FDSHT (Ree, 247.97) Federal Bureau of Investigation Prosecutive Report of Investigation Concerning SADDAM HUSSEIN IRAQI SPECIAL TRIBUNAL Article 11 - GENOCIDE Article 12 - CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY Article 13 - WAR CRIMES Copy to: Regime Crimes Liaison OfficeFDSIB (Rev. 124.95) Repon of SADDAM HUSSEIN omce; FBIEQ Date March 10, 2005 cwe ips 1632-HQ-1462938, Nacraive of Often: BACKGROUND Introductior From 1980 to 1988, Iraq was involved in a full’scale war with its neighbor, Iran. The Irag-Iran war was’ fought on several fronts, including the Northern Region of Iraq which borders Iran. This mi region, sometimes called j su "CO eee toa, nen Kurdistan or the Autonomous | 5 Region, was home to the | Kurds.’ Two major parties represented the Kurdish { population: the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) headed by NAS’ UD AL-BARZANI, the son of MULLAH MUSTAFA cian CF BARZANI (hereinafter NULLA | ome BARZANI), and the Patriotic | Laine FS Union of Kurdistan (PUK) | 0 | awts oiee headed by JALAL TALABANI . ey, (hereinafter TALABANI). The | sain snasis satu Kurds had been seeking governmental autonomy for years. On or about approximately February 1987, the Iranian Armed1631-HQ-1462938 Forces (IAF) initiated a series of military offensives in Northern Iraq against the Iraqi government. On March 4, 1987, the IAP, with the assistance of Kurdish guerrilla fighters known as Peshmergas from both PUK and KDP, launched its most alarming offensive of the series. Code named Karbala 7, the TAF penetrated eight miles into Iraqi territory east of Rawanduz. Indeed, SADDAM HUSSEIN and his officers in the Iraqi regime regularly referred to MULLAH BARZANI, his sons, and the KDP as the "offsprings of treason," and to TALABANI and the PUK as “Iranian agents.” During Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), hundreds of Iragi documents detailing HUSSEIN and his regime's offensive and retaliatory actions against the Kurds were recovered, and relevant documents are summarized in this report. This report also relies upon Iraqi documents Kurdish Rebel Parties had seized from various Traqi government offices during the 1991 Uprising had given to the Human Rights Watch (HRW). HRW has published those documents in their reports, most notably in “Bureaucracy of Repression, the Irag Government in its Own Words,” February 1994. The charging proposal detailed in this report also relies upon relevant statements and admissions made by various high-level Iraqi government officials, including SADDAM HUSSEIN. These statements were made to United States investigators while in United States custody in Iraq. All interviews were voluntary in compliance with Geneva Conventions Irag’s Governmental Structure According to the Iraqi Constitution in effect prior to HUSSEIN assuming the Presidency in 1979, the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) was the supreme law-making body in Iraq and was Iraq's highest authoritative body and was superior to the Cabinet. RCC decrees held the full force and effect of national jaw. Prior to OIF, the RCC was comprised of the following high level Ba’ath Party officials: SADDAM HUSSEIN, Chairman; IZZAT IBRAHIM AL-DURI (hereinafter AL-DURI), Vice-Chairman; TARIQ AZIZ (hereinafter AZIZ); TAHA YASIN RAMADAN (hereinafter RAMADAN) ; ALI HASAN AL-MAJID (hereinafter AL-MAJID); TAHA MUHYI AL-DIN MARUF (hereinafter MARUF); and MIZBAN KHADR HADI (hereinafter HADI). Immediately upon his assumption of the Presidency, HUSSEIN successfully eliminated the RCC's power and consolidated