ANALISIS STRUKTUR

DENGAN METODE MATRIKS

Mengapa Metode Matriks?
ALJABAR MATRIKS
Pertemuan Minggu I dan II
Analisis Struktur Metode Matriks
Ashar Saputra, PhD
Topik Paparan
Aljabar matrix
Definisi matrix
Macam-macam matrix
Operasi matrix
Matrix orthogonal
Aljabar matrix
Solusi persamaan linier simultan
Matrix partisi
Program komputer untuk operasi matrix
Definisi Matriks
Matriks adalah suatu susunan elemen dengan dobel
subscribe yang disusun dalam baris dan kolom
{ } ij
mn m
n
n
A
a a
a a
a a

, ,

, ,
, ,
1
2 21
1 11
=
(
(
(
(

.
. . . .
.
.
= A
Vektor baris
[1 x n] matrix
| | { } j n a a a a A , , 2 , 1 = .
Vektor kolom
{ } i
m
a
a
a
a
A
2
1
=
(
(
(
(

.
=
[m x 1] matrix
Matrik bujur sangkar
B =
5 4 7
3 6 1
2 1 3




(

(
(
Jumlah baris dan kolom sama
Macam-macam Matriks bujur sangkar

Macam-macam Matriks bujur sangkar

Macam-macam Matriks bujur sangkar

Macam-macam Matriks bujur sangkar

OPERASI MATRIKS
Penjumlahan

Sifat-sifat penjumlahan
[A] + [B] = [B] + [A] komutatif
[A] + [B] + [C] = ([A] + [B]) + [C]
PERKALIAN DENGAN SKALAR
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
9
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
9 6
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
9 6 15
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
9 6 15
-6
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
9 6 15
-6 0
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
9 6 15
-6 0 3
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
9 6 15
-6 0 3
12
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
9 6 15
-6 0 3
12 18
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
9 6 15
-6 0 3
12 18 27
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
9 6 15
-6 0 3
12 18 27
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
PENJUMLAHAN
(LANJUTAN)
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
+
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
+
26
=
6 + 20
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
26 0
=
+
4 - 4
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
26 0 18
=
+
10 + 8
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
26 0 18
-4
=
+
-4 + 0
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
26 0 18
-4 12
=
+
0 + 12
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
26 0 18
-4 12 30
=
+
2 + 28
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
26 0 18
-4 12 30
16
=
+
8 + 8
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
26 0 18
-4 12 30
16 40
=
+
12 + 28
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
26 0 18
-4 12 30
16 40 34
=
+
18 + 16
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Matrix Addition & Scalars
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
26 0 18
-4 12 30
16 40 34
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
PERKALIAN MATRIKS
DENGAN MATRIKS LAIN
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Matrix Multiplication
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
CONTOH PERHITUNGAN
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 1 x Column 1
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
3 x 5 + 2 x 0 + 5 x 2 = 25
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 1 x Column 1
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
3 x 5 + 2 x 0 + 5 x 2 = 25
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 1 x Column 1
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
3 x 5 + 2 x 0 + 5 x 2 = 25
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 1 x Column 1
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 1 x Column 2
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
3 x (-1) + 2 x 3 + 5 x 7 = 38
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 1 x Column 2
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
3 x (-1) + 2 x 3 + 5 x 7 = 38
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 1 x Column 2
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
3 x (-1) + 2 x 3 + 5 x 7 = 38
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 1 x Column 2
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 1 x Column 3
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
3 x 2 + 2 x 7 + 5 x 4 = 40
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 1 x Column 3
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
3 x 2 + 2 x 7 + 5 x 4 = 40
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 1 x Column 3
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
3 x 2 + 2 x 7 + 5 x 4 = 40
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 1 x Column 3
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 2 x Column 1
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
-2 x 5 + 0 x 0 + 1 x 2 = -8
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 2 x Column 1
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
-2 x 5 + 0 x 0 + 1 x 2 = -8
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 2 x Column 1
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
-2 x 5 + 0 x 0 + 1 x 2 = -8
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 2 x Column 1
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
-8
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 2 x Column 2
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 2 x Column 2
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
-2 x (-1) + 0 x 3 + 1 x 7 = 9
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 2 x Column 2
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
-2 x (-1) + 0 x 3 + 1 x 7 = 9
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 2 x Column 2
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
-2 x (-1) + 0 x 3 + 1 x 7 = 9
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 2 x Column 2
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
-8 9
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 2 x Column 3
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
-2 x 2 + 0 x 7 + 1 x 4 = 0
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 2 x Column 3
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
-2 x 2 + 0 x 7 + 1 x 4 = 0
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 2 x Column 3
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
-2 x 2 + 0 x 7 + 1 x 4 = 0
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 2 x Column 3
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
-8 9 0
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 3 x Column 1
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
4 x 5 + 6 x 0 + 9 x 2 = 38
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 3 x Column 1
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
4 x 5 + 6 x 0 + 9 x 2 = 38
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 3 x Column 1
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
4 x 5 + 6 x 0 + 9 x 2 = 38
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 3 x Column 1
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
-8 9 0
38
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 3 x Column 2
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
4 x (-1) + 6 x 3 + 9 x 7 = 77
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 3 x Column 2
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
4 x (-1) + 6 x 3 + 9 x 7 = 77
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 3 x Column 2
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
4 x (-1) + 6 x 3 + 9 x 7 = 77
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 3 x Column 2
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
-8 9 0
38 77
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 3 x Column 3
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
4 x 2 + 6 x 7 + 9 x 4 = 86
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 3 x Column 3
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
4 x 2 + 6 x 7 + 9 x 4 = 86
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 3 x Column 3
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
4 x 2 + 6 x 7 + 9 x 4 = 86
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 3 x Column 3
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
-8 9 0
38 77 86
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Matrix Multiplication
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
-8 9 0
38 77 86
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Matrix Multiplication
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
-8 9 0
38 77 86
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Matrix Multiplication
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
-8 9 0
38 77 86
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Review
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 1 x Column 1
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 1 x Column 2
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 1 x Column 3
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 2 x Column 1
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
-8
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 2 x Column 2
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
-8 9
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 2 x Column 3
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
-8 9 0
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 3 x Column 1
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
-8 9 0
38
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 3 x Column 2
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
-8 9 0
38 77
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Row 3 x Column 3
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
-8 9 0
38 77 86
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Matrix Multiplication
3 2 5
-2 0 1
4 6 9
5 -1 2
0 3 7
2 7 4
X
25 38 40
-8 9 0
38 77 86
=
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant dari matriks 2 x 2
a b
c d
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 2 x 2 Matrix
3 5
4 6
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 2 x 2 Matrix
-4 3
5 2
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 2 x 2 Matrix
8 4
6 5
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant dari matriks 3 x 3
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1
2 1 5 2
3 6 7 3
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
117 + 353 + 426 - 314 - 651 - 723
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
117 + 353 + 426 - 314 - 651 - 723
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
117 + 353 + 426 - 314 - 651 - 723
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
117 + 353 + 426 - 314 - 651 - 723
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
117 + 353 + 426 - 314 - 651 - 723
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
117 + 353 + 426 - 314 - 651 - 723
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
117 + 353 + 426 - 314 - 651 - 723
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
117 + 353 + 426 - 314 - 651 - 723
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
117 + 353 + 426 - 314 - 651 - 723
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
117 + 353 + 426 - 314 - 651 - 723
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
117 + 353 + 426 - 314 - 651 - 723
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
117 + 353 + 426 - 314 - 651 - 723
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
117 + 353 + 426 - 314 - 651 - 723
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
117 + 353 + 426 - 314 - 651 - 723
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4 1 3
2 1 5 2 1
3 6 7 3 6
117 + 353 + 426 - 314 - 651 - 723
7 + 45 + 48 - 12 - 30 - 42
= 16
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2
4 3 7 4
5 9 8 5
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2
4 3 7 4
5 9 8 5
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
117 + 353 + 426 - 314 - 651 - 723
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
238 + 175 + 649 - 536 - 972 - 841
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
238 + 175 + 649 - 536 - 972 - 841
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
238 + 175 + 649 - 536 - 972 - 841
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
238 + 175 + 649 - 536 - 972 - 841
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
238 + 175 + 649 - 536 - 972 - 841
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
238 + 175 + 649 - 536 - 972 - 841
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
238 + 175 + 649 - 536 - 972 - 841
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
238 + 175 + 649 - 536 - 972 - 841
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
238 + 175 + 649 - 536 - 972 - 841
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
238 + 175 + 649 - 536 - 972 - 841
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
238 + 175 + 649 - 536 - 972 - 841
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
238 + 175 + 649 - 536 - 972 - 841
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
238 + 175 + 649 - 536 - 972 - 841
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
2 1 6 2 1
4 3 7 4 3
5 9 8 5 9
238 + 175 + 649 - 536 - 972 - 841
48 + 35 + 216 - 90 - 126 - 32
= 51
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
Choose a
row or
a colum
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
We will use the first column
to give us our cofactors
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
1 5
6 7
3 4
6 7
3 4
1 5
Notice the
alternating signs
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
1 5
6 7
3 4
6 7
3 4
1 5
Now for the minors
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
1 5
6 7
Remove the row and the
column of the cofactor
element
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
1 5
6 7
3 4
6 7
Remove the row and the
column of the cofactor
element
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
1 5
6 7
3 4
6 7
3 4
1 5
Remove the row and the
column of the cofactor
element
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
1 5
6 7
3 4
6 7
3 4
1 5
1(7 30) 2(21 24) + 3(15
4)
1(-23) 2(3) + 3(11) = -23 + 6 + 33 =
16
= 16
Evaluate each 2x2
determinant and simplify
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
NOW TRY A DIFFERENT
ROW OR COLUMN
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
Choose a new
row or
a colum
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
This time we will use the
second row to give us our
cofactors
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
1 5
6 7
3 4
6 7
3 4
1 5
Again we have
alternating signs
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
1 5
6 7
3 4
6 7
3 4
1 5
Now for the minors
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
Remove the row and the
column of the cofactor
element
3 4
6 7
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
Remove the row and the
column of the cofactor
element
3 4
6 7
1 4
3 7
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
Remove the row and the
column of the cofactor
element
3 4
6 7
1 4
3 7
1 3
3 6
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 3 x 3 Matrix
1 3 4
2 1 5
3 6 7
3 4
6 7
1 4
3 7
1 3
3 6
-2(21 24) + 1(7 12) - 5(6
9)
-2(-3) + 1(5) - 5(-3) = 6 - 5 + 15 = 16
= 16
Evaluate each 2x2
determinant and simplify
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 4 x 4 Matrix
1 -2 3 4
2 -5 1 5
2 3 -1 4
3 1 6 7
Select a row or column
to use as the co-
factors.
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determinant of a 4 x 4 Matrix
1 -2 3 4
2 -5 1 5
2 3 -1 4
3 1 6 7
Lets use the first row for the
co-factors
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
1 3 4 -2
Determinant of a 4 x 4 Matrix
1 -2 3 4
2 -5 1 5
2 3 -1 4
3 1 6 7
= 16
Remember the alternating
signs.
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
1 -2 3 4
Determinant of a 4 x 4 Matrix
1 -2 3 4
2 -5 1 5
2 3 -1 4
3 1 6 7
-5 1 5
3 -1 4
1 6 7
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
+ 3 - 4
Remove the row and the
column of the cofactor
element
1 + 2
Determinant of a 4 x 4 Matrix
1 -2 3 4
2 -5 1 5
2 3 -1 4
3 1 6 7
-5 1 5
3 -1 4
1 6 7
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
1 + 2
2 1 5
2 -1 4
3 6 7
Remove the row and the
column of the cofactor
element
+ 3 - 4
Determinant of a 4 x 4 Matrix
1 -2 3 4
2 -5 1 5
2 3 -1 4
3 1 6 7
-5 1 5
3 -1 4
1 6 7
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
1 + 2
2 -5 5
2 3 4
3 1 7
2 1 5
2 -1 4
3 6 7
Remove the row and the
column of the cofactor
element
+ 3 - 4
Determinant of a 4 x 4 Matrix
1 -2 3 4
2 -5 1 5
2 3 -1 4
3 1 6 7
-5 1 5
3 -1 4
1 6 7
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
2 1 5
2 -1 4
3 6 7
2 -5 5
2 3 4
3 1 7
2 -5 1
2 3 -1
3 1 6
1 + 2
Remove the row and the
column of the cofactor
element
+ 3 - 4
Determinant of a 4 x 4 Matrix
1 -2 3 4
2 -5 1 5
2 3 -1 4
3 1 6 7
-5 1 5
3 -1 4
1 6 7
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
2 1 5
2 -1 4
3 6 7
2 -5 5
2 3 4
3 1 7
2 -5 1
2 3 -1
3 1 6
1 + 2
Now evaluate the
3x3 determinants --- more
expansion by
co-factors and minors
1(233) + 2(11) + 3(9) -
4(106)
= -142
+ 3 - 4
= -142
INVERS DAN MATRIKS
IDENTITAS
Invers Matiks Bujur Sangkar
Untuk mencari inverse matriks dapat dipakai beberapa
metoda, antara lain metode adjoint, metode pemisahan,
Gauss-Jordan, Chelosky, dsb.
Sebagai contoh metode Gauss-Jordan
Invers Matiks Bujur Sangkar

Inverses and Identities

5x = 3
5
1
5
1
5
3
1 = x
5
3
= x
inverses tive multiplica are and 5
5
1
identity tive multiplica the is 1
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
(

1 0
0 1
Now with Matrices
(

4 3
2 1
(

=
4 3
2 1
This is the
Identity Matrix
for 2 x 2 Matrices
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Lets look at another example
(

=
5 3
8 7
(

1 0
0 1
(

5 3
8 7
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
(

New Question
(

4 3
2 1
(

=
1 0
0 1
What do we
multiply a matrix
by to get the
Identity?
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
The Inverse of a 2x2 Matrix
(

d c
b a
d c
b a
1
(

a c
b d
0 =
d c
b a
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
The Inverse of a 2x2 Matrix
(

4 3
2 1
4 3
2 1
1
(

1 3
2 4
(

1 3
2 4
6 4
1
2
1
(

=

2
1
2
3
1 2
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
The Inverse of a 2x2 Matrix
(

2 1
3 4
2 1
3 4
1

4 1
3 2
(

4 1
3 2
3 8
1
+ 11
1
(

=

11
4
11
1
11
3
11
2
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
: ' use s Let
(

=
(

3 1
2 5
4 3
2 1
X
B AX =
B AX =
1
A
B A X I
1
=
1
A
B A X
1
=
This is our Formula!
(

=
3 1
2 5
1 3
2 4
4 3
2 1
1
X
2
1
(

=

9 14
14 18
2
1
X
(

=

2
9
7
7 9
X
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
: ' use s Let
(

=
(

3 4
2 7
5 4
3 1
X
B XA =
B XA =
1
A
1
= A B I X
1
A
1
= A B X
This is our Formula!
(

=

1 4
3 5
3 4
2 7
5 4
3 1
1
X
(

=
15 32
23 43
7
1
X
(

=

7
15
7
32
7
23
7
43
7
1
(

=
1 4
3 5
3 4
2 7
7
1
X
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
: ' use s Let
(

=
(

+
(

6 3
1 4
4 1
3 2
3 2
5 1
X
C B AX = +
) ( B C AX =
1
A
( ) B C A X I =
1
1
A
( ) B C A X =
1
This is our Formula!
|
|
.
|

\
|
(

4 1
3 2
6 3
1 4
1 2
5 3
3 2
5 1
1
X
7
1
(

=
2 4
4 2
1 2
5 3
7
1
X
(

=
6 8
2 26
7
1
X
B C AX =
(

=
7
6
7
8
7
2
7
26
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Are the two Matrices Inverses?
(

8 5
3 2
(

2 5
3 8
(

=
1 0
0 1
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
The product of
inverse matrices
is the identity
matrix.
Identity,
therefore,
INVERSE
Matrices
Are the two Matrices Inverses?
(

4 1
2 3
(

3 1
2 4
(

=
10 0
0 10
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
The product of
inverse matrices
is the identity
matrix.
Not the
Identity,
therefore,
NOT
INVERSE
Matrices
(

4 6
2 3
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Does the Matrix have an Inverse?
Lets review
the definition of
the Inverse of a
2x2 Matrix
The Inverse of a 2x2 Matrix
(

d c
b a
d c
b a
1
(

a c
b d
0 =
d c
b a
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
(

4 6
2 3
Find the determinant!
4 6
2 3
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
0 12 12 = =
Therefore, NO inverse!
Does the Matrix have an Inverse?
(

14 4
2 7
Find the determinant!
14 4
2 7
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
90 8 98 = =
Therefore, an inverse exists!
Does the Matrix have an Inverse?
(
(
(

9 8 7
6 5 4
3 2 1
Find the determinant!
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Therefore, NO inverse!
Does the Matrix have an Inverse?
1 2 3 1 2
4 5 6 4 5
7 8 9 7 8
159 + 267 + 348 - 753 - 861 - 942
45 + 84 + 96 - 105 - 48 - 72
(
(
(

2 4 3
1 4 2
2 3 1
Find the determinant!
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Does the Matrix have an Inverse?
1 3 2 1 3
2 4 1 2 4
3 4 2 3 4
142 + 313 + 224 - 342 - 411 - 223
8 + 9 + 16 - 24 - 4 - 12
Therefore, an inverse exists!
SOLUSI PERSAMAAN
LINEAR SIMULTAN
SOLUSI PERSAMAAN LINIER SIMULTAN
Persamaan Linier Simultan dengan n buah bilangan tak diketahui dapat dituliskan sebagai
berikut:
a
11
x
1
+ a
12
x
2
+ + a
1n
x
n
= b
1

a
11
x
1
+ a
12
x
2
+ + a
1n
x
n
= b
2


a
n1
x
1
+ a
n2
x
2
+ + a
nn
x
n
= b
n

Secara matrix, persamaan-persamaan tersebut, bisa ditulis:

11

21

12

22

x
1
x
2

x
n
=
b
1
b
2

b
n

atau, secara lebih sederhana:
[A] {X} = {B}
[A] : matrix bujur sangkar koefisien persamaan linear
{X} : matrix kolo, dari bilangan yang tak diketahui
{B} : matrix kolom dari konstanta
SOLUSI PERSAMAAN LINIER SIMULTAN
Penyelesaian dengan metode eliminasi Gauss
~ Dengan cara OPERASI BARIS, buatlah matrix [A] menjadi UPPER TRIANGULAR
MATRIX (suatu matrix bujur sangkar dimana semua elemen di bawah diagonal
utama sama dengan 0)
~ Dengan cara eliminasi/back substitution, bilangan-bilangan tak diketahui dapat
diperoleh.
~ Contoh:
4x + 3y + z = 13
x + 2y + 3z = 14
3x + 2y + 5z = 22

4 3 1
1 2 3
3 2 5

x
y
z
=
13
14
22

[A] {X} = {B}

4
1
3

3
2
2

1
3
5

|
|
|

13
14
22
;

1
0
3

3
4

2
2

1
4

3
5

|
|
|

13
4

14
22

1
0
0

3
4

5
4

1
4

1
4

11
4

17
4

|
|
|

13
4

43
4

49
4

1
0
0

3
4

1
4

1
4

11
5

17
4

|
|
|

13
4

43
5

49
4

1
0
0

3
4

1
0

1
4

11
5

24
5

|
|
|

13
4

43
5

72
5

z =
72
5
.
5
24
= 3
y =
43
5

11
5
. 3 = 2
x =
13
4

3
4
. 2
1
4
. 3 = 1
SOLUSI PERSAMAAN LINIER SIMULTAN
: ' use s Let
(

=
(

11
7
5 4
2 3
y
x
B AU =
B AU =
1
A
B A U I
1
=
1
A
B A U
1
=
This is our Formula!
(

11
7
3 4
2 5
5 4
2 3
1
U
23
1
(

=

5
57
23
1
U
(

=

23
5
23
57
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3x + 2y = 7
4x - 5y = 11
Solve the system
using inverse matrices
( )
23
5
23
57
,

solution
: ' use s Let
(

=
(

1
9
2 3
4 2
y
x
B AU =
B AU =
1
A
B A U I
1
=
1
A
B A U
1
=
This is our Formula!
(

1
9
2 3
4 2
2 3
4 2
1
U
8
1
(

=
25
14
8
1
U
(

8
25
4
7
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
2x - 4y = 9
3x - 2y = 1
Solve the system
using inverse matrices
( )
8
25
4
7
,

solution
CONTOH GAUSS
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
x + y + z = 6
4x 8y + 4z = 12
2x 3y + 4z = 3
1 1 1 6
4 -8 4 12
2 -3 4 3
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
1 1 1 6
4 -8 4 12
2 -3 4 3
I am a 1.
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
1 1 1 6
4 -8 4 12
2 -3 4 3
I need to
be 0.
I need to
be 0.
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
1 1 1 6
0 -12 0 -12
0 -5 2 -9
4 - 4(1)
-8 - 4(1)
4 - 4(1)
12 - 4(6)
2 - 2(1)
-3 - 2(1)
4 - 2(1)
3 - 2(6)
1 2
4R R
1 3
2R R
1 1 1 6
0 -12 0 -12
0 -5 2 -9
I need to
be 1
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
2
12
1
R

1 1 1 6
0 1 0 1
0 -5 2 -9
1 1 1 6
0 1 0 1
0 -5 2 -9
I need to
be 0.
I need to
be 0.
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
1 0 1 5
0 1 0 1
0 0 2 -4
1 - 0
1 - 1
1 - 0
6 - 1
0 + 5(0)
-5 + 5(1)
2 + 5(0)
-9 + 5(1)
2 1
R R
2 3
5R R +
1 0 1 5
0 1 0 1
0 0 2 -4
I need to
be 1
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3
2
1
R
1 0 1 5
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 -2
1 0 1 5
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 -2
I need to
be 0.
I am a 0
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
1 0 0 7
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 -2
1 - 0
0 - 0
1 - 1
5 (-2)
3 1
R R
1 0 0 7
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 -2
x = 7
y = 1
z = -2
Reading the Solution
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Writing the Solution
x + y + z = 6
4x 8y + 4z = 12
2x 3y + 4z = 3
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
EXAMPLE 2
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
x + y + z = -2
2x - 3y + z = -11
-x + 2y - z = 8
1 1 1 -2
2 -3 1 -11
-1 2 -1 8
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
1 1 1 -2
2 -3 1 -11
-1 2 -1 8
I am a 1.
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
1 1 1 -2
2 -3 1 -11
-1 2 -1 8
I need to
be 0.
I need to
be 0.
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
1 1 1 -2
0 -5 -1 -7
0 3 0 6
2 - 2(1)
-3 - 2(1)
1 - 2(1)
-11 - 2(-2)
-1 + 1
2 + 1
-1 + 1
8 + (-2)
1 2
2R R
1 3
R R +
1 1 1 -2
0 -5 -1 -7
0 3 0 6
I would prefer to make the 3 a one in row
three rather than the -5 in row 2. Why?
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
1 1 1 -2
0 3 0 6
0 -5 -1 -7
To
avoid
fractions!
We will
switch Row
2 and Row 3
1 1 1 -2
0 3 0 6
0 -5 -1 -7
I need to
be 1
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
2
3
1
R
1 1 1 -2
0 1 0 2
0 -5 -1 -7
1 1 1 -2
0 1 0 2
0 -5 -1 -7
I need to
be 0.
I need to
be 0.
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
1 0 1 -4
0 1 0 2
0 0 -1 3
1 - 0
1 - 1
1 - 0
-2 - 2
0 + 5(0)
-5 + 5(1)
-1 + 5(0)
-7 + 5(2)
2 1
R R
2 3
5R R +
1 0 1 -4
0 1 0 2
0 0 -1 3
I need to
be 1
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
3
1R
1 0 1 -4
0 1 0 2
0 0 1 -3
1 0 1 -4
0 1 0 2
0 0 1 -3
I need to
be 0.
I am a 0
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
1 0 0 -1
0 1 0 2
0 0 1 -3
1 - 0
0 - 0
1 - 1
-4 (-3)
3 1
R R
1 0 0 -1
0 1 0 2
0 0 1 -3
x = -1
y = 2
z = -3
Reading the Solution
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Writing the Solution
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
x + y + z = -2
2x - 3y + z = -11
-x + 2y - z = 8
AX + BY = C
DX + EY = F
(

=
(

+
(

4 3
5 1
4 9
2 6
8 4
3 1
Y X
(

=
(

+
(

7 3
2 1
3 0
1 9
2 3
7 5
Y X
AX + BY = C DX + EY = F
AX = C - BY DX = F - EY
X = A
-1
(C BY) X = D
-1
(F EY)
A
-1
(C BY) = D
-1
(F EY)
A
-1
C A
-1
BY = D
-1
F D
-1
EY
D
-1
EY A
-1
BY = D
-1
F A
-1
C
(D
-1
E A
-1
B)Y = (D
-1
F A
-1
C)
Y = (D
-1
E A
-1
B)
-1
(D
-1
F A
-1
C)
X = X
AX + BY = C
BY = C - AX EY = F - DX
Y = B
-1
(C AX) Y = E
-1
(F DX)
B
-1
(C AX) = E
-1
(F DX)
B
-1
C B
-1
AX = E
-1
F E
-1
DX
E
-1
DX B
-1
AX = E
-1
F B
-1
C
(E
-1
D B
-1
A)X = (E
-1
F B
-1
C)
X = (E
-1
D B
-1
A)
-1
(E
-1
F B
-1
C)
DX + EY = F
Y = Y
(

=
(

+
(

4 3
5 1
4 9
2 6
8 4
3 1
Y X
(

=
(

+
(

7 3
2 1
3 0
1 9
2 3
7 5
Y X
Y = (D
-1
E A
-1
B)
-1
(D
-1
F A
-1
C)
X = (E
-1
D B
-1
A)
-1
(E
-1
F B
-1
C)
(

=

73
359
73
9
73
210
73
50
X
(

73
141
73
29
219
392
219
77
Y
AX + BY = C DX + EY = F
AX = C - BY
X = A
-1
(C BY)
D[ A
-1
(C BY) ] + EY= F
D[A
-1
C A
-1
BY] + EY = F
DA
-1
C DA
-1
BY + EY = F
EY DA
-1
BY = F - DA
-1
C
Y = (E DA
-1
B)
-1
(F - DA
-1
C)
(E DA
-1
B)Y = F - DA
-1
C
AX + BY = C
BY = C - AX
Y = B
-1
(C AX)
DX + E [ B
-1
(C - AX ] = F
DX + E [ B
-1
C - B
-1
AX ] = F
DX + EB
-1
C - EB
-1
AX = F
DX - EB
-1
AX = F - EB
-1
C
X = (D - EB
-1
A)
-1
(F - EB
-1
C)
DX + EY = F
(D - EB
-1
A)X = F - EB
-1
C
(

=
(

+
(

4 3
5 1
4 9
2 6
8 4
3 1
Y X
(

=
(

+
(

7 3
2 1
3 0
1 9
2 3
7 5
Y X
X = (D - EB
-1
A)
-1
(F - EB
-1
C)
Y = (E DA
-1
B)
-1
(F - DA
-1
C)
(

=

73
359
73
9
73
210
73
50
X
(

73
141
73
29
219
392
219
77
Y
ALJABAR MATRIKS
(LANJUTAN)
Ashar Saputra, PhD
Transpose Matriks

Matriks Ortogonal

Teori Dekomposisi Matriks

Bila : [A] = sebuah matrix bujur sangkar =

11

21

31

12

22

32

13

23

33

3






1

2

3

nxn


maka matrix tersebut dapat diekspresikan dalam bentuk:
[A] = [L][U]
dimana:
[L] =

11

21

31

1

0

22

32

2

0
0

33

0
0
0

=

[L] =

11
0
0

12

22
0

13

23

33

=
lower triangle matrix,
matrix bujur sangkar yang
semua elemen di atas/di
kanan diagonal utama = 0
upper triangle matrix,
matrix bujur sangkar yang
semua elemen di bawah/di
kiri diagonal utama = 0
Teori Dekomposisi Matriks
Aplikasi pada solusi persamaan linier simultan
[A] {X} = {B}
[L] [U] {X} = {B} [U]{X} = {Y}
[L] {Y} = {B} {X} = [U]
-1
. {Y}


{Y} = [L]
-1
. {B} {X} = [U]
-1
. ([L]
-1
{B})


Dengan cara ini, {X} bisa diperoleh dengan cepat/mudah tanpa harus menghitung
inverse matrix [A]
(menghemat memori dan running komputer)
Dipakai pada:
- Metode eleminasi Gauss
- Metode Cholesky
dapat diperoleh
tanpa INVERSE
dapat diperoleh
tanpa INVERSE
Teori Dekomposisi Matriks
Teori Dekomposisi Matriks
Pada analisis struktur dengan metode matrix, akan selalu dijumpai matrix (kekakuan)
yang simetris.
Bila [A] = matrix bujur sangkar dan simetris, maka:
[A] = [L] [L]
T
..... (-)

11

21

12

22

13

23

11

21

1

0

22

2

0
0

0
0

11
0

12

22

13

23

11

21

12

22

13

23

11

21

1

0

22

2

0
0

0
0

11
0

12

22

13

23

sehingga:

11
=
11
2

11
=

11

21
=
11
.
21

21
=

21

11

1
=
11
.
1

1
=

11

22
=
21
.
21
+
22
.
22

21
= (
21

21
2
)
1
2

32
=
21
.
31
+
22
.
32

32
=

32

21
.
31

22

2
=
21
.
1
+
22
.
2

2
=

2

21
.
1

22

dan seterusnya:
3
=

3

31
.
1

32
.
2

33

Secara umum:

2
1
=1

1
2

1
=1

untuk i > j

= 0 untuk i < j
Pada analisis struktur dengan metode matrix, akan selalu dijumpai matrix (kekakuan)
yang simetris.
Bila [A] = matrix bujur sangkar dan simetris, maka:
[A] = [L] [L]
T
..... (-)
Persamaan (-) dapat ditulis: [A]
1
= LL
T

1

= L
T

1
. L
1


= L
1

T
. L
1

Bila: [M] = [L]
1

Maka: [A]
1
= [M]
T
. M dan L[L]
1
= [I]

(-) [L] [M] = [I]

11

21

31

1

0

22

32

2

0
0

33

0
0
0

11

21

31

1

0

22

32

2

0
0

33

0
0
0

1
0
0

0

0
1
0

0

0
0
1

0
0
0

Sehingga:

11
.
11
= 1
11
=
1

11

21
.
11
+
22
.
22
= 0
21
=

21
.
11

21

31
.
11
+
32
.
21
+
33
.
31
= 0
31
=

31
.
11
+
32
.
21

33


Secara umum:

=
1

=
.

1
=1

untuk i > j

= 0 untuk i < j
Setelah diperoleh matrix [M], maka dengan persamaan (-), inverse matrix [A] dapat
dihitung:
[A]
1
= [M]
T
. M Metode Cholesky
PARTIONING OF MATRICES

~ Suatu matrix bisa dipartisikan menjadi SUB MATRIX, dengan cara mengikutkan
hanya beberapa baris atau kolom dari matrix aslinya.
~ Masing-masing garis partisi harus memotong suatu baris/kolom dari matrix
aslinya.
~ Contoh:
[A] =

11

21

31

12

22

32

13

23

33

14

24

34

15

25

35

16

26

36
=

11

21

12

22

13

23


dimana:

11
=

11

21
;
12
=

12

22

13

23

14

24

21
=
31
;
22
=
32

33

34


....dst!
~ Aturan-aturan yang dipakai untuk mengoperasikan matrix partisi persis sama
dengan mengoperasikan matrix biasa.
~
~ Contoh:

=
5 3 1
4 6 2
10 3 4

33
; =
1 5
2 4
3 2

32
=

21

=

11

12

21

22

22


=

11

12

21

22

2
=

11
.
1
+
12
.
2

21
.
1
+
22
.
2



11

1
=
5 3
4 6

1 5
2 4
=
11 37
16 44

A
12
B
2
=
1
2
3 2 =
3 2
6 4

A
21
B
1
= 10 3
1 5
2 4
= 16 62
A
22
B
2
= 4 3 2 = 12 8

=
14 39
22 48
28 70

Matrix Operations in Excel
Select the
cells in
which the
answer
will
appear
Matrix Multiplication in Excel
1) Enter
=mmult(
2) Select the
cells of the
first matrix
3) Enter comma
,
4) Select the
cells of the
second matrix
5) Enter )
Matrix Multiplication in Excel
Enter these
three
key
strokes
at the
same
time:
control
shift
enter
Matrix Inversion in Excel
Follow the same procedure
Select cells in which answer is to be displayed
Enter the formula: =minverse(
Select the cells containing the matrix to be inverted
Close parenthesis type )
Press three keys: Control, shift, enter