Lesson 4.

3 Operations with Monomials

Objectives:
Within the learning period, I will be able to *Multiply monomials. *Divide monomials. *Multiply and divide numbers written in scientific notations. *Add and subtract monomials.

Vocabulary
Monomials - a number, a variable, or a product of a number and one or more variables

4x, 20x2yw3, -3, a2b3, and 3yz are all monomials.

Constant a monomial that is a number without a variable.

Base In an expression of the form xn, the base is x.

Exponent In an expression of the form xn, the exponent is n.

Multiplication and Division

1. Rewrite the products using the commutative and associative properties. 2. Simplify by multiplying coefficients and adding exponents of like bases.

Multiplying Monomials
Example 1:

(a3b4)(a5b2)
Group like bases

(a3a5)(b4b2)
Commutative Property

Which property was applied?

Answer: a8b6
When multiplying, add the exponents of the same bases.

Multiplying Monomials
Example 2:

(5a4b3)(2a6b5) 10(a4b3)(a6b5) 10(a4a6)(b3b5)

Answer: 10 a10b8

Multiply the coefficients Group like bases

When multiplying, add the exponents of the same bases.

Multiplying Monomials
These monomials have a mixture of different variables. Only add powers of like variables. Try These:
13 4 2 a b 8a b 12 7 2 5 10 2 2) 7 w y 10 w y 70 w y 3 5 3) 2rt 3r 6r 6t 3
9 3 4 5 4 3 3 3

1) 4a b

4) 3k mn

8 4 7 7 k m n 21k m n 2 3 2 5) 12 x y 2 xy 24 x 3 y5

Dividing Monomials
Example 1:

10m n 4 1 2m n 10 7 4 21 m n 2 3 1 5m n

5m n

Dividing Monomials
Example 2:

80a n 4 100a n
80 9 4 61 100 a n 20 80 5 5 20 100 a n
4 5 5 a n 5

Dividing Monomials
Example 3:

15x y 3 12xy

12 3 2

5xy 4

Dividing Monomials
Example 4:

6 6

30a b 3 2 42a b

8 5 3

5a b 7

5 3

Multiplication and Division of Numbers Written in Scientific Notation

Multiply and divide numbers written in scientific notation using the same steps used to multiply and divide monomials.

Example: Find each quotient . Write all answers in scientific notation. Problem Set 4.3 31.) 8.4 x 105 2 x 102 = 8.4 x 105-2 2 = 4.2 x 103

59.) (2.8 x 10-7 )(3.6 x 104) (2.4 x 103)

= (2.8) (3.6) x 10-7+4-3 2.4

= (10.08) x 10-7+4-3 2.4 = 4.2 x 10-6

Similar Terms
Two terms with the same variable part (same variables raised to the same powers).

Addition and Subtraction of Monomials

Combine monomials to describe addition and subtraction of monomials (reverse distributive property). Add only similar terms.

Problem Set 4.3 Combine by adding or subtracting as indicated. 45.) 20 ab2 19ab2 + 30ab2 = 31 ab2

Simplify. Write all answers with positive exponents only.

51.) (9a2 b) (2a3 b4) 18a5 b7 63.) 73.) 45a6 9a4 x2 50a8 2a6 =1 b2

= 5a2 25a2

= 20a2

116 x x2

= x2 -x2 6x2 = x2 x - 6 x x2

Individual Practice - HOMEWORK Problem Set 4.3, TB pp. 253-255 Multiples of 4 (4, 8, , 80)