/ throw /epN/ threw /epI/ thrown /epNm/ understand /JmXC'gWmX/ understood /JmXC'gWHX/ understood /JmXC'gWHX/ wake up /rMY 'JU/ woke up /rLHY 'JU/ woken up /rLHYLm 'JU/ wear /rCL/ wore /rG/ worn /rGm/ win /rBm/ won /rJm/ won /rJm/ write /pOW/ wrote /pLHW/ written /'pBWm/ Real English 2 Galician
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Writing Guide
ANTES DE ESCRIBIRMOS >> Brainstorming
Repara en que comprendes o tema sobre o que vas escribir. Fai unha listaxe de ideas relacionadas con ese tema e anota todas as que se che ocorran sen preocuparte pola gramtica nin pola ortografa. Logo le esa listaxe de ideas e escolle as importantes. History of Tennis Major Walter Wingfield invented the game in 1873. He gave it the name Spharistike. People play tennis on tennis courts. The first world tennis competition at Wimbledon was in 1877. In 1877 there were 22 players and 200 spectators. People wear tennis shoes when they play tennis. Spencer Gore won the first competition. In 1884, women started competing in Wimbledon.
REPASA O ESCRITO >> Checking your work

AS MAISCULAS
(Capital letters)
Escrbense con maiscula: os nomes e ttulos de persoas: Mrs Sandra Bennett, Dr Perry, Ray Mears o s nomes de lugares como cidades, pases, continentes, edificios famosos, museos, etc.: London, Italy, Asia, the Eiffel Tower, the Guggenheim Museum as nacionalidades: English, Chinese, American os das: Saturday, Tuesday, Friday os meses: January, July, October a primeira palabra dunha oracin: My sister is thirteen years old. pronome persoal I: I go ice skating and I play the guitar. os idiomas: French, Thai, Arabic a s palabras importantes dos ttulos de libros e pelculas, cancins, festividades e xogos de ordenador: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Avatar California Dreamin Christmas Tomb Raider II
ESCRIBE UN TEXTO >> Writing a paragraph

Un texto divdese en tres partes: O limiar ou primeira oracin (opening sentence), que presenta o tema. O desenvolvemento ou corpo do texto (body of paragraph), que ampla a idea principal con informacin importante. A conclusin ou derradeira oracin (closing sentence), que resume o tema e repite a idea principal con outras palabras. I love music. I use my MP4 on the way to school. I download songs from the Internet onto my MP4 and I listen to it all the time. I like many types of music: hip-hop, Latin, jazz and pop, too. When there is good music, Im happy.
closing sentence opening sentence
AS PREPOSICINS DE TEMPO
(Prepositions of time)
Emprganse distintas preposicins diante das horas e os perodos de festa, os das e as datas, os meses, os anos e as partes do da. moi importante que saibas empregar a correcta en cada caso. Prstalle atencin a estes exemplos: at horas: festividades: datas: meses: estacins: anos: partes do da: at two oclock at Christmas on Sunday on 10th May on Christmas Day in June in winter in 2010 in the evening at the weekend at night
on das da semana:
body of paragraph
in
Ags:
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A puntuaCin
(Punctuation)
O punto (.) vai ao final das oracins afirmativas e negativas. Mary is fourteen years old. A vrgula (,) emprgase para separarmos palabras ou ideas. Polo xeral non se pon diante de and. Ive got maths, English and science today. O sinal de interrogacin (?) ponse ao final das preguntas. Do you like sport? O sinal de exclamacin (!) ponse ao final da frase para expresarmos unha emocin ou un sentimento e para facer fincap en algo. I love football!
Writing Guide A ORDE DAS PALABRAS: OS ADVERBIOS

(Word order: Adverbs)
Os adverbios van detrs do verbo. Anna is sitting very quietly. adverb of degree adverb of manner
OS CONECTORES DE SECUENCIA
(Connectors of sequence)
Ao contarmos unha serie de feitos empregamos estas palabras para amosar a orde en que ocorreron: first (primeiro, en primeiro lugar) then (logo, daquela, entn) next (a continuacin, deseguido) after that (logo, despois [diso]) finally (finalmente, para rematar) First indica o primeiro que pasou e finally o derradeiro. My grandfather came to England sixty years ago. First, he got a job in a restaurant. Next, he went to university and he studied science. Then, he became a chemist and he opened a chemists in the centre of town. After that, he met my grandmother and they got married. He worked for many years, but finally, he sold his shop and they went to live near the sea.
A ORDE DAS PALABRAS: SUXEITO - VERBO

(Word order: Subject Verb)
O suxeito da oracin ponse diante do verbo. David walks to school. s v David is riding a new bike. s v Mais nas preguntas vai detrs do verbo ou entre o auxiliar e o verbo principal. Where is my hairdryer? v s Does David walk to school? aux s v
AS CONXUNCINS
(Linking words)
Son palabras que unen das ou mis ideas. a nd (e) une das oracins ou ideas. I sailed to Greece and I flew to Australia last year. o r (ou) une das ideas desemellantes. We walk to school or we go on a bus. b ut (mais, pero) une das ideas contraditorias entre si. David likes travelling but he doesnt like flying. b ecause (porque) expresa a razn ou causa de algo. Janice doesnt go on a motorboat because she doesnt like water.
A ORDE DAS PALABRAS: OS ADXECTIVOS

(Word order: Adjectives)
Polo xeral van diante dos substantivos. warm sweater adx sb E tamn detrs do verbo to be. The sweater is warm.
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Language Builder
unit
(Page 7)
Write the Dialogue

3. Mimi J ane is isat asking an audition Angelafor about the Marty. TV programme Write the Britains dialogue Got between Talent. Write them. the dialogue between Jane
and Simon (the judge). 1. Mimi pregntalle a Angela cantos anos ten Marty. 1. Simon pregunta se Jane toca a guitarra. Mimi: Simon: di que Marty ten 14 anos. 2. Angela 2. Jane contesta que si. Angela: Jane: pregunta polo aspecto que ten Marty. 3. Mimi 3. Simon Mimi: pregunta con que frecuencia toca Jane a guitarra. A Simon: 4. ngela di que alto e atltico, e que ten o pelo castao e crecho e os ollos azuis. 4. J ane contesta que polo xeral toca tres veces semana. Angela: Jane: pregunta como Marty. 5. Mimi 5. Simon Mimi: pregunta cando toca Jane polo xeral. Simon: di que divertido, simptico e moi listo. 6. Angela 6. Jane contesta que polo xeral toca polas tardes Angela: Jane:
unit
(Page 9)
Write the Dialogue

3. Benny and Elaine are talking on the phone. Write the dialogue between them.
1. Benny pregntalle a Elaine onde est. Benny: 2. Elaine contesta que est no mercado de Londres. Elaine: 3. Benny pregunta quen est con Elaine. Benny: 4. Elaine contesta que est coa sa irm, Dora. Elaine: 5. Benny pregunta qu estn a facer Dora e Elaine. Benny: 6. Elaine contesta que estn a mercar roupa. Elaine:
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Language Builder
unit
(Page 11)
Write the Dialogue

3. Cathy is asking Mark about his grandmother. Write the dialogue between them.
1. Cathy pregunta onde naceu a avoa de Mark. Cathy: 2. Mark contesta que naceu en Australia. Mark: 3. Cathy pregunta cando casou a avoa de Mark. Cathy: 4. Mark contesta que casou en 1961. Mark: 5. Cathy pregunta qu era a avoa de Mark. Cathy: 6. Mark contesta que era escritora. Mark:
unit
(Page 13)
Write the Dialogue

3. Dave meets his friend Joe at the shopping centre. Write the dialogue between them.
1. Dave pregunta con quen estaba a falar Joe. Dave: 2. Joe contesta que estaba a falar cunha rapaza guapa. Joe: 3. Dave pregunta a onde a a rapaza. Dave: 4. Joe contesta que a traballar. Joe: 5. Dave pregunta por que ela estaba a rir. Dave: 6. Joe contesta que el estaba a contar unha historia graciosa. Joe:
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Language Builder
unit
(Page 15)
Write the Dialogue

3. Lucy and Jay are talking about the year 3000. Write the dialogue between them.
1. Lucy pregntalle a Jay se cre que haber paz no mundo. Lucy: 2. Jay contstalle que non. Jay: 3. Lucy di que est certa de que os robots prepararn as nosas comidas. Lucy: 4. Jay di que non est certo. Di que se cadra os robots fregarn os pratos. Jay: 5. Lucy pregntalle a Jay se cre que os elefantes se extinguirn. Lucy: 6. Jay contstalle que si. Jay: 7. Lucy di que probabelmente a xente ir de vacacins la. Lucy: 8. Jay di que el cre que a xente vivir na la. Jay:
unit
(Page 17)
Write the dialogue

3. Rob and Phil are discussing where to go. Write the dialogue between them.
1. Rob pregntalle a Phil que lugar quere visitar. Rob: 2. Phil contesta que quere visitar a praia. Engade que lle encanta nadar no ocano. Phil: 3. Rob di que semella agradbel. Mais non lle gusta andar pola praia. Rob: 4. Phil di que quizais o bosque sexa un lugar agradbel para visitar. Phil: 5. Rob est de acordo e di que al se est realmente tranquilo. Rob: 6. Phil di que goza ollando as rbores e as flores do bosque. Phil:
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Language Builder
unit
(Page 19)
Write the Dialogue

3. Jim and Claire are talking about dangerous activities. Write the dialogue between them.
1. Claire di que leu sobre unha rapaza interesante. Escalou o monte Everest. Engade que esa non a sa idea de divertimento. Claire: 2. Jim di que a el lle encantara facer iso. Engade que soa realmente emocionante. Jim: 3. Claire di que os seus amigos nadaron con tiburns o ano pasado. Claire: 4. Jim di que non pode crer que a xente fixera iso! Pregunta como de tola pode estar a xente. Jim: 5. Claire pregntalle a Jim se lle gustara saltar en paracadas desde un avin. Claire: 6. Jim di que demasiado arrepiante. Di que lle gustara facer sendeirismo na xungla. Jim:
unit
8
Tom:
(Page 21)
Write the Dialogue

3. Tom and Ann are talking about music. Write the dialogue between them.
1. Tom pregntalle a Ann se lle gusta esta cancin de hip-hop. 2. Ann contesta que si. Engade que cre que unha cancin estupenda. Ann: 3. Tom di que a todo o mundo lle gusta moito esta banda. Mais engade que non pode aturar o hip-hop. Tom: 4. Ann pregntalle a Tom qu tipo de msica lle gusta. Beth: 5. Tom contesta que a el lle gustan o jazz e o reggae. Tom: 6. Ann di que a ela realmente non lle gusta o jazz, mais encntalle o reggae. Beth: 7. Tom di que o reggae o tipo de msica mis relaxante. Tom:
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Language Builder
unit
(Page 23)
Write the dialogue

3. Dave is asking Jane about something that happened to her. Write the dialogue between them.
1. Dave dille a Jane que parece desgustada. Pregntalle qu pasa. Dave: 2. Jane di que ou un rudo estrao. Jane: 3. Dave pregunta onde estaba Jane. Dave: 4. Jane di que estaba no bosque. Jane: 5. Dave pregntalle a Jane por que foi al. Dave: 6. Jane contesta que foi al porque estaba a procurar o seu can. Jane:
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Check Your Progress

Translation Exercises
UNIT 1
1. Os luns non preciso calculadora para o colexio. 2. Sara estuda ciencias os martes pola ma. 3. A onde adoitas ir bailar? 4. Con que frecuencia xogas ao voleibol? 5. Cando envan mensaxes de texto os teus pais?
UNIT 4
1. Cando nos chamaron estabamos a facer cola. 2. Collemos un taxi cara ao hotel pois estaba a chover. 3. Esta noite s dez estaba a facer a maleta. 4. Estaba a mercar comida cando perdn a carteira. 5. O meu tren sau mentres eu estaba a procurar o meu billete.
UNIT 2
1. A mido vou pista de birlos cos meus amigos. 2. Nick vai a mido patinar pista de xeo. 3. Jim est a agardar na cola para mercar entradas. 4. Eve e mais Liz estn a pasar o tempo cos seus amigos. 5. Por que ests a pedir o xantar agora?
UNIT 5
1. O tempo cambiar esta noite. Haber treboada. 2. Xogaremos ao ftbol no parque hoxe se non chove. 3. Usain Bolt superar unha nova marca este vern. 4. Se o meu equipo perde o partido, estaremos moi tristes. 5. Vou ver a carreira desde a lia de meta.
UNIT 3
1. O sobrio de Lisa naceu en Escocia. 2. Namoreime de Sophie o vern pasado. 3. Non houbo comida boa na festa de Rina. 4. Cantos anos tias cando te fixeches profesor? 5. Brad Pitt e Jennifer Aniston casaron no ano 2000.
UNIT 6
1. Este telfono mbil o telfono mis caro da tenda. 2. Esta caixa pesada de mis para min. 3. Esas cores non son vivas abondo para a mia nai. 4. Este hotel mis barato que ese hotel. 5. Esta praia seica tan tranquila e agradbel como Zahara. 29
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Check Your Progress
UNIT 7
1. Uns cientficos veen de descubrir unha serpe nova. 2. Algunha vez nadaches con tiburns? 3. Anda non fun voluntario no refuxio de animais. 4. Canto tempo hai que adestras elefantes? 5. Non podo crer que tocaras unha araa.
UNIT 9
1. Non debes poer os zapatos enriba da mesa. 2. Non deberas coller as flores do parque. 3. Se varres a casa en venres, traerache mala sorte. 4. Seica ests realmente confuso. Podo axudarche? 5. A mia irm estaba asustada cando viu o teu can.
UNIT 8
1. Hai moitas bateras nesta tenda. 2. Sempre empregamos o ar acondicionado no vern. 3. Non hai moito rudo no noso colexio. 4. Este secador non meu. seu. 5. Non podo soportar a msica clsica. aborrecida de mis.
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Cadros resumo das equivalencias dos tempos verbais entre o ingls e o galego
tempos verbais presente
eu xogo ti xogas el, ela xoga ns xogamos vs xogades eles, elas xogan
tenses present simple

I play you play he, she, it plays we play you play they play
outras equivalencias
PERFRASE
eu estou a xogar / xogando ti ests a xogar / xogando el, ela est a xogar / xogando ns estamos a xogar / xogando vs estades a xogar / xogando eles, elas estn a xogar / xogando
present continuous
I am playing you are playing he, she, it is playing we are playing you are playing they are playing
Futuro: PERFRASE
FUTURE: BE GOING TO
I am going to play you are going to play he, she, it is going to play we are going to play you are going to play they are going to play
eu vou xogar ti vas xogar el, ela vai xogar ns imos xogar vs ides xogar eles, elas van xogar
futuro
eu xogarei ti xogars el, ela xogar ns xogaremos vs xogaredes eles, elas xogarn
Future: will
I will play you will play he, she, it will play we will play you will play they will play
PRETRITO IMPERFECTO
eu xogaba ti xogabas el, ela xogaba ns xogabamos vs xogabades eles, elas xogaban
past continuous
I was playing you were playing he, she, it was playing we were playing you were playing they were playing
PERFRASE
eu estaba a xogar ti estabas a xogar el, ela estaba a xogar ns estabamos a xogar vs estabades a xogar eles, elas estaban a xogar
past simple
I played you played he, she, it played we played you played they played
PRETRITO PERFECTO
eu xoguei ti xogaches el, ela xogou ns xogamos vs xogastes eles, elas xogaron
present perfect
I have played you have played he, she, it has played we have played you have played they have played
PERFRASE
eu teo xogado ti tes xogado el, ela ten xogado ns temos xogado vs tedes xogado eles, elas teen xogado
IH-007-740
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Glossary

Real English 2 Galician

Plural regular con -s

Plural regular con -es

Real English 2 Galician

O VERBO have got

Os usos do Present Simple

UNIT 1 o PRESENT SIMPLE

She does not listen She doesnt listen

Respostas curtas Afirmativa Negativa

Real English 2 Galician

UNIT 2 o PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Respostas curtas Afirmativa Negativa

CONTRASTE PRESENT SIMPLE / present cONTINUOUS

Grammar Appendix UNIT 3 o PAST SIMPLE

Os usos do Past Simple

They did not shout They didnt shout

Respostas curtas Afirmativa Negativa

Did they shout ...? Yes, they did.

THERE WAS / THERE WERE

Real English 2 Galician

Grammar Appendix UNIT 4 o PAST CONTINUOUS

Os usos do Past Continuous

CONTRASTE PAST simple / PAST CONTINUOUS

Respostas curtas Afirmativa Negativa

UNIT 5 O FUTURO CON will

Real English 2 Galician

Respostas curtas Afirmativa Negativa

Usos do futuro con will

O FUTURO CON BE GOING TO

Negativa e forma contrada

Respostas curtas Afirmativa Negativa

o PRESENT CONTINUOUS CON VALOR DE FUTURO

UNIT 6 O COMPARATIVO DOS ADXECTIVOS

Os usos do futuro con be going to

Real English 2 Galician

Grammar Appendix o SUPERLATIVO DOS ADXECTIVOS

UNIT 7 o PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Respostas curtas Afirmativa Negativa

AS ... AS / too ... / (not) ... enough

How many ...? Cantos/as...?

How much ...? Canto/a...?

Os usos do Present Perfect Simple

Grammar Appendix THERE IS / THERE ARE

Respostas curtas Afirmativa Negativa

Usos do verbo can

UNIT 9 can / cant

Real English 2 Galician

Respostas curtas Afirmativa Negativa

Respostas curtas Afirmativa Negativa

Os usos de should / shouldnt

Real English 2 Galician

will (vxase a px. 12)

Primeiro condicional (vxase a px. 13)

Os usos de must / mustnt

Condicin: If / Unless + Present Simple Resultado: futuro con will

be going to (vxase a px. 13)

Expresins temporais: later, soon, in + un ano, etc.

REPASO DOS TEMPOS VERBAIS

Present Continuous con valor de futuro (vxase a px. 14)

Present Perfect Simple (vxase a px. 15)

Present Continuous (vxase a px. 10)

Past Simple (vxase a px. 11)

Past Continuous (vxase a px. 12)

REPASA O ESCRITO >> Checking your work

ESCRIBE UN TEXTO >> Writing a paragraph