Harolds Parent Functions Cheat Sheet

23 April 2013

Function Name
Algebra

Parent Function

Graph

Characteristics
Domain: (-, ) Range: c Inverse Function: Undefined (asymptote) Restrictions: c is a real number Odd/Even: Even General Form: + = 0 Domain: (-, ) Range: (-, ) Inverse Function: () = Restrictions: m 0 Odd/Even: Odd General Forms: + + = 0 = + 0 = ( 0 ) Domain: (-, ) Range: [0, ) Inverse Function: () = Restrictions: None Odd/Even: Even General Form: 2 + + + = 0 Domain: [0, ) Range: [0, ) Inverse Function: () = x 2 Restrictions: 0 Odd/Even: Neither General Form: () = ( + ) +

Constant

() =

Linear or Identity

() =

Quadratic or Square

() = 2

Square Root

() =

Copyright 2011-2013 by Harold Toomey, WyzAnt Tutor

Function Name

Parent Function

Graph

Characteristics
Domain: (-, ) Range: [0, ) Inverse Function: () = 0 Restrictions: , 0 () = { , < 0 Odd/Even: Even General Form: () = |( + )| + Domain: (-, ) Range: (-, ) Inverse Function: () = 3 Restrictions: None Odd/Even: Odd General Form: () = ( ( + ))3 + Domain: (-, ) Range: (-, ) Inverse Function: () = 3 Restrictions: None Odd/Even: Odd General Form: () = 3 ( + ) + Domain: (-, ) Range: (0, ) Inverse Function: () = log () = ln Restrictions: None, x can be imaginary Odd/Even: Neither General Form: () = 10((+)) + Domain: (0, ) Range: (-, ) Inverse Function: () = 10 () = Restrictions: x 0 Odd/Even: Neither General Form: () = log (( + )) + 2

Absolute Value

() = ||

Cubic

() = 3

Cube Root

() = 3

Exponential

() = 10 () =

Logarithmic

() = log () = ln

Copyright 2011-2013 by Harold A. Toomey, WyzAnt Tutor

Function Name

Parent Function

Graph

Characteristics
Domain: (, 0) (0, -) Range: (, 0) (0, -) Inverse Function:

Reciprocal or Rational

1 () =

() = Restrictions: x 0 Odd/Even: Odd General Form: () = [

] + ( + )

Greatest Integer or Floor

() = []

Domain: (-, ) Range: (-, ) whole numbers only Inverse Function: Undefined (asymptotic) Restrictions: Real Numbers only Odd/Even: Neither General Form: () = [( + )] +

Inverse Functions

() = , 1 ( ) = 1 ( ()) =

General Form: () = ( ( + )) +

The Six Function Levers 1) Move up/down 2) Move left/right 3) Stretch up/down 4) Stretch left/right 5) Flip about x-axis 6) Flip about y-axis

Name Vertical Shift Horizontal Shift Amplitude Phase Vertical Flip Horizontal Flip

= ( ( + )) +
d c a b a a b b

Graphing Tips + Moves it up - Moves it right Larger stretches it taller or grow faster Larger stretches it wider f(x) f(x) If f(x) = f(-x) then odd function f(x) f(-x) If f(x) = f(-x) then even function

Copyright 2011-2013 by Harold A. Toomey, WyzAnt Tutor

Function Name
Conic Sections

Parent Function

Graph

Characteristics

Circle

2 + 2 = 2

Ellipse

2 2 + =1 2 2

Parabola

= 2

Domain: (-, ) Range: (-, ) Inverse Function: Same as Parent Restrictions: None Odd/Even: Both Focus: = (, ) General Forms: ( )2 + ( )2 = 2 2 + + 2 + + + = 0 = = 0 Domain: (-, ) Range: (-, ) Inverse Function: Same as Parent Restrictions: None Odd/Even: Both Foci : 2 = 2 2 General Forms: ( )2 ( )2 + =1 2 2 2 2 + + + + + = 0 where 2 4 < 0 Domain: (-, ) Range: (-, ) Inverse Function: () = Restrictions: None Odd/Even: Even Foci: = (0, ) General Forms: ( )2 = 4( ) 2 + + 2 + + + = 0 where 2 4 = 0 Domain: (, -a] [a, -) Range: (-, ) Inverse Function: 2 2 =1 2 2 Restrictions: Domain is restricted Odd/Even: Both Foci: 2 = 2 + 2 General Forms: ( )2 ( )2 =1 2 2 2 + + 2 + + + = 0 where 2 4 > 0 4

Hyperbola

2 2 =1 2 2

Copyright 2011-2013 by Harold A. Toomey, WyzAnt Tutor

Function Name
Trigonometry

Parent Function

Graph

Characteristics
Domain: (-, ) Range: [-1, 1] Inverse Function: = 1 Restrictions: None Odd/Even: Odd General Form: () = (( )) + Domain: (-, ) Range: [-1, 1] Inverse Function: = 1 Restrictions: None Odd/Even: Even General Form: () = (( )) + Domain: (-, ) except for x = 2 Range: (-, ) Inverse Function: = 1 Restrictions: Assymptotes at x = 2 Odd/Even: Odd General Form: () = (( )) + Domain: (-, ) except for = 2 Range: (-, -1] [1, ) Inverse Function: = 1 Restrictions: Range is bounded Odd/Even: Even General Form: () = (( )) + Domain: (-, ) except for = 2 Range: (-, -1] [1, ) Inverse Function: = 1 Restrictions: Range is bounded Odd/Even: Odd General Form: () = (( )) +

Sine

() =

Cosine

() =

() = Tangent =

() = sec Secant = 1

() = Cosecant = 1

Copyright 2011-2013 by Harold A. Toomey, WyzAnt Tutor

Function Name

Parent Function
() =

Graph

Characteristics
Domain: (-, ) except for = Range: (-, ) Inverse Function: = 1 Restrictions: Assymptotes at x = 2 Odd/Even: Odd General Form: () = (( )) + Domain: [-1, 1] Range: [ , ]
2 2

Cotangent =

Arcsine

() = 1

Arccosine

() = 1

Inverse Function: () = sin Restrictions: Range and Domain are bounded Odd/Even: Odd General Form: () = 1 (( )) + Domain: [-1, 1] Range: [0, ] Inverse Function: () = Restrictions: Range and Domain are bounded Odd/Even: None General Form: () = 1 (( )) + Domain: (-, ) Range: [ , ]
2 2

Arctangent

() = 1

Arcsecant

() = 1

Inverse Function: () = Restrictions: Range is bounded Odd/Even: Odd General Form: () = 1 (( )) + Domain: (-, -1] [1, ) Range: [0, 2 ) ( 2 , ] Inverse Function: () = sec Restrictions: Range and Domain are bounded Odd/Even: Neither General Form: () = 1 (( )) +

Copyright 2011-2013 by Harold A. Toomey, WyzAnt Tutor

Function Name

Parent Function

Graph

Characteristics
Domain: (-, -1] [1, ) Range: ( , 0) (0, ) 2 2 Inverse Function: () = Restrictions: Range and Domain are bounded Odd/Even: Odd General Form: () = 1 (( )) + Domain: (-, ) Range: (0, ) Inverse Function: () = Restrictions: Range is bounded Odd/Even: Neither General Form: () = 1 (( )) +

Arccosecant

() = 1

Arccotangent

() = 1

The Six Trig Levers 1) Move up/down 2) Move left/right 3) Stretch up/down 4) Stretch left/right 5) Flip about x-axis 6) Flip about y-axis

= ( ( + )) +
d c a b (vertical shift) (phase shift) (amplitude) (frequency x 2)

Graphing Tips d= (max + min) 2

Notes If d = f(x) then x-axis is replaced by f(x) sin () = cos ( /2) a is NOT peak-to-peak on y-axis T = peak-to-peak on x-axis T = /b for tan (b) sin () = sin () cos () = cos ()

- shifts right a= (max min) 2 2 1 T= = b f(x) f(x) f(x) f(-x)

a a b b

Copyright 2011-2013 by Harold A. Toomey, WyzAnt Tutor