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: 8: Library of Congress; 13: National Portrait

Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; 14: The Bettmann Archive;
15: Library of Congress; 16: Harper & Bros; 19: Harvard
College Library; 23: Thaddeus A. Miksinski, Jr.; 25:
Library of Congress; 29: Acme Photos; 30: AP Images;
31: Library of Congress; 32: Pix Publishing, Inc.; 34:
AP Images; 35: AP Images; 37: AP Images; 39:
The Bettman Archive; 41: () AP Images () AP Images;
42: AP Images; 43: AP Images; 44: AP Images;
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Summer
Institute in American Literature

1621 . . .

Library of Congress

(orally
transmitted myths)
()

canoe () tobacco ()
potato () moccasin () moose ()
persimmon () raccoon () tomahawk (
) totem ( )
8

(Vinland Saga)
(Leif Eriksson)


11



(Epistola)
.. 1493
!


.. 1585


.. 1607

17

.. 1630 1690



"

17 18
(dogmatism)

(Quakers)

.. 1681

(..
1775-1783)

(James Fenimore Cooper)
(1789-1851)
%

 (Washington Irving)

(

)










()

&

 (Natty Bumpo)


..1823 (The Pioneers)

(Leather-Stocking Tales)



'

 .. 1740
1804










, .. ,



.. 1820

self-realization () self-expression (
) self-reliance ()



 ( )

(Romanticism)

(Transcendentalism)

(Rationalism) 18























.. 1838

(Harvard Divinity
(Ralph Waldo Emerson,
School)
.. 1803 - 1882)
30

!

(Nature) (1836)


[]

...






(Walden,
or Life in the Woods) (1854)
(

.. 1845 1847)
(Henry David Thoreau)

(1871 - 1862)
"

(Civil Disobedience)




20








(Walt Whitman)
(1819 - 1892)

(Leaves of
Grass) (.. 1855)
(Song of Myself)

#

20

(Emily Dickinson)

(1830 - 1886)

1950
$

, ,

(The Scarlet Letter)
(Moby Dick)


%

, (),
, ,

(Typee)
(Leatherstocking)
&








(Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym)

19




(Herman Melville)

(1819 - 1891)
(Typee)

'

 (Moby Dick The Whale)

(Pequod)

(manifest destiny)
(

(.. 1861 - 1865)

(self-made
man)

.. 1869 .. 1861


23
.. 1860 1910
.. 1860
1919
12



( )



.. 1860 1914

1860 1914
1

(
) (Samuel Clemens
(Mark Twain))
(1835 - 1910)


(Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)
19

19
()

.. 1884





"

(The Bear)
(On the Road) (Jack Kerouac)








(Henry James)
(1843 - 1916)

 (Leon Edel)

(The American) (1877) (Daisy Miller)
(1879) (The Portrait of a
Lady) (1881)

(The Bostonians)
(1886) (The
Princess Casamassima) (1885)

(The Wings of the
Dove) (1902)
(The Ambassadors) (1903) ()
(The Golden Bowl) (1904)

(perception)

$

(1917 - 1918)

(Big Boom)

1920

1920 (Roaring Twenties)

18 .. 1919
(speakeasies)


()

19 1920

. , ,



(The Sun
Also Rises) (1926) (This Side
of Paradise) (1920)

(the lost generation)
. . (The Waste Land) (1922)

()

&

 20


20













. . (T.S. Eliot)
(1888 - 1965)

. (The Love Song

of J. Alfred Prufrock) (1915)
(measured his life in
coffee spoons)
'



:
Let us go then, you and I,
When the evening is spread out against the sky
Like a patient etherized upon a table...
(The Waste
Land) (1922) (Inferno)
1 :
Under the brown fog of a winter dawn,
A crowd flowed over London Bridge, so many
I had not thought death had undone so many...

!

(
)


(Robert Frost)
(1874 - 1963)

(Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening) (1923):
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village, though;
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow.

1920 1930
.

1

.
(F. Scott Fitzgerald)

(1896 - 1940)
!

(This Side of
Paradise) (1920) 24


1924

(The Great Gatsby) (1925)




1920

, (Dreiser)
20


(Ernest Hemingway)

(1899 - 1961)
!

 1


, , .

(The Sun Also Rises)

(1926)
2
1940

(The Old Man and the Sea) (1952)

1953

1961

1
!!






(A Farewell to Arms) (1929)
(Im not a bit
afraid. Its just a dirty trick.)
:

(
)


(Wil iam Faulkner) (1897 - 1962)


(The Sound and the Fury) (1929) (As I
Lay Dying) (1930)

!"

 (Light in August) (1932)

(Absalom, Absalom!) (1936)

20

20 20

(Desire Under the
Elms) (1924)


(Eugene ONeill)
(1888 - 1953)

(The Iceman Cometh) (1946)
(Long Days Journey Into
Night) (1956)

!#

1930


2

1960

!$

(Sylvia Plath) (1932 - 1963)

(The Bell Jar)
(1963)

!%


1950

(Ariel) (1965)

.. 1958


(The
Applicant) (1966)
( )
A living doll, everywhere you look.
It can sew, it can cook.
It can talk, talk, talk.
!&

 (Beat poets)
1950
(downbeats)

(beatitude)
(beat up) (beatniks)


(Allen Ginsberg) (1926 - 1997)

(On the Road)
1957
1947

(spontaneous bop prose)


(counterculture) 1960




(1922 - 1969)
(1914 - 1997)

!'

(The Naked Lunch) (1959)

1990

(Howl) ()

I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by

madness, starving hysterical naked,
dragging themselves through the negro streets at dawn
looking for an angry fix, angelheaded hipsters burning
for the ancient heavenly connection to the starry
dynamo in the machinery of night...

20


"

(Tennessee Williams)
(1911 - 1983)

20
1940 (The Glass Menagerie) 1944)
(A Streetcar Named Desire) (1949)

(A Curtain of Green)
(1941)




(Eudora Welty)
(1909 - 2001)

"



(The Wide Net) (1943) (The
Golden Apples) (1949) (The Bride
of the Innisfallen) (1955) (Moon Lake) (1980)
(Delta Wedding) (1946)
(The Optimists
Daughter) (1972)

(Tuskegee Institute)

(Invisible
Man) (1952)

(Ralph Ellison) (1914 - 1994)

"

1976

(existentialist)
(Saul Bellow) (1915 - 2005)

(Dangling Man) (1944)
(Kafkaesque)
(The Victim) (1947)
1950

(The Adventures of Augie March)
(1953)

(Henderson the Rain King) (1959)

"!

""

(Herzog) (1964)

(romantic self) (Mr. Sammlers Planet)
(1970) (Humboldts Gift) (1975)
(The Deans December) (1982)
(Seize the Day) (1956)



(schlemiel)

(novelist of manners)

(Chekhovian)
(The Way

(John Cheever)
Some People Live) (1943)
(1912 - 1982)
(The Housebreaker of Shady Hill)

(1958)
(Some People, Places, and Things That Will Not Appear
in My Next Novel) () (The
Brigadier and the Golf Widow) (1964)
(The World of Apples) (1973)


(The Wapshot Scandal) (1964) (Bullet Park)
(1969) (Falconer) (1977)

(Rabbit)


(Rabbit,
Run) (1960)

(John Updike)
1950
(1932 - )
(Rabbit Redux) (1971)

"#

"$

1960

(Rabbit Is Rich) (1981)

1970
(Rabbit at Rest) (1990)

1980

1960 1970
(The Village Voice)

.

(Norman Mailer) (1923 - )

( (Sexual Politics)

(New Journalism)
(Miami and the Siege of Chicago) (1968)
1968
(The Executioners Song)
(1979)
(Ancient Evenings) (1983)
(Harlots Ghost) (1991)
()

(Toni
Morrison) (1931 - )

(The Bluest Eye) (1970)

"%




(Sula) ()

(Song
of Solomon) (1977)

(Beloved) (1987)

(magical realism)
(Jazz) (1992)
1920
1993

"&

20 21





2003 - 2004

(The Wild Iris)
(Louise Gl ck) (1943 - )
(1992)



It is terrible to survive / as consciousness /
buried in the dark earth.
From the center of my life came
a great fountain, deep blue
shadows on azure seawater.


( )


"'

(surrealism)



(Billy Collins)
(The Dead)
(1941 - )
:
(Sailing Alone Around the Room: New and Selected Poems) (2001)


The dead are always looking down on us, they say,
while we are putting on our shoes or making a sandwich,
they are looking down through the glass-bottom boats of
heaven
as they row themselves slowly through eternity.

#

(Heart Songs) (1988)
(The Shipping News) (1993)

 2006
(Brokeback Mountain)



(The Sportswriter) (1986)

(Independence (Annie
Proulx) (1935 - )
Day) (1995)










(Richard Ford) (1944 - )




(The Joy Luck Club)
#

 1993

(The Hundred Secret Senses) (1995)

(Amy Tan)
(The Bonesetters Daughter)
(1952 - )
(2001)
/

(Reservation Blues) (1995)
(The Lone
Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven) (1993)

(Smoke Signals) (1998)

(Sherman Alexie)
(The Toughest
(1966 - )
Indian in the World) (2000)
#