TC DK 20111216015639

PETROVIETNAM
99 DU KH - S 11/2011
PETROVIETNAM
1 DU KH - S 11/2011
THM D - KHAI THC - DU KH
2 DU KH - S 11/2011
PETROVIETNAM
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4 DU KH - S 11/2011
PETROVIETNAM
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Tm nhn H Ch Minh
Cho ti na u th k XX, khng ai c th ngh
rng Vit Nam c cc m du kh, k c nhng nh a
cht Php tin hnh kho st, iu tra a cht, ti
nguyn khong sn Vit Nam. Song t 50 nm trc,
vi tm nhn chin lc v bng linh cm ca mt thin
ti, Ch tch H Ch Minh tin on rng Vit Nam c
bin chc chn phi c du, kh v t nc mun hng
mnh sau chin tranh, nht nh phi c mt ngnh
cng nghip du kh hin i. Nm 1957, trong chuyn
thm cc nc ng u, Ch tch H Ch Minh n
thm gin khoan Albania v thm Nh my lc du
Bulgaria.
Trong chuyn thm Lin X u tin ngy 23/7/1959,
vi bit bao chng trnh ngh s nng bng, Ngi vn
dnh ring mi quan tm cho ngnh cng nghip Du
kh trong tng lai. Bc ni vi cc cn b lnh o, k
s, cng nhn du kh ti khu cng nghip du la Bacu -
Azerbaijan: Sau khi Vit Nam khng chin thng li, Lin
X ni chung v Azerbaijan ni ring phi gip Vit
Nam khai thc v ch bin du kh, xy dng c nhng
khu cng nghip du kh mnh. V khi bay qua vng bin
Casipian, Bc ch cho ch Phm Th Xun Phng - cn
b i s qun Vit Nam ti Lin X i theo on y l
vng bin du y v kia l nhng gin khoan ht du.
Du qu lm! Nc no c du l giu ln ngay. Nhng
cu ni tr thnh nim tin, l c vng ca t nc
ng thi tr thnh mc tiu hnh ng, l kim ch nam,
trong sut qu trnh xy dng v pht trin ca Ngnh
Du kh Vit Nam.
Truyn thng Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam:
Mi bc i bn b v mnh m u c
nh sng ca Bc soi ng
L tp on kinh t ch lc ca t nc, Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam xy dng c ngnh cng
nghip du kh hon chnh, gp phn thc y nn kinh t nc nh ngy cng pht trin; tch cc v ch ng tham
gia bo v ch quyn quc gia trn bin, bo m an ninh nng lng v an ninh lng thc cho t nc. C c
iu k diu cng chnh l nh trong mi bc i bn b v mnh m ca Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam u c nh sng
ca Bc soi ng.
NM
6 DU KH - S 11/2011
ng v Bc H c nhng quyt sch ng n
v rt sng sut m u cho s hnh thnh v pht trin
nhanh chng ca ngnh m - a cht ni chung v Ngnh
Du kh Vit Nam ni ring. l tranh th s vin tr v
gip ca cc nc XHCN, c chin lc o to cn b
khoa hc k thut ngnh a cht - m trong nc v
nc ngoi, va p ng yu cu cp bch trc mt, va
tnh chuyn lu di. Lin X chnh l ngi bn quc t
m ng v Bc la chn t nim tin gip , gii
quyt v khc phc kh khn ca t nc. Theo ngh
ca Vit Nam, t nm 1959, Lin X c cc chuyn gia
a cht du kh sang gip Vit Nam va nghin cu
kho st, nh gi trin vng du kh, va gip Vit Nam
o to cn b. Trong hai nm 1959 - 1961, chuyn gia
a cht du kh Kitovani S.K. cng cc ng nghip
Vit Nam hon thnh bo co tng hp a cht v trin
vng du kh nc Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha u tin
nc ta.
Xut pht t tm nhn chin lc ca lnh o ng
v Nh nc v Ngnh cng nghip Du kh Vit Nam,
cng vi kt lun ban u ti bo co a cht du kh,
ngy 9/10/1961, Hi ng Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh
nh s 159/CP quy nh nhim v, quyn hn v t chc
b my ca Tng cc a cht trong xc nh r
c t chc on Thm d Du la. Ch hn mt thng
sau, ngy 27/11/1961, Tng cc a cht ra Quyt nh
s 271/C thnh lp on Thm d Du la s hiu 36
(Ngy ny c Th tng Chnh ph quyt nh l
Ngy Truyn thng Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam). Nhng
kt qu kho st nghin cu v du kh ca on thm
d du la ti ng bng sng Hng v trn ton min
Bc Vit Nam trong thp nin 60 th k trc l tin
Chnh ph ban hnh Quyt nh s 203/CP ngy
9/10/1969 thnh lp Lin on a cht 36 trn c s m
rng quy m v phm vi hot ng ca on Thm d
Du la, nhm y mnh hot ng tm kim, thm d
du kh min Bc Vit Nam. C th ni, hot ng ca
Xy lp chn gin khoan du kh Tin Hng, Thi Bnh
PETROVIETNAM
7 DU KH - S 11/2011
on Thm d Du la m tip theo l Lin on a
cht 36 trong giai on ny cung cp rt nhiu ti liu
v thng tin qu gi, nhng kt lun quan trng v cu
trc a cht, tim nng du kh min vng H Ni,
vng trng An Chu v l ci ni cung cp ngun nhn
lc k c cn b qun l cho Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam
trong giai on u.
a con tu Du kh ra bin ln
Sau khi min Nam hon ton gii phng, B Chnh
tr ra Ngh quyt s 224-NQ/TW ngy 9/8/1975 v
vic trin khai thm d du kh trn c nc v n ngy
3/9/1975, Hi ng Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh
s 170/CP thnh lp t chc thng nht v du kh cho
c nc mang tn Tng cc Du m v Kh t Vit Nam
(tin thn ca Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam ngy
nay) vi mc tiu nhanh chng tm ra v khai thc nhiu
du kh nhanh chng hnh thnh mt nn cng nghip
du kh hon chnh, bao gm c thm d, khai thc, vn
chuyn, lc du, ha du, c kh phc v Ngnh Du
kh. Tng cc Du kh tin hnh thm d du kh
trn t lin v hp tc vi mt s cng ty du kh phng
Ty thm d mt s l trn thm lc a pha Nam Vit
Nam. Ngy 19/4/1981, dng kh cng nghip u tin
t m kh Tin Hi C (Thi Bnh) bt u c khai thc.
Ngy 26/6/1986, s hp tc ton din gia Vit Nam - Lin
X ghi du son vi s kin tn du th u tin do
Vietsovpetro khai thc t m Bch H ghi danh Vit
Nam vo danh sch cc nc sn xut, xut khu du m
trn th gii v l ng gp quan trng cho nn kinh t
bt u bc vo thi k i mi. C th ni, trong tng
giai on pht trin ca t nc, ng v Nh nc lun
c bit quan tm n Chin lc pht trin Ngnh cng
nghip Du kh Vit Nam: ngy 7/7/1988, B Chnh tr
ban hnh Ngh quyt s 15-NQ/TW v phng hng
pht trin Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam n nm 2000; ngy
19/1/2006, B Chnh tr c Kt lun s 41-KL/TW v
ngy 9/3/2006, Th tng Chnh ph c Quyt nh s
386/Q-TTg ph duyt Chin lc pht trin Ngnh Du
kh Vit Nam n nm 2015 v nh hng n nm 2025,
vi mc tiu: pht trin Ngnh Du kh tr thnh ngnh
kinh t - k thut quan trng, ng b, bao gm: tm kim
thm d, khai thc, vn chuyn, ch bin, tng tr, phn
phi, dch v v xut, nhp khu. Xy dng Tp on Du
kh mnh, kinh doanh a ngnh trong nc v quc t.
T bc i chp chng ca mt ngnh cng nghip
du kh non tr, sau na th k xy dng i ng v pht
trin, Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam trng
thnh v ln mnh vt bc, tr thnh Tp on kinh t
hng u ca t nc. Lin tc t nm 1991 n nay,
Tp on ng gp vo tng trng GDP vi t trng
trn 20%, chim trn 30% tng thu ngn sch Nh nc;
khong 20% tng kim ngch xut khu c nc. c bit,
t khi Th tng Chnh ph ra quyt nh s 198/2006/
Q-TTg ngy 29/8/2006 thnh lp Tp on Du kh
Quc gia Vit Nam, hot ng ca Tp on c kin
ton mt bc, pht trin ln mnh c chiu rng v
b su, cc ch tiu doanh thu, np ngn sch u t
v vt k hoch mc cao, thc hin tt vai tr l Tp
on kinh t u tu v ch lc ca t nc, tch cc
v ch ng tham gia bo v ch quyn quc gia trn
bin, m bo an ninh nng lng, ng gp tch cc
cho cng tc an sinh x hi. Trong giai on pht trin
mi vi mc tiu xy dng Petrovietnam thnh tp on
du kh quc gia nng ng, c nng lc cnh tranh
trong nc v quc t, Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam s y
mnh hot ng v tp trung vo 5 lnh vc kinh doanh
ct li: tm kim, thm d v khai thc du kh, lc ha
du, cng nghip kh, cng nghip in, dch v k thut
du kh cht lng cao.
Bin c mong ca Bc thnh hin thc, trn khp
cng trnh trng im, n v ca Ngnh Du kh u dy
ln phong tro thi ua lao ng sn xut, thi ua yu
nc, thi ua hc tp v lm theo tm gng o c H
Ch Minh vi cc khu hiu nh Pht huy truyn thng
anh hng, Dm ngh, dm lm, dm chu trch nhim,
Tng tc pht trin, quyt nh kp thi Phong tro
thi ua yu nc khi dy lng yu ngh, lao ng
sng to, pht huy sng kin, ci tin k thut, hp l ha
sn xut v tit kim chi ph v hnh thnh nt p vn
ha doanh nghip trong Ngnh Du kh... C th ni,
chnh tm gng o c sng ngi ca Bc H v truyn
thng ho hng ca nhng ngi i tm la nm xa
khi dy tnh yu qu hng t nc ca nhng ngi
lm du kh hm nay. Tnh yu y bin thnh lng yu
ngh, lao ng sng to, n lc vt qua kh khn trong
tt c cn b cng nhn vin Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam.
Nh n Bc H, tri n cc th h i trc, pht huy truyn
thng Anh hng, mi cn b, ng vin, cng nhn vin
ngi lao ng Du kh cng quyt tm, kht vng
gp sc xy dng T quc Vit Nam nh c nguyn ca
Bc knh yu. PVJ
Ngc Linh
8 DU KH - S 11/2011
Ch tch H Ch Minh thm khu m du kh bin Bacu, Azerbaijan
ngy 23/7/1959
Th tng Phm Vn ng thm v trao i vi cn b cng nhn
vin du kh ti ging khoan 60 - Xun Thy, Nam H, nm 1975
Ch tch Hi ng Nh nc Trng Chinh thm cng trng xy lp
chn gin khoan c nh (MSP) Vietsovpetro, nm 1983
PETROVIETNAM - Vn tm cao mi
T 50 nm trc, bng linh cm ca mt thin ti,
Ch tch H Ch Minh hnh dung ra t nc mun
hng mnh sau chin tranh, nht nh phi c mt
ngnh cng nghip du kh hin i. Qua na th k
xy dng v pht trin, n nay, Tp on Du kh
Quc gia Vit Nam khng nh r nt vai tr ca Tp
on kinh t mnh, gi v tr u tu trong s nghip
cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc, l cng c
iu tit kinh t v m, duy tr pht trin sn xut kinh
doanh tng trng cao to ngun thu ln cho ngn
sch quc gia, quy m vn s hu ca Tp on tng
vt tri, tch cc thc hin cng tc an sinh x hi,
m bo an ninh nng lng, an ninh lng thc v
ch ng tham gia bo v, gi vng ch quyn, an
ninh quc gia trn bin.
PETROVIETNAM
9 DU KH - S 11/2011
Tng B th Nguyn Vn Linh thm v lm vic vi lnh o
Vietsovpetro, nm 1987
Tng B th L Dun lm vic vi cc cn b lnh o Ngnh Du kh
v Vietsovpetro, nm 1985
Th tng V Vn Kit kim tra cc cng trnh du kh bin trn m
Bch H, nm 1995
Ch tch nc V Ch Cng lm vic vi lnh o c khu Vng Tu -
Cn o v Vietsovpetro, nm 1990
i tng V Nguyn Gip tham d v pht biu ch o ti Hi ngh
KHKT Du kh ti H Ni thng 9/1985
10 DU KH - S 11/2011
Ch tch nc L c Anh trao i vi cn b lnh o Vietsovpetro v
cc cng trnh xy dng du kh, nm 1995
Tng B th Mi thm cng trnh kh
Ch tch nc Trn c Lng thm v lm vic ti Nh my x l kh
Dinh C, B Ra - Vng Tu, nm 1999
Tng B th Nng c Mnh nghe lnh o Ngnh Du kh bo co
v tin trin khai Nh my Lc du Dung Qut, nm 2004
Ch tch nc Nguyn Minh Trit thm v lm vic ti Nh my Lc
du Dung Qut, nm 2007
Th tng Nguyn Tn Dng v nguyn Tng B th L Kh Phiu d
l khi cng Nh my m C Mau, 26/7/2008
PETROVIETNAM
11 DU KH - S 11/2011
Ph Th tng Hong Trung Hi, lnh o Tp on Du kh Vit Nam,
Zarubezhneft v Lin doanh Rusvietpetro ti L n dng du u tin
t m Nhennhetxky - Lin bang Nga, thng 9/2010.
Ch tch Quc hi Nguyn Ph Trng (nay l Tng B th Nguyn Ph
Trng) thm v lm vic vi Vietsovpetro, thng 4/2010.
Th tng Chnh ph Nguyn Tn Dng thm hi CBCNV Nh my
Lc du Dung Qut, thng 1/2011.
Ph Ch tch nc Nguyn Th Doan tham quan gian hng ti Trin
lm Quc t Du kh Vit Nam 2011.
Ph Th tng Thng trc Nguyn Sinh Hng (nay l Ch tch Quc
hi Nguyn Sinh Hng) trao tng Hun chng Lao ng hng Nht
cho Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam, ngy 16/1/2010
Ch tch nc Trng Tn Sang thm cn c ch to gin khoan
PV Drilling V ti Singapore, thng 9/2011
12 DU KH - S 11/2011
Ngy 27/11/1961: Tng cc a cht ra Quyt nh s 271/C thnh lp on Thm d Du la s hiu 36.
Ngy 3/9/1975: Hi ng Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh s 170/CP thnh lp Tng cc Du m v Kh t Vit Nam.
Thng 3/1975: Pht hin m kh Tin Hi C, huyn Tin Hi, tnh Thi Bnh.
Thng 6/1981: M kh Tin Hi C c a vo khai thc.
Ngy 19/6/1981: Thnh lp X nghip Lin doanh Du kh Vit - X (Vietsovpetro).
Ngy 24/5/1984: Pht hin dng du cng nghip ti cu to Bch H.
Ngy 21/6/1985: Pht hin dng du cng nghip ti cu to Rng.
Ngy 26/6/1986: Khai thc tn du th u tin m Bch H.
Ngy 11/5/1987: Pht hin ra du tng mng granit nt n ti ging khoan BH-6
Ngy 18/7/1988: Pht hin dng du cng nghip ti cu to i Hng.
Ngy 29/12/1988: Khai thc tn du th th 1 triu u tin.
Ngy 2/3/1992: Khai thc tn du th th 10 triu.
Ngy 14/10/1994: Khai thc tn du th u tin ti m i Hng.
Ngy 29/7/1997: Khai thc tn du th u tin ti khu vc PM3-CAA.
Thng 10/1998: Nh my x l kh Dinh C i vo hot ng.
Ngy 26/11/2002: Hon thnh xy dng ng ng kh Nam Cn Sn.
Thng 6/2004: Nh my m Ph M i vo hot ng.
Ngy 12/6/2005: Khai thc tn du quy i th 200 triu.
Thng 9/2006: Khai thc dng du u tin ti nc ngoi - m Cendor, L PM 304, Malaysia.
Ngy 17/2/2009: Nh my Lc du Dung Qut (Nh my lc du u tin ca Vit Nam) cho dng sn phm u tin.
Ngy 13/6/2010: Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam c ng, Nh nc trao tng Hun chng Sao Vng.
Ngy 30/9/2010: n dng du cng nghip u tin t m Bc Khosedai, Khu t tr Nhenhexky - Lin bang Nga.
Ngy 29/7/2011: n dng du cng nghip u tin t m Visovoi - Lin bang Nga.
Ngy 5/9/2011: H thy gin khoan t nng 90m nc Tam o 03 do Petrovietnam ch to - cng trnh c kh
trng im Nh nc.
Cc mc son quan trng trong qu trnh pht trin
ca Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam
PETROVIETNAM
13 DU KH - S 11/2011
PV: Vi quan im chin lc xy dng Petrovietnam
thnh Tp on kinh t nng ng, c nng lc cnh tranh
trong nc v quc t. Xin Ch tch HTV cho bit, vn
ra bin ln, Petrovietnam chun b th v lc mi nh th
no?
TSKH. Phng nh Thc: Trong giai o n m i, Tp
on Du kh Vit Nam nh n r nhi m v tr ng tm l t
ch c th c hi n th ng l i giai o n I ( n nm 2015) c a
Chi n l c tng t c ph t tri n vi 5 nhi m v c t l i, l:
t m ki m, thm d v khai th c d u kh ; l c h a d u; cng
nghi p kh ; cng nghi p i n; d ch v k thu t d u kh
ch t l ng cao. Trong cng t c t m ki m, thm d v
khai th c d u kh l tr ng tm c t l i nh t trong c c l nh
v c c t l i.
Quan im chin lc l xy dng Petrovietnam
thnh Tp on kinh t nng ng, c nng nng lc cnh
tranh trong nc v quc t, t hiu qu kinh doanh
cao bng cch ti u ha vic s dng mi ngun lc
sn c, y mnh hot ng v tp trung u t vo cc
lnh vc kinh doanh ct li. ng thi, gia tng gi tr ti
nguyn du kh trong nc, gia tng ngun ti nguyn
du kh t nc ngoi, tng cng x hi ha thu ht
ngun u t khc vo cc lnh vc khng phi l ct li
ca Tp on, to iu kin cho cc lnh vc ny h tr
cho cc lnh vc ct li v cng pht trin. Trn c s ,
Petrovietnam gi vng vai tr u tu ca nn kinh t, l
cng c iu tit v m ca Nh nc, tch cc tham gia
bo v ch quyn quc gia, bo m an ninh nng lng,
bo v mi trng, pht trin bn vng v i u trong
cng tc an sinh x hi.
C ng v i vi c y m nh s n xu t nhi u l nh v c
ch nh, trong th i gian t i Tp on Du kh Vit Nam ti p
t c r so t cng t c u t, th c hi n t t nh t Ngh quy t
ng tm hi p l c, ph t tri n b n v ng
Trong 50 nm qua, Vit Nam t mt nc khng c
du tr thnh nc sn xut v xut khu du m
ng th 3 khu vc ng Nam . Khng ch pht trin
mnh m hot ng du kh trong nc, Petrovietnam
ang t mc tiu n nm 2020, sn lng du kh
c khai thc ngoi lnh th Vit Nam s chim
khong 1/3. Nhn k nim 50 nm Ngy Truyn thng
Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam, TSKH. Phng nh Thc - y
vin Ban Thng v ng y Khi Doanh nghip Trung
ng, B th ng y, Ch tch Hi ng thnh vin Tp
on Du kh Vit Nam c cuc trao i vi PV Tp ch
Du kh xung quanh vn ny!
Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam:
14 DU KH - S 11/2011
11 c a Ch nh ph, Ngh quyt Trung ng 3; ti p t c t i
c c u doanh nghi p t p trung v o l nh v c c t l i, nh m
nng cao hi u qu s n xu t kinh doanh, nng cao s c
c nh tranh trong b i c nh c nh tranh qu c t ng y c ng
quy t li t. Ch ng ta d nh m t ph n ngu n l c nghin
c u u t nng l ng t i t o, nng l ng m i, nh p
kh u nng l ng thay th LNG, CNG, chu n b ti n cho
nh ng b c xa hn.
PV: c xc nh l lnh vc ct li nht trong 5
lnh vc kinh doanh ct li ca Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam,
Petrovietnam m rng tm kim thm d, khai thc du
kh trong nc v nc ngoi. Bc i c th trong lnh vc
ny s c Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam thc hin
nh th no trong Chin lc tng tc pht trin n nm
2015 v nh hng n nm 2025, tha Ch tch?
TSKH. Phng nh Thc: Theo Chin lc tng tc,
Tp on s tp trung y mnh u t tm kim, thm
d v khai thc trong nc, trong dnh t l tham gia
cao nht c th ti cc b truyn thng Cu Long, Nam
Cn Sn, Malay - Th Chu, Sng Hng. ng thi, tch
cc qung b, u tin ku gi cc i tc tim nng c
quan tm u t vo tm kim, thm d ti nhng vng
nc su, xa b thuc thm lc a Vit Nam, k c ch
nh thu khi cn thit, song song vi ch ng t thc
hin iu tra c bn v tin hnh tm kim thm d; u
t phng tin, thit b phc v cng tc tm kim, thm
d, c bit i vi khu vc nc su, xa b. Sm a
cc pht hin du kh vo khai thc, tch cc tn thm
d, tng cng v nng cao thu hi, c chnh sch v
gi kh thu ht u t v thc y cc d n thm d
khai thc kh, nghin cu iu tra c bn, nghin cu cc
dng hydrocarbon phi truyn thng (kh than, kh nng,
hydrate kh).
Tp on s tch cc tm kim i tc chin lc,
u t thch hp m rng hot ng du kh ra nc
ngoi, kt hp gia mua ti sn v hp ng tm kim,
thm d nhm tp trung u t 2 - 3 khu vc trng im
Lnh o Tp on Du kh Vit Nam v Tng gim c Zarubezhneft bm nt khi ng dng du cng nghip
u tin t m Visovoi. nh: PVN
PETROVIETNAM
15 DU KH - S 11/2011
trong vng 10 nm ti. Giai on 2011 - 2015, Tp on
phn u gia tng tr lng 38 - 44 triu tn quy du/
nm (trong trong nc l 26 - 28 triu tn quy du/
nm, ngoi nc l 12 - 16 triu tn quy du/nm); giai
on 2016 - 2025, phn u gia tng tr lng 36 - 48
triu tn quy du/nm (trong trong nc l 20 - 26
triu tn quy du/nm, ngoi nc l 16 - 22 triu tn
quy du/nm). V khai thc du kh, n nm 2015 t 33
triu tn quy du/nm (trong trong nc l 29 triu
tn, ngoi nc l 4 triu tn); n nm 2020 t 43 triu
tn quy du/nm (trong trong nc l 31 triu tn,
ngoi nc l 12 triu tn); n nm 2025 t 43 triu tn
quy du/nm (trong trong nc l 27 triu tn, ngoi
nc l 16 triu tn).
PV: T ch xc nh c hng i r rng, Petrovietnam
v ang ch ng, quyt lit vt qua kh khn, tng
trng nhanh v bn vng trong giai on pht trin mi
nh th no, tha Ch tch?
TSKH. Phng nh Thc: La th vng, gian nan th
sc! i vi Petrovietnam, kh khn trc ht l c
nhiu d n ln, phc tp nh c c d n thm d khai
th c d u kh khu v c n c su, c c d n l c h a d u
m i, c c d n nhi t i n than, d n khai th c d u kh
t i Venezuela. D n nhi u trong khi ngun nhn lc,
c bi t c n b tr nh cao ang m ng, ang thi u. Bn
cnh , nhu c u v n tng cao trong giai o n 5 nm t i.
Trong b i c nh suy tho i kinh t th gi i cha ph c h i
ti p t c nh h ng n Vi t Nam, n T p o n D u kh
Vi t Nam, ch c ch n vi c thu x p v n s g p nhi u kh
khn, i h i c ng nhau t m gi i ph p k p th i. Ngu n
t i nguyn d u kh , c bi t c c m l n, ng y c ng khan
hi m, ch ng ta ph i t m ni xa hn, n c su hn, i u
ki n a ch t ph c t p. i u ki n i h i T p o n
t ch c nghin c u, tri n khai chuyn nghi p hn, v i
chi ph t n k m hn. Ngo i ra trong qu tr nh tri n khai
nhi m v t i th m l c a Vi t Nam ch ng ta c n v p
ph i s c n ph c a c c l c l ng n c ngo i vi ph m
ch quy n Vi t Nam. Petrovietnam u t ra n c ngo i
v i quy m l n hn trong i u ki n cnh tranh qu c t
quy t li t.
C kh khn, ph c t p, tuy nhin thu n l i l c b n.
L T p o n c ti m l c m nh v i truy n th ng 50 nm,
n v Anh h ng; bn trn, T p o n c ng, Nh
nc, Ch nh ph , Quc hi tin t ng; bn ngo i, T p o n
c nhn dn c n c gi p ; bn trong, n u ch ng ta
chung s c chung l ng, ch c ch n m i kh khn s v t
qua, T p o n D u kh Qu c gia Vi t Nam ti p t c ph t
tri n. Tp on D u kh hin nay l mt T p o n kinh t
mnh - on kt. Mi ngi chng ta t ho l cn b,
cng nhn ca Ngnh D u kh . Mi n v chng ta t
ho l thnh vin ca T p o n D u kh Qu c gia Vi t Nam
Anh h ng. y chnh l th mnh, l u im vt tri. Ti
lun tm ni m r ng, c c nh vy l cng sc ca bao
th h i trc: nhng ngi lnh o vng vng, nng
ng, sng to, tp th cn b cng nhn trnh cao, tr
tu cao. Cc th h tip theo, nhng ngi nh chng ta
trong giai on k tip ny kin quy t khng t m n v i
k t qu t c, khng c php lm phai m, lm xu
i hnh nh ng qu , m c trch nhim ng tm
hip lc, pht huy th mnh, vun p thm, lm sng ln
hnh nh Du kh Vi t Nam, tip tc xy dng T p o n
D u kh tin ln pht trin n nh v bn vng. Tp on
n nh v pht trin bn vng l mc tiu ca chng ta,
l trch nhim ca chng ta - nhng ngi i tip trong
giai on ti.
Nhng nhim v ln nh vy, kh nh vy ang
i hi c tp th trn 50 nghn cn b cng nhn vin
trong giai on ti phi h nh ng v i phng chm l :
ng tm hi p l c - i m i h i nh p - Ph t tri n b n
v ng. Trong ng tm hi p l c l ti n , i m i
h i nh p l phng ti n, Ph t tri n b n v ng l m c
tiu. M c tiu v tr ch nhi m c a th h n y ph i l m
(khng kh c c) l xy d ng T p o n n nh v ph t
tri n b n v ng. chnh l c s, l phng tin, l con
ng chng ta vt ln pha trc. Ti lun tin tng
vng chc rng, vi bn lnh, kinh nghim, on kt nht
tr ca nhng ngi lao ng Du kh, cng vi truyn
thng na th k v 36 nm pht trin trng thnh ca
n v Anh hng; vi tnh cm, trch nhim trc ng,
t nc v nhn dn, nht nh Tp on Du kh Quc
gia Vit Nam s thc hin thng li ton din tt c cc
ch tiu v nhim v sn xut kinh doanh nm 2011, nm
u tin ca k hoch 5 nm 2011 - 2015, a Tp on
sang mt giai on pht trin mi, mnh m hn v vng
chc hn.
PV: Xin trn trng cm n Ch tch! PVJ
Vit H (thc hin)
16 DU KH - S 11/2011
1. Cng trnh xy dng lp t t hp cng ngh khai thc du kh m T Gic Trng (Hong Long JOC).
2. Cng trnh gin khai thc i Hng - 2 (PVEP POC).
3. Trung tm Lu tr ti liu cm Kh-in-m C Mau.
4. Cng trnh PV Gas Tower .
5. Cng trnh Cao c Vn phng 43 Mc nh Chi.
6. Cng trnh Tng kho kh ho lng Bc Trung B.
7. Cng trnh Tng kho xng du Vng ng (PV OIL).
8. Cng trnh m Visovoi thuc D n Nhennhetxky - Lin bang Nga.
9. Cng trnh Gin khai thc du kh RC-6 (Vietsovpetro).
10. Cng trnh Gin khai thc du kh RC-7 (Vietsovpetro).
11. Cng trnh hon thin cng tc lp turbine - my pht v bnh ngng s 1 ti Nh my Nhit in Vng ng 1 (Ban
QLDA in lc Du kh Vng ng - Qung Trch).
12. Cng trnh Trung tm Thng mi v Dch v Du kh Nng.
13. Cng trnh ng mi Gin khoan t nng 90m nc (Ban QLDA ng mi gin khoan).
14. Cng trnh Gin u ging Mc Tinh (Cng ty iu hnh Du kh Bin ng).
15. Cng trnh Khu phc hp Chung c Cao c Vn phng.
16. Cng trnh Gin khoan tip tr na ni, na chm PV Drilling V.
17. Cng trnh Kho cng xng du Petec Ci Mp giai on I (PETEC).
18. Cng trnh m rng giai on III Cng - Cn c Dch v K thut Du kh h lu Vng Tu (PTSC).
19. Cng trnh K tc x s 3 ca Trng Cao ng Ngh Du kh.
20. Cng trnh Trung tm lu tr ti liu kt hp Vn phng lm vic Nh my Lc du Dung Qut.
21. Cng trnh Petrovietnam Landmark .
22. Cng trnh ng ng dn kh Hi S Trng/T Gic Trng - Bch H (PV GAS).
23. Cng trnh Trm x x Hoa Lc (Ocean Bank).
24. Cng trnh Hon thnh xy dng v lp t thit b L hi s 1 - Sn phn phi 220 KV Nh my Nhit in
Vng ng 1 (Ban QLDA in lc Du kh Vng ng - Qung Trch).
25. Cng trnh Nh my sn xut Nhin liu sinh hc Bio-ethanol Dung Qut.
26. Khu nh iu hnh Ban QLDA ti Cng trng Trung tm in lc Sng Hu ca (Ban QLDA in lc Du kh Long
Ph - Sng Hu).
27. Cng trnh Kho trung chuyn xng du Thi Bnh (PV OIL).
28. Cng trnh Nh my sn xut Bao b Du kh ti Bc Liu .
29. Cng trnh Bc Liu Tower .
30. Cng trnh Trung tm Thng mi Ti chnh Du kh Ph M Hng.
31. Cng trnh Bi cng ch to Kt cu Kim loi & Thit b Du kh .
32. Cng trnh Nh my ha phm Du kh min Nam (DMC).
33. Cng trnh Nh my ch to ng thp (PV PIPE thuc PV GAS).
34. Cng trnh Trng tu, tn to khu tng nim Bc H ti C Mau.
35. Cng trnh Nh my sn xut nhin liu sinh hc khu vc pha Bc.
36. Cng trnh Nh lm vic cho X nghip khoan v sa ging, X nghip vn ti v cng tc ln, Trung tm An ton v
Bo v mi trng Lin doanh Vietsovpetro.
37. Cng trnh m rng Tng kho xng du Nh B giai on 3 (PV OIL).
Cho mng k nim 50 nm Ngy Truyn thng Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam
CNG TRNH GN BIN
PETROVIETNAM
17 DU KH - S 11/2011
PV: Mt trong nhng ni dung quan trng ca Ngh
quyt Trung ng 3 (Kha XI) l phi ti c cu nn kinh t
gn vi i mi m hnh tng trng, trong tp trung ti
cu trc doanh nghip Nh nc. L tp on kinh t u
tu ca t nc, Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam trin
khai vn ny nh th no, tha Tng gim c?
TS. Vn Hu: i mi, sp xp, pht trin, nng
cao hiu qu hot ng, xy dng mt s Tp on kinh
t Nh nc tr ct l ch trng ln ca ng v Nh
nc. Thc t, trong 10 nm qua, Tng cng ty Du kh
Vit Nam (nay l Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam)
nghim tc trin khai thc hin ch trng ca ng
v ch o ca Chnh ph v sp xp, i mi, pht trin,
nng cao hiu qu doanh nghip Nh nc, coi y l
nhim v quan trng, thng xuyn nhm xy dng m
hnh t chc qun l ph hp vi yu cu thc tin hot
ng sn xut kinh doanh ca Tp on trong tng giai
on c th.
Nhng kt qu chnh Tp on t c trong
cng tc sp xp i mi v pht trin doanh nghip thi
gian qua l: Hon thnh xy dng v thc hin Phng
n tng th sp xp i mi doanh nghip Nh nc ca
Tp on c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt ti Quyt
nh s 246/2003/Q-TTg. n nay, Tp on c phn
ha c 18 n v v chuyn i ton b cc doanh
nghip sang hot ng theo Lut doanh nghip; hon
thnh chuyn i Tng cng ty Du kh Vit Nam sang
hot ng theo m hnh tp on kinh t. Hnh thnh/
chuyn i mt s n v thnh tng cng ty chuyn
ngnh mnh, hot ng trong nhng lnh vc kinh doanh
then cht ca Tp on; iu chnh c cu vn gp ti
cc cng ty thnh vin ph hp vi Chin lc pht trin
pht trin bn vng
Sau na th k xy dng v pht
trin, Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit
Nam (Petrovietnam) khng nh
r nt vai tr ca Tp on kinh t
mnh, gi v tr tr ct, u tu trong
s nghip cng nghip ha, hin i
ha t nc. Khng dng li ,
Tp on ang quyt lit y mnh
qu trnh ti cu trc, nng cao hiu
qu hot ng ca doanh nghip Nh
nc. PV Tp ch Du kh c cuc
trao i vi TS. Vn Hu - Tng
gim c Tp on Du kh Vit Nam
v vn ny.
Tng gim c Tp on Du kh Vit Nam TS. Vn Hu gii thiu vi Ch tch nc
Trng Tn Sang, Ph Th tng Nguyn Thin Nhn v gin khoan PV Drilling V ti
Xng ng tu Keppel FELS (Singapore) ngy 26/9/2011. nh: Nguyn Khang
Hiu qu ti chnh, bo ton, pht trin vn trong cng tc
sp xp, i mi, pht trin, nng cao hiu qu doanh nghip
ti Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam t 2001 - 2010:
- Doanh thu hp nht t 260.963.837 triu ng, tng
gp 14,86 ln, tng trng bnh qun hng nm t 135%;
- Np ngn sch Nh nc t 77.849.678 triu ng, tng
gp 6,22 ln, tng trng bnh qun hng nm t 123%;
- Li nhun trc thu hp nht t 45.267.334 triu ng;
tng gp 6,89 ln, tng trng bnh qun hng nm t 124%;
- Quy m ti sn t 504.094.787 triu ng; tng gp
14,11 ln, tng trng bnh qun hng nm t 134%;
- T l n vay/vn ch s hu n 31/12/2010 l 54%
PETROVIETNAM TI CU TRC
18 DU KH - S 11/2011
nhm tng quy m ca cc doanh nghip 100% vn nh
nc doanh nghip Nh nc tip tc ng vai tr l
lc lng nng ct, c v tr then cht trong Tp on.
Tng bc i mi cng tc qun tr doanh nghip
nhm tng tnh ch ng, t chu trch nhim cho doanh
nghip thnh vin nhng gn lin vi vic kim tra gim
st thng xuyn m bo cho cc doanh nghip hot
ng hiu qu hn v theo ng nh hng Chin lc
ca Tp on. y mnh nim yt c phiu ca cc n
v thnh vin ln sn giao dch chng khon nhm tng
tnh cng khai, minh bch trong hot ng sn xut kinh
doanh Nh vy, c th ni cng tc sp xp i mi
doanh nghip gp phn gip Tp on tng nhanh
nng lc sn xut, kinh doanh, ng gp ln cho vic m
bo cung ng mt s sn phm thit yu cho nn kinh t
cng Chnh ph iu tit kinh t v m, kim ch lm
pht, m bo an ninh nng lng v an sinh x hi.
Sau 5 nm hot ng theo m hnh Tp on kinh
t, quy m Tp on c nng ln r rt, sc cnh tranh
c ci thin, hot ng u t ra nc ngoi c m
rng, ch ng hi nhp kinh t quc t, u t chiu su,
p dng nhiu cng ngh mi. Cng ty m - Tp on Du
kh Vit Nam pht huy vai tr l u tu nh hng, m
ng, h tr, gim st cc cng ty con hot ng hiu
qu v l trung tm kt ni, m rng pht trin chui gi
tr sn phm du kh theo Chin lc chung v gp phn
gi vng ch quyn bin gii quc gia trn bin. Bn cnh
nhng thun li, cng tc ny cn mt s kh khn nh:
phn tn ngun lc, kt qu sn xut kinh doanh ca mt
s n v thuc Tp on cn cha tng xng vi u t
v tim nng, li th sn c, sc cnh tranh cha p ng
yu cu th trng v hi nhp kinh t quc t...
PV: Xin Tng gim c cho bit kt qu c th Tp on
Du kh Vit Nam t c trong cng tc i mi sp xp,
ti c cu doanh nghip t u nm 2011 n nay?
TS. Vn Hu: T u nm 2011 n nay, Tp on
Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam kin ton c cu t chc
v cc quy nh/quy ch ni b cho ph hp vi m hnh
mi sau khi Cng ty M - Tp on Du kh Vit Nam
chuyn sang hot ng di hnh thc Cng ty TNHH mt
thnh vin; hon thnh cng tc c phn ha hai n v
(PV GAS, PETEC) v ang trin khai cc cng tc chun b/
thc hin c phn ha 5 n v thnh vin (BSR, PV OIL,
PV PowerNT, PVCFC, DQS). Tp on tip tc thc hin
ti cu trc doanh nghip theo phng n c Th
tng Chnh ph ph duyt nh tip tc thu gn u mi
doanh nghip nhm tp trung ngun lc, ct gim chi ph
v tng bc loi b s cnh tranh ni b trong Tp on;
chuyn 29 Cng ty TNHH mt thnh vin ca cc tng
cng ty thnh cng ty c phn thu ht thm ngun
vn x hi vo hot ng sn xut kinh doanh, i mi
cng ngh, i mi phng thc qun tr doanh nghip;
hon thnh thoi 100% vn ti 3 n v cho cc nh u
t bn ngoi; sp nhp/gii th 4 n v
Tp on hon thnh nim yt c phiu ca 5 n
v v va c y ban Chng khon Nh nc chp thun
nguyn tc nim yt thm c phiu ca 5 n v na
ln cc S giao dch chng khon trong nm 2011. Tp
on t chc thnh cng Hi ngh tng kt 10 nm
sp xp, i mi, pht trin v nng cao hiu qu doanh
nghip Nh nc (2001 - 2010), 5 nm trin khai m hnh
Tp on (2006 - 2010) nhm c rt nhng bi hc kinh
nghim, tip tc lnh o, ch o quyt lit cng tc
chuyn i ti cu trc doanh nghip Tp on Du kh
Quc gia Vit Nam trong tnh hnh mi.
Trong giai on 2011 - 2015, Tp on tip tc y
mnh i mi, sp xp, ti cu trc Tp on v cc n v
thnh vin theo k hoch 2011 - 2015 c Th tng
Chnh ph ph duyt nhm nng cao nng lc cnh tranh
v hi nhp quc t, thu ht ngun lc cht lng cao, kinh
nghim qun l tin tin t cc i tc v cc nh u t
chin lc nc ngoi; m bo gi vai tr chi phi trong
ngnh, lnh vc kinh doanh chnh, ct li ca Tp on,
nng cao nng lc cnh tranh trong khu vc v quc t.
Trong qu trnh ti cu trc doanh nghip Nh nc m
trng tm l cc tp on kinh t v tng cng ty Nh nc, phi
qun trit thc hin cc quan im, mc tiu, nhim v v gii
php i mi, nng cao hiu qu doanh nghip Nh nc
c xc nh trong cc ngh quyt ca ng. Kin quyt chm
dt tnh trng cc tp on kinh t, tng cng ty Nh nc u
t dn tri ra ngoi ngnh, lnh vc sn xut, kinh doanh chnh
trc nm 2015. Tp trung pht trin doanh nghip Nh nc
trong nhng ngnh, lnh vc quan trng c ngha then cht
ca nn kinh t quc dn, ch yu thuc cc chuyn ngnh kinh
t, k thut lin quan n kt cu h tng kinh t - x hi, dch v
cng, n nh kinh t v m. Hon thin th ch qun l doanh
nghip Nh nc, thc hin quyn v trch nhim ca ch s
hu Nh nc i vi vn v ti sn Nh nc ti cc doanh
nghip, bo m cng khai, minh bch v ti chnh. i mi
qun tr v c ch hot ng ca doanh nghip Nh nc theo
hng chuyn sang t chc v hot ng theo m hnh cng ty
c phn, cng ty trch nhim hu hn ph hp vi quy nh ca
Lut Doanh nghip, cnh tranh bnh ng trn th trng.
(Trch pht biu ca Tng B th Nguyn Ph Trng
ti phin b mc Hi ngh Trung ng 3 Kha XI, ngy 10/10/2011)
PETROVIETNAM
19 DU KH - S 11/2011
PV: Nhm rt ngn khong cch pht trin vi cc Tp
on du kh ln trong khu vc v trn th gii, Tp on
Du kh Vit Nam ang quyt lit trin khai Chin lc tng
tc pht trin n nm 2015 v nh hng n nm 2025.
Xin Tng gim c cho bit, vic tp trung y mnh pht
trin 5 lnh vc kinh doanh ct li n nm 2015 s c thc
hin nh th no?
TS. Vn Hu: Trong Chin lc ny, Tp on a
ra cc gii php c trng im, mi nhn v c tnh cht
t ph, nhm t c nhng mc tiu Chin lc pht
trin Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam n nm 2015 v nh
hng n nm 2025 ra v vt mt s ch tiu m
Petrovietnam c th mnh. xy dng Petrovietnam
thnh Tp on kinh t nng ng, c nng lc cnh
tranh trong nc v quc t, Tp on tp trung y
mnh pht trin nhng lnh vc kinh doanh chnh (bao
gm: tm kim, thm d, khai thc du kh; lc ha du;
cng nghip kh; cng nghip in; dch v k thut du
kh cht lng cao), trong tm kim thm d v khai
thc du kh l hot ng ct li.
T mc tiu , Petrovietnam t ra cc mc tiu c
th trn tng lnh vc hot ng. V tm kim, thm d
v khai thc du kh, Tp on tip tc y mnh u t
tm kim, thm d v khai thc trong nc v nc ngoi;
phn u sn lng khai thc du kh n 2015 t 33
triu tn quy du/nm, trong , trong nc 29 triu
tn/nm, nc ngoi 4 triu tn/nm). Trong lnh vc
lc ha du, Tp on phn u n nm 2015, cng sut
lc du t 16 - 17 triu tn/nm, hon thnh u t v
a vo hot ng 3 nh my sn xut nhin liu sinh
hc trong nm 2012, phn u t tng khi lng xng
du phn phi ca Tp on t khong 8 triu tn/nm
vo nm 2015 V cng nghip kh, Tp on xy dng
hon chnh, ng b c s h tng ngnh cng nghip
kh, m bo cung cp kh cho tiu th cng nghip
v dn sinh trong nc, tch cc u t, pht trin theo
hng a dng ha th trng tiu th, vi qui m sn
lng khong 15 t m
3
/nm vo nm 2015; nhp khu
LPG, LNG mt cch hiu qu, bo m cn bng cung -
cu kh trong nc. u t cc d n sn xut LPG trong
nc nhm gim t trng v dn thay th lng LPG nhp
khu, m rng cc kho cha hin c v xy dng mi
p ng nhu cu LPG trong nc vi quy m khong 2,0
triu tn vo nm 2015. V cng nghip in, phn u
n nm 2015 t tng cng sut lp t trn 9.250 MW,
tng sn lng in sn xut t cc nh my in ca Tp
on chim trn 20% tng sn lng in ton quc. V
pht trin dch v k thut du kh cht lng cao, Tp
on phn u t tc tng trng bnh qun 20%/
nm, trong ph t tri n l nh v c thi t k , ch t o v xy
l p d u kh .
Thc hin mc tiu ny, ton
Tp on ng tm hip lc tp
trung xy dng v t chc thc
hin trit 3 gii php t
ph: v qun l, v pht trin
ngun nhn lc v v khoa hc
v cng ngh nhm gp phn
hon thnh v hon thnh vt
mc k hoch sn xut kinh
doanh nm 2011 - 2015. Trong
, Petrovietnam s tp trung
mi ngun lc, trin khai cc gii
php ng b nhm hon thnh
vt mc k hoch t ra trong
lnh vc ct li nht l tm
kim, thm d, khai thc du kh.
PV: Xin trn trng cm n
Tng gim c! PVJ
Vit H (thc hin)
Gin khoan tip tr na ni na chm PV Drilling V s to bc tin mi trong cng tc tm kim,
thm d, khai thc du kh ca Vit Nam
20 DU KH - S 11/2011
V
i s tham gia ca 194 n v/doanh nghip t 21
quc gia v vng lnh th trn th gii, Vietnam
Oil and Gas EXPO 2011 l trin lm ln nht t trc ti
nay. Trin lm din ra vo thi im quan trng Ngnh
Du kh ang trin khai chin lc tng tc, ton Ngnh
ang n lc y mnh vic tm kim, thm d v khai
thc du kh trn khp thm lc a Vit Nam v cc khu
vc khc nhau trn th gii. Chnh iu ny thu ht c
s quan tm ngy cng tng ca cc cng ty, nh u t
trong v ngoi nc n s pht trin ca Ngnh Du kh
Vit Nam, th hin qua s lng tng ln ca cc cng
ty tham gia t mi nc, quy m ln hn ca gian hng
quc gia ca mt s nc so vi trin lm trc, mt s
cng ty tng tham gia cng c din tch gian hng ring
l ln hn, mt s cng ty t cc nc c ngnh du kh
pht trin nh du s tr li th trng Vit Nam sau mt
thi gian gin on.
Pht biu khai mc Trin lm, Ph Ch tch nc
Nguyn Th Doan nhn mnh: Trong chin lc pht
trin nng lng n nm 2015 v tm nhn n nm
2025, Vit Nam c bit ch trng n s pht trin bn
vng. t c mc tiu , s hp tc gia cc cng
ty v i tc nc ngoi s vn tip tc l mt trng tm
quan trng. Chnh ph Vit Nam , ang v s to mi
iu kin thun li, ng h v khuyn khch hot ng
ca cc nh u t trong lnh vc du kh trn c s m
bo li ch chnh ng ca cc bn.
B th ng y, Ch tch Tp on Du kh Vit Nam
TSKH. Phng nh Thc cho bit: Trin lm l dp tt
cc cng ty tham gia, cc khch tham quan trong v ngoi
nc gii thiu sn phm, dch v k thut, gii php cng
ngh cho Ngnh Du kh cng nh tm hiu v cc lnh vc
hot ng ca Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam, tm
kim c i tc ph hp, m rng th trng v em li
nhng c hi u t mi cho cc bn. TSKH. Phng nh
Thc khng nh: Petrovietnam c c thnh cng ni
trn sau 50 nm pht trin, bn cnh pht huy ti a ni
lc sn c cn c s ng gp, hp tc, gip ca cc
cng ty, t chc quc t. Hy vng rng, trin lm ln ny,
Petrovietnam s c nhn c s hp tc, gip ca
cc i tc thc hin hiu qu cc d n u t trong
nhiu lnh vc khc nhau ca Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam c
trong v ngoi nc.
Vi ch Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam - 50 nm thc
hin mong c ca Bc H, khu trin lm ca Tp on
Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam bao gm gian hng ca Cng
ty m - Tp on Du kh Vit Nam vi thnh tu 50 nm
xy dng v pht trin ca Ngnh v tt c cc lnh vc
hot ng, trong c thnh tu khoa hc k thut trong
tm kim, thm d, khai thc du kh trong mng nt
n - mt trong nhng thnh tu c ngha quan trng i
vi Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam v m hnh gin khoan Tam
o 3 (gin t nng 90m nc) va c ng mi v h
thy thnh cng bng ni lc ca chng ta v 16 gian
trng by c lp ca cc n v vi nhng thnh tu ni
bt nht trong sut qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca
tng n v, th hin qua cc cng trnh du kh (cc gin
khoan khai thc, cc nh my lc ha du, nh my m,
nh my in kh), km theo l cc sn phm phc v
nn kinh t quc dn nh xng, LPG, m gp phn
ng k vo vic m bo an ninh nng lng, an ninh
lng thc v hng nm ng gp ti 30% vo ngn sch
Nh nc. PVJ
Bi v nh: H Linh
Trin lm Quc t Du kh Vit Nam ln th 9
K nim 50 nm Ngy Truyn thng Ngnh
Du kh Vit Nam, Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit
Nam t chc Trin lm Quc t Du kh Vit
Nam ln th 9 (Vietnam Oil and Gas EXPO 2011)
ti Trung tm Trin lm Ging V (H Ni). Vi ch
Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam - 50 nm thc hin
mong c ca Bc H, Trin lm l mt trong
nhng hot ng thit thc ghi nhn ng gp
v quyt tm ca Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam thc
hin c nguyn ca Bc H knh yu.
Ph Ch tch nc Nguyn Th Doan v Lnh o Tp on Du kh
Vit Nam thm gian hng ca Petronas
PETROVIETNAM
21 DU KH - S 11/2011
Lnh o Tp on Du kh Vit Nam gii thiu vi Ph Ch tch nc Nguyn Th Doan v
gin khoan PV Drilling V
Ph Ch tch nc thm gian hng ca KNOC
Ch tch Tp on Du kh Vit Nam trao i vi
i din Zarubezhneft ti Trin lm
i din LuKoil n Ph Ch tch nc v lnh o Petrovietnam tham
quan gian hng
Ph Ch tch nc v lnh o Tp on tham quan gian hng ca PVI Holdings, PVFCCo, TNK Vit Nam
Khch quc t thm gian hng ca Cng ty m - Tp on
Du kh Vit Nam
22 DU KH - S 11/2011
C
hiu ngy 12/11/2011, ti Nhn Trch (ng Nai),
Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam t chc
L khnh thnh Nh my in Nhn Trch 2 v trao tng
Hun chng Lao ng hng Ba cho Cng ty CP in lc
Du kh Nhn Trch 2 (PVPowerNT2) v thnh tch xut sc
trong xy dng Nh my m bo cht lng, an ton, tit
kim, vt tin . Nguyn Ch tch nc Nguyn Minh
Trit, Ph Th tng Chnh ph Hong Trung Hi, lnh
o B, Ban, Ngnh Trung ng, a phng, lnh o Tp
on Du kh Vit Nam n d.
Nh my in Nhn Trch 2 c tng mc u t 700
triu USD c xy dng ti Khu cng nghip ng Ko,
x Phc Khnh, huyn Nhn Trch, tnh ng Nai. y l
cng trnh nng lng trng im quc gia thuc tng s
VI v l d n cp bch c p dng cc c ch c
th u t xy dng. Nh my s dng cng ngh tin
tin turbine kh chu trnh hn hp th h F (cu hnh 2-2-
1, bao gm 2 turbine kh, 2 l thu hi nhit v 1 turbine
hi), tng cng sut t 750MW vi sn lng in trung
bnh trn 4 t kWh/nm (cung cp khong 5% sn lng
in quc gia), tng ng doanh thu bn in khong
4.500 t ng/nm. Nh my s dng ngun nhin liu
kh thin nhin c khai thc t b Cu Long v Nam
Cn Sn.
Theo Tng gim c PVPowerNT2 Hong Xun Quc,
k t khi khi cng xy dng vo ngy 27/6/2009, d n
lun hon thnh cc hng mc sm so vi mc tiu ra.
Theo hp ng EPC, Nh my in Nhn Trch 2 s c
thc hin trong thi gian 31 thng. Tuy nhin ch sau hn
29 thng trin khai, cng trnh c hon thnh, a
vo vn hnh thng mi, sm hn 45 ngy so vi hp
ng k kt. y l cng trnh v ngun in (nhit
in u tin) hon thnh sm hn so vi tin gc quy
nh trong hp ng. Trong qu trnh chy th v vn
hnh thng mi chu trnh n, Nh my pht ln li
in quc gia gn 1 t kWh in, gp phn rt ln vo vic
gim thiu s thiu ht in nng trong ma kh nm
2011 va qua. Nh my c Hi ng nghim thu Nh
nc nh gi rt cao v cht lng cng trnh cng nh
vic tun th cc yu cu k thut, cc tiu chun i vi
cng trnh.
Pht biu ti bui l, Ph Th tng Hong Trung
Hi biu dng ch u t l PVPowerNT2 v lin doanh
tng thu EPC Lilama - PVC cng cc n v thi cng
thc hin thnh cng d n Nh my in Nhn Trch 2
vt tin , tit kim chi ph v t cht lng mt d n
in ngun theo m hnh mi c phn. y l mt hng
i cn thit nhn rng trin khai trong vic xy dng
cc nh my in. Cng trnh khng nh bc tin quan
trng vng chc ca Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam trong vic
lm ch u t cc d n nhit in tuabin kh chu trnh
hn hp. Ph Th tng nhn mnh, vi sn lng in
thng phm t trn 4 t kWh/nm, Nh my in Nhn
Trch 2 s gp phn quan trng vo vic m bo an ninh
nng lng quc gia, c bit gp phn gii quyt nhu
cu in cho cc thng ma kh trong thi gian ti. Ph
Th tng ngh ch u t tip tc hon thin, chun
b tt ngun nhn lc qun l, vn hnh Nh my t
cng sut cao v m bo hiu qu tt nht.
Tng gim c Tp on Du kh Vit Nam, TS. Vn
Hu nhn mnh Petrovietnam v ang tip tc trin
khai nhng d n nh my in c cng sut ln nhm
gp phn vo vic m bo an ninh nng lng quc gia.
ng thi, Tng gim c Tp on hy vng rng s tng
cng hp tc gia Petrovietnam v EVN s to iu kin
pht huy hn na kh nng qun l vn hnh nhng nh
my in do Petrovietnam lm ch u t t hiu qu v
c cng sut tt nht. PVJ
Nh my in Nhn Trch 2 v ch sm
Nh my in Nhn Trch 2 v ch sm 45 ngy v l cng trnh v ngun in (nhit in u tin) hon thnh
sm hn so vi tin gc quy nh trong hp ng. Vi cng sut pht in 750MW, cung cp trn 4 t kWh/nm, Nh
my in Nhn Trch 2 s gp phn tch cc m bo an ninh nng lng ca t nc trong nhng nm ti.
H Linh
Nguyn Ch tch nc Nguyn Minh Trit, Ph Th tng Hong
Trung Hi tham quan Nh my in Nhn Trch 2. nh: TTXVN
PETROVIETNAM
23 DU KH - S 11/2011
H
n na th k trc,
ng v Bc H c
nhng quyt sch ng n
v sng sut, ra nhng ch
trng chin lc, m u cho
s hnh thnh v pht trin
nhanh chng Ngnh Du kh
Vit Nam. Lin X trc y
(Lin bang Nga ngy nay)
chnh l ngi bn quc t
m ng v Bc la chn, t
nim tin. Ngay t nm 1959,
Chnh ph Vit Nam
ngh Chnh ph Lin X c
cc chuyn gia gii, giu kinh
nghim sang gip ta kho
st, nh gi tim nng du
kh min Bc Vit Nam. Ngy
7/4/1959, Chnh ph Vit Nam
k hp ng s 9431 vi
Chnh ph Lin X v nghin cu a cht, nh gi trin
vng du kh nc Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha. Hp
ng trn c bt u trin khai t ngy 27/6/1959, vi
vic thnh lp i kho st nghin cu a cht v nh
gi trin vng du kh. i gm c chuyn gia Kitovani
S.K, k s trng a cht khu vc v du m ca Lin
X, Nguyn Giao - cn b a cht Vit Nam. Trong mt
s l trnh ban u c s tham gia ca cc cn b a
cht Trn Vn Tr, Nguyn B Nguyn, nhng l trnh sau
c thm cn b a cht Nguyn c Lc tham gia cho
n khi hon thnh bo co tng kt.
Cn b a cht lc by gi nc ta cn him hoi
lm. Ti c giao lm i trng vi nhim v: chun b
cc trang thit b k thut theo yu cu ca chuyn gia,
lin h xin xe t, nhn vin giao t, bc s, bo v, lin h
vi chnh quyn a phng m i chng ti s n kho
st, nhn kinh ph v lp k hoch chi tiu cho vic thc
hin cc l trnh thc a... Trong hai nm (8/1959 - 4/1961),
n tnh
nhng bui u i tm du kh nhng bui u i tm du kh
T tm nhn chin lc v s tin tri ti tnh ca Ch tch H Ch Minh, nm 1959, cc chuyn gia v bn b Lin X
vi tnh cm chn thnh nht tn tnh sang Vit Nam gip v truyn th nhng kinh nghim, kin thc qu bu
v khoa hc a cht du kh cho cn b a cht nc ta. Hai nm chu ng gian kh (1959 - 1961), ng Kitovani v
cc cng s t c thnh qu vi bn bo co c hm lng tr tu cao mang tn a cht v trin vng du kh
nc Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha. Trn c s bo co ny, nhm lp nn bn phn vng trin vng du kh
Vit Nam t l 1/500.000 l tin cho s hnh thnh ca Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam.
TSKH. Nguyn Giao - Anh hng Lao ng
Vin s Vin Hn lm KHTN Lin bang Nga
Chuyn gia a cht Kitovani S.K trong vng tay bn b Vit Nam. (Trong nh: ng Nguyn Giao
n ng Kitovani ti ga Hng C, H Ni nm 1959). nh t liu.
24 DU KH - S 11/2011
ti vi cng v i trng i kho st cng chuyn gia
Kitovani v cc cng s rong rui trn mt l trnh di
25.000km, qua nhiu vng t t Lo Cai qua Mng T
(Ty Bc) sang Na Hang, Na R (Bc Kn), Tht Kh (Lng
Sn) vt Ti H Sn, ln Cao Bng (Vit Bc) ri ra Thi Bnh,
Qung Ninh. Chng ti i xuyn rng, xuyn ni, chu i,
chu rt, bnh tt i tm ti nguyn trong lng t.
H tr i l trnh kho st cho i chng ti c 1 bc
s, 2 nhn vin giao t phc v chuyn gia, 2 cng an
bo v v dn ng (1 t B Cng an, 1 t Cng an tnh
lin quan), 2 li xe, 2 xe Commngca ca on xe 12 cc
chuyn gia. Trang thit b k thut ca i rt n s gm:
Cc bn a hnh t l 1:100 000, ba a cht, a bn
s ghi chp, ti ng mu v ha thch, ba l a cht,
giy vi leo ni Cn qun o bo h lao ng lc
cha c trang b, chng ti c g mc ny nhng
cng c gng n din cng p cng tt v lc y chng
ti cn qu tr!
Rng r hn mt nm tri, t thng 7/1959 n thng
8/1960, i chng ti trin khai kho st thc a t
v tuyn 17 tr ra, qua cc min Ty Bc, Vit Bc, Trung
du, ng bng, Hi o dc theo sui su, ni cao
tm kim, o bi cc im l vi 11 l trnh kho st
a cht di khong 25.000km, m t hn 1000 im l
a cht, pht hin mi v thu thp hn 90 a im cc
ha thch ng v thc vt, kim tra 20 a im bo ca
nhn dn v du kh. Ngoi ra, chng ti gip chuyn
gia Kitovani thu thp phn tch 74 ti liu v a cht Vit
Nam v cc nc ln cn ca cc nh a cht Php, Trung
Quc, Lin X (c ti Cc a cht Vit Nam) lp bo
co hon chnh.
n thng 4/1961, bo co a cht v trin vng du
kh nc Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha hon thnh.
c bit trong c bn phn vng trin vng du kh
nc Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha t l 1:500.000 v kin
ngh ca cc tc gi v cng tc nghin cu, kho st tip
theo ng bng sng Hng. C th ni y l cng trnh
tng hp u tin ca nc ta v nghin cu a cht v
nh gi trin vng du kh trn mt vng lnh th rng
ln, n l c s ban u nh hng mt cch khoa hc
cho cng tc tm kim du kh sau ny.
hon thnh bo co trn, chuyn gia Kitovani v
anh em trong i chng ti vt qua bao gian kh him
nguy, gi rt ca ma ng, nng nng nh thiu nh t
ca ma h. Nhng b li, chng ti cng c i kh
nhiu ni trn khp min Bc, c ngm nhn nhng
cnh thin nhin hng v ca t nc thn yu, c
thng thc cc iu ma xo ca ng bo cc dn tc
Thi, Ty, Nng, Mng, Mn V qun sao c s n
tip nhit tnh, nng hu ca cc v lnh o v ng bo
cc tnh, a phng ni i chng ti n kho st. C
nhng l trnh kho st a cht di phi leo b t sng
sm n chiu ti mi n ni ngh. C hm bn thn ti
b i l bc s phi tim thuc hi sc mi tnh li c.
Sng gia ni rng n ung kham kh thiu thn b,
m ng bn bp la nh sn ca ng bo cc dn tc,
h dn ng chng ti i, bo v chng ti an ton.
Chng ti c nm nhng tri cy, khc ma ngt ngo
y p tnh ngi, s chn tht ca ng bo dn tc khi
chng ti l ba, i cm kht nc trn nhng qung
t gic, h dng dc theo nhng con ng ni o heo
ht gi. V th c i chng ti nh c tip thm sc
mnh, yu i, yu vic, say m cng hin ht sc mnh
hon thnh tt cng vic c giao.
Mt vi cu chuyn m ti cn nh mi:
- Qua phong tro ton dn bo qung thi y, nhn
c thng bo v biu hin du kh sui Con Cung
(Ngh An) gn bin gii Vit - Lo, i chng ti n kim
tra xc minh thng tin trn. Khi t ca chng ti thc hin
l trnh, vt n gia con sui th xe b ngp nc v cht
my. Vi trch nhim ca ngi i trng ti vi chy vo
mt bn lng gn v nh dn a phng y gip xe
ln. Xe khng chuyn bnh, ti li chy vo bn nh cho
mn my con tru ra ko nhng vn khng c. Khi
mi ngi va i va rt, ti quyt nh c anh bo v
tr v n bin phng a chic xe th 2 ca i ra ko
xe ln. Xe th 2 n v ko c xe t ln th cng l lc
ti b ngt, ng tri theo dng nc. Rt may khi ti tri
hn chc mt, anh em kp pht hin bi theo v vt c
ti ln, t la si m cho ti, ng Kitovani ci o m ca
mnh khoc cho ti ti c m li, dn dn ti tnh dy
v khi cuc hnh trnh kim tra c tip tc.
- Mt hm t Mc Chu tr v vo dp sp n Tt,
hoa ban n trng rng v dc hai bn ng. Tuyt
vi qu! Lng mn qu! Ai bo a cht chng ti l
kh khan. Chng ti dng xe li v cht my cnh hoa
ban p xui v H Ni. t chy trong vng sng
m phi bt n pha, bng nhin t di dc ngc
ln mt xe t ti ng vo xe ca i chng ti, may
m phanh li kp ch khng th chuyn gia Kitovani v
chng ti cng vi con nga st Comngca ln xung
vc su hng trm mt.
PETROVIETNAM
25 DU KH - S 11/2011
- C mt chuyn, i chng ti chun b i ra o C
T kho st bng chic ca n nh b ch i c trong
sng thi. Bui chiu ti hm y, chic ca n xut pht t
o Tun Chu. ang i th ca n cht my. Chuyn gia
Kitovani trc l i u xe tng ca Hng qun Lin X
cng phi ci trn quay maniven mi m my vn khng
n. Ngi ng lm lem. Nhit tnh nhng nng tnh, ng
bc bi trng kh s lm. Chic ca n ch i chng ti
lnh nh gia bin khi m ti mt mng. Nu ca n
tri xa hn na th s b sng nh chm. Hai anh bo v
v c i chng ti cng rt lo lng, sut c m khng ai
nhm mt c. May qu! Khong 6 gi sng hm sau th
chic ca n tri dt vo b, i ca chng ti mt ln na
li may mn c cu thot.
Trong k c ti nhng k nim trn tht p, cm
ng v trn y tnh cm yu thng chn thnh ca cc
ng nghip, c bit l ng Kitovani. ng chm sc ti
khi ti b nn, v ti thp nh nn qua sui ng cng ti.
ng dy cho ti nhng bi hc thc t u tin v ngh
a cht du kh ngay trn t nc Vit Nam thn yu. Ti
yu qu ng nh cha ch, nh ngi thy knh yu ca
mnh. Chng th m bn b ng nghip thng gi ti
l Kitova Giao. Cn ng Kitovani trong bo co ca mnh
by t: Cui cng ti khng th khng k n cng
sc ln lao ca ng ch Nguyn Giao - ngi gip vic
thng xuyn ca ti lm vic khng mt mi, lun lun
c nhng n ci hin hu thc y ti hon thnh
c kt qu cc nhim v ra. Cho php ti biu th lng
cm phc, lng yu mn v cm n chn thnh n ngi
bn ln ca ti l Nguyn Giao p li tt c mi iu
m bn th hin i vi ti v trong cng vic.
Chng ta rt t ho v Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit
Nam l tp on kinh t mi nhn hng u, ng gp to
ln vo s nghp cng nghip ha v hin i ha t
nc. Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam c c nh ngy hm nay
l do s lnh o sng sut ca ng v Bc H, s khao
kht c du, s quan tm chu o ca cc ng ch lnh
o ng, Nh nc, Chnh ph, Quc hi, s hp tc
gip ch tnh, ch ngha ca Lin X trc y v Lin
bang Nga ngy nay. PVJ
Nguyn Giao
on cn b Vit Nam - Lin X do ng do ng Kitovani dn u kho st nghin cu a cht khu vc Ty Bc nm 1961. nh t liu.
26 DU KH - S 11/2011
Gii thiu
Trc nm 2010, trn khu vc b Ph Khnh, hot
ng tm kim, thm d cn tha v cha ng b. Ti
liu thu c t cc kho st trn c x l, phn tch,
minh gii mt cch ring bit cho tng kho st phc v
cng tc xy dng cc bn cu trc cho lt ct tam
nhm nh gi tim nng du kh ban u. Do ti liu
a chn khu vc cn tha v li thu n nhiu thi gian
khc nhau nn cn nhiu yu t nh hnh thi cu trc,
cu to, kin to cng nh ranh gii b v pha ng
v mi quan h vi cc b ln cn, cha c xc nh
mt cch tin cy.
n thi im thng 12/2010, c trn 10000km
a chn v 3 ging khoan thm d, vi cc pht hin
du v cc biu hin kh cng nh cc du hiu du
kh khc l cc minh chng th hin b Ph Khnh l
b trm tch cha du kh tim nng. Vi li tuyn a
chn mi thu n, cc tuyn khu vc lin kt c vi
khu vc bin su pha ng Bc b Ph Khnh. V vy
vic tng hp, minh gii ti liu a chn mi thu n
ny rt c ngha thc tin, phc v cho k hoch pht
trin kinh t ca t nc trong giai on hin nay v
tip theo.
c im cu trc a cht b Ph Khnh theo
ti liu a chn cp nht n thng 12/2010
TS. Nguyn Thu Huyn, KS. Nguyn Mnh Hng, ThS. Nguyn Trung Hiu
ThS. Trn Ngc Minh, TS. Nguyn Anh c, ThS. Hong Anh Tun
Vin Du kh Vit Nam
Tm tt
B Ph Khnh l b trm tch nc su thm lc a min Trung Vit Nam. Kt qu minh gii ti liu a chn
phn x cp nht ti thng 12/2010 cho php chnh xc ho ranh gii b v kt lun b Ph Khnh l b trm tch
phc tp ni v lc a b cng gin v vt mng do nh hng ca chuyn ng trt p mnh. Hu ht cc a ho
Paleogen xut hin cc h su di cc tp trm tch dy v pha ng ca thm, trm tch ven bin v trm tch
bin vi cc biu hin chng ln hay ph chng tng ng vi qu trnh nng ln ca vng Trung tm v Nam Vit
Nam vo thi k Neogen mun. Cc du hiu du kh trc tip cng nh cc du hiu tn ti hydrat xut hin thng
xuyn trn cc lt ct a chn l cc biu th s tn ti du kh. V th b Ph Khnh c cho l b cha du kh y
trin vng.
Hnh 1. V tr a l b Ph Khnh
PETROVIETNAM
27 DU KH - S 11/2011
T ti liu a chn xc nh c mng phn ct
bi t gy, a ho v bn a ho vi cc thu knh ng
tch gin nm di cc tp trm tch sau tch gin. Cu
trc ca b c i snh vi c tin trnh pht trin a
cht khu vc nhm h tr cng tc minh gii thi a tng.
Mc ch ca bi bo ny l phc tho hnh thi pht
trin v tim nng du kh trm tch Kainozoi b Ph
Khnh da trn cc kt qu minh gii lot ti liu a chn
mi cp nht ti thng 12/2010. Cng vic ny da trn
cc ti liu a chn vi s h tr ca ti liu tr, trng lc
v cc du hiu du kh trc tip trn ti liu a chn.
C s d liu
Ti liu a chn bao gm 6 kho st a chn
NOPEC93, PK_TC03, CSL07, PV08, CPKBE08, CPKI09 c
thu n trong giai on 1993 - 2009 (Hnh 2). Li tuyn a
chn c an dy hn v tuyn a chn c
thit k di hn v pha ng ca b vi chiu
su thu n ln hn (t ti 9s).
Ti liu t v tinh v ti liu trng lc ri
t do c thu thp t ti liu do Sandwell
v Smith (1997) ca trm o trng lc v tinh
ton cu v ti liu su bin khu vc ca
trm ETOPO 2 t trang ch ca Cc Qun l kh
quyn v i dng Quc gia. D thng trng
lc Bouger c tnh ton da trn d liu chiu
su bin v trng lc ri t do.
Minh gii a chn phn x b Ph Khnh
da trn c s lin kt cc ging khoan thuc b
Ph Khnh (124-CMT; 124-HT) v mt s ging
khoan nm phn pha Nam b Sng Hng
(120-CS-1X v 121-CM-1X) v cc ging khoan
thuc b Nam Cn Sn v Cu Long (127-NT;
01-RB-1X).
Khung cnh a cht
Vng xung quanh Bin ng l vng hot
ng kin to mnh m trong Kainozoi. Nhng
kt qu phn tch v ng lc hc ca khi
ng Dng, chuyn ng trong Kainozoi ca
mng n , c v Thi Bnh Dng cng nh
cc phn tch kin to ca cc khi lc a nh
vng ra pha Ty v pha Nam ca bin Nam
Trung Hoa c Hall (1996, 1997, 2002),
Holoway (1982), Morley (2002), Lee v Lawyer
(1994, 1995), Leloup v nnk (1995), Taylor v
Hayes (1980, 1983) trnh by. Dc theo ra pha Bc, pha
Ty v Nam Bin ng Vit Nam l mt lot cc b trm
tch Kainozoi (Hnh 1). Tin trnh pht trin ca nhng b
ny lin quan ti s va chm gia cc mng v qu trnh
m Bin ng. S bt u ca qu trnh tch gin ko
theo qu trnh pht trin ca cc b dc ra Bin ng
Vit Nam c gi thit l vo Eocen - Oligocen sm da
vo cc nghin cu hin tng st ln (Ru v Pigott, 1986)
trong khi da trn cc nghin cu t ti liu a chn v
khoan li cho l vo Creta mun - Eocen (Hinz v Schulter,
1985; Ranging v Silver, 1991). Tch gin ko di ti tn
thi k Oligocen sm v hot ng tch gin y bin bt
u vng ng Bc ca khu vc vo thi k Oligocen
gia (Briais v nnk, 1993). Vo Oligocen mun trc tch
gin thay i chuyn v pha Nam v pht trin mnh
v pha Ty Nam ni hot ng ny cn tip tc ti u
Hnh 2. Cc kho st a chn mi cp nht
28 DU KH - S 11/2011
Miocen gia. Vi b Ph Khnh, tch gin v hot ng
gin y quan st kh r trn cc lt ct a chn theo
hng T- (Hnh 3).
Hu ht cc b Kainozoi u biu l s pht trin
chung ca cc tp ng tch gin c ngn cch vi cc
tp sau tch gin bn trn bi cc bt chnh hp chnh,
cc bt chnh hp ny c cho l lin quan ti s bt
u ca pha tri git Bin ng Vit Nam (Rangin v nnk,
1995; Lee v Watkin, 1998; Nielsen v nnk, 1999; Lee v
nnk, 2001; Andersen v nnk, 2005; Michael v nnk, 2009).
Tui ca cc bt chnh hp ny c xc nh hu
ht cc b mt cch kh min cng bi v cc ging
khoan cch xa nhau li c t ti cc cu trc nng. Cc
bt chnh hp ny tri di qua cc khu vc rng ln v
dng nh chng xy ra trong thi k bin tin. Ti b Ph
Khnh, bt chnh hp c xc nh c tui t Oligocen
gia ti Miocen sm (Lee v Watkin, 1998; Huyn v nnk,
2004; Michael v nnk , 2009; Jaume, 2008; PXP, 2009).
Kt qu minh gii a chn
Da trn cc nguyn tc ca a chn a tng nh
nhng c trng phn x k y, g y, bo mn ct ct
xc nh cc ranh gii cc tp a chn. Mt s dng
phn x ny xut hin c tnh khu vc v t s c
lin kt mt cch thch hp cho ton vng nghin cu.
T cc c trng phn x xc nh c th chia lt
ct trm tch thnh lt ct ng tch gin v sau tch gin.
5 tng phn x chun c la chn c trng cho ton
b s pht trin ca b Ph Khnh. Nhng tng ny xp
theo tui t c n tr l SH1 - nc mng m hc, SH2 -
nc Oligocen, SH3 - nc Miocen di, SH4 - nc Miocen
gia, SH5 - nc Miocen trn. T nhng tng chun ny
xc nh bn tp a chn chnh theo tui t c n tr l:
S1 c gii hn bi tng SH1 v SH2 (tp Oligocen), S2
gii hn bi tng SH2 v SH3 (tp Miocen di), S3 nm
trong tng SH3 v SH4 (tp Miocen gia) v S4 c gii
hn bi tng SH4 v SH5 (tp Miocen trn). Lt ct ng
tch gin gm hai tp S1 v S2 trong khi tp S3 v S4
thuc lt ct sau tch gin.
Vi c trng ni bt l bin phn x mnh, tng
SH1 l tng nm di cng ca lt ct trm tch (Hnh
4). Phn x nhn chung nghing t Ty sang ng, mc
d y l ra t gy chng t khu vc chu nh hng
ca tch gin, nn p v t gy trt, chng chnh l
nguyn nhn sinh ra cc a ho, bn a ho, khi t
gy xoay v a ly (Hnh 4, 5, 7). Cc nhiu phn x nhiu
ln chng t sng phn x truyn qua ranh gii a cht
cng. Phn x thu c t s tng phn tr khng m
hc dng cho ta thy rng lt ct trm tch bn di vi
mt v tc cao hn lt ct bn trn. T vn tc cng
ta thy r tc sng qua lt ct bn di cao hn tc
truyn qua lt ct pha trn. Phn x chng t b mt
gp ghnh vi cc h st nh c lp y trm tch
pha Ty ca khu vc nghin cu nm di khu vc thm
ngy nay. Do , chng ti cho rng b mt b l ra
v b bo mn. Dng phn x di b mt ny l dng
hn n chng t mi trng cng. phn pha Ty
ca khu vc nghin cu, phn x phn nng nng
nghing v pha ng b (Hnh 4) v do c th cho
rng phn x mnh dng nh sinh ra do
mng ging nh loi mng gp cc
im l vng b bin phn min Trung
Vit Nam. mng trn t lin gm
granit tui Trias v Creta, riolit, granosye-
nit v basalt Neogen. t gy quan st
thy trn mt phn x phn pha ng
ca khu vc nghin cu v bt chnh hp
bo mn nh du thi k bt u ca
pha tch gin trong Paleogen.
Mt phn x tip theo SH2 l bt
chnh hp khu vc ng tch gin. Trong
khu vc a ho c thm mt tng phn
x na nm di gn k tng SH3 vi tn
gi l SH2a. Tng phn x SH3 c kt
thc bi nhiu t gy nh phn pha
Hnh 3. Hot ng gin y quan st trn mt ct a chn
PETROVIETNAM
29 DU KH - S 11/2011
Ty ca khu vc ni bt u mt pha tch gin mi trong
khi phn pha ng ca khu vc nghin cu n l
mt phn ca pha sau tch gin (Hnh 4, 5). Tng SH4 l
tng u tin ca phn pha Bc b khng chu nh hng
ca hot ng kin to tch gin
v to ra tp st ln khu vc ca
ton b vng nghin cu. Hot
ng st ln b gin on v bt
chnh hp SH5 trong ton vng
chng minh iu ny.
Tp S1 bao gm 2 ph tp.
Ph tp di gm cc phn x hn
n v dng g i vi bin
thay i, nhng dng phn x ny
th hin cc knh, lng sng sui
(Hnh 4, 5). Nhng khi nng vi
cc ct ct bn trong chng t ch
kin to thay i trong thi
k ny. Ph tp trn gm cc dng
phn x song song vi bin cao
thp xen k nhau, y l tp trm
tch qut sng, lng sng v trm
tch m h. Do c th ni rng
mi trng trm tch trong thi k
tch gin mun ch yu l sng
sui v h. Nhn chung, nhng
ph tp ny c lp y trm tch
trong giai on tch gin chnh.
Pha nn p xy ra sut thi k
khi u lng ng trm tch ca
tp S2. Tp S2 ph trn khu vc
nghin cu v hin din phn
pha Bc b, ngoi ra cn hu
ht phn pha Ty b. Mt s dng
phn x g i bin cao thng
lin quan ti t gy th hin trn
Hnh 3, 5 v 6. phn pha Bc
cc cu to ny pht trin mnh
v phn tch chi tit a chn
a tng theo cc tuyn a chn
hng Ty - ng (Hnh 4, 5, 6).
y cc dng phn x th hin
cc khi xy cacbonat, cc g san
h, cc m ph. Cc cu to ny
hu ht pht trin trn cc khi
nng ta t gy. Cc khi san h
c minh gii da trn cc h
tr t cc nghin cu v khi xy
Hnh 5. Cc c trng phn x chnh ca cc tp a chn
Hnh 4. Tuyn a chn minh gii qua GK 124-CMT-1X
30 DU KH - S 11/2011
cacbonat khu vc thm lc a Vit Nam (Mayall v nnk,
1997; Roques v nnk, 1997, Micheal v nnk, 2007) nh
b Sng Hng, thm Phan Rang, b Nam Cn Sn. T
thy rng tp S2 c lng ng trong mi trng bin
nng m khi u l b c m rng ra, st ln v bin
nng xm nhp vo.
Trong tp S3 cc phc h cacbonat dng nh dch
chuyn v pha ng. Hi dch v pha ng a ho nguyn
thy tn ti sng phn x mnh bin dng (Hnh 5).
Trn mt ct thy r biu hin ca ni la gn v tr ny, v
phn x bin mnh c cho l basalt phun tro ngun
gc t ni la. Nghin cu ny c tham kho cc nghin cu
tng t vng Faroe thuc pha Bc vng ni la Atlantic
(Boldreel v Andersen, 1994). Basalt trn mt ct vi cc vch
ng ch ra s hin din ca ng b ti thi im phun
tro basalt. Trong khong pha trn a ho nguyn thy
tn ti cc phn x m, hi dch ln trn v pha Ty l cc
trm tch st m h giu vt cht hu c hoc l than. C
s khc nhau gia phn pha Bc v Nam trong tp S3. Phn
pha Bc b trm tch ct vn chim u th, trong khi pha
Nam c c trng bi carbonat. iu chng t phn
ln trm tch c vn chuyn vi tc cao t vng thm
v tng quan vi cc tng bn di, trm tch ca tp S3
lp y cc trng v lm chm ngp cc cu trc c to ra cc
trm tch cacbonat v pha ng ca vng nghin cu. V
pha ng ca khi phun tro ni la hnh thnh dc ng
th hin ng b c v cc lp
than pht trin dn pha trc
ca dc dng.
C hai tp S4 v tp tr
nht nm trong khong tng
SH5 v y bin c c
trng bi cc dng phn x
gi cho ta nim v s xen
k gia hin tng bin tin
v bin thoi ni cc nm ln
vi cc qut v nm mc nc
thp c hnh thnh (Lee v
Watkin, 1998; Hng, 2004;
Hng v nnk, 2004). S ln r
rng ca thm v i b lin
quan ti lng trm tch cung
cp tng bi hot ng nng
v bc mn trn din rng ca
vng Trung v Nam Vit Nam
trong thi k Miocen - hin ti.
Cu trc a cht b Ph Khnh theo kt qu minh gii
ti liu a chn mi cp nht
Cc bn cu trc v ng dy c gii thiu
trn Hnh 7a, b. Trn bn Hnh 7a ta thy chiu
dy trm tch tng t Ty sang ng, t ti 7000m
vng trung tm trng. Sn thm hp v thng
theo hng Bc - Nam. Ti vng thm nng mt s
cu trc a phng ko di v nh hp xut hin, c
th chng to thnh cc knh o chia ct thm theo
hng Ty Nam - ng Bc. S pht trin kin to ca b
Ph Khnh chu nh hng mnh m ca hot ng tch
gin Bin ng v cc hot ng trt p, ko toc v
hnh thnh nn cc n v kin to (Hnh 7b).
Bn cu trc nc mng c th hin trn Hnh
7b. Nhn chung, mng nghing t Ty ng b sang
ng ti trn 10000m. Mng b chia ct bi nhiu t
gy thun, t gy nn p v t gy trt to ra cc a
ho v cc khi xoay ta t gy. Vi lng ti liu a
chn phong ph cho php xc nh ranh gii b Ph
Khnh mt cch tin tng. i t gy C Lao Xanh v
i trt Tuy Ho l ranh gii phn tch b Ph Khnh
vi b Sng Hng v b Cu Long trong khi i v lc a
vt mng ng vai tr khp kn ranh gii pha ng b
Ph Khnh.
Hnh 6. Trch on mt ct a cht - a vt l
PETROVIETNAM
31 DU KH - S 11/2011
Trn bn cu trc quan st r cc t gy thun.
C th chia thnh 3 nhm t gy: nhm Bc - Nam,
nhm Ty Bc - ng Nam v nhm ng Bc - Ty Nam
v c th ni rng pht trin kin to b Ph Khnh chia
thnh 3 pha c lp, hot ng
trt p ng vai tr quan trng,
tip theo l giai on nn p t c
hot ng t gy. Rangin v nnk
(1995), Tinh (1998), Michael v nnk
(2007, 2009) a ra cc bng
chng v t gy trt p v
ni c cc h thng t gy trn
lc a min Trung vi cc t gy
thm lc a Vit Nam. Trn bn
t v trng lc c th nhn thy
mt s d thng ln (Hnh 8). V
pha Ty ca thm xut hin cc
d thng dng trong khong
v 12
C
v t 12
o
- 14
o
. Nhng d
thng tip theo song song dc ra
b nhng kt thc t ngt pha
Bc v Nam. Trng trng ri t do
b nh hng mnh bi chiu su
bin theo chiu tng ca su
nc bin t vng thm ra pha
ng. Kt qu nghin cu trc
y [21, 29, 38] b Ph Khnh ch
ra rng v tri t rt mng vi d
thng trng lc mnh l kt qu
ca qu trnh chiu dy v b gim
dn v pha ng. Kt hp vi kt
qu minh gii a chn cp nht
mi lun gii hin tng ny l
do h thng tch gin trt p
vng thm ni pht trin cc cu
trc hnh hoa. Kt qu ny cng
ch ra s phn b a l ca cc t
gy. D thng trng lc cao xut
hin ni lp v mng c cho
l do c t nht ba ch trt
p chnh vng thm ca b
Ph Khnh.
Cc du hiu du kh
Cc du hiu du kh tim nng
nh d thng bin , cc on
phn x nm ngang, ng kh v
m my kh quan st thy trn mt s v tr trong b Ph
Khnh v t cc tuyn a chn, dng nh l cc du hiu
ny thng tp trung v pha b ca b dc thm (Hnh
9). D thng bin thng ko theo cc o ngc cc
Hnh 7. Bn chiu dy trm tch (a) v bn phn vng cu trc (b) b Ph Khnh
Hnh 8. Bn d thng t (a) v bn d thng trng lc (b) b Ph Khnh
32 DU KH - S 11/2011
xut hin cc su khc nhau v nhiu mc khc
nhau (Hnh 9). Cc d thng bin c th do cc lp
xp gi kh dch chuyn t phn di su ca b. Cc ng
kh nh minh ha trn Hnh 9 dng nh lin quan ti
t gy m t gy ny l ng dn cho du kh thot
ra t ni sinh vng su hn. V pha b ca thm theo
hng Bc - Nam mt vi du hiu ca du kh xut hin
(Hnh 9). Dc theo d thng bin tn ti mt s knh
pha trn ca m my kh chnh. Xut hin nhng h st
nh y bin v di nhng h ny tm thy nhiu i
nhiu thng ng. Tn hiu a chn mt y bin ch
ra tng phn x hn lon l du hiu kh thot ra bin
v nhng ng kh trn y bin. Nhng i hn lon trn
y bin quan st thy pha trn bn phi ca Hnh 9 ni
m my kh chim hu ht theo chiu dc ca tuyn a
chn. Nhng d thng bin cng c quan st thy
pha di m my kh phn gia ca mt ct (Hnh 9).
Nhng on phn x nm ngang cng c nhn dng
lin kt vi c hai dng phc h cacbonat tn ti trn cc
khi mng nh v lin kt vi cc phc h qut mc thp
(Lee v Watkin, 1997; Nielsen v nnk, 2004). Cacbonat
Miocen ca i g Qui Nhn (pha Bc Ty Bc b Ph
Khnh) l i tng kh v nghin cu tim nng i
tng kh trong b Ph Khnh cn phi nm r qui lut
phn b kh CO
2
(Roques v nnk, 1997).
Kt lun
B Ph Khnh l b trm tch c t ging khoan kim
nghim trn thm lc a Vit Nam. T kt qu minh gii
cc ti liu a chn mi cp nht ch ra s phc tp ca
b ni v lc a b cng gin mnh v b vt mng i
mt s ni do nh hng ca chuyn ng p trt
mnh m. Phn ln cc a ho Paleogen c tm thy
cc h su di tp trm tch dy ln v pha ng ca
thm v i b vi cc biu hin chng ln v ph chng
tng ng vi qu trnh nng ca min Trung v Nam Vit
Nam trong thi k Neogen mun. Ti liu a chn ny
cho php khoanh nh ranh gii b mt cch tin cy v
phn chia c cc i cu trc ring bit. Cc kt qu ny
cho php khng nh b Ph Khnh l b tch gin, chu
nh hng ca hot ng tch gin Bin ng. Qu trnh
pht trin ca b tri qua 3 giai on trong hot ng
trt p ng vai tr quan trng, tip theo l giai on
nn p t c hot ng t gy. Cc du hiu du kh tim
nng nh cc du hiu du kh trc tip cng quan st
thy trn ti liu a chn mi ca b Ph Khnh l cc
bng chng c th tin tng su sc rng b Ph Khnh
l b cha du kh cng nh hydrat y trin vng v iu
c kim nghim qua cc ging khoan thm d ti
l 124 v s c chng minh bng cc pht hin du kh
mi trong thi gian ti. PVJ
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PETROVIETNAM
35 DU KH - S 11/2011
1. M u
H thng sng Hng c coi l mt trong cc con
sng ln nht khu vc ng Nam , bt ngun t sn
ng cao nguyn Ty Tng, chy qua khu vc Nam Trung
Hoa, Ty Bc Vit Nam v ra vnh Bc b (Bin ng)
(Hnh 1). Tng chiu di ca sng Hng t ti trn
1000km v bao gm hai chi lu chnh l sng v sng
L/sng Chy (Hnh 1). Lu vc ca h thng sng Hng
v cc chi lu tri rng t sn ng cao nguyn Ty Tng,
Nam Trung Hoa v min Bc Vit Nam. iu ny c ngha
l phn ln vt liu trm tch bc mn t phn gc l
ra trn b mt lu vc trn u c vn chuyn thng
qua sng Hng v cc chi lu chnh v lng ng trong b
trm tch sng Hng [1 - 3]. Cc nghin cu trc y cho
thy h thng sng Hng ng vai tr l ngun cung cp
vt liu chnh cho b sng Hng v vnh Bc b vi lng
trm tch ra bin hng nm ~130 x 10
6
tn/nm [4 - 6].
iu ny cho thy h thng sng Hng ng mt vai tr
c bit quan trng trong vic khng ch qu trnh trm
tch trong khu vc vnh Bc b. Mc d cho n nay b
sng Hng c nh gi l c tim nng du kh rt ln
nhng cng tc iu tra nghin cu v ngun v lng
trm tch cng nh mi quan h ca cc qu trnh bc
mn, vn chuyn v tch t trm tch t ngun n ni
lng ng vn cn l mt vn cn nghin cu tip. Mt
s cc cng trnh nghin cu trc y ca Hoang et al. [7]
v Hoang et al. [8] s dng cc kt qu phn tch tui
tuyt i Pb-U, Ar-Ar v phn tch ng v Hf, Nd nh
gi ngun vt liu trm tch cng nh vai tr ca sng L/
Lun gii ngun vt liu trm tch ca h thng
Sng Hng trn c s phn tch a ha cc
khong vt nng
TS. Hong Vn Long
Trng i hc M - a cht
GS. TS. Peter D. Clift
Trng H Aberdeen, Vng quc Anh
Tm tt
H thng sng Hng c xem l mt trong nhng h thng sng ln nht khu vc ng Nam v l ngun
cung cp vt liu trm tch chnh cho b trm tch sng Hng v vnh Bc b. Trong nghin cu ny chng ti trnh by
mt s kt qu nghin cu mi da trn vic phn tch a ha cc khong vt nng ly trong cc mu trm tch hin
i ca h thng sng Hng nhm nh gi ngun gc vt liu trm tch ca c h thng sng Hng v cc chi lu
chnh (sng , sng L/sng Chy).
Kt qu nghin cu cho thy amphibol v pyroxen l cc khong vt ch th c hiu qu hn granat v cc nhm
khong vt nng khc trong phn tch ngun gc vt liu trm tch ca h thng sng Hng. Mc d c im phn
b a ha ca khong vt pyroxen h thng sng L/sng Chy c khc so vi c im phn b a ha khong
vt amphibol v granat nhng sng Chy vn c cho l chu nh hng mnh m ca h thng p thy in Thc
B v khng phi l ngun cung cp vt liu trm tch quan trng cho h thng sng L v h lu sng Hng. S chng
ln mt phn v thnh phn a ha gia cc ht amphibol v pyroxen (gia sng v sng Hng) cho thy sng
khng c vai tr quan trng trong vic cung cp ngun trm tch cho sng Hng trong khi s tng ng kh tt
v c im phn b a ha ca cc khong vt amphibol, pyroxen v granat gia sng L v sng Hng nht qun
vi kt qu phn tch ng v Nb ng h cho nhn nh rng sng L l mt trong nhng ngun cung cp vt liu
chnh cho vng chu th v b trm tch Sng Hng.
36 DU KH - S 11/2011
Chy v sng trong vic cung cp vt liu trm tch cho
h thng sng Hng. Tuy nhin cc kt qu a ra kh
khc bit. Trong nghin cu ny, tc gi s dng t hp
cc khong vt nng trong trm tch ct c thu thp
dc theo sng Hng, sng L, sng Chy v sng do
cc khong vt nng tng i bn vng trong iu kin
t nhin [9]. Cc mc tiu chnh t ra trong nghin cu
ny l gp phn gii quyt mt s vn sau:
- nh gi tng i v kh nng cung cp trm tch
ca lu vc sng L/Chy v sng cho sng Hng.
- Gp phn nh gi tin cy v lun gii cho s
khc bit v kt qu trong cc nghin cu trc y.
- Lin h cc qu trnh bc mn, vn chuyn v lng
ng trm tch t ngun n ni lng ng gp phn
nh hng cho cng tc tm kim, thm d du kh khu
vc b sng Hng v vng ln cn.
2. C s ti liu v phng php nghin cu
2.1. C s ti liu
Ti liu c s dng trong nghin cu ny l kt qu
phn tch a ha khong vt nng ca 09 mu trm tch
ct hin i thu thp dc theo h thng sng Hng, sng
L, sng Chy v sng . V tr cc im ly mu c th
hin trong Hnh 1. Vic la chn cc im ly mu c tnh
n cc v tr giao nhau ca cc con sng v s thay i a
hnh nhm nh gi mc pha trn v bc mn ngun
trm tch. Bn cnh tc gi cn s dng kt qu phn
tch tui tuyt i Pb-U, Ar-Ar v phn tch ng v Nd
c xut bn trong cc cng trnh nghin cu trc y
ca Hoang et al. [7] v Hoang et al. [8] lm c s i snh
v nh gi tin cy ca ti liu.
2.2. Phng php gia cng v phn tch mu a ha
khong vt nng
Cc mu ct b ri sau khi ly t thc a v c sy
kh iu kin nhit tiu chun (40
o
C) trong t sy
nc bc hi ht sau a vo tuyn bng bn rung
(table shaker) loi b c bn cc khong vt nh ra
khi thnh phn ct. Phn khong vt nng cn li c
cho vo tuyn trng lc trong dung dch bromoform c
t trng = 2,89g/cm
3
tuyn tinh nhm loi b hon
ton cc khong vt nng theo quy lut chm/ni trong
tuyn trng lc. Phn khong vt nng c chm di
y bnh th nghim c thu hi, ra sch v phi kh
ln na trc khi gia cng tip. Cc ht khong vt nng
sau khi lm kh c tch ly phn c kch thc ht
125 - 250 micron, c cho l
c tnh i din cao nht [9, 10].
Mt lng nh cc ht khong
vt nng c t vo cc vng
nhm sau c trn ln vi
hn hp nha Epofx v cht
lm cng vi t l nha/cht
lm cng l 15/2. Mu c
bo qun sau 24 gi m
bo c ng cng hon
ton sau c mi bng
bng cht huyn ph cha bt
nhm v bt kim cng nhm
loi b s giao thoa nh sng
trn b mt rp trong qu trnh
phn tch. Mu sau khi gia cng
c phn tch bng knh hin
vi in t qut ti Trng i
hc Aberdeen, Vng quc
Anh. Chi tit v phng php
phn tch mu c trnh
by trong cc cng trnh ca
Thackrey et al. [10], do vy trong
Hnh 1. nh v tinh th hin v tr lu vc h thng sng Hng vi cc chi lu chnh l sng v
sng L/sng Chy. Vng trn mu trng v s hiu th hin v tr v s hiu im ly mu. cho
d nhn, cc s hiu u tin VN05060 c xa b
PETROVIETNAM
37 DU KH - S 11/2011
nghin cu ny tc gi ch tm tt mt s tiu chun s
dng trong qu trnh phn tch. Thit b s dng phn
tch l MICROSCAN MK5 do hng Cambridge Scientifc
Instruments Ltd sn xut. Cc ch tiu k thut s dng
i vi thit b ny l: in th gia tc 15KV, cng
dng in d ~3,0nA, gc bn tia 75
o
, ng knh chm
tia in t sng ~5 micron, thi gian chiu chia 200s, cht
lm chun l cobalt (vi cng dng in d ~2,2Na).
i vi cc khong vt nhy cm vi chm tia in t
(v d nh cacbonat) th chm tia c m rng cho n
khi ng knh t 30 - 40 micron v thi gian phn tch
c rt ngn xung cn 150s. S liu phn tch c
thu thp v x l thng qua chng trnh my tnh ZAF4/
FLS c kt ni vi my thit b phn tch. Kt qu thu
c l cc ch s ion, nguyn t, hm lng cc nguyn
t v cc oxit chnh cu thnh ln khong vt nng. Cn
c vo hm lng ca cc ion thu c, cng thc ha
hc v tn khong vt c xc nh bng cc phn mm
chuyn dng.
3. Kt qu phn nghin cu trn c s phn tch a
ha khong vt nng
Chi tit kt qu phn tch a ha cc khong vt nng
c trnh by trong Bng 1 v Hnh 2. Kt qu ny cho
thy mt cch r rng l khong vt amphibol, pyroxen
v granat l ba khong vt nng ph bin nht trong cc
trm tch thuc h thng sng Hng. Do cc phn ln cc
ht zircon c tch ra v s dng trong phn tch tui
tuyt i Pb-U nn khng c s dng trong nghin cu
ny. V vy, ba khong vt amphibol, granat v pyroxen
c th c s dng mt cch hiu qu trong phn tch
ngun vt liu trm tch. Cc thnh phn nguyn t chnh
ca tng ht khong vt c th
hin trong cc biu tam gic (biu
Fe
To
-Mg-Al
VI
cho amphibol, biu
X
Fe+Mn
-X
Ca
-X
Mg
cho granat v biu
Mg - Fe
2+
+ Fe
3+
+ Mn - Ca cho
pyroxen) [9].
Trn thc t, h thng sng
Hng c hai chi lu chnh l sng
v sng L/sng Chy (Hnh 1)
nn trong nghin cu ny tc gi
ch tp trung phn tch ngun trm
tch cho hai chi lu ny v cho chnh
sng Hng nhm nh gi mc
nh hng ca hai chi lu ny i vi
lng trm tch vo h lu sng
Hng nh th no.
Sng Hng
Hnh 3A th hin s phn b
thnh phn ha hc cc nguyn t
chnh ca amphibol trong cc mu
khc nhau thu thp dc theo sng
Hng. Khong vt amphibol trong
mu VN05060710 c c trng bi
gi tr Al
VI
thp (< 0,12), vi gi tr Fe
To

(~0,01- 0,84) v Mg (~0,08 - 0,98) phn
b kh rng. Cc mu VN05060705
v VN05060702 cho thy thnh phn
a ha ca amphibol ging vi mu
VN05060719. Nhn chung th cc
mu VN05060808 v HANOI cho gi
Hnh 2. Biu hnh qut th hin hm lng cc ht khong vt nng trong tng mu
trm tch thu thp dc theo h thng sng Hng v cc chi lu chnh
38 DU KH - S 11/2011
tr Fe
To
(~0,11 - 0,63) v Mg (~0,09 - 0,89) mc thp n
trung bnh, loi tr mt s t ht c gi tr Fe
To
, Al
VI
cao hn
v gi tr Mg thp hn.
S phn b a ha ca cc ht granat c th hin
trong Hnh 3B. Mu VN05060710 cha mt t ht granat ch
yu c c trng bi gi tr Fe + Mn cao (~0,75 - 0,87) v
Ca (~0,32 - 0,36), Mg (~0,21 - 0,08) thp. Mu VN05060705
th hin s phn b mang tnh ngu nhin, khng c quy
lut, trong khi cc ht amphibol trong mu VN05060702
c c im phn b trn cc khong gi tr Fe+Mn (~0,62
- 0,83), Ca (~0,02 - 0,25), v Mg (~0,06 - 0,34) rng hn. Ct
ht granat him gp trong mu VN05060808 (ch hai ht)
v trong mu HANOI (ch mt ht).
Hnh 3C th hin c im phn b a ha nguyn
t ca cc ht pyroxen trong mu VN05060710 v
VN05060702 c c trng bi khong phn b a ha
hp vi gi tr Mg (~0,23 - 0,49) t mc thp n trung
bnh, Fe
2+
+ Fe
3+
+ Mn (~0,01 - 0,27) thp v Ca (~0,44 -
0,51) mc trung bnh. Tri li, cc ht
pyroxen trong mu VN05060705 cho
khong phn b gi tr Mg rng hn
(~0,15 - 0,49), trong khi mt s ht trong
mu HANOI li cho gi tr Ca thp hn
cht t (~3,95 - 0,49).
Sng Chy/sng L
m phng du n v ngun vt
liu ca h thng sng L/sng Chy,
trong nghin cu ny tc gi s dng
ba mu phn tch a ha khong
vt nng v kt qu phn tch c th
hin trong Hnh 4A, B v C. Hnh 4A cho
thy cc ht amphibol trong cc mu
VN05060806 v VN05060807 c c
trng bi gi tr Fe
To
(~0,18 - 0,57) thp
n trung bnh, Mg (~0,37 - 0,79) trung
bnh n cao v Al
VI
(~0,02 - 0,12) thp,
trong khi mu VN05060809 cho khong
phn b Fe
To
(~0,09 - 0,79), Mg (~0,15 -
0,86) v Al
VI
(~0,03 - 0,19) rng hn.
Khng ging vi amphibol, khong
phn b thnh phn ha hc ca
granat trong cc mu thuc h thng
sng Chy/sng L c c im phn
b phc tp hn mc d s lng ht
khng nhiu (Hnh 4B). Phn ln cc ht
granat trong mu VN05060806 th hin
cc gi tr Fe + Mn thay i t ~0,61 -
0,73, ch duy nht mt ht cho gi tr
Fe + Mn rt thp (~0,11) v/hoc gi tr
Fe + Mn rt cao (~0,9). Gi tr Ca ph bin
nht nm trong khong t ~0,03 - 0,29,
trong khi hu ht cc gi tr Mg thay i
t ~0,20 - 0,33. M hnh phn b a
ha khong vt granat trong mu ny
Hnh 3. Biu m t c im phn b a ha ca : (A) amphibol, (B) granat
v (C) pyroxen ca cc mu trm tch ly dng chy chnh ca sng Hng
PETROVIETNAM
39 DU KH - S 11/2011
(VN05060806) ging vi mu VN05060809, trong khi mt
s t ht granat trong mu VN05060807 c c im phn
b a ha gn nhau hn v thng c gi tr Fe + Mn
tng i cao (~0,63 - 0,72), Ca rt thp (~0,04 - 0,07) v
Mg thp (~0,22 - 0,30).
Hnh 4C th hin s phn d kh mnh v thnh
phn ha hc ca cc ht pyroxen. Pyroxen trong mu
VN05060806 c gi tr Ca rt thp (~0,01), gi tr Mg thay
i t ~0,45 - 0,77 trong khi Fe
2+
+ Fe
3+
+ Mn t gi tr
t ~0,22 - 0,54. Ngc li, Nhng ht pyroxen trong cc
mu VN05060807 v VN05060809 cng cho gi tr Ca
trung bnh (~0,38 - 0,51) v hm lng Fe
2+
+ Fe
3+
+ Mn
thp (~0,01 - 0,30).
Sng /sng L/sng Hng
Do cc ht granat rt him gp trong mt s mu
(VN05060702 v HANOI, ch 1 - 2 ht) nn khong vt ny
khng c coi l c hiu qu trong vic m phng ngun
vt liu ca h thng sng , sng L v sng Hng vi
tnh i din v tin cy cao. Thnh phn ha hc ca cc
khong vt amphibol v pyroxen trong cc
mu VN05060702, VN05060809 v HANOI
c m t trn. Khong phn b
thnh phn ha hc ca cc ht amphibol
c th hin trong Hnh 5A. Phn ln cc
ht ny trong cc mu VN05060701 c gi
tr Fe
To
t rt thp n trung bnh (~0,06 -
0,52), gi tr Mg t trung bnh n rt cao
(~0,43 - 0,94) v hm lng Al
VI
t rt thp
n thp (~0,00 - 0,12). i vi pyroxen,
mu VN05060701 th hin khong phn
b gi tr a ha kh tp trung (Hnh 5B)
v tng t nh trong mu VN05060702
c m t trn.
4. Mt s vn tho lun
Sng Hng cng vi hai chi lu chnh
ca n l sng v sng L/sng Chy
cng to ln mt trong nhng h thng
sng ln nht khu vc ng Nam . H
thng sng chy qua mt din tch lu
vc rng ln c hnh thnh t cc thnh
to a cht v cc min a hnh khc
nhau. Tuy nhin, s a dng v c im
a cht, kin to v kh hu mi c cho
l cc yu t quan trng nht trong vic
khng ch qu trnh bc mn ca gc,
qu trnh vn chuyn v lng ng trm
tch ca h thng sng Hng [3].
Mt vi nghin cu trc y c
gng lm sng t ngun gc v lng
trm tch lng ng trong khu vc b
sng Hng v nh gi mc quan
trng ca cc ngun cung cp khc nhau.
Tuy nhin, cc kt qu thu c li cho cc
nhn nh khc nhau theo cc phng
php nghin cu khc nhau [8, 11, 12].
Hnh 4. Biu m t c im phn b a ha ca : (A) amphibol, (B) granat v (C)
pyroxen ca cc mu ly trong lu vc sng L/sng Chy
40 DU KH - S 11/2011
Trong nghin cu ny, tc gi s dng kt qu nghin cu
a ha khong vt nng nghin cu qu trnh tin
ha ngun vt liu ca h thng sng Hng hin i
tr li cho cu hi liu sng v sng L/sng Chy c
ng vai tr quan trng trong vic cung cp ngun vt
liu cho h thng sng Hng, b trm tch sng Hng v
vnh Bc b hay khng? lm sng t vn ny, tc gi
tp trung vo tho lun mt s vn sau:
4.1. nh gi kh nng s dng c im a ha
khong vt nng phn tch ngun vt liu trm tch
Mc d thnh phn ca cc khong vt nng bt gp
trong cc mu trm tch ct s dng trong nghin cu
ny c tnh a dng nhng s lng cc ht khong vt
ca tng nhm trong trm tch rt hn ch v nh vy s
lm hn ch v kh nng s dng chng trong vic tnh
ton thng k xc nh ngun vt liu t cc chi lu v
ngun tng hp khi vo b Sng Hng di h lu
(Hnh 2). V vy, ch c amphibol, granat v pyroxen (cc
khong vt ph bin nht) l ba khong vt nng c
s dng nghin cu tip. 5 mu c thu thp dc
theo dng chy sng Hng (VN05060710, VN05060705,
VN05060702, VN05060808 v HANOI (Hnh 1).
Hnh 3A cho thy s chng ln kh tt v thnh phn
amphibol t cc mu khc nhau dc theo sng Hng. S
chng ln ny cho thy rng ngun trm tch ca dng
chy chnh ca sng Hng tng i n nh v thnh
phn amphibol khng phi l khong vt ch th cho s
khc bit v ngun gc vt liu bi tt c cc mu ly
dc theo sng Hng u cho kt qu kh ging nhau.
Mt s ht amphibol trong mu VN05060705 v HANOI
c tch bit ra khi nhm chnh (Hnh 3A) v cho thy
mt lng trm tch nh c cung cp bi ngun a
phng. Nhn nh ny c cng c bi m hnh phn
b tng t i vi cc ht pyroxen ly t cc mu khc
nhau (Hnh 3C). Ngc li, cc ht granat li kh him gp
v phn b rt ri rc v thnh phn ha hc nhng nhn
chung c xu th gim nhanh v mc ph bin v pha
h lu (hai ht trong mu VN05060702 ti C Tit v mt
ht trong mu ti H Ni). Do vy, granat khng c xem
l mt ch du a ha tt trong vic nh gi ngun vt
liu trm tch trong nghin cu ny.
Phn ln cc ht granat trong cc mu VN05060710,
VN05060705 v VN05060702 u thuc loi A Mg cao, Ca
thp (c cho l lin quan n cc bin cht cao hoc
charnokit [13-15]), loi B (Mg thp, lin quan n cc
bin cht tng amphibol [13 - 15]) (Hnh 3B). iu ny
c ngha l cc ht granat c th c cung cp t cc
bin cht cao v cc magma trung tnh - acid c
phn b rng ri Ty Bc Vit Nam, c bit l dc theo
i t gy Sng Hng.
Ngoi dng chy chnh ca sng Hng, sng L/sng
Chy l cc chi lu ln nht ca h thng sng Hng. Tuy
nhin, ngun trm tch cung cp bi sng Chy cng nh
nh hng ca h thng p thy in i vi kh nng
cung cp, vn chuyn trm tch cha c nghin cu k.
Hnh 4A v B cho thy s trng khp tng i r v c
im phn b thnh phn ha hc ca cc ht amphibol
v granat ca sng L v sng Chy. S chng ln ny
cho thy ngun sng L c cha cc ht amphibol v
granat tng i ging vi ngun trm tch vo sng
L. Ngc vi amphibol v granat, cc ht pyroxen trong
trm tch sng Chy c tch bit vi cc ht trong trm
tch sng L mt cch r rng. S khc bit ny cho thy
rng sng Chy khng phi l ngun cung cp vt liu
trm tch chnh ca h thng sng L v nh vy khng
n khng c nhiu nh hng ti ngun vt liu ca h
thng sng Hng. Kt qu ny kh trng khp vi kt
qu nh gi ngun vt liu bng phng php nh tui
tuyt i Pb-U trn cc khong vt zircon v nh tui
tuyt i Ar-Ar trn khong vt mica trong cc cng trnh
nghin cu ca Hoang et al. [8, 11, 12]. Kt qu ny cho
thy pyroxen l khong vt ch th tt hn so vi amphibol
v granat nghin cu ngun gc vt liu cho h thng
sng L/sng Chy.
4.2. nh hng ca sng , sng L/sng Chy i vi
ngun trm tch ca h thng sng Hng
Mt vn na c tho lun trong phn ny l
vai tr cung cp ngun trm tch ca h thng sng ,
sng L/sng Chy i vi tng lng trm tch vo
chu th sng Hng v b trm tch sng Hng. S chng
ln mt phn ca cc ht amphibol v pyroxen trong cc
mu VN05060701 (sng ) v VN05060702 (sng Hng,
nm bn di ni giao nhau gia sng v sng Hng)
(Hnh 1 v 5A, B) cho thy rng mt lng nh nhm ht
amphibol v pyroxen trong trm tch h lu sng Hng
c cung cp bi sng hoc c bc mn t cc
thnh to a cht c thnh phn tng t vi thnh phn
gc ca lu vc sng . Thm na, s pha trn kh tt
ca cc ht amphibol, granat v pyroxen dc theo dng
chy chnh ca sng Hng (t Lo n H Ni) (Hnh 3)
cho thy rng mt lng ln cc ht ny c bc mn
t ngun gc ti Lo Cai v/hoc c sng v sng
PETROVIETNAM
41 DU KH - S 11/2011
Hng cng c chung mt thnh phn gc khu vc
ny. Ngc li, cc ht amphibol v pyroxen trong mu
VN05060809 (sng L, pha trn ni giao nhau ca sng
L/sng Hng) (Hnh 1 v 5A, B) cho thy chng chng
ln trn din rng hn gia cc nhm mu ca sng L
v sng Hng. S phn b ny ph hp vi kt qu phn
tch tui tuyt i Ar-Ar [8]. Nh vy c th ni rng vt
liu trm tch do sng L cung cp l mt trong nhng
ngun chnh cho tng lng trm tch vo b trm tch
Sng Hng.
5. Kt lun
Nhng s liu trnh by trong nghin cu ny gip
hiu bit nhiu hn v cc qu trnh bc mn, vn chuyn
v lng ng trm tch trong lu vc h thng sng Hng.
Cc ht granat rt him gp trong trm tch di h
lu sng Hng cho thy nhm khong vt ny khng phi
l khong vt ch th tt trong vic phn tch ngun vt
liu trm tch ca h thng sng Hng. Vic gim nhanh
chng v mc ph bin cc ht granat c th c
gy ra bi cc nguyn nhn sau: (1) Do v tr ly mu cha
hp l, (2) Do tc ng ca ngun a phng m nhng
ngun ny thng c t cc ht granat, (3) Qu trnh bo
mn v ph hy cc ht granat xy ra trong qu trnh
vn chuyn v (4) S thay i v qu trnh bc mn trong
phm vi lu vc sng Hng kt hp vi mt thc t l
granat c t trng cao hn so vi amphibol v pyroxen
(3,0 - 4,25g/cm
3
). T trng cao hn c th lm cho
cc ht granat c vn chuyn vi tc chm hn
amphibol v pyroxen [16] v nu qu trnh bc mn thay
i theo thi gian do s bin i ca khi hu th ngun
cung cp granat c th khng khp vi ngun amphibol
v pyroxen. Do ch c mt s t ht granat c quan
st tht trong cc trm tch hin i trong khi cc ht
amphibol v pyroxen c xu th c lm giu.
Mc d s lng ht amphibol v
granat t sng Chy vo sng L
tng i co nhng sng Chy khng
c coi l ngun cung cp vt liu
ch yu cho sng L v h lu sng
Hng do nh hng ca h thng p
thy in Thc B h lu sng Chy.
Amphibol c cho l khong vt ch
th tt v c s dng c hiu qu
trong vic phn tch ngun vt liu bi
v kt qu phn tch a ha khong
vt ny cho thy sng khng phi
l ngun trm tch quan trng trong
khi sng L c vai tr quan trng hn
trong vic cung cp vt liu trm tch
cho h lu sng Hng. Nhn nh ny
ph hp vi kt qu phn tch ng v
Nd v nh tui tuyt i Ar-Ar [8, 12].
S kt hp cc phng phn
nghin cu v nguyn t vt, phn tch
ng v v a ha khong vt nng c
th mang li hiu qu cao hn trong
vic nghin cu v qu trnh bc mn,
vn chuyn v lng ng trm tch ca
h thng sng Hng v b trm tch
sng Hng nhng nu ch p dng mt
phng php nghin cu n l s km
hiu qu v tin cy khng cao [12].
Hnh 5. Biu m t c im phn b a ha ca : (A) amphibol v (B) pyroxen
ca cc mu trm tch ly sng , sng Hng v sng L
42 DU KH - S 11/2011
Bng1. Kt qu phn tch a ha cc khong vt nng
PETROVIETNAM
43 DU KH - S 11/2011
Li cm n
Tp th tc gi chn thnh cm n Trng i hc
M - a cht, Hi ng nghin cu mi trng t nhin
ca Vng quc Anh, ti tr v cung cp trang thit b
cn thit cho nghin cu. Chng ti cng xin chn thnh
cm n cc ng nghip tham gia t vn k thut
chng ti hon thnh nghin cu ny.
Ti liu tham kho
1. Clift, P.D., J. Blusztajn and N.A. Duc, 2006. Large-
scale drainage capture and surface uplift in Eastern Tibet-
SW China before 24 Ma inferred from sediments of the Hanoi
basin, Vietnam. Geophysical research letters. 33(19).
2. Clift, P.D. and Z. Sun, 2006. The sedimentary and
tectonic evolution of the Yinggehai-Song Hong basin and the
Southern Hainan margin, East Sea: Implications for Tibetan
uplift and monsoon intensifcation. Journal of Geophysical
Research B: Solid Earth. 111(6).
3. Hoang, L.V., 2010. Cenozoic Climate-Tectonic
Interactions Preserved in the Song Hong-Yinggehai and
Qiongdongnan Sedimentary Basin, East Sea, in Geology and
Petroleum Geology. University of Aberdeen: Aberdeen.
p. 286.
4. Milliman, J.D. and J.P.M. Syvitski, 1992.
Geomorphic/tectonic control of sediment discharge to the
ocean: the importance of small mountainous rivers. Journal
of Geology. 100(5): p. 525-544.
5. Schimanski, A., K. Stattegger and P.M. Grootes,
2001. Holocene sedimentation on the Vietnamese shelf.
schriftenreihe der deutschen geologischen gesellschaft.
14 (Journal Article): p. 182-184.
6. Schimanski, A. and K. Stattegger, 2005. Deglacial
and holocene evolution of the Vietnam shelf: Stratigraphy,
sediments and sea-level change. Marine geology. 214(4): p.
365-387.
7. Hoang, L.V., Clift P.D., Wu, Fu-yan., Wysocka, A. ,
2009. Evaluating the evolution of the Red River system based
on in-situ U-Pb dating and Hf isotope analysis of zircons.
Geochemistry geophysics geosystems.
44 DU KH - S 11/2011
8. Hoang, L.V., et al., 2010 Ar-Ar muscovite dating as
a constraint on sediment provenance and erosion processes
in the Red and Yangtze River systems, SE Asia. Earth and
planetary science letters (Journal Article).
9. Mange, M.A. and A. Morton, 2007. Geochemistry
of heavy minerals, in Heavy minerals in use, M.A. Mange
and D.T. Wright, Editors. Elsevier: London. p. 345-391.
10. Thackrey, S., et al., 2009. The use of heavy mineral
correlation for determining the source of impact ejecta: A
Manicouagan distal ejecta case study. Earth and planetary
science letters. 285(1-2): p. 163-172.
11. Hoang, L.V., et al., 2009. Evaluating the evolution
of the Red River system based on in situ U-Pb dating and
Hf isotope analysis of zircons. Geochemistry, Geophysics,
Geosystems. 10(11).
12. Clift, D.P., Hoang, V. L., Hinton, R., Ellam, M. R.,
Hannigan, R., Mai, T. T., Blusztajn, J., Nguyen, A. D., 2008.
Evolving East Asian river systems reconstructed by trace
element and Pb and Nd isotope variations in modern and
ancient Red River - Song Hong sediments. Journal Article.
13. Sabeen, H.M., N. Ramanujam, and A.C. Morton,
2002. The provenance of garnet: Constraints provided
by studies of coastal sediments from Southern India.
Sedimentary Geology. 152(3-4): p. 279-287.
14. Morton, A., C. Hallsworth and B. Chalton, 2004.
Garnet compositions in Scottish and Norwegian basement
terrains: A framework for interpretation of North Sea
sandstone provenance. Marine and Petroleum Geology.
21(3): p. 393-410.
15. Mange, M.A. and A.C. Morton, 2007. Geochemistry
of heavy minerals, in Heavy minerals in use, M.A. Mange
and D.T. Wright, Editors. Elsevier: Radarweg 29, PO Box
211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Linacre house,
Jordan hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK. p. 345-392.
16. Cascalho, J. and C. Frandique, 2007. The sources
and hydrolic sorting of heavy minerals on the Northern
Portuguese, in Heavy minerals in use, M.A. Mange and D.T.
Wright, Editors. Elsevier: London. p. 75-110.
H thng sng Hng l ngun cung cp vt liu trm tch chnh cho b trm tch sng Hng v vnh Bc b. nh: TL
PETROVIETNAM
45 DU KH - S 11/2011
I. c trng a cht - khai thc cc thn du trong
nt n
Trn c s kt qu nghin cu ca nhiu tc gi [1,
2,, 19] v thc t hot ng khai thc mt lot m
nt n trn th gii nh Kirkuk - Iraq, Karatroc - Syria,
onhi vnhich - Bulgaria, Xamgori - Georgia, Tengis -
Kasacxtan, Cocdumalac - Uzbekistan, nhm cc m nt
n Groznu - Lin bang Nga v cc m du trong nt
n Vit Nam (Bch H, ng Nam Rng, S T en...)
c th c rt nhng c trng c bn ca cc thn du
trong mng nt n di y.
1. Cc thn du trong nt n nm rt su
Ranh gii di ca cc thn du trong nt n dao
ng trong khong rng t hn 2000m (m Karatroc
Syria) n trn 5500m (m Tengis Kazacxtan); nhiu m
c ranh gii di t 4000 - 5000m (nhm m nt n
Groznu).
2. Chiu cao hiu dng ca cc thn du trong nt n
rt ln
Cc thn du trong nt n c chiu cao hiu dng
t hn 250 n trn 1700m; p sut v nhit va cao;
cc ging khai thc c lu lng ln. M du trong
mng nt n c chiu dy hiu dng ~260m nh m
Cocdumalac Uzbekistan; m c chiu dy hiu dng ln
nht hin nay l m Bch H vi hn 1700m v c nhiu
ging lm vic vi sn lng trn 10000 thng/ng..
3. Cc thn du nm trong nt n c rng chung
khng vt qu 1%
rng ca cc thn du trong nt n rt nh,
gim dn khi chiu su tng ln; nc mng, cc b
rng c th ln n 5 - 7%, nhng cng xung su do p
lc va ln, rng kh b ch khong 0,1 - 0,6%, trung
bnh cho c thn du khong ~1% [3, 4, 5, 11].
4. Cc nt n c tnh h thng
nt n trong cc thn du pht trin mnh, nhng
nt n ln lin kt vi nhau to thnh h thng nt n.
Trong mi h thng nt n c hai nhm cc nt n chnh
c hng ct nhau vi gc gn 90
0
. H thng nt n c
tnh cht nh hng r rt v lp vi phng ngang mt
gc xc nh (Hnh 1).
5. thm ca cc nt n c tnh cht bt ng hng,
c gi tr ln v ph thuc mnh vo p sut
thm ca nt n trong h ta vung gc,
theo cc hng x, y, z c k hiu K
x
, K
y
, K
z
v c gi tr
khc bit nhau. Gi tr thm theo mt hng xc nh
c trng a cht - khai thc cc thn du
trong mng nt n v s khai thc theo
phn tng chiu su
TS. Phm Quang Ngc
Trn th gii c hn 200 m du c pht hin trong nt n, hang hc. Nguyn tc xy dng s khai
thc cc thn du trong mng nt n t trc n nay cha c nghin cu y . y l i tng khai thc c
nhiu c trng khc bit hn so vi trm tch, cn c nghin cu su hn vi mc ch a ra nhng gii php
nhm nng cao sn lng du thu hi.
Trn c s kt qu nghin cu, kho st ca nhiu tc gi, thc t hot ng ca nhiu m, tc gi c rt nhng
c trng a cht - khai thc c bn ca mng nt n v xut s cng ngh khai thc cc thn du theo phn
tng chiu su. Nghin cu cng cp n vic p dng nhng c trng c bn ca cha nt n vo qu trnh
thit k, pht trin v hot ng khai thc m.
46 DU KH - S 11/2011
c th ln hn nhiu ln (thm ch hng trm ln) so vi
gi tr thm theo hng khc. Khu vc c thm tt
nm gn nc mng; cng xung su gi tr thm gim
dn khng u, ph thuc mnh vo tnh cht thch hc
v p lc va.
Trong mi trng nt n cha du, thm ph
thuc rt mnh vo p sut. Khi p sut bin i, thm
thay i theo quy lut hm m phi tuyn k = k
0
e
-P
. H s
thm k
0
rt kh xc nh trong phng th nghim v cc
mu li iu kin b mt khng gi c nguyn trng
nh iu kin va. thm ph thuc mnh vo p sut
phn nh tnh cht co khp hay m rng ca cc khe nt
khi p sut thay i (Hnh 2, [11]).
thm ca nt n cha du dao ng trong
khong rt ln t vi mD n vi nghn mD, c bit c ni
ln n trn 10 nghn mD. V vy dng thm trong mi
trng ny kh ln v c phn nh qua sn lng du
thu hi ca nhiu ging rt cao.
6. Cc thng s thu ng ca du thay i theo chiu su
Chiu dy hiu dng ca cc thn du trong nt n
ln v c nh hng rt mnh ln cc thng s ca du
nh: hm lng kh G
; p sut bo ho P
boho
; h s th
tch b
va
; nht , t khi ; h s nn
cp
; hm lng kh
metan
4
, khi lng theo mol
va
... Nhng thng s
ny thay i theo chiu su ca thn du. Quy lut bin
i ca cc thng s ca du theo chiu su ph thuc
vo cu trc cc thn du, thnh phn thch hc, p sut
v nhit va ca tng m c th. c trng ny th hin
r nhng thn du c chiu dy hiu dng ln, v d
nh mng m Bch H [12].
7. Dng thm trong nt n c quy lut phi tuyn
Dng thm trong nt n, hang hc
cha du c vn tc vi gi tr kh ln v
khng tun theo quy lut Darcy tuyn tnh.
Quy lut dng thm trong mi trng nt
n, hang hc c vit dng [6, 11, 17]:

y l quy lut phi tuyn, vi P- chnh
p; L - chiu di khong kho st; k - thm;
- nht ng lc hc; - t khi cht lu;
w - vn tc dng thm; - hng s xc nh
bng th nghim. Trong cng thc (1), khi vn
tc thm c gi tr kh b, s hng cha w
2

c th b qua, khi (1) s tr v cng thc
tuyn tnh p dng cho trm tch. Cng
thc (1) c gi l nh lut Darcy tng qut.
Hnh 1. H thng nt n trn b mt ca ni
Hnh 2. S thay i cc khong lm vic ca ging nhiu ch hot ng khc nhau
(1)
PETROVIETNAM
47 DU KH - S 11/2011
* Cng thc Diu Piu
Quy lut dng thm trong nt n tun theo quy
lut phi tuyn, v vy cng thc Diu Piu vit cho trng
hp ny s c dng phc tp hn. i vi dng thm
phng, hng knh n ging khai thc, cng thc Diu Piu
c vit dng [11]:

Vi - nht ng lc hc; P = P
v
- P
; P
v
- p sut
va; P
- p sut y; k - thm; h - khong lm vic ca

ging; - h s bin i p sut; r
c
- bn knh ging khoan;
R
K
- bn knh vng nui.
Trng hp, khi P < 100atm, cng thc (2) c th
a v dng:

i vi ging bm p, tip nhn nc c xc
nh theo cng thc [11]:

Vic p dng cc cng thc (2), (3) v (4) tnh ton
i hi phi bit cc thng s , P
v
, P
, k
0
, h, r
c
, R
K
v ;
trong cc thng s R
K
v l kh xc nh nht.
Nhng c trng c bn nu trn cho thy dng
thm ca du trong cha nt n khc bit hn so vi
dch chuyn ca du trong cc trm tch.
II. S khai thc theo phn tng chiu su
Vic thit k - khai thc cc thn du trong mng
nt n c chiu dy hiu dng ln t ra vn cn phi
xy dng s cng ngh khai thc m nh th no
c th t h s thu hi du cao nht.
Thc t khai thc thn du trong mng m
Bch H, vi chiu dy hiu dng ln hn 1700m cho
thy, vic cc ging khai thc hot ng cng lc,
nhiu chiu su khc nhau, vi sn lng du thu hi v
t l nc trong sn phm rt khc nhau (hu nh khng
theo mt quy lut no), cho mt bc tranh thu ng
ht sc phc tp. Nc bm p dng cao nhiu ni,
gy ngp nc cc ging khai thc rt sm (ging 409,
417). Kh nng p y du ca nc bm l rt ln, mt
phn tr lng du c th cha c p y ht, tn li
pha di hoc dch chuyn chm; nc bm p chuyn
ng nhanh, vt ln trc, xut hin nhiu ni gn
nc mng.
c trng chiu dy hiu dng ln ca cc thn
du trong mng nt n v nhng tnh cht ring bit
khc cho thy nu tin hnh thit k pht trin m theo
nhng nguyn tc truyn thng s c nhiu hn ch, h
s thu hi du khng cao. Mt s hn ch thng gp
nh: khng tn thu hi cc tr lng (b st tr lng),
cc ging khai thc b ngp nc sm sau khi tin hnh
bm p, sn lng du thu hi ca cc ging gim nhanh
trong qu trnh khai thc, vic chuyn ch khai thc t
t phun sang gazlift c kt qu b hn ch v m c th
kt thc hot ng sm.
tin hnh thit k khai thc cc thn du trong
mng nt n vi chiu dy hiu dng ln, chng ti
xut s khai thc theo phn tng chiu su. S khai
thc theo phn tng chiu su (Hnh 3) c xy dng
theo nhng nguyn tc sau:
1. Phn chia i tng theo phn tng chiu su
Trn c s chiu dy hiu dng ca c i tng khai
thc (cc thn du trong nt n), chia i tng thnh
mt s phn tng khai thc; mi phn tng c mt chiu
dy xc nh, vi nhng c trng a cht - khai thc
tng ng. Chiu dy hiu dng ca c thn du l c
s quyt nh s lng cc phn tng. C th chn
mi phn tng vi chiu dy hiu dng xc nh, khng
u nhau, tu thuc vo cu trc a cht ca tng m c
th. Ring phn tng th I tnh t di ln, do c trng
vng ny c rng v thm kh b; vng ny v sau
s m nhn vai tr l vng bm p, v vy c chiu cao
c la chn ln hn (v d nh mng m Bch H t
4000m n ranh gii di l 4850m [12], c th c xem
l phn tng th l, l vng bm p). Sau mt thi gian
khai thc, phn tng ny c chuyn sang lm vng
bm p nc. Phn tng th I c xc nh t ranh gii
di c du tr ln n im xc nh theo thit k, cc
phn tng tip theo s l phn tng th II, th III v tip
tc cc phn tng khc cho n nc mng. Vic phn
chia cc phn tng cn da trn cu trc ca i tng,
tr lng tng khu vc khi a vo hot ng khai
thc c hiu qu.
Thc t nhiu m, chiu dy hiu dng ca cc thn
du khng phi bao gi cng c th chia thnh nhiu
phn tng. V d m Cocdumalac Uzbekistan, chiu dy
(2)
(3)
(4)
48 DU KH - S 11/2011
hiu dng ~260m [11, 17]. Trong trng hp ny chng ta
xem c thn du nh mt phn tng, cc ging khai thc
v bm p c b tr theo nguyn tc nc bm p y
du t di ln. Nh vy cc thn du trong mng
c th c chia ra mt phn tng m ny; thn du
khc c th chia lm hai, ba phn tng hoc nhiu hn
m khc.
2. Xy dng h thng khai thc chung cho ton i
tng, ph hp vi cc c trng ca tng phn tng.
H thng khai thc s bao gm h thng cc ging khai
thc v h thng cc ging bm p, chng c b tr
mi phn tng ph hp vi trt t a cc ging vo hot
ng. Phn tng th I nm su nht, c b tr cc ging
bm p.
3. Trt t tin hnh khai thc cc phn tng
Phn tng th I nm di cng s c a vo khai
thc u tin; nhng phn tng tip theo c a vo
hot ng sau khi kt thc thu hi du phn tng
pha di. V lu di, phn tng th I s m nhim vai
tr vng bm p nc duy tr p sut va, v vy cc
ging m y s c giai on tin bm p, c ngha
cc ging s hot ng khai thc t 3 - 6 thng (hoc
hn) ty theo kh nng thu hi du ca tng ging v
c chuyn dn sang bm p. Sau khi kt thc khai
thc phn tng th I v chuyn sang bm p, s bt
u thc hin khai thc phn tng th II; kt thc khai
thc phn tng th II s tip tc khai thc phn tng
th III v cc phn tng k tip cho n phn tng cui
cng. Vic chuyn hot ng khai thc t phn tng ny
sang phn tng khc ph thuc vo tc dng ln ca
ranh gii du nc.
Phn tng th I m nhn vai tr vng bm p s
nhanh chng no nc (v rng b) v dn bnh trng
ln phn tng th II. Qu trnh bm p nc lin tc vi
khi lng xc nh lin kt dn phn tng th I vi
phn tng th II thnh khu vc bm p nc mi dn y
du i ln. Nh vy cc phn tng khai thc s dn gim
bt, cn li cc phn tng pha trn; phn tng th I m
rng dn do bm p, ln chim ch ca du cc phn
tng pha trn thnh vng bm p mi.
Vic ng thi tin hnh khai thc cc phn tng khc
pha trn, ngay khi a phn tng th II vo hot ng
vi nhiu mc khc nhau, s to nn st p cc b
mt s ging, do khng qun l tt ch lm vic ca
ging, s l nguyn nhn chnh to ra bc nhy p sut,
lm xut hin li nc dng cao cc b nhiu ni [16].
H qu l ph v s cn bng dng ln ng u ca ranh
gii du nc, mt s ni nc dng cao to thnh li
nc, lm ngp cc ging khai thc. Vic thit lp vng
bm p v to ranh gii du nc n nh theo phng
ngang dn y du ln pha trn s cho kh nng thu hi
du cao.
4. Xy dng cc phng n khai thc
Cc phng n khai thc s c xy dng vi mt
s s phn b ging khc nhau v c tnh ton trn
m hnh thu ng. Trn c s kt qu tnh ton s phn
tch t m u khuyt im trc khi la chn phng n
cui cng trin khai trn thc t. Phng n c s s l
phng n khai thc ch t nhin (khng c bm
p nc duy tr p sut va); xy dng 3 - 5 phng n
ch c duy tr p sut va bng bm p nc vi nhng
iu kin v s b tr ging khc nhau, cho php nh
gi hiu qu ca vic trin khai s khai thc theo phn
tng chiu su v vic xc nh chiu dy hp l ca mi
phn tng.
5. Nhp khai thc v vn duy tr nng lng va
Nhp khai thc ng vai tr quyt nh n hiu
qu thu hi du. Trong mng nt n, nhp thu hi
du cao s lm p sut va gim nhanh chng; vic bm
p nc duy tr p sut va mc cn thit m t gy
ngp nc cc ging khai thc l rt kh khn. Thc t
khai thc cc thn du trong mng nt n nh Bch
H, ng Nam Rng, S T en... minh chng cho nhn
xt ny. V vy cn xc lp nhp thu hi du hp l cho
mi i tng khai thc. Vic xc lp nhp thu hi du
hp l i hi kinh nghim, s phn tch t m v kim
chng trn m hnh thu ng. nng cao h s thu hi
du, cn p dng cc gii php tng cng thu hi du
cho mi phn tng, ph hp vi c trng a cht - khai
thc ca chng.
H thng bm p c b tr phn tng th I, gn
vi ranh gii du nc, duy tr p sut va v p y du
ln pha trn. khc phc tnh trng p sut va suy gim
nhanh v nc dch chuyn mnh trong nt n, d gy
ngp nc cc ging khai thc, cn thc hin bm p sm
nhng vi nhp b, khi lng nc bm khng ln.
Nh vy s gi cho p sut va suy gim chm m t gy
ngp nc. Khi hnh thnh vng bm p n nh, do
PETROVIETNAM
49 DU KH - S 11/2011
tnh cht khng thun nghch ca cha nt n, gi
p sut khng i mc cn thit phi bm ~110% th
tch nc so vi th tch cht lu thu hi. Vic s dng
ging khoan ngang bm p nc s cho hiu qu
cao, vi s lng ging t vn m bo khi lng nc
bm p cn thit, nc bm lan to kh ng u theo
phng ngang v to nn mt phn cch du nc n
nh. Thc t bm p nc duy tr p sut va mng
m Bch H cho kt qu rt tt.
u im ca S khai thc theo phn tng chiu
su l thu hi c bn cc tr lng du ca tng tng, hn
ch ti a kh nng gy ngp nc nhanh cc ging khai
thc v khng ch s dng cao ca li nc. p dng
s khai thc theo phn tng chiu su c hiu qu i
hi phi c s kim sot v iu chnh khai thc linh hot.
Qu trnh chuyn hot ng khai thc t phn tng ny
sang phn tng khc hp l s thu hi c cc tr lng
c bn v cho hiu qu cao.
III. p dng nhng c trng ca cha nt n vo
qu trnh thit k, pht trin v khai thc m
1. Cc thn du trong cha nt n nm rt su
vi nc mng xc nh, cnh bo chng ta kh nng hn
ch khi thc hin bm p nc hoc khai thc ch
gazlift. i vi nhng i tng nh v quy m v tr
lng th vic khai thc chng s gp nhiu kh khn
ch gazlift hoc bm p duy tr nng lng va. V rng
khi c thn du nm su th v tr bm p l vng cn y,
trong mt vng c din tch hp s rt kh tm c ging
c tip nhn tt bm p v rt d
gy ngp nc cc ging khai thc. Vic
bm p kh thc hin gazlift li cng
kh i vi cc ging su. Thc t hot
ng khai thc cc m nt n ch
gazlift ca cc ging nm su cho kt qu
ht sc hn ch. Trong trng hp ny
vn tit kim nng lng va duy tr
khai thc n nh lu di ng vai tr ht
sc quan trng. Khi vn b sung nng
lng va gp kh khn th cn khai thc
vi nhp nh nng lng va c thi
gian ti phc hi.
2. rng chung khng vt qu
1% l ch s quan trng gip thm nh
tr lng ca c i tng khi nh gi
tr lng a cht ban u. Vic nh gi
qu lc quan v tr lng s dn n lng
ph ln khi trin khai xy dng m v m s sm chm dt
hot ng.
3. Chiu dy hiu dng ca cc thn du ln cho
php p dng s khai thc theo phn tng chiu su,
tn thu hi cc tr lng v khng ch hiu qu tnh trng
ngp nc nhanh cc ging khai thc. Vic chuyn i cc
khong lm vic ca ging khai thc theo tng phn tng
khai thc s huy ng c nhiu tr lng vo qu trnh
khai thc. m Bch H vic chuyn khong khai thc
cho hiu qu rt tt, l kinh nghim qu p dng cho
nhng m khc.
4. Tnh cht nt n c tnh h thng, nghing mt
gc xc nh so vi phng ngang c p dng c
hiu qu trong qu trnh khoan ging; qu o ging
khoan cn c xc lp ct nhiu cc nt n ln dc
ng to iu kin tt khi a ging vo khai thc, tip
nhn dng thm nhiu khong.
5. thm ca cha nt n thng rt kh xc
nh trong phng th nghim cng nh thc t khi
ging ang hot ng. Nghin cu bc u cho php
xc nh thm khong lm vic ca ging dn [19].
Tnh cht co khp hoc gin m ca cc nt n c nh
hng ln n ch lm vic ca ging v kh nng
thu hi du; khi xc lp c ch hot ng hp l s
nng cao ng k kh nng thu hi du tng ging c
th. Gi tr thm ln ca nt n ni chung, thun li
cho ging khai thc hot ng, cho sn lng du thu hi
Hnh 3. S khai thc theo phn tng chiu su
50 DU KH - S 11/2011
rt ln; i vi ging bm p s c tip nhn ln, tuy
nhin kha cnh khc s l yu t gip nc xm nhp
mnh vo cc ging khai thc. khc phc nhc im
ny cn tin hnh bm p sm cc m nt n nhng
vi nhp b v khi lng bm khng ln duy tr p
sut va, gi cho n khng suy gim nhanh, hn ch kh
nng xut hin li nc.
6. Trong qu trnh kho st, vic ng ging
nghin cu, do tnh cht co khp hoc gin m cc nt n
khi p sut thay i, lm sai lch bc tranh thu ng
dng thm thc t chy n ging, v vy cn xc lp ch
hot ng hp l cho tng ging.
S thay i cc tnh cht ca du va theo chiu su
gy phc tp cho cng tc thit k, kim sot iu chnh
khai thc v tnh ton cc ch s cng ngh khai thc.
Trong lnh vc thit k, s thay i tnh cht ca du
va theo chiu su i hi phi c nhiu nghin cu th
nghim xc nh cc c trng ca du, quy lut bin
i v cc tnh cht PVT. Trn m hnh thu ng vic
tnh ton cc ch s cng ngh khai thc s phc tp hn
khi tnh cht ca cht lu thay i. S thay i tnh cht
ca du va theo chiu su s c xy dng di dng
bng, cho tng khu vc s gip chnh xc ho kt qu
tnh ton.
Vic kim sot nhit , p sut va trong qu trnh
khai thc s kh khn do du vn ng ti cc ging
khng u nhau v cc ging bm p c tip nhn
khc nhau s to nn bc tranh thu ng ht sc phc
tp. Nu nh p sut bo ho du ban u tng dn t
ranh gii di c du ln nc mng, th sau mt thi gian
khai thc, do s vn ng ca cht lu (du, nc) quy
lut ny b ph v, la chn mt gi tr p sut bo ho
su xc nh, ti mt thi im xc nh lm c s k
thut bm p nc duy tr p sut va s kh khn. Vic
chn ng gi tr p sut va cn duy tr, s m bo phn
tr lng cha c thu hi khng b tch kh v khai thc
n nh; ngc li s c kt qu khng tt.
IV. Kt lun
1. Cc thn du trong cha nt n c nhiu c
trng ni bt, nm rt su v c chiu dy hiu dng ln
t 250 - 1700m. Tnh h thng ca cha nt n vi
thm c gi tr xc nh trong khong rt ln nhiu m
l iu kin dng thm c quy lut thm phi tuyn
chy n ging vi lu lng ln.
2. S khai thc theo phn tng chiu su, p
dng cho cc thn du trong cha nt n c chiu dy
hiu dng ln cho php huy ng c c bn tr lng
du, thc hin bm p nc duy tr p sut va mc cn
thit, m bo qu trnh khai thc n nh, t gy ngp
nc cc ging.
3. Trt t a cc phn tng vo khai thc theo
nguyn tc t di ln. Vic chuyn hot ng khai thc
t phn tng ny sang phn tng khc ph thuc vo tc
dng ln ca mt phn cch du nc. Vic gi cho
mt phn cch du nc dng ln n nh theo phng
ngang s gip y du ln pha trn v huy ng c tr
lng c bn vo khai thc.
4. Trn c s nhng c trng c bn ca cha nt
n, vic nghin cu, kho st a ra nhng gii php k
thut phc v cng tc thit k, kim sot, iu chnh khai
thc m s lm tng ng k sn lng du thu hi. PVJ
Ti liu tham kho
1. . , 1962.
. .
- , 272 .
2. ., 1966.
. . 283
.
3. ., 1975.
.
. 534 .
4. Van Golf-Racht T.D, 1982. Fundamentals of fractured
reservoir engineering Devlopmentals in petroleum sience
12. Elsevier Scientifc Publishing Company Amsterdam-
Oxford-Newyork. p.705.
5. .., 1986.
. . 327 .
6. .C. , , 1986.
. 294 .
7. Trng Cng Ti, Phm Quang Ngc. Mt s kt
qu nghin cu bc u trng nhit mng m Bch
H. ngha khoa hc v thc tin. Tp ch Du kh s
1/1993, H Ni, tr.22 - 33.
8. .., .. 1993.
.., ..

PETROVIETNAM
51 DU KH - S 11/2011

. Proceedings of the ffth national conference
on mechanics. Ha Noi, p. 23 - 30.
9. .., .., ..,
1994.
. . 308 .
10. Phm Huy Long, Trnh Vn Long v nnk, 1996.
Ngun gc thnh to, c im nt n, t gy mng
granitoid tng m Bch H, Rng v vng k cn. ti
NCKH theo hp ng s 23/96-VSP5.
11. .., 1997.

. . . 396 .
12. XNLD Vietsovpetro, Vin NCKH&TK Du kh bin.
1998. Hon thin Chnh xc ho s cng ngh khai thc
v xy dng m Bch H. Tp I, phn 2. Tp. Vng Tu, 187 tr.
13. Alisaev M.G., Phm Quang Ngc. Cc chun bm
p nc hp l vo thn du dng khi. H Ni. Tp ch Du
kh s 3/1999, tr. 18-23+48.
14. Phm Quang Ngc, 2000. Vn bm p nc
vo thn du mng m Bch H. Hi ngh Khoa hc cng
ngh 2000 Ngnh Du kh trc thm th k 21. Tp II,
Nh xut bn Thanh nin, H Ni, tr.51-60.
15. .., .., .., 2003.

.
x a. . .231-234.
16. .. 2007.

IV. - .
oa omoa, macpma a ,.
.33-41.
17. Phm Quang Ngc. M hnh mi v cc vng tr
lng cc b c huy ng vo khai thc ca thn du
mng m Bch H. H Ni. Tp ch Du kh s 3/2010,
tr.37-40.
18. Phm Quang Ngc. Phng php mi xc nh
thm cc khong lm vic ca ging theo s liu o dng
(PLT). H Ni, Tp ch Du kh s 7/2010, tr.27-31.
K G, Phan Thit. nh: Vn Khoa
52 DU KH - S 11/2011
I. Tng quan
Thc hin m c ca Ch tch H Ch Minh v ch o
ca ng v Chnh ph, cng tc tm kim, thm d du
kh c trin khai ti min Bc t u nhng nm 60 ca
th k trc, m u bng s ra i ca on Thm d
du la 36, ngy 27 thng 11 nm 1961. Vi s gip tn
tnh ca chuyn gia Lin X, sau 15 nm TKTD chng ta
pht hin ra m kh Tin Hi, pht trin v a m vo
khai thc phc v pht in v cng nghip a phng.
Sn lng khai thc kh m Tin Hi tuy khng ln, nhng
khng nh s c mt ca h thng du kh ti vng
trng Bc b ni ring v ti Vit Nam ni chung. Vo thi
im vic khai thc kh t m Tin Hi gp phn
ng k vo gii quyt nhng kh khn ca t nc v
ng thi cng gp phn hnh thnh v o to i ng
nhng ngi lm cng tc khai thc du kh u tin ca
Vit Nam.
Trn c s kt qu TKTD t c min Bc trong
giai on 1961 - 1975 v sau khi thng nht t nc,
ngy 3/9/1975 Tng cc Du kh Vit Nam c thnh lp
vi mc ch trin khai thm d, khai thc du kh trn
ton lnh th v vng bin Vit Nam.
Thnh tu trong cng tc pht trin m v khai
thc du kh, gii php thc hin k hoch
2011 - 2015 v nh hng 2025
(*)
Ban Khai thc Du kh
Tp on Du kh Vit Nam
Tm tt
Trong bi cnh kinh t ht sc kh khn sau ngy gii phng min Nam, thng nht t nc, vic khai thc c
nhng tn du kh u tin t cc m nh Tin Hi, Bch H c nh gi c gi tr bng hng trm tn du khai
thc v sau ny. Vic a m i Hng vo khai thc nm 1994 cho thy s thnh cng bc u trong hp tc tm
kim, thm d (TKTD) v khai thc du kh vi cc nc t bn ch ngha, khng nh s ng n ca ng v Chnh
ph trong ng li m ca hp tc kinh t vi tt c cc nc trn th gii. Ngy 1/5/1995 hon thnh xy dng v
a vo vn hnh ng ng dn kh Bch H - Dinh C nh du s khi u ca ngnh cng nghip kh hin i,
hon chnh cc khu t khai thc, thu gom, vn chuyn kh, sn xut in, m
Cho n nay Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam (PVN) ang khai thc du kh t 22 cm m, trong c 3
cm m t nc ngoi. Tng sn lng khai thc t 268,31 triu tn du v 63,91 t m
3
kh. Nm 2010 sn lng
du khai thc t 320 nghn thng/ngy m (43 nghn tn/ngy m), sn lng kh t 26 triu m
3
/ngy m.
Thc hin chin lc pht trin Ngnh Du kh giai on 2011 - 2015 v nh hng n 2025 c Th tng
Chnh ph ph duyt, Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam quyt tm pht huy nhng thnh qu t c, thc
hin thng li cc ch tiu k hoch t ra nh phn u gia tng sn lng du kh khai thc t 23 triu tn du
quy i nm 2011 ln 34 triu tn du quy i nm 2015. Gia tng sn lng du kh khai thc t 36,5 triu tn du
quy i nm 2016 ln 42,0 triu tn du quy i nm 2025. Phn u t tng sn lng du khai thc giai on
2016 - 2025 t 250 triu tn; tng sn lng khai thc kh giai on 2016 - 2025 t khong 168 t m
3
.
thc hin c k hoch sn lng trn, PVN s trin khai mt lot cc gii php ng b, ch trng trin khai
cc gii php t ph v qun l, pht trin ngun nhn lc v khoa hc cng ngh.
(
*
)
Bi vit c bo co ti Hi ngh Khoa hc - Cng ngh 2011
50 nm truyn thng Du kh Vit Nam: Thnh tu v Chin lc pht trin
PETROVIETNAM
53 DU KH - S 11/2011
S kin quan trng trong qu trnh pht trin Ngnh
Du kh l vic thnh lp XNLD Du kh Vietsovpetro
nm 1981 v tip theo l vic bt u khai thc du t
tng Miocen Bch H nm 1986. Trong bi cnh t
nc ang ht sc kh khn do b cm vn kinh t v
khng cn vin tr t cc nc XHCN, nhng tn du
do Vietsovpetro khai thc trong giai on ny c ngha
v cng to ln i vi vic n nh, pht trin kinh t
t nc. Tm quan trng ny c nguyn Th tng
Phm Vn ng nh gi mt tn du khai thc trong
lc ny c gi tr bng hng trm tn du khai thc v
sau ny, gp phn quan trng bo v chnh quyn, bo
v ch .
Nm 1988 bt u khai thc du t tng mng m
Bch H. Vic pht hin v khai thc thnh cng thn du
trong mng trc tam dn n s thay i quan
trng trong quan im v m ra mt hng mi trong
TKTD du kh Vit Nam.
Nm 1994 m i Hng c a vo khai thc. S
kin ny cho thy s thnh cng bc u trong hp tc
TKTD v khai thc du kh vi cc nc t bn ch ngha,
khng nh s ng n ca ng v Chnh ph trong
ng li m ca hp tc kinh t vi tt c cc nc trn
th gii.
Ngy 1/5/1995 hon thnh xy dng v a vo vn
hnh ng ng dn kh Bch H - Dinh C bc khi u
ca ngnh cng nghip kh hin i, hon chnh bao gm
cc khu khai thc, thu gom, vn chuyn kh, sn xut
in, m
Nhng nm tip sau vi vic pht hin v a vo
khai thc hng lot m du kh, trong t nm 2006
bt u c sn lng du khai thc t nc ngoi, cng
khng nh s pht trin ton din v lin tc ca Ngnh
Du kh Vit Nam.
Cho n nay PVN ang khai thc du kh t 22 m/
cm m, trong c 3 cm m t nc ngoi. Tng sn
lng khai thc tnh n ht 2010 t 268,31 triu tn du
v 63,91 t m
3
kh. Nm 2010 sn lng khai thc du t
320 nghn thng/ngy m (43 nghn tn/ngy m), sn
lng khai thc kh t 9,4 t m
3
(26 triu m
3
/ngy m).
II. Thnh tu
Trong khng kh vui mng cho mng 50 nm Ngy
Truyn thng Du kh v 36 nm thnh lp Ngnh, chng
ta c th t ho khng nh rng PVN thc hin c
c nguyn ca Ch tch H Ch Minh v ch o ca
ng, Chnh ph v xy dng Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam
hon chnh bao gm tt c cc lnh vc t khu TKTD,
khoan, khai thc du kh, ch bin, vn chuyn, tng
cha, phn phi cc sn phm du kh, n thit k, ch
to, xy dng v cc loi hnh dch v k thut du kh.
Trong chui gi tr hon chnh , khu TKTD v khai thc
du kh l ct li v nhn li chng ng 36 nm c
th im li mt s thnh tu quan trng trong lnh vc
khai thc nh sau:
+ a Vit Nam t nc khng c nn cng nghip
du kh tr thnh nc sn xut du kh ng th 3 khu
vc, gp phn ng k vo pht trin kinh t v m bo
an ninh nng lng cho t nc.
+ Xy dng v pht trin cng nghip kh hin i,
hiu qu, ng gp ngun nng lng quan trng cho
t nc.
+ Pht trin, khai thc 22 m/cm m du kh trong
v ngoi nc, m bo vic duy tr v gia tng sn lng
khai thc du kh.
+ Lm ch cng tc vn hnh cc m c cc h thng
thit b khai thc hin i.
+ i tin phong trong cng ngh thm d v khai
thc du trong mng trc tam, to ra quan im
mi trong TKTD, bc u lm ch cng ngh khai du t
i tng mng v cho php duy tr sn lng khai thc
du kh Vit Nam.
+ t iu hnh cng tc pht trin, khai thc cc
m du kh khu vc nc su hn, xa b hn.
+ Xy dng c cc c s nghin cu, thit k (VPI,
NIPI) phc v c lc cho hot ng thm d, khai thc.
+ xy dng v pht trin c tim lc c kh ch
to cc kt cu cng trnh bin hin i phc v pht trin
v khai thc du kh.
+ Xy dng i ng cn b qun l v k thut ln
mnh nhanh chng, thay th c cc chuyn gia nc
ngoi trong hu ht cc khu quan trng.
+ Nhng thnh cng ban u ca cc n du kh
nc ngoi.
Di y l mt vi thng tin chi tit v cc thnh tu
nu:
54 DU KH - S 11/2011
1. a Vit Nam t nc khng c nn cng nghip du
kh tr thnh nc sn xut du kh ng th ba khu
vc, gp phn ng k vo pht trin kinh t v m
bo an ninh nng lng cho t nc
T khi bt u khai thc (1986) n nay ton ngnh
khai thc c 268,31 triu tn du, trong :
+ Sn lng khai thc t Vietsovpetro: 189,9 triu tn.
+ Sn lng khai thc t PVEP: 78,3 triu tn.
+ Sn lng ca Tp on t nc ngoi (m
Nhenhetxky): 0,1 triu tn.
Trong hn 36 nm hnh thnh v pht trin, PVN
c nhng ng gp quan trng cho pht trin kinh t - x
hi ca t nc, gp phn bo m an ninh nng lng,
an ninh lng thc v bo v ch quyn bin o ca t
nc. ng gp ca ton Ngnh lun mc cao khong
18 - 20% GDP ca c nc, np ngn sch chim trung
bnh 25 - 30% tng thu ngn sch hng nm ca t nc,
kim ngch xut khu chim trung bnh 15% kim ngch
xut khu ca c nc.
Tng doanh thu ton ngnh giai on 2006 - 2010 l
1.424.509 t ng, trong :
+ Ngoi t: 45,618 t USD.
+ Ni t: 649,51 nghn t ng.
Np ngn sch Nh nc giai on 2006 - 2010 l
507.962 t ng, trong :
+ Ngoi t: 24,133 t USD.
+ Ni t: 100,17 nghn t ng.
Trong doanh thu t du th khng ngng gia tng
qua cc nm. Doanh thu t du th nm 2003 t gn 4
t USD v lin tc tng vi tc cao t trn 10 t USD
nm 2010.
2. Pht trin cng nghip kh hin i, hiu qu, tr
thnh lnh vc nng lng quan trng
Hin nay PVN v cc nh thu ang khai thc kh t 9
m, bao gm cc m kh Lan Ty, Rng i - Rng i Ty,
PM-3 CAA, v cc m kh ng hnh: Bch H, Rng ng,
Phng ng, S T Vng, S T en, C Ng Vng... Sn
lng kh khai thc hng nm ca PVN lin tc tng qua cc
nm. Tng sn lng kh khai thc xut v b t 63,92 t
m
3
, tng ng 63,92 triu tn du quy i. Nm 2010
khai thc kh t mc cao nht t trc ti nay 9,40 t m
3
,
bng 118% k hoch nm, tng 18% so vi sn lng nm
2009. Vic khai thc kh to ngun cung cp nhin liu
sch pht trin cc nh my in kh, cc nh my m,
gp phn bo m an ninh nng lng v lng thc, bo
v ti nguyn v bo v mi trng, to ngun thu ln cho
Nh nc. Sn lng in kh v m do PVN sn xut
gp phn quan trng bo m ngun in cho pht trin
kinh t t nc v bo m pht trin sn xut nng
nghip. Tng cng sut ca cc nh my pht in dng
kh chim khong 40% cng sut cc nh my pht in
ton quc. PVN hng nm cung cp 38 - 40% nhu cu m
cho sn xut nng nghip ca c nc.
3. Pht trin, khai thc 22 m/cm m du kh trong v
ngoi nc, m bo vic duy tr v gia tng sn lng
khai thc
Nhm ngn chn gim sn lng du khai thc khi
cc m ch lc nh Bch H, S T en, Rng ng bc
vo giai on khai thc suy thoi, trong khi cha c nhng
pht hin cc m du kh c kch c tng t, PVN ch
o v cng cc nh thu du kh tp trung y mnh cng
tc thm lng v pht trin khn trng a cc m
du kh mi vo khai thc. Bn cnh vic tp trung thm
lng cc m/cu to mi pht hin, PVN c nhiu ci
tin v th tc ph duyt ODP, FDP v quyt lit ch o
trin khai xy dng m a khai thc sm nht c th.
Trong giai on 2006 - 2010 a 20 m/cng trnh trong
nc v nc ngoi vo khai thc bao gm cc m: C
Ng Vng (2008), S T Vng (2008), Phng ng (2008),
Sng c (2009), S T en ng Bc (2010), Pearl (2010),
Topaz (2010). Nam Rng, i Mi, BK-15, BK-14, BK-9 v
D30, Bc Khosedai.
Ring nm 2010 Tp on a 9 m/cng trnh mi
vo khai thc, bao gm:
- Trong nc: 7 m/cng trnh:
+ Nam Rng - i Mi vo khai thc thng mi
(28/01/2010).
+ Gin u ging S T en ng Bc vo khai thc
(30/4//2010).
+ M Pearl vo khai thc (7/8/2010)
+ M Topaz vo khai thc (1/11/2010).
+ Cng trnh BK-15 m Bch H vo khai thc
(9/2010).
(10/2010).
PETROVIETNAM
55 DU KH - S 11/2011
(15/10/2010).
- Nc ngoi:
+ M D30 (l SK305 Malaysia) vo khai thc
(22/6/2010).
+ M Bc Khosedai (Nenetsky, Lin bang Nga) vo
khai thc (9/2010).
4. lm ch cng tc vn hnh cc m c cc h thng
thit b khai thc hin i
Do iu kin a cht thy vn bin nc ta phc tp,
c tnh a cht m v lu th du kh a dng nn cng
ngh, trang thit b v h thng iu hnh trn cc cng
trnh khai thc, x l du kh ti Vit Nam c thit k v
xy dng vi tnh hin i cao p ng tiu chun quc t v
k thut v an ton. Trong bao gm nhiu cng trnh c
tnh phc tp cao nh cm m Bch H v Rng bao gm 44
cng trnh kt ni vi nhau bng h thng ng ng dn
du, kh vi tng chiu di ln ti trn 500km; cc m Rng
ng, cm m S T, Lan Ty... bao gm cc h thng thit
b hin i, phc tp nhng c vn hnh, khai thc an
ton, hiu qu.
Kt qu hot ng thc t cho thy cc h thng
trang thit b khai thc, x l du kh ca cc m lun t
trn 90%, nhiu m/cng trnh t trn 98% thi gian vn
hnh an ton trong nhiu nm lin.
5. i tin phong trong cng ngh thm d v khai thc
du trong mng trc tam, to ra quan im mi
trong TKTD, bc u lm ch cng ngh khai thc du
t i tng mng v cho php duy tr sn lng khai
thc du kh Vit Nam
Mt trong nhng thnh tu ni bt trong lnh vc
khai thc du kh ca PVN l vic pht hin v khai thc
hiu qu thn du mng m Bch H. Nm 1985 bng
ging khoan BH-01 Vietsovpetro pht hin ra du
trong mng nt n trc tam. Vic pht hin thn du
mng m Bch H c ngha quan trng v lm thay i
quan im v TKTD du kh. Trc hu nh tt c cc
ging khoan ti b Cu Long u dng trc mng
tam. Theo hng tm kim du kh mi, cc nh thu du
kh pht hin ra mt lot cc m du kh mi trong
mng nh: ng Bc Rng, ng Rng, Rng ng,
Hng Ngc, Phng ng, ng Nam Rng, S T en,
S T Vng, C Ng Vng, Nam Rng - i Mi, S T Nu,
Nam trung tm Rng, Hi S en, H Xm Nam, Thng
Long, ng
Hin nay tng tr lng du trong mng chim 80%
tr lng du c nc. Tng sn lng du khai thc t
mng t 77% tng sn lng du khai thc ca cc
m Vit Nam. C th ni vic pht hin v khai thc hiu
qu thn du mng nt n m Bch H to nn mng
vng chc Vietsovpetro pht trin v chnh thnh cng
l tin quan trng Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam pht
trin v t c nhng thnh qu nh ngy nay v a
Vit Nam tr thnh quc gia ng u trong khai thc
du t thn du mng nt n trc tam.
6. t iu hnh cng tc pht trin, khai thc cc m
du kh khu vc nc su hn, xa b hn
M i Hng vi mc nc trn 110m l m p dng
cng ngh u ging ngm khai thc du u tin ti Vit
Nam. Sau mt thi gian c iu hnh bi cc nh thu
du kh nc ngoi, do iu kin a cht phc tp, iu
kin khai thc kh khn, m c chuyn giao li cho
pha Vit Nam iu hnh. Pht huy tinh thn trch nhim,
dm ngh dm lm, Tng cng ty PVEP mau chng tip
qun v vn hnh an ton tuyt i cc ging v h thng
trang thit b ca m, ng thi a m vo pht trin
giai on 2 mt cch thnh cng.
Nm 2009 sau khi nh thu nc ngoi rt khi l
05-2, 05-3 PVN thnh lp Cng ty iu hnh Du kh
Bin ng l n v th 2, sau PVEP i Hng t lc iu
hnh ton b cc hot ng du kh theo khun kh hp
ng du kh.
Nm 2011 nh du mt bc trng thnh vng
chc ca PVN sau khi ch to v lp t thnh cng hai
gin nc su cho hai n t lc trn: gin i Hng 02
vi chiu cao 119m, nng 4900 tn v gin Mc Tinh ni
c mc nc su trn 133m vi trng lng 6.600 tn l
nhng kt cu ln nht tng c ch to trong nc t
trc ti nay.
7. Xy dng c cc c s nghin cu, thit k (VPI,
NIPI) phc v c lc cho hot ng thm d, khai thc
Du kh l mt ngnh cng nghip khng nhng i
hi vn u t ln m cn l mt trong nhng ngnh i
hi phi u t nghin cu, p dng nhng cng ngh
tin tin v hin i bc nht. Nm bt c yu cu
ngay t khi mi thnh lp ngnh v trong sut qu trnh
pht trin cc th h lnh o ca Tp on ch trng
56 DU KH - S 11/2011
o to v hnh thnh i ng cn b nghin cu v thit
k, u t xy dng c s trang thit b. Cho n nay, cc
trung tm phn tch, th nghim v nghin cu du kh ti
Vin Du kh Vit Nam (VPI) v Vin Nghin cu v Thit k
bin ca Vietsovpetro (NIPI) pht trin ngang tm khu
vc, lm ch v thc hin tt c hu ht cc khu
phn tch mu, x l s liu v trin khai nghin cu
thnh cng nhiu d n, ti, cng trnh quan trng h
tr cho cng tc pht trin, qun l v khai thc m du
kh c kp thi, hiu qu.
Trong nhng nm gn y VPI v NIPI ch trng
y mnh u t trin khai cc nghin cu, p dng cc
gii php nng cao h s thu hi du nh: ch to cht
hot ng b mt, cht to nt lm thay i thm,
tng cng h s y qut du trong qu trnh bm p
nc, th nghim bm p t hp vi sinh ho l, bm p
CO
2
v kh thin nhin... Cc nghin cu trn m ra
hng i mi cho vic tng cng h s thu hi du trn
thc t iu kin m Vit Nam.
Mt s cng trnh nghin cu quan trng c th k
n l:
+ Thit k khai thc m Bch H.
+ Hon thin phng php kim sot v iu chnh
khai thc thn du mng m Bch H v xc nh ch
lm vic ti u ca cc ging khai thc v bm p.
+ Cng ngh ngn cch nc trong cc ging thn
trn thuc tng mng.
+ Nghin cu th nghim phc h vi sinh ho l tng
cng thu hi du.
+ Nghin cu bm th nghim CO
2
, kh thin nhin
vo va nhm nng cao h s thu hi du...
8. xy dng v pht trin c tim lc c kh ch to
cc kt cu cng trnh bin hin i phc v pht trin v
khai thc du kh
Song hnh vi nhng thnh tu trong lnh vc TDKT
du kh, lnh vc ch to, xy lp cc cng trnh du kh
cng t c nhiu thnh tu ng t ho. pht huy
ni lc, tnh ch ng, sng to ca i ng cn b, cng
nhn vin du kh, PVN u t xy dng cc n v
chuyn v thit k, ch to, xy lp cng trnh du kh.
Trong cc n v ng u v nng lc ch to, xy lp
phi k n VSP, PTSC MC, PVC MS.
T khi thnh lp VSP m nhn ch to ton b cc
cng trnh phc v hot ng khai thc du kh ca VSP vi
trn 200 nghn tn kt cu kim loi, trong c:
+ 13 gin khoan khai thc MSP.
+ 20 gin khai thc BK.
+ 2 gin trung tm CPP.
+ Thi cng lp t 04 tu du FSO. Lp t trn
600km ng ng du kh ni m.
+ Ch to gn 100 nghn tn kt cu kim loi cho cc
cng ty du kh khc nh: JVPC, Bin ng, PVEP POC,
VRJ, Premier Oil, Cu Long, Hon V, Trng Sn, PVGas,
Petronas, CNOOC, B Quc phng
PTSC mc d ra i sau nhng c bc trng
thnh nhanh chng, c nng lc ch to nhng
chn ln cho cc d n nc su nh chn gin
Chim So nng gn 4 nghn tn, khi thng tng gin S
T en WHP-A nng 2,2 nghn tn. Nng lc ch to ca
PTSC khng ngng tng hng nm.
9. Xy dng i ng cn b qun l v k thut ln mnh
nhanh chng, thay th c cc chuyn gia nc ngoi
trong hu ht cc khu quan trng
T nhng lu hc sinh u tin c ng v Chnh
ph c i o to chuyn ngnh du kh u nhng nm
1960, n nay PVN c i ng gn 50 nghn ngi hot
ng trong cc lnh vc cng nghip du kh: t thm d,
khai thc, ch bin, vn chuyn, tng cha, m, ho cht,
in kh, xy lp, xy dng n cc ngnh dch v k thut
du kh Ban u ngi Vit Nam ch m nhn nhng v
tr n gin, cc v tr ch cht u do ngi nc ngoi
m nhim, n nay phn ln cc v tr quan trng nh
gim c iu hnh, trng d n, trng cc phng ban
k thut v iu hnh, thit k... c thay th bng
ngi Vit Nam. Thng qua hot ng thc tin, tinh thn
dm ngh dm lm, dm chu trch nhim tnh chuyn
nghip ca i ng ny ngy cng c nng cao.
10. Cc thnh cng ban u ca cc n du kh nc
ngoi
Thc hin chin lc pht trin Ngnh Du kh Vit
Nam n nm 2015 v nh hng n nm 2025
c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt, trong c chin
lc y mnh u t thm d, khai thc du kh ra nc
ngoi, t u nhng nm 2000 PVN trin khai k kt
nhiu hp ng TKTD nc ngoi c bit l nhng
nc, khu vc c nhiu tim nng du kh. Nm 2006 ln
u tin c tn du u tin khai thc du t nc
ngoi, ti m Cendor thuc l PM-304, Malaysia. Cho n
PETROVIETNAM
57 DU KH - S 11/2011
nay c thm nhiu m khc c a vo hot ng
nh: Dana (l SK 305, Malaysya); Nhenhetxky, Visovoi
(Nga) v ang khn trng pht trin a m Junin-2
(Venezuela) v cc m Bir Sabar, MOM (l 433a & 416b,
Algeria) vo khai thc.
III. K hoch 2011 - 2015 v nh hng 2025
Thc hin chin lc pht trin Ngnh Du kh giai
on 2011 - 2015 v nh hng n 2025 c Th
tng Chnh ph ph duyt, PVN quyt tm pht huy
nhng thnh qu t c, thc hin thng li cc
ch tiu k hoch t ra. Ton Tp on phn u gia
tng sn lng khai thc du kh quy i tng t 23 triu
tn nm 2011 ln 34 triu tn nm 2015. Trong khai
thc du th tng t 15 triu tn nm 2011 ln 20 triu
tn nm 2015. Khai thc kh tng t 8 t m
3
nm 2011
ln 14 t m
3
nm 2015. Gia tng sn lng khai thc du
kh quy i t 36,5 triu tn nm 2016 ln 42,0 triu tn
nm 2025. Trong khai thc du th tng t 21,7 triu
tn nm 2016 ln 27,2 triu tn nm 2025. Khai thc du
t nc ngoi tng t 6 triu tn nm 2016 ln 17 triu
tn nm 2025.
IV. Cc gii php thc hin k hoch
thc hin c k hoch sn lng trn PVN s
trin khai mt lot cc gii php ng b, trong c
bit ch trng trin khai 03 gii php t ph v qun l,
pht trin ngun nhn lc, khoa hc cng ngh nh
ra trong Chin lc tng tc pht trin ca Tp on.
1. Gii php t ph pht trin ngun nhn lc
Vi nhn thc ngun nhn lc l mt trong nhng yu
t quan trng nht gp phn m bo s pht trin bn
vng ca n v, nhn t quyt nh thnh cng mi nhim
v, PVN xc nh nhim v chin lc l trin khai cc gii
php tng th m bo ngun nhn lc, xy dng c
i ng CBCNV c bn lnh ngh nghip, gii v chuyn
mn, mnh v qun l. Cc gii php trin khai c tm
lc nh sau:
+ Xy dng v trin khai chin lc, gii php nhn
s v chnh sch nhn vin ph hp nhm tp hp c
i ng CBNV v s lng v m bo v cht lng
p ng yu cu pht trin.
+ Trin khai o to v ti o to i ng thng qua
cc kho hc bao gm o to v k thut, chuyn mn
nghip v v nhng lp o to v qun l doanh nghip.
+ Lp v trin khai k hoch lun chuyn CBNV nhm
to iu kin cho cn b tr sm c tip cn, th thch
trong nhng nhim v quan trng qua pht hin v
o to i ng cn b k cn.
+ Xy dng h thng chuyn gia t vn nhm huy ng
linh hot kinh nghim, kin thc ca chuyn gia ton ngnh
nhm gii quyt nhng vn trng im v cp bch
+ Thu hoc tuyn chuyn gia nc ngoi trong
nhng lnh vc m hin nay CBNV Vit Nam cha p ng
c nhng cn m bo kt hp o to v chuyn giao
cng ngh.
2. Gii php qun l
- Ch o cht ch cc n v thc hin tt cng tc
pht trin, khai thc m an ton, hiu qu.
- Nng cao trch nhim v vai tr c nhn nhm
m bo cc quyt nh v qun l v iu hnh c kp
thi, nhanh chng v m bo cht lng, hiu qu ca
cng vic.
- Ci tin hn na quy trnh ph duyt cc bo co
kh thi, ph duyt d n u t v cc phng n k thut
trong khai thc sm a m vo khai thc theo tin
trong giai on n 2015. Kin ngh cp c thm quyn
xem xt thnh lp cc hi ng lin ngnh vi s tham gia
ca cc b/ngnh lin quan ng thi thm nh/ph
duyt bo co tr lng v pht trin m.
- Kin ngh Chnh ph sm ban hnh chnh sch v cc
vn bn php l cn thit khuyn khch cc nh u t sm
a cc pht hin du kh nh, cn bin vo khai thc.
- nc ngoi, a dng ho hnh thc u t theo
hng tng cng v m rng hp tc, lin doanh, lin
kt vi cc i tc chin lc nh Petronas, Gasprom,
Zarubeznheft trong tp trung vo cc a bn c
tim nng du kh m ta c quan h tt v ngoi giao nh
khu vc Nga v cc nc thuc SNG, khu vc Nam M, khu
vc Bc Phi v Iraq.
3. Gii php v KHCN
thc hin thng li k hoch 2011 - 2015, nh
hng n 2025 cn tp trung cc nghin cu v p dng
KHCN tin tin sau:
- y mnh nghin cu, hon thin v lm ch hon
ton cng ngh khai thc thn du mng nt n, m bo
khai thc m vi hiu qu cao.
58 DU KH - S 11/2011
- y mnh cng tc nghin cu v p dng cc gii
php gia tng h s thu hi du, trong tp trung trc
mt vo nghin cu p dng:
+ Bm p t hp vi sinh ho l;
+ Bm p gel, cht hot ng b mt;
+ Bm p kh hydrocarbon;
+ y mnh cng tc nghin cu v th nghim
bm p CO
2
v p dng i tr khi thnh cng.
- y mnh cng tc nghin cu c kt qu t
ph trong khu pht trin v a vo khai thc cc m
nh, cn bin.
- y mnh cng tc nghin cu khai thc v vn
chuyn du nng; ch o/phi hp vi VPI trin khai
ti/nhim v vn chuyn du nng Junin 2 trong nm
2011- 2012.
- Chun b cng ngh, trang thit b v ngun nhn
lc chun b pht trin khai thc cc pht hin du kh
ti vng nc su, xa b.
- y mnh cng tc nghin cu pht trin khai
thc, x l cc m kh c hm lng CO
2
cao.
thc hin thng li k hoch sn lng giai on
2011 - 2015 v nh hng n 2025, PVN phi phn u
a vo khai thc 20 m mi trong giai on 2011 n
2015, trong c 17 m trong nc v t nht 3 m t
nc ngoi.
Tin a cc m vo khai thc trong giai on
2011 - 2015 c th hin trong Bng 1.
V. Kt lun
Thnh tu trong lnh vc khai thc du kh trong
36 nm qua l ht sc to ln v rt quan trng i vi
s pht trin ca PVN ni ring v Vit Nam ni chung.
Trong iu kin kh khn do bin ng chnh tr, x hi
v kinh t th gii nhng PVN vn hnh an ton, hiu
qu cc m hin c, lin tc a thm cc m mi vo
khai thc, gip gim thiu suy gim sn lng v to
tng ln trong nhng nm sau; a t nc ta t
nc khng c cng nghip du kh tr thnh nc c
Ngnh Du kh hon chnh, hin i t khu u n
khu cui; khai thc du kh ng th 3 khu vc, gp
phn ng k vo pht trin kinh t v m bo an ninh
nng lng cho t nc.
t c thnh tu trn trong iu kin tim nng
du kh khng nh mong i nc ta cng khng nh
s quyt tm, n lc vt bc ca nhng ngi lm du
kh thuc cc th h.
Thnh tu trong lnh vc khai thc du kh hn 25
nm qua l kt tinh tr tu, cng sc ca nhiu th h cc
ng ch lnh o, cc cn b k thut, qun l, cc cng
nhn trc tip trn cc cng trnh ca Ngnh Du kh v
s hp tc tch cc c hiu qu ca cc i tc l kt qu
ca chnh sch ngoi giao ng n ca ng v Nh
nc ta trong vic ch ng hp tc cng c li vi cc
nc trn th gii. PVJ
Bng 1. Tin a cc m vo khai thc giai on 2011 - 2015
PETROVIETNAM
59 DU KH - S 11/2011
I. Mc tiu, chin lc pht trin ca Tp on Du kh
Vit Nam, s b kt qu pht trin lnh vc lc, ha
du v ch bin du kh
Ngy 18/2/2009 Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt
Quy hoch pht trin Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam giai on
n nm 2015, nh hng n nm 2025, trong lnh
vc ch bin du kh (CBDK) c coi l mt trong nhng
lnh vc trng tm ca Ngnh Du kh vi k hoch xy
dng cc d n CBDK ca PVN nh sau [1]:
Cc nh my lc du:
- Giai on n nm 2015: hon thnh xy dng Nh
my Lc du (NMLD) Dung Qut, tin hnh nng cp m
rng nh my; trin khai xy dng v a vo vn hnh
cc T hp lc ha du (LHD) Nghi Sn hoc Long Sn;
- Giai on 2016 - 2025: m rng cc NMLHD Nghi
Sn v Long Sn vi cng sut ln ti 20 triu tn/nm.
Cc nh my ha du:
- Gn kt cc d n ha du vi cc d n lc du,
hnh thnh cc lin hp lc ha du, nng cao gi tr ch
bin, hiu qu u t, s dng ti u c s h tng v cc
hng mc ph tr.
- Giai on n nm 2015: vn hnh an ton Nh
my m Ph M, hon thnh xy dng Nh my m
C Mau; trin khai xy dng cm ha du Dung Qut,
T hp ha du (THHD) Long Sn, Nh my x si PET
(Hi Phng).
- Giai on 2016 - 2025: hon thnh xy dng THHD
Nghi Sn, m rng cng sut cc THHD Dung Qut, Long
Sn, xy dng mi cc nh my ha du t kh thin nhin.
i vi pht trin nhin liu sinh hc (NLSH), ngy
20/11/2007 Th tng Chnh ph cng ban hnh quyt
nh s 177/2007/Q-TTg ph duyt n pht trin
NLSH n nm 2015, tm nhn n nm 2025. trin
khai n trn, PVN ph duyt ch trng xy dng
03 nh my sn xut etanol lm NLSH trong giai on ti
nm 2015 gp phn m bo an ninh nng lng v bo
v mi trng.
Cc vn bn trn l nhng c s php l, mc tiu v
nh hng chnh PVN trin khai thc hin xy dng
k hoch v cc hot ng c th nh m pht trin ngnh
lc ha du. Chin lc tng tc ca Tp on xc
nh pht trin tr thnh tp on kinh t vng mnh
khng ch trong nc m trong khu vc ASEAN v quc
t, trong ch bin du kh l mt trong nhng lnh vc
sn xut, kinh doanh ct li ca Tp on.
Cho n nay, vi s ch o st sao v h tr kp thi
ca Chnh ph, cc B Ngnh, s quyt tm ca tp th
lnh o v cn b cng nhn vin ca Tp on, lnh vc
CBDK ca PVN t c cc kt qu nht nh. PVN
ang tng bc xy dng cc nh my lc ha du c quy
m ln, cng ngh hin i, c vai tr to ln i vi nn
kinh t quc dn, gp phn m bo an ninh nng lng
v pht trin kinh t chung ca t nc. Kt qu v d kin
k hoch trin khai cc d n CBDK c tm tt ti Bng 1.
Hot ng lc, ha du v ch bin du kh
ca Petrovietnam
(*)
Ban Ch bin Du kh, Tp on Du kh Vit Nam (PVN)
Tng cng ty Phn bn v Ha cht Du kh - CTCP (PVFCCo)
Cng ty TNHH MTV Lc ha du Bnh Sn (BSR)
Vin Du kh Vit Nam (VPI)
Tm tt
Ni dung bi vit nu hin trng pht trin, cc thnh tu v ng gp ca lnh vc lc, ha du v ch bin du
kh ca Tp on Du kh Vit Nam i vi nn kinh t - x hi ca t nc ni chung v ca Ngnh Du kh ni ring.
Bi vit cn cp n mt s bi hc kinh nghim cng nh nu nn cc kh khn vng mc v cc kin ngh v c
ch chnh sch pht trin lnh vc lc h a du.
(
*
)
Bi vit c bo co ti Hi ngh Khoa hc - Cng ngh 2011
50 nm truyn thng Du kh Vit Nam: Thnh tu v Chin lc pht trin
HA - CH BIN DU KH
60 DU KH - S 11/2011
Cc thnh tu ca lnh thuc CBDK c th hin c
th qua nng lc sn xut cc sn phm thit yu nh
xng du, phn m, ht nha v cc ha phm khc vi
gi tr kinh t hng chc nghn t ng, gp phn m
bo an ninh nng lng, bnh n gi v pht trin kinh
t, a Vit Nam t mt nc ph thuc 100% vo nhp
khu 100% cc sn phm nu trn tr thnh nc t sn
xut c v tng bc p ng cung cu trong nc,
hng ti mc tiu xut khu. Bng 2 cho thy nng lc
sn xut ca PVN p ng mt s sn phm CBDK
quan trng trong nc vi t trng ln v nh hng
xut khu trong tng lai.
Bng 1. Kt qu v d kin k hoch trin khai cc d n CBDK
*: d kin; **: Cho sn phm u tin; Trin khai xy dng: tnh t thi im bt u thc hin EPC.
Bng 2. Kh nng sn xut v cung ng th trng cc sn phm CBDK ca PVN
Ngun: PVPro (VPI), Ban CBDK (Tp on)
PETROVIETNAM
61 DU KH - S 11/2011
II. Mt s thnh tu cc d n CBDK in hnh v i
vo vn hnh
1. Nh my Lc du Dung Qut v Phn xng PP Dung
Qut
1.1. Hon thnh xy dng nh my
Thng 2/2009, NMLD Dung Qut cho sn phm
u tin v ngy 30/5/2010 nh my c bn giao
cho ch u t, chnh thc chuyn sang giai on vn
hnh thng mi, t 100% cng sut thit k (6,5 triu
tn du th/nm), vi cc sn phm LPG, xng, du ho/
nhin liu my bay, diesel, du t l t tiu chun Vit
Nam. Nh my c cu hnh cng ngh tin tin, hin
i, c xy dng theo tiu chun quc t, s d ng
cng ngh ca cc nh cung cp bn quyn giu kinh
nghim v tin ti n nh t trn th gi i nh: phn xng
CCR, Isomer ca UOP - M, phn xng RFCC, HDS ca
Axen - Php.
NMLD Dung Qut c xy dng ph hp vi chin
lc v quy hoch pht trin Ngnh Du kh. Vic hon
thnh xy dng NMLD u tin em li hiu qu kinh
t, x hi, chnh tr to ln cho t nc, nht l khu vc
min Trung, l ng lc cho nhiu ngnh cng nghip
khc pht trin ng gp vo s nghip cng nghip ha,
hin i ha t nc.
Vi mt khi lng cc hng mc cng trnh v cng
ln c hon thnh vi s tham gia ca trn 15.000 k
s, cng nhn n t 30 quc gia, trong cc nh thu
Vit Nam m nhn khong 75% khi lng xy lp. Tng
s gi cng thi cng trn cng trng t khong trn 65
triu gi, khi lng vt t, thit b xy lp: 40 nghn tn
thit b, 23 nghn tn vt t lp t bn b, 40 nghn tn
ng ng v ph kin, 14 nghn tn cc vt t v in, 3,7
triu mt cp in v cp iu khin, 1.700 thit b quay,
17.227 mch iu khin, 11.032 thit b t ng ha.
Cng tc quyt ton ca d n c hon thnh.
Chi ph thc hin d n nm trong tng mc u t
c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt theo Quyt nh
s 1291/Q-TTg ngy 17/8/2009 ph duyt tng mc
u t iu chnh ca D n NMLD Dung Qut l 3,059
t USD.
Ngy 25/8/2010, Phn xng Polypropylen (PP)
chnh thc c bn giao cho ch u t v i vo vn
hnh thng mi, p ng khong 25 - 30% nhu cu sn
phm ht nha PP trong nc. Vic hon thnh v hot
ng thng mi ca phn xng PP Dung Qut ngay sau
s kin nhn bn giao NMLD Dung Qut ngy 30/5/2010
nh du mt bc tin mi ca ngnh cng nghip ha
du Vit Nam trong vic tch hp gia lc du v ha du,
gia tng li nhun v hiu qu ca nh my. S kin ny
tip tc khng nh hng i ng n trong chin lc
pht trin ngnh cng nghip lc ha du n nm 2015
v nh hng n nm 2025 ca Tp on Du kh Vit
Nam v l bc u pht trin cc t hp lc ha du
tip theo ti Nghi Sn - Thanh Ha v Long Sn - B Ra,
Vng Tu.
1.2. Cng tc vn hnh bo dng
Cng tc chy th: Cng tc chy th tng phn ca
Nh my bt u t cui nm 2008 vi s tham gia ca
1.000 k s v cng nhn k thut Vit Nam cng vi 190
chuyn gia ca cc nh thu nc ngoi. Cng tc chy
nghim thu tng phn v nghim thu ton nh my c
tin hnh t thng 3/2009 v c bn hon thnh vo
thng 2/2010.
Nh my vn hnh n nh 100% cng sut v trong
nhng thng gn y t 105% cng sut thit k.
nng cao hi u qu kinh t ca d n, ch u t ang
nghin cu, p dng cc bin php ti u ch vn
hnh, gim chi ph vn hnh thng qua vic s dng cc
loi xc tc, vt t, ha phm hiu qu, ti u nng lng
v ph tr.
Trong qu trnh vn hnh, BSR phi hp vi Nh
thu TPC x l c bn ton b cc li vn hnh, son tho,
trnh ph duy t v ban hnh 906 quy trnh vn hnh, 131
quy trnh bo dng, 70 quy trnh an ton v 276 quy
trnh cho phng th nghim.
Cng tc t chc nhn lc, vn hnh thng mi: cng
tc o to, chun b nhn lc vn hnh v bo dng nh
my c ch trng ngay trong giai on xy dng d n,
mt s lng ln nhn s vn hnh trng thnh trong
cc giai on gim st thit k v xy lp, c o to v
tham gia vn hnh cng cc chuyn gia nc ngoi. Nh
my o to c 1.046 nhn s vn hnh trc tip,
trong 551 l k s v 495 l cng nhn k thut, hin
ang tham gia vn hnh nh my v tng bc thay th
chuyn gia nc ngoi.
Thc t, nhng k s ca BSR trong mt thi gian ngn
gn nh nm bt hon ton cng ngh v k nng vn
hnh NMLD, kim sot v x l nhng s c trong qu
HA - CH BIN DU KH
62 DU KH - S 11/2011
trnh vn hnh, m bo an ton vn hnh cho nh my
trn mt nm qua. Kt qu n thng 6/2011, nhn s vn
hnh ca BSR thay th hn 100 v tr chuyn gia vn
hnh v bo dng (O&M) phi thu t nc ngoi v d
kin n ht nm 2011 s thay th hu ht chuyn gia
nc ngoi.
Ngoi ra, trong thi gian qua, nh my h tr o
to thc t cho cc cng ty trong ngnh nh Cng ty CP
Ha du v X si Du kh - Hi Phng; Cng ty NSLH min
Trung, cng nh cc trng i hc cc min ca t
nc, ng thi cng l ni v ang cung cp ngun
nhn lc gii v qun l cng nh trnh chuyn mn
cao cho cc cng ty trong ngnh nh Vinashin Dung
Qut, cc d n NLSH, LHD Nghi Sn... v cc cng ty khc
ngoi ngnh.
Cng tc bo dng tng th ln u nh my: T
ngy 15/7/2011 n 13/09/2011 nh my dng thc
hin cng tc bo dng tng th ln u. Sau khong 60
ngy, cng tc bo dng tng th hon thnh, nh
my vn hnh tr li 100% cng sut thit k. Mt s
s c xy ra trong qu trnh vn hnh c PVN ch o
BSR v nh thu kp thi x l, rt kinh nghim su sc
xy dng v hon thin quy trnh vn hnh nh my.
1.3. Hiu qu kinh t - x hi
NMLD Dung Qut v n hnh an ton trong hn mt
nm qua k t thi im nhn bn giao, p ng trn 30%
nhu cu sn phm xng du trong nc, gp phn
gim bt s ph thuc vo nhp khu t th trng bn
ngoi, to ra cc sn phm c gi tr, gia tng hiu qu s
dng ngun ti nguyn du kh.
K t khi c sn phm u tin nm 2009, doanh thu
ca NMLD Dung Qut trung bnh hng nm t khong
90.000 t ng, ng gp ng k vo tng trng GDP
v np ngn sch Nh nc, pht trin cc ngnh cng
nghip, tham gia tch cc vo qu tr nh chuyn dch c
cu kinh t, a kinh t ca tnh Qung Ngi pht trin
mt bc nhy vt, t tnh ngho ph thuc vo ngn
sch trung ng cp, nay l mt trong s cc tnh c thu
ngn sch cao trong c nc. Nm 2010 tnh Qung Ngi
thu ngn sch t 14.500 t ng, gi tr sn xut cng
nghip v xy dng ca tnh nm 2010 tng gp 2,56 ln
so vi nm 2009, t 17.740 t ng.
NMLD Dung Qut to cng n vic lm cho hn
1.000 lao ng k thut lm vic trc tip trong nh
my v hng chc nghn lao ng dch v gin tip v
cc ngnh ph tr khc, gp phn o to c mt i
ng cn b qun l gii, k s trnh cao, cng nhn k
thut lnh ngh ng thi nng cao mt cch ng k
nng lc ca cc nh thu xy lp Vit Nam; to tin
quan trng cho ngnh cng nghip ha du, cc ngnh
cng nghip ph tr v dch v khc pht trin, gp phn
thc hin thnh cng s nghip cng nghip ha, hin
i ha t nc.
Bng 3. Sn lng sn xut ca NMLD Dung Qut
Ngun: NMLD Dung Qut (BSR)
PETROVIETNAM
63 DU KH - S 11/2011
Vic xy dng NMLD v trin khai cc d n cng
nghip khc ti Dung Qut, Qung Ngi ni ring v cc
tnh min Trung ni chung s gp phn tng cng cng
c h thng phng th, bo v lnh th, ch quyn t
nc, c bit l khu vc duyn hi min Trung v vng
kinh t chin lc Ty Nguyn, h tr cho cc hot ng
ca ng dn cng nh hot ng tm kim thm d du
kh ti thm lc a min Trung v c bit l gp phn
m bo an ninh nng lng quc gia trong iu kin th
trng th gii c nhiu bin ng.
n nay NMLD Dung Qut sn xut v xut bn
c trn 10 triu tn sn phm cc loi (Bng 3). Trung
bnh hng nm d n s cung cp khong 6 triu tn sn
phm xng du cc loi, p ng khong 30% nhu cu
tiu th ni a, gp phn m bo an ninh nng lng
quc gia, gim s ph thuc vo sn phm nhp khu,
gim nhp siu, tit kim ngoi t.
2. D n NM m Ph M
2.1. Hon thnh xy dng nh my
Nh my m Ph M c xy dng trn din tch
63 ha vi tng vn u t 445 triu USD. Cng sut thit
k 2.200 tn ur/ngy (tng ng khong 741.400
tn/nm), 1350 tn amnic/ngy (tng ng khong
422.598 tn/nm), c kh nng p ng 40% nhu cu phn
m trong nc. Nh my s dng 450 triu m
3
kh/nm
nguyn liu t khng hnh Bch H, kh thin nhin t
bn trng Nam Cn Sn v cc b khc thuc thm lc
a pha Nam.
Nh my p dng cng ngh tin tin, gm hai phn
xng chnh: Phn xng sn xut amnic (cng ngh
ca Haldor Topsoe A/S, an Mch), Phn xng sn xut
ur (cng ngh ca Snamprogetti SpA, Italia). Ngoi ra,
nh my cn c cc hng mc cung cp nng lng, ph
tr khc nh: nh my in, cm thit b sn sut kh nit,
h thng x l nc cp v nc thi.
Vo nm 2000 - 2001 khi quyt nh u t d n
gp phi kh khn do gi phn m trn th gii xung
thp nh hng ti hiu qu kinh t ca d n. Nhng
PVN quyt tm u t nhm mc tiu hon thnh xy
dng nh my c cng ngh hin i sn xut phn
m phc v nhu cu trong nc, gp phn bnh n nh
gi, m bo an ninh lng thc cho c nc.
y l d n i n h nh v m t qun l u t xy
d ng, p dng quy tr nh ng b t l p d n, thi t k ,
l a ch n th u n trin khai xy d ng, nghim thu v
vn hnh. D n la chn c Tng thu Technip Italy
(Italia) - Samsung Engineering (Hn Quc) c nng lc ti
chnh, nhiu kinh nghim thi cng, xy dng cc nh my
m tng t trn th gii, l a ch n nh th u PMC - SNC
Lavalin c b dy kinh nghim trong lnh vc t vn qun
l d n tr gip ch u t, l cc iu kin thun
li gp phn quan trng Hp ng EPC xy dng nh
my hon thnh ng tin . Ngy 21/9/2004 cc bn k
bn giao s b nh my (PAC). Ngy 15/12/2004, Cng ty
PVFCCo t chc l khnh thnh Nh my m Ph M.
Cng tc quyt ton nhanh gn: D n c cht lng
cao v quyt ton chi ph cng trnh nhanh gn v
thp hn tng d ton c duyt, y l bi hc kinh
nghim cho cng tc qun tr d n tt, d n tit
kim c hn 100 triu USD so vi tng mc u t
ph duyt ban u.
Nhng thnh cng trong qun tr v iu hnh D n
nh: tit kim ti a chi ph, tun th phm vi cng vic
quy nh trong Hp ng EPC k, qun l tt giao din
gia cc nh thu, thu xp vn v thanh ton ph hp
vi tin , khng c pht sinh chi ph gp phn y
nhanh cng tc quyt ton cng trnh.
2.2. Cng tc vn hnh v bo dng
Thi gian u nh my i vo vn hnh thng mi,
ch u t phi thu 50 chuyn gia nc ngoi tr
gip vn hnh v bo dng nh my. Vi tinh thn hc
hi nghim tc, nng ng v sng to, ch sau mt nm
cc k s vn hnh ca Vit Nam m nhn c vai tr
chnh trong qun l, vn hnh v bo dng.
i ng k s v cng nhn nh my khng ngng
trng thnh v vn ln lm ch v cng ngh, cng tc
bo dng sa cha c trin khai theo k hoch v ch
ng phng nga. iu ny c chng minh qua 03 ln
bo dng v sa cha ln rt thnh cng, tnh n nh
ca ton nh my ni ch ung v ca cc thit b ni ring
u c nng cao, th hin qua vic gim s ln s c v
gim thi gian x l, rt ngn thi gian dng my v gp
phn tng sn lng sn xut.
Vo thng 9/2010 nh my hon thnh d n
b sung phn xng thu hi CO
2
t khi thi ca cm
reforming s cp s dng cng ngh ca MHI (Misubishi),
lm nguyn liu a vo phn xng tng hp ur,
gip tng cng sut sn xut m ur ca nh my ln
2.385 tn/ngy (800 nghn tn/nm) v gim kh pht thi
nh knh ra mi trng.
HA - CH BIN DU KH
64 DU KH - S 11/2011
Cng vi vic vn hnh nh my sn xut an ton v
hiu qu, cc k s, cng nhn vn hnh nh my ch
trng vic ci tin k thut, nng cao hiu qu sn xut,
pht huy c gi tr trong thc t vn hnh v bo dng
mang li hiu qu ng k v mt kinh t. Hi ng sng
kin PVFCCo xt cng nhn cho 163 sng kin/hp l
ha sn xut vi t l sng kin v lnh vc bo dng
69%, cng ngh 27% v kinh t 4%.
2.3. Hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh
Vi by nm vn hnh nh my lun hon thnh v
hon thnh vt mc k hoch sn xut nm. n 18 gi
ngy 06/08/2011, nh my sn xut tn phn m th
05 triu cung cp cho th trng nng nghip. Thng
hiu m Ph M c khng nh trn th trng,
gp phn bnh n th trng phn bn, pht trin nng
nghip, m bo an ninh lng thc. Lnh o ng v
Nh nc, cc B Ngnh v Tp on Du kh Vit Nam
u nh gi d n Nh my m Ph M l mt d n
thnh cng v nhiu mt. Bng 4 cho thy cc ch tiu sn
xut kinh doanh ca nh my khng ngng tng ln qua
cc nm.
3. Nh my x si nh V, Hi Phng
3.1. Hon thnh xy dng
y l mt d n u tin trong lnh vc x si ca
Ngnh Du kh, phc v nhu cu thit thc l cung cp
x si cho ngnh dt may Vit Nam. Hp ng EPC ca
d n c k ngy 18/5/2009, vi Lin danh nh thu
Hyundai Engineering/LG v PVC, gi tr hp ng EPC l
250 triu USD v tng mc u t 324,85 triu USD. Tin
tng th thc hin d n l 25 thng. Ngy 20 thng 7
nm 2011 Cng ty C phn Ha du v X si Du kh
lm l n nhn nhng sn phm x si u tin c sn
xut ti Vit Nam.
Nh my s dng cng ngh tin tin trong lnh vc
sn xut x si polyeste t ngun nguyn liu PTA v MEG,
bao gm cng ngh este ha, trng ngng ca nh cung
cp bn quyn Uhde Inventa-Fischer (c), cm thit b
sn xut x ngn ca nh cung cp thit b Neumag (c)
v cm thit b sn xut si Filament ca nh cung cp
thit b Barmag (c).
Cng sut nh my l 500 tn x si polyeste/ngy
(khong 175 nghn tn/nm) lm nguyn liu u vo
cho ngnh dt may Vit Nam. Vi cht lng sn phm
t tiu chun cht lng quc t, khi nh my i vo vn
hnh s p ng khong 30 - 40% tng nhu cu x si
polyeste trong nc, gp phn gim p lc nhp khu
nguyn liu cho ngnh dt may Vit Nam.
3.2. Hiu qu kinh t x hi
Vic u t xy dng Nh my sn xut x si Polyeste
nh V nhm m bo ngun nguyn liu n nh v lu
di cho ngnh dt may Vit Nam, mt ngnh kinh t gi
vai tr quan trng trong nn kinh t quc dn; tit kim
ngoi t, to vic lm cho ngi lao ng ca a phng,
ng thi to ng lc pht trin cho ngnh cng nghip
sn xut x si tng hp v a dng ha cc sn phm
ha du; gp phn kch thch tng trng kinh t, thu ht
u t v thc y tin trnh cng nghip ha v hin i
ha ca thnh ph Hi Phng ni ring v cc tnh duyn
hi Bc b ni chung. Theo tnh ton s b khi i vo vn
hnh, nh my s c doanh thu khong 300 triu USD/
nm, np ngn sch khong 30 triu USD/nm v to ra
khong 700 vic lm thng xuyn cho khu vc.
III. Hin trng cc d n CBDK trong giai on u t,
xy dng
1. D n NM m C Mau
Hp ng EPC c k ngy 06/5/2008 vi lin danh
Tng thu l WEC + CMC (Trung Quc), tng vn u t
khong 900 triu USD, nh my c cng sut 800.000
tn m/nm, s dng nguyn liu 500 tri u m
3
/nm kh
thin nhin t m PM3-CAA. Khi nh my i vo vn hnh
Bng 4. Sn lng v gi tr cc sn phm sn xut Nh my m Ph M
Ngun: NM m Ph M (PVFCCo)
PETROVIETNAM
65 DU KH - S 11/2011
s cng vi m Ph M nng tng sn lng phn m
do Tp on Du kh Vit Nam sn xut ln 1.600.000 tn/
nm, p ng phn ln nhu cu phn m ca c nc.
Nh my s dng cng ngh bn quyn tng t
nh Nh my m Ph M. c bit nh my c s dng
phn xng to ht dng tng si dng cng bc cho
cht lng ht m cao, tng cng cng, bn, sn
phm m ca nh my c th dng sn xut phn
NPK, cnh tranh tt vi sn phm ca cc nc ngoi khi
xut khu.
Trong qu trnh xy dng nh my, mc d gp rt
nhiu kh khn, tin hp ng EPC b chm do nng
lc ca nh thu Trung Quc, ng thi gp tr ngi bi
cng tc x l nn, nhng vi s ch o st sao ca lnh
o Tp on v quyt tm cao ca tp th Ban QLDA Nh
my m C Mau, d n ly li c tin theo k
hoch, n ngy 4/8/2011 tin tng th thc hin hp
ng EPC t 91,26%/91,34%, hon thnh lp t 91%
kt cu thp. D kin ti 27/11/2011 nh my s cho sn
phm u tin.
2. Lin hp LHD Nghi Sn
D n Lin h p LHD Nghi Sn l d n NMLD th 02
ca c nc, n m ti khu kinh t Nghi Sn - Thanh Ha.
Nh my s d ng d u th nh p kh u C-o t, cng ngh
tin ti n, cng su t ch bi n 10 tri u t n d u/nm c kh
nng m r ng ti 20 tri u t n/nm vi sn phm gm:
LPG, xng (A92, 95), nhin liu phn lc, ht nha PP,
paraxylen, benzen v lu hunh. D n c t ng mc u
t khong 8 t USD. Khi i vo ho t ng cng v i NMLD
Dung Qu t s p ng 70% nhu c u xng d u trong nc.
Th nh cng ban u ca d n l thu ht c
cc nh u t c nng l c ti ch nh, kinh nghi m v
ngu n nguyn li u d u th tham gia d n v thnh l p
c Cng ty Lin doanh LHD Nghi Sn bao g m: 35,1%
IKC (Nht Bn), 35,1% KPC (C-ot), 25,1% PVN v 4,7%
Mitsui (Nht Bn). y l m t d n i n h nh trong h p
tc qu c t vi quy tr nh tri n khai khoa hc t khu l p
d n, thit k k thu t, chu n b ti chnh, nh n s , m t
b ng, thng mi
n nay, cng tc chu n b h t ng c s c bn
hon thnh, vi 328 ha di n t ch m t b ng nh my san
l p c bn v hon thin, sn sng bn giao cho ch u
t, cc cng trnh h tng nh: i n, nc c bn hon
thnh, cng tc no vt ban u khu bn nc v lung
cng b t u tri n khai. c bit, Cng ty Lin doanh
ho n th nh m phn vi Nh th u EPC chu n b k
k t h p ng.
D ki n gi th u EPC s c trao vo cu i nm 2011
vi 40 thng tri n khai xy d ng EPC. Khi hon thnh,
m i nm nh my s cung c p khong 6 triu tn xng
d u, 33 nghn tn LPG v 373 nghn tn PP, 927 nghn tn
paraxylen v benzen cho th trng trong nc v qu c t .
D n thnh cng s l mt ng gp v cng to ln
cho Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam v kinh t c nc v l in
hnh trong lnh vc lc ha du v hp tc quc t, m
bo an ninh nng l ng v to cho pht trin tip theo
ca cc d n ha du v t o l i nhu n kinh t - x h i to
ln cho tnh Thanh Ha v c nc.
3. T hp LHD Long Sn
y l t hp ha du c lp u tin ca Vit Nam,
nm ti khu vc c nhu cu th trng ln nht nc. D
n c cng sut ch bin khong 2,7 triu tn nguyn liu/
nm, s dng nguyn liu trong nc (etan) v nguyn
liu nhp khu (propan/butan v naphtha), sn xut ra
cc sn phm nha PE, PP, VCM, xt v cc sn phm ph
khc, phc v ch yu cho nhu cu trong nc v mt
phn xut khu.
Cc i tc nc ngoi tham gia d n u c
nhiu kinh nghim trin khai, vn hnh cng nh m
bo v nng lc ti chnh, trong t l gp vn ca cc
bn trong lin doanh l: pha Vit Nam chim 29% bao
gm PVN (18%) v VNC (11%), pha Thi Lan ng gp
71% gm: SCG Chemical (53%) v TPC (18%). Tng mc
u t ca d n d kin khong 4,4 t USD.
n nay, cng tc gii phng mt bng nh my ang
c trin khai, ch u t ang la chn nh thu EPC,
m phn hp ng cung cp nguyn liu di hn v
thu xp ti chnh, d kin d n hon thnh v i vo vn
hnh trong nm 2016.
Quyt tm xy dng T hp ha du Long Sn thnh
cng trong tng lai s l mt nhim v quan trng v
t ph nhm pht trin ton din lnh vc ch bin du
kh, c bit l khu ha du - gia tng gi tr s dng
ngun nguyn liu du m, ng gp sn phm ha du
cho nhu cu ni a v xut khu.
4. Cc d n NLSH
Tp on Du kh Vit Nam i u trong vic trin
khai khai hin thc ha n 177 ca Chnh ph v pht
HA - CH BIN DU KH
66 DU KH - S 11/2011
trin NLSH vi mc tiu m bo an ninh nng lng, thay
th mt phn nhin liu h a thch, gp phn ci thin
mi trng v nng cao thu nhp ca ngi nng dn.
Tp on ang trin khai xy dng 03 nh my sn xut
NLSH t nguyn liu sn lt, c cng ngh hin i, cng
sut nh my l 100 triu lt cn/nm, ti cc a im:
Ph Th, Qung Ngi v Bnh Phc.
Pht trin NLSH l mt lnh vc mi v ht sc kh
khn do yu cu gn kt ng b gia khu nguyn liu
(ph thuc vo nng dn) sn xut v tiu th sn phm
(phi nng cp h thng phn phi v thi quen ca
ngi dn). Trc cc kh khn , lnh o Tp on
ch o ht sc st sao t cc khu xy dng nh my,
pht trin nguyn liu, kinh doanh th nghim, kin ngh
Chnh ph xy dng c ch hp l, cng nh nghin cu
ng dng khoa hc cng ngh v n nay t c
nhng kt qu nht nh:
- Tin d kin cc nh my s i vo vn hnh
thng mi vo nm 2011 - 2012. Ngoi sn phm chnh
l cn, cn c cc sn phm ph nh CO
2
thc phm,
bio-gas, phn vi sinh v thc n chn nui nhm tng hiu
qu u t ca cc d n;
- Chun b ngun nguyn liu lu di cho nh my
bao gm: k hoch thu mua, pht trin vng nguyn liu
vi ch trng gn kt ba nh: nh nng, nh kinh doanh,
nh khoa hc pht trin cy sn nng sut cao, to thu
nhp n nh cho nng dn;
- T chc tuyn truyn, qung co, trin khai thnh
cng cng tc kinh doanh th nghim, xy dng h thng
pha ch, nng cp h thng kho, ca hng xng du hin
hu kinh doanh thng mi xng E5 ti 06 tnh thnh,
u t ba c s pha ch ti nh V, Nh B v Lin Chiu,
k hp tc ton din vi tnh Qung Ngi;
- Kin ngh hon thin chnh sch u i cho NLSH,
xy dng l trnh s dng NLSH bt buc trn ton quc,
nhm tiu th ton b sn phm cn ca ba nh my;
- Hin nay, xng E5 c ch trn th trng
v c cc c quan qun l nh nc ng h v ngi
dn hng ng tch cc. Kt qu ban u s dng NLSH
cho thy xng pha NLSH khng nhng khng gy nh
hng ti cc c tnh k thut ca ng c m cn gip
gim tiu hao nhin liu, gim thiu ng k lng kh
thi nhim mi trng. Trong thi gian ti, khi cc d
n i vo vn hnh v Chnh ph ban hnh l trnh bt
buc s dng NLSH th lnh vc NLSH s c mt bc
pht trin ln, to nhin liu xanh, sch v ti to cho th
trng Vit Nam.
lV. nh gi thnh tu, mt s bi hc kinh nghim
v kin ngh nhm pht trin lnh vc ch bin du kh
giai on ti
1. nh gi thnh tu
Qua qu trnh xy dng, pht trin, sau 17 nm t
ngy thnh lp Ban CBDK - Tp on, lnh vc CBDK tr
thnh mt trong cc lnh vc sn xut kinh doanh chnh
ca Tp on vi nhng thnh cng i vo mc son ca
Ngnh Du kh nh hon thnh xy dng v vn hnh n
nh Nh my m Ph M, NMLD Dung Qut, chun b
a vo sn xut Nh my X si nh V, m C Mau,
NLSH v tip tc xy dng cc d n ln khc nh LHLHD
Nghi Sn, THHD Long Sn.
Gn lin vi cc d n trn l s hnh thnh nhng
cm cng nghip lc ha du c quy m sn xut kinh
doanh to ln trn c nc, gp phn vo cng cuc i
mi, cng nghip h a v hin i h a t nc, to ra cc
mt hng thit yu c bn p ng nhu cu trong nc
v nh hng xut khu, gp phn n nh an ninh nng
lng, bnh n gi, to cng n vic lm cho hng chc
nghn lao ng, gp phn vo cng cuc cng nghip
h a v hin i h a t nc.
Mt trong nhng thnh cng ln l xy dng c
i ng lnh o, qun l trng thnh, cc k s vn
hnh, bo dng c kinh nghim p ng cc yu cu sn
xut ca cc nh my. Ngoi ra cn pht trin lc lng
cn b nghin cu khoa hc c tr tu v nng lc, v
ang trin khai nghin cu nhiu ti khoa hc c tnh
ng dng cao vo thc tin sn xut.
Hp tc quc t l mt trong nhng thnh cng
trong lnh vc CBDK, nhng kt qu t c ban u
trong vic hp tc quc t chun b u t cc d n LHD
Nghi Sn, THHD Long Sn em li li ch ln v kinh
nghim qun l, ngun lc ti chnh v m bo ngun
nguyn liu, cng nh chia s ri ro trong u t. Bn
cnh hp tc trong cng tc gim st, kt hp vi cc
nh thu EPC, cc nh cung cp bn quyn nc ngoi
nh Technip, SK, Axens, UOP a CBDK thnh lnh
vc c mi trng lm vic quc t, gp phn nng cao
cht lng nhn lc ca ngnh, cng nh hiu qu kinh
t ca cc d n.
PETROVIETNAM
67 DU KH - S 11/2011
Trong thi gian ti, ngoi vic m bo vn hnh n
nh cc nh my hon thnh, nhim v quan trng
ca lnh vc ch bin du kh l tip tc hon xy dng
cc d n ln nh m C Mau, LHD Nghi Sn, THHD
Long Sn ng tin v m bo cht lng.
2. Bi hc kinh nghim
Thnh cng ca lnh vc ch bin du kh cn c
nhiu yu t, tuy nhin c th c kt c cc bi hc
kinh nghim c bn sau:
2.1. V cng tc chun b u t
- Cn thc hin tt cng tc iu tra c bn, la chn
a im, lp bo co nghin cu kh thi, trn c s chin
lc, quy hoch c ph duyt;
- Cn thc hin tt cng tc kho st a cht, a
hnh; kim sot cht ch quy trnh k thut, quy trnh
nghim thu, tng cng kim tra, gim st;
- C d bo hp l v di hn v xu hng cht
lng sn phm v mi trng; xc nh ngun nguyn
liu u vo n nh cho d n;
- Xy dng phng n thu xp vn hp l m bo
chc chn ngun vn u t thc hin d n;
- Trnh thnh lp cc lin doanh c t l gp vn
50/50 dn n kh khn trong quyt nh cc vn
quan trng ca d n; rt kinh nghim trong m phn
cc hp ng lin doanh m bo c iu khon x l
cc vn phc tp.
2.2. V cng tc t chc thc hin d n
- Qun l iu hnh ca ch u t:
+ Xc nh yu t con ngi l tiu ch quan trng
nht quyt nh s thnh cng ca d n nhm xy dng,
o to c i ng cn b ca ch u t c kinh
nghim, nng lc chuyn mn vng vng, o c ngh
nghip tt, tm huyt vi cng vic qun l cc d n
ln nh NMLD;
+ Phn cp, u quyn ti a cho n v trc tip qun
l d n (Ban QLDA, cng ty thnh vin) cng vi c ch
gim st cht ch, bm st cng trng, kp thi tho g
kh khn vng mc;
+ La chn t vn nc ngoi c nng lc, kinh
nghim h tr ch u t i vi cc d n u t c
quy m ln, cng ngh phc tp.
- Cng tc tuyn dng o to:
+ Xy dng k hoch tng th v tuyn dng v o
to nhn lc vn hnh ngay t giai on u trin khai
d n, m bo y yu cu cho tng v tr trong dy
chuyn sn xut sau ny; xy dng tt h thng qun l
nhn s, nh gi nhn vin;
+ Kt hp nhiu hnh thc o to (trong nc, nc
ngoi, trn m hnh, ngoi hin trng, theo hp ng
EPC, hp ng cung cp bn quyn).
- Cng tc qun l hp ng:
+ Thu t vn lut nc ngoi c kinh nghim h
tr m phn cc hp ng phc tp m bo quyn li
ti a cho ch u t;
+ Xy dng b phn chuyn nghip v php l hp
ng, thng xuyn cp nht, kim tra v nh gi cc
vn c nguy c gy tranh ci kp thi x l trnh
pht sinh cho d n;
+ X l cc vn tranh chp mt cch khch quan,
linh hot trn nguyn tc cc bn cng c li.
- Cng tc la chn nh thu:
+ i vi cc d n va hoc nh, khng i hi cao
v cng ngh cng nh tin , tng thu EPC c th l
cc n v trong nc. i vi cc d n ln, trng im,
i hi nhng yu cu nghim ngt v vn, kinh nghim,
cng ngh, k thut, trnh th cn thit phi cho cc
cng ty ln, uy tn th gii thc hin. Cc doanh nghip
Vit Nam ch nn tham gia vi t cch l thnh vin ca
t hp hoc nh thu ph, coi l c hi hc hi kinh
nghim, t cng tc qun l n trnh tay ngh chuyn
mn tch ly v trng thnh;
+ Ch u t t chc gii thiu d n cc nh thu
Vit Nam nm r, c chnh sch iu phi cng vic, m
bo khng tnh trng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh
gia cc nh thu trong nc vi nhau;
+ Khng chia ct d n thnh nhiu gi thu nu ch
u t d n cn t kinh nghim qun l, c bit l trong
trng hp cc nh thu c trnh khc nhau, v s to
ra s thiu ng b, ng nht v k thut gia cc gi
thu, kh x l v v n giao di n.
3. Kh khn vng mc
Mt s kh khn vng mc ca lnh vc CBDK nh
sau:
HA - CH BIN DU KH
68 DU KH - S 11/2011
- Lut Du kh hin hnh ch yu quy nh cho lnh
vc thng ngun, cha bao gm lnh vc CBDK. Cc vn
bn hng dn ca Chnh ph cho lnh CBDK hu ht
c ban hnh di cc vn bn c bit dn ti kh khn
thc hin, nht l trong qu trnh m phn, xin c ch,
chnh sch u i...;
- Ngun vn u t cho CBDK cn hn hp, c bit
y l lnh vc yu cu vn v ngoi t rt ln. c
vn u t, ngoi nng lc ca PVN, cn thit phi c
chnh sch ca Chnh ph nhm u tin vay vn t cc
Ngn hng thng mi trong nc v quc t cng nh
ku gi u t nc ngoi;
- Nng lc ca ch u t, ca cc nh thu EPC,
nht l cc nh thu trong nc cn hn ch cha p
ng c yu cu cao trong qun l, xy dng vn hnh
d n, dn ti chm tin v nh hng ti hiu qu
kinh t;
- Kh khn trong vic thu ht nhn ti v ngi lao
ng v cc a bn vng su, vng xa.
4. Kin ngh
tip tc pht trin lnh vc CBDK v thc hin
cc nhim v xy dng, vn hnh cc nh my lc h a
du hiu qu, sn xut cc mt hng thit yu phc v
nhu cu trong nc v xut khu, gp phn thc y
pht trin kinh t t nc, cn thit phi c cc chnh
sch sau:
- Chnh ph b sung Lut Du kh, trong bao
gm cc i u khon quy nh chi tit v c ch chnh sch
cho c lnh vc lc ha du v Ngnh Du kh ni chung;
- Chnh ph ban hnh l trnh bt buc s dng
NLSH v c ch u i c th cho kinh doanh NLSH;
- Chnh ph c chnh sch u i m bo huy ng
ngun vn, ti chnh v ngoi t t trong v ngoi nc
phc v cho cc d n CBDK;
- Chnh ph, Tp on v cc n v ch ng xy
dng chnh sch, chin lc pht trin nhn lc c cht
lng cao t qun l d n, vn hnh sn xut v nghin
cu pht trin phc v lu di cho lnh vc CBDK;
- Chnh ph, T p on v cc n v tng cng u
t cho lnh vc nghin cu khoa hc v cng ngh
nng cao cht lng sn phm, gim chi ph vn hnh;
- Chnh ph tip tc c ch o st sao, ku gi cc
nh u t trong v ngoi nc u t vo lnh vc
CBDK. PVJ
Ti liu tham kho
1. Quyt nh s 223/TTg-KTN ngy 18/02/2009 ca
Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Quy hoch pht trin
Ngnh Du kh Vit Nam giai on n nm 2015, nh
hng n nm 2025.
2. Nguyn Hong Yn, Nguyn Anh c, 2010. Tng
qut qu trnh trin khai cc d n ch bin du kh ca
Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam n nm 2010. Tuyn
tp bo co HNKH 35 nm Petrovietnam, Quyn 2, trang
21-37.
3. Cp nht hin trng, hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh
ca cc n v, d n lnh vc ch bin du kh thuc Tp
on Du kh Vit Nam.
Nh my Lc du Dung Qut. nh: CTV
PETROVIETNAM
69 DU KH - S 11/2011
1. Gii thiu
Phn ng este ha l phn ng quan trng trong
phng th nghim v trong cng nghip ha hu c [1].
Cc este ca axit bo v thm c dng lm cht ha
do, dung mi, hng liu, tin cht cho ha dc, nng
ha hc, ha hc v ha cht tinh khit [2]. Ngoi ra, phn
ng este ha ca axit bo vi ru cn c ng dng
trong cng ngh sn xut nhin liu sinh hc biodiesel,
thay th cho ngun diesel gc khong ang c nguy c
cn kit ngy nay.
Phn ng este ha ancol bng axit cacboxylic c
xc tc bng cc axit sunfuric v p-toluen sulphonic. Xc
tc ny to nhiu sn phm ph, gy n mn thit b, cn
phi tch ra khi sn phm v thi ra mt lng ln mui
khi trung ha axit [3]. Khi yu cu v mi trng ngy cng
tng ngi ta s dng cc xc tc t c hi hn, l
cc h xc tc d th nh: nha trao i ion, axit khong
mang ln vt liu rn v axit rn. Tuy nhin, cc axit ny
vn cha c s dng trong sn xut cng nghip v c
gi thnh cao v hot tnh khng n nh [4].
Cht lng ion (ionic liquid, IL) l nhm cht mi c
tm ra, c cu to t cc cation hu c v cc anion hu
c hoc v c, c nhit nng chy nh hn 100
o
C.
Vic thay i cu trc hoc chiu di ca chui cacbon
ca cation hoc anion u dn n s to thnh cc cht
lng ion mi c tnh cht vt l v ha hc khc nhau, c
th s dng trong cc lnh vc khc nhau. V vy, cht lng
ion c xem l xc tc hay dung mi c th thit k c.
Cht lng ion (IL) hin ang c quan tm c bit v
tim nng thng mi ha v kh nng s dng rng ri
lm dung mi v cht xc tc thn thin mi trng cho
nhiu phn ng v qu trnh khc nhau [5]. Vic s dng
cht lng ion lm xc tc v dung mi gii quyt c
vn pht thi ra mi trng v ti sinh xc tc. Mt
s cng trnh s dng cht lng ion lm cht xc tc
cho phn ng este ha ancol v olefn [6 - 8]. Mt s tc
gi khc thc hin phn ng este ha ancol benzylic bng
axit axetic vi xc tc cht lng ion cho hiu sut kh cao
[9]. Trong nghin cu ny, phn ng este ha ancol etylic
bng axit axetic c thc hin vi cht xc tc l cht
lng ion c tnh axit bronsted i t pyridin v axit sunfuric
hoc axit photphoric.
2. Thc nghim
Tng hp pyridin hydro sunfat ([C
5
H
5
NH]
+
[HSO
4
]
-
) (Hnh 1)
Axit sunfuric c nh dn dn vo pyridin trong
vng mt gi sau khuy thm mt gi na. Sn phm
c loi nc trong chn khng nhit khong
120
o
C. ngui thu c cht rn mu nu nng chy
80
o
C.
Nghin cu s dng cht lng ion lm cht xc tc
cho phn ng este ha ancol etylic bng axit axetic
TS. Bi Th L Thy
Trng i hc M - a cht H Ni
Tm tt
Cc cht lng ion (IL) c tnh axit bronsted cao c cu to t cation pyridin v anion hydrosunfat v
dihydrophotphat c tng hp v s dng lm cht xc tc cng nh mi trng cho phn ng este ha etanol
bng axit axetic. Cht lng ion piridin hydrosunfat c hot tnh vi phn ng este ha cao hn cht lng ion pyridin
dihydrophotphat. chuyn ha 74% kl v chn lc xp x 100% t c khi dng cht xc tc pyridin hydrosunfat
trong vng 4 gi. Nghin cu cho thy hot tnh ca cht xc tc cht lng ion c th so snh c vi axit sunfuric v
ch gim nh sau nm ln ti s dng. Thnh phm este sinh ra trong qu trnh phn ng s tch ra khi lp xc tc
thnh pha ring, gp phn chuyn dch cn bng v pha to ra sn phm v c d dng tch ra khi hn hp phn
ng sau khi phn ng kt thc.
HA - CH BIN DU KH
70 DU KH - S 11/2011
Tng hp pyridin dihydro photphat ([C
5
H
5
NH]
+
[H
2
PO
4
]
-
)
(Hnh 1)
Thc hin tng t nh qu trnh tng hp pyridin
hydro sunfat. Sn phm thu c l cht lng mu vng
cam nhit thng.
Tng hp etyl axetat
Cho ancol etylic, axit axetic, cht lng ion vo bnh
cu c lp sinh hn hi lu v khuy nhit phn ng
trong thi gian quy nh. Khi phn ng kt thc, gn ly
sn phm v phn tch bng phng php sc k kh.
3. Kt qu v tho lun
3.1. Phn ng este ha vi cht xc tc [C
5
H
5
NH]
+
[HSO
4
]
-

v [C
5
H
5
NH]
+
[H
2
PO
4
]
-
Trc ht, hai cht lng ion c s dng lm cht
xc tc cho phn ng este ha etanol v axit axetic
kho st hot tnh xc tc ca chng. Kt qu c a
ra Bng 1.
Kt qu cho thy khi s dng pyridin hydro sunfat lm
cht xc tc th hiu sut ca phn ng este ha cao hn
nhiu so vi khi s dng pyridin dihydro photphat. iu
ny c gii thch t c ch ca phn ng, do phn ng
c xc tc bi axit, do tnh axit c nh hng quyt
nh n tc phn ng v chuyn ha (tnh axit ca
[C
5
H
5
NH]
+
[HSO
4
]
-
cao hn ca [C
5
H
5
NH]
+
[H
2
PO
4
]
-
). V vy,
trong cc phn tip theo pyridin hydro sunfat c chn
lm cht xc tc cho phn ng este ha etanol bng axit
axetic. nh hng ca mt s iu kin phn ng: hm
lng cht lng ion, nhit v thi gian phn ng n
hiu sut sn phm c kho st tm ra iu kin ti
u nht cho phn ng khi dng cht xc tc ny.
V phn ng este l phn ng thun nghch nn cn
la chn cc yu t chuyn dch cn bng. Vic tng
nng cht phn ng tc l dng d mt trong hai
cht l mt phng php hay dng lm chuyn dch
cn bng theo chiu thun. Tuy nhin, vic dng d mt
trong hai cht phn ng s tiu tn nng lng cho vic
tch v hi lu cht phn ng d, thit b phn ng cng
tng ln dn n chi ph u t cao hn. Ngoi ra cn tn
nng lng cho vic cp nhit tng nhit ca cht
phn ng n nhit phn ng. Trong th nghim ny,
chng ti thc hin phn ng theo ng h s t lng v
cng chnh l u im ca cht xc tc s dng trong
nghin cu ny.
3.2. nh hng ca hm lng [C
5
H
5
NH]
+
[HSO
4
]
-
n
phn ng este ha
Nh cp trn phn ng c xc tc bi axit,
do , hm lng xc tc l mt yu t quan trng quyt
nh hiu sut v tc phn ng. Cc phn ng c
tin hnh cng iu kin ch thay i t l (mol) IL/axit
t 0,2 n 0,4. Hnh 2 trnh by kt qu thu c.
Hiu sut phn ng tng khi t l mol ca cht lng
ion/axit axetic tng t 0,20 n 0,30 sau li gim. Do
, hm lng xc tc thch hp cho phn ng ny l 0,30
mol xc tc cho mt mol axit axetic. Khi hm lng xc
tc thp, phn ng xy ra chm v cn thi gian di hn
khong thi gian nghin cu. Tuy nhin, khi tng lng
xc tc th hiu sut li gim, do lc ny tnh axit cao ca
cht lng ion li lm mi trng xc tin cho phn ng
thy phn este xy ra. V vy, lng xc tc cn tnh ton
hp l thu c hiu sut este cao v gim chi ph.
Hnh 1. Cu trc ca cht lng ion ([C
5
H
5
NH]
+
[HSO
4
]
-

v [C
5
H
5
NH]
+
[H
2
PO
4
]
-
) dng trong nghin cu ny
Bng 1. Hot tnh xc tc ca cht lng ion trong phn ng este
ha etanol bng axit axetic (t l mol etanol/axit axetic = 1; t l
mol cht lng ion/axit = 0,3; 70
o
C; 4 gi)
Hnh 2. nh hng ca lng cht lng ion n hiu sut ca
phn ng (t l mol etanol/axit axetic = 1; 70
o
C; 4 gi)
PETROVIETNAM
71 DU KH - S 11/2011
3.3. nh hng ca nhit phn ng n phn ng
este ha
Nhit phn ng cng l mt yu t nh hng
n tc phn ng v do nh hng n hiu sut
to sn phm. nghin cu nh hng ca nhit
n phn ng este ha, dy th nghim c tin hnh
cng cc iu kin phn ng nhng cc nhit khc
nhau trong khong t 50 - 80
o
C. Cc kt qu c trnh
by Hnh 3.
th cho thy hiu sut phn ng tng theo nhit
n 70
o
C sau gim i. iu ny l do khi thc hin
nhit 80
o
C tc l khong nhit si ca ru th ru
bay hi lm gim hiu sut ca phn ng. Vi cc xc tc
khc, phn ng ny thng thc hin nhit cao hn
100
o
C v este sn phm c tch ra trong qu trnh phn
ng chuyn dch cn bng. Vi xc tc cht lng ion
dng trong cng trnh ny, mc d phn ng c thc
hin gin on, hiu sut phn ng t kh cao nhit
thp. y l mt u im ca cht xc tc v tin hnh
phn ng nhit cao hn th cn chi ph cao hn cho
nng lng v ch to thit b.
3.4. nh hng ca thi gian n hiu sut ca phn ng
Thi gian phn ng l mt yu t cn kho st, thi
gian ngn cha phn ng th hiu sut thp nhng
thi gian di c th dn n phn ng ph lm gim hiu
sut. Ngoi ra thi gian di lm tng chi ph ca mt qu
trnh. Hnh 4 trnh by nh hng ca thi gian n hiu
sut phn ng este ha.
Thi gian phn ng tng lm tng hiu sut este
nhng nu thi gian phn ng nhiu hn 4 gi th hiu
sut phn ng li gim. iu ny c th do nhit 70
o
C
este sn phm b bay hi mt phn nh. Nh vy thi gian
thch hp cho phn ng tng hp etylaxetat l 4 gi.
3.5. Kh nng ti s dng cht xc tc
Kh nng ti s dng cht xc tc quyt nh mt
cht xc tc c th s dng c cho phn ng nghin
cu hay khng. Trong cc quy trnh cng ngh ha hc,
nu s dng cht xc tc khng c kh nng ti s dng
hoc hiu sut ti s dng thp th s gp phi cc vn
sau: phi x l xc tc trc khi thi ra mi trng
trnh nhim v cn sn xut vi lng ln dn n tng
chi ph cho c qu trnh.
Kh nng ti s dng ca cht lng ion khi s dng
lm xc tc cho phn ng este ha etanol bng axit axetic
c nh gi. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, cht lng
ion c tch ra khi este bng cch gn, loi b nc
Hnh 3. nh hng ca nhit n hiu sut ca phn ng (t l
mol etanol/axit axetic = 1; t l mol cht lng ion/axit = 0,3; 4 gi)
Hnh 5. Kh nng ti s dng cht xc tc (t l mol etanol/axit
axetic=1; t l mol cht lng ion/axit = 0,3; 70
o
C; 4 gi)
Hnh 4. nh hng ca thi gian n hiu sut ca phn ng (t l
mol etanol/axit axetic = 1; t l mol cht lng ion/axit = 0,3; 70
o
C)
HA - CH BIN DU KH
72 DU KH - S 11/2011
v s dng li. Qu trnh phn ng
c lp li 4 ln vi cc iu kin
ti u ca phn ng. Hiu sut ca
phn ng vi cht xc tc s dng
li c trnh by Hnh 5.
Hot tnh ca cht xc tc
[C
5
H
5
NH]
+
[HSO
4
]
-
ch gim nh sau
4 ln s dng cho thy y l cht
xc tc thch hp cho phn ng
este ha. S gim nh hiu sut
ca phn ng c th do s mt mt
(lng cht xc tc s dng t li
b dnh vo bnh phn ng trong
qu trnh chuyn i bnh loi
nc) trong qu trnh tin hnh th
nghim v s loi nc khi xc tc
cha trit . iu ny c th trnh
hoc gim nu thc hin vi lng ln v vi h thit b
chuyn dng.
3.6. So snh hot tnh xc tc ca [C
5
H
5
NH]
+
[HSO
4
]
-
vi
H
2
SO
4
v mt s xc tc khc
Cht xc tc c s dng cho phn ng ny l cc
axit mnh. Vi mong mun lm tng tnh axit ca cht
lng ion phn ng t hiu sut cao hn, chng ti
thc hin phn ng tng hp cht lng ion vi lng
pyridine gim i (t l mol H
2
SO
4
/pyridin ln hn 1). Tuy
nhin, kt qu thc nghim cho thy khi dng cht lng
ion c axit sunfuric d, hiu sut sn phm thp hn so
vi khi dng cht lng ion c t l H
2
SO
4
/pyridin = 1. Do
vy, c th khng nh hot tnh xc tc ca sn phm
tng hp c l ca [C
5
H
5
NH]
+
[HSO
4
]
-
.

so snh hot tnh xc tc ca cht lng ion
nghin cu vi cht xc tc truyn thng t c c s
phn tch v nh gi, phn ng este ha c thc
hin vi xc tc axit sunfuric m c 98% vi iu kin
tng t nh vi cht lng ion. Kt qu cho thy cng
cc iu kin phn ng, cht lng ion cho hiu sut cao
hn (Bng 2).
iu ny c th gii thch nh sau: khi dng cht lng
ion th este sinh ra trong qu trnh phn ng s tch ra
khi lp xc tc thnh pha ring, gp phn chuyn dch
cn bng v pha to ra sn phm. Ngoi ra nhit ti
u cho phn ng ny vi xc tc axit sunfuric l 140
o
C. Tuy
nhin, trong th nghim so snh, phn ng ch thc hin
70
o
C nn hiu sut khng cao.
c c s so snh v kt lun v kh nng xc tc
ca cht lng ion cho phn ng este ha etanol bng axit
axetic, kt qu ca mt s nghin cu khc c trch dn
trong Bng 2.
Khi dng nha trao i ion Amberlite
TM
15 lm xc tc
cho phn ng este ha etanol vi axit axetic [10] iu
kin tng t, hiu sut ca phn ng thp hn so vi
trng hp dng cht lng ion tng hp c lm xc
tc. Ngoi ra, vic ti sinh nha li phc tp hn.
Gurav v cng s cng thc hin phn ng este ha
etanol vi axit axetic s dng mt s h xc tc rn nh:
t st, axit rn (DTPA, STH, DMAA) mang ln t st [11].
Hiu sut phn ng trong mt vi trng hp c cao hn
khi dng xc tc cht lng ion nhng li i hi thi gian
phn ng di hn v phi dng kh d nhiu axit axetic
(t l mol axit axetic/etanol = 2). Mt khc, mt nhc
im kh ph bin ca xc tc rn l hot tnh ca chng
gim kh nhanh. Tuy nhin, trong nghin cu ca Gurav,
kh nng ti s dng v ti sinh cc xc tc ny cha
c cp.
Kt lun
Cc cht lng ion [C
5
H
5
NH]
+
[HSO
4
]
-

v [C
5
H
5
NH]
+
[H
2
PO
4
]
-
tng hp c c hot tnh xc tc cao cho phn ng este
ha axit axetic bng etanol. Trong , [C
5
H
5
NH]
+
[HSO
4
]
-

cho hiu sut este ha cao hn [C
5
H
5
NH]
+
[H
2
PO
4
]
-
.
Bng 2. Hiu sut phn ng este ha vi xc tc cht lng ion v axit sunfuric (t l mol cht
lng ion/axit = 0,3; 70
o
C; 4 gi)
*
kt qu trong nghin cu ny
PETROVIETNAM
73 DU KH - S 11/2011
iu kin thch hp trong vng kho st cho phn
ng este ha axit axetic bng etanol l: t l mol xc
tc/axit axetic = 0,3; nhit phn ng = 70
o
C; thi gian
phn ng = 4 gi. Hiu sut este cao nht t c trong
nghin cu l 74% kl.
Cht xc tc c kh nng ti sinh cao (hot tnh xc
tc gim nh sau 4 ln s dng) v gn nh khng bay hi
nn gim chi ph v t gy nhim mi trng. Trong qu
trnh phn ng khng cn tch sn phm chuyn dch
cn bng. Ngoi ra, phn ng cn c thc hin theo
ng h s t lng v nhit thp.
Ti liu tham kho
1. R.C. Larock (Ed.), 1999. Comprehensive Organic
Transformations, second ed. VCH, New York.
2. P.W. Greene, P.G.M. Wuts, 1999. Protective Groups
in Organic Chemistry. Wiley, New York, (Chapter 5).
3. M. Maki-Arfela, T. Salmi, M. Sundell, K.
Ekman, R. Peltonen, J. Lehtonen, 1999. Comparison of
polyvinylbenzene and polyolefn supported sulphonic acid
catalysts in the esterifcation of acetic acid. Applied Catalysis
A: General, 184, p. 25 - 32.
4. A. Heidekum, M.A. Harmer, W.F. Hoelderich, 1999.
Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Cyclic Olefns Catalyzed
by Strong Acidic Ion-Exchange Resins. J. Catalysis. 181,
p. 217 - 222.
5. Amanda C. Cole, Jessica L. Jensen, Ioanna Ntai,
Kim Loan T. Tran, Kristin J. Weaver, David C. Forbes and
James H. Davis, Jr, 2002. Novel Bronsted acidic ionic liquids
and their use as dual Solvent-Catalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc.
124, p. 5962 - 5963.
6. Trissa Joseph, Suman Sahoo, S.B. Halligudi,
2005. Bronsted acidic ionic liquids: A green, ef cient and
reusable catalystsystem and reaction medium for Fischer
esterifcation. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical
234, p.107 - 110.
7. H.-P. Zhu, F. Yang, J. Tang, M.-Y. He, 2003. Bronsted
acidic ionic liquid 1-methylimidazolium tetrafuoroborate:
a green catalyst and recyclable medium for esterifcation.
Green Chem. 5, p.38 - 39.
8. Y. Gu, F. Shi, Y. Deng, 2004. Esterifcation of
aliphatic acids with olefn promoted by Bronsted acidic ionic
liquids. J. Mol. Catal. A, Chem. 212, p. 71 - 75.
9. Youquan Deng, Feng Shi, Jiajian Beng, Kun Qiao,
2001. Ionic liquid as a green catalytic reaction medium for
esterifcations. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical,
165, p. 33 - 36.
10. scar de la Iglesia, Reyes Mallada, Miguel
Menndez, Joaqun Coronas, 2007. Continuous zeolite
membrane reactor for esterifcation of ethanol and acetic
acid. Chemical Engineering Journal, 131, p. 35 - 39.
11. Hanum ant Gurav, Vijay V. Bokade, 2010. Synthesis
of ethyl acetate by esterifcation of acetic acid with ethanol
over a heteropolyacid on montmorillonite K10. Journal of
Natural Gas Chemistry Vol. 19. No. 2. 161.
Phn ng este ha etanol vi axit axetic c th s dng cht xc tc rn nh t st montmorillonite.
Trong nh: Vch ni Gay Head ti Martha's Vineyard gn nh ton b l t st.
AN TON - MI TRNG DU KH
74 DU KH - S 11/2011
1. Thc trng
S pht trin ngy cng nhanh ca Ngnh cng
nghip du kh ni chung ko theo s gia tng ca cc h
thng thit b nh cc cng trnh c nh, di ng, ng
ng dn du kh, cc nh my ch bin, lc ha du
cng lm tng nguy c mt an ton cc cng trnh du
kh. S c trn du vnh Mexico hay chy, n ng ng
dn du kh ti Ai Cp, Trung Quc, Th Nh K l nhng
v d in hnh.
Mt v n ng ng dn kh rt ln xy ra gn
Cleburne, ht Johnson thuc bang Texas ca M ngy
7/6/2010 lm 6 ngi b thng, 3 ngi thit mng v 10
ngi khc mt tch, nguyn nhn l do cc cng nhn
lm thng ng ng khi ang o (Hnh 1).
Ngy 5/2/2011, ng ng dn kh pha Bc bn o
Sinai ca Ai Cp, cch sn bay Airish khong 3km b
n, gy chy v to ct khi khng l, v n khng gy
thng vong, nhng vic cung cp kh t cho hai nc
Jordan v Israel b gin on. Nguyn nhn ca v n
c th do ph hoi hoc r r kh (Hnh 2).
S c du loang ln nht Trung Quc xy ra t ngy
16/6/2011 khi mt ng ng dn du cng i Lin,
tnh Liu Ninh, ng Bc Trung Quc pht n, gy chy
ln, phi mt ti 15 ting mi khng ch c ngn la,
1 lnh cu ha thit mng, cc bi bin gn i Lin phi
ng ca (Hnh 3).
Bo ng nn vi phm hnh lang an ton
cc cng trnh du kh
ThS. Nguyn B Lc
Tng cng ty Thm d Khai thc Du kh
Mc d nhng nm qua, PVN, PVEP, cc nh thu du kh v chnh quyn a phng c nhiu c gng trong
cng tc tuyn truyn nhm bo m an ton cho cc cng trnh du kh nhng s vi phm vn tip din v c th ni
n lc bo ng. bo v an ton cho cc cng trnh du kh cn c s phi hp gia cc n v lin quan, s vo
cuc quyt lit hn ca chnh quyn v c bit l s hng ng tch cc t pha ngi dn.
Hnh 1. m chy mnh n mc lnh cu ha khng th n gn
trong 500m
Hnh 2. V n ti Ai Cp gy ra m chy ln
Hnh 3. Du loang lan rng trn 400km
2
mt bin Trung Quc
PETROVIETNAM
75 DU KH - S 11/2011
Ngy 12/8/2011, ti vng lnh th thuc Th Nh K
dc bin gii vi Iran xy ra mt v n ng ng dn
kh, cha r nguyn nhn, ngn la c dp tt v
ng ng phi sa cha mt 1 tun (Hnh 4).
Ngy 12/9/2011, t nht 75 ngi thit mng, 110
ngi c a ti bnh vin vi bng trn 30 ,
nhiu ngi nh lp mi bng kim loi b san bng, sau khi
mt ng ng dn du pht n v bc chy ti khu cng
nghip Lunga Lunga, th Nairobi, Kenya. S r r ng
ng dn du khin nhiu ngi ti y thu gom nhin liu
v mt mu thuc l b nm vo on cng l thin gy
nn tai nn ny. Trc , nm 1999, hn 100 ngi cht
khi gom du b r r ti Molo, pha Ty Kenya, sau khi ngn
la bng ln bao trm mt xe ch du (Hnh 5).
Ti Vit Nam theo thng k, 50% nguyn nhn gy s
c cc cng trnh du kh l do tc ng t bn ngoi, nh
hot ng dng mn nh bt c, th li, neo u, thi
vt liu rn, d tm v vt ph liu gy h hng lp b
tng bc ngoi v v ng, vic khai thc ct gy st l,
khin ng b treo, b trt, lm ng ng b cong, c th
dn n gy ng ng bt c lc no.
Ti ng ng dn kh Nam Cn Sn, nm 2010, trong
lc i kim tra, nhn vin an ton ca cng ty qun l
ng ng ny pht hin n pho ph liu b ngi
dn b li trn hnh lang tuyn ng. Nm 2009, khi lm
ng, cu, cng, t ng nc, cc n v thi cng
o, xc trong hnh lang ng ng, va chm vo ng
ng dn kh nm su di t 40cm. Ngoi ra, cn c cc
hin tng gy mt an ton khc vn thng xuyn din
ra nh xe c gii, xe ti nng lu thng trn tim ng dn
kh gy mp mo ng ng di t, t, tp kt vt
liu trn tim ng.
Theo kho st di bin ca JVPC t nm 2001 - 2011
pht hin thy hn 250 khong h di b mt ng
ng y bin, trong 50 v tr vt qu gii hn cho
php; c 446 pht hin h hng vt l, trong hn 60
h hng do tc ng bn ngoi; 130 v tr pht hin c rc
thi nh m neo, cp, ph tng tu, b tng khi
Hnh 4. N ng ng dn du Th Nh K (nh VOA)
Hnh 5. Hin trng v n ng ng dn du ti Kenya ngy
12/9/2011 (nh AFP)
Hnh 6. M neo tu thuyn b li trn ng ng y bin
76 DU KH - S 11/2011
S vi phm hnh lang an ton trn bin nhiu nht
xy ra ti cc khu vc c kho st a chn do phm vi
thu n ln, thi gian nhanh. Mc d cc nh thu
thng bo chi tit thng qua thng bo hng hi kh
sm trc khi tin hnh thu n, nhng s vi phm vn
xy ra lin tc, ti hng trm v/ngy nh ti vnh Bc
b thng 8/2011. in hnh l v ti 19/7/2011, tu kho
st a chn 3D M/V CGG Amadeus ang thu n b vng
vo chi, li c nn b hng v mt vi thit b, lm gin
on cng vic gn 3 ngy, thit hi hn 20 t ng.
Hoc ngy 1/8/2011, mt tu c c tnh di chuyn qua
vng kho st, d cc tu bo v bn pho hiu,
va chm vi tu bo v, v va chm khng gy thit hi
v ngi nhng lm h hng mt s thit b ca c
hai bn. Ngoi ra, ngy 7/8/2011, hai tu c khi di chuyn
vo vng kho st c hng dn ra khi khu vc
nguy him nhng khng chp hnh v cn c hnh vi
chng i, buc tu bo v phi bn pho hiu mi chu
di chuyn ra ngoi hnh lang an ton.
2. Cng tc tuyn truyn
Hin trng nu trn cho thy s cn thit phi tuyn
truyn bo m an ton cho cc cng trnh du kh v vic
ny c Tp on Du kh Vit Nam (PVN), cc nh
thu du kh rt quan tm, thc hin vi nhiu hnh
thc tuyn truyn phong ph. Cng tc tuyn truyn bc
u to chuyn bin tch cc. Ngi dn ni chung v
ng dn ni ring hiu bit hn v hnh lang an ton,
ta tuyn ng dn kh v cc cng trnh du kh, cc
khu vc cm... tc l bin php tuyn truyn cng c hiu
qu nht nh. Tuy nhin, tnh hnh vi phm hnh lang an
ton (c bit l trn bin) vn tip din do cc phng
tin nh bt hi sn gy ra, mc d ti cc cng trnh,
nh thu thng xuyn c tu trc, thm ch thu c tu
ca b i Hi qun bo v. iu ny chng t vic tuyn
truyn cha t hiu qu cao, ch ti x l cc phng
tin vi phm cha nghim v do cha xy ra s c ln no
nn chng ta cn ch quan.
Nm 2009, PVEP tham gia trc tip v h tr cc
hot ng tuyn truyn an ton an ninh cc cng trnh
du kh do PVN t chc t ngy 15 - 18/12/2009 ti cc
tnh Bnh Thun, B Ra-Vng Tu, Kin Giang, C Mau.
Qua hot ng ny, bc u nng cao kh nng nhn
thc ca b con ng dn v chnh quyn s ti trong vic
bo m an ton cc cng trnh du kh.
Cc nh iu hnh cng thng xuyn c nhng
thng bo rng ri, tuyn truyn ti chnh quyn v nhn
dn trc v trong khi thc hin cc hot ng du kh,
qua vic xin php ph duyt cc ti liu ATSKMT, qua
thng bo... Nh thu PCVL tng t chc tuyn truyn
ti tnh Bnh Thun v B Ra-Vng Tu trc khi lp rp
gin khai thc ti m Pearl nm 2009.
Ngy 14/6/2011, Tng cng ty Kh Vit Nam (PV Gas)
phi hp vi B i Bin phng tnh Tr Vinh t chc
bui truyn thng bo v an ninh, an ton ng ng dn
kh di bin v cc cng trnh kh trn bin, tuyn truyn
cho cc ngnh chc nng, chnh quyn v b con ng dn
nh bt xa b. Bui truyn thng gip cho ng dn
hiu h thng cc cng trnh kh, nng cao nhn thc
v s hiu v h thng ng ng dn kh di bin. T
c trch nhim tham gia bo v ti sn ca quc gia,
bo v s an ton ca h thng ng ng v cc cng
trnh du kh.
Hnh 7. Tu c vi phm hnh lang an ton m du
PETROVIETNAM
77 DU KH - S 11/2011
3. Nhng tn ti, kh khn
Trong qu trnh tuyn truyn, phi hp tuyn truyn
vi cc nh thu, chng ti thy rng vn cn nhng tn
ti sau:
- Cc hot ng tuyn truyn cha c thng nht,
tt c mi ch bt pht, theo s v.
- Mt s a phng cn lng tng trong ch o v
tuyn truyn ti nhn dn.
- Chnh quyn cp c s c nhiu kh khn nht
nh trong cng tc tuyn truyn.
- Cc thng tin t nh thu v chnh quyn a
phng cha n c vi ngi dn y .
- Nhn thc ca ngi dn cn hn ch.
- Khu vc mt s d n c nhiu tim nng nh
bt hi sn nn ng dn vn tin hnh khai thc bt chp
nguy him.
- Cc khu vc c hot ng du kh nm trong tuyn
hng hi quc t nn vic cc tu hng, tu c vi phm
hnh lang an ton vn cn nhiu.
Bng 1 thng k s lng cc tu thuyn vi phm
hnh lang an ton cc cng trnh, s liu ny c cc
nh iu hnh cung cp, v cha tnh tu khng s, tu l,
tu hng nc ngoi.
Hnh 8.PV Gas tuyn truyn bo v an ninh an ton
Bng 1. Thng k tu thuyn vi phm hnh lang an ton t nm 2008
78 DU KH - S 11/2011
4. xut, kin ngh
bo m an ton cc cng trnh du kh, Chnh
ph ban hnh cc ngh nh v bo v an ninh, an
ton du kh, quy ch x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong
lnh vc du kh v qun l, bo v an ninh, trt t. UBND
tnh B Ra - Vng Tu cng ban hnh nhiu cng vn
ch o cc ban, ngnh, huyn th v cng tc phi hp
bo v an ninh, an ton du kh, trong c Ch th s
14/2010/CT-UBND ngy 26-8-2010 v vic nghim cm
cc phng tin hot ng ti khu vc an ton ca cc
cng trnh du kh.
Cc v vi phm d cha gy ra tn tht no ln,
nhng vn xy ra thng xuyn, v c nhiu du hiu cho
thy ngy mt nghim trng, nn cn phi tng cng
cc bin php phng nga, c th nh sau:
- Duy tr thng xuyn hot ng tuyn truyn
bng nhiu hnh thc khc nhau, ni dung n gin, d
hiu, tip cn trc tip n ngi dn. c bit xem xt
tuyn truyn thng qua B t lnh Bin phng, cc i
pht sng thng bo thi tit bin.
- Phi hp cht ch vi chnh quyn a phng
trong cng tc tuyn truyn, h tr phng tin, thit b
v gn trch nhim cng a phng thc hin.
- ngh chnh quyn a phng qun l cht s
lng tu c nhm trnh tnh trng tu khng c s, cc
tu phi c trang b cc phng tin lin lc ng
quy nh.
- C ch ti x l nhng tu, thuyn, ch phng
tin c tnh xm phm hnh lang an ton.
- Tu ca B i Hi qun, bin phng cn thng
xuyn tun tra bo v, c bit l vo ban m.
- Thc hin din tp ng cu khn cp, tm kim
cu nn, phi hp thng tin c s phi hp tham gia ca
chnh quyn a phng v nhn dn.
- Chnh ph xem xt sa i ngh nh 145/N-CP
theo hng tng tin pht v quy nh thm quyn pht/
x l phng tin/ngi vi phm.
- Chnh ph ch o B t lnh Hi qun, Cc Cnh
st bin, B t lnh Bin phng phi hp bo v an ninh
an ton cc cng trnh du kh, c s phi hp cht ch
gia cc c quan lin quan.
- Cc a phng c cng trnh du kh i qua cn
ch ng tng cng tuyn truyn n ngi dn, mi
ngi hiu r tm quan trng cng nh nguy c ri ro c
th xy ra.
- Khi no vt, khi thng lung, lch, ch u t v
n v thi cng phi phi hp vi n v qun l cng
trnh du kh thng nht phng n thi cng qua vng
nh hng ca cng trnh du kh.
- n v cp php khai thc ct cn phi hp vi n
v qun l cng trnh du kh c thng tin v cc cng
trnh ngm t a ra phng n hp l.
- n v qun l cc cng trnh du kh cn k nhng
hp ng trch nhim vi t dn ph, khu ph cc a
phng qun l cng trnh du kh tt hn. PVJ
Ti liu tham kho
1. Nht Mai (theo AP, Xinhua), 2010. M: N ng
ng dn kh, t nht 13 ngi cht v mt tch. http://dantri.
com.vn
2. Vn Anh (theo AP), 2011. N tung ng ng dn
kh t Ai Cp. http://laodong.com.vn
3. DT/AFP, 2011. Trung Quc: Du loang khp 400km
2

mt bin t v n ng ng. www.petrotimes.vn
4. Phng Anh (theo Aljazeera), 2011. N ng ng
dn kh t t Iran sang Th Nh K. www.petrotimes.vn
5. Thnh Huy, 2010. Cng tc bo v cc cng trnh
du kh: Tim n nhng nguy c mt an ton. http://www.
baobariavungtau.com.vn
6. Quang Vinh, 2011. Tr Vinh truyn thng bo v an
ninh, an ton ng ng dn kh di bin v cc cng trnh
kh trn bin. http://www.travinh.gov.vn
7. PVEP POC, thng 7 v 8/2011. Thng bo v chin
dch kho st a chn phc v thm d du kh ngoi khi
vnh Bc b.
8. JVPC, 8/2011. Summary report on fshing boats
violation & pipelines coating damage.
PETROVIETNAM
79 DU KH - S 11/2011
G
im pht thi kh CO
2

l xu th tt yu trong
chin lc pht trin bn vng,
lu di i vi tt c cc quc
gia trn th gii. Pht biu khai
mc Ta m Pht trin nhin
liu xanh ng ph vi nc
bin dng Vit Nam, ng Ng
Thng San - Ch tch Hi Du
kh Vit Nam cho bit: C th
gii ang quan tm v cng
nhau ng ph vi bin i kh
hu ton cu. Bin i kh hu
m trc ht l s nng ln
ton cu v nc bin dng l
mt trong nhng thch thc
ln nht i vi ton nhn loi
trong th k 21. Theo nh gi
ca Ngn hng Th gii (2007),
Vit Nam l mt trong nm nc
chu nh hng nhiu nht t bin i kh hu v nc
bin dng, trong ng bng sng Cu Long v ng
bng sng Hng s chu nh hng nng nht. Nu nc
bin dng thm 1m, 10% dn s Vit Nam s b nh hng
v thit hi trn 10% GDP. Hin nay, cng ng th gii
bao gm cc t chc quc t, chnh ph cc nc, cc
doanh nghip, t chc khoa hc cng ngh ang u t
v tin hnh cc gii php hu hiu ng ph vi bin
i kh hu.
GS.TS. H S Thong cho bit, u t cho nng lng
ti to trn th gii trong giai on t nm 2008 n 2010
tng dn t 130 ln 211 t USD, s lng cc nc tham
gia vo lnh vc nng lng ti to t 39 nc ln 98 nc,
sn xut ethanol 67 ln 86 t lt. Hin nay, vic pht trin
nhin liu sinh hc Vit Nam ang ng trc thch
thc rt ln, ang trong giai on pht trin nhin liu
sinh hc th h 1, trong ethanol v biodiesel s loi
ra khi vng tnh ton ca UOP. Nm 2010, trn ton th
gii nhin liu sinh hc cung cp 2,7% cho giao thng vn
ti, trong 31 nc chnh thc s dng nhin liu sinh
hc pha trn. Theo Trung tm Nng lng Th gii, nhin
liu sinh hc c th p ng hn 1/4 nhin liu cho giao
thng vn ti vo nm 2050.
Ti Ta m ln ny, i din UOP LLC (M) trnh by
chin lc pht trin nng lng ti to trong iu kin
m bo an ninh lng thc, ti nguyn t v nc, bo
v mi trng. UOP sn xut nhin liu sinh hc thc (t
biomass, to) thay v nhin liu ph gia/hn hp. Do ,
chi ph vn thp hn, gim thiu s gin on chui gi
tr v gim ri ro u t. Bn cnh , cc i biu tho
lun xung quanh vn : so snh hiu qu ca cc ngun
Pht trin nhin liu xanh
ang ng trc thch thc ln
Ngy 26/10/2011, Tp on Du kh Vit Nam, Hi Du kh Vit Nam v UOP LCC (M) phi hp t chc Ta m
vi ch Pht trin nhin liu xanh ng ph vi nc bin dng Vit Nam. Hi tho ng gp nhiu kin,
gii php thit thc cho mt hng pht trin bn vng, trong c vic pht trin nhin liu xanh nhm ng ph
hu hiu vi bin i kh hu Vit Nam.
Ch tch Hi Du kh Vit Nam Ng Thng San tham gia ch tr Hi tho. nh: Ngc Linh
80 DU KH - S 11/2011
nguyn liu mi (rm r, tru, to) nng cao hiu
qu ch bin nhin liu sinh hc, gim thiu nhim mi
trng, y mnh vic trin khai ng dng cc kt qu
nghin cu vo thc tin sn xut; mi quan h nhin liu
sinh hc - gi du, nhin liu sinh hc - lng thc, mc
pht thi CO
2
, vn a dng sinh hc, ngun nc,
cn bng nng lng v hiu qu; khuyn khch thc hin
chuyn giao cng ngh v to mi trng u t pht
trin sn xut nhin liu sinh hc; tng cng c s vt
cht k thut v o to ngun nhn lc phc v nhu cu
pht trin nhin liu sinh hc, nng cao nhn thc cng
ng v pht trin nhin liu sinh hc...
Nhn thc tm quan trng ca nhin liu xanh i
vi vn an ninh nng lng, Tp on Du kh Quc gia
Vit Nam (Petrovietnam) xy dng mt chin lc pht
trin nhin liu sinh hc n nm 2015 v tm nhn n
nm 2025 nhm m bo an ninh nng lng, ci thin
mi trng v nng cao thu nhp ca nng dn. Trong
thi gian qua, Petrovietnam phi hp vi cc B, Ban,
Ngnh v cc a phng trin khai tt cng tc u t
xy dng 3 nh my sn xut bio- ethanol t ti 3 min
Bc, Trung, Nam vi cng sut mi nh my l 100.000
m/nm. Trong , PV OIL trc tip lm ch u t 2 nh
my tnh Ph Th v Bnh Phc. Petrovietnam cn
nghin cu lp bo co u t d n sn xut biodiesel
cng sut 100.000 tn/nm v th nghim trng cy ht
du Jatropha cng nh nghin cu sn xut nhin liu
sinh hc t cc ngun nguyn liu khc (ln men t rm
r, tru).
Mc d Nh nc ban hnh mt s c ch, chnh
sch pht trin nhin liu sinh hc nhng hin nay Vit
Nam vn cn thiu u t cho cng tc nh gi tim
nng, xy dng c s d liu v thiu ngun kinh ph
di hn cho chng trnh Khc phc nhng kh khn
ban u, Petrovietnam vn kin tr pht trin nhin liu
sinh hc vi mc tiu trong giai on ti l xy dng quy
hoch tng th vng nguyn liu cho sn xut nhin liu
sinh hc ti Vit Nam; nng cao hiu qu ca d n hin
c, ti u ha nc v nng lng cho cc nh my sn
xut ethanol; sn xut cc ph gia cho ethanol sinh hc,
xng pha cn v biodiesel; pha trn trc tip du sinh
hc vi du ha thch gim chi ph ch bin, xy dng
hnh lang php l cho s dng du diesel sinh hc, xy
dng cc tiu chun k thut quc gia v phn phi nhin
liu sinh hc...
Ngnh cng nghip nng lng trn th gii hin
nay ch yu da trn cng ngh nhit in v thy in,
mang n cho nhn loi nn vn minh in, nhng
cng bc l mt tri ca n i vi mi trng tri t.
Vi vic t chy nhin liu gc ha thch (than , du
kh), tr thnh ngun pht thi kh nh knh ln nht
gy ra bin i kh hu trn ton cu, li tc hi lu
di cho mi trng. V vy, th k 21 vi chin lc pht
trin bn vng trn ton cu, c bit l thi k pht trin
kinh t xanh, nng lng xanh bt u chng kin
nhng cng ngh mi sn xut in, nhin liu sch
hn, trong c sn xut in t cc ngun nng lng
ti to v tn trong t nhin hay lun pht sinh cng i
sng con ngi.
Hin nay s gia tng pht trin kinh t ca Vit Nam
vi khong 7% nm v lng in tiu th gia tng
khong 13 - 14% nm, trong khi gi du, than, kh t
tng cao v ch yu s phi nhp khu nn s gy kh
khn cho an ninh nng lng quc gia. Vic b sung, a
dng ha ngun nng lng s cp, trong nng lng
ti to l cn thit phc v pht trin bn vng, c bit
trong bi cnh bin i kh hu ang din ra. Hin ti th
gii ang tiu th ch yu t than, du kh, ht nhn,
nng lng ti to ch chim 12%. C cu cc ngun nng
lng s gia tng cc ngun nng lng ti to cho n
nm 2050. Theo bn phn b tim nng cc ngun
nng lng ti to th gii, Vit Nam nm khu vc c
tim nng trung bnh v nc sng, nng, gi, sng, triu,
nhit (di t v di bin) - ngha l c th khai thc
hiu qu, nhng phi la chn thn trng cng ngh ph
hp v quy hoch hp l. PVJ
Huy Hong
Trong giai on 2011 - 2015, Vit Nam t mc tiu:
Sn xut c cc ph gia, men v vt liu cho sn xut
nhin liu sinh hc, pht trin sn xut v s dng nhin
liu sinh hc thay th nhin liu truyn thng; pht trin
cc ging nguyn liu mi c nng sut cao; xy dng
m hnh sn xut nhin liu sinh hc tng ng vi 1%
nhu cu xng du c nc vo nm 2015; bo m cung
cp 20% nhu cu c nc v E5 v B5. Giai on 2016 n
2025: Xy dng ngnh nhin liu sinh hc tin tin, hin
i v bn vng; bo m cung cp 100% nhu cu c
nc v E5 v B5.
PETROVIETNAM
81 DU KH - S 11/2011
Nguyn l cng ngh khi dng trng sng m
Nguyn l tng cng thu hi du da trn s kch
thch tng cha du bng trng m hc kt hp vi
hiu ng ph v cu trc cha nm gn ging khai
thc bng thy lc nhm nng cao lu lng du chy
vo lng ging khai thc thng qua cc giao ng c
bit ca trng sng n hi (sng m hc) trong nhng
khu vc xa thn ging. Cc giao ng truyn trong tng
cha di dng sng n hi s lm thay i gc tip xc
gia thnh to v cht lu do lm gim h s ma st
thu lc. Sng n hi cn lm tng lc giao ng trong
lp cha, to ra cc gia tc khc nhau cho cc thnh
phn cht lu khc nhau do t trng ca chng khc
nhau. Cc cht lu c xt vi nhau do gia tc thay i li
to ra nhit ma st v iu ny lm gim lc cng b mt.
Nhit c cung cp cho mi trng ln cn gp phn
gi hoc tng nhit cho tng cha, lm gia tng iu kin
to p sut trong vng bao quanh ging. Song song vi
cc hiu ng ni trn, giao ng sng n hi cn lm
cho kh ho tan trong du thot ra, du chy vo ging vi
vn tc cao hn, cng tc l lm cho p sut chung quanh
thn ging tng cao hn, gp phn khai thc du bng
gaslift d dng hn.
Nhng nghin cu lin quan n phng php kch
thch tng cha bng sng m hc trong nhng nm cui
ca th k 20 c tin hnh nhiu nht Lin X v
M v c ti khi ng li trong nhng nm gn y
ti nhiu nc c cng nghip du kh pht trin. Li ch
ca hiu ng do sng n hi mang li i vi cng sut
khai thc nc ngm, du, kh c pht hin t nhng
quan st thng k rt n tng v mi lin quan gia cc
trn ng t hoc cc chn ng nhn to v mc nc
trong cc ging khoan nc ngm cng nh sn lng
du kh khai thc. Steinbrugge v Moram (1954) cng
b cc bin ng sn lng du ti qun Kern trong qu
trnh ng t hi thng 7/1952 Nam California. Ti rt
nhiu ging thng k cho thy p sut ti ng chng
trong ging khoan tng nhiu ln vt mc bnh thng
trong mt s ngy u tin sau khi xy ra ng t. Ti mt
s ging sn lng du tng gp ri ngay sau khi ng
t xy ra, ngc li mt s ging khc sn lng li
gim rt mnh. Nhiu cng trnh nghin cu c ch xy ra
cc hiu ng ca sng vi a chn i vi mi trng bo
ho cht lu nh ca Bodin, Duhon, Surguchev, Gadiev,
Wallace, Kuzenetsov, Simkin, Sadovski, Lopukhov, Kissin...
c cng b trn cc tp ch chuyn ngnh t 1954 n
cui th k 20 Lin X v M. V c bn lc mao qun
S dng sng m hc v sng in t trong cng
tc tng cng thu hi du: Mt hng nghin
cu mi y ha hn
Vn tng cng thu hi du trong nhng nm qua c quan tm c bit, bi v vi cng ngh khai thc hin
nay vn cn li mt lng ln du trong m v vic tm ra m mi ngy cng kh khn. Vit Nam, yu cu tng
cng thu hi du (EOR) trong cc m , ang v s khai thc li cng c t ra cp bch.
Trn th gii cng nh nc ta c nhiu phng php EOR c p dng nhng cha c phng php no
tha mn c nhu cu ca cc cng ty khai thc. V vy vic nghin cu, th nghim cc phng php theo nhng
nguyn l mi lun c quan tm. Mt trong nhng gii php mang li hiu qu cao da trn nguyn l kch thch
tng cha sn phm bng trng sng m hc v bng in trng c nhiu cng ty du quc t nghin cu.
Sau y chng ti xin gii thiu mt ng dng mi, s dng thit b ci tin dng trong phng php ph v thy lc
to ra ngun sng m hc v dng ng thi kt hp hiu ng thy lc cng sng m phc v cho tng cng thu
hi du, c bit trong cc m trng thnh bn c tham kho, nghin cu ng dng cho cc m Vit Nam. y
l mt cng ngh va c hiu qu tt li va n gin, r tin nn c nh gi cao.
GII THIU KHOA HC - CNG NGH
82 DU KH - S 11/2011
v trng lc (tc ng ln s khc nhau v mt gia
cc pha bo ho mi trng) l tc nhn chnh iu khin
cht lu trong tng cha.
Du cn li trong tng cha i vo giai on cn
kit thng th hin di dng cc git du phn tn
trong nc. S khc nhau v t trng/mt to ra s
tch bit gia du v nc, y l hiu ng rt quen bit
trong hin tng ni kt (coalescence) cc git cht lu li
vi nhau bng con ng trng lc. Lc mao qun ng
vai tr quan trng trong hin tng thm (percolation)
qua cc knh l hng li ti trong trm tch hoc trong
vi nt n. Mng cht lng c hp ph trn vch l hng
trong qu trnh thm ny. Cc mng ny lm gim qu
trnh thm bnh thng v chng lm gim ng knh
hiu dng ca cc l hng. Nu l hng qu nh th bin
ca cc mng ny c th chn ng qu trnh thm hon
ton. Hin tng thm ch c phc hi khi c gradient
p sut ti hn tc ng. Ngoi ra s c mt ca cht
khong ho tan trong cht lu thm thu cng lm thay
i b dy ca mng cht lng.
Trong cc tng cha bo ho, pha du v nc an
xen nhau, trn ln vo nhau. Vai tr quan trng ca
thm tng i gia cc pha ny iu khin kh nng
thu hi du l s c mt ca ngng bo ho du, di
ngng ny du s khng di ng c. Trong mi
trng bo ho du thp th du tch ra thnh cc git
khng ni kt vi nhau.
Nicolevski cho rng tc ng ca sng n hi c th
lm thay i thm pha, do lm tng di ng ca
du di mc bo ho (So). Trng sng n hi c th
lm tng tc di c ca du trong mi trng xp. Cc
sng tn s thp c u im l c kh nng thm nhp
su vo mi trng truyn dn nhng hnh nh t c kh
nng to ra hiu ng n hi phi tuyn bi v cng
sng (mt ca dng nng lng) t l thun vi bnh
phng tn s (Nasov 1965). Tuy nhin khi c mt ca mt
trng p sut bin thin trong bc sng vt qu
ng knh ca git du v bong bng kh trong nc th
cc git du li di ng c nh mt khc nhau gia
chng (Kuznetsov, Sadovski, 1986). Lc Bzerknes, tc l lc
ht hot ng gia cc git cht lu giao ng ko chng
li vi nhau, to ra s ni kt cc git du (Kuznetsov v
Simkin, 1990).
Tt c cc giao ng c hc trong mt mi trng
t nhin u c th chuyn ho thnh nhit thng qua
hiu ng nn - p. Nhit do giao ng to ra s lm tng
nhit mi trng, dn n gim nht ca cht lu.
Mc ma st thu lc gim vng cn ging c
xc nhn trong mt cng trnh nghin cu Lin X trc
y khi p dng sng siu m x l mt ging khai thc
du. Hiu ng tng t cng xy ra vi cc giao ng
tn s thp thng qua vic to ting n ping (ting n
t ngt, cht cha, t on) trong sng tn s thp
c iu bin thnh cc giao ng c tn s cao hn.
Phn sng tn s cao hn ny c hp th trong khu vc
cn ging v iu ny lm tng mc gim ma st thu lc.
Trong lc phn nn (mode) ca sng tn s thp c th
tip tc i su hn vo tng cha gp phn to ra hiu
ng nhit theo c ch va m t.
Kch thch a chn trc tip ti va cha kt hp vi
tc ng ph v thy lc [1]
Cc nghin cu trong phng th nghim c tin
hnh ti Los Alamos National Laboratories. Th nghim
kch thch va cha ti tng ct kt m Elk Hills, qun Kern,
Thit b bm
Cn bm
ng m kn
ng ng du
ng chng
ng khai thc
ng ni c l
Thng pha trn
Pit tng hnh tr pha trn
ng khai thc chuyn
dng
Pit tng hnh tr pha di

Thng pha di
B khuch i
L bn va
Hnh 1. Cng ngh tc ng thy lc
PETROVIETNAM
83 DU KH - S 11/2011
California, bng 2 thit b tc ng
sng a chn y ging cho thy
kt qu sn lng tng t 1.556 thng/
ngy (thng 12/2003) ln 2.212 thng/
ngy vo thng 12/2004. Cc nh th
nghim cng cho bit khi dng thit b
thy lc ci tin to sng a chn
cho tc ng kt hp s tt hn so vi
phng php ph v thy lc thng
thng, tn km nhiu triu USD m
nhiu ni ang tin hnh. Trong lc
phng php ph v thy lc a li
mc ci thin sn lng khai thc 7
ging chung quanh khu vc c ging
th nghim th mt thit b tc ng
thy lc ci tin ASR (Applied Seismic
Research Corp.) a li mc ci thin
sn lng cng nh tng pha du (oil
cut) trong 60 ging. Sn lng du
khai thc tng, pha nc gim khi
dng mt thit b n c th so snh
ngang bng vi tc ng ca mt trn
ng t 5,5 - 7 Richter. Khc bit
duy nht trong php so snh ny l
thi gian ko di ca hiu ng chm
dt khi thit b thi hot ng. Kt qu
nghin cu trong phng th nghim
cho thy ch mt bin ng nh ca
p sut di 0,01psi c th lm tng
thm ca mi trng xp c bo
ha cht lng. Do sng va p c
p sut 3.000 - 3.500psi th u sng
sc gii thot du th v kch thch mt tng cha
du. Hnh 1 trnh by s cng c tc ng thy lc
ASR cng vi thit b cn thit gy sng va p trong
lng ging. Cng c tc ng l 2 my bm ng khai
thc (tubing pumps) chun c thay i cht t, gm 2
thng cha 2 pit tng hnh tr (plungers) ni vi 2 cn
bm (sucker rods) cng nhiu ng ni ca ng khai thc
c ni vi 2 thng ni trn. Nng ng thi cc pit
tng p cht lng cha trong ng khai thc chuyn
dng v ti im nh ca hnh trnh bm (chu k hon
chnh ca pit tng trong my bm) pit tng p ln nh
thng, to ra mt sng va p thy ng lc cc mnh
trong vng t hn 50ms. Sng va p ny chuyn ng
qua cc l c thng v truyn i trong lp cha sn
phm vi tc ln hn 2.778m/s.
Sng p c cng t 2 - 10Mw v p sut ti
u sng vt qu 3.000psi. V sng truyn i trong ng
chng v lp xi mng ch trong vi micro giy nn sng
khng gy thit hi cho cc lp bo v thnh ging hoc
p v . Sng p bin i thnh sng n hi v
truyn i ti khong cch cch thn ging hn 1.852m
theo tt c cc hng. Cng c tc ng c th t trong
ng chng ca mt ging bm p nc, ging khai thc
hoc ging b hy. Trong ging bm p nc, nc
bm p i xung ng khai thc v b y qua ng ni c
l t di packer. Nc lc chy quanh cng c tc
ng trc khi i vo l c thng do vn cho php
cng c tc ng hot ng trong lc vic bm p nc
vn tin hnh. Cn bm hoc ct cn ht lin tc (khng
c on ni) ni pit tng pha nh vi thit b bm.
Hiu ti trng ~ 10.000lb
T
i

t
r
n
g

(
l
b
)
V tr
Thit b pht sng
gn nh ca hnh
trnh phng sng p
vo mi trng
Nn kh hnh trnh i ln
Hnh 2. Ti trng thit b bm
nh bt git
3a
3b
Sng n hi cho git du bm dnh
cc ht khong vt khung tch
khi vch l hng v chuyn ng.
Sng n hi to ra s hp nht cc git
du nh, bt ng hoc mng du bao
quanh cc ht khong vt trong khung
(matrix) thnh git du ln, c ng.
Hnh 3. C ch chuyn v git du
S kt hp cc git du
GII THIU KHOA HC - CNG NGH
84 DU KH - S 11/2011
Thit b c mt hp m kn chun (standard stuf ng
box) t trn ng khai thc ngn nga tht thot cht
lng trong lng ging v c mt thit b khuch i t
y ging tng cng sng va p c phng ra.
phng thit b bm bt ng chm hoc ti gn ti
trng s khng, ASR dng mt h thng gim xc nh
mt b phn ca cng c tc ng.
Hnh 2 trnh by thit b bm chu ti trng c s
khong 6.000lb trn hnh trnh i xung v ti trng tng
dn ti 16.000lb khi hnh trnh i ln ti nh (1pound =
1lb = 0,454kg). Ti thi im cng c tc ng phng
sng va p ra v thit b b gim t ngt trong mt thi
gian v cng ngn 3.000lb di mc ti trng c s, kt
qu ca hin tng ni lng qun tnh. Tuy nhin ti trng
vn cn trn mc s khng v iu sm mun cng
gy ra hng hc thit b bm. Cc hi (harmonics) c
to ra tip theo sng va p c cho lin quan n cc
chu k p - th ct cn bm (ni thanh n di ng trn
mt t vi bm t trong lng ging). Sng p n hi
lm cho du bt ng tr thnh di ng (Hnh 3).
M, trong nhng nm cui ca thin nin k trc
ngi ta xc nh c n 70 - 80% trong s 50 m
trng thnh c nghin cu (vi cha l ct kt,
cacbonat, diatomite; khai thc bng lc y ca nc
m hoc bm p nc) hi iu kin p dng
phng php kch thch bng sng a chn ti va cha.
Hiu qu kinh t ca phng php ny cng cao nu tng
cha c nhng vng khng ngp nc hoc c khu vc
du st (by passed oil) v xc sut gia tng h s khai thc
du cao.
Kch thch bng in t trng [2]
Hin nay c rt nhiu bng sng ch/pht minh v
nhiu gii php dng in cung cp nhit cho tng
cha du c cng b. Cc phng php ny c phn
loi theo c ch ch yu ca hin tng tn nhit trong
qu trnh ng dng. Tn s chi phi cch thc chuyn
nng lng in thnh nhit. Lm nng in mi chim
u th trong lnh vc in tn s cao, n lm cho cc ion
hnh thnh bi cc phn t du c khuynh hng t sp
xp thnh hng tng thch vi in trng. in trng
xoay chiu lm cho cc ion quay vi tc t l vi tn s
dng in. Chuyn ng phn t ny c th c tng
nhanh sinh ra nhit ng k, ging nh hin tng
xy ra trong l vi sng. Mt cch to nhit khc l cho
dng in xoay chiu chy qua cc thanh dn to ra
t trng xoay chiu, t trng ny n lt n li to ra
dng cm ng th cp, t sinh ra nhit. Hot ng un
nng in tr c thc hin trong a s cc c ch khi
dng in xoay chiu tn s thp hoc dng mt chiu
c s dng.
Nng lng u vo cho tng ging ph thuc vo
dng du v vo nhit y ging khai thc. iu ny
c ngha l, i vi nhit ng chng cho th nng
lng u vo cng ln khi sn lng du cng ln bi v
du khai thc c khai dng mnh khi nhit khu vc
chung quanh ging tng.
Trong qu trnh thu hi tng cng bng in trng
ngi ta thng dng dng xoay chiu tn s thp vi
in th 100 - 500V, ph thuc vo in tr ca tng cha.
Vic p dng in t tn s thp (cho dng in i vo
tng cha trc tip) i hi phi c mi trng dn in.
Khi nc va p ng yu cu ny th dng in s chy
theo ch dn ion v iu lu l gi cho nhit
chung quanh ging c cung cp in khng vt qu
im bc hi ca nc. Nu iu ny xy ra th dng in
b ngt v ta phi nng in p ln ti lp dng in.
p dng nh lut Ohm cho mi trng ng nht
ta c cng thc tnh cng sut to nhit trong khong
cch r tnh t tm lng ging ra mi trng chung quanh
nh sau:
P(r) = 2. h.( V e)
2
.ln
2
(r/rw)/ln
3
(re/r)
Trong : P(r): cng sut to nhit;
: dn in ca tng cha;
h: b dy tng cha;
re: bn knh gom dng;
Ve: chnh lch in th gia ging v bn knh gom
dng re (bn knh ny thng c ly bng na khong
cch gia cc ging khai thc);
rw: bn knh ng chng.
Mc tng nhit ti khu vc bao quanh ging
ph thuc vo thng lng dng in t ging ny chy
qua ging khc. Ph thuc vo in tr ca cc lp ,
nng lng s c cung cp ti bt k a im no theo
cng thc Pw = Rx. I
2
, vi Rx l in tr ti khong cch x
tnh t ging v I l cng dng in. Khi thay i s
phn cc ca dng xoay chiu th cc ion s giao ng
cng tn s vi dng in v do lm gim sc cng b
PETROVIETNAM
85 DU KH - S 11/2011
mt - mt hin tng quen bit trong cng ngh ngng
sng bng tnh in.
Vic kch thch ging bng in c th thc hin bng
nhiu cch, ph thuc vo mng li ging c sn. Nng
lng c cung cp t my kim sot dng in c
iu chnh bng thit b thyristor vi mt b thit b phc
hp t iu hnh kim sot dng, in th, cng sut
in cung cp trong tng pha v kim sot nhit ti tng
khai thc. in dn t u ging bng dy cp, thng
chn su di t 30cm bo m an ton. Dy cp ti
ming ging c ni vi cp dn in xung y ging
hoc ni vi cc ng chng bc bo v c h ti
on khai thc hoc bng cch doa ng chng hin c
phn trn on khai thc. Dng in c cung cp hoc
bng dy cp dn in xung y ging ti ng chng
ti on khai thc hoc qua tubing khi dng b nh tm
(centralizer) c bc bo v. Trong bt k cch b tr no th
vn an ton in cng phi t ln hng u, bo m
i vi bt k phn no ca h thng cung cp in. Ti
mi m phi c thit k ring cch sp t, b tr thit
b, c th dng tip cc ging khoan c hoc khoan ging
mi tin hnh cng tc kch thch tng cha.
Trong qu trnh nghin cu ngi ta nhn thy dng
du thu hi tng ngay lp tc khi dng kt hp in
trng v trng sng m hc trc khi hiu ng nhit
c quan st thy. PVJ
Ti liu tham kho
1. Sergey Ostrov, William Wooden, Apr.18, 2005. In situ
seismic stimulation shows promise for revitailizing mature
felds. OGJ.
2. Olav Ellngen, Eureka oil ASA, Norway, Nov, 2002.
EOR by electro-acoustic reservoir stimulation: A new
approach. World oil.
Trn Ngc Ton gii thiu
TIN TC - S KIN
86 DU KH - S 11/2011
S
ng ngy 10/11/2011, on cng tc Tp on
Du kh Vit Nam do TSKH. Phng nh Thc - B
th ng y, Ch tch HTV Tp on Du kh Vit Nam
dn u ch tr cuc hp giao ban ti cng trng Nh
my m C Mau vi Ban QLDA Kh - in - m C Mau,
i din tng thu WEC, t vn PMC, CA v lnh o cc
n v du kh trn a bn tnh C Mau.
Thay mt ch u t, ng ch L Mnh Hng - Trng
Ban QLDA Kh - in - m C Mau bo co vi on cng
tc tnh hnh trin khai d n Nh my m C Mau. Tnh
n ngy 9/11/2011 tin tng th t 97,71% chm
0,028% so vi k hoch. Trong cng tc thit k
hon thnh 100%; mua sm t 99,83% chm 0,07%, tng
cng c 291 l hng c vn chuyn v cng trng,
tr 3 van iu khin ca Metso - Phn Lan; cng tc xy
lp t 98,33% chm 0,18%; chy th t 48,2% vt k
hoch ra Nhim v trng tm t nay n cui nm
2011 phi m bo tin chy th xng to ht v c
sn phm vo ngy 27/11/2011; khi ng nh my v c
sn phm ca nh my vo ngy 31/12/2011; tin thc
hin n cui nm t 99,1% khi lng ton b d n,
trong thit k, mua sm, xy dng hon thnh 100%,
chy th t 70%; tip tc phi hp vi tng thu thc
hin thnh cng giai on chy th v chy nghim thu
nh my.
Ban QLDA cng ngh tng thu tp trung vo tng
mc tin thc hin kim sot, cc phn xng nh
gi hng ngy, hng tun, ng thi c bin php x l
kp thi khi c nguy c nh hng n tin d n,
quyt tm hon thnh 3 mc chnh nh cam kt; c
bin php thay th cc thit b vt t d phng cho chy
th nghim thu; ngh tng thu tng cng huy ng
nhn s c kinh nghim tham gia vo qu trnh chy th
Nh my. Ban QLDA cng kin ngh vi Tp on quan tm
v to iu kin trong cng tc ng vin, khen thng
tp th v c nhn c thnh tch trong qu trnh xy dng
cm d n v ngh Tp on h tr nhn s phi hp
vi Ban QLDA trong qu trnh kim ton kt thc d n.
Sau khi nghe bo co, kin ng gp ca cc bn
lin quan, pht biu kt lun bui lm vic, Ch tch HTV
Tp on Du kh Vit Nam nh gi rt cao s n lc ca
Ban QLDA, ca tng thu cng nh t vn PMC v CA. a
phn cc thit b hin nay qua qu trnh lp t, chy th
iu c nh gi cht lng tt. Tuy nhin thi gian t
nay n khi hon thnh nh my cn rt nhiu ri ro trong
qu trnh chy th, i hi tng thu phi huy ng nhiu
chuyn gia hn na, lm vic khn trng hn na. ng
thi, Tp on yu cu tng thu n lc ti a, lm vic
vi nh ch to, nh cung cp sm a thit b v n
cng trng ng hn 15/12. Trong giai on chy th
phi ch trng n cng tc an ton m bo an ton v
con ngi, thit b v mi trng. V cung cp kh thin
nhin n nh ngh Ban QLDA phi hp vi Cng ty
kh C Mau tm cc gii php nhm cung cp n nh v
s lng, cht lng. ngh tng thu thc hin tt cc
cam kt hon thnh 3 mc tin d n v y cng l
uy tn ca nh thu WEC ni ring v uy tn ca nh thu
Trung Quc ni chung trong vic thc hin d n ti Vit
Nam.
i vi Cng ty m C Mau, Ch tch HTV Tp on
ngh r sot li vn t chc v nhn lc cho qu trnh
vn hnh, tip thu ton b quy trnh vn hnh, quy nh an
ton, t chc o to v hc tp cho cn b cng nhn
vin, ln k hoch nhn kh trong thi gian vn hnh chnh
thc trong nm 2012. Sm k cc hp ng thu chuyn
gia, phi hp vi Nh my m Ph M trong vic ti u
ha vt t, thit b d phng Nh my trong qu trnh vn
hnh, yu cu cc bn cng nhau chung sc chung lng:
Mt d n, mt i ng, mt mc tiu cho d n
thnh cng ng tin . PVJ
Nh my m C Mau:
m bo tin chy th xng to ht v c sn phm vo
27/11/2011
TIN TRONG NGNH
Thi Sn
Lnh o Tp on Du kh Vit Nam thm v lm vic ti Cng
ty Kh C Mau. nh: Thi Sn
PETROVIETNAM
87 DU KH - S 11/2011
N
14/11/2011, ti L k nim 10 nm thnh lp
Tng cng ty CP Khoan v Dch v khoan Du kh
(PV Drilling), Ph Th tng Nguyn Xun Phc trao
tng Hun chng Lao ng hng Nht cho PV Drilling.
Vi tm nhn: Tr thnh mt nh thu khoan v cung
cp dch v k thut khoan du kh c uy tn v tin cy
tm c quc t, PV Drilling v ang n lc phn u
tr thnh nh thu khoan v cung cp dch v k thut
khoan du kh hng u trong khu vc, to ra nhng gi
tr gia tng cho khch hng bng nhng dch v cht
lng cao. Sau 10 nm xy dng v pht trin, PV Drilling
t ho l Ngi Tin Phong ca Ngnh khoan Du kh Vit
Nam, cung cp cc dch v khoan du kh hot ng c
ngoi khi v trong t lin, phc v cho cc d n do
Petrovietnam u t v cc nh u t nc ngoi. Vi h
thng thit b hin i v i ng k s giu kinh nghim,
PV Drilling khng nh nng lc trong cc lnh vc: dch
v khoan du kh, cho thu v vn hnh thit b khoan,
th va, a vt l v xy ng ng dn du, cung cp
ngun nhn lc, bao gm k s on v gim st, lp t,
gim st, thi cng, cung cp thit b v bo hnh bo tr h
thng khoan, x l trn du
Trc , ngy 2/11/2011, ti Vng Tu, PV Drilling
k hp ng cung cp gin khoan t nng PV Drilling II
cho chin dch khoan 2012 - 2013 ca JVPC. Theo , hp
ng chnh thc bt u k t ngy 1/7/2012 sau khi PV
Drilling kt thc chin dch khoan cho PVEP. Cng theo
hp ng, PV Drilling s cung cp dch v cho JVPC ti 6
ging khoan v mt quyn chn ti m Rng ng ngoi
khi Vng Tu. PVJ
V
a qua, Tng cng ty Thm d Khai thc Du kh
(PVEP) t chc L mng s kin khai thc dng
du u tin t gin i Hng 02. M i Hng, thuc l
05.1 (a) nm pha ng Bc bn trng Nam Cn Sn, l
m cn bin, thuc vng nc su xa b, cng ngh khai
thc ngm phc tp, chi ph u t ln v iu kin thi
tit khc nghit.
m nhn trng trch iu hnh d n pht trin m
i Hng giai on 2, vi s quyt tm, tinh thn lao ng
cn c, sng to, dm ngh, dm lm, tp th cn b cng
nhn vin PVEP POC cng cc nh thu khn trng
trin khai cc hng mc cng vic m bo tin , cht
lng v an ton tuyt i. Kt qu, dng du u tin vi
lu lng 6.000 thng/ngy t gin DH-2 c khai
thc, a v h thng x l trung tm v dn v kho cha
ni - tu Kamary, sm hn k hoch c Chnh ph
ph duyt 50 ngy.
Trc , ngy 10/10, dng du kh u tin t m
Chim So, L 12W ngoi khi Vit Nam bt u c
a vo khai thc. S kin ny nh du bc thnh cng
quan trng v thnh qu tt p sau nhng n lc khng
ngng vi tinh thn hp tc cng pht trin ca lin
doanh thc hin d n (gm Premier Oil - Santos - PVEP,
trong Premier Oil l nh iu hnh). Sau khi i vo khai
thc n nh, sn lng nh d kin ca m Chim So t
khong 25.000 thng du v 25 triu m
3
kh/ngy. PVJ
PV Drilling cung cp gin khoan t nng PV Drilling II cho JVPC
Minh Ngc
Ph Th tng Nguyn Xun Phc gn Hun chng Lao ng
hng Nht ln l c truyn thng ca PV Drilling. nh: PVD
Khai thc dng du u tin t gin i Hng 02 sm hn k
hoch 50 ngy
Thu Hng
Ph Th tng Hong Trung Hi v cc i biu thc hin nghi l
vn van a dng du u tin ca m i Hng 02 vo khai thc.
nh: PVEP
TIN TC - S KIN
88 DU KH - S 11/2011
PVI Holdings trao giy chng nhn c phn cho Talanx Group
N
gy 15/11/2011, ti H Ni, di s chng
kin ca Ph Th tng Hong Trung Hi, lnh
o B, Ban, Ngnh Trung ng, Tp on Du kh; PVI
Holdings (tin thn l Tng cng ty C phn Bo him Du
kh Vit Nam - PVI) trao Giy chng nhn c phn ca
PVI Holdings cho i tc chin lc Talanx Group. Cng
ti bui l, Tng cng ty Bo him PVI (PVI Insurance) - do
PVI Holdings s hu 100% vn iu l - k tha thun
hp tc chin lc vi HDI - Gerling. Vi hp tc chin lc
ny, Talanx Group s hp tc cht ch vi PVI Holdings v
cc n v thnh vin y mnh hot ng kinh doanh.
Theo ng Nguyn Anh Tun - Ch tch HQT PVI
Holdings: Vic la chn thnh cng c ng chin lc l
Tanlanx Group c ngha quan trng ti thi im PVI va
hon thnh vic ti cu trc doanh nghip. Quy m vn
ch s hu ca PVI tng trng vt bc t 3.600 t
ng ln gn 6.000 t ng, gp hn 35 ln s vn ca PVI
cch y 5 nm khi bt u thc hin c phn ha. Cng
vi vic Tp on Talanx tr thnh c ng chin lc ca
PVI Holdings, Bo him PVI chnh thc tr thnh mt
mt xch quan trng trong chui cung cp dch v ton
cu ca Tp on Talanx, ng thi nhn c cam kt
h tr k thut v chuyn giao kinh nghim t Tp on
Talanx trong vic xy dng mt i ng chuyn gia bo
him chuyn nghip tm c quc t. Vi s ng h ca
cc c ng, c bit l cc c ng ln: Petrovietnam,
Talanx, Qu u t Oman, PVI s tip tc hon thin m
hnh pht trin ca PVI Insurance, PVI Re v thc hin k
hoch thnh lp cng ty bo him nhn th PVI Life. PVI
s tip tc xy dng h thng qun tr doanh nghip theo
cc chun mc quc t, nng cao xp hng tn nghim
ti chnh quc t, nng cao hiu qu u t, cht lng
dch v, quyt tm a thng hiu ca PVI ngy cng ta
sng hn na trn th trng khu vc v th gii .
ng Jens Wohlthat, i din lnh o HDI-Gerling,
cho bit: Tp on Talanx cam kt s chuyn giao k
thut v kinh nghim trn tt c cc lnh vc hot ng
m PVI v ang tham gia, c bit l trong lnh vc ti
bo him, bo him phi nhn th cng nh k hoch m
rng phm vi hot ng vn ra khi lnh th Vit Nam.
S hp tc v h tr ny t pha HDI-Gerling nhm mang
li nhng li ch u t cao nht cho cc c ng, khng
ch phng din c tc m cn l s tng trng bn
vng, lu di ca PVI Holdings.
Ti bui l, Ph Th tng Hong Trung Hi nh gi
cao s hp tc gia PVI Holdings v Talanx Group. Ph Th
tng mong rng PVI Holdings cng i tc chin lc s
pht trin th trng ti chnh, bo him trong nc, m
rng ra th trng th gii, t c mc tiu ci cch
doanh nghip Nh nc mt cch thnh cng. PVJ
PVI Holdings trao giy chng nhn c phn cho Talanx Groups
ng Nguyn Hoi Giang - Tng gim c Cng ty

TNHH MTV Lc ha du Bnh Sn (BSR) cho bit:
T u nm n 16/11/2011, Nh my Lc du Dung Qut
nhp trn 60 chuyn du th, trong c 8 chuyn nhp t
cc nc Indonesia, Brunei v Malaysia vi tng khi lng
5,2 triu tn. Nh my sn xut 4,6 triu tn sn phm
xng du cc loi, xut bn 4,5 triu tn. Ch trong 10 thng
u nm, Nh my t tng doanh thu 91.000 t ng, t
112% k hoch nm 2011. y l nm th 2 Cng ty TNHH
MTV Lc ha du Bnh Sn hon thnh k hoch Tp on
Du kh Vit Nam giao trc thi hn 2 thng.
ng Nguyn Hoi Giang cho bit thm: Sau gn 2
thng k t khi Nh my hon thnh t bo dng tng
th ln u (t gia thng 7 n gia thng 9 va qua),
n nay Nh my Lc du Dung Qut lun vn hnh n
nh 100% cng sut thit k, cc sn phm u t
cht lng n nh. Vic Nh my vn hnh 100% cng
sut sm hn k hoch ban u 2 ngy gp phn tng
doanh thu ca Nh my ln 2 triu USD v gim gnh
nng cho cc doanh nghip kinh doanh xng du trong
nc v ngoi t v chi ph vn chuyn khi phi nhp khu
xng du t nc ngoi. PVJ
NMLD Dung Qut hon thnh k hoch doanh thu trc 2 thng
Minh S
Khnh Hoi
PETROVIETNAM
89 DU KH - S 11/2011
S
ng ngy 6/11/2011, Cng ty Cng nghip Tu
thy Dung Qut (DQS) h thy tu ch du
th 104.000 DWT mang tn PVT Mercury. Tu c chiu
di 245m, rng 43m, cao 20m, mn nc 11,7m, vn tc
14,7 hi l/gi, c c quan ng kim quc t VR, ABS
cng nhn t tiu chun quc t. D kin, sau khi h
thy, i ng k s, cng nhn ca DQS s gp rt thi
cng hon thin nhng hng mc cn li bn giao
tu cho ch u t l Tng cng ty CP Vn ti Du kh
Vit Nam (PV Trans).
Ph Tng gim c Tp on Du kh Vit Nam V
Quang Nam nh gi cao nng lc lm vic ca i ng
k s, cng nhn DQS hon thin tu 104.000 DWT.
Ph Tng gim c Tp on yu cu i ng cn b cng
nhn vin DQS n lc hn na hon thnh nhng hng
mc cn li ca tu 104.000 DWT sm bn giao cho
ch tu PV Trans. Trong tng lai DQS s lin kt, hc hi
kinh nghim ca cc i tc nc ngoi nh Hn Quc,
Nht Bn m rng quy m Nh my, c th ng mi
nhng con tu ln n 300.000 DWT.
T u nm n nay, DQS cng tp trung lc
lng sa cha hon thnh v bn giao nhiu sn phm
chnh nh: VSP-05, Ba V, Eagle, Sao Mai 01, Sao Mai 02,
Sao Mai 03 v gia cng mt s sn phm khc Ngoi
vic tp trung hon thin tu 104.000 tn v tip tc
ng mi tu 105.000 tn, t nay n cui nm 2011,
DQS tp trung tip nhn, sa cha, hon ci cc tu
Trng Sa, Hong Sa, Cn Sn; chun b trin khai ng
mi tu dch v cho Vietsovpetro v tu 56.000 tn cho
Nht Bn; no vt thng lung cng; hon thnh 50%
khi lng vic thi cng nh iu hnh, nh n cho cn
b cng nhn vin PVJ
N
gy 4/11/2011, ti Vng Tu, Cng ty iu
hnh Du kh Bin ng (Bin ng POC)
v Cng ty Tu Dch v Du kh (PTSC Marine) t
chc L k kt hp ng cung cp tu dch v. Theo
ni dung hp ng, PTSC Marine s cung cp 2 tu
dch v PTSC Thi Bnh (8.080 BHP) v PTSC H Long
(12.240 BHP) phc v cng tc khoan cho Bin ng
POC ti l 05.2, 05.3 trong thi gian 5 nm bt u t
thng 11/2011; cung cp 2 tu bo v cho Bin ng
POC trong thi gian t thng 11/2011 n ht nm
2012. Tng gi tr cc hp ng l hn 75 triu USD.
Thanh Vn
PVFCCo cung ng 200.000 tn phn bn cho v
ng Xun
Tng cng ty Phn bn Ha cht Du kh
(PVFCCo) trin khai nhp khu khong 130.000
tn urea trong 10 thng u nm 2011 v d kin
trong 2 thng cui nm s nhp khu thm khong
50.000 tn urea v phn bn cc loi b sung
ngun hng cho th trng. Lng m Ph M do
Tng Cng ty sn xut dnh phc v cho v ng
Xun 2011 - 2012 l khong150.000 tn. Tng cng
ngun phn m ca Tng Cng ty cung ng cho v
ng Xun l khong gn 200.000 tn. PVJ
Thu Thy
N
gy 1/11/2011, t chc xp
hng quc t A.M. Best
chnh thc cng b kt qu xp hng
nng lc ti chnh ca Tng cng ty
Bo him PVI (PVI Insurance) mc B+
(tt) v nng lc ca t chc pht
hnh mc bbb- (
nng lc). Trin vng
nng hng ca c hai
ch s u c nh
gi l n nh. Kt qu
nh gi phn nh s
ghi nhn ca A.M. Best
i vi cam kt h tr
ti chnh ca PVI
Holdings nhm ci
thin nng lc vn ha
da trn ri ro ca Bo
him PVI; cam kt h
tr k thut t nh u
t chin lc ca PVI Holdings, kt qu
hot ng kinh doanh v v th vng
chc ca bo him PVI trn th trng
bo him phi nhn th Vit Nam. PVJ
H thy tu ch du th PVT Mercury 104.000 DWT
Minh Ton
Tu ch du th 104.000 DWT mang tn PVT Mercury c h
thy thnh cng. nh: DQS
PTSC cung cp tu dch v cho Bin ng POC
A.M. Best xp hng nng lc ti chnh B+ cho PVI Insurance
an Hoi
ng Trng Quc Lm - Tng gim c PVI Insurance cng b
kt qu xp hng tn nhim ca t chc A.M.Best dnh cho Bo
him PVI. nh: CTV
TIN TC - S KIN
90 DU KH - S 11/2011
T
rong bo co Tnh hnh nng lng th gii nm
2011 va cng b, C quan Nng lng quc t
(IEA) nhn nh, trong vi thp k ti, Nga s l nn tng
ca h thng nng lng ton cu. Cc chuyn gia d
on, trong tng lai gn, gi du m c th tng n 150
USD/thng, cn M s nhng li danh hiu l nh nhp
khu du m ln nht trc tin cho Lin minh chu u
(EU) v sau cho Trung Quc.
Cng theo bo co, EU s vt qua M v nhp khu
du m, v sau ti nm 2020 - Trung Quc s l quc
gia nhp khu du m ln nht th gii. Theo d bo,
trong nhng nm ti, nhp khu du m M gim ng
k do cc tiu chun hiu sut nng lng mi cho xe
hi v xe ti, cng nh sn xut du m v kh t nhin
trong nc M, tng ln.
Cc tc gi ca bo co khng nh: Nhu cu ngy
cng tng trong lnh vc giao thng vn ti v nhng
khon chi ph khai thc cc m nguyn liu ngy cng
tng ln xc nhn k nguyn du gi r sp kt thc. H
d on, ti nm 2035, gi mt thng du th s l 120
USD (tnh theo t gi ca nm 2010). Hn na, ti nm
2015, vic gim mt phn ba u t vo lnh vc khai thc
cc m v nguyn liu Trung ng v Bc Phi s y gi
du ln ti 150 USD/ thng.
Cc nh phn tch l gii tnh hnh cng thng ang
tm thi suy yu trn th trng l do kinh t tng trng
chm li v ngi ta ang ch i s tr li ca du m
Libya. Tuy nhin, cc xu hng di hn ang xc nh
nhu cu nng lng cao Trung Quc v n , cng
nh Indonesia, Brazil, cc nc Trung ng. Chng hn,
nm 2035, nhu cu tiu th nng lng ca Trung Quc
s cao hn cc ch tiu ca M gn 70%. ng thi s
gia tng nhu cu v du m din ra trong ngnh giao
thng vn ti ca cc nc c nn kinh t ang pht
trin nhanh chng.
Bo co lu rng s gia tng mnh nht vic
khai thc du m s din ra Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Brazil,
Kazakhstan, Canada. Trung ng v Bc Phi s bo m
hn 90% s gia tng khai thc du m trn th gii.
V kh t thin nhin, IEA ch ra rng nm 2035, Nga
s l quc gia sn xut kh t ln nht v l ngun chnh
cho s gia tng cung cp kh t ca th gii. Khi d on
k nguyn vng ca kh t, bn bo co cng nh gi
rt lc quan trin vng ca than trong vic p ng nhu
cu ca th gii v nng lng. Hin nay Trung Quc tiu
th mt na s than c khai thc trn th gii. Vo
nhng nm 2020, n s tr thnh nh nhp khu than
ln nht th gii.
Cc tc gi ca bn bo co gi Nga l nn tng ca
h thng nng lng th gii trong nhng thp k ti.
Tuy nhin, theo cc nh phn tch, cc nhn t trn, cng
nh nhu cu ln v gi nng lng thun li, tuyt nhin
khng bo m cho Nga nhng trin vng thun li, bi
v cc m du v kh t ch yu Ty Serbia ang cn
kit v tng lai l cc m kh khai thc.
IEA cho rng vo nm 2035, Nga s khai thc 9,7 triu
thng du m mi ngy v ti thi im ny, khai thc kh
t s tng 35%. ng thi, nh trc y, ch yu Nga s
tip tc xut khu nng lng sang cc th trng truyn
thng chu u, mc d th phn chu tng ln.
IEA: Nga s l nn tng ca h thng nng lng ton cu trong
vi thp k ti
TIN TH GII
H Phong (theo TTXVN)
PETROVIETNAM
91 DU KH - S 11/2011
R
epsol cho bit pht hin c tr lng
khong 927 triu thng du v kh t c th khai
thc, trong c 741 triu thng du phin. Vic cng
ty Repsol ca Ty Ban Nha pht hin mt m du c tr
lng ln Argentina thc y kh nng Argentina
u t vo nng lng, thm ch nc ny cn c th thu
ht vn u t khai thc du phin.
Repsol YPF s hu quyn khai thc du m i vi
12.000km
2
bn a Vaca Muerta, thuc tnh Neuquen
Bc Patagonia v ging nh cc cng ty du m khc,
Repsol mi ch bt u thm d khu vc ny. Repsol pht
hin ra tr lng trn khi thm d mt khu vc ch rng
428km
2
c bit n vi tn gi Loma La Lata Norte.
Cng ty hin c k hoch m rng khoan thm d khu
vc ln cn c cng din tch cho thy nhng tim nng
tng t.
Cu B trng Nng lng Argentina Jorge Lapena
cho rng tuyn b trn l ng ch nhng tr lng vn
cha c kim chng v cn tin hnh nhng nghin
cu kh thi v kinh t v tc ng mi trng. ng Lapena
ni: Pht hin trn, nu c kim chng, c th chim
khong 40% tr lng du ca Argentina.
Mc d tr lng mi c pht hin l nh so vi
nhng pht hin v tr lng du bin su gn y
khong 55 t thng ca Brazil v so vi tr lng du
296,5 t thng ca Venezuela, nc xut khu du m ln
nht Nam M, nhng i vi Argentina, pht hin trn c
th lm gia tng sn lng du m trong khi cc khu vc
khc vn c thm d.
Ngi pht ngn Kristian Rix ca Repsol Madrid ni
rng v 15 ging du c khoan v h ang sn xut
5.000 thng du phin/ngy, nn vic khai thc khu
vc mi pht hin trn l khng phc tp i vi h. Song,
mt s nh mi trng quan ngi rng vic pht trin du
nh vy Argentina s gy sc p n ngun nc sch
v c th lm nhim cc ngun nc.
Repsol YPF SA t tr s Ty Ban Nha nhng hot
ng hn 30 quc gia. Tr lng du Argentina hin
chim ti 2/3 (tng t mc 1/2 trc ) trong s tr lng
3 t thng du m cng ty ny c th khai thc.
Repsol pht hin m du tr lng ln Argentina
Hi Yn (theo AP)
C
hnh ph M va xut k hoch mi v khai
thc du kh trn vnh Mexico v ngoi khi bang
Alaska, bao gm c vng Bc cc, vn gy quan ngi v
vn mi trng, trong giai on 2012 - 2017.
Theo B trng Ni v Ken Salazar, k hoch trn nm
trong s ch o ca Tng thng Barack Obama v vic
tip tc m rng hot ng khai thc du kh mt cch an
ton v c trch nhim. B Ni v s tip nhn kin ca
ngi dn v k hoch trn cho n ngy 9/1/2012 v
trnh k hoch cui cng ln Quc hi v Nh Trng.
K t sau v n gin khoan du Deepwater Horizon
ca Tp on BP vo thng 4/2010 gy trn du trn vnh
Mexico, Chnh ph M thn trng hn trong cc d n
mi v thm d v khai thc du kh ngoi khi. Theo k
hoch mi, vic khai thc du kh ti Bc cc s c tin
hnh mun c thi gian nghin cu k lng nhng
tc ng i vi mi trng cng nh cuc sng ca
ngi dn, v ln k hoch cho vic ngn chn v x l
trong trng hp xy ra s c trn du.
K hoch mi c s iu chnh so vi k hoch
c cng b vo thng 3/2010, nhiu tun trc khi xy
ra v trn du trn vnh Mexico. Theo k hoch c, cc khu
vc ngoi khi bang Virginia cng c cho php khai
thc v hot ng khai thc khu vc ngoi khi bang
Florida c m rng. Trong khi , k hoch mi cm
vic khoan du ti cc khu vc ny cho n nm 2017.
Cc ngh s ng Cng ha v cc cng ty du m
hoan nghnh k hoch mi, song ku gi y mnh hot
ng khai thc hn na p ng nhu cu trong nc
ang gia tng, to vic lm v gim thm ht ngn sch.
Chnh ph M xut k hoch mi v khai thc du kh
L Minh (theo AFP)
92 DU KH - S 11/2011
TIN TH TRNG DU KH
Phn tch d bo th trng
mt s sn phm du kh
I. Du th
1. Din bin th trng
Trong thng 10/2011, gi cc loi du th tng (Hnh
1), trong gi du th Brent tng 4% v gi du Dubai
tng 8% so vi thng 9/2011, nguyn nhn do:
Hi ngh thng nh EU ng tng Qu n nh Ti
chnh chu u (EFSF) thm 1.000 t euro nhm gii quyt
cc vn lin quan n cng n cc nc chu u.Tnh
hnh kinh t M c ci thin, s lng vic lm ca M
thng 9/2011 trong khu vc phi nng nghip tng thm
khong 103.000, cao hn d bo khong 60.000 lm xoa
du lo ngi kh nng xy ra suy thoi mi. Bn cnh ,
nhng cam kt ca Cc D tr lin bang M (FED) v vic
s a ra nhng bin php nhm tr gip nn kinh t M
cng tc ng lm tng gi du.
Sn lng khai thc ca OPEC c nhn nh s
khng tng thm trong giai on t nay cho ti cui
nm 2011. Xut khu ng bin ca OPEC trong 4
tun tnh n ngy 22/10 gim khong 20.000 thng/
ngy xung cn 22,72 triu thng/ngy so vi mc 22,74
triu thng/ngy bn tun trc . Theo bo co ca
Tp on ENI, cc c s khai
thc du kh ti Libya b tn
ph nng n bi chin tranh
s kh c th phc hi ngay
trong nm 2011.
2. Phn tch d bo ca cc t
chc quc t
Wood Mackenzie (WM)
d bo gi du th Brent
s t khong 110,8 USD/
thng, gim khong 4,5 USD/
thng xung khong 106,25
USD/thng nm 2012 v t
khong 104,75 USD/thng
nm 2013. D bo gi du WTI
v Dubai cng c xu hng
gim tng t nh Bre nt. WM
d bo gi du WTI v Dubai
ln lt t khong 91,25 v
101,00 USD/thng cho mi
loi du.
EIA d bo gi du WTI
t khong 92,9 USD/thng
cho nm 2011 v gim 4,9
USD/thng (5,3%) xung
khong 88,00 USD/thng
nm 2012.
- D bo chnh lch gi
WTI - Brent:
Hnh 1. Din bin gi mt s loi du th th gii thng 10/2011
Hnh 2. D bo gi du th th gii giai on 2011 - 2012
PETROVIETNAM
93 DU KH - S 11/2011
Chnh lch gi WTI v Brent l tng i ln, khong
26,5 USD/thng trong thng 9/2011. Tuy nhin theo d
bo ca WM khong cch ny s dn thu hp trong nm
2011 do premium yu hn mc tng gi WTI. WM cng
gi nh rng vic khai thc ti bin Bc s thun li hn
v iu ny s lm gim p lc tng gi. Ngoi ra, ngun
cung ca Libya dn phc hi cng l nhn t tc ng ti
vic gim chnh lch.
Mt khc, WM cho rng cc nh my lc du s dng
du ngt c th ct gim hoc tm thi bo dng do
li nhun gim st dn ti kh nng gi du suy gim.
Nhu cu du t nhng nh my s dng du ngt gim
l mt trong nhng nhn t quan trng lm gim p lc
vi premium Brent v gp phn gim khong cch gia
Brent v WTI.
Nm 2012, vi vic ngun cung du th Libya phc hi
v tng tr li s lm gim chnh lch gia 2 loi du trn
xung khong 15 USD/thng, khong gi ny s thu hp
hn na trong nm 2013 ch cn khong 11 USD/thng.
- Chnh lch Brent - Dubai:
Khong cch gia Brent - Dubai tip tc duy tr mc
cao do nhng vn khai thc ti bin Bc, gin on
ngun cung Ty Phi v thiu ht ngun cung du ngt
Libya.
WM d bo chnh lch gia Brent - Dubai s dn thu
hp trong giai on 2011 - 2012 do ngun cung du ngt
tng. Tuy nhin bin l khng nhiu do ngun cung
du ngt Libya tng ln s phi b p mt phn cho
lng du Azeri suy gim.
Nguyn nhn dn ti xu hng gi du nh d bo
l do:
+ Nn kinh t th gii d bo tip tc khng n nh
do nh hng bi tnh hnh kinh t M v khu vc chu u
kh m m. WM d bo GDP th gii s ch t khong
2,6% trong nm 2011, thp hn nhiu so vi mc tng
4,3% t c nm 2010 ch yu do kinh t M v chu
u chm trong khng hong.
+ Nhu cu du th tng thp, ngun cung du th n
nh tr li sau khi khng hong ti Libya bt u i vo
n nh, c th l :
Nhu cu
WM d bo nhu cu du th th gii s tng khong
1,4% (tng ng khong 1,1 triu thng/ngy) trong
nm 2011 v khong 1,6% (tng ng khong 1,4 triu
thng/ngy) trong nm 2012. EIA cng d bo nhu cu s
tng tuy nhin vi c tnh nhu cu thp hn WM (Hnh 3).
Ngun cung
- Ngun cung ngoi OPEC:
WM d bo tng khong 230.000 thng/ngy t mc
48,22 triu thng/ngy nm 2010 ln mc 48,45 triu
thng/ngy nm 2011 v d bo t khong 49,85 triu
thng/ngy nm 2013, tng khong 1,4 triu thng/ngy.
Nm 2013, cc quc gia ng gp vo mc tng sn lng
kh ln nh d bo ch yu l t cc nc khu vc chu
M v Lin X c. Trong khi , EIA d bo ngu n cung
ngoi OPEC s tng khong 0,49 tri u thng/ngy trong
nm 2011 v khong 0,85 triu thng/ngy nm 2012.
Hnh 3. D bo nhu cu du th th gii giai on 2011 - 2012
94 DU KH - S 11/2011
TIN TH TRNG DU KH
Hnh 4. D bo ngun cung du th ngoi OPEC giai on 2011 - 2012
Hnh 5. D bo ngun cung du th OPEC giai on 2011 - 2012
- Ngun cung OPEC:
Nm 2012, WM d bo ngun cung du th khi
OPEC t khong 30,7 triu thng/ngy, tng khong
870.000 thng/ngy so vi nm 2011 vi sn lng tng
ln ch yu t Iraq v Libya. EIA tip t c nhn nh ngu n
cung Libya s ph c hi mc sn lng trc chin tranh
vo giai o n 6 thng cui nm 2012.
II. Kh thin nhin
1. Din bin th trng M
Trn th trng M, trong tun u ca thng 10 gi
kh giao ngay tip tc xu hng gim ca thng 9. Trong
cc tun tip theo, gi kh giao ngay tng tr li sau
tip tc gim nh trong tun cui ca thng 10. Gi Henry
Hub giao dch trung bnh mc 3,56 USD/triu Btu.
Trong tun u ca thng 10, gi kh thin nhin giao
ngay gim trung bnh 0,23 USD/triu Btu l do nn nhit
mt m tip tc c duy tr, ko theo l nhu cu s
dng in gim. Gi kh Henry Hub gim 17 cents xung
3,40 USD/triu Btu ngy 07/10; trn th trng NYMEX, gi
cc hp ng giao thng 11/2011 gim xung mc 3,481
USD/triu Btu. Trong 2 tun tip theo, gi Henry Hub, New
York Citygate v Chicago Citygate ln lt tng ln mc
3,72 USD/triu Btu, 3,96 USD/triu Btu v 3,81 USD/triu
Btu ngy 17/10 sau bt u gim nh vo cui tun.
Tuy nhin, sang tun cui thng 10, gi kh giao ngay bt
u tng tr li v t nh mc hn 4,00 USD/triu Btu
(New York v Chicago) v 3,66 USD/triu Btu (Henry Hub)
trc khi ng lot gim gn 0,5 USD/triu Btu vo cui
tun (Hnh 6).
Trn th trng NYMEX, gi kh thin nhin giao thng
PETROVIETNAM
95 DU KH - S 11/2011
11 v thng 12 bin ng cng chiu vi gi kh giao ngay.
Trong thng, gi kh giao thng 11 v 12 ln lt t nh
mc 3,703 USD/triu Btu v 3,960 USD/triu Btu vo
ngy 14/10. Trong tun cui, gi cc hp ng giao sau
trong ma ng nm nay (11/2011 - 3/2012) tng tr li
trc khi gim nh xung mc di mc 3,80 USD/triu
Btu (Hnh 7).
Lng d tr kh thin nhin cui thng 10 c tnh
khong 3,8Tcf. EIA d bo mc d tr s vo khong 1,8Tcf
vo cui thng 3/2012 - khi ma ng kt thc. iu ny
cho thy mc tiu th kh trong ma
ng sp ti vo khong 2Tcf - so vi
mc 2,3Tcf hi nm ngoi (Hnh 8).
2. D bo th trng
So vi bo co thng trc, EIA
tip tc h d bo gi kh Henry Hub
trong nm 2011 xung mc 4,09
USD/triu Btu v 4,13 USD/triu Btu
trong nm 2012 (Hnh 9).
III. LNG
1. Din bin th trng
Theo nhn nh ca LNG Argus
v gi c LNG giao ngay t 14/11
n ht ngy 19/12 cho thy gi
ca mt hng ny nhn chung s st
gim, ngoi tr gi LNG giao ngay
theo hnh thc FOB - giao ln tu -
ti Trung ng (gii hn trong chu
u). C th, gi LNG giao ngay ti
th trng ng dao ng trong
khong t USD 17,5/triu BTU n
USD 18,25/triu BTU. Trong khi , gi
LNG giao ngay theo hnh thc FOB
ti c v Trung ng (gii hn trong
chu - TBD), DES ti n , Trung
Quc u bt u mc gi cao hn
khi nhn nh ca Argus Daily c
a ra vo u thng 10, tuy nhin
(tnh n ht ngy 26/10), cc con s
ny u gim nh (gi ti Trung Quc
gim 45 cent, n gim 50 cent, c
v Trung ng gim khong 25 cent).
Duy nht ch c gi LNG giao ngay
theo hnh thc FOB - giao ln tu - ti
Trung ng (gii hn trong chu u)
chng kin mc tng nh khong 56
cent/triu BTU.
Nhng nhn t c th nh hng
ti gi c LNG bao gm:
Cu LNG trong ma ng s
Hnh 7. Gi kh thin nhin giao thng 11 v thng 12 trn th trng NYMEX
Hnh 6. Gi kh ng ng vn chuyn ti ca thnh ph
Hnh 8. D tr kh thin nhin ca M
96 DU KH - S 11/2011
TIN TH TRNG DU KH
thc y giao thng trong thng 12. Trong cu LNG
giao ngay ca Nht Bn c d bo s tng mnh trong
nhng tun ti do Chnh ph nc ny cha c ng thi
g nhm ti khi ng cc l phn ng ht nhn b
ng ca trong ma ng ny. D bo cc khch hng t
Trung Quc s mua vi s lng ln v h ang tm kim
thm hp ng;
Cng ty du m ln nht ca Argentina, YPF, ln
k hoch xy dng cng LNG th ba p ng nhu cu
nhp khu LNG tng rt mnh.
CNOOC hon thnh ng ng t Dapeng di
34,8km vi cng sut vn chuyn 1,5 triu m
3
gas/nm
ni gia cng Dapeng ca h ti nh my in Huizhou
Fengda min ng tnh Guangdong. Cng trnh ny
c xy dng t nm ngoi v va mi hon thnh trong
thng 9 va qua.
Quatar cam kt xut khu n nh du th v LNG
cho Nht Bn. Tnh ring t thng 4 - 8/2011 sau ng t
v sng thn, xut khu LNG t Quatar sang
Nht Bn tng ti 55%.
Kenya d nh nhp khu LNG nhm
p ng nhu cu v in ngy cng tng
quc gia ny. Ngun cung LNG cho Kenya
d kin s ti t vnh Trung ng v chu
Phi. Hin Abu Dhabi l nh cung cp du th
chnh cho nh my ch bin du cng sut
70,000 b/ngy Mombasa.
Total cho bit trong 5 nm ti, h s
u t thm 10 t USD vo 2 d n lin doanh
LNG ti c, l Gladstone LNG cng sut 7,8
triu tn/nm Queensland v Ichthys cng
sut 8,4 triu tn/nm ti Ty c.
Kogas mua thm LNG giao ngay
t Quatar. C th, Kogas d nh mua 10
chuyn LNG giao ngay trong qu 1/2012 v
sau s a ra quyt nh nhp khu LNG
cho nm ti chnh 4/2012 - 3/2013.
SK Holdings d nh mua LNG giao ngay
trong nm 2012. Nm 2012, SK cn nhp khu
7 triu tn LNG trong 5 triu tn n t cc
hp ng di hn, s cn li s c mua di
hnh thc giao ngay ngn hn.
2. D bo th trng LNG
Woodside Petroleum d bo cu LNG
ca chu s t mc 240 triu tn/nm
vo nm 2020. Ti Din n kinh doanh lin
bang c t chc ti Perth ngy 26/10 va qua, Tng
gim c ca Woodside Peter Colman cho bit, cu LNG
ca chu s t mc 240 triu tn/nm vo cui nm
2020, vi cu LNG t Trung Quc v n s tng gp 6
ln so vi hin nay. Nm 2010, cu LNG ca th gii nm
mc 220 triu tn/nm, trong chu chim 55% (133
triu tn/nm); t l ny vo nm 2020 s tng ln ti 68%
(cu LNG th gii vo thi im d bo nm mc 353
triu tn/nm). Colman cng cho bit, d bo ca
Woodside cho thy Australia c th xut khu c 125
triu tn LNG/nm nu tt c cc d n ang trong giai
on nghin cu kh thi v ang xy dng din ra theo
ng k hoch. PVJ
Tin Quyt, Thanh Hoa
Hong Linh, V Thng
Hnh 10. Din bin gi LNG giao ngay
Hnh 9. D bo gi kh thin nhin trong nm 2012

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