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Stress Fields Around a Screw Dislocation

(from Hull & Bacon, pp. 75-76)

, ) ( b = bk t=k

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Note that no displacements along x and y directions : ux = uy = 0 While uz increases uniformly from 0 to b as increases from 0 to 2 :
uz = b b y = tan 1 2 2 x
u i u j ) so that + x j x i

( We can now evaluate the various strain components (ij) : ij = 1 2

exx = eyy = ezz = exy = eyx = 0 exz = ezx = eyz = ezy =

y b b sin = 4 ( x 2 + y 2 ) 4 r b x b cos = 4 ( x 2 + y 2 ) 4 r

The stress components are found using : xy = 2G xy etc. (theory of elasticity) xx = yy = zz = xy = yx = 0 xz = zx = yz = zy =

y Gb Gb sin = 2 2 2 ( x + y ) 2 r Gb x Gb cos = 2 2 2 ( x + y ) 2 r

In cylindrical polar coordinates, they are much simpler : ez = ez =

b , 4r

and

z = z =

Gb 2r

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Elastic Strain-Energy Density

1 Gb 2 ij ij = 2 8 2 r 2

U el =

is the elastic strain energy density at r due to a screw dislocation Similarly for an edge dislocation :
U el = 1 Gb 2 ij ij = 2 8 2 (1 )r 2

, b = bk t=k

The elastic strain energy in the volume element at r and r+dr per unit length of the screw dislocation : dU el = (2rdr )
Gb 2 8 2 r 2 = Gb 2 dr 4 r

Line Tension ( ) of a Dislocation : total strain energy per unit length

= U el d = (2rdr )
rc rc Gb 2 dr Gb 2 = = ln 4 8 2 r 2 rc 4 r rc

Gb 2

for an edge dislocation : =

2

Gb 2 ln 4(1 ) rc

Or, = G b , with 0.5 1 Note : 1. minimize line tension b smallest (along cpd) 2. Franks rule : b minimized (dislocation reactions) 3. Dislocations want to be straight to minimize length (line tension)
2

An external force is needed to keep a dislocation curved