Mathematics Grade 10

Algebraic Fractions
Lesson 1: Revision of Factorisation
1. x 2x = x(x 2)
2

Task Answers

Lesson 5: Simplification of More Advanced Fractions

2. p + 2pa = p(1 + 2a)

Lesson 2: Simplification of Fractions

18x y 27 xy
3 2

2x 3 y2

We have a rectangle with a area of x2 + 4x 5. We know that the length of one side is x + 5. We know that the other side must include an x, because we have an x2 in x 5 the trinomial. So we draw the rectangle as shown on the right. x But be careful, we also see that there is a minus sign in the trinomial, so we know that there must be a minus sign in the expression for the length of this second side. So this side is going to be smaller than x. Lets assume that the side is x and then work out how much smaller the side must be. If the side is x, then the area of the whole rectangle is x(x + 5) = x2 + 5x. Lets compare the area that we want to the area of this rectangle: we have x2 + 5x and we want x2 + 4x 5.

Lesson 3: Simplification of Fractions

1.

3 p 3p

Cannot be simplified further. 2.

z + rz r +1 z (1+ r ) = r +1 =z

So the area that we want is smaller by x and it is also smaller by 5. So the area of this rectangle must be reduced by (x 5). What do we need to multiply the first side (x + 5) by, to get (x 5)? The answer is 1. So the area of the second side must be x 1. Check the answer: (x + 5)(x 1) = x2 + 5x 1x 5 = x2 + 4x 5.

Lesson 4: Simplification of More Advanced Fractions

Lesson 6: Fractions including Trinomials

16 4 k 4k + 8 4( 4 k 2 ) = 4( k + 2) = ( 2 k )( 2 + k ) 4( k + 2)

x 2 ( x 3) + 4(3 x) x2 x 6 x 2 ( x 3) 4( x 3) = ( x 3)( x + 2) ( x 3)( x 2 4) = ( x 3)( x + 2) ( x 2 4) = ( x + 2) ( x + 2)( x 2) = ( x + 2) = x2

= 2 k

Mathematics Grade 10

Algebraic Fractions
Lesson 7: Multiplication of Fractions 2 pq 2 p 2 8q 2 p + 2 q 4 p 8q 2 pq 2( p 2 4q 2 ) = p + 2q 4( p 2q ) 2 pq 2( p 2q )( p + 2q ) = p + 2q 4( p 2q ) = pq Lesson 8: Multiplication of Fractions

Task Answers

Lesson 10: Finding the Lowest Common Multiple

15x2y = 3 5 x2y 12xy2 = 2 2 3xy2 LCM = 2 2 3 5 x2 y2 = 60x2y2

a 2 4a + 4 1 a 2 3a + 3 4 2a (a 2)(a 2) (1 a )(1 + a ) = 3(a + 1) 2(2 a ) (a 2)(a 2) (1 a ) = 3 2(a 2) (a 2) (1 a ) = 3 2 (a 2)(1 a ) = 6

Lesson 9: Division of Fractions p2 + 5 p + 6 4 p2 3p + 9 4 2p = = = ( p + 3)( p + 2) 4 2 p 3( p + 3) 4 p2 ( p + 2) 2( 2 p ) 3 ( 2 + p )( 2 p ) 2 3

Lesson 11: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

3 4 1 2 a +a a a a 3 4 1 = a3 (a + 1)4 a 1 a (a 1)
2

LCD: a(a + 1)(a 1)

a (a + 1) a a (a 1) = = = = 3(a 1) 4(a + 1)(a 1) 1(a + 1) a (a + 1)(a 1) a (a + 1)(a 1) a (a 1)(a + 1) 3a 3 4(a 2 1) (a + 1) a (a + 1)(a 1) 3a 3 4a 2 + 4 a 1 a (a + 1)(a 1)

4a 2 + 2a a (a + 1)(a 1) 2a (2a 1) = a (a + 1)(a 1) 2(2a 1) = (a + 1)(a 1)

Lesson 12: Algebraic Fractions

Compare your summary with a partners and see if you have left out any important facts and that you agree with what each other has written.