S 4 - 2011 Tp ch ca tp on du kh quc gia vit nam - petrovietnam

Petro ietnam
ISSN-0866-854X
Nng cao nng lc cnh tranh,
tng thu ngoi t cho t nc
y mnh pht trin dch v du kh:
Mt s vn v s dng
xi mng bm trm trong gia c
v kt thc cc ging khoan du kh
Mt s vn v s dng
xi mng bm trm trong gia c
v kt thc cc ging khoan du kh
Khi u mt giai on pht trin mi
Ngy 21/4/2011, ti Trung tm vn ha huyn Tin
Hi, tnh Thi Bnh, Tng cng ty Thm d Khai thc Du
kh (PVEP) t chc k nim 30 nm khai thc dng kh
cng nghip u tin ca Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam
(19/4/1981 - 19/4/2011). ng ch Nguyn Ngc Tru -
nguyn Ph Th tng Chnh ph; ng ch L Quc
Dung - Ph Ch nhim y ban Kinh t ca Quc hi; ng
ch Nguyn Hnh Phc - y vin BCH Trung ng ng, B
th Tnh y, Ch tch HND tnh Thi Bnh; ng ch inh
La Thng - y vin BCH Trung ng ng, B th ng y,
Ch tch HTV Tp on Du kh Vit Nam; ng ch
Phng nh Thc - y vin Ban Thng v ng y Khi
Doanh nghip Trung ng, Ph B th ng y, Tng
gim c Tp on Du kh Vit Nam; cng cc cn b lo
thnh ca tnh Thi Bnh v Ngnh Du kh qua cc thi k
tham d bui l
Ngy 1/2/1975, ging khoan 61 c khi cng trn
a phn x ng C, huyn Tin Hi, tnh Thi Bnh. y
l ging khoan thm d u tin ti khu vc c pht
hin va kh t nhin ti cu to Tin Hi C trong trm tch
Miocen, h tng Tin Hng chiu su 1.146 - 1.156m vi
lu lng trn 100.000 m
3
/ngy m. Sau thi gian trin
khai cng tc thm lng v xy dng cc hng mc khai
thc, ngy 19/4/1981, dng kh cng nghip u tin
c a vo bung t turbine nhit in cng sut
16MW ti Tin Hi th nghim pht in. y l khi
u quan trng cho mt giai on mi ca trong lch s
pht trin Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam, ln u tin khai thc
sn phm kh cng nghip phc v cho nn kinh t quc
dn. ng thi, s kin ny khng nh kh nng lm ch
khoa hc k thut trong lnh vc cng nghip du kh ca
tp th lao ng Ngnh Du kh trong giai on t nc
cn nhiu kh khn sau chin tranh, m ra nhng trin
DU KH - S 4/2011
3
PETROVIETNAM
K nim 30 nm khai thc dng kh cng nghip u tin (19/4/1981 - 19/4/2011):
Ci ni ca Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam
Ngy 19/4/1981, dng
kh cng nghip u tin
c a vo khai thc
ti Tin Hi (Thi Bnh)
nh du mt mc
son quan trng trong
lch s tm kim thm d
khai thc du kh, m ra
nhng trin vng to ln
i vi Ngnh Du kh
Vit Nam trn hnh
trnh tm kim ngun ti
nguyn lm giu cho T
quc.
Thm cn b, k s ti ging khoan Tin Hi C, Th tng Chnh ph Phm Vn ng nhn mnh: "Trong
nim vui vinh d, cng ln lao trng trch ca ngh i tm m, lm giu cho T quc". nh: T liu
DU KH - S 4/2011
4
vng to ln trn hnh trnh tm kim, thm d, khai thc
ngun ti nguyn lm giu cho t nc, to tin
vng chc cho s pht trin ca ngnh cng nghip du
kh trong tng lai...
Sau ging khoan 61, mt lot ging khoan c thc
hin trong nhng nm tip theo v nhng nm gn y
nhm tip tc tm kim thm d v khai thc du kh
trong trm tch Miocen. Kt qu pht hin tng cng
13 va kh vi tng tr lng ti ch khong 1,3 t m
3
kh.
Tng sn lng kh khai thc v cung cp ca m kh Tin
Hi C t nm 1981 n nay t khong 850 triu m
3
kh.
Trong , giai on 1981 - 1991 ch yu phc v sn xut
in, p ng nhu cu hot ng ca cc doanh nghip
ti khu cng nghip huyn Tin Hi, s dng nhin liu
kh sn xut ra hng triu sn phm cht lng cao,
ng gp quan trng vo vic chuyn dch c cu, pht
trin kinh t, x hi tnh Thi Bnh.
TS. Vn Khnh - B th ng y, Ch tch HTV
Tng cng ty PVEP cho bit, k tha nhng thnh qu to
ln ca cc th h i trc, PVEP v Cng ty Du kh Sng
Hng - n v trc tip trin khai cc hot ng thm d
khai thc ti a bn, v ang tch cc p dng nhiu
gii php k thut nhm duy tr sn lng khai thc kh
ti Tin Hi. ng thi, tip tc tm kim thm d, nh
gi tr lng ti cc cu to tim nng Min vng H
Ni v cc khu vc thuc B trm tch sng Hng trin
khai cc d n pht trin, nhm p ng nhu cu kh t
ca tnh Thi Bnh v cc tnh ng bng Bc b v lu
di. Cc cu to du kh mi c pht hin ngoi khi
khu vc tnh Thi Bnh nh: Hc Long, a Long ti L
103&107; Hm Rng ti L 102 & 106 l nhng c hi y
trin vng pht trin khai thc nhm gia tng ngun
nhin liu, phc v pht trin sn xut cng nghip khu
vc Bc B trong thi gian ti.
S kin khai thc dng kh cng nghip u tin ti
Thi Bnh lun l mc lch s v vang v ng t ho ca
nhng ngi lm Du kh Vit Nam, mang ngha ht
sc to ln, nh du thnh qu u tin ca Ngnh
trong cng tc khai thc du kh trn t lin. Tip ni
nhng thnh qu ny, cc th h lnh o, cn b k
thut, cng nhn lao ng Ngnh Du kh khng
TIU IM
Tp on Du kh Vit Nam trao tng Biu trng k nim 30 nm khai thc dng kh u tin ti m kh Tin Hi C cho cc CBCNV
c nhng ng gp to ln trong ngy u vn hnh m kh Tin Hi C - Thi Bnh. nh: L Khoa
ngng rn luyn, phn u trin khai thnh cng cc
d n tm kim thm d khai thc du kh, gia tng tr
lng, nng cao h s thu hi sn phm, gp phn m
bo an ninh nng lng Quc gia v s pht trin bn
vng ca ton Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam - TS. Vn
Khnh nhn mnh.
Trng trch ca ngi i tm la
Pht biu ti bui l, TSKH. Phng nh Thc - Tng
gim c Tp on Du kh Vit Nam nhn mnh: Sau 50
nm xy dng v pht trin, n nay, Tp on Du kh
Vit Nam tr thnh tp on kinh t mnh, ng gp
tch cc, hiu qu vo s pht trin ca t nc. T mt
nc khng c du kh, Vit Nam khai thc c du
kh vi mc son khai thc dng kh cng nghip u tin
(nm 1981), khai thc dng du u tin (nm 1986). Vi
vic a NMLD Dung Qut vo hot ng, Vit Nam
xy dng c mt nn cng nghip du kh hon
chnh, t tm kim thm d, n khai thc, ch bin du
kh, bin ngun ti nguyn thnh sn phm phc v cho
nn kinh t quc dn. Hin nay, Tp on xy dng
i ng cn b mnh vi trn 40.000 CBCNV sc tin
hnh cc hot ng du kh c trong v ngoi nc.
Vi s ng gp cc sn phm thit yu, Tp on Du
kh Vit Nam tr thnh mt trong nhng cng c iu
tit kinh t v m ca Chnh ph; tham gia cng tc bo
v ch quyn quc gia trn bin, ng gp tch cc vo
cng tc an sinh x hi. Trong giai on hin nay, bn
cnh vic tm kim thm d du kh cc l truyn
thng, Tp on tip tc y mnh vic tm kim thm
d du kh nc ngoi v ti cc l xa hn trong nc.
Bn cnh , Tp on trin khai xy dng h thng
ng ng dn kh Nam Cn Sn 2, L B - Mn; xy
dng Nh my Lc du s 2 & 3, T hp Ha du min
Nam, cc d n nhin liu sinh hc; xy dng cc nh
my nhit in kh, nhit in than
Mt s kin ghi du n quan trng l vic a
dng kh cng nghip u tin vo khai thc ngy
19/4/1981. y l mt m kh khng ln nhng vo thi
im kh khn y, vic khai thc ngun kh phc v sn
xut mang ngha x hi to ln, gp phn thc y s
DU KH - S 4/2011
5
PETROVIETNAM
TSKH. Phng nh Thc - Tng gim c Tp on Du kh Vit Nam pht biu ti bui l. nh: Vn Khoa
DU KH - S 4/2011
6
TIU IM
pht trin ca Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam. L ngi trc tip
tham gia s kin ny, Tng gim c Tp on Du kh
Vit Nam TSKH. Phng nh Thc cho rng: y l cng
trnh u tay ca nhng cn b tr, li nhiu k nim,
nhiu bi hc quan trng trong sut qu trnh cng tc
trong Ngnh Du kh. l bi hc v s nng ng, sng
to, ch t lc t cng, s quyt tm tm ra sn phm
t yu cu, t cht lng v cung cp n nh. Bi hc
v cng tc o to, s khng c cng trnh nu khng
c nhng cn b c o to chuyn ngnh. y l bi
hc m khi trin khai Chin lc tng tc pht trin, Tp
on Du kh Vit Nam xc nh nng cao cht lng
ngun nhn lc l mt trong ba gii php t ph. Trn
c s , khi ng cc chng trnh o to bi bn,
chuyn su trong v ngoi nc, k c o to chuyn
gia, o to c bn ban u, o to ti ch. Bi hc th
ba, cng trnh d nh nhng m bo tiu chun ca
cng nghip kh, m bo tnh cht khoa hc, ra c
nhng sn phm p ng yu cu ht sc kht khe ca
cng nghip kh, thit k trn c s an ton, khoa hc,
nhng tiu chun v du kh c m bo
Nhn dp ny, B th Tnh y tnh Thi Bnh Nguyn
Hnh Phc v Tng gim c Tp on Du kh Vit Nam
TSKH. Phng nh Thc tng hoa v trao tng Biu
trng k nim 30 nm khai thc dng kh u tin ti
m kh Tin Hi C cho cc cn b, cng nhn vin c
nhng ng gp to ln trong ngy u vn hnh m kh
Tin Hi C - Thi Bnh. Cng ti bui l, Tng cng ty
Thm d Khai thc Du kh trao hc bng cho 30 hc
sinh gii c hon cnh kh khn ti huyn Tin Hi, tnh
Thi Bnh.
Trong nhng nm gn y, sn lng kh t khai
thc ca cc ging khoan ti khu vc Tin Hi st
gim mnh, khng p ng nhu cu kh t cho
Khu cng nghip Tin Hi. p ng nhu cu kh
t nhm pht trin khu cng nghip Tin Hi, Thi
Bnh cng nh cng nghip du kh khu vc Bc
b, Tng cng ty Thm d Khai thc Du kh
(PVEP) v Cng ty du kh Sng Hng v ang
tch cc trin khai cc hot ng thm d tm kim,
nh gi tr lng cc cu to tim nng min
vng H Ni v cc khu vc thuc b trm tch
sng Hng. Hin Tp on Du kh Vit Nam
giao cho Tng cng ty Kh Vit Nam (PV GAS) trin
khai lp D n u t xy dng h thng thu gom
v phn phi kh m Hm Rng v Thi Bnh, L
102 & 106 vi mc tiu: nghin cu kh thi D n
ng ng vn chuyn kh t m Hm Rng, Thi
Bnh v b v ti Trung tm phn phi kh; nghin
cu kh thi H thng phn phi kh thp p cho cc
Khu cng nghip tnh Thi Bnh c tnh n phng
n cp sm bng LPG. c bit, trong giai on
ny, Tp on cng u tin xy dng tuyn ng
ng dn kh t m Hm Rng, Thi Bnh vo b,
to xng sng cho ngnh cng nghip khai thc
sn xut kh ti Trung tm kh Thi Bnh v cc vng
ph cn H Ni, Hi Phng. Theo Quy hoch tng
th pht trin ngnh cng nghip kh Vit Nam giai
on n nm 2015, nh hng n nm 2025
c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt, th trng
tiu th kh ha lng trong nc s t 1,7 - 2,1 t
m
3
vo nm 2015; Thi Bnh v vng bin ngoi
khi Thi Bnh s tr thnh mt trong nhng khu
vc quan trng ca Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam trong
vic pht trin cng nghip kh ca ton min Bc.
Vit H
Cng tc khoan thm d ti min vng H Ni. nh: CTV
DU KH - S 4/2011
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PETROVIETNAM
Trin khai quyt lit cng tc tm kim, thm d, khai
thc du kh
Trc xu th gim sn lng mt s m trong nc,
t u nm 2011, Tp on Du kh Vit Nam trin khai
quyt lit, ng b cng tc tm kim thm d, khai thc
du kh, do duy tr v vt mc k hoch khai thc
ra. Tng sn lng khai thc quy du t 6,02 triu
tn, bng 104,5% k hoch Qu I/2011 v 26% k hoch
nm 2011, tng 1,6% so vi cng k nm 2010, trong :
sn lng khai thc du th t 3,68 triu tn, bng
102,7% k hoch Qu I/2011 v 24,6% k hoch nm
2011, tng 2,5% so vi cng k nm 2010. Sn lng khai
thc kh t 2,33 t m
3
, bng 107,5% k hoch Qu I/2011
v 28,5% k hoch nm 2011, tng 0,2% so vi cng k
nm 2010. Tp on k 2 hp ng du kh mi
trong nc gm: hp ng PSC l 05-2/10 vi t hp nh
thu Talisman/PVEP v hp ng PSC l 148-149 vi
PVEP; khoan thm d thm lng 7 ging vi tng s
29.572m khoan. Sn lng xut bn du th t 3,65 triu
tn (trong : xut khu l 1,96 triu tn, cung cp cho
Nh my Lc du Dung Qut l 1,56 triu tn, bn 131
nghn tn du th khai thc nc ngoi); cung cp 2,31
t m
3
kh kh cho cc h tiu th trong nc, bng 116%
k hoch Qu I/2011 v 29% k hoch nm 2011, tng
0,5% so vi cng k nm 2010.
Petrovietnam t doanh thu 151,2
nghn t ng, tng 59,4% so vi
cng k nm 2010
Ngy 6/4/2011, Tp on Du
kh Vit Nam t chc cuc hp bo
trc tuyn ti 3 im cu H Ni,
Dung Qut, Tp. H Ch Minh cng b
kt qu sn xut kinh doanh Qu
I/2011. Petrovietnam tip tc khng
nh vai tr ca Tp on kinh t
hng u ca t nc, cng c
iu tit kinh t v m ca Chnh
ph vi tng doanh thu Qu I/2011
t 151,2 nghn t ng, bng
30,2% k hoch c nm, tng
59,4% so vi cng k nm 2010;
np ngn sch Nh nc t 36,5
nghn t ng, chim 30% tng thu
ngn sch c nc
QU I/2011:
Lnh o Tp on Du kh Vit Nam tr li cu hi ca cc nh bo ti bui Hp bo cng
b kt qu sn xut kinh doanh Qu I/2011. nh: Ngc Linh
DU KH - S 4/2011
8
Cng trong Qu I/2011, Tp on cung cp cho li
in quc gia 3,76 t KWh, bng 115,1% k hoch Qu
I/2011 v 30,6% k hoch c nm 2011, tng 24,7% so vi
cng k nm 2010. Tp on hon thnh u t v a
vo vn hnh thng mi t my s 1 t ngy 22/2/2011
(GT11 - vt tin 8 ngy) v t my s 2 t ngy
7/3/2011 (GT12 - vt tin 22 ngy) ca Nh my in
Nhn Trch 2, b sung cho li in Quc gia trn 275
triu kWh trong Qu I/2011. Sn xut 218,4 nghn tn
phn urea, t 107,1% k hoch Qu I/2011 v 30% k
hoch nm 2011; trin khai bn hng h tr gi m Ph
M (DPM) ti cc tnh min Trung B v Nam Trung B
nhm h tr nng dn khc phc hu qu sau l v sm
phc hi sn xut v ng Xun Sn phm sn xut t
Nh my Lc du Dung Qut t 1,37 triu tn, sn phm
xng du t Nh my Condensate Ph M t 119,2
nghn tn; tng sn phm ch bin du kh ton Tp on
Qu I t 1,42 triu tn, tng 43,4% so vi cng k nm
2010. Doanh thu dch v du kh Qu I t 45 nghn t
ng, bng 107% k hoch Qu I, 25% k hoch c nm
(183 nghn t ng) v tng 24% so vi cng k nm 2010
(Qu I/2010 t 36,2 nghn t ng), chim 30% tng
doanh thu ton Tp on.
Bn cnh , hot ng khoa hc cng ngh v o
to c trin khai tch cc, cng tc an ninh, an ton
du kh, an ton mi trng, an ton lao ng, phng
chng chy n trn cc cng trnh du kh c gim st
cht ch v thc hin nghim tc. Tp on giao cho
Vin Du kh Vit Nam (VPI) 40 ti/nhim v khoa hc
cng ngh; t chc nghim thu xong v c bin bn
nghim thu 3 ti/nhim v thuc lnh vc An ton
sc kho mi trng, 1 ti/nhim v thuc lnh vc
tm kim thm d khai thc du kh. Cng tc an sinh x
hi c trin khai tch cc, vi tng s tin thc hin
Qu I t trn 48 t ng, bng 8% so vi k hoch c
nm (600 t ng).
T u nm 2011 n ht thng 3/2011, Tp on
khi cng 8 d n, khnh thnh 14 d n/cng trnh;
r sot nh hon 19 d n vi gi tr trn 582 t ng,
gin tin 45 d n u t cha thc s cp bch, kh
khn trong thu xp vn vi tng gi tr xem xt gin tin
gn 6.000 t ng; tng gi tr nh hon, gin tin
cc d n l gn 6.600 t ng. Tuy nhin, theo ng
ch inh La Thng - y vin BCH Trung ng ng, B th
ng y, Ch tch HTV Tp on Du kh Vit Nam: i
vi cc d n trng im trong nm 2011 nh cc d n
in thuc Tng s in VI c Chnh ph ph
duyt m bo b sung ngun in cho h thng,
cc d n thuc ngnh ngh sn xut kinh doanh chnh
l thm d khai thc, ch bin du kh, Tp on Du kh
Vit Nam ang quyt lit trin khai, s tp trung mi
ngun lc, hon thnh ng tin sm a cc d
n ny vo hot ng.
Phn u khai thc vt mc 5,68 triu tn quy du
trong Qu II/2011
Trong Qu II/2011, Tp on phn u hon thnh
vt mc k hoch khai thc 5,68 triu tn quy du
(trong 3,51 triu tn du th, 2,17 t m
3
kh). Cng
trong Qu ny, Tp on t k hoch sn xut 148 nghn
tn urea, 3,85 t Kwh in, 1,56 triu tn xng du cc
loi; xut bn 3,5 triu tn du th, trong cp cho Nh
my Lc du Dung Qut 1,56 triu tn, cung cp 2,02 t
m
3
kh kh cho cc h tiu th trong nc. Trn c s d
kin gi du trung bnh t 100USD/thng, Tp on
phn u hon thnh v hon thnh vt mc k hoch
doanh thu 152,12 nghn t ng (trong , doanh thu
ngoi t t 2,62 triu USD), np ngn sch Nh nc
TIU IM
DU KH - S 4/2011
9
PETROVIETNAM
phn u t 37,12 nghn t ng, li nhun trc thu
t 23,5 nghn t ng.
Trn c s , Tp on trin khai quyt lit cc gii
php trng tm, tp trung ch o thc hin thng li
Chng trnh hnh ng ca Tp on s 196/CTr-DKVN
ngy 10/1/2011 thc hin Ngh quyt s 02/NQ - CP v s
1893/CTr-DKVN ngy 8/3/2011 thc hin Ngh quyt s
11/NQ-CP ngy 24/2/2011 ca Chnh ph; trin khai thc
hin Chng trnh hnh ng ca ng y Tp on thc
hin quyt lit Ngh quyt i hi ng ton quc ln th
XI v Ngh quyt i hi ng b Tp on Du kh Quc
gia Vit Nam ln th I. ng thi, Tp on tp trung ch
o trin khai thc hin kt lun ca BCH ng b Tp
on v y mnh thc hin Ngh quyt 233/NQ-U ca
ng y Tp on nhm nng cao hn na nng lc cnh
tranh ca cc n v cung cp dch v trong Ngnh
tip tc pht huy ni lc, tng cng v u tin s dng
dch v/hng ho trong Ngnh, trong nc phc v cc
hot ng du kh; y mnh thc hin cc Ngh quyt
chuyn v tng cng v u tin u t to bc t
ph trong lnh vc tm kim thm d khai thc du kh, v
y mnh u t trong lnh vc ch bin du kh.
ng thi, Tp on tip tc n c, phi hp vi
cc nh thu du kh trin khai cng tc tm kim thm d
v khai thc du kh theo k hoch ra; khai thc hiu
qu tu a chn 2D; t chc m phn v k cc Hp
ng du kh mi (l 45; l 13/03 v l 102 & 106/10) khi
c Chnh ph ph duyt. Tp on phn u a hai
m du mi l Chim So v Dana l SK305 (Malaysia) vo
khai thc t thng 7/2011; gim st cht ch hot ng
khai thc ca cc Nh thu du kh, m bo an ton,
tun th ng s cng ngh v k hoch sn lng
khai thc c ph duyt. Vn hnh an ton Nh my
Lc du Dung Qut, cc h thng vn chuyn kh, Nh
my m Ph M, cc Nh my in C Mau 1 & 2, in
Nhn Trch 1 & 2. n c vic chun b cho t bo
dng ln Nh my Lc du Dung Qut t 15/7/2011.
Hp tc cht ch vi Tp on in lc Vit Nam (EVN)
trong vic phi hp gia vn hnh, huy ng v bo
dng cc nh my in vi vic vn hnh v bo dng
cc ng ng dn kh, bo m cung cp in cho li
in Quc gia theo ng k hoch ra.
Mt trong nhng nhim v trng tm trong Qu
II/2011 l tip tc y mnh p dng cc gii php khoa
hc cng ngh, o to, gim st cht ch hot ng du
kh, m bo an ton, bo v ti nguyn mi trng sinh
thi; tip tc cng tc ti cu trc, sp xp li cc n v;
tip tc r sot dng, gin tin cc d n u t cha
thc s cp bch, kh khn trong thu xp vn. Tp on
s y mnh hn na cc phong tro thi ua, pht huy
sng kin, ci tin k thut i i vi thc hnh tit kim,
chng tham nhng lng ph; m bo thu nhp cho
CBCNV trong tt c cc n v thnh vin, t chc thc
hin tt cng tc an sinh x hi.
Cc n v t mc tng trng cao so vi cng k nm 2010
- 3 n v t mc doanh thu vt trn 120% k hoch:
Vietsovpetro, PVEP, PV GAS;
- 15 n v c tc tng trng doanh thu trn 20% so vi
cng k nm 2010: Vietsovpetro, PVEP, PV GAS, PV Power, PETEC,
PV Drilling, PTSC, DMC, PVI, PV EIC, PVFCCo, PVE, VPI, PVMTC, PV
Security;
- 4 n v t mc li nhun trc thu vt trn 120% k
hoch: Vietsovpetro, PVEP, PV Power, DMC;
- 6 n v c mc np ngn sch Nh nc trn 120% k
hoch: Vietsovpetro, PVEP, PVC, PETROSETCO, PVE, PVMTC.
Ngc Linh
DU KH - S 4/2011
10
Cc d n hp tc gia Petrovietnam v PDVSA trong
chui cc gi tr du kh, t tm kim thm d n ch
bin, thng mi, ng tu v vn chuyn du kh l cc
d n ln, quan trng, c ngha c bit trong chin
lc m rng hp tc u t vi cc i tc nc ngoi.
Trong s cc d n , d n hp tc lin doanh khai thc
v nng cp du nng ti L Junin 2 (Venezuela) l mt d
n c tng vn u t v quy m rt ln, c ngha u
tu nh hng pht trin cc d n hp tc gia hai nc
trong lnh vc du kh, kinh t ni ring, cng nh trong
quan h hp tc gia hai nc ni chung. Cc d n hp
tc ni trn trong thi gian qua c Petrovietnam v
PDVSA tch cc trin khai di s quan tm v h tr c
bit t Lnh o cp cao hai Nh nc.
Trong thi gian Caracas, Ch tch HTV Tp on
Du kh Vit Nam c cc bui lm vic vi ng Rafael
Ramrez Carreo - Ph Tng thng Venezuela, Ph Ch
tch ng XHCN Thng nht Venezuela (ng cm
quyn), B trng Nng lng v Du kh Venezuela kim
Ch tch PDVSA v cc Ph Ch tch PDVSA ph trch cc
d n khu u v cc d n khu sau. Trong cc bui lm
vic, hai Bn kim im li tnh hnh trin khai hp tc
trong bn lnh vc chnh gm: Cng ty Lin doanh
Petromacareo, D n nghin cu tng th chung vng
lng h Maracaibo, D n m rng v nng cp Nh my
Lc du Dung Qut, cng cc vn thng mi v cung
cp du th v cc sn phm du, vn ti v ng tu.
ng thi, cc bn tho lun v thng nht cc bin
php cn thit thc y cc d n trin khai ng tin
, c bit m bo c sn lng khai thc cng nghip
t Lin doanh Petromacareo ti L Junin 2 vo Qu
IV/2012 vi sn lng tng dn theo cc nm v t c
TIU IM
t L Junin 2 vo Qu IV/2012
Phn u
c dng
du khai
thc cng
nghip
u tin
c s ng ca Th tng Chnh ph, t ngy 11 - 16/4/2011, ng ch inh La Thng - y vin BCH Trung
ng ng, B th ng y, Ch tch HTV Tp on Du kh Vit Nam dn u on cng tc ca Tp on lm
vic vi cc B, Ngnh lin quan ca Venezuela, Cng ty Du kh Quc gia Venezuela (PDVSA) nhm thc y vic
trin khai tng th cc d n hp tc, c bit m bo ng k hoch cc bn t ra l c dng du khai thc cng
nghip u tin t L Junin 2 vo Qu IV/2012.
Ch tch HTV Tp on Du kh Vit Nam inh La Thng lm vic vi Ph
Tng thng Venezuela Rafael Ramrez Carreo. nh: PVN
sn lng nh 10 triu tn vo nm 2016. m bo
c mc tiu , hai bn thng nht mt lot cc gii
php thc hin, k c chng trnh cng tc v ngn sch
hot ng cho nm 2011 - 2012, bao gm cc chng
trnh thm lng, pht trin, lp t cc h thng thit b
khai thc, xy dng ng ng vn chuyn du, cc
phng n cung cp cc loi hnh dch v du kh m cc
bn c th mnh cho Lin doanh.
Ti bui lm vic, Ph Tng thng Venezuela Rafael
Ramrez Carreo by t hi lng v s hp tc cht ch v
hiu qu ca Petrovietnam trong tt c cc d n du kh
m hai bn ang trin khai. ng thi, Ph Tng thng
Venezuela cng nhn mnh d n hp tc Lin doanh
Junin 2 c coi l tt nht, l hnh mu tiu biu trong s
cc Lin doanh PDVSA v ang trin khai vi cc i
tc nc ngoi (hin PDVSA ang trin khai mt lot cc
lin doanh tng t vi cc nc Nga, Belarus, Trung
Quc, , n , Ty Ban Nha, Malaysia...). D n Lin
doanh vi Vit Nam s l d n u tin cho sn lng
khai thc du kh cng nghip trong s cc d n cng k,
ng th hai l d n ca .
Ph Tng thng Venezuela khng nh tip tc dnh
s ng h ti a cho vic trin khai d n, k c gim
thiu cc th tc hnh chnh, n gin ha cc quy trnh,
m bo c dng du cng nghip vo Qu IV/2012,
thm ch pha Venezuela cn quyt tm y mnh tin
t c dng du u tin sm hn mc nu trn, dnh
s u tin s mt cho d n xng ng l hnh mu
cho cc lin doanh khc hc tp, ng thi ng h
ngh ca Petrovietnam cho php cc cng ty dch v du
kh ca Petrovietnam tham gia cc loi hnh dch v cho
d n (hot ng khoan, thit k, xy dng, cung ng v
xy lp cc cng trnh phc v cho vic khai thc, k c
ng ng dn du, bo him...). Theo Ph Tng thng
Rafael Ramrez Carreo, vic trin khai thnh cng v
nhanh chng cc d n hp tc trong lnh vc du kh,
khng ch c ngha kinh t thng mi thun ty, m s
ng vai tr u tu, nh hng trong vic thc y tng
th cc mi quan h hp tc v kinh t ni ring cng nh
quan h truyn thng gia hai nc Vit Nam - Venezuela
ni chung, ng thi by t Venezuela sn sng l ngun
d tr chin lc cung cp du th v cc sn phm du
kh lu di cho Vit Nam.
Kt thc t cng tc, Petrovietnam v PDVSA k
Bin bn lm vic, Tha thun m rng khu vc nghin
cu chung vng lng h Maracaibo, Tha thun h tr k
thut v mua sm, cung cp thit b v vt t cho Cng ty
Lin doanh Petromacareo. Cng trong thi gian lm vic
ti Venezuela, Ch tch HTV Petrovietnam c chuyn
th st thc a kim tra v n c cc hot ng du
kh ti hin trng.
DU KH - S 4/2011
11
PETROVIETNAM
Ngc Trung
Hp ng thnh lp v qun l Cng ty Lin doanh PetroMacareo L Junin 2 - Venezuela c k ngy 29/6/2010. nh: CTV
DU KH - S 4/2011
12
T
i Hi ngh tng kt 2 nm thc hin Ngh quyt
233/NQ-U v pht huy ni lc, tng cng v
u tin s dng cc dch v ca cc n v thnh
vin trong Tp on ngy 2/4/2011 ti Vng Tu, Ph
Tng gim c Tp on Du kh Vit Nam V Quang
Nam cho bit, sau 2 nm thc hin Ngh quyt 233, kt
qu t c trong lnh vc dch v du kh ca Tp on
c bc t ph quan trng, pht trin c nhiu sn
phm dch v mi, lun t c mc tng trng cao
qua cc nm. Nm 2009, doanh thu dch v t 96,37
nghn t ng, bng 128% k hoch nm, tng 58% so vi
nm 2008, chim 34% tng doanh thu ton Tp on.
Nm 2010, doanh thu dch v t 152,5 nghn t ng,
bng 135% k hoch, tng 58% so vi cng k nm 2009,
chim 32% tng doanh thu ton Tp on. Vic m rng
dch v du kh ra nc ngoi c tch cc trin khai, uy
tn v thng hiu ca cc n v lm dch v ngy cng
c khng nh.
n nay, hu ht cc n v dch v ca Tp on u
c nng lc v kh nng cnh tranh thc hin c
100% yu cu dch v theo mc tiu trng tm ca tng
n v. in hnh l: Vietsovpetro (dch v vn hnh cc
gin khai thc du kh, khoan tm kim thm d v khai
thc du kh, xy lp cc cng trnh bin, dch v khoa hc
cng ngh...), PTSC (dch v xy lp cc cng trnh bin,
tu thuyn, kho/bi); PV Drilling (khoan v dch v
khoan); PVC (xy lp cc cng trnh du kh trn b, trn
bin, cc cng trnh dn dng du kh); PV GAS (vn
chuyn kh bng ng ng, cung ng kh dn dng,
LPG, CNG); PVTrans (vn chuyn du th, sn phm du,
kh, ha cht); PV OIL (dch v thng mi, xut nhp
khu du th v xng du, cung ng cc sn phm du),
PVI (cung cp dch v bo him); PVFC (cung cp dch v
ti chnh); PV EIC (cung cp dch v kim nh nng lng,
dch v O&M) v cc n v khc: DMC, VPI, PVMTC...
Bn cnh vic pht trin cc dch v truyn thng,
giai on 2009 - 2010, Tp on pht trin nhiu sn
phm dch v mi thuc cc lnh vc chuyn ngnh ch
yu nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca cc n v dch
v trong Tp on, thc hin ch trng ca B Chnh tr:
tng thu ngoi t cho t nc
Doanh thu t dch v
ca Tp on Du kh
Quc gia Vit Nam tng
trng mnh, nng lc v
cht lng dch v c
nng cao, kh nng
cnh tranh v thc hin
c cc d n phc tp,
c bit vic gim t
trng thu dch v t nc
ngoi, gp phn cng
Chnh ph cn i ngun
ngoi t xut - nhp khu,
gim nhp siu...
y mnh pht trin dch v du kh:
Nng cao nng lc cnh tranh,
TIU IM
Thi cng xy lp Nh my sn xut nhin liu sinh hc pha Bc. nh: CTV Thi cng xy lp Nh my sn xut nhin liu sinh hc pha Bc. nh: CTV
Ngi Vit Nam u tin dng hng Vit Nam. in hnh
l cc dch v: thc hin tng thu (EPC) cc cng trnh
du kh, ng mi gin khoan, ng mi v sa cha
phng tin ni, dch v kho st a chn 2D, dch v
bo dng v vn hnh cc cng trnh du kh, dch v
gim nh, kim nh nng lng, dch v bc ng, ch
to v cung cp cc b tng c sn, dch v vn ti sn
phm du, dch v cung cp CNG, cung cp xng E5...
Bn cnh , do hot ng dch v pht trin mnh
v ng b, Tp on tp trung u t cc c s vt
cht k thut, thit b hin i, ch ng hn trong vic
thc hin tin cc d n u t. c bit, vic u t
v a tu a chn 2D vo hot ng v t t chc
kho st trn thm lc a Vit Nam (trc y cng
vic ny phi thu cc tu dch v nc ngoi) to
ch ng cho Tp on trong vic thc hin cc nhim
v v gp phn bo v ch quyn quc gia trn bin. S
phi hp, h tr cng pht trin gia cc n v trong
Tp on thng qua vic tng cng s dng dch v
v thc hin dch v gia cc n v c chuyn bin
tch cc, tnh chuyn nghip trong cng tc dch v du
kh c nng cao. Tuy nhin, nhng nm qua Tp on
ch chim 47% th trng dch v khoan, 37% th trng
vn chuyn du th xut khu, trong khi y l th
trng dch v k thut quan trng ca Ngnh Du kh.
Gp phn cn i ngoi t xut - nhp khu
Cng thng qua vic trin khai Ngh quyt 233, nng
lc v cht lng dch v c nng cao, kh nng
cnh tranh v thc hin c cc d n phc tp, i hi
cng ngh cao trc y phi thu nh thu nc ngoi
thc hin. Trnh , nng lc ca i ng cn b lm dch
v c nng cao, kh nng vn hnh, lm tng thu
c cc cng trnh i hi trnh chuyn mn cao m
trc y phi thu nh thu v chuyn gia nc ngoi
thc hin: gin khai thc du kh, gin khoan t nng,
FSO, FPSO, nh my m, nh my nhit in kh, cc
cng trnh kh, i tu dch v, h thng kho, cn c dch
v...; thc hin cc dch v bc ng, ng gin khoan,
ng tu, dch v ti chnh, bo him, kim nh nng
lng, thng tin, khoa hc cng ngh cao, o to,
thng mi...
S pht trin vt bc ca cc n v dch v trong
Tp on trong hai nm qua c tc ng quan trng
vo vic gim chi ph thu dch v t nc ngoi, hn ch
ngun ngoi t chy ngc ra nc ngoi, gp phn
cng Chnh ph cn i ngun ngoi t xut - nhp khu,
gim nhp siu. C th, nm 2008, gi tr dch v phi
thu nc ngoi thc hin 170,7 nghn t ng (tng
ng 9,5 t USD) chim t trng thu dch v nc
ngoi l 76,9% tng nhu cu thu dch v ton ngnh;
nm 2009 gi tr dch v phi thu nc ngoi thc hin
l 139,2 nghn t ng (tng ng 7,33 t USD) gim
2,17 t USD so vi nm 2008, chim t trng thu dch v
nc ngoi l 68% tng nhu cu thu dch v ton
Ngnh; n 2010, gi tr dch v phi thu nc ngoi
DU KH - S 4/2011
13
DU KH - S 4/2011
14
thc hin l 55,79 nghn t ng (tng ng 2,86 t
USD) gim 4,47 t USD so vi nm 2009, chim t trng
32,8% tng nhu cu thu dch v ton ngnh (gim 35,2%
so vi nm 2009).
Bn cnh , mt s n v trong Ngnh tch cc
trin khai cng tc xut khu dch v du kh ra nc
ngoi nh: Tng cng ty CP Bo him Du kh Vit Nam
(PVI) k Hp ng t vn bo him cho Rusvietpetro ti
Lin bang Nga, k tha thun hp tc trong lnh vc bo
him vi Cng ty Bo him Sogaz (do Gazprom s hu c
phn chi phi); Tng cng ty CP Xy lp Du kh Vit Nam
(PVC) k Tha thun hp tc vi Cng ty Xy lp
Zarubezhneft Stroimantaz v Tng cng ty CP Dch v K
thut Du kh Vit Nam (PTSC) k hp ng cung cp loi
hnh tu PSV DP2 cho Talisman Malaysia Limited vi tng
gi tr hp ng hn 35 triu USD, Petrosetco t doanh
thu dch v ra nc ngoi nm 2009 v 2010 l 55 triu
USD. Nh y mnh dch v trong Ngnh, Tp on
tit kim 2,67 t USD ngoi t trong nm 2009 v tit
kim 6,2 t USD ngoi t trong nm 2010.
Pht trin dch v du kh ra nc ngoi
Trong giai on ti, yu cu v mc phc tp v tnh
chuyn nghip trong dch v k thut du kh ngy cng
cao; iu kin tm kim thm d khai thc du kh ngy
cng kh khn, phc tp t ra nhng thch thc mi cho
dch v k thut du kh, i hi phi p dng cng ngh
cao, hin i, cht lng dch v phi t chun quc t.
y s l mt thch thc khng nh trong vic cnh tranh
cung ng dch v. Song chnh iu ny cng to cho cc
doanh nghip trong Ngnh c hi hi nhp kinh t quc
t, xy dng mi trng sn xut kinh doanh chun ha
theo tiu chun quc t. iu ny s gip nng cao nng
lc sn xut v dch v theo hng chuyn nghip hn,
cht lng dch v c ci thin hn. Vi trch nhim l
u tu kinh t ca t nc, trong nm 2011 v cc nm
tip theo, Tp on pht huy sc mnh tng hp ca c h
thng chnh tr ton Ngnh tip tc y mnh t chc
thc hin Ngh quyt 233; phn u tng trng dch v
du kh nm 2011 t cao hn so vi nm 2010 v n nm
2015, doanh thu dch v t t 30 - 35% tng doanh thu
ton Tp on, t trng gi tr s dng dch v trong ni b
Tp on chim 50% tng nhu cu thu dch v ton Tp
on. ng thi, Tp on tp trung u t, quy hoch c
s vt cht, thit b chuyn dng, con ngi nng cao
cht lng, nng lc dch v v kh nng cnh tranh ca
n v; gn kt cht ch gia cc n v trong vic cng to
ra h thng sn phm, dch v chung; tip tc y mnh
pht trin dch v du kh ra nc ngoi, trc mt l tp
trung thc hin dch v cho cc d n ca Tp on v cc
n v thnh vin ca Tp on u t nc ngoi.
ng ch inh La Thng - y vin BCH Trung ng
ng, B th ng y, Ch tch HTV Tp on Du kh
Vit Nam khng nh: hiu qu mang li v tnh ng
n ca Ngh quyt 233 c chng minh, song
mi l kt qu bc u, cha phn nh ht kh nng v
nng lc hin c ca Tp on. Petrovietnam quyt tm
y mnh pht trin dch v du kh ra nc ngoi, trc
mt l tp trung thc hin dch v cho cc d n ca Tp
on u t nc ngoi. t c mc tiu ny,
Petrovietnam a ra nhiu gii php, nh yu cu cc
doanh nghip dch v ti c cu li cc ngun lc theo
hng tp trung chuyn su vo cc ngnh ngh chnh,
bo m khng c s chng cho, quy hoch li khai
thc hiu qu ti a c s vt cht ca tng n v; cc
n v dch v phi phi hp vi nhau tng cng
nng lc, thc hin trn gi nhng yu cu dch v; tng
n v dch v phi u t cu trc li sn phm, dch v,
thit b v cng ngh dch v, ci tin phng php qun
l, nng cao cht lng dch v, ng thi ch ng
tm kim, thc hin cc dch v ph hp vi nng lc ca
n v.
Trng tm sp ti ca Tp on l y mnh pht
trin dch v k thut nh: cho thu tu dch v, pht trin
i tu vn ti chuyn ngnh du kh pht trin dch v
vn hnh khai thc cc gin khoan va nng cao nng
lc cnh tranh, va tng thu ngoi t cho t nc. Ch
tnh ring 3 thng u nm 2011, doanh thu t dch v
du kh ca Tp on t 45 nghn t ng. Trong nm
2011 ny, Tp on quyt tm khc phc kh khn, y
mnh sn xut kinh doanh, m bo mc tiu tng
trng trn 20% so vi nm trc, phn u t 200
nghn t ng doanh thu t dch v du kh - ng ch
inh La Thng nhn mnh.
DU KH - S 4/2011
15
Vit H
Doanh thu ca cc loi hnh dch v du kh giai on 2009 - 2010
DU KH - S 4/2011
16
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH
NHNG C IM CHNH V A KIN TO CA
CC B TRM TCH THM LC A VIT NAM
V BIN NG
PGS. TSKH. Hong nh Tin
Tm tt
Bi bo nu c im a kin to bin ng v mi quan h vi s hnh
thnh pht trin cc b trm tch thm lc a Vit Nam.
Bin ng l mt vng v lc a b hy hoi, bo mn. T khi xut hin
d thng nhit - chm nm nhit Manti (36 - 15,5 tr. n) xy ra tch gin y
bin ng phn trung tm ni v mng nht (10 - 12km) theo hng ng
Ty. Ch cch y 26 - 15,5 tr. n do s thc tri rt mnh ca khi ng Dng
xung pha ng Nam ui Ty Nam ca trc tch gin (chu ng lc trc
tip) i hng t ng - Ty sang ng Bc - Ty Nam to nn i ht chm
Broneo - Palawan v b Sarawak.
Cc b trm tch thm lc a Vit Nam v ln cn hnh thnh dc theo cc
h thng t gy su trn cc a ho v bn a ho dng tuyn tnh ven
ra lc a t cui Eocen, nhng mnh nht l t cch y 43 tr. n - 15.5 tr. n
(tch gin - cng gin l chnh). T cch y 36 tr. n - 15,5 tr. n cc b ny cn
b chi phi bi tch gin y bin ng, s thc tri xung ng Nam v xoay
phi ca khi ng Dng. Sau giai on tch gin l nng ln bo mn
Miocen trung - mun. Tip theo vo Pliocen - t cc b ny lin thng pht
trin trn ton khu vc v li ri vo giai on st bc - do lnh ngui, co ngt
dn n ti tch gin mnh. V cc l do trn cc b trm tch hnh thnh v
pht trin theo c ch ko tch c dng khc nhau ty v tr ca mi b.
DU KH - S 4/2011
17
PETROVIETNAM
Cc b trm tch thm lc a
Vit Nam v bin ng c mi quan
h nhn qu. Phn ln cc b trm
tch chim v tr ven ra bin ng.
C mt s b trm tch nm xa bin
ng nhng li nm ra lc a
ng Dng nh M Lai - Th Chu,
Ph Quc
Cc b trm tch nm ra lc a
ng Dng v ven ra bin ng
ca Vit Nam bao gm cc b: Sng
Hng, Ph Khnh, Cu Long, Nam
Cn Sn. Mt s b nm su hn
trong bin ng nhng li ven ra
ca trc tch gin bin ng l: T
Chnh Vng My, nhm b Trng Sa,
Hong Sa (Hnh 1).
lm r qu trnh a kin to v
s hnh thnh v pht trin ca cc b
trm tch cn tm hiu c im a kin
to bin ng v cc b trm tch ny.
1. c im a kin to bin ng
C th ni bin ng l mt vng
v lc a b hy hoi v bo mn.
Nhng trung tm bin ng li tn
ti lp v mang c im ca kiu v
i dng.
+ Thnh phn vt cht ch yu l
ca magma xm nhp v ca phun
tro dacit, andesit, basalt tholeit v
basalt kim, l ra lp basalt khi, c
mt t mnh ophiolite v turbidite rt
ph bin bin ng, c bit phn
trung tm ca n. Ch ven ra bin
ng, ni tim cn vi cc ra lc a
mi pht trin cc b trm tch trn
cc a ho, bn a ho dc theo cc
h thng t gy su.
+ Khi nghin cu basalt bin
ng Flower 1971 pht hin cc
c im, tnh cht v thnh phn ca
n mang tnh cht ca chm nm
nhit t manti dng ln. Hn na
Wanatahe v nnk 1977 nghin cu
cc d thng a t v c y
bin ng pht hin d thng nhit
c tui hot ng cch y 36 - 14
tr.n (tn d ca d thng nhit t
chm nm nhit manti cn c ghi
nhn hin nay i qua khi ng
Dng v bin ng) (Hnh 2).
Theo nhiu nh nghin cu
kin to khu vc ng Nam th
nguyn nhn c d thng nhit
ny l do s chui hc mnh m ca
mng n c vo pha Nam i lc
u v Ty Thi Bnh Dng vo
ra ng Nam ca mng ny. Do
ma st mnh gia 3 mng, c bit
gia mng n c vi mng u
m trn b mt i Beniof pht
nhit. T nhit cn c gii
thot to nn hot ng ni la
cc cung o Sumatra, Java,
Philippines Cn su trong lc a
cc d thng nhit ny hnh thnh
Hnh 1. S phn b cc b trm tch Cenozoic thm lc a
Vit Nam trong phng kin tp khu vc ng Nam
B trm tch
1. Sng Hng
2. Ph Khnh
3.Cu Long
4. Nam Cn Sn
5. M Lai - Th Chu
6. Ph Quc
7. T Chnh - Vng My
8. Nhm b Trng Sa
9. Hong Sa
dung dch magma tng th tch do kh v cht lng t
gy nn dng i lu ca lp manti thng i ln
trong vng lc a ng Dng cng nh ni v mng
nht v t gy su trung tm bin ng (Hnh 3 v 4).
Nh vy, nguyn nhn ca s xut hin v pht trin
trc tch gin y bin ng l do s vn ng i lu ca
dung dch magma lp manti thng to nn chm nm
nhit manti dng ln v phun tro trung tm bin ng.
+ Theo cc d thng a t c pht hin bi
Ben Avraham v Uyeda 1973 th trc tch gin trung tm
bin ng xut hin t khi c d thng a t s 13 tc
l cch y 36 tr.n. theo hng ng - Ty (Hnh 5).
Sau khi cc d thng mi xut hin th cc d thng
c b y v hai pha Bc v Nam vn gi nguyn hng
ng - Ty ti d thng s 8.
Ch khi xut hin d thng s 7 cch y 26 tr.n. v
cc d thng tip theo ti s 5, phn pha ng vn duy
tr hng ng Ty - ni khng chu ng lc ca s thc
tri khi ng Dng xung pha ng Nam. Cn ui
mi pha Ty Nam ca trc tch gin do chu ng lc trc
tip ca s thc tri khi ng Dng nn thay i
hng trc t ng Ty sang ng Bc - Ty Nam v lc
u ch lch i 8 - 10
0
(d thng s 7) t cui Oligocen
sm ti u Oligocen mun. Sau xut hin d thng
6b tc l cch y 24 tr.n (gn cui Oligocen mun) ui
Ty Nam trc tch gin chuyn dch ti 38
0
v n u
Miocen sm (khong 20,5 tr. n) xut hin d thng a t
5e th phn ui Ty Nam trc tch gin dch trt ti
40
0
, pht trin v pha Ty Nam v gi nguyn hng
ng Bc - Ty Nam ny cho ti khi ngng ngh hot ng
tc l sau d thng 5 (cch y 15,5 tr. n. - cui Miocen
sm - u Miocen gia) (Hnh 6).
Cng chnh giai on thay i ui Ty Nam ca trc
tch gin to tin cho s hnh thnh v pht trin i ht
chm Borneo - Palawan (cng c tui 26 - 16 tr. n. (Proteau
v nnk 1996) l tin cho s pht trin b trm tch ln
Sarawak v nhm b Trng Sa (Proteau v nnk 1996
pht hin cc adakites thuc nhm vi - kim v cc
mnh v Ophiolite o Mindoro, min Trung v Nam
ca o Palawan t v kiu i dng c l cc minh chng
cho s sinh thnh v pht trin ca i ht chm ny).
iu c bit l trung tm bin ng trong thi
gian cn i (Pliocen + t) vn cn c cc hot ng
ni la dc trc hay ven cn trc do tip tc gii phng
nng lng (Hnh 7).
2. c im hnh thnh v pht trin cc b trm tch
thm lc a Vit Nam
2.1. c im trm tch
Cc b trm tch phn ln c lp y bi cc trm
tch Eocen gia mun, Oligocen, Miocen, Pliocen v t.
Trong cc thnh h trm tch ny pht trin mnh nht
vo cc giai on Oligocen + Miocen sm v Pliocen -
t (Bng 1).
DU KH - S 4/2011
18
c im chung l cc trm tch Eocen gia -
mun phn ln l ht th: cui, si, xen k cc
Molass mu nu , nu ti mang c im lc
a t vng nng lng cao (gn ni ph hy).
Cc lp st cng a mu cha nhiu mnh vn
ni la c thnh phn basalt t lc a a ti cc
h nc ngt, ng bng ngp nc Ti y
pht trin cc thm thc vt trong c thc vt
bc cao.
+ Cc thnh h trm tch Oligocen c bit
Oligocen sm phn ln vn mang c im lc a
ht th, song c tng cng thnh phn ht mn v
c b dy c tng cng v cng v cui cng
xen k nhiu pha tng bin.
Trong cc lp c s ca thnh h Oligocen trn
pht hin nhiu lp Bazalt b Cu Long v mt s
b khc.
Cui Oligocen mun - Miocen sm trong lt
ct trm tch thng c cc lp phun tro, tro ni
la hay cc bom v vt liu ni la xen k. B dy
trm tch tng ln ng k v phn b trn din
rng. C l giai on Oligocen - Miocen sm lin
quan v chu nh hng ca trc tch gin bin
ng (36,0 - 15,5 tr. n) gy nn nt tch theo chiu
ng - Ty, Bc - Nam, c bit hng ng Bc - Ty
Nam khi bin i ui Ty Nam ca n (26 - 15,5 tr. n).
+ Sau thi k tch gin m rng l thi k nn
p nng ln, b bo mn, ct gt din ra vo Miocen
trung - mun, c bit vo thi im cui Miocen
trung pha Nam v cui Miocen mun pha Bc.
Nhng thi k ny cng nh u bng s
thm nhp ca nc bin su, rng theo cc knh,
rch, cc eo bin gia cc khi nh, i nng. V vy
trm tch lc nguyn c hnh thnh tc l lc a
xen k cc pha bin nhiu khu vc. Trong cc trm
tch ny thng c nhiu ct ven bin, lng sng c
xen vi cc lp st vi, vi, cc m tiu san h v
st Montmo. y cng l thi k nng chung ca
ton vng ng Nam .
+ Sau thi k Pliocen t li l thi k st vng
mnh, hot ha tch gin v pht trin thm lc a
lin thng ton khu vc ng Nam . cc bin
ven ra lc a ng thi cng l ra bin ng pht
trin mnh cc trm tch bin nng v bin su. V
vy trm tch a phn c mu tro sng, cc lp st
Montmo xen cc lp cacbonat v cc rn san h,
cc phn v a tng ca cc b trm tch c th
hin Bng 2.
DU KH - S 4/2011
19
PETROVIETNAM
Bng 1. Tc tch ly trm tch (m/tr. n) - tc ln nht ca cc trng su
DU KH - S 4/2011
20
2.2. H thng t gy
Cc h thng t gy phn ln
pht trin dc theo ra lc a - ven
bin ng. T , hnh thnh cc
a ho, bn a ho c lp y
cc trm tch lc a - chuyn tip -
bin nng v bin su c th l:
+ B sng Hng: pht trin
mnh h t gy sng Hng (Ty
Bc - ng Nam). C l do s thc
tri xung ng Nam ca khi
ng Dng v xoay phi nn
pha Ty b xut hin nhiu t
gy chch v hng Ty Ty Bc -
ng ng Nam.
+ B Ma Lai Th Chu: b
ny cng quan st thy h thng
t gy chnh l ba cha (three Pagodas) cng c hng
Ty Bc - ng Nam. Tuy nhin cn pht trin h thng
t gy v tuyn do s tch gin dn dn ca bn o
M Lai - Nam Thi Lan ra khi ng Dng. C hai h
thng nu trn to nn cu trc bc thang v m rng
dn v pha Nam.
+ B Ph Khnh: y rt c trng h thng t gy
kinh tuyn 109
0
dc khi ng Dng, c bit pha Ty
b. Cn pha ng pht hin mt s t gy v tuyn
phn ct b ra nhiu khi xp vi nhau dng cnh g c
l do s dch trt v cng gin Bc Nam (Hnh 8).
+ B Cu Long: pht trin ch yu h thng t gy
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH
Bng 2. Cc phn v a tng ca cc b trm tch thm lc a Vit Nam (theo Bt 2000, 2003, 2005 v nnk 2010)
Hnh 2. D thng nhit ca mantil thng vng ng Nam
(theo tuyn 18 v Bc)
Data base: Zang & Tani Moto (1991)
ng Bc - Ty Nam phn ln din tch ng Bc b c
l do nh hng ca trc tch gin bin ng. Ngoi ra
cn pht hin h thng t gy v tuyn v v tuyn
pha Nam v Ty Nam b, c l do nh hng ca h
thng t gy v tuyn Maeping - Hu Giang tr hn.
+ B Nam Cn Sn: trong phm vi b Nam Cn Sn
cng pht hin hai h thng t gy chnh l ng
Bc - Ty Nam v kinh tuyn Bc Nam. H thng t gy
chnh ng Bc - Ty Nam hnh thnh c l do nh hng
ca phn Ty Nam ca trc tch gin bin ng. Cn h
thng t gy kinh tuyn pha Ty hnh thnh do s dch
trt xung pha Nam ca i nng Cn Sn khi b p v
y mang tnh dy truyn t khi ng Dng xung
qua b Cu Long v i nng Cn Sn dc theo i t
gy 109 (Hnh 9). Cng c th trong giai on Oligocen
mun - Miocen sm (26 - 16 tr. n.) pha Nam b Nam Cn
Sn cn b li cun v pha ng v ng Nam ca i
ht chm Borneo - Palawan lm tng cng h thng t
gy ng Bc - Ty Nam.
+ B T Chnh - Vng My v nhm b Trng Sa: trong
cc b ny ch yu pht hin h thng t gy ng Bc -
Ty Nam do chu trc tip ca qu trnh tch gin phn
ui Ty Nam ca trc tch gin bin ng v s li cun
ca i ht chm
Borneo - Palawan.
+ Ngoi cc h
thng t gy chnh
mi b, cn pht hin
mt s t gy c
hng khc, c khi
vung gc hay xin
cho c l l cc t
gy sinh km. Chng
c pht sinh khi xy
ra s dch trt cc
khi khc nhau dc h
thng t gy chnh
x rch cc khi hai
bn t gy ny.
Cc t gy xin
cho sinh km xut
hin khi c s dch
trt ca cc khi theo
t gy chnh. V vy,
cc t gy sinh km
thng c hng mt
trt ngc vi chiu dch chuyn, pht trin trn din
rng c khi xuyn sut c khi (Hnh 10).
Cc t gy sinh km v st ln do tng ti trng ca
trm tch cc trng su. Trong trng hp ny, t gy
thng ngn, khng lin tc, c mt trt hng v pha
trng su, cn ng phng vung gc vi hng mt
trt (Hnh 11).
2.3. Tng cu trc
Trong tt c cc b trm tch ch tn ti 2 tng cu
trc, di v trn :
+ Tng cu trc di thng bao gm cc magma,
bin cht quaczit, gonai, granitogonai, st phin, rhyolite,
thm ch c vi tui Devon (Paleozoi) ng Bc v
kt tinh ra na Ty Nam b Sng Hng, phun tro
acit (Mz), phun tro basalt, basalt kim, trachyt, dacit,
andezit v porphir
+ Tng cu trc trn bao gm cc thnh h trm tch
lp y b. Song do c cc pha hot ng kin to tch
gin, nn p, dch trt ngang dn n bin dch trt
ng v ngang khc nhau, thay i mc nc bin dn
n bt chnh hp gc, gin on trm tch, thi gian
DU KH - S 4/2011
21
PETROVIETNAM
a khi Kontum
a khi Vit Bc - Hoa Nam
Hng chuyn ng ca mng
t gy
Trench, trough
Trc tch gin bin ng
Kaledo nite (Kal)
Meizozoide (Mz) (hercinit)
Kainozoide (Kz)
Hnh 3. Kin to v a ng lc ca ng Dng v ng Nam
(Hong nh Tin, 1999)
Ch dn
hot ng ca t gy khc nhau, s
khc nhau v thnh phn thch
hc T cc nguyn nhn trn c
th phn ra cc ph tng cu trc
khc nhau ty vo cng hot
ng kin to ca mi b:
- B Cu Long: b ny ch pht
hin 2 ph tng cu trc di v trn:
+ Ph tng cu trc di bao
gm cc thnh h trm tch lc a,
m h, ca sng v vng vnh c
tui Eocen (tp F), trm tch Oligocen
di (tp E) t tng SH - 10 tr xung.
Trong ph tng cu trc di cc lp
phn b xin cho, c khi ph chng
gi ln nhau, nhiu ni hn n, thay
i b dy nhanh.
+ Phn ln cc t gy ch hot
ng trong giai on ny, tc l
ngng ngh vo cui Oligocen sm
(di SH - 10). V th a chn kh theo
di cc lp trn phm vi khu vc, ch
theo di dc trong phm vi hp ca cu to (i khi
cn gi l i khng phn d) c cc lp b bo mn, ct gt
v g k vo cc khi nh c (Hnh 12).
+ Ch ven ra, c bit ng Bc b cng nh Ty
Nam c mt s t gy ti hot ng hoc do tng cng
ti trng ca cc lp trn cc trng su nn xut hin
cc t gy ngn, bin nh thng vung gc hay ct
cho h thng t gy chnh.
+ Ph tng cu trc trn bao gm cc thnh h trm
tch Oligocen trn tp D v C. Trm tch Miocen (B
1
, B
2
, B
3
)
v Pliocen + t (tp A). Cc lp trm tch mang c
imlp y v ph ln nhau song song cc trng su,
cn cc khi nh hay ven ra mang c im g k, vt
nhn. Trm tch thch hc c tch ly trong mi trng
chuyn tip dn ti bin nng C l ph tng cu trc
trn lin quan ti giai on n nh, thng trm lin tc
nhng ln chm l c bn do lp v c c kt.
- cc b nh Sng Hng, Ph Khnh, Nam Cn Sn:
trong tng cu trc trn pht hin nhiu bt chnh hp
gc, thay i tng trm tch lin tc, nhiu giai on hot
ng v ngng ngh ca nhiu t gy khc nhau vo cc
thi k cui Eocen, (b Sng Hng) cui Oligocen mun,
Miocen sm, cui Miocen gia v c bit cui Miocen
mun. V vy c th chia ra 5 ph tng cu trc cc b
Sng Hng (E
3
2
, E
3
, N
1
1
, N
1
2+3
v N
2
+ Q) v 4 ph tng cu
trc cc b cn li (E
2
+ E
3
, N
1
1
, N
1
2+3
v N
2
+ Q).
- cc b M Lai - Th Chu, T Chnh - Vng My: cc
hot ng t gy xy ra mnh vo cui Oligocen mun,
cui Miocen sm v hot ng nh vo cui Miocen
trung, song li mnh m vo cui Miocen mun. V vy,
cng c 4 ph tng cu trc (E
2
+ E
3
, N
1
1
, N
1
2+3
v N
2
+ Q).
- Trong cc b ni bin ng: theo di thy cc h
thng t gy hot ng mnh ch yu vo giai on
cui Oligocen, trong giai on Neogen (cui Miocen
sm, cui Miocen mun thm ch rt mnh vo giai on
Pliocen & t). Bng chng l cc hot ng magma
DU KH - S 4/2011
22
Hnh 4. S phn b b dy v tri t lnh th Vit Nam v ng Nam (theo s
liu trng lc v tinh v a chn su ca Bi Cng Qu v Nguyn Th Tip1999, Nguyn
Nh Trung v Nguyn Th Thu Hng nm 2004, c b sung v sa cha ca Hong nh
Tin, 2009)
phun tro vn din ra vo giai on cn i ny (Hnh 7).
V vy, cng c 4 ph tng cu trc (E
2
+ E
3
, N
1
1
, N
1
2+3
v
N
2
+ Q).
2.4. c im cu kin to
Trong cc b trm tch (cu trc bc I) thng pht
hin cc i nng, cc trng su (cu trc bc II), thm ch
cc cu to (cu trc bc III) pht trin dc theo cc h
thng t gy su c dng tuyn tnh.
- B Sng Hng l mt b trm tch tuyn tnh pht
trin dc theo h thng t gy Sng Hng, b kp gia
di ni Ty Bc
Vit Nam v nn bng
Vit Bc - Hoa Nam (cn gi l b
ra ng Bc khi ng Dng), c ba i
nng chnh:
+ i a ly ng Bc bao gm: Ch Linh - Yn T -
Tri Tn.
+ i a ly Trung Tm bao gm: ng Sn -
Nng (thm Nng).
+ ai a ly ra Ty Nam bao gm: a ly Sng Hng
(thm Thanh Ngh) - Hi Yn - i Bng, a ly Bch Tr -
Sn Ca - Hong Anh - Kim Tc.
Ty Bc cn c i nng a phng Tin Hi,
Kin Xng.
Cc trng su bao gm: trng Tin Lng ng
Bc, trng Thy Nguyn - L Thy - Tam K - Chu Lai -
Sng Hn v Thu Bn (ph b Hu - Nng, a ho
Qung Ngi). Trng ra Ty Bc bao gm: ng Quan,
Phng Ngi; Ty Nam gm: Kin Giang, Bng Sn
(Phan Vn Qunh v Hong Hu Hip, 2007).
Cc n v cu trc (bc II v III) c bit cc cu
to dng c hnh thnh vo cc thi k trc
Kainozoi, cui Eocen, mt s c hnh thnh vo
cui Oligocen, cui Miocen sm, c bit mnh vo
cui Miocen mun (cnh Ty Bc).
Cc n v cu trc nu trn c pht trin v
m rng v pha Ty Nam theo dng ko tch un
cong.
- B Ph Khnh l mt b trm tch tuyn tnh
pht trin dc h t gy ra - thuc ra ng khi
ng Dng v bin ng. Cc i nng pha Ty v
trng pha Ty lun pht trin dc theo ven bin trn
h thng t gy 109 hng kinh tuyn (Hnh 8) (bao
DU KH - S 4/2011
23
Hnh 5. Cc d thng t trung tm bin ng.
13:36 tr.n, 11:32 tr.n, 10:30 tr.n, 8:28 tr.n, 7:26 tr.n,
6b:24 tr.n, 6a:20,5 tr.n,5d:18 tr.n,5a:15,5 tr.n
DU KH - S 4/2011
24
gm thm Nng, thm Phan Rang v trng Trung tm).
Cn cc trng v cc i nng xen k pha ng lun c
hng ng - Ty, vung gc vi cc cu trc pha Ty
mang c im cnh g. pha Nam b cn tn ti vi
trng su, nh v cu to ny li c hng Ty Bc - ng
Nam chu s khng ch ca i phn chia Tuy Ha.
- Cc cu trc bc II v III, c bit cc cu to dng
c hnh thnh trc Kainozoi, ti hot ng vo cui
Oligocen, mt phn cui Miocen sm v ti hon thin
vo cui Miocen mun.
- B Cu Long l b trm tch dng oval khng i
xng (cn gi l b gia ni) pht trin dc theo h t
gy ng Bc - Ty Nam. Cc cu trc bc II v III phn ln
c hng ng Bc - Ty Nam:
+ Cc trng chnh: ng, Ty v Bc Bch H. Ngoi ra
cn c cc n nghing Ty Bc, ng Nam cng c
hng ny.
+ Cc i nng bao gm: i nng trung tm, i
nng ng Nai (hay cn gi l i nng hay i phn d
ng Bc). Cc cu trc y u c hng pht trin
ng Bc - Ty Nam.
+ i nng Tam o (hay cn gi l i phn d Ty
Nam) pht trin dc theo h thng t gy v tuyn
(Maeping - Hu Giang).
+ Ngoi ra cn cc trng nh a phng nh: nh
An v Vnh Chu Ty Nam b cng c pht trin theo
hng v tuyn v b khng ch bi h thng t gy
Maeping - Hu Giang.
+ Bn cnh cc trng su v sn nghing Ty Bc
cn pht trin a ly Ty Bc Tr Tn cng c hng ng
Bc - Ty Nam.
+ Cc cu trc nu trn c bit l cu to nng c
hnh thnh trc Kainozoi, sau k tha v hon thin
vo cui Oligocen sm, tip c b sung vo u
Miocen sm v ven ra ng Bc vo cui Miocen
mun.
Cc cu trc bc II v III pht trin v m rng v pha
ng Nam theo dng ko tch un cong.
+ B Nam Cn Sn l b trm tch dng tam gic
thuc ven ra khi ng Dng. Cc trng su v i
nng pht trin theo h thng t gy ng Bc - Ty
Nam nh trng Mng Cu, a ly Ty Bc, ra nng cnh
ng (pha Bc t i nng ng Sn), ng thi, ui
Ty Nam ca trc tch gin Bin ng lun khng ch s
tch gin theo hng ng Bc - Ty Nam.
Na pha Nam li c cc cu trc chnh phn b theo
hng ng Ty nh i nng Mng Cu, Nng Da,
trng Trung tm.
Pha Ty Nam li pht hin cc i nng hay bn a
ho pht trin dc theo cc t gy Sng Hu, ng Nai
hng Bc - Nam. C l do x y, dch trt xung pha
Nam ca i nng Cn Sn (Hnh 9).
Ngoi ra cn c s tch gin li ko ca i ht chm
Broneo - Palawan (tui hot ng ca n l 26 - 16 tr. n. v
trc). Khi hot ng, n lun li cun xung pha ng
Nam lm cho phn Nam b Nam Cn Sn lun gin ra v
hng ny.
Cc cu trc trn c bit cc cu to nng c hnh
thnh trc Kainozoi, mt s c hnh thnh vo cui
Oligocen mun, c ci thin vo cui Miocen sm v
hon thin vo cui Miocen mun.
Tng hp cc ng lc nu trn m phn Nam b Nam
Cn Sn lun c m rng v pht trin v pha ng
Nam v ng theo kiu ko tch m rng ca cc n v
cu trc y.
+ B M Lai Th Chu l b dng tuyn tnh pht trin
theo h t gy Ba Cha (cn gi l b gia ni hay ven
ra Ty Nam khi ng Dng). Cc cu trc chnh bao
gm cc i nng, trng su, n nghing u c hng
Ty Bc - ng Nam to nn cc cu trc bc II v III phn
b theo kiu ko tch bc thang (Hnh 13).
Cc cu trc, c bit cc cu to nng c hnh
thnh trc Kainozoi, mt s c hnh thnh vo cui
Oligocen mun, b sung vo cui Miocen sm v hon
thin vo cui Miocen mun.
- B T Chnh Vng My l b trm tch cng gin Nam
bin ng.
+ Cc trng su c pht hin nh: trng Vng My,
trng Phc Nguyn. Thc cht trng Phc Nguyn l
nhnh Ty Bc ca trng Vng My. Trng Vng My ln
nht chim phn ln din tch b. Ngoi ra, cn c trng
Phc Tn ko di v pha ng Bc.
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH
+ Cc i nng bao gm: T Chnh, ng Sn, Phc
Nguyn - Phc Tn, nng Vng My, nng Lt. Cc n
v cu trc, c bit cc cu to nng c hnh thnh vo
trc Kainozoi, mt s c hnh thnh vo cui
Oligocen v c hon thin vo cui Miocen mun. Cc
cu trc chnh ny u pht trin dc theo h thng t
gy ng Bc - Ty Nam do nh hng tch gin ca
phn Ty Nam trc tch gin y bin ng v s li ko
ca i ht chm Broneo - Palawan theo c ch ko tch
m rng v pha ng Nam.
- Nhm b Trng Sa v Hong Sa cng l b cng
gin v pha Nam v Ty Bc bin ng. Cc b ny cng
c qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin xung Ty Nam ca
phn ui Ty Nam trc tch gin y bin ng v c
phn li ko i ht chm Borneo - Palawan nn cc cu
trc lun c hng ng Bc - Ty Nam c lp y cc
trm tch Oligocen, Miocen v Pliocen t. Trong thnh
phn lun c nhiu vt liu ni la.
Cc cu trc, c bit cc cu to nng c hnh
thnh trc Kainozoi, mt s c hnh
thnh vo cui Oligocen mun v hon thin
vo cui Miocen mun.
2.5. Tm tt lch s hnh thnh v pht trin
Ni chung cc b trm tch thm lc a
Vit Nam, c bit l cc b ven ra khi
ng Dng c sinh ra v pht trin c
lin quan cht ch ti s va chm ca mng
n (Indostan) vo pha Nam i lc u - .
C th tm tt nh sau:
+ Cn c vo cc d thng a t cng
nh tnh ton ca Molnar v Francheteau
(1975) n Dng th mng n
(Indostan) tch ra khi i lc Gondvana vo
cui Creta sm (K
1
) v tri trt trn n
Dng, c bit tri mnh vo cui Creta
mun (K
2
) v u Paleocen sm (E
1
1
) vi tc
18cm/nm. Vo thi gian t Paleocen
mun (E
2
1
) ti Eocen sm (E
1
2
) do tin st ti
i lc u - nn gim tc tri trt ch
cn 10 cm/nm. Vo cui Eocen sm, u
Eocen gia (cch y 50 tr. n.E
1
2
) mng n
tip xc trc tip ra Nam ca i lc u nn
tc tri trt ch cn 8 cm/nm. Ch vo
gn cui Oligocen gia (E
2
2
cch y 43 triu
nm) cho ti nay tc tri trt ca n c duy tr l
5,4 cm/nm.
+ Cng trong giai on ny (43 tr. n. n nay) do va
chm mnh gia hai mng n vo u din ra ti
hot ng v xut hin hng lot cc t gy su ct ti
v do cng gin nh h t gy Sng Hng, Kinh tuyn
109, Sagaing, Ranong - in Bin (ultaradit) v Ba Cha
(three pagodas). T hnh thnh v pht trin cc a
ho, bn a ho dc theo cc h thng t gy su ny.
+ Chnh do s tri trt mnh ca mng n m t
cch y 43 tr. n v tip tc v sau, thc y s dch
chuyn ngang v vn xoay ca nhiu khi ng Nam
v ng .
V d: Khi Vit Bc - Hoa Nam dch trt sang pha
ng v ng ng Nam. Cc khi Min - n, Shan - Thi
(Ailao - Shan) va dch trt xung pha Nam v ng
Nam. ng thi do s hc mnh ca khi n v mng
DU KH - S 4/2011
25
PETROVIETNAM
Cui N
1
1
-
u N21 ;
15,5 tr.n
Hnh 6. Qu trnh tin ha trc tch gin Bin ng (Hong nh Tin phc hi
2008 theo d thng a t ca Ben-Avraham v Uyeda 1973)
Cui E
3
2
u E
1
3
36 tr.n
Gia E
1
3
32 tr.n
u E
2
3
29 tr.n
Gn u E
2
3
28 tr.n
Gia E
2
3
26 tr.n
Cui E
2
3
24 tr.n
Cui E
1
3
30 tr.n
u N
1
1
20,5 tr.n
Gia N
1
1
19 tr.n
Gia N
1
1
18 tr.n
Gn cui N
1
1
17 tr.n
M
.

t
r
.
M
.

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r
.
M
.

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r
.
M
.

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r
.
M
a
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i
l
a

t
r
e
n
c
h
M
a
n
i
l
a

t
r
e
n
c
h
M
a
n
i
l
a

t
r
e
n
c
h
M
a
n
i
l
a

t
r
e
n
c
h
M
a
n
i
l
a

t
r
e
n
c
h
M
a
n
i
l
a

t
r
e
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c
h
M
a
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i
l
a

t
r
e
n
c
h
M
a
n
i
l
a

t
r
e
n
c
h
DU KH - S 4/2011
26
n - c ln pha Bc m phn Nam khi Min - n, Shan -
Thi cn b cun ht v pha Ty v Ty Bc mc d tn ti
trc tch gin Andaman.
+ Khi ng Dng b thc tri xung ng Nam v
xoay phi theo chiu kim ng h do s cun ht ny.
Chnh s vn ng ny ca khi ng Dng to thun
li hnh thnh v pht trin cc b trm tch va b cng
gin, np p gy st ln v nng cao li b dch trt
ngang v vn xoay (strike - slip) theo h thng t gy
chnh l tin hnh thnh cc a ho, bn a ho
pht trin v m rng theo c ch ko tch (pull - apart)
khc nhau ty tng v tr kin to ca mi b (Hnh13).
+ Bn cnh cc h thng t gy chnh cn pht hin
hng lot cc t gy i khi vung gc hay xin cho,
l cc t gy sinh km (b x ra) do dch trt cc khi dc
theo h t gy chnh v do tng ti trng cc trng su:
+ C th cc b nh sau :
T cc phn tch nu trn, c th khi qut lch s
hnh thnh v pht trin cc b trm tch lc a Vit Nam
theo cc giai on sau:
+ Trc 65 tr. n. (trc Kainozoi) (Pretertiar).
+ 65 - 50 tr. n. (PalEocen cui Eocen sm (E
1
- E
1
2
)).
+ 50 - 43 tr. n. (u Eocen gia cui Eocen gia
(E
2
2
)).
+ 43 - 36 tr. n. (gn cui Eocen gia cui Eocen
mun (E
2
2-3
)).
+ 36 - 15,5 tr. n. (Oligocen -
Miocen sm - E
3
- N
1
1
).
+ 15,5 - 5,24 tr. n. (Miocen trung -
mun N
2-3
1
).
+ 5,24 - nay tr. n. (Pliocen + t
N
2
+ Q).
Sau y phn tch tng giai on:
+ Giai on trc Kainozoi (> 65
triu nm). L giai on pht trin
mng bao gm vi tui Devon
ng Bc v kt tinh mt ra Ty
Nam b Sng Hng, vi v lc
nguyn tui Pecmi v Mezozoi b
Ph Quc, min Ty Nam B
quarzit, b M Lai - Th Chu cc
magma xm nhp trung tnh v acid,
phun tro, bin cht, st phin xanh xm, amphibolite,
rhyolite cc b cn li tui Mezozoi.
+ Giai on Paleocen - Eocen sm (65 - 50 triu nm).
Theo nhiu chuyn gia th y l giai on pht trin bn
bnh nguyn khng nhng thm lc a Vit Nam m c
thm ng Nam (ng Vn Bt v nnk). c im ch
yu ca giai on ny l ph hy v v san bng kin to.
cc trng thng c tch ly khi tng, cui, sn, si
to thnh Conglomerate v mt t mnh v c mang
c im lc a hon ton. Tuy vy trm tch t v khng
ph bin, ch tp trung cc a ho hp, nh cc trng
su nht gn b v tng c s.
+ Giai on u Eocen gia - gn cui Eocen gia (50 -
43 triu nm). y l giai on bt u tch gin hay cng
gin (rifting - extension) sau c va chm u tin ca mng
n vo ra Nam ca i lc u - . Do s dn nn to
nn s chuyn dch ca cc khi v pht trin su hn cc
h thng t gy c trc nh Sng Hng, Kinh tuyn
109, Sagaing, Ranng - in Bin (ultaradit) v Ba Cha
(three Pagodas). Dc theo cc h thng t gy ny bt
u hnh thnh cc a ho v cc a ho hp tuyn tnh.
+ Trong giai on ny bn o M Lai - Nam Thi Lan
bt u tch ra khi khi ng Dng. cc b trm tch
khc cng bt u tch gin. Vt liu trm tch ch yu
vn mang tnh lc a ht th nhiu cui, sn, si v mt
t st lc a nu , mu . Kh phn bit vi cc trm
tch pha trn.
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH
Hnh 7. Mt ct Seas-TC-17 ngoi khi vng T Chnh vi ni la trc Pliocen.
Cc trm tch trc Miocen mun b bin dng do cc hot ng ni la. Trm
tch sau Pliocen phn gii song song nm ngang, khng bin dng
+ Giai on gn cui Eocen gia - cui Eocen mun
(43 - 36 tr. n). L giai on tch gin mnh (active rifting) do
va chm mnh ca mng n vo i lc u pha
Nam v tin su vo lc a ny. T thc y s dch
chuyn, x y cc khi mnh hn (Min n, Shan - Thi v
ng Dng theo nhiu chiu khc nhau). Khi ng
Dng bt u thc tri xung ng Nam mnh hn to
iu kin cho a khi Kon Tum tch ra khi a khi Vit Bc
- Hoa Nam (cch y 43 tr. n) v di dch xung pha ng
Nam. Trong magma cng nh thnh h trm tch tui
ny pht hin c ai mch gabro - diabaz, andezit - porphir...
Do s di dch cc khi din ra s ph hy, bo mn,
bc tri cc vng nh hnh thnh cc trm tch Molass
cc a ho v bn a ho tuyn tnh dc theo h thng
t gy su.
Cc thnh h trm tch mang c im lc a phn
ln l m h nc ngt trong phm vi hp gn cc
vng cung cp th hin vng nng lng cao.
Chnh v vy cc tp trm tch thng phn b xin
cho, chng gi bn nhau, bin tng nhanh v thay i
b dy r rt, khng cho php a chn theo di din
rng (ch thc hin c trong phm vi khi hay cu to
ring bit v th i khi cn gi l tp hn n).
cc b nh Nam Cn Sn, c th c Ph Khnh,
Sng Hng do tch gin v st ln chm nn rt pht
trin thm thc vt, trong c thc vt bc cao cc
tam gic chu trn cn, i khi ngp nc ngt dng nh
ng Thp Mi min Ty Nam b hin nay.
Cn cc b nh Cu Long do to c cc h nc
ngt su, rng, hay ca sng, m ly nn c iu kin
pht trin thm c, rong to, cn thc vt bc cao km
pht trin hoc khng pht trin c.
+ Giai on Oligocen - Miocen sm (36 - 15,5 tr. n).
y l giai on tch gin chnh (main rifting) ng thi
b x y mnh hn nhiu dn n dch trt ngang v
vn xoay ca khi ng Dng xung pha ng Nam
c bit t cch y 26 - 15,5 tr. n lm thay i v tr ca
d thng nhit (phn ui Ty Nam) bin ng v a
khi Kon Tum tin gn ti v tr hin nay.
Nh vy, a khi Kon Tum t khi tch ra khi khi Vit
Bc - Hoa Nam (cch y 43 triu nm) di dch xung
ng Nam v xoay phi theo h thng t gy Sng
Hng - 109 t c qung ng i 1.200km (Jang v
Bess 1993), so vi a khi Vit Bc - Hoa Nam ch trn
khong cch 760km. Nh vy, a khi Vit Bc - Hoa Nam
ng thi cng b y v di dch sang pha ng v ng
ng Nam trn qung ng 440km.
ng thi chnh giai on ny (36 - 15,5 tr. n) nhiu b
trm tch cn chu s tc ng ca s xut hin chm nm
nhit manti di su bin ng dn n hnh thnh trc
tch gin y bin ng ni mng nht ca lp v (10 -
12km) trung tm (36 - 15,5 tr. n). c bit vo khong thi
gian 26 - 15,5 tr. n, s thc tri ca khi
ng Dng xung pha ng Nam
xy ra mnh nht lm thay i v tr d
thng nhit dn n bin i hng
ng Ty sang ng Bc - Ty Nam
ca ui Ty Nam trc tch gin y
bin ng (Hnh 14).
Trong giai on ny ti hu ht
cc b trm tch c tch ly trm
tch rt dy v trn din rng hn
nhiu, c bit vo Oligocen mun -
Miocen sm ( 26 - 15,5 tr. n).
Giai on ny mang c im
chuyn tip r rt t lc a - vng
ca sng m ly ven bin sang
tng bin nng xen k. Cc lp trm
tch rt c trng l cc lp st, ct
lc nguyn xen vi st than, than rt
giu vt cht hu c.
DU KH - S 4/2011
27
PETROVIETNAM
Hnh 8. H t gy 109 (tuyn 93-103) b Ph Khnh
.K
Kontum
Thm
Nng
Trng
Trung tm
Nng
Tri Tn
Bin
ng
Trng
pha ng
km
km
DU KH - S 4/2011
28
Chnh yu t ny lm ti hot ng v xut
hin hng lot cc t gy mi c hng ng
Bc - Ty Nam phn ra ng Bc b Cu Long
v Nam Cn Sn, T Chnh - Vng My v nhm
b Trng Sa. Hn na, s thay i ui Ty Nam
ca trc to nn i ht chm Broneo - Palawan
v c b Sarawak.
+ Giai on sau tch gin Miocen trung -
thng (15,5 - 5,24 tr. n). Sau thi k tch gin (50
- 15,5 tr. n), c bit tch gin mnh (36 - 15,5 tr. n)
l thi k nn p, nng ln, b bo mn, ct gt
cc trm tch c.
Chm nm nhit manti ngng hot ng, cc
khi magma di su bt u lnh mun, co ngt
dn n st ln v nc bin trn vo cc ni c
a hnh thp to iu kin hnh thnh bin nng
a s cc b trm tch. V vy bn cnh s dp
v, ph hy c cc trm tch lc nguyn cn c
iu kin tch ly cc trm tch cacbonat, pht
trin cc m tiu san h v xen k st bin
Montmo. Tuy nhin do b nng cao vng m
ly nc ngt Ty Bc b Sng Hng rt nhiu
cc va than dy v phn b trn din rng.
Ngc li, b Cu Long c th c b M
Lai - Th Chu hot ng kin to yu, yn tnh hn
v ln chm chm nn cc lp trm tch lc
nguyn pht trin chm vi b dy mng v tng
b dy khng ln.
+ Giai on cn i Pliocen - t (5,24 tr. n
nay) (Tn kin to). y li l giai on hot ha
tch gin (rerifting) c bit ven ra khi ng
Dng v pht trin thm lc a trn phm vi
rng ln thm lc a Vit Nam cng nh ng
Nam . Cc b trm tch lu thng vi nhau v to
mi trng bin nng v bin su.
C l do s lnh ngui nhanh ca cc khi
magma di su (d thng nhit tt t cch
y 15,5 tr. n) v co ngt nhanh hn to thun li
cho s st bc rt mnh, c bit ven ra khi
ng Dng nh b Nam Cn Sn, Ph Khnh v
Sng Hng. Tuy nhin v st ln qu nhanh nn
tc lp y trm tch khng c n b y
) (Bng 1).
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH
Hnh 9. Mt ct ngang qua CT--, i nng Cn Sn, i t gy 109
ng Bc b Nam Cn Sn
Hnh 10. S cu trc CT-ST L 15-1 b Cu Long
+ Hng t gy
chnh B - TN
+ t gy sinh
km - T
v - T
do dch trt
ngang
a. y Oligocen
di (E
1
3
)
b. y Oligocen
trn (E
2
3
)
6 - ng
ng mc,
km
D D
Structure
Con Son Swell
V vy thi k ny cn gi l thi k ti tch gin (hay hot
ha rifting - activization of rifting) mnh ra to nn bin
nng v bin su dc cc h thng t gy 109 v Sng
Hng Bng chng l trong Pliocen v c hin nay vn cn
cc hot ng ni la bin ng v cc chn tm ng t
vn cn hot ng dc theo cc h thng t gy Sng
Hng, Sng M, Ranng - in Bin, 109, Thun Hi - Vng
Tu (Hnh 15) Tc lp y trm tch rt ln nhng vn
khng kp b tr tc st ln (Bng 1). Cc lp trm tch lc
nguyn ch yu bao gm cc lp ct st montmo xen k cc
lp Carbonat, cc rn san h vi tng b dy rt ln.
Nh vy cc b trm tch ri vo iu kin tch gin nh
(rifting) t cch y 50 - 43 tr.n, sau tng cng tch gin
DU KH - S 4/2011
29
PETROVIETNAM
Hnh 12. Mt ct a chn qua ging ST-D
V
e
r
t
ic
a
l
e
x
a
g
g
e
r
a
t
id

2
.
3
.
4
1. Ko tch un cong (Bend pull-apart)
a. B
Sng
Hng
b. B
Cu
Long
2. Ko tch m rng
(Splay pull-apart)
3. Ko tch cnh g
(Echelon pull-apart)
B
Nam
Cn
Sn
B
Ph
Khnh
4. Ko tch bc thang
(Coalescence pull-apart)
B M Lai-Th Chu
Cc trng su c hnh thnh;
S trt ca cc khi
Chiu hng dch trt v xoay ca khi
ng Dng
Hnh 13. M hnh c ch ko tch ca cc b trm tch
thm lc a Vit Nam (pull apart)
Trong
Oligocen
Trong
Miocen
+ Hng t
gy chnh
B - TN
+ t gy sinh
km - T
v - T do
tng ti trng
trng su
Hnh 11. Cc t gy trong cc tng Oligocen-Miocen
CT-G- L 15 - 2/01 b Cu Long
v bt u chu nh hng ca dch trt ngang
- vn xoay ca khi ng Dng xung ng
Nam t cch y 43 tr.n ti 36 tr.n. Sau khi xut
hin d thng nhit t chm nm nhit manti
i ln dn n tch gin y bin ng cc b
trm tch li chu tc ng ca n lm gia tng
tch gin, hot ha cc h thng t gy dn
n tng tc tch ly trm tch sut thi k
Oligocen - Miocen sm (36 - 15,5 tr. n).
Sau thi k tch gin lu di, lin tc v
nhiu pha l thi k b nn p, nng ln bo mn
giai on Miocen trung - mun (15,5 - 5,24 tr. n).
Cui cng vo thi k cn i li xy ra hot ha
tch gin mnh to iu kin st bc, hnh thnh cc trm
tch bin nng v su.
Trong sut qu trnh trm tch t 43 tr.n n nay cc
b trm tch lun c pht trin v m rng do s thc
tri xung ng Nam v vn xoay (strike - slip) ca khi
ng Dng, ng thi t cch y 36 - 15,5 tr.n phn
ln cc b trm tch chu nh hng ca trc tch gin
bin ng. Mt s b cn b li cun bi i ht
chm Borneo-Palawan xung ng Nam (26 -
15,5 tr.). Trong nhng iu kin nh vy cc b
trm tch hnh thnh v pht trin theo c ch
ko tch (pull-apart).
Ti liu tham kho
1. Briais A. v nnk. Update Interpretation of
magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading stages
in the South China Sea. Implication for the Tertiary
Tectonics of South East Asia. J. Geoplus Res.
2. Dietri Paoletli, 1929. Sedimentary basin of
South East Asia. Vng Tu.
3. Taylor b and Hays DE. Origin and history of
the South China Sea basins (in tectonic and geo-
logic evolution of South East Asean Sea and
Island. American Geophysics Union Momograft
Series 17.
4. Tectonic of plates in selection of thesis. H
Ni 1983.
5. Phm Huy Long v nnk, 2003. Lch s pht
trin lnh th Vit Nam v k cn. Trong tuyn
tp a cht v Ti nguyn Mi trng Nam
Vit Nam .
6. V Vit Vn, 2009. Phn tch tng quan v
s hnh thnh Bin ng v mi quan h vi du
kh. ti cp trng, HBK, HQG Tp. HCM.
7. Nguyn Hip v nnk, 2005. a cht
v ti nguyn Du kh Vit Nam. H Ni.
8. Phi l i p Kearey, Kei th A. Kl epei s and
Prederick J. Vine. Global Tectonics. Third Edition
2009 in Singapore.
9. Khain V. E, 2001. Tectonic of continents and
oceans publishing Mir. Moscow.
10. Hong nh Tin, 2000. C ch hnh thnh
cha mng granitoide m Bch H. Tp ch
Du kh 2.
11. Hong nh Tin, 2009. Vi suy ngh v trc tch
gin y bin ng. Tp ch Du kh s 7.
12. Hong nh Tin, 2010. Tin ha kin to v a
ng lc ca ng Dng v ng Nam . Tp ch Du kh
s 7.
DU KH - S 4/2011
30
Hnh 15. S t gy chnh v chn tm ng t Vit Nam
(Nguyn Ngc Thy v nnk, 2001; Hong nh Tin, 2009)
Hnh 14. Lch s nhit v trc tch gin trung tm bin ng
H

n
g

t
h

c

t
r

i

c

a

m

n
g

n
g

D

n
g
D

t
h

n
g

n
h
i

t
D

t
h

n
g

a

t

3
6

t
r
.
n
3
0

t
r
.
n
2
6

t
r
.
n
2
4

t
r
.
n
1
5
,
5
t
r
.
n
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH
1. M u
Khoan ging l to ra s lin thng ca va du (hoc kh) vi mt
t. Mun khai thc c du kh cn phi xy dng ng dn bn
vng ni va sn phm vi b mt v thit b cha c t cch
khng xa ming ging. thun li v an ton trong vic vn chuyn
du v kh trong ging khoan t va ln mt t, cc va t phi
c cch ly v thnh ging phi c gia c vng chc. Ch khi ,
ging mi c iu kin khai thc lu di.
Khi gia c ging khoan, s dng cc ng thp, c ni vi nhau
bng ren thnh mt ct ng di v th vo ging khoan ti su
thit k. Ct ng thp ny c gi l ct ng chng. Thn ging
khoan chng ng s lun lun gi c dng hnh trn trong sut
qu trnh khoan tip theo v qu trnh khai thc du kh sau ny.
c nh ct ng chng v cch ly cc va, bm va xi mng vo ct
ng chng, y dung dch khoan trong ng ra khong khng vnh
xuyn, thay th chng ti y, dng ln n chiu su cn thit v sau
ng rn thnh . Qu trnh vn chuyn (bm) va xi mng vo
khong vnh xuyn c gi l qu trnh trm xi mng ging khoan.
Mt s vn v s dng xi mng
bm trm trong gia c v kt thc cc
ging khoan du kh
PGS.TS. Trn nh Kin, TS. Phm Quang Hiu
Trng i hc M-a cht
TS. Nguyn Hu Chinh, KS. Nguyn Hi Sn
X nghip lin doanh Vietsovpetro
Gii thiu
T thc tin hot ng hn 20 nm,
chng ti trnh by mt s vn v s
dng xi mng trong gia c v kt thc
cc ging khoan du kh nh: c im
ca va trm, phm vi p dng ca cc
tiu chun, cc quy lut tc ng n s
hnh thnh vnh xi mng... Ngoi ra,
chng ti nu nhng thnh tu, bi hc
kinh nghim ca X nghip Lin doanh
Vietsovpetro trong lnh vc ny v bn
lun v cht lng bm trm ging
khoan.
DU KH - S 4/2011
32
DU KH - S 4/2011
33
PETROVIETNAM
Trm xi mng ging khoan l mt cng on phc
tp v quan trng khi xy dng ging. Nu cng on ny
khng c thc hin thnh cng c th dn n mt
trng cc kt qu khoan trc , hoc mt ton b
ging. Cn nu cht lng trm xi mng khng t yu
cu c th dn n xut hin kh - p sut gia cc ct
ng chng, phun trn du kh, chy n v gy ra nhng
hu qu khn lng. y cng c th l nguyn nhn lm
sai lch cc kt qu tnh ton tr lng du kh, dn n
s chuyn dch lu cht gia cc va vi nhau khi chng
c chnh p. Cc thao tc sa cha cho vic trm xi mng
hng hoc km cht lng u rt tn km, c th lm
mt i tnh nguyn trng ca va m khng th khi phc
c, c th lm gim nng lng, sn lng khai thc.
Do , cn phi t c kn thy lc gia ct ng
chng vi vnh xi mng v gia vnh xi mng vi thnh
ging, ng thi ngn nga s hnh thnh knh dn
trong vnh xi mng ngay t khi trm xi mng ln u.
Hn na, cch ly tt cc va m ging khoan qua cn l
bin php bo v mi trng di t.
S dng xi mng trm cc ging khoan du v kh
l cng ngh c t lu, c nhiu cng trnh khoa
hc nghin cu v lnh vc ny, cng nh c cc b
tiu chun quc gia v quc t v xi mng trm ging
c tha nhn v p dng rng ri. Mc d vy, vic s
dng xi mng vn cn nhng vn cn phi ch quan
tm, c bit khi ng trn quan im tng th v xy
dng ging khoan khai thc pht trin m lu di mt
cch an ton v hiu qu.
2. c im ca va dng bm trm ging khoan
Trm xi mng ging khoan l qu trnh pha ch va,
ch yu t xi mng, nc v cc ho cht, ri bm va
qua ct ng chng ra bn ngoi dng ln trong khng
gian vnh xuyn gia ct ng chng v thnh ging
khoan. Kt qu ca bm trm ging khoan l to ra vnh
xi mng c cng v kn xung quang ct ng chng
dc theo thn ging. c th thc hin c vic ny
th va trm phi c c im ging v khc so vi va
dng trong xy dng.
2.1. linh ng
Do ging khoan nm su trong lng t nn phi s
dng my bm ht va trm c iu ch trn b
mt v bm y chng xung ging khoan. Nh vy va
xi mng cn dng th lng, linh ng ca va tr
thnh thng s quan trng hng u phi kim sot. Nu
thng s ny khng tt ( linh ng km) th my bm
s b tc nghn v s c xy ra. linh ng cn c gi
l kh nng bm ca va. nh hng nhiu n linh
ng l t l nc/xi mng (N/XM). Tuy vy, linh ng
cng c th c iu chnh bng ho cht. Cc thng s
lin quan n linh ng l nht, chy to v
qunh. Nhiu chuyn gia thng dng khi nim
qunh (hoc thi gian qunh) c trng cho kh nng
bm v tnh cht linh ng ca va mc d chng vn c
nhng im ring bit.
2.2. Trng lng ring
Ct va xi mng th lng s to ln tc ng p
sut thy tnh v thy ng ln thnh v y ging, do
trng lng ring ca va cng phi c kim sot cht
ch trnh hin tng tha hoc thiu p sut tc dng
ln cc va m ging khoan xuyn qua. Nu p sut ny
qu ln s gy v va, va xi mng c th b tht thot vo
lng t trong qu trnh bm trm. Ngc li, nu qu
nh th p sut va ln hn s y cc lu cht (cc sn
phm) trong va vo ging khoan, gy ra cc s c mt an
ton nh phun trn du kh, chy n... Khi trm xi mng
ging khoan, trng lng ring ca va cn l thng s
duy nht kim sot qu trnh trn va v cht lng
va c pha ch ti thc a, ph thuc ch yu vo t l
nc/xi mng. Trng lng ring cng b nh hng bi
cc ph gia, vt liu v cc ho cht.
2.3. Tnh cht ng rn ca va trm
Cng nh va trong xy dng, va trm ging khoan
sau khi bm vo ging khoan kt thc qu trnh trm cn
phi nhanh chng ng rn thnh xi mng. Kh nng
ng rn ca va trm gip c nh chc chn ct ng
chng s dng ging khoan lu di.
Nh vy, tnh cht c trng ca hai trng thi lng
v rn ca va xi mng c s dng trit v cn phi
ch ng iu khin.
3. Phm vi p dng tiu chun v xi mng ging
khoan
Hin nay c 02 b tiu chun c ph bin rng ri
DU KH - S 4/2011
34
nht l ca Vin Du kh Hoa K (API) v tiu chun
Quc gia Lin X trc y, nay l CHLB Nga ().
Thc t khi trm ging khoan, xi mng phi thay
th dung dch khoan trong khong vnh xuyn gia
ng chng v thn ging trn hoc gia cc ct ng
chng. Xi mng cn nm dc theo ging khoan t b
mt n su y ging (hng nghn mt), c nhit
t rt thp di 0
0
C cc vng ng bng quanh
nm n hng trm
0
C. Nhit ny ph thuc
vo gradient a nhit tng ni. p sut dc theo
thn ging cng thay i theo gradient p sut va,
a tng, c gi tr t 0 v c th t n hng trm,
hng nghn atmotphe (at).
Tiu chun API cng nh tiu chun
khng bao hm ht cc tnh cht ca xi mng trong
khong nhit , p sut rng nh vy. Cc tiu
chun ch th hin phng php thc dng phn
loi xi mng pooclan s dng trong ging khoan
bi mt s tnh cht c yu cu [3]. Tiu chun
cung cp cho cc nh sn xut danh sch cc tnh
cht cn c cho sn phm v cam vi kt ngi
mua (khch hng) rng sn phm ny tha mn cc
yu cu ti thiu cn thit. Ngoi ra, n cng n
gin ha mi quan h gia nh sn xut, nh phn
phi v ngi tiu th. Mc d cc tnh cht trong
tiu chun l c trng cho xi mng vi mc ch
bt buc, xi mng ging khoan cn phi c thm
nhng tnh cht khc na m bo cc nhim v
chc nng di ging khoan.
C th thy rng, cc tiu chun v xi mng
ging khoan ch dng chun ha trong th trng
cung cp - sn xut xi mng. Vic s dng (iu ch
va t cc loi xi mng tiu chun) trm ging
cn phi da vo iu kin thc t v a cht, k
thut, cng ngh, ti chnh v thi quen ca mi
cng ty, quc gia... Hu ht cc loi va bm trm
u phi c iu chnh cc thng s rt khc nhau
v thng khc xa so vi tiu chun (Bng 1 v 2).
Tiu chun API (API Specification 10A Twenty-
third Edition, April 2002 ANSI/API 10A/ISO 10426-1-
2001) v tiu chun 1581-96 c quy nh pha
ch cc loi xi mng (Bng 1).
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH
Bng 1. Quy nh v pha va xi mng theo tiu chun API v
Bng 2. Th d v thng s t trng thc t pha va trm ging khoan
S liu trong Bng 2 cho thy xi mng pha nh tiu
chun (API) trong thc t ch chim khong di 15%,
phn nhiu l pha xi mng khng nh tiu chun. Nh
vy, cc yu cu v tnh cht ca va xi mng quy nh
trong tiu chun khng th l yu cu cho va s bm
vo ging khoan. Ny sinh vn l xi mng phi tiu
chun, cn va xi mng thc t bm trm ging khoan li
khng nh tiu chun hoc khng quy chun c, m
ph thuc vo iu kin thc t ca m v ging khoan.
4. Cc yu t nh hng n s hnh thnh vnh xi
mng trong ging khoan
Thc t cho thy c rt nhiu yu t tc ng n
vic hnh thnh vnh xi mng ca ging khoan, bao
gm cc yu t k thut, a cht, cng ngh Trong ,
c c cc yu t ch quan hay khch quan. Trong bi bo
ny cc tc gi ch trnh by mt s yu t tc ng nh
nhng quy lut thuc v bn cht ca vt liu xi mng
cn lm sng t.
4.1. S chuyn pha v hin tng gim p sut thy tnh
ca ct va
c im c bn v cng l vn ch yu ca vic
dng xi mng bm trm l tnh cht ng rn ca va
trm, th hin vic va cn trng thi lng trong mt
khong thi gian nht nh v phi chuyn thnh pha
rn sau khi thc hin xong cng on bm trm.
Khi va xi mng dng lng cng nh xi mng
dng rn, c nhiu phng php th nghim v
c nghin cu tng i hon chnh xc
nh cc tnh cht c trng ca chng.
iu kin bnh thng (nhit v p sut
kh quyn), nh trong cc cng trnh xy dng
thng thy, s chuyn pha khng gy ra nhng
vn nghim trng. Do , cc ti liu v xi
mng xy dng cng him khi cp n iu
ny. Tuy nhin, khi va xi mng c bm xung
ging khoan (nh trnh by phn trn) to
thnh ct p sut thu tnh cn bng p sut
va th s chuyn pha lm thay i ct p sut
thu tnh cn phi c bit ch .
Cc ti liu v cng ngh trm xi mng v cc
cng trnh nghin cu cho thy, v mt l lun vn
cha gii thch c y quy lut thay i p
sut ny. Trn c s thc nghim v thc tin
trong nhng trng hp c th, kt lun thng nht c
rt ra l: p sut thu tnh ca ct va xi mng gim i
ng k trong qu trnh chuyn pha. Cc nh cng ngh
rt cn bit gi tr p sut b gim kim sot p sut va.
Thc t trong qu trnh thy ho chuyn pha lng
sang rn (vo giai on trung gian m va xi mng khng
hon ton l pha lng cng cha t ti cng l
pha rn), hin tng thay i p sut v truyn p sut
thu tnh ca ct va xy ra rt phc tp [6]. Cc kt qu
o p sut trong phng th nghim i vi va xi mng
trong iu kin m phng ging khoan u nhn thy p
sut gim rt mnh v sau khi xi mng ng rn, t ti
gi tr chn khng [4].
Hin nay, quan im c chp nhn rng ri hn
c l p sut thu tnh ca ct va xi mng gim n p
sut thu tnh ca ct nc dng pha xi mng. iu
ny c gii thch: khi va chuyn trng thi (xi mng
thu ho) s lm tng s lin kt gia cc ht xi mng,
tng bn gel (gel strength) t trng lng ca
chng, nhng gia cc ht vn cn cc l rng thng
nhau (mao dn) cha y nc, do ct nc trong
cc l rng ny s l p sut m ct thu tnh ca va xi
mng t ti trong qu trnh chuyn pha.
Hin tng gim p sut thy tnh trong qu trnh
chuyn pha ca va xi mng l i tng c nghin
cu trong cng ngh trm ging khoan. Trn Hnh 1 l s
biu din hin tng ny v hu qu ca n.
DU KH - S 4/2011
35
PETROVIETNAM
Hnh 1. S gim p sut v hin tng dng kh xm nhp theo mc
chuyn trng thi ca va xi mng t lng sang rn
DU KH - S 4/2011
36
Lc u (trng thi A) ton b p sut ca ct
va xi mng truyn n va kh to phn p ngn
cn dng kh i vo ging khoan. trng thi B, va
bt u pht trin qunh th p sut truyn ln
va kh gim i. Khi va bt u ngng kt (trng
thi C) th p sut gim rt nhanh n gi tr p sut
va kh v lc ny dng kh t va i vo vnh xi mng
(trng thi D). Sau khi ngng kt, xi mng l dng
cht rn (trng thi E), c cng. V nguyn tc,
dng kh khng th i qua c v b dng li thi
im ny.
Nh vy, khi trm xi mng qua va kh th s
chuyn trng thi ca va xi mng ko theo hin
tng gim p sut thu tnh truyn ln va. Dng
kh i vo vnh xi mng v ch dng li sau khi xi
mng ngng kt. Qung ng dng kh i c
trong vnh xi mng ph thuc vo tc di chuyn
(s chnh lch p sut, kch thc knh dn, loi
kh) v khong thi gian ca giai on chuyn pha.
Nu khong thi gian chuyn trng thi ln th
dng kh c th t ti ming ging khoan.
Thc t trn th gii v X nghip Lin doanh
Vietsopetro (XNLD) c nhng trng hp xut hin
kh phun ngay sau qu trnh bm trm ging khoan,
chng t c tc ng ca quy lut gim p sut khi
chuyn pha ca va xi mng. Tuy vy, cn phi nhn thc
rng, phn ln cc trng hp khc khng nhn thy
hin tng ny v dng kh di chuyn trong vnh xuyn
cha t ti b mt do xi mng ngng kt chn li.
4.2. Hin tng co ngt v co rt trong qu trnh thy
ho xi mng
Co ngt (shrinkage) c hiu mt cch khi qut
nht l s thay i kch thc ca vt (gim i) so vi
lc u. Vi xi mng trm ging th lc va cn l lng,
n s c dng v kch thc ca vt (khng gian) cha
n. Nh vy gia c chc v kn vnh xuyn ging
khoan, th yu cu trc tin l sau khi ng rn kch
thc xi mng khng co ngt, v nu co ngt s c khe
h v khng gian vnh xuyn s khng kn. Cc ti liu
v thc t trong phng th nghim ca XNLD cho thy
cc loi xi mng tiu chun v thng dng vi iu
kin ng rn trong mi trng kn v cch ly th u
co ngt, gi tr co ngt o c l 1,70 - 1,88 % sau 48
gi. Nh vy xi mng bnh thng nh tiu chun l
khng ph hp cho mc ch bm trm gia c ging
khoan. Trong [1] cn nu tng thay xi mng bng
cc loi khc ph hp hn.
Co rt (contraction) khc vi co ngt l hin tng
gim tng th tch tuyt i ca h vt cht trong cc
qu trnh vt l, ho hc [2], [5]. Thy ho xi mng l
phn ng ca xi mng vi nc, co rt xy ra khi tng
th tch cc sn phm cui cng to thnh nh hn
tng th tch cc cht ban u tham gia phn ng. Sau
khi ngng kt, hin tng co rt xy ra khng tc ng
nhiu n co ngt kch thc bn ngoi ca mu xi
mng, co rt ch lm tng tng th tch (kch thc v
s lng) cc l rng bn trong ca cu trc xi mng.
Theo ti liu [2] v th nghim xi mng ca XNLD, s co
rt c trnh by trong Bng 3.
C th thy r rng, khi o p sut thy tnh trong
qu trnh chuyn pha ca ct va xi mng trong
phng th nghim th chnh hin tng co rt v co
ngt lm cho kt qu p sut o c gim nhanh
v gim xung di p sut mi trng, tc chn
khng nh nhn xt trong [4].
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH
Bng 3. S gim (%) th tch tuyt i (co rt) ca xi mng
DU KH - S 4/2011
37
PETROVIETNAM
P
h

c

1
.
S

l
i

u

c
o

r

t

d
o

t
h

y

h

a

n
h

n
g

p
h
a

c

n

c

a

c
l
i
n
k
e
r


[
5
]
.
DU KH - S 4/2011
38
5. V cht lng bm trm ging khoan
C cc phng php sau y nh gi cht
lng trm xi mng ging khoan:
- o v tr dng ln ca xi mng trong ging
khoan nh tnh cht to nhit.
- o mt xi mng bn ngoi ng chng.
- o s gn kt ca xi mng vi ct ng chng
(bng sng m thanh).
- p th kn ca vnh xi mng bn ngoi
ct ng chng.
C th thy rng 2 phng php u ch xc
nhn v mt vt cht c s hin din ca xi mng.
Phng php p th c v c trng cho vic
nh gi mc ch ca trm xi mng, tuy vy thc
hin phng php ny li rt kh trong iu kin
ging khoan. Phng php o s gn kt thng
ch thc hin ti mt thi im m vnh xi mng
li phi lm vic lu di. Hu ht, cc chuyn gia
u cha tha mn vi cc phng php trn y.
Chng vn cha c trng c vai tr nhim v
ca vnh xi mng i vi vic khai thc du kh.
Nh trnh by trn y, lm kn khng gian
vnh xuyn ging khoan (cch ly cc va vi nhau
v vi b mt) trc mt cng nh lu di l mc
tiu quan trng nht ca bm trm xi mng. Vnh
xi mng l kt qu vt cht ca bm trm xi
mng. Cht lng ca cng vic bm trm xi
mng ch l m bo hon thnh cc thao tc theo
k hoch pha trn v a c va xi mng ti
cc v tr d tnh trong ging khoan khng xy
ra s c (to c vnh xi mng). Cn cht
lng v mc tiu ca bm trm ging khoan (gia
c ging khoan) li l k vng m vnh xi mng
to thnh s mang li. C th ni y l kt qu
phi vt cht, ph thuc vo rt nhiu cc cng
on v yu t khc nhau (a cht, k thut, thit
k va, vt liu, cng ngh trm) v chng c
coi l i tng nghin cu ca cng ngh bm
trm xi mng ging khoan [2].
Trong thc t, kt qu phi vt cht ni trn ch
c th nh gi c trn vn trong sut qu trnh
khai thc v sau khi ging hon thnh nhim v
( khai thc ht du), do iu khin v kim
sot cc yu t quyt nh kt qu phi vt cht ny
tr thnh nhim v rt phc tp v kh nhn thc.
6. Bi hc v kinh nghim ca XNLD
6.1. Thnh tu
Cng tc gia c ging khoan (chng ng v
bm trm xi mng) chim khong 15 - 20% gi
thnh ging khoan, c ngha quan trng quyt
nh cht lng ging khoan nh mt cng trnh
xy dng ngm trong lng t. Do , trm xi
mng gia c thnh ging khoan XNLD lun c
coi (nhn thc) l mt trong nhng cng on
phc tp trong chu trnh xy dng ging khoan v
c quan tm c bit. n nay, XNLD khoan
c hn 300 ging phc v cho cng tc
thm d v khai thc du kh ti cc m trn thm
lc a Vit Nam. Da vo c im a tng ging
khoan i qua v kinh nghim tch ly c, x
nghip thc hin v tng bc hon thin
cng tc bm trm gia c ging khoan, p ng
c yu cu t ra.
i tng chnh ca cc ging khoan l khai
thc du trong tng Miocen h, Oligocen v mng
phong ha. Do cu trc ging khoan cng c
nhng c im tng ng. Cu trc in hnh
trnh by Ph lc 2. Cn c vo biu p sut
va v v va thy r rng va xi mng pha theo
tiu chun API t loi G hoc theo tiu chun
GOST t loi PCG l khng ph hp. V nh vy s
xy ra hin tng v va. Da vo c im a
cht k thut c trng nh vy, XNLD xy
dng tiu chun x nghip v xi mng s dng.
Cc loi xi mng c dng u l xi mng bin
tnh OWC, OWC-S, OWCL, OWCL-S c sn xut
trong nc. Thng s ch yu c trnh by
trong Ph lc 3.
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH
i vi quy lut gim p sut
thy tnh, XNLD ch trng p
dng cc bin php ngn nga
bng cc gii php cng ngh
khc nhau nh: lp n pha va
vi cc thi gian qunh v ngng
kt khc nhau, p dng loi va
c tnh cch ly cao cc on
quan trng ca ging, iu khin
khong thi gian chuyn tip,
gim chiu di on trm, to
phn p, nghin cu h xi mng
ngm kh. C th ni rng, cng
tc bm trm ca X nghip
ch ng kim sot c quy lut
gim p sut thy tnh (trn Hnh
1, trng thi F minh ha cho vic
p dng c kt qu cc bin php
ngn nga s xm nhp kh trong
giai on chuyn pha). C hai
trng hp xy ra s c phun kh
ngay sau qu trnh bm trm
XNLD u do cc cng ty dch v
v cc nh thu bn ngoi v bm
trm thc hin.
6.2. Vn xm nhp kh
Tuy khng xy ra cc s c
nghim trng v phun kh qua
vnh xi mng, vn xm nhp
kh XNLD vn cn cha thc s
kim sot c. C 3 nguyn tc
xm nhp kh vo vnh xuyn xi
mng l: 1. Kh ni ln khi xi mng
cn l dng lng; 2. Gim p sut
thy tnh, co rt v co ngt khi xi
mng chuyn trng thi, v 3.
Hnh thnh cc khe nt, vi khe nt
trn mt tip xc ca xi mng vi
ng chng, xi mng vi t
thnh ging khoan v trong khi
xi mng sau khi cng do hot
ng ca ging gy ra. Nhng
hn ch trong cng tc ngn
nga s xm nhp kh trong giai
DU KH - S 4/2011
39
PETROVIETNAM


Cc thng s
Ct ng chng
Loi va xi mng
Th tch,
m
3

T trng,
g/cm
3

Thi gian
qunh,
pht
Thi gian
ch xi
mng, gi
ng cch nc 30
(720 mm)
Va xi mng (OWC) 30 1,72 120 24
Conductor 20 (508
)
Va xi mng OWCL 117 1,52 250 36
ng trung gian 13 3/8
(340 mm)
Va xi mng OWCL 209 1,52 390
36

Va xi mng OWCL 90 1,52 260 36 ng khai thc 9 5/8
(245 mm) Va xi mng OWCL- 29 1,57 150 36
ng lng 7 5/8 (194 mm) Va xi mng OWC-S 18 1,72
ng lng 5 1/2 (140 mm) Va xi mng OWCL-
S
10 1,52 150 36
Ph lc 2. c im a tng, p sut va v cu trc ging khoan ca XNLD
Ghi ch: Pv-gradient p sut va; Pvv - gradient p sut v va, Ptt - gradient p sut thy tnh
Ph lc 3. Cc thng s ca va xi mng trm ging khoan ca XNLD
DU KH - S 4/2011
40
on xy dng ging khoan ca XNLD l :
- Khng p dng (hoc p dng khng trit ) cc
bin php cng ngh tng cng h s thay th dung
dch khoan bng va xi mng trong qu trnh bm trm.
- Khng kim sot hin tng co rt v co ngt ca
va trm khi chuyn trng thi v sau khi ng rn.
- Cha cp n kh nng bin dng ca xi
mng trong iu kin ging khoan ang khai thc du
hoc bm p va.
6.3. Quan im v nghin cu vt liu trm ging
Tnh cht cch ly ca vnh xi mng l i hi quan
trng nht i vi bt k vt liu v phng php s
dng. Do nghin cu vt liu trm cn nhm ti mc
ch ny. Cc nhim v cn gii quyt l:
- Nghin cu iu kin, cc ch lm vic ca ging
khoan cc giai on khc nhau.
- Nghin cu v xut cc tiu chun (cc thng s
mi, cn thit) c trng tnh cch ly ca vt liu trm ni
chung v ca vt liu trm trong iu kin ging khoan.
Tch ring v tch hp khi nim v tnh cht (yu cu)
trc mt vi tnh cht lu di cho vt liu trm - va
trm.
- Phng php xc nh cc thng s xut.
- Nghin cu tnh cht cch ly ca cc vt liu trm
ang s dng.
- Nghin cu ch to cc loi
vt liu mi theo mc ch t ra.
7. Kt lun
Xi mng ging khoan phi
tha mn cc tiu chun, nhng
phn ln iu ch va s dng
trong trm ging cn phi xut
pht t iu kin thc t khc
tiu chun.
Giai on chuyn trng thi
ca xi mng khi trm ging l giai
on nguy him do hin tng
gim p sut thy tnh.
Hin tng co ngt v co rt
ca xi mng gy hi cho mc ch
ch o ca trm xi mng ging khoan.
Phng chng xm nhp kh t khi trm xi mng ln
u vn l vn cp bch hin nay ca Ngnh Du kh
v XNLD.
Ti liu tham kho
1. Les Skiner, 2007. Drilling advance. World Oil,
September 2007, p. 21.
2. E.B.Nelson & D.Guillot, 2007. Well Cementing,
Second edition, 773p, p.37
3. Worldwide cementing pracrices, first edition, API,
1991, 465 p, p. 14.
4. .., .., .., 1987.
-
.

. , , .
59-63. . 63.
5. Nguyn Hu Chinh v nnk, 1996. Hiu ng co rt
trong qu trnh thy ha xi mng. Bo co Hi ngh Khoa
hc ln th 12 trng HM - a cht 10/1996, Quyn 6:
Du kh tr.229-235.
6. Nguyn Hu Chinh, 1997. Hin tng gimp sut
trong qu trnh thy ha xi mng. Tp ch Du kh, 1/1997
tr.39-46.
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH
DU KH - S 4/2011
41
PETROVIETNAM
1. t vn
Cc loi cn hin ang c s dng nh l cu t
phi trn xng khng ch [1-3], khng ch v chng c ch
s c tan cao m s c mt ca cn trong nhin liu cn
ci thin qu trnh chy v gim ng k cht thi CO v
cc kh oxt nit i vi nhin liu xng [4, 5] cng nh
nhin liu diesel [6, 7]. Tuy nhin, vic m phng v d
on cn bng pha h cha cn v hydrocarbon c
xem l cc k khng l tng. Cn bng pha ny nh
hng n qu trnh sn xut, tn cha, phn phi v s
dng nhin liu c pha trn cn sinh hc. Trong cc qu
trnh thit k cng ngh - sn xut - phi trn - tn tr v
s dng nhin liu c pha trn cn sinh hc [8-10], vic
m phng chnh xc cc tnh cht nhit ng h cha cn
+ hydrocarbon l cc k quan trng. Mc d cc phng
trnh nhit ng Cubic hoc cc m hnh hot Gibbs
thng c s dng trong cng nghip du kh nhng
cc m hnh ny khng th m t chnh xc cn bng pha
ca cc hn hp c lin kt hydro hoc phn cc. Trong
hon cnh , s ra i ca phng trnh nhit ng
thng k PC-SAFT [11] cho php m phng theo xu
hng d on chnh xc tnh cht nhit ng ca cc
hn hp phc tp k c h c lin kt hydro v phn cc.
Trong thi gian gn y, nhiu tc gi p dng
thnh cng phng trnh nhit ng PC-SAFT m
phng cn bng pha h khng l tng, c bit, m hnh
nhit ng GC-PC-SAFT ngh bi Tamouza [12] v sau
c Nguyen Huynh et al [13, 14] m rng thnh cng
cho cc hn hp phn cc v c lin kt hydro k c hn
hp vi nc [15]. Nhng thnh cng ng ch ca m
Cn bng pha h cc loi cn - hydrocarbon: ng dng
d on kh nng tch pha lng - lng v p sut hi
Reid ca hn hp nhin liu xng bio-fuels
TS. Nguyn Hunh ng
Ths. Trn Th Kim Sim
Trng Cao ng ngh Du kh
KS. Nguyn Hunh Dng
Tng cng ty Kh Vit Nam
Tm tt
Xu hng sn xut cc loi nhin liu sch (bio-
fuels) cho ng c t trong hin nay thng s dng
cn (cc loi cn) hoc te nh mt cu t pha trn [1,
2]. Do , cc tnh cht nhit ng hc, c bit l cn
bng pha ca cc hn hp ny rt quan trng trong
thit k, m phng, ti u cc qu trnh sn xut xng
+ cc loi cn hoc diesel, ethanol. Trong bi bo ny,
chng ti s dng m hnh nhit ng Perturbed Chain
Statistical Associating Fluid Theory m phng cn
bng pha lng-hi (VLE) v lng-lng (LLE) ca h
methanol/ethanol/isopropanol + hydrocarbon c
xem l rt khng l tng, do cc tng tc phc tp
(lin kt hydro v phn cc) c trong h. Kt qu m
phng ny c s dng d on kh nng tch pha
lng-lng v d on p sut hi Reid ca xng bio-
fuels. Chng ti ti u cc thng s mi cho cc loi
cn tinh khit, s dng cho phng trnh PC-SAFT.
Trong tt c cc trng hp c xem xt, m hnh
nhit ng PC-SAFT cho kt qu m phng tt hn
ng k so vi cc m hnh nhit ng c a chung
s dng trong cng ngh du v kh, nh cc phng
trnh nhit ng Cubic hoc m hnh hot (Gibbs),
c bit l kt qu m phng cn bng pha lng-lng.
Vi gi thit n gin c s dng m phng hn
hp a cu t, p sut hi Reid ca hn hp nhin liu
xng + cc loi cn c d on s dng phng trnh
PC-SAFT. Trong tt c cc trng hp c xem xt, PC-
SAFT cho kt qu d on vi sai s tng i <5% so
vi s liu thc nghim.
a
1
v a
2
l nng lng t do c tnh gn ng bc 1 v
bc 2 theo thuyt nhit ng hc:
H s packing v
v
Cc hm a
i
(m
x
) v b
i
(m
x
) c trong phng trnh (9) c
tnh nh sau:
Cc hng s a
ki
v b
ki
(k = 0, 1, 2) c chi tit trong ref. [11].
Cc thng s cho (cross-parameters) e
ij
v s
ij
c tnh bng
cng thc ca Lorentz-Berthelot:
Trong PC-SAFT, mi cu t tinh khit khng phn cc,
khng c lin kt hydro c c trng bi 3 thng s l:
chiu di phn t m, kch thc phn t, v nng lng tng
tc, /k. Nu phn t c lin kt hydro, m t cu t tinh khit
cn thm 2 thng s na c trng cho th tch ca lin kt
hydro (k
AiBi
) v nng lng ca lin kt hydro (
AiBi
/k). Thnh
phn nng lng do lin kt hydro to nn (association term)
tnh cho hn hp c biu din nh sau:
Trong X
Ai
l phn mole ca phn t i khng c lin kt
hydro ti v tr site A v M
i
l s v tr sites trn phn t i c lin
kt hydro. Chng ta c:
DU KH - S 4/2011
42
hnh nhit ng PC-SAFT ngi c c th tham
kho ti bi tng hp rt chi tit ca Tan et al [16].
2. Phng trnh nhit ng PC-SAFT [11]
Phng trnh PC-SAFT [11] c s dng trong
bi bo ny c th vit di dng nh sau:
Trong a
hc
, a
disp
v a
asso
l cc thnh phn
nng lng do cc lin kt/ tng tc hard-sphere
chain, dispersive hay cn gi l lc tng tc
London v cc lin kt hydro cu thnh.
Hard-Sphere Chain term l thnh phn nng
lng chun ca PC-SAFT, a
hc
c tnh nh sau:
Trong ; a
id
v a
hs
l nng lng t
do Helmholtz ca kh l tng v ca thnh phn
hard-sphere. x
i
v m
i
ln lt l thnh phn mole v
s segments ca cu t i. l hm phn b cp
ca segments ca cu t i. Thnh phn hard-
sphere a
hs
c tnh nh sau:
Vi , k = 1, 2, 3; d
i
l ng
knh ca hard-sphere ph thuc vo nhit .
d l ng knh segment c th biu din di
dng thuyt gn ng ca Barker v Henderson [11]
k l hng s Boltzmann, T l nhit tuyt i,
i
v
i
ln lt l ng knh v nng lng tng tc
gia cc segment.
Dispersive term l thnh phn nng lng
tnh n tng tc do cc moment phn cc tm
thi gy ra hay cn gi l lc tng tc London. a
disp
,
c tnh nh sau:
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
HA - CH BIN DU KH
DU KH - S 4/2011
43
PETROVIETNAM
Vi N
AV
l s Avogadro, P
j
l t trng mole ca cu
t j v D
AiNj
l thng s c trng cho lc lin kt hydro:
; y d
ij
l thng s kch thc ph
thuc vo nhit .
3. Kt qu m phng, tho lun - so snh vi cc m
hnh nhit ng khc
3.1. Thng s cu t tinh khit
Hin nay, mc d phng trnh nhit ng PC-SAFT
c tch hp vo cc phn mm m phng cng
ngh chuyn dng nh PROSIM [17], Aspentech tuy
nhin, ngi s dng cn cung cp cc s liu v cu t
tinh khit, thng s tng tc hn hp c th thu
c kt qu m phng chnh xc nht. Cc kt qu thu
c trong bi bo ny c th a vo trc tip s dng
trong phn mm, phc v cng tc m phng cc h
phc tp hn.
Vi phng trnh PC-SAFT, cc loi cn c th c
m phng vi cc s lin kt hydro khc nhau ty
vo cch la chn c bao nhiu lin kt hydro c th to
ra trn nguyn t oxy. Trong bi bo ny, cc loi cn
c xem nh l hp cht c lin kt hydro vi 1 lin kt
cho electron trn oxy v 1 lin kt nhn electron trn
hydro ca nhm hydroxyl, tc methanol/ethanol/ iso-
propanol c m phng theo m hnh 2B [18]. Cc
thng s ca cu t tinh khit c xc nh t s liu
thc nghim l p sut hi v t trng pha lng tng
ng trong khong nhit : 0,4 - 1,0 nhit ti hn. S
liu thc nghim c ly t c s d liu DIPPR [19].
Ton b cc thng s cu t tinh khit xem xt trong bi
bo ny c trnh by trong Bng 1.
Cn bng pha ca hn hp cha methanol +
hydrocarbon c nghin cu bi nhiu tc gi
bng cc m hnh nhit ng khc nhau [21-25]. Tuy
nhin, cn bng pha h methanol + hydrocarbon v
ethanol + hydrocarbon vn ang l ch c tip
tc nghin cu. Khi m phng cn bng pha ca hn
hp cc cu t phc tp bng phng trnh PC-SAFT rt
nhiu nhm tc gi nh Suresh et al [26], Voutsas et al
[27], Nguyen Huynh et al [13, 28-30] cho thy, s la
chn thng s ca cu t tinh khit l cc k quan trng
v nh hng rt ln n kt qu m phng ca hn
hp. V l do , cn bng pha h methanol +
hydrocarbon v ethanol + hydrocarbon c chng ti
xem xt ln u tin vi cc thng s mi ca cu t
tinh khit.
(14)
(15)
Bng 1. Thng s cu t tinh khit v kt qu m phng p sut hi, t trng pha lng so vi s liu thc nghim ca cc cu t tinh
khit c nghin cu mi trong bi bo ny. Cc loi cn c xem nh l hp cht c lin kt hydro loi 2B [18];
Trong bi bo ny, chng ti ti u li cc thng s
cu t tinh khit cho methanol, ethanol v iso-propanol.
Phng php ti u cc thng s ca 3 hp cht ny
c thc hin da trn:
- Ci thin kt qu m phng cn bng pha LLE ca
cc h cc loi cn + hydrocarbon;
- Cc kt qu thu c trong bi bo ny s c so
snh vi kt qu m phng thu c bi Gross v
Sadowski [20]; Yarrison v Chapman [24]; Karakatsani et al
[25] v cc m hnh nhit ng khc ang c a
chung s dng trong cng nghip du kh;
- Cc thng s mi ca cc loi cn c xc nh da
trn cc cn c vt l sau:
+ Thng s kch thc phn t hay cn gi l s
segments ca methanol/ethanol phi gn tin n gi tr
2 v 3 nh theo l thuyt v segments ca phng trnh
SAFT; v methanol c cu thnh t 1 segment CH
3
, 1
segment OH, ethanol c cu thnh t 1 segment CH
3
, 1
segment CH
2
v 1 segment OH; tng t, i vi iso-
propanol, s segment ny phi nm trong khong gi tr
t 3,5 - 4;
+ Nng lng lin kt hydro ca cc loi cn c gi
tr st nht c th so vi gi tr o t thc nghim. i
vi cc loi cn, nng lng lin kt hydro nm trong
khong 2032K n 2117K [31]. Ring i vi ethanol phi
nm trong gii hn l,
AB
= 2120K [32] v
AB
= 2320K
[33]; i vi methanol l 1817 K [31].
T kt qu thu c nh lit k trong Bng 1, cc
thng s ca cc loi cn tinh khit thu c trong bi
bo ny c ngha vt l st vi s liu thc nghim, ring
trng hp ca methanol, c th m t ng thi cc
tnh cht nhit ng ca cu t tinh khit v hn hp,
chng ti nhn thy gi tr nng lng lin kt hydro
khng th c gi tr gn vi gi tr o t thc nghim.
Tuy nhin, kt qu ny cng c th gii thch thng qua
vic cha tnh n trit cc lin kt phn cc c trong
phn t methanol. V d methanol c moment quadrupo-
lar l 4,13 B [34] v moment dipolar l 1,7 D [35]. Chng
ti nhn thy trong nghin cu m phng, n nay cha
c tc gi no thu c gi tr nng lng lin kt hydro
ca methanol s dng m hnh SAFT c gi tr gn st vi
gi tr thc nghim nh Karakatsani et al [25] thu c gi
tr l 2720K hay Tsivintzelis et al [36] thu c 2714 K,
Yarrison v Chapman [24] thu c 2899 K.
3.2. M phng cn bng pha hn hp
m phng cn bng pha ca hn hp, chng ti
s dng h s tng tc hn hp k
ij
khng ph thuc vo
nhit v mi hn hp ch p dng mt gi tr k
ij
duy
nht cho mt loi cn bng 2 pha. Ton b gi tr k
ij
ti u
p dng cho tng hn hp c trnh by trong Bng 2.
3.2.1. Cn bng pha lng-hi (VLE)
Cn bng pha VLE c xem xt u tin v y c
xem l loi hnh cn bng pha d dng m phng hn
cn bng pha LLE. Trong Hnh 1(a) v 1(b), cn bng pha
ca h methanol + pentane v ethanol + hexane c m
phng s dng hai phng trnh nhit ng: Peng-
Robinson [37] vi cc thng s mc nh c ly t phn
mm HYSYS-2006 v phng trnh PC-SAFT. Mc d
phng trnh PR d on c im ng ph ca hn
hp methanol + pentane nhng khng th m t chnh
xc cn bng pha so vi s liu thc nghim, vi sai s ln
n 30%, khi thay i gi tr k
ij
ci thin kt qu m
phng, PR cho kt qu m phng cn bng pha LLE trong
khi iu kin TP ang xt, thc nghim cho thy l ch
tn ti cn bng pha VLE. Trong khi , PC-SAFT cho kt
qu m phng rt chnh xc cn bng pha ca hn hp,
ngay c v tr im ng ph, vi sai s tng i < 2% so
vi p sut im si thc nghim. PC-SAFT cng cho kt
qu m phng cn bng pha VLE ca cc hn hp khc
rt chnh xc so vi s liu thc nghim (Hnh 1).
DU KH - S 4/2011
44
Bng 2. Hng s tng tc hn hp k
ij
ca cc hn hp c nghin cu trong bi bo ny. p dng m phng cn bng pha VLE
HA - CH BIN DU KH
DU KH - S 4/2011
45
PETROVIETNAM
C hai phng php so snh kt qu m phng
cn bng pha VLE v LLE vi cc m hnh nhit ng c
a chung s dng hin nay: (i) gi nh h s tng tc
hn hp k
ij
bng gi tr zero (mo phng d on) hoc (ii)
ti u gi tr k
ij
s dng d liu thc nghim ca hn hp.
Vi gi tr k
ij
= 0, PC-SAFT d on ng c tnh ng ph
ca hu ht cc hn hp ang c xem xt, iu ny
chng t c kh nng d on cc tnh cht nhit ng
ca cc h khng l tng v ch cn s dng cc thng s
ca cu t tinh khit. Trong khi , cc m hnh nhit ng
c in li yu cu s dng thng s tng tc hn hp k
ij
0 c th m t ng bn cht cn bng pha ca hn
hp (vd: im ng ph ca hn hp ethanol + hexane).
3.2.2. Cn bng pha lng-lng (LLE)
Cn bng pha LLE c xem l rt kh m t bng cc
phng trnh nhit ng. Kt qu m phng trong bi
bo ny c so snh vi kt qu m phng thu c
bng cc m hnh nhit ng khc nhau hin c trong
cc phn mm chuyn dng hoc t cc cng trnh
nghin cu c ng ti trn cc tp ch c uy tn.
Hnh 2(a) m t cn bng pha LLE h methanol +
Hnh 1. Cn bng pha lng-hi h cn + hydrocarbon. S liu thc nghim ca tng hn hp c ly t: (a) [38]; (b) [39]; (c) [40]; (d) [41];
(e) [42]; (f ) [43]; (g) [44]; (h) [45]; (i) [46]
pentane, kt qu m phng c so snh vi kt ca thu
c bi Yarrison v Chapman [24], PC-SAT cho kt qu
tt hn CK-SAFT so vi s liu thc nghim. Tng t, kt
qu m phng cn bng pha LLE h methanol + octane
ca Karakatsani et al [25] s dng phng trnh t-PPC-
SAFT khng cho kt qu tt hn PC-SAFT, d Karakatsani
et al c tnh n cc tng tc phn cc, iu ny c th
gii thch thng qua s chn la khng tha ng cc
thng s cu t tinh khit p dng cho CK-SAFT hoc t-
PPC-SAFT.
Kt qu m phng cn bng pha LLE s dng PC-SAFT
tng ng vi kt qu thu c bi Arai et al [21] vi m
hnh nhit ng Modified Wilson hay Matsuda v Ochi
[23] s dng m hnh NRTL, tuy nhin, cc nhm nghin
cu ny ngh thay i cc phng trnh ni trn mt
cch c bit v ph hp m phng cn bng pha LLE
h methanol + alkane, hn na, h s dng h s tng tc
hn hp k
ij
ph thuc vo nhit , iu ny hn ch kh
nng ngoi suy ca m hnh v kt qu ch ng vi
khong nhit m h s k
ij
c hiu chnh.
Hnh 2(d) m t cn bng pha LLE h ethanol +
n-dodecane s dng hai h thng s cu t tinh khit
khc nhau cho ethanol. Kt qu m phng cho thy, cc
thng s mi s dng cho ethanol tinh khit cho kt qu
m phng rt chnh xc gin pha LLE ca h ang xt
v ngay c i vi cc hn hp ethanol + alkane khc,
iu ny cho php kt lun rng, thng s mi xc nh
trong bi bo ny cho kt qu m phng tt hn cc
thng s do Gross v Sadowski [20] cng b.
Kt qu m phng LLE ca cc hn hp
methanol/ethanol + hydrocarbon thu c trong bi bo
ny cng c so snh vi cc m hnh nhit ng ang
c a chung s dng nh Peng-Robinson [37], Soave-
Redlich-Kwong [47], UNIFAC LLE [48]. Trong a s cc
trng hp, cc m hnh nhit ng c in khng th
m t chnh xc LLE ca h methanol/ethanol +
hydrocarbon, ngay c i vi UNIFAC LLE [48], l m hnh
nhit ng c pht trin c bit cho m phng cn
bng pha LLE.
DU KH - S 4/2011
46
Hnh 2. Cn bng pha lng-lng h cn + hydrocarbon. S liu thc nghim ly t: (a) [49]; (b) [50]; (c) [51]; (d) [52]; (e) [52]; (f ) [23, 52, 53].
[23, 52, 53]. Kt qu m phng vi PC-SAFT c so snh vi kt qu thu c s dng cc m hnh nhit ng ang c a chung s
dng trong cc phn mm cng ngh nh SRK [47]; UNIFAC-LLE [48]
E E E
HA - CH BIN DU KH
DU KH - S 4/2011
47
PETROVIETNAM
Nh vy, chng ti c th kt lun rng, cc thng s
cu t tinh khit mi c xc nh cho cc loi cn trong
bi bo ny cho kt qu tt hn cc thng s c cng
b bi cc nhm tc gi khc v cc m hnh nhit ng
c in, nu cc m hnh ny khng tnh chi tit cc lc
tng tc do lin kt hydro gy ra th khng th m t
chnh xc cn bng pha LLE ca h cc loi cn +
hydrocarbon, nh cc phng trnh nhit ng dng
Cubic hoc m hnh hot (Gibbs).
Kt qu m phng cn bng pha LLE ca h cc loi
cn + hydrocarbon thu c trong bi bo ny ang
c p dng m rng m phng d on hin tng
tch pha ca h xng reformat - cc loi cn - nc, kt
qu ny s c ng dng d on kh nng tch
pha gia cc hp cht c tnh cht khc nhau nh cc
loi cn - hydrocarbon c trong xng (d on nhit ,
p sut v thnh phn ca cc phi liu phi trn xng
m ti c hin tng tch pha), hin tng tch pha
ca nhin liu xng bio-cc loi cn nh hng n cc
tnh cht ca xng thng phm nh ch s octane, p
sut hi v mc ln nc vo sn phm trong qu
trnh tn cha, c bit l trong trng hp cc loi cn
c trn vo xng bio-fuels vi hm lng > 5% th tch.
3.2.3. D on p sut hi Reid hn hp xng khng ch c
cha cc loi cn
Xng khng ch l hn hp bao gm hng trm hp
cht khc nhau, mi hp cht c nhit si khc nhau
v c cc tng tc gia cc phn t khc nhau, c bit
l cc hp cht phn cc v c lin kt hydro nh cc hp
cht cn s to ra tnh cht ha l rt khc nhau khi chng
c ha trn vi nhau. Trong 16 ch tiu cht lng ca
xng sinh hc E5 [54] ang lu hnh trn th trng Vit
Nam hin nay th ch tiu p sut hi Reid ca xng l ch
tiu c bn v tnh cht ha l c trng cho mc bay
hi ca cc cu t nh c trong xng, nh hng n tnh
nng hot ng ca b ch ha kh, qu trnh chy v c
bit l qu trnh khi ng ca ng c khi thi tit lnh
hoc nh hng n s vn hnh lin tc ca ng c
trong thi tit ngy h. p sut hi Reid c nh ngha
l p sut hi ca hn hp o c ti nhit 37,8
0
C.
C nhiu nhm tc gi khc nhau khi nghin cu v
m phng d on p sut hi Reid ca hn hp nhin
liu xng a ra cc gi nh khc nhau, trong c
nhm tc gi Hatzioannidis et al [55] s dng m hnh
nhit ng UNIFAC hiu chnh p sut hi Reid ca
hn hp xng, nhm tc gi cng kt lun, UNIFAC
khng th s dng d on ch tiu cht lng ny
ca hn hp xng - cc loi cn v sai s so vi s liu thc
nghim l tng i ln, nhm tc gi cng a ra bin
lun do UNIFAC khng tnh n cc tng tc do lin kt
hydro gy ra. Pumphrey et al [56] s dng cc m hnh
nhit ng Margules [57]; VanLaar [58]; Wilson [59] m
phng v d on p sut hi Reid ca hn hp xng
khng ch + cc loi cn, nhm tc gi gi thit xem
hn hp xng khng ch + cc loi cn nh l hn hp
ca hai cu t gi, cc thng s ca m hnh nhit ng
c xc nh thng qua mt s im p sut thc
nghim o c ca hn hp, vi gi thit ny nhm tc
gi kt lun, ch c m hnh Wilson cho kt qu m
phng vi kt qu ng tin cy v m hnh ny cho php
m phng cc h rt khng l tng. Hnh 4 & 6 so snh
kt qu m phng s dng m hnh Wilson v PC-SAFT,
chng ta c th thy Wilson cho kt qa m phng chnh
xc ti im 100% methanol/iso-propanol v cc thng s
ca 2 cu t gi (c trng cho hn hp xng khng ch
c cha cn) s dng trong m hnh Wilson c ti u
s dng s liu thc nghim ca hn hp bao gm s liu
thc nghim ca cn tinh khit m nhm tc gi o
c v khng s dng s liu thc nghim ca cu t
tinh khit c kim duyt tin cy, v d nh c s
d liu DIPPR, c ngha l cc thng s xc nh cho m
hnh Wilson thu c khng th s dng m phng
ngoi suy cho cc hn hp xng khng ch + cn khc,
y chnh l im yu ca gi thit.
Vi mc ch ng dng phng trnh nhit ng PC-
SAFT vo d on s thay i p sut hi Reid ca hn hp
xng khng ch + cc loi cn khi hm lng ca cc loi
cn c trong xng thay i, chng ti gi thit c th m
phng hn hp xng khng ch nh l hn hp ca cc
hydrocarbon: butane-hexaneiso-octane-cyclohexane v
benzene, mi hp cht s c trng cho tnh cht chung
ca ln lt cc nhm hydrocarbon n-paraffins-iso-
paraffins-naphthenes-aromatics nh nhm tc gi Doz et
al [60] hay Alkandary et al [61] gi nh khi m phng
hn hp xng reformat. Theo gi thit ny, chng ti la
chn phng php xy dng m hnh nhit ng d
on tnh cht nhit ng ca hn hp t cc tnh cht
nhit ng ca cu t tinh khit, iu ny s tng kh
DU KH - S 4/2011
48
nng d on/ngoi suy ca m hnh. m phng
d on s thay i p sut hi ca hn hp xng
khng ch + cc loi cn, chng ti gi nh p sut
hi ca hn hp xng khng ch + cc loi cn ch thay
i phn ln l do cc tng tc khng l tng gia
cc h hydrocarbon v cc loi cn, nh vy, mt khi
PC-SAFT c th m phng tt cn bng pha cc h
cn + hydrocarbon, chng ti hy vng, vi gi thuyt
ny, PC-SAFT vi cc thng s cu t tinh khit ti u
thu c s d on c p sut hi ca hn hp
phc tp ny.
Theo nh kho st ca nhm tc gi, s liu thc
nghim cng b trn cc tp ch khoa hc lin quan n
ch l rt hn ch. Sau khi xem xt v so snh cc
nh gi v mc chnh xc ca cc d liu thc
nghim, 5 hn hp xng khng ch+cn c gi tn ln
lt l Gasoline A, Gasoline B, Gasoline C, Gasoline D,
Gasoline E c chn nghin cu, kim tra kh nng
m phng d on ca PC-SAFT.
Bng 3 thng k thnh phn cc hp cht khc
nhau c c trng bi cc nhm hydrocarbon c
tnh cht khc nhau v c ch s cacbon khc nhau i
vi hai loi nhin liu Gasoline A v Gasoline B. i vi
3 loi nhin liu cn li, do thnh phn c th khng
c cng b nn chng ti tin hnh cc gi nh
nh sau:
- i vi 2 loi nhin liu A v B, thnh phn gi nh
hn hp xng c m phng trong PC-SAFT s c xc
nh gn ng vi s liu phn tch. Ring i vi nhm
n-paraffins s c c trng bng 2 cu t l butane v
hexane, mc ch l hiu chnh p sut hi ca hn
hp d on bi PC-SAFT v d liu thc nghim.
- i vi 3 loi nhin liu Gasoline C, D, E, do s liu
thc nghim khng lit k chi tit thnh phn cc hp
cht nh nhin liu A & B, chng ti gi thit thnh phn
gi ca hn hp xng khng ch trong m hnh PC-SAFT
s c xc nh thng qua p sut hi ca hn hp xng
khng ch (p sut hi ca hn hp xng + 0% cc loi
cn) v im thc nghim p sut hi hn hp ti thnh
phn ca cc loi cn thp nht.
Nh vy, thnh phn gi nh ca hn hp xng
khng ch Gasoline A & B m phng trong m hnh
PC-SAFT c xc nh s dng duy nht 1 im thc
nghim p sut hi ca xng khng ch + 0% ethanol. i
vi hn hp xng Gasoline C, D, E, thnh phn gi nh
ca hn hp c xc nh da trn 2 im thc nghim
l: p sut hi ca xng + 0% cc loi cn v im p sut
o c ti thnh phn ca cc loi cn thp nht. Tt c
cc kt qu thu c cn li l kt qu d on thu c
vi PC-SAFT.
C th thy rng, i vi tt c 5 hn hp xng khng
ch + cc loi cn, khi thm 5% th tch cc loi cn vo
hn hp xng, p sut xng tng ln ng k. Sau , khi
hm lng cc loi cn thm vo xng >10%, p sut hi
ca xng li c xu hng gim, hin tng ny c th gii
thch do xut hin im ng ph ca hn hp cc loi
cn + hydrocarbon lm tng p sut hi v gim nhit
si hn hp.
Bng 3. Thnh phn mole trung bnh ca xng khng ch Gasoline A v Gasoline B,
c tnh theo nhm hydrocarbon v ch s cacbon (mol%)
HA - CH BIN DU KH
Kt qu d on p sut hi Reid ca 5 hn hp xng
khng ch + cc loi cn s dng phng trnh PC-SAFT
c th hin trn cc hnh v 3 - 6, c th nhn thy kt
qu d on thu c l tng i chnh xc vi sai s
tng i cho a s cc trng hp l < 5%.
Hnh 3 m t kt qu d on p sut hi Reid ca
nhin liu xng sinh hc cha cn (Gasoline A & B). i
vi hn hp nhin liu Gasoline B, PC-SAFT cho kt qu
d on kh chnh xc so vi s liu thc nghim ngay c
nng ethanol cao (25%), tuy nhin i vi nhin liu
Gasoline A, PC-SAFT cho kt qu d on vi sai s
khong 6% so vi s liu thc nghim ( nng 25%
ethanol), iu ny c th gii thch thng qua s khc
nhau v thnh phn ca cc hp cht thm c trong hn
hp nhin liu. Tht vy, i vi nhin liu Gasoline B,
nng cc cht thm c trong hn hp ch chim 8,8%
trong khi i vi nhin liu Gasoline A, thnh phn hp
cht thm chim n 32,6%. Thc nghim cho thy, tuy
cc hp cht thm khng phi l cc cht c lin kt
hydro (auto association) nhng chng li c lin kt
hydro cho (cross-association) vi cc hp cht c lin kt
hydro, v d nh cc loi cn; chnh lin kt hydro cho
ny lm cho p sut hi ca hn hp gim xung khi
nng ca cc hp cht thm c trong hn hp xng
khng ch + cn tng ln.
DU KH - S 4/2011
49
PETROVIETNAM
Hnh 3. p sut hi Reid ca hn hp xng khng ch Gasoline A
v Gasoline B khi thm ethanol. S liu thc nghim (chm trng)
c ly t ref. [62]. ng lin l kt qu d on thu c s
dng phng trnh PC-SAFT.
Hnh 4. p sut hi Reid ca hn hp xng khng ch Gasoline C
khi thm methanol. S liu thc nghim (chm trng) c ly t
ref. [56]. Kt qu d on thu c bng phng trnh PC-SAFT
c so snh vi kt qu d on thu c s dng cc m hnh
nhit ng khc nhau Margules [57]; VanLaar [58] Wilson [11].
Hnh 5. p sut hi Reid ca hn hp xng khng ch Gasoline D
khi thm ethanol. S liu thc nghim (chm trng) c ly t
ref. [56] so snh vi kt qu d on thu c bng phng trnh
PC-SAFT.
Hnh 6. p sut hi Reid ca hn hp xng khng ch Gasoline E
khi thm iso-propanol. S liu thc nghim (chm trng) c
ly t ref. [56]. Kt qu d on thu c bng phng trnh PC-
SAFT c so snh vi kt qu d on thu c s dng phng
trnh Wilson [59]
DU KH - S 4/2011
50
C th lit k mt s cng trnh nghin cu thc
nghim cng nh tnh ton m phng s dng phn
mm Gaussian chng minh c nng lng lin kt
hydro cho gia hp cht thm + cc loi cn l tng
i ln nu so snh vi nng lng lin kt hydro ca
cn tinh khit. Brinkley v Gupta [63] s dng phng
php o Spectrocopy FTIR v khng nh nng lng
lin kt cho ca 1-hexanol+toluene, 1-hexanol+m-
xylene, cyclohexanol + toluene l tng i ln v c nh
hng n cn bng nhit ng ca hn hp; nhm tc
gi cng tnh ton m phng Ab initio v a ra kt lun
nng lng lin kt hydro cho ethanol + toluene l - 6,6
kJ/ mol (795 K); ethanol + m-xylene l - 7,1 kJ/ mol (854 K).
Tng t, khi nghin cu v lin kt hydro cho gia
methanol + benzene s dng phng php o enthalpy
hn hp, Wormald v Sowden [64] xc nh c nng
lng lin kt hydro cho ca hn hp l - 13 kJ/ mol
(1563 K), nng lng ny tng i ln so vi nng lng
lin kt hydro ca methanol - methanol (1817 K); nng
lng lin kt cho ca hn hp ethanol - benzene o
c l - 14 kJ/ mol (1684 K) [65]. nh hng ca hin
tng lin kt hydro cho gia cc hp cht: cn thm
(aromatic alcohol) + hp cht thm + nc c nghin
cu m phng s dng GC-PPC-SAFT bi Nguyn Hunh
et al [15, 66] v nhm tc gi i n kt lun: nu nng
lng lin kt hydro cho c tnh n mt cch chi tit
trong m hnh nhit ng, thng s tng tc hn hp k
ij
s c ngha vt l hn, ha tan vi nng < 10
5
cng
s c m phng mt cch chnh xc hn, tuy nhin cn
cn nhc v yu cu mc chnh xc kt qu m phng
v phc tp ca m hnh nhit ng s dng.
i vi cc hn hp nhin liu Gasoline C, D v E,
chng ti gi nh thnh phn cc loi hydrocarbon c
trong hn hp xng c xc nh thng qua 2 im thc
nghim ca hn hp nh gi thit trn, vi gi thit
ny, hm lng cc hp cht thm c trong hn hp
xng gi nh thu c < 15% mol, trong 3 trng hp
ny PC-SAFT cho kt qu m phng vi sai s chp nhn
c, < 5% so vi s liu thc nghim. Tuy nhin cn nhn
mnh rng, PC-SAFT d on p sut hi ca hn hp ti
im thc nghim tng ng vi thnh phn 100% cc
loi cn (cn tinh khit) vi sai s khong 15-17%, nhng
s liu trong cc ti liu tham kho c sai khc vi c s
d liu DIPPR [19] l 15 - 18%. Chnh iu ny gy ra s sai
khc gia s liu thc nghim v kt qu d on vi PC-
SAFT do cc thng s cu t tinh khit c xc nh da
trn c s d liu DIPPR. Chng ti khng khng nh v
mc chnh xc ca cc s liu thc nghim o c
i vi 3 nhm nhin liu C, D, E, nhng vic o t s liu
thc nghim tng ng s rt cn thit c th so snh,
nh gi mc chnh xc & kh nng d on p sut
hi Reid cc loi nhin liu xng pha cn ca PC-SAFT.
Kt lun
Trong bi bo ny, cc thng s hon ton mi c
xc nh cho cc hp cht phc tp, cc thng s mi ny
c xc nh da trn cc cn c vt l, c bit l nng
lng ca lin kt hydro thu c cho cc loi cn c gi
tr rt gn vi gi tr o t thc nghim. i vi cc hn
hp cn + hydrocarbon, cc thng s mi thu c cho
methanol v ethanol cho kt qu m phng cn bng
pha hn hp tt hn kt qu thu c bi Gross v
Sadowski [20] hay Yarrison v Chapman [24] hay
Karakatsani et al [25].
Vi sai s tng i thu c trong gii hn t 2 - 5%
so vi s liu thc nghim khi s dng duy nht 1 thng
s tng tc hn hp - khng ph thuc vo nhit .
c bit i vi cn bng pha LLE, PC-SAFT cho kt qu
tt hn ng k so vi cc m hnh nhit ng ang c
a chung s dng trong cng nghip du kh nh cc
m hnh nhit ng Cubic hoc m hnh hot Gibbs.
PC-SAFT cng cho kt qu d on chnh xc cn bng
pha m t s phn b ca cc loi cn trong pha
hydrocarbon, d liu ny c vai tr rt quan trng trong
cng ngh sn xut nhin liu sinh hc c cha cn. Vi
gi thuyt n gin p dng m t p sut hi Reid
ca hn hp xng khng ch, PC-SAFT cho kt qu d
on s thay i p sut hi Reid hn hp xng khng
ch-cc loi cn cho a s cc trng hp c xem xt
vi sai s tng i trong khong 5% so vi s liu thc
nghim. Vi kt qu nghin cu hin ti, PC-SAFT c th
c s dng d on p sut hi Reid ca hn hp
xng khng ch + cc loi cn vi hm lng hp cht
thm < 20% mol hoc hm lng cc loi cn < 25% mol.
Chng ti hy vng, nu cc tng tc ca moment dipolar
c trong phn t cn v moment quadrupolar c trong
cc hp cht thm v c bit l nng lng tng tc do
cc lin kt hydro cho gia cc loi cn v hp cht thm
c tnh n chi tit trong m hnh nhit ng s lm
tng kh nng d on ca PC-SAFT trong khon gii hn
ln hn v nng cc cht c trong hn hp.
Cn bng pha ca h cha cc loi cn c bit l
ethanol - hydrocarbon - MTBE/ETBE - xng khng ch -
nc ang c nhm tc gi nghin cu.
HA - CH BIN DU KH
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HA - CH BIN DU KH
DU KH - S 4/2011
53
PETROVIETNAM
1. M u
Mt trong nhng ng dng quan trng nht ca
propylen l sn xut nha polypropylen (PP). Nha PP
l mt trong cc mt hng nha nhit do c tc pht
trin nhanh nht trn th gii, ch sau polyethylen (PE) v
polyethylen terephthalat. PP c ng dng rng ri
trong cc sn phm tiu dng v trong cng nghip nh
cc c tnh tt v cng, bn c hc v bn i
vi cc ha cht nh axit, kim v cc loi dung mi. Th
trng PP trn th gii pht trin rt si ng trong
vng 30 nm qua, nhu cu tiu th trong vng 5 nm tr
li y khng ngng tng ln, t 45 triu tn vo nm
2008 v n nm 2013, nhu cu ny c th tng ln n 55
triu tn [1]. Tuy nhin kh nng cung cp ngun nguyn
liu propylen cho qu trnh sn xut PP trong nhng nm
ti khng tng nn c th xy ra trng hp thiu
propylen cho ngnh cng nghip ny. Ti Vit Nam, t
nm 2005 n 2010, nhu cu s dng propylen tng u,
khong hn 10%/nm, t khong 300 ngn tn/nm ln
n hn 500 ngn tn/nm. Ngun cung cp trong nc
hin nay cha p ng c yu cu ny, lun lun c s
chnh lch ln gia cung v cu. D bo n nm 2016,
khi cng vi nh my PP Dung Qut, lin hp lc ha du
Nghi Sn v t hp ha du Long Sn c a vo s
dng vi 100% cng sut th mi p ng c nhu cu
trong nc [1].
Ngun cung cp propylen trong cng nghip ha
du ch yu i t hai qu trnh chnh l cracking hi nc
hydrocacbon (68%) v cracking xc tc FCC (29%) [2].
Hiu sut propylen trong qu trnh cracking hi nc rt
kh iu chnh v hiu qu kinh t ca PE thng cao hn
PP nn hu ht mi quan tm n vic tng sn lng
propylen u hng ti qu trnh cracking xc tc FCC
[1]. C 4 yu t tc ng n vic thay i hm lng
propylen trong qu trnh FCC: i) cng sut ca phn
xng FCC, ii) tnh cht nguyn liu, iii) iu kin vn
hnh, v iv) xc tc v ph gia. Trong b sung thm
cht ph gia ZSM-5 l gii php linh hot v c hiu qu
nhanh nht do cc nh my lc du c th nhanh chng
ch ng thay i lng ph gia ZSM-5 thm vo phn
xng FCC hng ngy. Bn cnh ZSM-5 cn c tc
dng lm tng tr s octan trong xng nn loi ph gia
nh gi v la chn s b mt s loi ph gia ZSM-5
cho xc tc FCC tng hiu sut propylen v tr s
octan ca xng trong qu trnh cracking xc tc
Tm tt
p ng nhu cu propylen ngy cng tng,
mt trong nhng gii php hu hiu l s dng
thm cht ph gia ZSM-5 cho xc tc ca qu trnh
cracking xc tc (FCC). Trong nghin cu ny
chng ti nh gi v la chn s b mt s loi
ph gia ZSM-5 cho nh my lc du ti Vit Nam
nhm mc ch tng hiu sut propylen trong c
cu sn phm cracking ng thi tng tr s octan
trong xng. T kt qu nh gi bn thy nhit
ca 4 loi ph gia thng mi, nhm tc gi la
chn c 2 loi ph gia c bn thy nhit v
chn lc propylen cao nht. Kt qu kho st nh
hng ca t l ph gia/xc tc cho thy khi thm
ph gia ZSM-5 vo xc tc FCC vi t l 5%kl th
hiu sut propylen tng thm khong 13%kl, tr
s octan ca xng cracking tng 1 - 2 n v v t l
ph gia/xc tc ti u nm trong khong t 1 n
5%kl.
TS. ng Thanh Tng, ThS. Ng Thy Phng
KTV. Trn Vn Tr, KS. Nguyn Sura
KS. Nguyn Hu Trng, KS. o Th Thanh Xun
Vin Du kh Vit Nam
DU KH - S 4/2011
54
ny c nh hng rt ln n vic tng hiu qu kinh t
cho nh my lc du. Vic thm loi ph gia ny vo xc
tc FCC cn c mt ngha thc tin khc na l cn
bng nh hng ca t him trong xc tc [3]. Vai tr
ca t him ch yu l tng hm lng xng tuy
nhin n cng lm gim hm lng olefin do phn ng
chuyn dch hydro dn n lm gim tr s octan ca
xng cracking. V vy, ph gia ZSM-5 c s dng
b p nh hng gim tr s octan ca t him trong
xc tc FCC.
Ph gia ZSM-5 c s dng trong qu trnh FCC ca
nh my lc du nh l mt phn ca xc tc FCC. Ph gia
c a vo h thng vi t l t 1 n 12%kl [4] qua h
thng np ph gia vo thit b ti sinh xc tc. Ti y ph
gia cng xc tc s tri qua qu trnh t cc trong mi
trng thy nhit v nhit cao (khong 650 - 750
0
C)
trc khi tip tc c a vo l phn ng. Di tc
dng ca mi trng khc nghit ca qu trnh FCC, hot
tnh v chn lc ca ph gia ZSM-
5 s gim mnh khi a vo s dng.
Nh vy, hiu qu s dng ph gia
ZSM-5 ngoi chn lc propylen
cn ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t
nh bn thy nhit cng nh t l
ph gia/xc tc. Trong nghin cu
ny, nhm tc gi kho st nh
hng ca cc yu t c bn ny n
hiu sut propylen v tr s octan ca
xng cracking la chn s b mt
s loi v t l ph gia thch hp.
2. Thc nghim
Bn loi ph gia ZSM-5 cng nghip, c cc tnh cht
tiu biu khc nhau, t cc hng sn xut xc tc c uy tn
trn th gii (Grace Davison v JGC C&C) c s dng
trong nghin cu ny. Cc tnh cht v thnh phn tinh
th ca chng c o ti phng th nghim nh gi xc
tc ca Trung tm Nghin cu & Pht trin Ch bin Du
kh (PVPro), Vin Du kh Vit Nam (VPI) v c th hin
trong Bng 1. Cc loi ph gia c gim hot tnh cc
thi gian khc nhau: 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 v 20 gi bng phng
php thy nhit ti nhit 816
0
C, 100% hi nc theo
phng php AM-1500. c trng ca ph gia c nh
gi trc v sau khi gim hot tnh, bao gm xc nh din
tch b mt, th tch l xp, bn mi mn, hnh dng,
hnh thi b mt ph gia.
Ph gia sau khi gim hot tnh c trn vi xc tc
cn bng ca nh my lc du (tnh cht xc tc cn
bng th hin trong Bng 2 vi t l ph gia/xc tc cn
bng l 3%kl v bn thy nhit ca cc loi ph gia
c nh gi da trn s thay i hm lng propylen
ca phn ng cracking xc tc trn cng mt loi
nguyn liu VGO (Bng 3) [5]. Hai trong 4 loi ph gia c
chn lc propylen v bn cao nht s c th
nghim cc t l khc nhau t 0 n 20 %kl chn ra
t l thch hp v yu cu cht lng v kinh t ca nh
my lc du. Sn phm ca qu trnh cracking c
phn tch trn cc thit b sc k kh phn tch kh du m
(Refinery Gas Analysis, RGA), sc k kh chng ct m
phng (GC SIMDIS), sc k kh phn tch chi tit hydro-
cacbon (Detail Hydrocarbon Analysis, GC-DHA). Thnh
phn cc trn xc tc c nh gi bng phng php
t cc v o hm lng CO, CO
2
to thnh bng hp
th hng ngoi.
Bng 1.Tnh cht ha l ca cc ph gia ZSM-5 mi
Bng 2. Tnh cht ha l ca xc tc cn bng
HA - CH BIN DU KH
3. Kt qu v tho lun
3.1. c trng tnh cht ha l ca cc loi ph gia ZSM-5
4 loi ph gia thng mi t A n D c m ha
theo hm lng tinh th gim dn t 50 n 25%. C 4
loi ph gia ny u cha P
2
O
5
tng bn thy
nhit [6]. Din tch b mt zeolite ca cc loi ph gia
cng gim dn theo hm lng tinh th nhng din tch
b mt matrix i vi c 4 loi th gn nh khng i. C
th thy rng lai ph gia c th tch l xp vi mao qun
(kch thc di 20) cng nh th c hm lng tinh
th cng thp. Mi tng quan gia bn mi mn
ca cc ht ph gia v kch thc ht trung bnh cng
c thy r trong Bng 1. Cc ph gia A v B c kch
thc ht nh nn c bn mi mn ln, tc ht cng,
kh nng chu va p cao. Ngc li ph gia C, D c kch
thc ht ln hn nn ht mm hn, kh nng chu va
p km hn.
3.2. nh hng ca bn thy nhit ca ph gia n
chn lc propylen
Tc ng ca ph gia ZSM-5 ln c cu sn phm ca
qu trnh FCC r rt nht chn lc propylen (Hnh 1).
Ti cng iu kin thc nghim, cng
chuyn ha (77%kl), xc tc cn
bng cho 6%kl propylen nhng ch vi
3%kl ph gia thm vo hm lng
propylen tng thm t 5 n 8%kl.
ng xu hng propylen theo thi
gian thy nhit ca cc mu ph gia A,
C, D c cng dc chng t c 3 loi
ph gia ny c bn thy nhit
tng t nhau. Khi thi gian gim hot
tnh tng dn th u nhn thy c st
gim v hm lng propylen c 3 loi
ph gia trn.
C dc ln hn hn ba loi ph
gia A, C, D, ph gia B c bn thy
nhit km nht. Ch sau 4 gi gim
hot tnh bng hi nc, hm lng
propylen thu c gim hn 2%kl
so vi ban u. Thi gian thy nhit
cng di th s st gim propylen
cng mnh v r rt. Ti thi im
thy nhit 20 gi, propylen thu c
ch cn 9%kl.
Nh vy c th thy nu ch da trn chn lc
propylen ca cc loi ph gia mi th vic nh gi hiu
qu s dng ca cc loi ph gia l khng chnh xc. Da
trn hai tiu ch l bn thy nhit v chn lc
propylen th c th xp th t u tin cho cc loi ph gia
nh sau: C > A > D > B.
DU KH - S 4/2011
55
PETROVIETNAM
S

Bng 3. Tnh cht nguyn liu

Hnh 1. nh hng ca thi gian thy nhit
n chn lc propylene
DU KH - S 4/2011
56
3.3. nh hng ca bn thy nhit n tnh cht c
trng ca ph gia ZSM-5
S tng quan gia th tch vi mao qun v thi
gian gim thy nhit c th hin trong Hnh 2. Thi
gian thy nhit cng di th tch vi mao qun gim cng
nhiu. i vi ph gia A, loi c hm lng tinh th cao
nht, 50%, v hai loi ph gia B, C c cng t l ZSM-5
40%, ta nhn thy th tch vi mao qun gim vi tc
kh ln v ngang nhau. Nhng vi ph gia D, loi ch
cha 25% ZSM-5, t l gim nh hn r rt. Nh vy c
th khng nh ph gia cng cha nhiu tinh th ZSM-5
th nh hng ca mi trng thy nhit ti cu trc
tinh th ca ZSM-5 cng ln. Do , cc hng sn xut
xc tc FCC hin nay trn th gii mi ch c kh nng
ch to loi ph gia ZSM-5 c hm lng tinh th ti a
l 50% v khi vt qua ngng ny th bn thy nhit
ca cc loi ph gia gim rt nhanh.
Trong qu trnh thy nhit ZSM-5, mt phn cc tm
nhm hot tnh b mt i do s tn cng ca hi nc,
dn n ph v mt phn cu trc tinh th ca ZSM-5. Ta
cng thy r nh hng ny qua Hnh 3 din t s thay
i v t l din tch b mt zeolite/matrix. Khi thi gian
thy nhit cng di th din tch b mt zeolite cng gim
mnh, din tch b mt matrix li c xu hng tng do
mt phn zeolite b ph v cu trc s b v nh hnh ha
v c chuyn sang dng matrix [7].
bn mi mn ca ph gia cng tng dn cng vi
thi gian gim hot tnh, th hin qua ch s mi mn (ch
s mi mn cng nh th bn mi mn cng ln, Hnh
4). iu ny l do trong qu trnh gim hot tnh xc tc
bng phng php thy nhit cc ht xc tc trong trng
thi tng si thng xuyn va chm vi nhau v di tc
dng ca nhit cao th cc ht xc tc c bn km
b nt, v v b cun theo dng hi nc ra khi thit
b. Do , sau khi gim hot tnh th phn ln cc ht ph
gia mm v nh b loi b v bn mi mn ca hn
hp xc tc cn li tng ln. Tuy nhin nh c th thy
trong Hnh 4, c mt s chnh lch kh ln v bn mi
mn cng nh n nh ca bn mi mn sau khi
gim hot tnh gia cc loi ph gia. Ph gia A v B c
bn mi mn cao hn hn ph gia C v D (ch s mi mn
thp hn) v ch sau 4 gi gim hot tnh cc ht tr
nn rt cng v bn mi mn ca 2 loi ph gia ny
n nh. Trong khi bn mi mn ca ph gia C v D
ch n nh sau thi gian gim hot tnh vo khong 12h.
S khc bit v bn mi mn gia cc loi ph gia c
th do mt s tnh cht vt l ca ph gia nh kch thc,
hnh dng, hnh thi b mt ca cc loi ph gia. Mt
nghin cu ca Boerefijn v cc cng s [8] v bn mi
mn ca xc tc FCC cho thy mi lin h tuyn tnh
gia kch thc ht v bn mi mn ca chng, iu
ny cng d hiu v cc ht c kch thc ln khi chuyn
Hnh 2. nh hng ca thi gian thy nhit n th tch vi mao qun
( : A, : B, : C, : D)
Hnh 3. nh hng ca thi gian gim hot tnh n t l din tch
b mt zeolite/matrix ca ph gia
( : A, : B, : C, : D)
HA - CH BIN DU KH
ng cng mt vn tc s c ng nng ln hn cc ht
c kch thc nh v khi va p s chu mt lc tc ng
ln hn dn n d b v hoc bo mn. C th thy r
rng trn Hnh 4, hai loi ph gia A v B (kch thc ht
trung bnh khong 77m) c bn mi mn cao hn
hn ph gia C v D (kch thc ht trung bnh khong
110m).
Ngoi yu t kch thc ht trung bnh, cn c s
khc bit v hnh dng v hnh thi b mt gia cc loi
ph gia. Hnh 5 biu din nh ca ph gia A v C trc v
sau khi gim hot tnh trong thi gian 4 gi chp bng
thit b knh hin vi in t qut (SEM). Cc ph gia A c
kch thc ht ng u v a s ht c dng hnh cu
u nhau, b mt ca ph gia A rt nhn v t c cc ht
DU KH - S 4/2011
57
PETROVIETNAM
( : A, : B, : C, : D)
Hnh 4. nh hng ca thi gian thy nhit n ch s mi mn
ca ph gia
a) Ph gia A mi
b) Ph gia A sau 4 gi thy nhit
c) Ph gia D mi
d) Ph gia D sau 4 gi thy nhit
Hnh 5. Hnh nh SEM ca ph gia A, D trc v sau 4 gi thy nhit
DU KH - S 4/2011
58
li lm. Sau 4 gi thy nhit, ph gia ny loi b c
phn ln ht li lm v tr nn ng nht hn do
bn mi mn ca ph gia ny n nh ch sau 4 gi
gim hot tnh. Ph gia D c phn b kch thc ht
rng, hn na hnh dng cu ca ht ph gia khng ng
u, cha rt nhiu ht mo v nhiu im li lm, chnh
nhng ht ny khi v p s d b bo mn v v vn dn
n bn mi mn ca ph gia ny thp. Sau 4h thy
nhit, lng ht ny vn cn nhiu nn bn mi mn
ca ph gia D vn cha thc s n nh m vn tip tc
gim theo thi gian gim hot tnh. ng thi bn mi
mn ca ph gia D sau khi gim hot tnh vn km hn
hn ph gia A.
Vic xt yu t bn mi mn trong qu trnh
nh gi ph gia ZSM-5 l ht sc cn thit v n lin
quan n tnh ng nht ca hn hp xc tc, ph gia
trong qu trnh cracking xc tc. Ngoi ra xc tc hay
ph gia c bn mi mn tt cn gip gim c ti
a lng xc tc, ph gia mt mt, tit kim chi ph vn
hnh cho nh my lc du. Hai loi ph gia A v B c tnh
n nh tt hn hn ph gia C v D, hay ni cch khc,
th t u tin chn cc loi ph gia khi xt bn mi
mn l A~ B > C ~ D. Do nu tng hp cc yu t v
chn lc propylen, n nh ca chn lc
propylen v bn mi mn ca cc loi ph gia th 2
loi ph gia A v C c la chn tip tc nh gi
nh hng ca t l ph gia n c cu sn phm ca
phn ng cracking.
3.4. nh hng ca t l ph gia n hm lng
propylen v tr s octan trong xng
Hai loi nguyn liu c dng th nghim trong
phn ny u thuc h parafin. C th thy trong Bng 3,
c trng nguyn liu, hm lng parafin rn ca hai loi
du u rt cao: vi AR1 l 35,55 v ca du AR2 l 42,79.
ng thi tnh parafin ca hai loi du ny cn c th
hin im anilin, ln lt bng 121,4 v 118,6 i vi
du AR1 v AR2. Ph gia c gim hot tnh trong thi
gian 12h trc khi trn vi xc tc cn bng nh gi
hot tnh, chn lc.
th biu din nh hng ca t l ph gia ti
chuyn ha c th hin trn Hnh 6. Vi s thay i
t l ph gia t 0 n 20%kl, chuyn ha tng rt
nhanh t 76%kl n 86%kl vi c hai loi nguyn liu
AR1 v AR2 trn c 2 loi ph gia c th nghim.
chuyn ha khng tng thm khi t l ph gia t n
10%kl. Hin tng ny kh c bit v v mt c ch
ZSM-5 ch chuyn ha cc olefin trong phn on xng
thnh cc olefin mch ngn hn nn v nguyn tc
khng th thay i chuyn ha. Khng nhng vy,
khi t l ZSM-5 qu cao c th lm gim chuyn ha
do hiu ng pha long xc tc. Tuy nhin, hin tng
tng chuyn ha ca phn ng cracking khi s
dng ZSM-5 c th do nguyn liu s dng trong
trng hp ny l nguyn liu giu parafin. Mt nghin
cu ca Dupain v cc cng s [9] s dng hn hp
xc tc cn bng v ph gia ZSM-5 cracking phn
Hnh 6. nh hng ca t l ph gia A v C n chuyn ha trn 2 loi nguyn liu AR1 v AR2
HA - CH BIN DU KH
cn ca cc sn phm t qu trnh tng hp Fischer-
Tropsh l hn hp cc hydrocacbon giu parafin cng
cho thy hin tng tng chuyn ha khi thm
ZSM-5 vo xc tc cn bng. chuyn ha tng ln
trong nghin cu ny l do hm lng sn phm LCO
v HCO gim mnh khi thm ph gia cng gip cho
chuyn ha ca qu trnh tng cao. Thay vo lng
LCO, HCO v xng b hao ht, ta nhn thy lng kh
LPG tng tng ng (Bng 4). Cc kt qu nghin cu
ca Guerzoni v Li cng cho thy parafin mch di
trong phn on LCO, HCO c th b b gy trn ZSM-
5 [10, 11]. y l mt hin tng rt l th v
cn nghin cu thm v thc s nu ph gia
ZSM-5 ngoi vic tng hm lng propylen v
tr s octan ca xng c th lm gim bt lng
HCO v LCO th c th mang li hiu qu kinh t
ln cho cc nh my lc du ch bin cc loi
nguyn liu giu parafin.
Ngoi vic tng chuyn ha th hm
lng propylen trong sn phm ca qu trnh
cracking FCC cng c tng ln rt ln khi s
dng ph gia ZSM-5. Hnh 7 cho thy hm
lng propylen tng tuyn tnh vi t l ph
gia trong khong t 1 n 5%kl i vi c hai
loi du v c hai loi ph gia. Ti 5%kl ph gia,
propylen t ln nht v tng hn 13%kl so vi
ban u vi c hai loi du AR1 v AR2, sau
hm lng ny c xu hng gim nh khi tip
tc tng ph gia n 20%kl.
Nhn vo c cu sn phm trong Bng 4 c
th thy khi t l ph gia/xc tc tng hm lng
kh kh (kh kh bao gm H
2
, C1, C2) tng ln
ng k. Lng kh ny tng do phn ln lng
etylen trong khi hm lng H
2
, C1, etan hu nh
khng i. iu ny cng c gii thch do
zeolite ZSM-5 to iu kin thun li cho qu
trnh cracking ca cc phn t C5= to thnh cc
phn t nh hn l C2= v C3=[12]. Vic to
nhiu kh kh c th nh hng ti b phn Wet
Gas Compressor trong phn xng FCC. Nh vy
qua kt qu kho st c th thy t l ph gia/xc
tc s dng ti a l khong 5% v khi tng t l
cao hn th chn lc propylen bt u gim v
hiu sut kh kh ngy cng tng ln khng c li
v c kinh t ln k thut.
Ngoi vic thay i c cu sn phm ca phn ng
cracking th ph gia ZSM-5 cng nh hng rt ln n tr
s octan ca xng cracking. Hnh 8 cho thy nh hng ca
t l ph gia ZSM-5 n tr s octan ca xng cracking. Khi
tng t l ph gia n 5%, tr s octan c th tng thm 1-
2 n v so vi ban u. Tr s octan tng ln ch yu l do
hm lng aromat trong xng tng ln. Hm lng olefin
ca phn on xng ban u tng nh l do cc
hydrocacbon thuc nhm isoparafin v naphten trong
xng b chuyn ha thnh LPG v kh kh dn n hiu
DU KH - S 4/2011
59
PETROVIETNAM
Hnh 7. nh hng ca t l ph gia A v C n hm lng propylen trn
2 loi nguyn liu AR1 v AR2
DU KH - S 4/2011
60
sut phn on xng gim nhanh khi s dng ph gia.
iu ny th hin r trong Bng 6 khi thnh phn PIONA
ca phn on xng c tnh theo %kl so vi nguyn liu
ban u. C th thy khi thm ph gia th hiu sut phn
on xng v cc thnh phn nh olefin (O), naphten (N),
isoparafin (I) cng gim mnh trong khi hm lng parafin
v aromat gim rt t. iu ny cho thy ngoi olefin th cc
phn t hydrocacbon thuc cc nhm N, I, cng b b gy
trn ph gia ZSM-5. C th do tnh chn lc hnh dng ca
ZSM-5 nn ch nhng hydrocacbon mch ngn thuc
nhm N, I mi b b gy v to thnh cc sn phm kh C3
v C4 thuc phn on LPG. i vi hydrocacbon nhm O
th cc olefin mch di li chim u th trong phn ng
cracking trn ZSM-5 v sn phm ca phn ng cracking
cc olefin ny thng to thnh C3/C4= v 1 olefin mch
ngn trong phn on xng [13]. Ngoi ra phn ng
isomer ha cc olefin mch ngn trong phn on xng
thun li hn so vi phn ng cracking [3] nn hm lng
(%kl) olefin trong phn on xng gim chm hn so vi
hm lng N, I. Hm lng parafin v aromatic gim nh l
do phn ng chuyn dch hydro (olefin + naphten
parafin + aromat) gim i khi hm lng olefin gim [14].
Bng 4 . C cu sn phm v chuyn ha ca hai loi ph gia trn 2 loi nguyn liu AR1
v AR2 ti cc t l ph gia khc nhau
Hnh 8. nh hng ca t l ph gia n tr s octan
trong xng cracking
HA - CH BIN DU KH
Tuy nhin k t t l ph gia/xc tc khong 5% tr ln
th hm lng olefin ca xng gim mnh cng lc hm
lng aromat tng ln ng k. Nguyn nhn l do trong
mi trng giu olefin v t l ZSM-5 ln th qu trnh thm
ha rt d dng xy ra [15]. iu ny cn th hin r cc
t l 10 v 20%kl ph gia, tr s octan tng t bin thm 5
n 6 n v. y c th thy ngoi c cu sn phm th
cht lng sn phm cng thay i ng k khi s dng
ph gia ZSM-5, do vic tnh ton hiu qu kinh t tng
th ca nh my mi cho php xc nh c t l ph gia
ZSM-5 chnh xc cn s dng trong thc t.
DU KH - S 4/2011
61
PETROVIETNAM
Bng 5.Tr s octan v thnh phn P.I.O.N.A ca xng cracking (tnh theo % phn on xng)
trn 2 loi nguyn liu AR1 v AR2 ti cc t l ph gia khc nhau
Bng 6. Hiu sut phn on xng v thnh phn P.I.O.N.A ca xng cracking (tnh theo % nguyn liu) trn 2 loi nguyn liu AR1
v AR2 ti cc t l ph gia khc nhau
DU KH - S 4/2011
62
4. Kt lun
Trong nghin cu ny, nhm tc gi la chn c
2 loi ph gia (A v C) u vit nht trong s 4 loi ph gia
thng mi thng qua cc tiu ch quan trng l c
chn lc propylene, bn thy nhit v bn mi mn
cao. Hm lng ZSM-5 trong ph gia va m bo
bn thy nhit va m bo chn lc propylen l vo
khong t 40-50%.
Cc kt qu kho st nh hng ca t l 2 loi ph
gia c n nh v chn lc propylen cao nht trn
2 loi nguyn liu parafin cho thy t l ph gia/xc tc
ti a c th s dng l vo khong 5%. Ti t l ny hiu
qu s dng ca ph gia l cao nht khi hm lng
propylen thu c l ln nht (19%) m vn m bo
chuyn ha cao. Lng xng thu c tuy c gim so vi
ban u nhng tr s octan trong xng tng ln khong 2
n v lm cht lng xng c ci thin r rt. Ty
thuc vo nhu cu th trng v gi thnh ca cc sn
phm, nh my lc du c th iu chnh t l ph
gia/xc tc s dng trong khong t 1 n 5% ti u
li nhun ca nh my.
Nh vy vic s dng ph gia ZSM-5 tng hiu
sut propylen v tr s octan trong xng vn lun l mt
gii php linh hot v hiu qu. Tuy nhin bc nh gi
bn thy nhit la chn loi ph gia tt nht v vic
tm t l ph gia ph hp trong tng iu kin c th (xc
tc, nguyn liu, cng ngh RFCC) ca tng nh my lc
du v nhu cu ca th trng lun l bc nh gi
khng th thiu trc khi a ph gia vo s dng.
Ti liu tham kho
1. Phan Minh Quc Bnh, L.A.T.o., 2009. Bo co ti
Propylene. Vin Du kh Vit Nam: Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
2. Aitani, A.M., Taylor & Francis, 2006. Propylene
Production. p. 2461-2466.
3. Wallenstein, D. and R.H. Harding, 2001. The depend-
ence of ZSM-5 additive performance on the hydrogen-trans-
fer activity of the REUSY base catalyst in fluid catalytic crack-
ing. Applied Catalysis A: General. 214 (1): p. 11-29.
4. Adewuyi, Y.G., D.J. Klocke, and J.S. Buchanan, 1995.
Effects of high-level additions of ZSM-5 to a fluid catalytic
cracking (FCC) RE-USY catalyst. Applied Catalysis A:
General. 131 (1): p. 121-133.
5. Wallenstein, D., et al., 2000. Recent advances in the
deactivation of FCC catalysts by cyclic propylene steaming
(CPS) in the presence and absence of contaminant metals.
Applied Catalysis A: General. 204 (1): p. 89-106.
6. Blasco, T., A. Corma, and J. Martnez-Triguero, 2006.
Hydrothermal stabilization of ZSM-5 catalytic-cracking
additives by phosphorus addition. Journal of Catalysis. 237
(2): p. 267-277.
7. Rautiainen, E., et al., 2009. Deactivation of ZSM-5
additives in laboratory for realistic testing. Catalysis Today.
140 (3-4): p. 179-186.
8. Boerefijn, R., N.J. Gudde, and M. Ghadiri, 2000. A
review of attrition of fluid cracking catalyst particles. p. 145-
174.
9. Dupain, X., et al., 2006. Production of clean trans-
portation fuels and lower olefins from Fischer-Tropsch
Synthesis waxes under fluid catalytic cracking conditions:
The potential of highly paraffinic feedstocks for FCC.
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 63(3-4): p. 277-295.
10. Li, X., et al., 2007. Effects of Temperature and
Catalyst to Oil Weight Ratio on the Catalytic Conversion of
Heavy Oil to Propylene Using ZSM-5 and USY Catalysts.
Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry. 16(1): p. 92-99.
11. Guerzoni, F.N. and J. Abbot, 1994. Cracking of an
industrial feedstock over combinations of H-ZSM-5 and HY:
The influence of H-ZSM-5 pretreatment. Applied Catalysis A:
General. 120(1): p. 55-69.
12. Buchanan, J.S., J.G. Santiesteban, and W.O. Haag,
1996. Mechanistic considerations in acid-catalyzed cracking
of olefins. Journal of Catalysis. 158(1): p. 279-287.
13. Buchanan, J.S., 1998. Gasoline selective ZSM- FCC
additives: Model reactions of C6-C10 olefins over steamed
55:1 and 450:1 ZSM-5. Applied Catalysis A: General. 171(1):
p. 57-64.
14. Adewuyi, Y.G., 1997. Compositional changes in
FCC gasoline products resulting from high-level additions of
ZSM-5 zeolite to RE-USY catalyst. Applied Catalysis A:
General. 163(1-2): p. 15-29.
15. Liu, C., et al., 2004. Effect of ZSM-5 on the aromati-
zation performance in cracking catalyst. Journal of
Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical. 215(1-2): p. 195-199.
HA - CH BIN DU KH
DU KH - S 4/2011
63
PETROVIETNAM
N
h chng ta u bit, bt u t cui nhng nm
60 ca th k 20, th gii c bo ng tnh
trng cn kit ca cc ngun du kh truyn thng ang
n gn do tc khai thc gia tng qu cao p ng
nhu cu cng nghip ha ton cu ngy cng m rng.
K t trong l thuyt du kh xut hin hin tng
i mi t duy, mt s khi nim truyn thng trong tm
kim, thm d, khai thc mang nhng ni dung mi.
Trong lnh vc cng nghip kh t, vai tr ca loi ti
nguyn ny thay i, n khng ch l ngun nhin liu
cho pht in, pht nhit v nguyn liu cho cng nghip
ha cht m c cho giao thng vn ti di dng nhin
liu lng, thay cho xng du thng thng cng vi s
pht trin vt bc ca cng nghip ha hc kh t. V
ngun cung, kh t khng ch gii hn trong khi nim
kh ng hnh v kh t cc m kh t nhin, m cn c
kh than (CBM), kh hydrat, kh t cc tng st (sau y
gi tt l kh phin st - shale gas)... thm ch trong cc
phng th nghim cc nh khoa hc bt u sn xut
kh t tng hp t kh CO
2
v nc. Vi kh than, kh
phin st v c hydrat, khi nim h thng du kh bao
gm tng sinh, cha, chn ring bit cng mt ngha
cng nh khi nim v by cng khng cn nh c v c
ch cha thay i hon ton. y l nhng vn mi,
ang c nghin cu, hon chnh.
Trong cc loi kh phi truyn thng ni trn, hydrat l
i tng nhin liu tng lai xa, kh than gn lin vi cc
b than ca tng nc, c nc c, c nc khng, cn
kh phin st (hoc st ni chung) dng nh ph bin
rt rng, nc no cng c nn trin vng rt sng sa.
Thng 4/2010 mt t chc mang tn sng kin kh phin
st ton cu - Global Shale Gas Initiatives-GSGI c
thnh lp, cc c quan qun l nng lng ca cc nc
ngay lp tc s dng nghin cu, nh gi loi ti
nguyn ny a vo ngn hng tr lng nng lng
quc gia, nhm nhanh chng khai thc p ng nhu cu
pht trin kinh t ca h v nng lng mi, nng lng
ti to d rt c coi trng nhng chc chn cn lu mi
thay th c du kh. EIA cho bit hin nay vic nghin
cu nh gi tim nng v tr lng kh phin st ang
c tin hnh nhiu quc gia di s bo tr ca GSGI,
ni bt 2 nhm nc:
+ Nhm th nht bao gm nhng nc c nhu cu
ln v kh t nhng ph thuc nhiu vo ngun kh
nhp khu nh Php, Ba Lan, Th Nh K, Ukraina, Nam
Phi, Maroc, Chile, Cc nc ny c mt phn c s h
tng ca cng nghip kh, ti nguyn kh phin st ni a
c d bo ln hn nhiu so vi nhu cu trung hn v
di hn. Ring Nam Phi cn hy vng dng kh phin st
lm nguyn liu cho cc nh my ch bin nhin liu lng
t kh t truyn thng hoc t than m h ang nm
gi cng ngh.
+ Nhm th hai bao gm nhng nc d bo c tr
lng kh phin st ln hn 200tcf nh M, Canada,
Mexico, Trung Quc, Australia, Libya, Algeria, Argentina,
Brazil
Cc nc khc nh Nga, Trung , Trung Cn ng,
Trung Phi, ng Nam cha trin khai cng tc ny c
l v h c tr lng kh t t nhin ln nn khng quan
tm n cc loi kh t phi truyn thng.
Theo OGJ on line ngy 6/4/2011 th lng kh phin
st c th thu hi bng cng ngh hin nay c
Advanced Resources Internationl Inc (ARI) nh gi ban
u ti 70 thnh to phin st v st thuc 48 b trm
tch 32 nc l 5.760 Tcf. Ring nc M l 862 Tcf
(khng nm trong danh sch 32 nc ni trn). EIA cng
cho bit ti nguyn kh t truyn thng c th thu hi
bng cng ngh hin c ti thi im 1/1/2010 ca ton
th gii l 16.000 Tcf trong tr lng xc minh (thng
mi, khai thc c li) l 6.609 Tcf, cn hin nay tng tr
lng l 22.600 Tcf. Nh vy tr lng kh t ton cu gia
tng thng qua nh gi kh phin st t hn 40%.
Chnh s tin b k thut v i mi t duy, chuyn
hng mnh m sang i tng kh phin st ny gip
Ti nguyn kh t t phin st:
Ngun nng lng phi truyn thng
ang rt c coi trng
(Xem tip trang 81)
DU KH - S 4/2011
64
Nng lng gi, mt tri gi thnh vn qu cao
T lu cc nh hoch nh chnh sch nhn ra
rng, cc ngun nng lng mi l c bit cn thit
b p cho cc ngun nng lng hin c ang
ngy cng cn kit nhanh chng v gim thiu
lng kh thi gy hiu ng nh knh lm thay i kh
hu ton cu. Trn thc t, nng lng gi v mt tri
hin c v tr quan trng trong i sng kinh t -
x hi mt s khu vc trn th gii. Mt s gii
php nng lng mi khc cng pht trin kh
nhanh hoc ang c th nghim.
Theo bo co ca Hi ng Nng lng Gi
ton cu, (GWEC), ngnh nng lng gi th gii
nm 2008 tng trng 28,8%. Ngun in c
sn xut t gi hin chim khong 1,5% tng sn
lng in ton cu. Hin c 80 nc ang khai
thc ngun nng lng gi vi mc ch thng
mi. M hin l quc gia ng u v cng sut
in gi vi 8.545 MW, tip theo l Trung Quc vi
6.300 MW. Hai nc ny chim khong 30% tng
sn lng 120,8 MW ca ton cu nm 2008, in
gi chim 42% sn lng cc ngun thay th M
v 1/3 cc nc chu .
Ngy 03/05/2010, Ngn hng Pht trin chu
(ADB) cng b Sng kin Nng lng Mt tri
chu (ASEI) vi mc tiu xc nh v pht trin
nhng d n nng lng Mt tri cng sut ln
nhm sn xut khong 3.000 MW in trong vng 3
nm ti. ADB d nh cung cp 2,25 t USD ti
tr cho sng kin ASEI, ng thi hy vng con s
ny s tng thm 6,75 t USD vo nm 2012. Tuy
nhin, gi thnh cao l cn tr ng k n tc
pht trin ca loi nng lng sch ny.
Nhin liu sinh hc mu thun vi an ninh lng
thc
Cc chuyn gia d bo n nm 2030, nhin liu
sinh hc c th chim 7% nhu cu nng lng ton
pht trin nng lng mi
Trin vng
Cc chuyn gia nng lng
quc t u c chung nhn nh
rng, kh c th hnh dung bc
tranh nng lng th gii trong
khun kh na u th k XXI. Bi
ngun cung t nhin liu ha
thch ang cn kit nhanh
chng, ngun nng lng ti to
cha c sn xut v s dng
ph bin, trong khi nn kinh t
th gii pht trin nng, lnh
bt thng. Do vy, nng lng
ca th k ch c th l nng
lng mi. Tuy nhin, nng lng
mi vn ang l bi ton kh ca
th gii ng i.
DU KH TH GII
DU KH - S 4/2011
65
PETROVIETNAM
cu. Th trng nhin liu sinh hc v nhin liu thay
th ang c xu hng pht trin mnh ti nhiu nc
trn th gii. Sn lng nhin liu sinh hc tng gp
2 ln trong giai on 2000 - 2005 trong bi cnh tri t
ang nng ln do s dng qu nhiu nhin liu ha
thch. Brazil, nn kinh t ln nht Nam M, c th sn
xut lng ethanol thay th 10% nhu cu xng
du th gii trong 20 nm ti, so vi 3 t lt hin nay.
Trong khi , EU thc hin ch trng khuyn khch
s dng nhin liu sinh hc v hng ti mc tiu
nhin liu sinh hc chim 5,75% tng lng xng du
bn ra trong nm 2010. Chnh ph Anh yu cu cc
cng ty du kh Shell v BP n ht nm 2010 phi c
khi lng nhin liu sinh hc chim 5% khi lng
nhin liu m h bn ra.
Ti chu , Malaysia v Indonesia sn xut nhin
liu sinh hc t cc loi cy ng, ma, u tng, ht c
du, cy c, v bo v c phn ng vt. Nht Bn tiu
th nng lng ln th ba th gii, sau M v Trung
Quc, c th tr thnh quc gia i u trong vic nhp
khu nhin liu sinh hc.
D nhin liu sinh hc th h mi c nhng li ch
to ln hn so vi nhin liu sinh hc hin nay nh vo
sn lng nng lng v ngun nguyn liu khng
dng lm lng thc, nhng vn ch l nghin cu
v p n vn cn ng. Bi l, m rng din tch t
trng cy cung cp nguyn liu cho ngnh sn xut
nng lng sinh hc, ng ngha vi s thu hp vng
t nng nghip, trong khi an ninh lng thc hin l
mt trong nhng vn ton cu nng nht.
Mt khc, nu s dng t cha khai ph trng
cy cung cp nguyn liu cho sn xut nhin liu sinh
hc, c th lm tng thm nhng mi lo ngi v mi
trng v khng ch nh hng n a dng sinh thi.
Theo cc nh khoa hc, nhin liu sinh hc thi t CO
2
ra bu kh quyn hn l du, kh t hay than ang
b khai thc n cn kit, nhng s cn bng ny s b
ph v khi s dng t ng c hoc ph rng s sn
sinh ra mt lng CO
2
ng k v lng kh thi ny s
tch t trong t, trong cy ci. V vy, sau cuc khng
hong kinh t ton cu ln ny v nht l tnh hnh hin
nay, khi nguy c mt an ninh lng thc lun cn k th
vic pht trin nng lng sinh hc c ngun gc t
lng thc cng ny sinh mu thun mi cn c
quan tm tho ng.
Tit kim nng lng vn l gii php phi lm ngay
Ti chu , theo kho cu thng nin v kinh t v
x hi khu vc chu - Thi Bnh Dng, do U ban kinh
t - x hi Lin hp quc cng b ngy 06/05/2010,
Trung Quc ang ng vai tr ngy cng quan trng
trong vic thc y cng ngh xanh. Nm 2009, Trung
Quc u t 34,6 t USD cho nng lng sch, tng
hn 50% so vi nm 2008, a nc ny tr thnh nh
u t ln nht th gii trong cng ngh tit kim nng
lng. Trong khi , Hn Quc d nh bm 84 t USD
vo cc ngnh cng nghip thn thin vi mi trng.
Theo cc chuyn gia kinh t, p ng nhu cu
ngy cng tng v nng lng ton cu, cn phi pht
trin nhanh cc ngun nng lng thay th, iu c
ngha l cn u t hng nghn t USD mi c th m
bo a nhanh cc kt qu nghin cu mi nht ca
cc phng th nghim ng dng vo sn xut vi quy
m thng mi, nhng iu ny thc hin cha c
nhiu nh mong mun. Thay vo , cc cng ty nng
lng ln u ang s dng nhng khon li nhun
khng l nh gi nng lng tng cao vo cc k hoch
khai thc cc ngun du kh Alaska, Bc cc, vnh
Mexico, i Ty Dng Theo , kt qu thu c v
du v kh khng tng xng vi s tin b ra trong khi
tin trnh tm kim ngun nng lng thay th li din
ra chm chp.
Nh vy, theo nhn nh ca cc chuyn gia, xu
hng gi du tng s tip tc trong thi gian ti, do
vic khai thc du s ngy cng kh khn hn; cc l do
khc v chnh tr v cng ngh, cng s lm hn ch
ngun cung du m Hn na, tr lng du m
c xc nh l ch c hn. Do vy, d khoa hc cng
ngh pht trin khng ngng, nhng vic tm kim
nng lng mi thay th du m t nht cng phi mt
t 20 - 25 nm na. V th, cuc tranh chp du m s
cn din bin phc tp v bin ng v gi du tip tc
nh hng n nn kinh t ton cu.
Nguyn Nhm
DU KH - S 4/2011
66
TIN TC - S KIN
TIN TRONG NGNH
N
gy 26/4/2011, ti H Ni, Tp on Du kh Vit
Nam v i hc M - a cht t chc L k
tha thun hp tc trong cng tc o to v nghin cu
khoa hc giai on 2011 - 2015 v khnh thnh Phng th
nghim du kh khi thng ngun ca Trng. Tham d
bui l c TS. inh La Thng - y vin BCH Trung ng
ng, B th ng y, Ch tch HTV Tp on; PGS.TS.
Trn Quang Qu - Th trng B Gio dc v o to;
PGS.TS. Trn nh Kin - Hiu trng i hc M - a cht;
TS. Nguyn Vn Minh - Ch tch Hi ng KHCN Tp on
Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam; cc Ph Tng gim c Tp
on Du kh Vit Nam, lnh o cc Ban v cc n v
thnh vin ca Tp on
Mc tiu ca tha thun hp tc trong giai on 2011
- 2015 l tip tc nng cao cht lng o to ngun
nhn lc cht lng cao phc v cho s pht trin ca
Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam Bn cnh , tha thun cn
nhm pht trin, nng cao mi quan h hp tc v o
to, nghin cu khoa hc, chuyn giao cng ngh, phc
v sn xut gia hai bn trong lnh vc tm kim, thm d,
khai thc, ch bin v thng mi du kh; hp tc nng
cao trnh chuyn mn cho i ng cn b ging dy,
cn b qun l, cn b k thut ca hai bn...
Theo , trong giai on t nm 2011 - 2015, hai bn
tip tc hp tc trong cc lnh vc sau: o to sinh vin
cc chuyn ngnh du kh, xy dng chng trnh o
to, phi hp bin son v ng gp kin vo vic bin
son cc gio trnh, sch tham kho. H tr sinh vin
trong thc tp sn xut, thc tp tt nghip, tuyn chn
sinh vin sau khi tt nghip. Cn b ca Tp on Du kh
Vit Nam tham gia ging dy cho sinh vin, hc vin sau
i hc; phi hp t chc v tham gia o to nng cao
nng lc chuyn mn nghip v cho cn b khoa hc k
thut, cn b ging dy, cn b nghin cu; o to thc
s, tin s cc chuyn ngnh du kh v cc chuyn ngnh
lin quan. Bn cnh , t chc cc kho hc ngn hn, t
chc cc chuyn hi tho chung; b tr cn b ging
dy ca i hc M - a cht lm vic ti cc n v sn
xut v nghin cu ca Tp on. ng thi, hai bn phi
hp xy dng cc chng trnh nghin cu khoa hc v
c ch hp l thu ht cn b c nng lc tham gia
nghin cu khoa hc cng ngh; s dng cc trang thit
b, c s hin c phc v cho cng tc o to v nghin
cu khoa hc, chuyn giao cng ngh p ng nhu cu
ca thc t sn xut kinh doanh.
PGS.TS. L Hi An - Ph Hiu trng i hc M - a
cht cho bit: Trong giai on 2007 - 2010, Tp on Du
kh Vit Nam v i hc M - a cht trin khai tha
thun hp tc trong cng tc o to v nghin cu khoa
hc. i hc M - a cht tham gia hiu nh bo co
nh gi tim nng du kh l Tanit v Guellala v
Nghin cu c tnh tng cha l Tanit v Guellala, vnh
Gabe, Tunissia cho PVEP; tham d v ng gp bo co
cho Hi ngh khoa hc Vin Du kh Vit Nam - 30 nm
pht trin v hi nhp, Hi ngh KHCN Quc t: Du kh
Vit Nam 2010: Tng tc pht trin cng cc hi tho
chuyn mn. Trong cng tc o to, t nm 2007 n
2010, i hc M a cht o to cho Tp on Du
kh Vit Nam 7 tin s, 39 thc s v trn 300 k s Tp
on Du kh Vit Nam h tr cn b tham gia cng tc
ging dy ti i hc M - a cht; ti tr gn 7 t ng
u t trang thit b Phng th nghim du kh khi
thng ngun; Vin Du kh Vit Nam ti tr thit b th
nghim cho b mn Lc ha du; Vietsovpetro ti tr
thit b lm m hnh th nghim cho b mn Khoan khai
thc v b mn Thit b du kh. Bn cnh , Tp on
Du kh Vit Nam v cc n v thnh vin trao tng
230 sut hc bng tr gi gn 1 t ng cho cc sinh vin
Khoa Du kh v Khoa Kinh t qun tr doanh nghip c
kt qu hc tp xut sc.
Tp on Du kh Vit Nam v i hc M - a cht:
Tng cng hp tc trong cng tc o to v nghin cu khoa hc
Hi Anh
L k tha thun hp tc trong cng tc o to v nghin cu
khoa hc giai on 2011 - 2015 gia i hc M - a cht v Tp
on Du kh Vit Nam. nh: Vn Khoa
DU KH - S 4/2011
67
PETROVIETNAM
H
i ch Thng mi Quc t Vit Nam ln th 21 -
Vietnam Expo 2011 vi ch Vit Nam: Hi
nhp v pht trin, do B Cng Thng ch tr chnh
thc khai mc sng ngy 6/4/2011 ti Trung tm Trin lm
Vit Nam (Ging V, H Ni). y l mt trong nhng hot
ng xc tin thng mi c ngha quan trng ca
ngnh thng mi Vit Nam nhm gp phn thc hin
nh hng pht trin kinh t t nc. Vietnam Expo
2011 c quy m ln nht t trc ti nay c t chc vi
850 gian hng tiu chun, trong c 500 gian hng ca
350 doanh nghip Vit Nam v 350 gian hng ca 287
doanh nghip nc ngoi.
Gian trin lm ca Tp on Du kh Vit Nam vi
thit k hin i th hin s bn vng v pht trin,
ng thi vi tng thn thin vi mi trng ca
Ngnh cng nghip Du kh l mt cy xanh vn cao
khi gian hng. Gian hng cng thu ht s quan tm
ca on i biu cng nh khch tham quan vi cc
hin vt c th, tiu biu nh m hnh gin khoan ca PV
Drilling, cc m hnh tu dch v ca PTSC, cc sn phm
xng du NMLD Dung Qut, cc sn phm kh ca PV
GAS, sn phm phn bn ca PVFCCo...
Ti trin lm, cc sn phm ca NMLD Dung Qut
gm xng Mogas A92, Mogas A95, du diesel t, du
ha, nhin liu bay Jet A1, du t l, kh ha lng LPG,
kh ha lng Propylene v ht nha Polypropylen t Huy
chng vng Hi ch Thng mi Quc t Vit Nam
(Vietnam Expo 2011). y l gii thng c Hi ng
xt thng Nh nc gm B Cng Thng v B Khoa
hc v Cng ngh trao tng cho cc sn phm t cht
lng cao v c kh nng cnh tranh trn th trng
trong nc v quc t.
Cc doanh nghip ca Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam tham d
Vietnam Expo 2011
Khi Nguyn
Gian hng ca Petrovietnam ti trin lm
Vietnam Expo 2011. nh: CTV
Quy hoch tng th pht trin ngnh cng nghip kh Vit Nam
T
h tng Chnh ph va k
quyt nh ph duyt Quy
hoch tng th pht trin Ngnh
cng nghip kh Vit Nam giai on
n nm 2015, nh hng n nm
2025. Quy hoch do Trung tm
Nghin cu Kinh t v Qun l Du
kh - Vin Du kh Vit Nam thc hin
di s ch o ca B Cng Thng.
Quy hoch tng th pht trin
ngnh cng nghip kh Vit Nam
giai on n nm 2015, nh
hng n nm 2025 nhm pht
trin ng b, hiu qu ngnh cng
nghip kh thng qua vic pht huy
ni lc v y mnh hp tc quc
t; pht huy vai tr ch o ca Nh
nc trong vic u t c s h
tng cng nghip kh. Quy hoch
nu r vic pht trin ngnh cng
nghip kh trn nguyn tc s dng
tit kim, hiu qu, hp l ngun ti
nguyn trong nc, tng cng
nhp khu nhm m bo ngun
nng lng pht trin t nc bn
vng; y mnh u t ch bin, a
dng ha sn phm nhm nng cao
gi tr s dng ca kh v hiu qu
sn phm kh trong nn kinh t,
gim thiu t trng LPG nhp khu.
Vic pht trin c s h tng trn
nguyn tc s dng ti a cng sut
h thng h tng hin hu; pht
trin th trng tiu th kh theo c
ch th trng c s iu tit ca
Nh nc, tng bc hi nhp vi
th trng kh khu vc v th gii.
Vic pht trin ngnh cng nghip
kh gp phn m bo an ninh nng
lng di hn cho t nc v thc
hin chnh sch pht trin bn vng.
Quyt nh c hiu lc thi hnh t
ngy 30/3/2011.
Ngc Linh
Bn Qui hoch tng th pht trin
cng nghip kh Vit Nam n nm
2015, nh hng n nm 2025
DU KH - S 4/2011
68
TIN TC - S KIN
N
gy 15/4/2011, ti H Ni, Tp
on Du kh Vit Nam t
chc Hi ngh tng kt cng tc php
ch giai on 2001 - 2010, s kt thc
hin Quy ch s dng nhn hiu Tp
on Du kh Vit Nam v nh hng
hot ng cng tc php ch trong giai
on 2011 - 2015. ng Hong Xun
Hng - Ph Ch tch HTV Tp on Du
kh Vit Nam; ng L Minh Hng - Ph
Tng gim c Tp on Du kh Vit
Nam; ng inh Vn Sn - Trng Ban
Lut v Quan h quc t ch tr Hi ngh.
Trong thi gian qua, cng tc php
ch ti Tp on tp trung vo vic son
tho, m phn v hon thin cc vn
bn hp ng, tho thun ca Tp on
vi cc i tc trong v ngoi nc; ph
bin, gio dc, xy dng t sch php lut p dng
kp thi vo hot ng sn xut kinh doanh; r sot, kim
tra v h thng ho vn bn qui phm php lut lin
quan n cc lnh vc hot ng ca Tp on; xy
dng, cng c t chc php ch v nng cao nng lc
ca cn b lm cng tc php ch; t vn gii quyt
khiu ni, tranh chp pht sinh trong qu trnh thc hin
hp ng, tho thun ca Tp on vi cc i tc
Hi ngh nghe mt s tham lun, xut cc
gii php nhm cng c, hon thin v y mnh
cng tc php ch doanh nghip ti Tp on trong
thi gian ti: Trong , cc kin tp trung vo vic
thng qua cc cu ni a dng, kp thi c nhng
ting ni nht nh vi cc c quan Nh nc iu
chnh chnh sch lin quan ph hp vi thc tin sn
xut kinh doanh ca Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam cng
nh ca doanh nghip; tng cng trao i thng tin,
kinh nghim c nhng h tr php l hiu qu
phc v cng tc php ch ca Tp on; tng cng
cng tc o to, tp hun i vi cc cn b lm
cng tc php ch
Pht biu ch o ti Hi ngh, Th trng B T
php inh Trung Tng nh gi cao hot ng cng
tc php ch trong Tp on Du kh Vit Nam. T khi
Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh 122/2004/N-CP, h
thng b phn php ch ca cc n v trong Tp on
Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam , ang c cng c v
pht huy c vai tr ca mnh, ng gp khng nh
vo vic a Tp on Du kh Vit Nam thnh u tu
kinh t ca t nc, l mt trong nhng cng c hu
hiu iu tit kinh t v m ca Chnh ph.
Tng kt Hi ngh, Ph Tng gim c Tp on
Du kh Vit Nam L Minh Hng nhn mnh: cng
tc php ch ngy cng c cng c, pht trin v
chiu su, p ng c nhng yu cu ca hot ng
sn xut kinh doanh trong iu kin cnh tranh ngy
cng gay gt ca thi k m ca hi nhp kinh t quc
t hin nay, bo v v qung b c thng hiu v uy
tn Tp on Du kh Vit Nam trong v ngoi nc, t
chc v hot ng php ch cn c quan tm v y
mnh hn. c th ca hot ng du kh mang tnh
quc t cao, s dng cng ngh hin i ca nhiu
nc trn th gii, do i hi cng tc php ch phi
hi nhp rng hn, su hn. Trong thi gian ti, Tp
on s tip tc kin ton b my lm cng tc php
ch, tng cng cng tc o to, qun trit n lnh
o cc n v coi php ch nh mt cng c c lc
trong iu hnh, qun l doanh nghip. ng thi, Tp
on tng cng cng tc qun l v s dng thng
hiu, xy dng thng hiu Petrovietnam thnh biu
tng sc mnh ca nn kinh t, nim t ho ca dn
tc Vit Nam.
Cng ti Hi ngh, 7 tp th v 23 c nhn c thnh
tch xut sc trong cng tc php ch trong giai on
2004 - 2010 c trao tng Bng khen ca Tng
gim c Tp on Du kh Vit Nam.
Hi ngh tng kt cng tc php ch Tp on Du kh Vit Nam
Vit H
Th trng B T php inh Trung Tng pht biu ch o ti Hi ngh tng kt cng
tc php ch. nh: Hong Tun
DU KH - S 4/2011
69
PETROVIETNAM
N
gy 21/4/2011, Cng ty TNHHMTV Lc ha du
Bnh Sn (BSR) t chc Hi tho chuyn su
v cng tc an ton sc khe mi trng v phng
chng chy n ti NMLD Dung Qut. ng Nguyn Hoi
Giang - Tng gim c BSR cho rng, Hi tho ln ny l
dp Nh my Lc du Dung Qut v cc n v thnh
vin trao i kinh nghim, a ra cc gii php m
bo an ton lao ng, phng chy cha chy cng nh
i ph cc thm ha thin tai nu xy ra. NMLD Dung
Qut c thit k vi cng ngh hin i s dng hn
800 thit b bn b chu p, hn 5.000 km ng ng
cng ngh v 4.000 thit b s dng cho h thng bo,
cha chy t ng/dng khn cp. Do , cng tc bo
m an ton, phng chng chy n ti Nh my lun
c t ln hng u.
Ti Hi ngh, hng trm chuyn gia, k s trong nc,
quc t nghe 11 tham lun xoay quanh mt s ni
dung nh: cng tc m bo an ton v phng chng
chy n NMLD Dung Qut; vn hnh NMLD nhm m
bo an ton v bo v mi trng; h thng qun l HSE
NMLD Dung Qut; qun l, x l cht thi rn, cht thi
nguy hi pht sinh trong qu trnh vn hnh v bo
dng NMLD; m bo, duy tr tin cy ca cc thit b
an ton cng ngh NMLD Dung Qut; xy dng bn
n mn kim tra v gim st n mn ti NMLD Dung
Qut; cng tc sn sng ng ph s c trn du NMLD
Dung Qut; cng tc tun tra kim sot m bo an ninh,
an ton cho NMLD
Trc , BSR t chc l k hp ng bo dng
tng th ln u Nh my Lc du (NMLD) Dung Qut.
Cng tc bo dng tng th ln u NMLD Dung Qut
c chia thnh nhiu hng mc thc hin gm: cc
phn xng cng ngh; cc phn xng nng lng, ph
tr v cc hng mc ngoi vi; bo dng Nh my sn
xut ht nha Polypropylene (PP) v cng nhp du th
SPM. D kin s c hng nghn chuyn gia, nhn cng
trong nc v quc t tham gia thc hin cng tc ny
trong khong 2 thng (d kin bt u t gia thng
7/2011).
Tng cng cng tc bo m an ton cho NMLD Dung Qut
Minh S
T
ng cng ty Phn bn v Ha cht Du kh -
CTCP (PVFCCo) cho bit, PVFCCo chun b tin
hnh t bo dng ln Nh my m Ph M. y l
t bo dng nh k theo k hoch ca nm 2011,
d kin bt u t ngy 15/5/2011 vi thi gian bo
dng l 30 ngy. D kin, Nh my m Ph M s
hot ng tr li 100% cng sut khng mun hn
ngy 16/6/2011. Theo k hoch bo dng, tng cng
c 366 hng mc (thit b c kh, thit b iu khin - t
ng ha, thit b in) c thc hin bo dng
trong t ny ti 4 xng: amoniac (NH
3
), urea, ph tr
v sn phm.
Tng cng ty ch ng c k hoch chun b chu
o cho t bo dng ln ny c v mt k thut v
tng cng nhp khu p ng nhu cu ca th
trng. V k thut, t Qu III/2010, Tng cng ty lp
k hoch chun b cng tin trin khai, gim st chi
tit cc hng mc cng vic m bo vic bo
dng c tin hnh an ton, m bo cht lng k
thut v ng tin . V vic p ng nhu cu phn
m ca th trng m trc mt l v H Thu, Tng
cng ty v ang tch cc trin khai nhp khu b
p lng thiu ht do Nh my dng sn xut. Lng
hng nhp khu ca Tng cng ty bt u c a
vo h thng kp thi phc v cho th trng. ng
thi, Tng cng ty v cc cng ty thnh vin lun theo
di st tnh hnh thi tit, nng v, th trng c cc
quyt sch chnh xc v kp thi, nhm mt mt p
ng nhu cu phn bn trong nc, mt khc t hiu
qu kinh t ti u.
Chun b tin hnh t bo dng ln Nh my m Ph M
Thy Nguyn
Hi tho chuyn su v cng tc an ton sc khe mi trng v
phng chng chy n ti NMLD Dung Qut. nh: CTV
DU KH - S 4/2011
70
TIN TC - S KIN
V
a qua, Tng cng ty Phn bn v Ha cht Du
kh - CTCP (PVFCCo) v Cng ty TNHH MTV m
C Mau (PVCFC) tin hnh k kt cc tha thun v
chun b th trng v tiu th sn phm urea ht c ca
Nh my m C Mau. Theo cc vn bn c k kt,
nhm tiu th tt sn phm urea ht c l loi sn phm
cn mi m i vi tp qun canh tc nng nghip ca
Vit Nam, pha PVCFC thu PVFCCo thc hin vic chun
b th trng cho sn phm urea ht c, cng vic ny
c tin hnh trong thi gian t thng 4/2011 cho n
khi Nh my m C Mau c sn phm thng mi. Song
song vi vic k kt Tha thun khung v chun b th
trng, PVCFC cng giao cho PVFCCo tiu th sn phm
urea ht c ca Nh my m C Mau thng qua Hp
ng khung c thi hn 2 nm.
Sau khi Nh my m C Mau i vo hot ng, cng
vi sn lng tng ng ca Nh my m Ph M,
lng phn m do PVFCCo phn phi s p ng ti
80% nhu cu phn m ni a. PVFCCo l doanh nghip
s 1 ca Vit Nam v sn xut v kinh doanh phn bn,
hin l ch s hu Nh my m Ph M cng sut
800.000 tn urea ht trong/nm, p ng khong 50%
nhu cu urea trong nc thng qua mng li phn phi
rng khp c nc.
Chun b th trng v tiu th sn phm ca Nh my m C Mau
Ngy 20/4/2011, ti H Ni, Vin Du kh Vit Nam
(VPI) cng Tng cng ty Du, kh v Kim loi Quc gia
Nht Bn (JOGMEC) k tha thun hp tc nghin cu
chung v kh nng p dng cng ngh kh ha lng Nht
Bn (Japan - GTL) cho ngun kh t nhin ca Tp on
Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam - giai on II. Vin trng Vin
Du kh Vit Nam Phan Ngc Trung v Gim c Ban
Nghin cu v Pht trin Cng ngh JOGMEC Hirokazu
Tada i din hai bn k tha thun hp tc ny.
T nm 2007, Tp on Du kh Vit Nam, Vin Du kh
Vit Nam v JOGMEC hp tc cng nhau thc hin mt
nghin cu ban u v kh nng ng dng cng ngh
Japan - GTL cho ngun kh t nhin ca Petrovietnam. Tp
on Du kh Vit Nam giao cho Vin Du kh Vit Nam
phi hp cng JOGMEC trin khai thc hin d n ny.
Giai on I ca d n c hon thnh nm 2009 v cho
thy nhng kt qu nghin cu kh quan.
TS. Phan Ngc Trung - Vin trng Vin Du kh Vit
Nam cho bit: Cn c vo kt qu tt p ca giai on 1,
Tp on Du kh Vit Nam ng cho VPI v JOGMEC
trin khai thc hin giai on 2 ca d n. Phm vi hot
ng trong giai on ny bao gm: cp nht bo co d
n t giai on u theo tha thun ca JOGMEC v
Petrovietnam nm 2007; sp xp mt k hoch kh thi
thng qua cc nghin cu sau y: xc nh cc ngun
kh t mc tiu, c tnh u t xy dng nh my;
phng n sn xut v tiu th khi cc nh my i vo
hot ng; nh gi hiu qu kinh t v u t; thit lp
cc mc tin c th. Trong giai on ny, hai bn s
tin hnh nghin cu kh nng xy dng nh my GTL
cng ngh Nht Bn quy m nh (cng sut 500
thng/ngy), quy m trung bnh (cng sut 2.000 - 3.000
thng/ngy) v chun b d n GTL thng mi trong
tng lai...
VPI v JOGMEC xy dng v duy tr quan h tt
p thng qua cc hot ng o to, thc hin nghin
cu chung v t chc cc hi tho k thut trong nhng
nm qua. TS. Phan Ngc Trung hy vng rng vic k kt
tha thun ny s gp phn m rng v tng cng mi
quan h hp tc chin lc gia JOGMEC v VPI trn c s
hai bn cng c li, ng thi thc y hn na quan h
hp tc Vit Nam - Nht Bn trong lnh vc pht trin
cng nghip du kh.
K tha thun hp tc nghin cu chung v kh nng p dng
cng ngh GTL Nht Bn cho ngun kh t nhin ca Petrovietnam
Thi Sn
Cng ngh GTL Nht Bn (Japan - GTL) c JOGMEC v Hip hi nghin
cu cng ngh GTL Nippon nghin cu, pht trin. Cng ngh ny c
th nghim ti Nh my GTL Nht Bn Niigata v sn xut ra sn phm
naphtha, kerosene, gasoil t kh t nhin c cha CO
2
. c im chnh ca
cng ngh ny l p dng reforming hi nc (H
2
O)/CO
2
trong sn xut kh
tng hp m quy trnh ny c th s dng hiu qu CO
2
trong kh t nhin
v sn xut kh tng hp (c kh nng x l trc tip CO
2
n 40% mol).
Cng ngh GTL - Nht Bn c xem l cng ngh kh hiu qu trong vic
gp phn bo v v a dng ha ngun nhin liu thay th, c d on
s lm tng t trng sn xut nhin liu lng ton cu trong tng lai, gp
phn bo v mi trng. ( bit thm chi tit, Qu c gi c th tham
kho trn Tp ch Du kh s 10/2010, trang 54 - 59).
L k tha thun hp tc nghin cu chung gia VPI v JOGMEC
trin khai giai on II d n Japan - GTL. nh: Vn Khoa
Vit H
DU KH - S 4/2011
71
PETROVIETNAM
M
i y, ti Tp. Nng, Cng ty Du kh Hong
Long - Hon V JOCs t chc Hi tho rt kinh
nghim trong chin dch khoan nm 2010 v ra phng
hng, bin php ci tin nhm trin khai hiu qu cc
chin dch khoan trong thi gian ti. Ti Hi tho, Cng ty
Tu Dch v Du kh (PTSC Marine) vinh d nhn c
phn thng ghi nhn, nh gi cao cng tc cung cp
tu dch v phc v chin dch khoan cho Cng ty Hong
Long - Hon V JOCs ti m C Ng Vng Block 9-2 v m
T Gic Trng Block 16-1 trong nm 2010. Vic m bo cc
tu dch v hot ng an ton, hiu qu p ng mi yu
cu ca khch hng trong sut chin dch khoan gp
phn khng nh ti s thnh cng chin dch.
Trc , PTSC Marine t chc thnh cng Hi
tho An ton (Safety Forum) nm 2011 nhm nh gi,
tng kt li kt qu cng tc qun l an ton trong nm
2010, trao i, chia s kinh nghim v cng tc qun l an
ton vi cc i tc, bn hng trong qu trnh hot ng
sn xut v a ra nh hng, ch tiu cho cng tc an
ton ca PTSC Marine trong thi gian ti. Hi tho i n
nht tr hng ti mt s quan tm, l lm sao
ngi lao ng, tu thuyn c an ton hn cng nh
mi trng v bin c ngy cng sch s hn, trong xanh
hn (Safer Lives, Safer Ships and Cleaner Seas). Gim c
PTSC Marine Quc Hoan khng nh dch v ca PTSC
Marine c hm lng k thut cao, do vic m bo
cng tc an ton, sc khe, mi trng cho sn phm
dch v lun c t ln v tr hng u. y cng l con
ng PTSC Marine nng cao sc cnh tranh trn th
trng cung cp tu dch v du kh trong v ngoi nc.
Cng tc cung cp tu dch v phc v chin dch khoan ti m C
Ng Vng Block 9-2 v m T Gic Trng Block 16-1 c nh gi cao
Hng Nhung
Gin khoan ti m C Ng Vng. nh: CTV
N
gy 22/4/2011, ti H Ni, Trung tm Nghin cu
Tm kim Thm d v Khai thc Du kh (trc
thuc Vin Du kh Vit Nam) v Cng ty Nng lng in
t Hn Quc (SK Energy) k bin bn ghi nh tho
thun hp tc trong lnh vc tm kim thm d du kh (E
& P business). Tham d v chng kin l k c TS.Phan
Tin Vin - Ph Trng Ban Tm kim - Thm d Tp on
Du kh Vit Nam; PGS.TS. Nguyn Trng Tn - Ph Vin
trng Vin Du kh Vit Nam cng i din cc bn lin
quan
Pht biu ti l k, TS. Trnh Xun Cng - Gim c
Trung tm Nghin cu Tm kim Thm d v Khai thc Du
kh cho bit: Sau nhiu cuc gp g, trao i c t chc
hai bn tm hiu c hi hp tc, SK Energy v VPI - EPC
ng k kt bin bn ghi nh. y l mt bc quan
trng, m ra mt giai on mi trong quan h hp tc
gia SK v VPI - EPC trong lnh vc tm kim thm d du
kh. L k kt ny s t nn tng v m ng cho s
hp tc lu di gia Cng ty SK v Trung tm Nghin cu
Tm kim Thm d v Khai thc Du kh, Vin Du kh Vit
Nam trong tng lai.
Trc , SK Energy v Trung tm Nghin cu v Pht
trin Ch bin Du kh (PV Pro) hp tc nghin cu chung
d n Quy hoch pht trin cng nghip lc ha du Vit
Nam n 2025, tm nhn n 2050 - d n hp tc gia
B Cng Thng Vit Nam (MOIT) v B Kinh t Tri thc
Hn Quc (MKE).
VPI - EPC v SK Energy k bin bn ghi nh tho thun hp tc
trong lnh vc tm kim thm d du kh
Vit H
L k bin bn ghi nh tho thun hp tc trong lnh vc
tm kim thm d du kh gia VPI - EPC v SK Energy.
nh: Ngc Linh
DU KH - S 4/2011
72
V
o 6h ngy 4/4/2011, ti Cng Vietsovpetro, X
nghip Xy lp Kho st v Sa cha cng trnh
Du kh phi hp vi Cng ty CP Kt cu Kim loi v Lp
my Du kh (PVC-MS) tin hnh quay dng v u ni
Panel chnh cho khi chn gin Mc Tinh trong d n
Bin ng. n 11h30 cng ngy, Panel chnh ca Khi
chn gin Mc Tinh c u ni thnh cng vo cc
mt ngang m bo chnh xc ng theo thit k.
D n Bin ng gm hai gin c nh: Hi Thch v
Mc Tinh khai thc cc m kh cc l 05-1, 05-2 v 05-
3 trn thm lc a Nam Vit Nam (c su nc bin t
115 - 140m). Trong , gin Mc Tinh l gin c nh ln
nht cho n nay c trin khai xy dng bng nng lc
ca cc nh thu trong nc. Cng trnh c trng lng
tng cng trn 13.000 tn kt cu kim loi. Trong , khi
chn nng khong 6.200 tn, gm 4 panel chnh, 2
panel ph v 7 mt ngang; cc cc nng 3.700 tn, khi
thng tng nng 2.800 tn, khi sn bay v Block nh
nng 420 tn, cn uc nng 200 tn. Khi chn gin
Mc Tinh c khi cng t thng 6/2010 v s c
hon tt ch to trn b h thy vo thng 7/2011.
Cng vi khi chn gin i Hng 2 (c su
nc bin 111m), X nghip Xy lp Kho st v Sa cha
cng trnh Du kh cng cc nh thu trong nc
chnh thc khng nh mt bc tin mi t ph v
nng lc v cng ngh xy dng cng trnh khai thc du
kh bin su trn 100m nc. Trc , a s cc cng
trnh khai thc du kh bin c ch to Vietsovpetro
c su nc bin khng qu 60m nc.
Vietsovpetro u ni Panel thnh cng cho khi chn gin Mc Tinh
Hong Vn
Khi chn gin Mc Tinh ang ch lp ghp vi
Panel th nht. nh: CTV
TIN TC - S KIN
Khng s dng vn ngn sch Nh nc xy T hp
Thp Du kh Vit Nam
T
ng cng ty CP Xy lp Du kh Vit Nam (PVC)
chnh thc khng nh, ton b ngun vn u t
600 triu USD xy dng T hp Thp Du kh Vit Nam s
khng s dng vn ngn sch Nh nc, m c huy
ng t ngun vn t c ca PVC (khong 15%) v cc
i tc khc trn c s u tin i tc nc ngoi c tim
lc ti chnh, kinh nghim trong lnh vc u t, qun l,
vn hnh t hp cc cng trnh cao tng hin i trn th
gii. ng thi, PVC quyt nh h cao ca T hp
Thp Du kh Vit Nam t 102 tng nh cng b ban u
xung cn 79 tng (cha k 5 tng hm) m bo hiu
qu u t cao nht.
Bn cnh , PVC cng cng b v trao gii cho
phng n thit k d n T hp Thp Du kh Vit Nam.
Kt qu, gii Nht (tr gi 50.000 USD) c trao cho Cng
ty Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects (M) vi phng n thit k
mang m s 242735PC. Trao i v ngha ca bn thit
k ny, n v ot gii Nht cho bit, ly cm hng t
thnh phn ha hc ca du kh v cu trc cc phn t
cacbon, Ta thp vn phng, khch sn cao cp s c mt
bng hnh lc gic u v pha trn s dn chuyn sang
hnh tam gic, to cho ta thp mt hnh khi mang
tnh biu tng cao. Hnh khi ca Thp chung c xut
pht t tng cc cnh qut gi ca nh my phong
in, tip ni ch nng lng v sc mnh m cc
b phn khc ca khu phc hp th hin. Ban T
chc cng trao gii Nh (tr gi 30.000 USD) cho
phng n thit k ca Cng ty Fender Katsalidis
Architects (Australia), gii Ba (tr gi 20.000 USD) c
trao cho phng n thit k ca Lin danh PCIC -
Codinachs (Ty Ban Nha).
Ngc Linh
DU KH - S 4/2011
73
PETROVIETNAM
N
gy 7/4/2011, ti Tp.HCM din ra L k kt
tha thun hp tc gia Cng ty CP Cng ngh
Nng lng Du kh Vit Nam (PV Enertech) v Trelleborg
Offshore, nh du bc pht trin quan trng trong
quan h hp tc gia PV Enertech vi cc nh sn xut v
cung cp dch v tin tin trn th gii. Qua vic k kt
tha thun hp tc ny, Trelleborg Offshore s cng PV
Enertech tng cng kh nng hp tc gia cc bn
trong vic gii thiu v cung cp cc sn phm v dch v
cho khch hng trong lnh vc du kh, nng lng, ng
tu v cc ngnh cng nghip khc trn ton lnh th
Vit Nam.
Vi hn 20.000 nhn vin hot ng ti hn 40 quc
gia, Trelleborg l tp on dn u th trng da trn b
quyt cng ngh polymer tin tin v cc ng dng
chuyn su khc do chnh Trelleborg u t v pht trin.
Sn phm v dch v ca Trelleborg c nh hng
cung cp ch yu cho lnh vc thm d v khai thc du
kh, mt phn khc th trng ln m Trelleborg Offshore
v PV Enetech cng quan tm. Bn cnh , Trelleborg
Offshore v PV Enertech nhm n mc tiu cung cp gii
php trn gi, mang nhng gi tr gia tng hiu qu cho
khch hng.
T
ip sau thnh cng ca d n CDM u tin ti
Vit Nam Thu hi v s dng kh ng hnh m
Rng ng, Tng cng ty Ti chnh CP Du kh Vit Nam
(PVFC) thc hin tt nhim v l u mi pht trin
cc d n C ch pht trin sch (CDM) v kinh doanh
Chng ch gim pht thi c xc nhn (CERs) ca
Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam, ng thi m ra trin vng
kinh doanh trong th trng tn dng carbon. Trong nm
2010, PVFC t vn thng mi ha thnh cng s
lng 850.000 CERs giao ngay, mt phn CERs nhn
c t d n CDM Rng ng, to ra ngun thu u
tin ng gp ti chnh cho cc thnh vin pha Vit
Nam ca d n v Qu Bo v Mi trng Vit Nam. Bn
cnh , PVFC ang tham gia pht trin CDM trong
nhiu d n cng nghip ca Petrovietnam, t cc hot
ng x l nc thi v s dng Biogas ti cc Nh my
sn xut ethanol ang c xy dng thuc Chng
trnh sn xut nhin liu sinh hc, n d n trng im
thu gom v s dng kh ti m Rng - i Mi v cc
chng trnh hp tc vi cc i tc chuyn mn
thc hin kho st, nh gi tim nng CDM cho nhiu
d n trong danh mc u t ca Ngnh. Thi gian ti,
PVFC s tip tc t vn CDM v kinh doanh CERs cho cc
d n trong Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam, tr thnh nh u
t kinh doanh tn dng carbon tin phong ti Vit Nam,
gip cc ch d n tip cn c vi cc ngun qu ti
chnh carbon vi c ch linh hot hn nhm h tr vn
cho cc d n nng lng sch...
Theo k hoch nm 2011, PVFC phn u doanh thu
t 6.800 t ng, li nhun trc thu ti thiu t 800
t ng. Tnh n 31/3/2010, PVFC t doanh thu 1.548
t ng, bng 22,8% k hoch nm 2011 (6.800 t ng);
li nhun trc thu l 194 t ng, bng 24,3% k
hoch nm 2011 (800 t ng); tng ti sn t 67.282
t ng, bng 102% so vi thi im 31/12/2010 (66.253
t ng); S d tn dng l 37.234 t ng, bng 102%
so vi thi im 31/12/2010 v 87% so vi k hoch nm
2011 (42.915 t ng). Gi tr thu xp vn PVFC ang
trin khai trong Qu I/2011 l 26.675 t ng; cc hot
ng ti cu trc hot ng, kim sot cht ch tnh
hnh u t, gp vn u t c trin khai tch cc,
hiu qu, ng ch trng v tun th ng cc quy
nh hin hnh.
PVFC y mnh cng tc t vn CDM v kinh doanh CERs
Ngc Anh
K tha thun hp tc gia PV Enertech v Treleborg Offshore
Hng H
L k tha thun hp tc gia PV Enertech v i tc. nh: CTV
DU KH - S 4/2011
74
TIN TC - S KIN
T
rong bo co hng thng cng b ngy 12/4, T
chc cc nc xut khu du m (OPEC) iu
chnh tng d bo nhu cu du m ton cu nm 2011
thm 1,39 triu thng/ngy (1,61%) ln 87,94 triu
thng/ngy so vi mc tiu th tng ng 86,55 triu
thng/ngy nm 2010.
Tuy nhin, OPEC cho rng, cuc khng hong chnh
tr ti Libya (quc gia thnh vin OPEC) v thm ha thin
tai ti Nht Bn s nh hng khng ng k i vi nhu
cu tiu th du m ton cu trong nm nay. Mc d
lng du tiu th ti Nht Bn c th gim trong ngn
hn do lnh vc giao thng nh tr v cc ngnh sn xut
cha ly li phong sau thm ha, nhng trong di
hn Nht Bn s phi tng cng nhp khu du th cho
cc nh my nhit in b p sn lng thiu ht t
cc nh my in ht nhn. Mt khc, cng cuc ti thit
ti t nc Mt Tri mc chc chn s s dng rt nhiu
nng lng, trong du m ng vai tr quan trng.
i vi tnh hnh ca Libya, OPEC nhn nh ngay c
khi sn lng du m ca quc gia Bc Phi ny st gim
T
heo bo co va cng b ca C quan Nng lng
Quc t (IEA), gi du cao bt u lm gim mc
tng nhu cu du m nhng mc tng gi c th khng
qu cao khi tng trng kinh t ton cu chm li.
Bo co ca IEA c quan im ging vi bo co ngy
11/4 ca Qu Tin t Quc t (IMF), cho rng gi du v
lm pht l nhng ri ro ln i vi s phc hi kinh t
ton cu. Bo co ny gp phn lm gi du th ngy
11/4 gim 3%, nhng gi du th Brent ngy 12/4 li tng
ln hn 125 USD/thng, gia lc mt s nh phn tch
cho rng bo co ca IEA t tiu cc hn d on.
Theo IAE, t c kh nng cc thnh vin T chc cc
nc xut khu du m (OPEC) s chnh thc nht tr tng
thm sn lng lm du gi du. Bo co nhn nh:
C nhng ri ro thc s rng mc gi du trn 100
USD/thng ko di s cn tr tc phc hi kinh t hin
nay. Cc s liu trong 2 thng u nm 2011 cho thy gi
du cao c th ang bt u lm gim mc tng nhu cu
du m. Tuy nhin, IEA cho rng d bo mc tng nhu
cu du m ton cu nm 2011 vn vo khong 1,6% tc
1,4 triu thng/ngy.
ng David Fyfe, ngi ng u b phn du m
v th trng ca IEA, cho bit c quan ny ch ti
nhng xu hng gim nhu cu ti M v khu vc chu
- Thi Bnh Dng. T ma thu nm 2010, nhu cu
du m ca Trung Quc, Thi Lan v Malaysia u gim
cht t. Tuy nhin, s st gim ny c th c cn
bng nh nhu cu cao hn ti Nht Bn, vi mc tng
khong 150.000 thng/ngy b cho lng in b
mt do s c ht nhn sau ng t v sng thn. Th
gii hin trong giai on u tin ca chu k tng gi
v gi du trong qu 1/2011 mi trn mc 100
USD/thng. Thng thng cc nn kinh t phi mt 6 -
12 thng mi cm nhn c nh hng lu di ca s
leo thang ca gi du.
Mt quan ngi khc l khan him ngun cung. Sn
lng du m ton cu trong thng 3/2011 gim
khong 0,7 triu thng/ngy xung 88,27 triu
thng/ngy, do bt n ti Libya. Nu mc cung ton cu
vn ch mc thng 3 trong sut nm 2011, th n thng
12/2011, lng du tn kho ca cc nc thuc T chc
Hp tc v pht trin kinh t (OECD) s tt xung mc
thp nht trong gn 5 nm qua. Mc d sn lng du
m thng 3/2011 ca OPEC thp hn nhu cu trung bnh
v du m ca OPEC trong nm 2011 khong 0,6 triu
thng/ngy nhng IEA tin rng sn lng d phng ca
OPEC hin vo khong 3,91 triu thng/ngy vi sn
lng d phng ca Arp Xt l 3,2 triu thng/ngy.
Nhng OPEC ch phn ng rt t khi th trng th gii b
mt ngun du th ca Libya.
Cc s liu ca IEA cho thy sn lng du m ca cc
nc ngoi OPEC tng 0,2 triu thng/ngy trong
thng 3/2011 ln 53,3 triu thng.
Tc ng ca gi du i vi nn kinh t th gii
Thanh Hoa (TTXVN)
OPEC nng d bo nhu cu du m ton cu nm 2011
TIN TH GII
DU KH - S 4/2011
75
PETROVIETNAM
C
uba s thc y hot ng tm kim du kh ti
vng lnh hi ca nc ny thuc vnh Mexico v
cam kt vi cc nc lng ging s m bo an ton v
mi trng trong qu trnh thm d v khai thc.
Cc nh chc trch Cuba cho bit, vo ma h nm
nay, nc ny s bt u khoan 5 ging du ti vnh
Mexico vi cc i tc nc ngoi. Gin khoan c s
dng phc v cng tc thm d l mt trong nhng gin
khoan hin i nht th gii v m bo an ton. Ngoi
ra, Cuba cng tnh ti nhng kh nng c th xy ra nh
bo ln v nhng thm ha khc.
Gin khoan ni trn c tn Scarabeo 9, thuc v
Saipem, mt chi nhnh ca cng ty du m Italy ENI SpA,
c ch to ti xng ng tu Yantai CIMC Raffles
Trung Quc. Thng 10/2010, Scarabeo 9 c lai dt
n xng ng tu Keppel Fels Singapore hon
thnh. Scarabeo 9, mt gin khoan bn tu ln cng ngh
cao, c th hot ng su ti 3.600 m, lc u d
kin bn giao vo thng 9/2009.
Hin Cuba sn xut mi nm 21 triu thng du v
kh ng hnh t cc m trn t lin, ch p ng
46% nhu cu s dng ti thiu v phi nhp khu t
Venezuela 100.000 thng du/ngy. Mt vi nm gn y,
Cuba ch trng thu ht u t ca nc ngoi thm
d ti vnh Mexico m theo cc chuyn gia l rt giu tim
nng du kh. Pht biu ti mt hi tho quc t v khai
thc du kh ang din ra th La Habana, Manuel
Marrero, chuyn gia B Cng nghip C bn Cuba, by t
tin tng vo kh nng pht hin du kh trn vnh
Mexico.
Vng lnh hi ca Cuba trn vnh Mexico tri di trn
112.000km, c phn lm 59 l du kh, trong 22 l
c k hp ng thm d ri ro vi cc cng ty nc
ngoi nh Repsol (Ty Ban Nha), Hydro (Na Uy), OVL (n
), PDVSA (Venezuela), Petrovietnam (Vit Nam) v
Petronas (Malaysia). Trung Quc v Angola cng ang
thng tho vi Cuba v quyn thm d v khai thc du
kh ti nc ny. Theo ng Marrero, Cuba s thng lng
vi cc cng ty a quc gia thu ht thm hp ng
thm d, thm ch c vi cc cng ty M.
Diu Hng (TTXVN)
ti 80% v ch t khong 250.000 - 300.000 thng/ngy
th lng du thiu ht c th d dng c cc thnh
vin OPEC khc b p. Bo co ca OPEC nu r: Th
trng c th tin tng rng trong nhng thng sp ti,
OPEC s tip tc gi vai tr thit yu trong h tr bnh n
th trng du m v m bo ngun cung.
Trong din bin lin quan, Qu Tin t quc t (IMF)
nhn nh kinh t th gii ang trn phc hi vng
chc, song vn phi i mt vi mt s thch thc, c
bit l gi du m tng cao hn. Theo IMF, ri ro ch cht
c th cn tr tng trng kinh t ton cu l nguy c
gi du leo thang, bt n a chnh tr, cng nh th
trng ti sn ti cc nn kinh t ang pht trin qu
nng. IMF lu , gi du tng 25% trong 3 thng u
nm 2011 v ng mc trung bnh 107 USD/thng, cao
hn nhiu so vi mc tng ng 79 USD/thng ca nm
2010. Gi du leo thang k lc ln trn 147 USD/thng hi
nm 2008 chnh l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn y
kinh t ton cu ri vo tnh trng suy thoi, khi vn
lm pht, gi lng thc v hng ha chm ngi cho
nhng bt n chnh tr ti mt s quc gia trn th gii.
Vit Khoa (theo AFP/TTXVN)
Cuba y mnh thm d, khai thc du kh trn vnh Mexico
DU KH - S 4/2011
76
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH
N
gy 7/4, C quan Nng lng quc t (IEA)
ku gi cc nc pht trin v cc nn kinh t
mi ni tng u t pht trin cc ngun nng lng
sch thay th cc ngun nng lng ha thch nhm
gim dn s ph thuc ca th gii vo ngun nng
lng ang cn kit nhanh chng ny.
Bo co tin pht trin nng lng sch, c IEA
cng b ngy 7/4 ti th Abu Dhabi ca cc Tiu vng
quc Arp thng nht (UAE), nhn mnh cng ng th
gii cn theo ui chnh sch nng lng sch nng ng
hn, thc hin cc sng kin minh bch, d thch nghi v
c th d bo trc thc y cc la chn hiu qu hn
cc ngun nng lng sch. Cc nc pht trin cn loi
b tr cp s dng nhin liu ha thch ln ti 312 t USD
hng nm v dnh ngun ti chnh ny thc y pht trin
cc ngun nng lng ti sinh.
IEA lu rng nhu cu nhin liu ha thch trn ton
cu hin nay vn vt qu xa nhp tng trng cc cc
ngun nng lng sch. Nng lng ti sinh tng trng
30 - 40% trong nhng nm gn y, song khng th theo
kp nhu cu tng ti 47% ngun nng lng in ton
cu t ngun than trong sut thp k qua. Cc cng ngh
v cc thit b in chiu sng mi cn ti 1 nm thu
hi vn pht trin. thay i thc t ny, IEA ku gi cc
nc chuyn cc ngun ti chnh tr cp s dng nhin
liu ha thch sang h tr pht trin cc ngun nng
lng sch, to cc iu kin thun li v c ch th
trng v cc sng kin mi khuyn khch khu vc t
nhn tng u t pht trin cc ngun nng lng mi v
sch hn.
Ph Gim c chp hnh IEA, ng Richard Jones,
nhn mnh pht trin cc ngun nng lng sch v hiu
qu hn l phng thc tt nht gim s ph thuc
ca th gii ng i vo ngun nhin liu ha thch
ang cn kit. Hn 50% tit kim trong s dng nng
lng trong tng lai phi bt u t cc ngun nng
lng sch v hiu qu nu cng ng quc t mun gii
php nng lng chi ph thp.
V
i tr lng du m v kh t di do, o
Greenland ang tr thnh min t ha i vi
cc cng ty nng lng hng u th gii.
Thng 11/2010, chnh quyn Greenland gii thiu
7 khu khai thc du m v kh t c tim nng ti vnh
Baffin cho 8 cng ty du m ln, trong c
ConocoPhillips (M), Shell (Anh - H Lan) v Cairn Energy
(Scotland).
Theo cuc kho st a cht ca M, hn 1/5 tr lng
du m v kh t cha c pht hin ca th gii nm
ti Bc cc, trong 84% lng nhin liu ny ang nm
di y bin. c tnh tr lng du m ca Greenland
vo khong 52 t thng, trong , 17 t thng nm gia
b bin pha Ty ca hn o ny v b bin pha ng
ca o Baffin (Canada) v 31,4 t thng nm min
ng Bc Greenland.
Nm ngoi, Cairn Energy, cng ty ng u trong
vic khai thc du m v kh t ti Greenland, khoan
3 ging du ti y v s tip tc khoan thm 4 ging du
na trong nm nay, bt chp vic hot ng ca cng ty
ny b gin on 2 ngy do s phn i ca t chc
hot ng v mi trng Ha bnh xanh. Gim c
Thng mi Cairn Energy, Simon Thomson ni: 2011 l
nm hot ng th 3 ca Cairn Energy ti Greenland v
trong nm nay chng ti s u t thm khong 500 triu
USD (350 triu euro) vo hn o ny, a tng u t
ca Cairn Energy ti Greenland ln hn 1 t USD.
Chnh quyn Greenland ang t k vng vi tr
lng du m v kh t ln, hn o ny c th y
nhanh qu trnh ly li c lp v chnh tr v kinh t t
an Mch. B trng B Cng nghip v Ti nguyn
Khong sn Greenland, Ove Karl Berthelsen khng nh:
Du m l nhn t tim nng nht gip chng ti tin
ti c lp v kinh t.
Tuy nhin, B trng Berthelsen cho bit chnh quyn
Greenland khng mun vic khai thc du m s ph hy
cc ngun ti nguyn quan trng khc nh thy hi sn.
Do vy, cc nh chc trch s a ra nhng quy nh cht
ch hn v vic khoan du, trnh vt xe ca v n
gin khoan du ti vnh Mexico. Tuy nhin, t chc Ha
bnh xanh by t lo ngi chnh quyn Greenland khng
kh nng kim sot vic khoan du ca cc cng ty.
IEA thc y ngun nng lng sch thay th nhin liu ha thch
H Phong (theo TTXVN)
Greenland - Min t ha i vi cc cng ty nng lng
hng u th gii
Tr My (theo AFP/TTXVN)
DU KH - S 4/2011
77
PETROVIETNAM
TRANG TIN TH TRNG DU KH TH GII
1. Th trng hng ho du kh
Th trng du th ton cu thng 3/2011 tip
tc d cung vi mc d trung bnh 500.000 th/ng. Cung
ng du th ton cu thng 3/2011 t mc cao k lc
90,656 tr.th/ng, tng 0,275 tr.th/ng so vi s liu iu
chnh ca thng trc v tng 3,55 tr.th/ng so vi cng k
nm ngoi (theo thng k s b ca Energy Intelligence -
M). So vi mc trung bnh nhiu thng trc, cung ng
t Libya gim 1 tr.th/ng nhng cung ng tng t nhiu
nc khc (Trung ng, Ty Phi, Venezuela...). Nhu cu
du ton cu thng 3/2011 ny cng tng ln mc cao k
lc 90,17 tr.th/ng. Tuy nhin, d cung hu nh khng tc
ng n gi du m gi du li chu tc ng nhiu hn
t yu t tm l lo ngi gin on ngun cung trc
nhng bin ng chnh tr ti Trung ng v Bc Phi.
Gi du th th gii tng mnh trong thng 2
trc nhng bin ng chnh tr Bc Phi v Trung ng,
sau n nh hn trong thng 3 v li tng mnh vo
tun u thng 4/2011: du chun Brent tng ln gn 127
USD/th v du chun WTI ln mc 110 USD/th vo ngy
8/4, nhng sau gim nh. Gi xng du v LPG tng
gim theo gi du th.
Gi kh th gii tng i n nh trong thng 1 v
2/2011, tng nh trong thng 3 v u thng 4/201. Gi
kh thin nhin lng (LNG) tng kh ti ng Bc do
nhu cu tng t bin ca Nht Bn sau s c ti mt s
nh my in ht nhn. Gi kh ti th trng u thng
xuyn cao gp 2-2,5 ln Bc M.
Bin ng gi mt s loi du th (t 21/2 n 13/4/2011 - USD/th)
OPEC Basket = trung bnh 7 loi du th XK ca OPEC. PIW cng thng v thng sau
Bin ng gi mt s loi sn phm du
Ghi ch: * Na u thng 4/2011. Gi Spot, xng 95 ti chu u, cn li l FOB Singapore; PIW cng k.
TIN TC - S KIN
DU KH - S 4/2011
78
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH
S bin ng gi spot du th chun Brent
Ngun: Reuters
Bin ng gi kh du lng (LPG) (USD/tn)
Ghi ch: CP* = Gi Contract Price do Aramco cng b v c nhiu khu vc ly lm c s tnh gi xut/nhp khu PG. LPGW cng thng
v thng sau
Bin ng gi kh thin nhin
Gi kh thin nhin ti cc s giao dch (USD/Tr.BTU)
Ti ICE-Lun n
DU KH - S 4/2011
79
PETROVIETNAM
Ti Nymex, NewYork
Ghi ch: Gi tnh cho im nhn NBP thuc Mng cao p Quc gia Anh v Henry Hub M. Ngun: WGI t thng 2 n thng 4/2011
Gi kh thin nhin ti bin gii cc nc Ty u thng 3/2011 (USD/triu BTU)
Ghi ch: * L kh thin nhin lng; WGI cng thng
Gi kh thin nhin lng (LNG) chu (USD/triu BTU)
Ghi ch: Gi cif iu chnh. -WGI 1-2 thng sau
TIN TC - S KIN
DU KH - S 4/2011
80
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH
2. Th trng cc thit b v dch v bin
Cc vn ti du th bng ng bin ($=USD)
Theo Drewry Shipping Consultants Ltd. OGJ 1-2 thng sau
Cc vn ti kh du lng (LPG)
Cc chuyn-Spot (USD/tn)
Gi thu tu ch LPG thi hn 12 thng (nghn USD/thng)
Ngun: EA Gibson -LPGW cng thng v thng sau
DU KH - S 4/2011
81
PETROVIETNAM
Mai Trang su tm v bin tp
Gi thu tu dch v gin bin Bc (Bng Anh/ngy)
(t ngy 2/3/2011 n ngy 13/4/2011)
Ngun: Seabroker, Stavanger (UN 16/4/2011)
Gi thu tu dch v gin bin Ty Phi (USD/ngy)
Ngun: Chart Shipping, Barcelona (UN 16/4/2011)
cho nc M thot ra khi tnh trng nhp khu khi
lng ln kh t t nc ngoi, h gi kh trong nc v
bt u xut khu kh t tr li ra th trng khu vc.
nc ta tuy cha c mt ch trng r rng nhng
trong n tm kim thm d li bn trng An Chu ca
PVEP, cc tc gi cng t ra mc tiu bc u tm hiu
ngun kh phi truyn thng t cc thnh to st than mi
pht hin gn y rt di do trong vng. l mt ch
trng ng, cn y mnh v kh nng tm ra cc m
du kh theo quan im c in An Chu l hn hp.
Hn na vic nh gi ti nguyn ca mt quc gia l
vic bt buc phi lm, nu kt lun khng c du kh
(truyn thng v phi truyn thng) th cng phi coi l
kt qu dng cha k n khi nim c hay khng c
du kh l mt khi nim tng i v cn ph thuc vo
trnh cng ngh, vo nhu cu, vo gi c th trng.
Do chng ti cho rng song song vi cc phng
php nghin cu, tm kim thm d xut rt nn s
dng phng php a ha hin i, va nghin cu
trn thc a gp phn pht hin trc tip du kh, va
nghin cu cc mu trong phng th nghim, phn
tch cc ch tiu a ha t m xc nh hm lng kh
t c gi trong cu trc phn t ca mu theo
nhng c ch m hin nay chng ta cn cha bit r.
Phc hp nhiu phng php ng thi trong cng mt
n s khai thc c nhiu thng tin da trn th
mnh ca tng phng php v s l tit kim nht v s
gim ti a cc chi ph lp khi dng tng phng php
ring l trong cc giai on khc nhau. Lm c iu
hy vng chng ta s m ra mt hng i mi na trn
con ng chinh phc thin nhin, lm giu cho tri thc
khoa hc, lm giu cho T quc.
Ti nguyn kh t t phin st... (Tip theo trang 63)
PGS.TS. Trn Ngc Ton
TIN TC - S KIN
DU KH - S 4/2011
82
n VITRA (giai on 1) hp tc gia Chnh ph Vit
Nam v Chnh ph Na Uy c trin khai t gia nm 1996
n ht nm 1997, theo ngun ti tr t vn vin tr
khng hon li (ODA) ca Chnh ph Na Uy. Tng cng ty
Du kh Vit Nam (nay l Tp on Du kh Vit Nam) v
cng ty Geomatic ca Na Uy l hai c quan ch qun ng
trin khai D n. Ch bin ca n l ng Nguyn Vn
c, nguyn Trng phng Thm d Khai thc Tng cng
ty Du kh Vit Nam, tc gi chnh ca n l cc ng
Phm Thanh Lim, Nguyn Trn Phng (cn b phng
Thm d Khai thc), Phan Giang Long, Khc Hng Giang
(cn b Vin Du kh Vit Nam), phi hp cng vi t vn
pha Na Uy l ng Torstein Hoie, ng ch bin n.
Trong thi gian 18 thng (t thng 6/1996 n ht
nm 1997) tng th tim nng du kh c nh gi
trn ton thm lc a Vit Nam, bao gm b Sng Hng
(c phn t lin l min vng H Ni), b Ph Khnh, b
Cu Long, b Nam Cn Sn, b Malay - Th Chu, b T
Chnh - Vng My (khng c ti liu ca vng b Hong
Sa v Trng Sa vo thi im ).
Cc tc gi ca n thng k v tnh ton ngun
tr lng v tim nng du kh ca cc m/pht hin v
cha pht hin c a vo h thng c s d liu
chuyn ngnh du kh (Petroleum Resources Inventory
System - PRIS). n thng k cho tng m/pht
hin/cu to cha khoan, hoc cho tng l (block), tng
dng by cha (play type) hay tng b (basin). Con s tr
lng v tim nng cng c kt ni vi h thng nh
gi, phn cp mc ri ro ca h thng du kh cho
tng i tng tnh.
n tng kt s b nhng bo co nh gi v
tr lng v tim nng du kh giai on trc nm 1995,
gii thiu chung v cng tc qun l ti nguyn (Resource
Management), nhn mnh v cng tc nh gi tim
nng du kh cho tng i tng nm trong chnh sch
nng lng ca quc gia (Resource Evaluation as an
Element of a National Petroleum Policy). n c
nhng tng kt chung v hot ng a cht ca cc b
trm tch tam ca Vit Nam; lch s hot ng kin to
qua cc thi k t Mezozoi n ht tam, cc hot ng
trm tch i theo tng thi k; tm tt v h thng du kh
(sinh, cha, chn); nh ngha v tng hp cc dng Play
(Play models - Principals and Summary), a ra h thng
N NH GI TNG TH TIM NNG DU KH VIT NAM
n nh gi tng th tim nng du kh Vit Nam - Vietnam Total Resource Assessment - VITRA (gi tt l
n VITRA) hp tc gia Chnh ph Vit Nam v Chnh ph Na Uy c Tng cng ty Du kh Vit Nam (Nay l Tp
on Du kh Vit Nam) trin khai trong 2 giai on : Giai on 1 t thng 6/1996 n ht nm 1997, giai on 2 t
thng 4/2002 n ht thng 6/2007. y l mt trong nhng n c nh gi l thnh cng, phn nh hiu qu
hp tc gia hai chnh ph Vit Nam v Na Uy trong lnh vc thng ngun ca Ngnh Du kh.
ThS. Phm Thanh Lim
Tp on Du kh Vit Nam
Gii thiu
CNG B KT QU NGHIN CU KHOA HC
DU KH - S 4/2011
83
PETROVIETNAM
phn loi Play bao gm mng phong ha nt n trc
tam, trm tch lc nguyn (Oligocene, Miocene,
Pliocene), carbonate. n thng k tim nng du
kh ca cc b trm tch tam Vit Nam, h thng
phn cp (Resource Classification), phng php nh
gi (Resource Quatification - Methodology) v lp
biu khai thc (Production Profile) cho tng m v
cu to, cho tng b v ton Vit Nam, tnh ton gi
thnh pht trin v cc ch tiu kinh t (development
costs and economics). n cng thng k tng th
tim nng thu hi d kin trn ton thm lc a Vit
Nam (Recoverable Resources in Vietnam), nh gi cho
tng b Sng Hng, min vng H Ni, Cu Long, Nam
Cn Sn, Malay - Th Chu, T Chnh - Vng My, xy
dng chin lc thm d (Exploration Strategy) trong
giai on pht trin tip theo trong cng tc tm kim
thm d ca Ngnh Du kh.
Bo co giai on 1 ca n c hon thnh
vo cui nm 1997.
Giai on 2 ca n tip tc c cc cn b
phng Thm d Khai thc Tng cng ty Du kh Vit
Nam (nay l Ban Tm kim Thm d v Ban Khai thc
Du kh, Tp on Du kh Vit Nam) trin khai trong
thi gian t thng 9/2002 n thng 6/2007. ng
Nguyn Vn Minh, lc l Ph Trng phng Thm
d Khai thc l ch nhim n, tc gi chnh l cc
ng Trn Mnh Cng, Phm Gia Minh, Phm Thanh
Lim, Phan Giang Long (phng Thm d Khai thc)
phi hp vi chuyn gia t vn ca Cc Du kh Na Uy
(Norwegian Petroleum Directorate - NPD), vi mc tiu
cp nht con s tr lng v tim nng du kh c
nh gi n thi im hin ti (n nm 2007), s
dng phn mm nh gi v thng k tr lng GeoX.
Phn c s d liu v bn c cc cn b ca
phng Thm d Khai thc thi im by gi (cc ng
V Vn Vin, Hong Th Dng, Lu Quang Vit, Trnh
Xun Cng, Phm Thanh Lim - 2003) thit k trn
giao din Web tch hp vi phn d liu bn c
lu gi bi phn mm MapInfo. Sau Ban Tm kim
Thm d Tp on tip tc cp nht v tng hp.
C th ni, VITRA l mt n c Tp on
Du kh Vit Nam trin khai rt hiu qu (theo nh gi
khch quan ca t vn Na Uy so vi cc n khc c
cng ngun ti tr t vn ODA cho cc B, Ban, Ngnh
khc Vit Nam). Kt qu ca n c Chnh
ph Na Uy, i s qun Na Uy ti Vit Nam nh gi rt
cao. n VITRA c xem l in hnh trong cc n
vin tr ca Na Uy cho cc nc ang pht trin trn
th gii, c pha bn Na Uy gii thiu trong nhiu
hi tho quc t v cng tc qun l tr lng v tim
nng du kh.
V pha Tp on Du kh Vit Nam, Petrovietnam
xy dng c mt b c s d liu kh tng th
v tr lng v tim nng du kh trn ton thm lc
a Vit Nam trn c s phn tch tng hp, thng k
cc bo co tr lng, bo co nh gi ton l ca
cc nh thu du kh v ang trin khai cc hot
ng tm kim thm d v khai thc du kh Vit
Nam. Trong qu trnh tham gia n cc cn b k
thut ca Tp on Du kh Vit Nam v Vin Du kh
Vit Nam c trc tip lm vic vi t vn nc
ngoi, t hc hi c kinh nghim, tip cn v s
dng thnh tho cc phn mm chuyn dng trong
cng tc thng k tr lng v tim nng du kh.
Sau khi hon thnh giai on 2 ca n (t thng
6/2007 n nay), Tp on Du kh Vit Nam vn ang
tip tc cp nht v s dng h thng c s d liu v
tr lng v tim nng du kh ca n trong cng
tc thng k, cn i tr lng hng nm. Bn cnh ,
Tp on Du kh Vit Nam hng dn, n c cc
nh thu du kh trin khai cng tc thng k, cp nht
hng nm c s d liu v tim nng du kh, lu gi
vo h thng c s d liu ca Tp on.
H thng c s d liu ca n VITRA v ang
c cc ban chuyn mn ca Tp on s dng trong
cng tc thng k, cn i tr lng hng nm. H
thng cn l ti liu phc v cc nh thu du kh
trong v ngoi nc xem xt, nh gi tim nng
du kh cc l hp ng m, cc din tch hon tr
trong cc chin dch u thu ca Tp on Du kh
Vit Nam giai on 2007 - 2010. y cng l ti liu
tham kho cho cc n, ti khoa hc trong cng
tc nh gi tim nng du kh cc b trm tch ca
Vit Nam, ng thi ng gp tch cc vo cng tc
hoch nh chin lc thm d v khai thc du kh
trong giai on pht trin v sau ca Ngnh Du kh,
c bit cho giai on 2011 - 2015 v nh hng pht
trin n 2025.
DU KH - S 4/2011
84
BI BO HAY
TP CH DU KH NM 2010 KT QU BNH CHN
V
a qua, Ban bin tp Tp ch Du kh t chc
bnh chn Gii thng Bi bo hay trong s gn
100 bi bo ng trn Tp ch Du kh trong nm 2010.
y l ln th 2 Ban bin tp Tp ch Du kh t chc bnh
chn v trao Gii thng Bi bo hay nhm la chn cc
bi bo khoa hc xut sc vi cc tiu ch: Bi bo c tnh
nh hng cao, ch o tm v m cho s pht trin ca
ngnh, lnh vc; gii thiu cc nghin cu mi, c tnh
sng to v ng dng cao trong ngnh Du kh; gii thiu
cc thnh tu KHCN mi, gii thiu kt qu nghin cu,
ng dng KHCN vo sn xut kinh doanh ca ngnh Du
kh hoc ng dng cc cng ngh cao, cng ngh mi
ca th gii vo ngnh Du kh; tng hp thng tin c gi
tr, l ti liu tham kho hu ch cho sn xut kinh doanh
ca ngnh Du kh Vit Nam.
Trn c s bnh chn ca cc y vin Ban bin tp Tp
ch Du kh, TSKH. Phng nh Thc - Tng gim c Tp
on Du kh Vit Nam, Tng bin tp Tp ch Du kh
ph duyt danh sch cc bi bo ot gii Bi bo hay
nm 2010 ca Tp ch Du kh. Gii thng ny s c t
chc nh k hng nm nhm tn vinh s ng gp ca
cc cn b qun l, cc nh khoa hc, cn b khoa hc k
thut trong v ngoi ngnh Du kh Vit Nam c
nhng bi bo hay, gp phn vo s thnh cng v uy tn
ca Tp ch Du kh.