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SCH4U: Potential Energy Profile: Two-Step Reaction Mechanism

Benzene (CsHs) + Bromine -7 Bromobenzene

+ Hydrogen bromide

Step 1)

Step 2)

&~'

tit

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Reaction Intermediales

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Note: Step 1 would be the rate determining step - highest Ea

Ea of reaction = Ea of rate determining step

SCH4U: Potential Energy Diagram - Reaction Mechanisms

The following is the mechanism for the reaction:
2-methyl-2-propanol

+ hydrogen chloride

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2)
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4)
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= 2-chloro-2-methylpropane'

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Write out the elementary processes for this mechanism.

.Identify the reaction intermediates. c.
Identify the activated complexes. 1>( o,f
Identify the rate determining step. ~
Indicate the Ea for the reaction. D- po.
Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? E",.
1 ~

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SCH4U: Relating Reaction Rate to Time

(Txt. Ref.: pg 378)
In many rate experiments it is easy to determine the initial concentration of reactants and measure the
time elapsed between the start of a reaction and a certain point in the reaction (ie; visible change).
W hat is the relationship between average reaction rate and elapsed time? Explain

Com bine the two proportionalities

relating rate(aV)to tim e and rate (av)to in itial [A] to express the

We can use this relationship between time and [reactant]initial to analyse experimental data allowing us
determine the order of each reactant and thus the rate law of a reaction. On the axis below, label the
axes and sketch the grap h that would represent the following reaction orders for reactant "A".

(a) Zeroth order wi.th respect.to [A]

(b) First order with res peet to [A]

[RJ
(e) Rxn Order> 1 with respect to [A]

(d) Second order with respectto

[A]

HW: pg 381#5

SCH4U: Order of Reaction and Reaction Mechanisms

The rate of any reaction depends on the rate determining step, therefore, the rate law and
reaction order must tell us something about this step in the reaction mechanism.
When developinq a mechanism for a reaction, the rate determining step (RDS) of the
propose d mec hani
.
an Ism mus t agree WIlth th e ra t e Iaw expression.
Order of
Molecularity
Elementary process
Rate Law
reaction
ofRDS
RDS
1"
rate
k[A]
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rate
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(10

(Note: the order of each reactant is equal to its molar coefficient in the elementary process)

Using the Rate Law to Analyze a Reaction Mechanism

Consider the following reaction:
A possible mechanism for this reaction may involve a bimolecular collision between N02 and
CO, transferring an oxygen atom from one molecule to the other.

ehiS were true, predict thye :at: ~a:,;X~::;Sion for this reaction:
Based on this rate law, how would doubling the [NO,l or reOl affect the reatlon rate?

Analysis of the reaction reveals that when the concentration of N02 is doubled, the reaction rate
is quadrupled while changes in the concentration of CO have no effect on the reaction rate.
What do these results tell us about our proposed mechanism?

Based on these results, what is the rate law expression for this reaction?

What does this tell us about the rate determining step of this reaction?

Further research eventually revealed that the mechanism for this reaction is as follows:
1)
N02 + N02 -7 N03 + NO
(large Ea = slow)
2)
N03 + CO -7 N02 + CO2
(low Ea = fast)
Based on this mechanism, why does the reOl have no effect on the reaction rate?

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