13

.......................................

-
-
-

..

(force)
(Larson, 1998; Goedde, 2007)

He was soaking wet; he looked like a drowned

rat.

1.

2.

3.

to vanish into thin air air

 (expression) (proverb)

()

(World
view)

(Cultural substitute)

(
2006)

(figurative language)

(force)

(charcoal)

(coal)

(Black sheep)

(sociolinguistic factors)

1.

2.

3.

1.

- To set people by the ears

- Look before you leap

- Rags to riches

- Cut your coat according to your cloth

2.

- Haste makes waste

- Pot calling the kettle black

- Take care of the pence and the

pounds will take care of themselves

- Shake a leg

- Fair and square

=
,

3.

4.

(repetition)



- To turn a blind eye
=
- You cant make an omlette without
breaking an egg
=
- To take something with a grain of salt =

- Rome was not built in one day =
- Early ripe, early rotten
=
- Like mother, like daughter
=
- To call a spade a spade
=
- He that gives should never remember, =

he that receives should never forget

5.

- Wall have ears
=
- To cut off ones nose to spite ones face
=

- Flies are easier caught with honey than
with vinegar
=


- Venture small fish to catch a great one. =

6.

(antithesis)

- All is not gold that glitters

=
- Jack of all trades, and master of none =

- Two men lookout through the same bars: one sees the mud,
and one the stars

- When the cats away, the mice will play.

- Out of the frying pan into the fire =

- To wash dirty linen in public =

- One mans meat is another mans poison

=

- Penny wise and pound foolish =

- What comes from the heart,
goes to the heart
=

7.

(chiasmus)

- When in Rome, do as Romans do =

- When you have nothing to say, =

say nothing

(simile)
(metaphor)

(form)

1. (simile) as, like
,



- To be as quiet as a grave
=
=

- To cry ones eyes out
=

- Jack of all trades, and master of none
=

2. (metaphor)

- One mans meat is another mans poison =

- Meat is poison
=

- Beauty without grace is a violet =

without smell
- All is not gold that glitter =

3. (hyperbole)

- The way to a mans heart is =

through his stomach

- To cry ones eyes out
=

- To look for a needle in a hay stack =

- Dog tired
=

- Mad as a March hare
= /
- Daylight robbery
- Once in a blue moon
- For ages

=
=

4. (irony)





- A kiss after a kick
=

- He has honey in the mouth and

=

a razor at the girdle
- To reap what others have sown
=

- When pigs fly
= ,
5. (personification)




- Pot calls the kettle black =
- Like a dog in a manger
=
- Manners make the man
=

- Love is blind
=
- Anger punishes itself
=
6. (metonymy)

- Take care of the pence, and the

=

pounds will take care of themselves

(pence, pounds, , )
- To take the bread out of ones mouth=

(, bread ,
)
- Teach your grandmother to suck eggs
=

(suck eggs,
)
7. (euphemism)

- To have one foot in the grave =

- Old age
=
- Senior citizen
=
- Restroom, powder room
=

- Shotgun wedding
=

8.
(religious language)

- To teach your grandmother to suck eggs

- To do good by stealth

- A god has his day

- By hook or by crook

- He that sows good seed, shall reap

good corn
- Blessing in disguise
- Bless you

- To keep one finger crossed

=
=

9.
(cultural substitute)

- To use a sledgehammer to crack a nut

- To wash dirty linen in public

- Take care of the pence, and the

pounds will take care of themselves

- To carry coals to Newcastle


- To call a spade, a spade
- Practice what you preach

1.

1.

- To come home to roost

- The wisest man may fall =

- Every cloud has a silver lining

- A dog has his day

- You cant make an omlette without

breaking an egg

- Not worth a tinkers dam =

2.
- Cut your coat according to your cloth

- A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

- You cant make an omlette without

breaking an egg
- Dont look a gift horse in the mouth

- To win some to loose some

3.
- Rome was not built in one day =

- Haste makes waste

- Speech is silvern, silence is golden =

- To nip in the bud

- To save it for a rainy day

- A stitch in time

- Look where you leap

- Beware of Greeks bearing gifts =

4.
- The way to a mans (an English mans)

heart is through his stomach

- Fine feathers make fine birds

- A penny saved is a penny earned =

2.

1.
- To keep up with the Jones

- To use a sledgehammer to crack a nut =

- To make a mountain out of a mole hill =

- Thin end of the wedge

- To flog a dead horse

- Pipe dream

= /

- To cut off ones nose to spite ones face

- Teach your grandmother to suck eggs

2.
- To cast the first stone

= /

- To buy a pig in a poke

- To put all ones eggs in one basket

/

- A long shot in the dark

- Barking up the wrong tree

- To go out on a limb

=
/

- To jump the gun

- To let the cat out of the bag

3.


1.

- Indian giver

- Black sheep

- Dog in the manger

- Bull in a china shop

- Three sheets to the wind =

/

- One bad apple

- Backseat driver

- Peeping Tom

- Whipping boy

- Couch potato

- Bat in ones belfry

- Lame duck

- Sitting duck

- Fish out of water

- A bad workman blames his tools

2.
- Neither fish nor fowl

- When pigs fly

= /

- Indian summer

- Achilless heel

- Down at heel

- Below the salt

- Under fire

- Dead in the water

- High and dry

- Not enough room to swing a cat

- Zero tolerance

- Mad as a hatter

- At the end of ones rope =

- Behind bars

- Beyond the pale

- Dead as a Dodo

- Handwriting on the wall

- Down and out

- Crocodile tears

- Chalk and cheese

3.
- To get on ones high horse =
- To bury ones head in the sand

- To rub salt in the wound =

- To cry wolf

- To pull the wool over ones eyes

- To wash ones dirty linen in public =

- To move red rag to a bull

- To blow ones own trumpet =

- To sail under false colors =
- To rest to ones laurels

- To spill the beans

- To go bananas

- To drink like a fish

4.

- To fight tooth and mail

- To bring home the bacon

- Hair of the dog

- By hook or by crook

- To play by ear

- To pull strings

- To burn the midnight oil

- More than one way to skin the cat

- Off the hook

- To set people by their ears =

- To play second fiddle

- To paddle ones own canoe =

/

- To pull ones weight

- Burning the candle at both ends =

- To clip ones wings

- To get ducks in a row

- To wash ones hands of something

- To run with the hares and hunt with

the hounds
=
- To play possum

5.

1.

- Cool as a cucumber

- Cut and dried

- Olive branch

- Salad day

- A feather in ones cap

- Full fledged

- Saved by the bell

- In the pink

- Soup to nuts

- To fit as a fiddle

- Dark horse

- Square meal

2.

- To hit the nail right on the head

- To take the bulls by the horns

=-

- To come out of ones shell = /

- To call a spade a spade =
- Fair and square

- Dutch uncle

- Even stevens

- Talk turkey

- To hit the bulls eye

- To wear ones heart on the sleeve

- Eagle eye

1. (literal translation)
(word by word)
1.1 (very literal)

- Bald as a coot

- Save face

- Lose face

- Anger punishes itself

- When it is dark enough, you can

see the stars

- The time to be happy is now; the

place to be happy is here

- He who has never hoped can

never despair

1.2 (modified literal translation)

1.2.1

(word order)
- Dark horse

- Black sheep

- Final straw

- Still water runs deep

- First come, first served

=

=

- It is sure to be dark if you shut =

your eyes
1.2.2 (implicit and explicit)

- What is past is prologue =

( only)
- A promise made is a debt unpaid =

( made)
- Barking dogs seldom bite = ( seldom)
1.2.3
- Love is blind
=
( )
- It is evil striving a gainst the stream
=

( evil )
- Take care of the pence, and the =

pounds will take care of themselves

(

)
2. (Interpretation)


- A bakers dozen
=
- Not fit to hold a candle to someone =

- Not worth a tinkers dam

=
- To pour cold water on something
=

- Every Tom, Dick and Harry =

- Even Stevens
= /
- To hit the nail right on the head =

- Olive branch
=
- Sitting duck
=

2.1 (modified by form)


(central concept + form)
- Talk turkey
=
- Cold turkey
=
- Turkey shoot
=
- Back handed compliment =

- A ball in ones court

=

- Loan shark
=
- To pay through the nose =

2.2 (modified by function)

- Whipping boy

- To pull ones weight

=
=

- To save it for a rainy day

- Flea market

- Icing on the cake

- Dutch Courage

2.3 (modified by reason)

- To kill ones goose

- To have ants in ones pants =

3. (idiom to idiom)


3.1

- Dog in the manger

- To talk nineteen to the dozen

3.2

- Whipping boy

- First water

- Hair of the dog

- Apple of ones eyes

- One bad apple
- A piece of cake

=
=

- Dont teach your grandma to

suck egg

- A bird in hand

- To beat around the bush =

- To show ones true color =

3.3
- Cold turkey

- A dime a dozen

- Brand new

=
/

- Not worth the candle

- Sitting duck

- Three sheets to the wind

- Dead in the water

=
=

- To play one card close to ones chest =

- Second nature

4. (cultural substitute)

- Out of the frying pan into the fire =
- Still water runs deep

- To make a mountain out of a mole hill =

- Haste makes waste

- Goose and gander and goslings

are three sounds but one thing

- To do good by stealth

- Jack of all trades, and a master of

none

- To put ones foot in it

= /

- Too many cooks spoil the broth

- To turn a blind eye

- To use a sledgehammer to crack a nut=

- A bad workman blames his tools =

5. (flexible format)

5.1 (nonfigurative sense to
nonfigurative sense)
First come, first served
=
Now is the best time of life =

5.2 (nonfigurative sense to metaphor)

Haste makes waste

= ,

5.3 (metophor to similes nonfigurative

sense)

Red-eye flight
=

No ones cup of tea
=
To pour oil on troubled water =

5.4 (metophor to metophor)

Time is money
=
Everyone is a moon, and has a dark
=

side which he never shows to anybody

5.5 (implicit / explicit)

(explicit meaning)

(implicit)
Red-handed
=
( = explicit)
Yellow belly
=

Green thumb
To show ones true color

( = explicit)
=
( = explicit)
=
(ones = = implicit)

5.6 (specific / generic)

(specific)
(generic)

Every Tom, Dick and Harry

Red letter day

(Red letter day

)

1. To be as busy as { a bee } = very busy { a beaver }

Somsri was as busy as a bee when her son and daughter

were young.

2. To be born with a silver spoon in ones mouth = to be born to

good fortune; to be born rich

That boy was born with a silver spoon in his mouth and he

never needed to work.

3. To be caught red-handed = to be apprehended, caught in the

act of doing something wrong

When he was copying his friends homework, Jim was caught

red-handed.

4. To be down in the dumps = to be very depressed

He was down in the dumps because he got an F in English.

()

5. To be (turn) green (with envy) = to be filled with a strong desire

of jealousy

When her friend got all the praise instead, Malee turned green

with envy.

6. To be walking on air = to be very happy

They were walking on air on their wedding day.

7. To bite the bullet = to endure something that is unpleasant or

painful

Although he doesnt like his work, he has to bite the bullet.

8. To bring home the bacon = to earn a living

Her mother was the one who brought home the bacon.

9. To bury ones head in the sand = to refuse to accept facts

Dont bury your head in the sand; you know your boyfriend

has been seeing another woman.

10. To catch ones eye = to attract ones attention

Her red blouse really caught peoples eye.

11. To eat crow = to admit you are wrong; to apologize

You have to eat crow; otherwise, she wont forgive you.

12. To find fault with = to be dissatisfied with; object to

Since she is a perfectionist, she always finds fault with what

other people do.

13. To lend an ear (to someone) = to listen to them carefully and

sympathetically

They are always willing to lend an ear and offer what advice

they can.

14. To fan the flames = to make a situation worse by interfering or

speaking poorly

Dont fan the flames by telling a lie about somebody who is

already in trouble.

15. To give a ring = to telephone

Give me a ring whenever you come to town.

16. To give (someone) a lift = to drive someone in your car from
one place to another

He gave her a lift back home that night.

17. To have a big mouth = to talk loudly, excessively

The thief was caught because his friend had a big mouth.

18. To keep a low profile = to remain quiet; not to show off

Americans in Thailand were told to keep a low profile during

events in May.

19. To keep an eye on someone/something = to watch carefully; to

pay particular attention to

You have to keep an eye on that girl; she is not trustworthy.

20. To lead by the nose = to dominate completely

He let his wife lead him by the nose.

21.To lose face = to lose ones good name or reputation

He lost face since he did not get a promotion.

22. To put (have) all of ones eggs in one basket = to risk all that
one has on a single venture, method

His friend said he put all of his eggs in one basket since he

invested all his money buying stocks.

23. To run short of money = to have little or no money left

He spent too much on whiskey, so he ran short of money,

and couldnt pay his expenses.

24. To save face = to avoid appearing foolish

He reluctantly gave a large sum of money to his servant to

save face.

25. To save the situation = to deal successfully with a situation

which seems hopeless

To save the situation, the General ordered his soldiers to

retreat.

26. To see someone through = to help out or to carry through in a

time of difficulty

Many friends saw me through what was a difficult time for

me.

27. To shut ones eye to = to be unwilling to see or think about

He shut his eyes to his daughters behavior.

28.Up to ones ears in = deeply involved in

Because her daughter went to study abroad, she was up to

her ears in debt.

29. To vanish into thin air = to disappear completely

After he had got the money from his mother, he vanished

into thin air.

30. To win by a nose = to win any contest by a narrow margin

You have to practice more for the next race, since you only

won by a nose this time.

1. Absence makes the heart grow fonder.

2. Might as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb.

never changes its spots)

(the leopard



3. As you make your bed, so must you lie on it.

4. A tree is known by its fruit.

.........

..............................................................................................................
..........................

5. Barking dogs seldom bite.

.........

...............................................................................................................
...................................

6. Beauty is (only) skin-deep.

..........

............................................................................................................
...........................

7. Its better to be safe than sorry.

.........

..............................................................................................................
......................

8. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

.........

...............................................................................................................
................................

9. Its the case of the blind leading the blind.

.........
,
.............................................................................................................
..........
10.

Blood is thicker than water.

..........
,

...............................................................................................................
...

11.

Its like carrying coals to Newcastle.

...........

............................................................................................................
...............
12.

It's like casting pearls before swine.

.............

...........................................................................................................
...........................
13.

Dont count your chickens before they are hatched.

.............

............................................................................................................
.......................
14.

Cut your coat according to your cloth.

.............

..........................................................................................................
......................
15.

Everything comes to him who waits.

..............
..............................................................................................................
................
16.

Fine feathers make fine birds.

...............
.............................................................................................................
17.

Great oaks from little acorns grow.

................

............................................................................................................
.........
18.

Hard work breaks no bones.

.................


...................................................................
19.

Health is better than wealth.

................ /
...........................................................................
20.

Ignorance is bliss.

..................

......................................................................................................
................................
21.

It's like killing the goose that lays the golden egg.

........

............................................................................................................
.............................
22.

Let sleeping dogs lie.

.........
.........................................................................................................
...........................
23.

Like father, like son.

...........

..............................................................................................................
.......................
24.

Like master, like man.

.............

..........................................................................................................
............................
25.

Little strokes fell great oaks.

.............

............................................................................................................
..........
26.

Make hay while the sun shines.

..............

...............................................................................................................
...........................
27.

Murder will out.

.............
..............................................................................................................
....

28.

Never cross your bridges till you come to them.

..............
................................................................................................................
.....................
29.

No lock will hold against the power of gold.

...............

..............................................................................................................
30.

Nourish a viper in ones bosom.

................

.........................................................................................................
.....................

Goedde, B. (2007). The New York Times; Nonfiction in translation.

Retrieved Jan 15, 2009 from

http://www.creativenonfiction.org/brevity/craft goedde.htm.
Larson, Mildred L. (1998.) Meaning-Based Translation. New York:
University Press of America.

(2545). . :

(2549). Behind the Phrases. : .

,

(2006). : .

(------). :

(2548).

. 8. :

(2529).
.. 2525. :

 (2539). :
. :
,

(2536). .
2. :

(2540). ( 5).
2. :

(2550.)

. . :
, ...

(2532).

. (

)