Florence Nightingale 1820-1910

NURS 324 Fall 2012

A presentation by Sara Anderson, Cristin Barnaby, Sherry Brabon and Stephanie Olson

Introduction

Crimean War Increased rate of illness in her facility Investigation found standing sewage under hospital Beginning of public health

Introduction continued
Training was focused on: health promotion disease prevention research ethics safe work conditions multi-disciplinary approach nursing autonomy

Pioneer in Nursing

Introduced ethical principle 'do no harm' Taught basic hygiene practices Encouraged environmental sanitation Advocated for infection control by promoting sterilization and isolation Introduced evidence-based health care (Letizia, 2012)

Florence Nightingale believed the foundations of good health were:

1. Decent housing 2. Clean water and air 3. Good nutrition 4. Safe Childbirth 5. Good childcare
(McDonald, 2007)

Philosophic Views
Client centered with a holistic approach. Biological Psychological Social (Dossey, 2005)

Nightingale believed that nursing interventions and actions could meet, resolve and alleviate the needs and problems of the clients. ( Nightingale, 1860)

Theory Assumptions

Natural laws Mankind can achieve perfection Nursing is a calling Nursing is an art and a science Nursing is achieved through environmental alteration Nursing requires specialized education Nursing is distinct and separate from medicine (Selanders, 2010)

Environmental Adaptation Theory

Nightingale observed that healing and health could not occur in poor environments. "Environment could be altered to improve conditions so that the natural laws would allow healing to occur." Florence Nightingale ( Selanders, 2010)

Environmental Theory Continued...

* Ventilation and warming * Light * Noise * Cleanliness of rooms * Health of houses * Bed and bedding * Personal cleanliness These are referred to as Nightingale's 13 Canons (Nightingale, 1860) * Variety * Chattering hopes and advices * Taking food - What food? * Petty management * Observation of the sick

Nursing Paradigms

Nightingale's documents contain her philosophical assumptions and beliefs which regard all elements that are found in the metaparadigm of nursing.
(Selanders LC, 2010)

Four Global Concepts

1. Nursing:
o

Nursing is the "activities that promote health (as outline in canons) which occur in any caregiving situation. They can be done by anyone." (Nightingale, 1860) Extended outside of hospital and into environmental settings (Chitty & Black, 2011) People are composed of biological, psychological, social and spiritual components. All these components affect the patient and how they will achieve health.

2. Person:
o o

Global Concepts Continued

3. Health:
o

Health was focused on "not only to be well, but to be able to use well every power we have." (Nightingale, 1860)

4. Environment:
13 canons influence o Poor or difficult environments led to poor health and disease o Environment could be altered to improve conditions so that the natural laws would allow healing to occur
o

Nightingale's Theory & Nursing Practice

Nightingale's philosophy is influenced around the the effects of the environment and how it relates to the patient's health or recovery of their illness.

Consequences

More focus on physical factors rather than on psychological needs Current practice understands the psychological needs required for health

First of Her Kind

Informed Observation Innovative and Reflective

o o o

Kept Journals Developed Practice Defined the Profession

Completely Unique

Influences on her Theory

Observations
o

Crimean War Soldiers

Metaparadigm of Nursing
o

Person and Health Environment and Nursing

(Chitty 305-306)

Author of Global Concepts

Human Being Environment Health Nursing

Broad Spectrum

Environmental Theory in ALL Settings Holistic Nursing

Are YOU Interested in Learning More About Holistic

How Can I Use This Theory?

Focus on Health Observe Your Patient Collaborate with a Multidisciplinary Team Intersectoral Collaboration Take Action!

Case Study
Nightingale placed great value on altering the environment to promote health. What are some current issues where Nightingales theory may be applied? Explain.

References
Arseneault, A.-M. (2011, Winter). Florence Nightingale's beliefs and Primary Health Care (PHC). Info Nursing, 42(3), 25+. Retrieved from http://0go.galegroup.com.libcat.ferris.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE %7CA276353110&v=2.1&u=lom_ferrissu&it=r&p=AONE&s w=w Chitty, K. & Black, B.(2011). Professional nursing: concepts & challenges. Maryland Heights, MO: Saunders Elsevier Dossey, B. (2005). Florence Nightingale and holistic nursing. NSNA Imprint, Feb/March 2005, 56-58. Retrieved from: http://www.nsna.org/Portals/0/Skins/NSNA/pdf/Imprint_Feb

References
Letizia, Marilo. (2012). Infection prevention and control, starting with Flo. MedSurg Nursing, 19(6), 315-316. Retrieved from: http://0go.galegroup.com.libcat.ferris.edu/ps/retrieve.do? sgHitCountType=None&sort=DASORT&prodId=ITOF&tabID=T002&subjectParam=Q1&resultLi stType=RESULT_LIST&searchId=R1&displaySubject=Nighting ale %2C+Florence&searchType=SubjectGuideForm&contentSegm ent=&currentPosition=16&subjectAction=VIEW_SUBDIVISION S&searchQueryId=Q1&inPS=true&userGroupName=lom_ferris su&contentSet=GALE%7CA246717209&&docId=GALE| A246717209&docType=GALE&role= McDonald, L. (2007). The collected works of Florence Nightingale. Retrieved from:

References

Nightingale, F. (1860). Notes on nursing: What it is and what it is not. London: Harrison. Retrieved from: http://books.google.com/books?id=YxIDAAAAQAAJ&printsec=fron Selanders, L.C. (2010). The power of environmental adaptation: Florence Nightingale's original theory for nursing practice. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 28(1), 81-89. doi: 10.1177/0898010109360257 Theory of Florence Nightingale. (2012). Retrieved from: http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/Florence_Nightingale _theory.html