Sub netting

Class Less Inter Domain Routing (CIDR)

Class C IP

00000000=0 /24
10000000=128 /25
11000000=192 /26
11100000=224/27
11110000=240/28
11111000=248/29
11111100=250 /30

11111110=254 /31 We don’t use that because at least 2 host bit is used for
11111111=255 /32 Assigning IP.

Example-1
192.168.10.0= Network Address
255.255.255.128= Subnet Mask
Subnet= 21=2
Host = 27-2=126
Valid Subnets are:
256-128=128
0 and 128

Subnet 0 128
First Host 1 129
Last Host 126 254
Broadcast 127 255

Example-2
255.255.255.192(/26) =11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000

192.168.10.0= Network Address

255.255.255.192= Subnet Mask

Subnet= 22 =4
Host Per Subnet =26-2=62
Valid Subnets are:
256-192=64
0,64,128,192
Subnet 0 64 128 192
First Host 1 65 129 193
Last Host 62 126 190 254
Broadcast 63 127 191 255

Example-3
Node Address: 192.168.10.174
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240

The mask is 240

Block Size is : 256-240=16

So the Blocks are: 0,16,32,48,64,80,96,112,128,144,160,176

So our host address 192.168.10.174 is between the block 160 and 176.
Thus the subnet is: 160.

The Broadcast address is: 175

So, finally the host range is : 161-174

Example-4

/26 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000

-192 Subnet Mask

-2 bit ON and 6 bit OFF (11000000=192)
-Block Size: 256-192=64
-4 Subnet : 0,64,128,192
-No of Host in each subnet: 62

Class B IP

255.255.0.0 (/16)
255.255.128.0 (/17)
255.255.192.0 (/18)
255.255.224.0 (/19)
255.255.240.0 (/20)
255.255.248.0 (/21)
255.255.252.0 (/22)
255.255.254.0 (/23)
Example-1

255.255.128.0 (/17) =11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000

172.16.0.0= Network Address

255.255.128.0= Subnet Mask

Subnet = 21=2

Host = 215-2=32,766

Valid Subnets are:

256-128=128
0, 128

Broadcast Addresses are: 127.255, 255.255

Subnet 0.0 128.0

First Host 0.1 128.1
Last Host 127.254 255.254
Broadcast 127.255 255.255

Example-2

What subnet and broadcast address for IP address 172.16.10.33 and 255.255.255.224
(/27)

Blocks Size: 256-224=32

Subnets are :0,32,64,…..

IP address 172.16.10.33 is between the 32 and 64

So,
Subnet: 10.32
Broadcast: 10.63

Class A IP
255.0.0.0 (/8)
255.128.0.0 (/9)
255.192.0.0 (/10)
255.224.0.0 (/11)
255.240.0.0 (/12)
255.248.0.0 (/13)
255.252.0.0 (/14)
255.254.0.0 (/15)
255.255.0.0 (/16)
Example -1

255.255.240.0 (/16)=11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000

Subnet: 212=4096
Hosts: 212-2=4094

Block Size: 256-240=16

Subnets are: 0,16,32 etc.

Subnet 10.0.0.0 10.0.16.0 .. 10.255.240.0

First host 10.0.0.1 10.0.16.1 .. 10.255.240.1
Last host 10.0.15.254 10.0.31.254 .. 10.255.255.254
Broadcast 10.0.15.255 10.0.31.255 .. 10.255.255.255