Chapter #13: The Rise of a Mass Democracy Big Picture Themes 1.

. Andrew Jackson felt hed been robbed the presidency in 1824. This motivated the regular folks to political action. He vowed to win for the peoples sake, and did so. 2. A conflict started to brew between the north and the south. The issue was the tariff (import tax) and whether the south had the right to nullify or wipe it out. The trouble was worked out, but it foreshadowed bigger trouble to come, over slavery. 3. Jackson distrusted bankshe thought they were tools for the rich to milk money off the poor. He killed the National Bank and threw the whole banking system into chaos. 4. By the time William Henry Harrison ran for president in 1840, popular, mass politics had grown into the circus-like monster that its known as today. IDENTIFICATIONS: American System System proposed by Henry Clay that raised tariffs and brought back the BUS to build roads and canals to increase trade; resulted in sectionalism Corrupt Bargain In which John Quincy Adams offered Clay the rose of Secretary of state after Clay persuaded his voters to vote for Adams as president Tariff of Abominations Tariff made by Jackson which put more taxes on imported manufactured goods; benefitted the North but not the south; Jackson believed it would not pass and the South complained it was unfair and constitutional Nullification The south wanted to nullify the Tariff of Abominations because they thought it was unfair and unconstitutional Force Bill Created due to the Nullification crisis; allowed the president to use the army to enforce payment and collection of taxes Five Civilized Tribes Included the Cherokee, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles; they understood white civilization and were accepted by whites.

Trail of Tears In 1838, the US Army forced the Cherokee Indians to move to the land west of the Mississippi River. It was 1,000 miles long, lasted 116 days, and many Native Americans died. Nicholas Biddle President of the Second BUS, tried to get a new agreement to expand the, but it was denied by Jackson. Biddle attempted to turn the nation against Jackson with financial/economic debt Democrats vs. Whigs The Democrats were sided with Jackson while the Whigs were against him. The Democrats believed in limited federal government power. They also believed that the states rights should be protected with the state governments. They supported the common man as opposed to the wealthy. South Carolina Exposition and Protest Anonymously published by Vice President Calhoun, it suggested that each state in the union stand against the despotism of the majority by maintaining the right to abolish an unconstitutional act of Congress Martin Van Buren became Jackson's Vice President after the resignation of Calhoun. He tried to get Northerners to support Jacksons presidency. He was in charge of a rebellious political group in New York (A.K.A. the "Bucktails" or the "Albany Regency"). Specie Circular Issued by President Jackson, it was intended to end land speculation produced by the printing of paper money by states without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. The Circular said that the buying of public lands needed to be paid for in specie. It ended the land speculation and the amount of public land being bought went down sharply; caused the Panic of 1873 Hayne-Webster Debate Debate over a bill that limited the sale of public lands in the west to new settlers, Daniel Webster said that the states' rights doctrine was dangerous because it allowed each state to decide which laws were unconstitutional, claiming that a civil war would eventually result. The Alamo Texan uprising against General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna at the Alamo mission in 1836 at San Antonio TX when 200 Texans stood up against 3000 Mexicans under Santa Anna for independence

GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: The "Corrupt Bargain or 1824 Know: Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, King Caucus, Corrupt Bargain 1. What was unusual about John Quincy Adams's victory in the presidential election of 1824? Quincy Adams offered Henry Clay the role of Secretary of State if he persuaded the House of Representatives to vote for him as president, even though Andrew Jackson was the most fit to become president. A Yankee Misfit in the White House Know: John Quincy Adams 2. Was John Quincy Adams well suited to be president? Explain. John Quincy Adams was not well suited to be president because he was not elected by the people. He was elected through a corrupt bargain made with Henry Clay, who was also not fit to be president as well. Going "Whole Hog" for Jackson in 1828 Know: Old Hickory, Mudslinging, Rachel Robards 3. Describe the tone and tactics used in the 1828 election. The tone during the 1828 election was very harsh. National Republicans were sided with John Quincy Adams while Democratic-Republicans sided with Andrew Jackson. There was a lot of mudslinging going around, which spread rumors about presidential candidates. Old Hickory as President Know: Inaugural Brawl, King Mob 4. What was there about Andrew Jackson which made him a man of the people? Andrew Jackson was the first president from the west. He sided with the common man, and he shared many of the views of the western common man. For his Inauguration, instead of only inviting the rich and wealthy, he invited all of America. This resulted in the Inaugural Brawl. He was then also nicknamed King Mob because of the masses and mobs he brought to the white house. The Spoils System Know: Spoils System, Rotation in Office 5. Defend Andrew Jackson's use of the Spoils System. The Spoils System was a practice in which voters that voted for the winning president were offered government jobs. Jackson states that every man is as good as his neighbor, or perhaps equally better. He believed that the routine of Rotation in Office was simple enough for ant American to understand and that each generation of citizens deserved a chance of being a part of the government

The Tricky Tariff of Abominations Know: Tariff of Abominations (of 1828), Denmark Vesey 6. What circumstances led to the passage of the Tariff of Abominations? The passage of the Tariff of Abominations was brought on by Jackson. He felt as though tariffs were necessary to protect the United States against competition from European manufactured goods. The Southerners didnt like the Tariff of Abominations, and there were many rebellions and riots. "Nullies" in South Carolina Know: Nullies, Henry Clay, Tariff of 1833, Force Bill 5. Describe the nullification crisis. The Nullification Crisis happened during the period of time after the passing of the Tariff of Abominations. Many upset southern farmers and Nullies who wanted to nullify the tariff rebelled and refused to pay taxes. The Tariff of 1833 was passed soon after, which the southerners still did not like. Henry Clay, though a supporter of Tariffs, did not support Jackson. He held a compromise that reduced 10 percent of the Tariff of 1833. Because of the citizens refusal to pay taxes, the Force Bill was passed, which allowed the president to use the army to enforce the collection of taxes. The Trail of Tears Know: Cherokees, Five Civilized Tribes, Indian Removal Act, Trail of Tears, Indian Territory, The Bureau of Indian Affairs, Seminoles 8. What was particularly unfair about the treatment of the Cherokee Tribe? During the presidency of Washington, the Native Americans were guaranteed the right to their land unless treaties were involved. The Five Civilized Tribes, the Cherokees being one, were believed to have the ability to become civilized and be assimilated into white society. The Americans forced the Cherokees off of their land in the Indian Removal act, which led them on the gruesome Trail of Tears. The Bank War Know: Bank of the United States, Nicholas Biddle 9. Do you agree or disagree with Nicholas Biddles nickname, Czar Nicholas I? Explain. Yes because the suppressive power of the Bank of the United States under Nicholas Biddle was comparable to that of Czar Nicholas Is power with the communist regime of Russia. "Old Hickory" Wallops Clay in 1832 Know: Anti-Masonic Party 10. What two things were unique about the election of 1832? The election of 1832 was unique because a third party formed, called the AntiMasonic Party, which opposed the Masonic order. Another part that made the election of 1832 unique was the naming of candidates through national nominating conventions.

Burying Biddles Bank Know: Mandate, Pet Banks, Specie Circular 11. "Andrew Jackson's killing of the BUS forced him to issue the Specie Circular." Assess. Jacksons removal of the BUS left gaps in the economic system. Several state institutions called Pet Banks were given federal funds. These banks and Wildcat banks used paper money, which was not worth very much. The Specie Circular was then enforced to prevent states from purchasing property using paper money. The Birth of the Whigs Know: Democrats, Whigs 12. What is so alluring about being associated with the common man? Being associated with the common man makes more people want to side with you. The Democrats were sided with the common man, and therefore were sided with the people. The Whigs opposed Democratic actions and were sided with the wealthier peoples. The Election of 1836 Know: Favorite Son, William Henry Harrison, Martin Van Buren 13. Describe the development of the second party system from 1828-1836. The second party system began developing as the parties began arguing over a number of issues. The Whigs were unable to decide which candidate they preferred. They had different favorite sons, each with a different regional appeal. Big Woes for the "Little Magician" Know: Martin Van Buren 14. Why was Martin Van Buren unpopular? Van Buren was unpopular due to all the issues he had to take care of from the previous president. He didnt possess much control over rebellions that broke out through the north against slavery. Depression Doldrums and the Independent Treasury Know: Panic of 1837, Speculation, Divorce Bill, Independent Treasury 15. What caused the Panic of 1837, and what was done by the president to try and end it? The Panic of 1837 was caused by speculation, the Bank War, and the Specie Circular. Van Buren tried passing the Divorce Bill which divorced the government from the bank. Because of this so-called independent treasury, the government could lock up its surplus money. Gone to Texas Know: Stephen Austin, Davy Crockett 16. What made Texas so appealing to Americans? Texas was appealing to Americans because there was so much free land. Stephen Austin was granted large amounts of land for bringing into Texas three hundred American families.

The Lone Star Rebellion Know: Sam Houston, Santa Anna, Alamo, W. B. Travis, Goliad, Lone Star Republic, San Jacinto 17. How did Texas, a part of Mexico settled by Americans, become independent of both? Texas, filled with both Mexicans and Americans broke off of Mexico. After a number of battles, one of them being the battle at Alamo, massacre of Texans at Goliad by the Mexican Army, General Sam Houston attacked and sent Generalissimo Antonio de Santa Ana to the Battle of San Jacinto, which annihilated the Mexican army and captured Santa Anna, and as a result ended the War for Texas Independence. Because Texas was independent, it was called the Lone Star State. Makers of America: Mexican or Texan? Know: Moses Austin, Stephen Austin, Anglos 18. Did Texans ever really intend to become Mexican citizens, or did they feign allegiance to get land? They feigned allegiance because they still followed American rules and customs and ignored Mexican rules, laws, and regulations. Moses Austin intended to become a Mexican citizen, but the American families his son, Stephen Austin, contracted to bring with him did not. The Anglos did not abide to Mexican laws and officials, and when the government tried to impose its will on the people, they demanded the rights of a Mexican citizen stated in the Mexican Constitution. The Log Cabins and Hard Cider of 1840 Know: Log Cabin, Hard Cider, "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too" 19. What does the election of 1840 tell you about politics and voters in America at that time? The Whigs wanted the candidate that was the ablest vote-getter. They didnt want much conflict either, and when a Democrat insulted the Whigs, calling Harrison and impoverished old farmer who should be content with a pension, a log cabin, and a barrel of hard cider, they took the Log Cabin and Hard Cider as symbols of their campaign. The Whigs campaign was a masterpiece of inane hoopla. They used phrases such as Tippecanoe, and Tyler too, as slogans. The Two-Party System 20. Who were the Democrats and what did they believe? The Whigs? Democrats believed in the liberty of individual states rights. They believed there should be restraints on federalist power both socially and economically. They also sided with the common man. The Whigs sided with the wealthier peoples. They were against Democrats and against Jackson.