Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
.
.
.
.
:
2006 AP Images/
http://usinfo.state. gov/
pub/ejournalusa.html.
E-mail: eJournalUSA@state.gov
: ,
: ,
eJOURNAL USA
2008
?
?
?
.. 2008
2008
80
18
2008
2008
?
.
.
(Election Assistance Commission)
2008 ?
eJOURNAL USA 1
http://usinfo.state.gov/pub/ejournalusa.html
2008
4
14
.
Colby College
8 :
?
.
12
17
Lake Research Partners ..
2008
20
CEO
TM
INC. ..
eJOURNAL USA 2
24
...
The Washington Post
40 ?
6 5
21
.
Rutgers
28 -
Zogby International
..
American University
..
31
Cook Political Report
National Journal
46
47
2008
36 2008
Wiley Rein LLP ..
eJOURNAL USA 3
, , , , , ,
CNN, YouTube Google The Citadel .. 2007
Digital
Divide Network (www.digitaldivide.net) blog
Learning.now Public Broadcasting Service (www.pbs.org)
..
2008
1990
Pew Internet and American Life Project .. 2007
71
50
eJOURNAL USA 4
1990
Web logs blogs
Web 2.0 social media
1970
2000 blog
blog
netroots
.. 2004
blog
netroots
netroots
.. 1997
MoveOn.org
.. 2006
YouTube
eJOURNAL USA 5
Macaca ()
YouTube
macaca
UGC
blogger
blogger
.. 2004
2008
(user-generated content)
UGC
UGC
MySpace Facebook
UGC
Ipsos Inc.
2007 24
UGC
YouTube () Flickr
2006
() Pew Internet and American Life
Project 2006 40
UGC 1
7 blog
2008
2006
UGC macaca moment
2006
2008
. .
eJOURNAL USA 6
Change.org
Change.org
.. 2003
2008
2006
Web 2.0
Ning.com
Change.org
eJOURNAL USA 7
:
?
.
.. 2007
.
(Election Assistance Commission)
20
22
(-
)
90
eJOURNAL USA 8
2002
Help America
Vote Act (HAVA)
50
200
Help America Vote Act
HAVA
10
70
?
HAVA
?
(Election Assistance
Commission)
?
3,000
EAC (http://www.eac.gov)
2003
EAC
2006
.. 2000
EAC
hanging
pregnant dimpled
(National Institute of Science and
eJOURNAL USA 9
EAC
(Council of Europe)
(http://www.coe.int)
72
1.3
18
?
(e-democracy)
2007
Everyone Counts (http://www.everyonecounts.com)
300 65
(preferential ballots)
(Office of Democratic Initiatives
Overseas Vote Foundation and Human Rights)
(http://www.overseasvotefoundation.org) EAC
(Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe)
(http://www.osce.org), IFES (http://www.ifes.org), Carter Center
(http://www.cartercenter.org) Electionline (http://www.
electionline.org)
(U.S. Federal Voting Assistance Program)
(http://www.fvap.gov)
(Government Accountability Office)
(http://www.gao.gov)
American Idol 73
2004 62
American Idol
..
2006
1980
HAVA
(http://www.verifiedvoting.com)
eJOURNAL USA 11
18
18
20
2005
2004
17 1
18
8 .. 2005
.. 2006 2008
23
Green Bay
Press-Gazette
eJOURNAL USA 12
(primary)
.. 2006
1995
14 ..
2006
eJOURNAL USA 13
.. 2006
2008
.
Colby College
4
.. 2008
435
(
)
(..)
(divided
government)
eJOURNAL USA 14
(..)
.. 53
..
(..)
..
..
.. .. 1913 ..
19
..
99 .. ..
..
.. .. ..
()
.. ..
..
.. ..
(primary elections)
2008
(petition)
.. ..
..
95 ..
.. ..
..
..
.. ..
.. ..
eJOURNAL USA 15
2006
(primary) .. ..
.. ..
..
.. ..
.. ..
2008
2006
(divided government)
22 34
2008
60
30 ..
25
25
2006
2008
..
2008
.. ..
2008
eJOURNAL USA 16
2008
Lake
Research Partners ..
2008
Hispanic ()
68
11 2001
2008
2008 11
2001
19
11
(
1997 44
40 )
eJOURNAL USA 17
2004
19
( 20)
2006 72
( 74)
29
11
2001
11 81
( 41
)
.. 2002
23 ( 47 24)
.. 2006
44
37
2008
2006
82 ( 39)
( 43) 74
( 41
) 67
( 35 ) 72
( 39 )
2006
( 66)
.. 2006
( 43) ( 23) 5
29
55
28
16
29
24 16
11
10
48
65
56
50
eJOURNAL USA 18
21
17 1 3
( 31)
40
28
30 2008
2006
( 41
)
30
21
56
34
3
52
40
( 41
51 )
21
2008
(Vietnam Veterans of America)
eJOURNAL USA 19
40 CEO
TM inc. .. Woman Trend.
2008
?
?
?
?
1964
1980 1
(
)
eJOURNAL USA 20
( 2002, 2004
2006)
2004 2006
10
( 22)
( 15) /
/ 11
6
2
What Women Really Want: How American
Women Are Quietly Erasing Political, Racial, Class, and Religious
1980
59.4%
59.1%
1992
62.3%
60.2%
1996
55.5%
52.8%
2000
56.2%
53.1%
2004
60.1%
56.3%
2004
( 54.5) 18-24
40
65-74 29
26.1
/ ( 19.8) ( 17.4)
( 10.7)
( 9.7)
9 10
2
2004
2006 TM inc.
2006
2004
22%
15%
11%
11%
6%
6%
16%
23%
17%
16%
3%
7%
5%
5%
4%
2%
3%
2%
eJOURNAL USA 21
/
/
/
Medicare/
2008
10.4
12.8
75
81
49
15 ( 54)
25-64
20 30
50-64
2025 Hispanic ()
Gen Y 3
TM inc Lake Research Partners Lifetime
Television ( 54) Gen Y
( 1979 )
( 42) Gen Y
2
16
?
?
TM inc./Woman Trend
(Three Faces of Eve)
48
12
eJOURNAL USA 22
9
8
4
?
()
54%
9%
8%
7%
7%
4%
3%
2008
2008
?
-
2000 2004
2008
Hispanic
Newsweek 2007
88 85
60
56
92 93
59 58
2007
(
80
)
eJOURNAL USA 23
.. 2004
Washington Post
6.15 .
7.15 .
KXYZ-TV
7.30 .
Palm Restaurant 8.00 .
7.45 .
5 KXYZ
7.50 . KXYZ
Palm Restaurant
9.00 . Palm Restaurant
Avery Houston
(bible)
eJOURNAL USA 24
)
KXYZ
(AP
Reuters)
.. 2004
(Primary)
super primary
5 .. 2008
3 4
5 (Primary)
(
Caucus)
( Primary)
(primary)
Theodore
White The Making of the President 1960
eJOURNAL USA 25
.. 2007
Oval Office
(
)
eJOURNAL USA 26
BlackBerry
Washington Post
bible
Washington Star Washington Post
19.00 .
(primary)
20.00 .
16 23.00 .
( 50)
eJOURNAL USA 27
1960
Zogby International
Utica
..
.. 1984
?
?
()
?
?
?
?
2008
eJOURNAL USA 28
2008
( 80)
( 60) 2004
(Hispanic)
2005
4 92
Libertarian
1992
5 95
1996 6
105
2000 8.5
122 2004
2004
67
40
24
2005
2004 ( 5 2000)
()
2008
28
2006
2008
1960
2008
()
2006
24
(
)
.
53
. 47
. 56
50 .
50 44
2000
( CBS)
.
2-3
eJOURNAL USA 30
2006 7 .. 2006
.. 2008
.. 2008
Cook Political Report
National Journal
:
2006
?
: 80
(
)
:
:
?
:
20-30
eJOURNAL USA 31
:
?
:
20-30
Coral Gables
.. 2007
: Gallup 94
80
12 16 20
()
:
?
:
2008
20-30
: (primary
system)
:
:
5 ?
:
5
eJOURNAL USA 32
50 21
22 23
5
:
:
?
: 6-8
:
?
() ..
2007
:
600,000
:
:
: 2008
?
:
:
?
eJOURNAL USA 33
() , , , , , ,
2007
:
()
: ()
YouTube
()
YouTube
YouTube
:
2004
eJOURNAL USA 34
. 2000
.
2004
50
300,000
( )
200,000
:
2006
: 2000
?
: 2004 2000
eJOURNAL USA 35
2008
Mount Gilead
2006
Wiley Rein
LLP ..
Fox News, National Public Radio ABC News
2007
4 ..
2008
2008
2008
..
eJOURNAL USA 36
100
PAC
[http://www.fec.gov]
eJOURNAL USA 37
100
23
5,000
23
2,300
2,300
5,000
23
2,300
1,000
2,300
4,600
()
108,200
(
)
eJOURNAL USA 38
2008
2008
5
100
2007
2008 money primary
.. 1976
2000
2000 .
2008
2008
2004 270
75
235
75
2008
(2,300
2,000 2004)
2004 Center for Responsive Politics
2008
3,900
2000 30
eJOURNAL USA 39
(Electoral College)
.. 1787
Rutgers
.. 2004
American University ..
21
.
7 .. 2000
( 1789)
(
)
eJOURNAL USA 40
50
..
50
(
270 538 )
12
38
12
2000
. 500,000
537
(
)
2004
eJOURNAL USA 41
365 312,043
99 16
5 70
70
50
?
65
270
eJOURNAL USA 42
States Rights
1948
Hispanics
12
Hispanics
Hispanics 25
20
.. 2004
10 2007
270
2
1
eJOURNAL USA 43
220
1800
7
()
( .. 1966)
eJOURNAL USA 44
eJOURNAL USA 45
eJOURNAL USA 46
You Choose 08
http://www.youtube.com/youchoose
PrezVid: The YouTube Campaign-2008
http://www.prezvid.com/
Can I Vote?
http://www.canivote.org/
CIRCLE: Center for Information and Research on
Civic Learning and Engagement
http://www.civicyouth.org/
Generation Engage
http://www.generationengage.org/
eJOURNAL USA 47
eJOURNAL USA 48
eJOURNAL USA 49