FABRICATION OF HYDRAULIC FORKLIFT

Submitted by AJMAL ABDUL JABBAR (090111804002) BIJESH V.D. (090111804012) FARIS K. (090111804018)

Project Guide Mr. N.GURUMOORTHY ASST. PROFESSOR DEPT. OF MECHANICAL ENGG.

THE KAVERY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

ANNA UNIVERSITY COIMBATORE 641047 APRIL 2012

ABSTRACT
FLUID POWER
APPLICATIONS FORKLIFT CONSTRUCTION WORKING MATERIALS USED ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

FLUID POWER
A fluid power system is defined as a means of power transmission in which a relatively incompressible fluid is used as the power transmitting media The primary purpose of fluid power system is the transfer of energy from one location to another and this energy into useful work

TYPES OF FLUID POWER

There are mainly two types of fluid power systems: Hydraulic Power System( employing liquids) Pneumatic Power System(employing air)

PASCALS LAW
Pascals law states that the pressure applied anywhere to a confined liquid is transmitted equally to every portion of the surface of the containing vessel. When a force is applied to the liquid by a piston, the liquid transmits this force equally to all surfaces of the container.

PASCALS LAW(Contd.)

FORKLIFT
WHAT IS A FORKLIFT?

A forklift truck (also called a lift truck, a fork truck, a forklift, or a tow-motor) is a powered industrial truck used to lift and transport materials
WHY USE FORKLIFT? To reduce the human effort To make the work easy and simple To reduce the time taken

COMPONENTS
HYDRAULIC CYLINDER
PUMP STRUCTURE ARM WHEELS HYDRAULIC FLUID

HYDRAULIC CYLINDER
They convert the pressure

energy of fluid into mechanical output to perform useful work The fluid power is converted into straight line reciprocating motion

ARM
It is made by joining pieces of

steel and made into a frame The arm is used to load the objects on it

HYDRAULIC FLUID
Hydraulic fluids, also called hydraulic liquids, are the

medium by which power is transferred in hydraulic machinery Common hydraulic fluids are based on mineral oil or water The primary function of a hydraulic fluid is to convey power In use, however, there are other important functions of hydraulic fluid such as protection of the hydraulic machine components

WHY PREFER HYDRAULCS OVER PNEUMATICS?

The force required to accelerate oil is many times

greater than that required to accelerate an equal volume of air Liquids also exhibit greater viscosity than gases. This results in larger frictional pressure Due to compressibility of air, it is impossible to obtain a precise control of actuator velocities in pneumatic systems

PROPOSED MODEL
fork lift
structure

cylinder and piston Assly pump arm wheels

MATERIALS USED
NAME OF THE COMPONENTS MATERIALS QTY. Hydraulic pump(linear type pump) Steel 1

Cylinder

M.S rod

Piston

M.S with chromium

Ram

M.S rod

Spring

M.S

Nipple

M.S rod

M.S plate End plate

Hydraulic fluid

SAE 40 Oil

Structure

M.S.Plate

WORKING PRINCIPLE
The hydraulic cylinder consists of a hollow tube sealed

at one end with a movable, lubricated piston fitting into the other The hydraulic fluid is present inside the cylinder which acts as the force medium for this operation It enters the bottom of the cylinder through a special "one way" valve that allows fluid to enter without leaking back out

WORKING PRINCIPLE(Contd.)
After fork lift is loaded, the pump is pumped in order

to actuate the hydraulic cylinder As the amount of oil in the cylinder increases, so does the pressure inside it This pressure, applied across the area of the piston head, results in a net upward force This upward push causes the piston to move up, which increases the volume of the fluid and decreases the pressure

FABRICATED MODEL

COST ESTIMATION
MATERIAL S.NO COMPONENT QUANTITY USED 1 Hydraulic pump 1 M.S 3200 COST(RS)

Cylinder &Internal 2 structure and machining work 3000

3 4

Hydraulic fluid Moving Ram

1 1

M.S

350 1000

TOTAL 7550

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES
The process uses low- cost

DISADVANTAGES
Machining work is very

energy source Large machines frames are not required on the process No extra skill is required for operating this system Easier maintenance Less loss in power transmission

complicated Very sturdy base needed Hydraulics components cost is high

CONCLUSION
Thus we are able to reduce the effort and time taken by

manual operation using forklift Also there is less vibration when compared to other mechanisms and therefore even fragile materials can be easily handled