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solid solvent
1)
H - G
S
A A
A
2)
H
S
A
A
3)
G
S
A
A
4)
S
H
A
A
2. Freezing point of a solution is smaller than that point of a solvent. It is due to
1) AH of solution and solvent is almost identical since intermolecular forces between solvent molecules are
involved
2) AS of the solution is larger than that for the solvent
3) AS of the solution is smaller than that of the solvent
4) AH of solution is much higher than of solvent but AS of solution is smaller than that of the solvent
3. Select correct statement:
1) Solution has more molecular randomness than a pure solvent has, the entropy change between solution
and solid is larger than the entropy change between pure solvent and solid
2) Heats of fusion of solution and solvent are similar since similar forces of intermolecular forces are
involved
3) Sugar containing solution freezes at a lower temperature than pure water
4) All are correct statements
4. 60g of urea is dissolved in 1100g solution. To keep
f
T K A as 1 mol/kg, water separated in the form of ice is
1) 40g 2) 60g 3) 100g 4) 200g
V. Read the following fact and answer the questions at the end of it.
Osmosis, like all colligative properties, results from an increase in entropy as pure solvent passes through
the membrane and mixes with the solution.
1. Desalinating of sea water is now done using
1) reverse osmosis 2) osmosis 3) filtration 4) evaporation
2. Red blood cells are placed in a solution and neither hemolysis nor crenation occurs. Therefore the solution is
1) hypertonic 2) hypotonic 3) isotonic 4) isotropic
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3. The passage of a solvent across a semipermeable membrane because of concentration differences is called
1) dialysis 2) hemolysis 3) hydration 4) osmosis
5. Match the terms with definitions
Term Definition
I : Hemolysis A : the shrinking of a red blood cell when placed in a solution of greater
osmolarity than the cell itself
II : Crenation B : refers to two solutions of same osmolarity
III : Hygroscopic C : refers to a solution having a greater osmolarity than 0.30 osmol, the
osmolarity of normal red blood cells
IV : Hypertonic D : an ionic compound which attracts water molecules from the atmosphere
V : Isotonic E : the swelling and bursting of a red blood cell when placed in a solution
of lower osmolarity than the cell itself
Matching codes are :
I II III IV V I II III IV V
1) A B C D E 2) E D C B A
3) E D B C A 4) E A D C B
VI. Read the following statement and answer the questions at the end of it.
The partial vapour pressure of any volatile component of an ideal solution is equal to the vapour pressure
of the pure component multiplied by the mole fraction of that component in the solution.
1. At a given temperature, total vapour pressure in Torr of a mixture of volatile components A and B is given by
P=120-75 X
B
hence vapour pressure of pure A and B respectively in Torr.
1) 120, 75 2) 120, 195 3) 120, 45 4) 75, 45
2. A mixture contains 1 mol. volatile liquid A (
0
A
p = 100 mm Hg) and 3 mol volatile liquid B (
0
B
p = 80 mm Hg).
If solution behave ideally, total vapour pressure of the distillate is approximately:
1) 85mm Hg 2) 86mm Hg 3) 90mm Hg 4) 92mm Hg
3. Moles of K
2
SO
4
to be dissolved in 12 mol. water to lower its vapour pressure by 10mm Hg at a temperature at
which vapour pressure of pure water is 50mm Hg is
1) 3 mol 2) 2 mol 3) 1 mol 4) 0.5 mol
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VII. Answer the questions (given below) which are based on the following
diagram.
Vapour pressure plots of benzene-toluene mixtures at 20
0
C. Solutions
of benzene and toluene are ideal. Raoults law is valied for both
components over the entire range of concentration.
1. An ideal solution consisting of two components A and B (such as benzene and toluene) is one in what
1) the intermolecular attractions A, . A, B, .. B and A . B are equal
2)
mix mix
H = 0, V = 0 A A
3) both of the above conditions are followed
4) none of the above conditions is followed
2. There is deviation from ideal behaviour if mixture contains:
1) n-hexane and n-heptane 2) chlorobenzene and bromobenzene
3) o-xylene and p-xylene 4) acetone and chloroform
VIII. Answer the questions (given below) which are based on the following diagram.
Vapour pressure diagram for real solutions of two liquids A and B that exhibit a negative deviation from
Raoults law. The vapour pressure of both A and B are less than predicted by Raoults law. The dashed
lines represent the plots for ideal solutions
1. Solution containing components A and B shows this type of deviation from ideal behaviour when
Attraction A B AH
mix
AV
mix
b.p.
1) larger than average of A .. A, B B +ve +ve larger than expected
attraction
2) as in (a) - ve - ve as in (a)
3) smaller than average of A A, B B +ve +ve smaller than expected
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attraction
4) as in (c) +ve +ve as in (c)
2. This type of deviation is also expected in the following mixture
1) ethanol and cyclohexane 2) ethyl bromide and ethyl chloride
3) benzonitrile and ethyl cyanide 4) diethyl ether and chloroform
IX. Answer the questions (given below) which are based on the following
diagram.
Vapour pressure diagram for real solution of two liquids A and B that exhibit
a positive deviation from Raoults law. The vapour pressure of both A and B
are greater than predicted by Raoults law. The dashed lines represented the
plots for ideal solutions.
1. Consider some facts about the above phase diagram
(A) This is observed when A B attractions are greater than average of A A and B B attraction
(B)
mix mix
AH = +ve, V +ve A =
(C) Boiling point is smaller than expected such that vaporization is increased
(D) It forms azeotropic mixture
Select correct facts :
1) A, B, C 2) B, C, D 3) A, C, D 4) A, B, C, D
2. Total vapour pressure of mixture of 1 mol. of volatile component
( )
0
A
A p = 100 mm Hg and 3 mol. volatile
component B
( )
0
B
p = 60 mm Hg is 75mm. For such case
1) there is positive deviation from Raoults law
2) boiling point has been lowered
3) force of attraction between A and B is smaller than that between A and A or between B and B
4) all the above statements are correct
X. Read the following sentence and answer the question at the end of it.
In case of positive and negative deviations shown by mixture of two solvents the boiling point composition
curves have minima or maxima.
1. Select correct statement(s) about this mixture of solvents
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1) Separation of such mixture into their components cant be obtained by simple or fractional distillation
2) Mixture is called azeotropic mixture
3) Mixture boils at a constant temperature and distills over without undergoing any change in the
composition
4) Ethanol-water system shows positive deviation.
XI. Read the following sentence and answer the questions at the end of it.
Benzoic acid dimerises in benzene but ionizes in aqueous solution
1. Equimolal solutions of (A) benzoic acid in benzene and (B) in aqueous solution are taken. Thus
1) vant Hoff factor of (A) > (B) 2) vant Hoff factor of (A) < (B)
3) vant Hoff factor of (A) = (B) 4) dimmer formation or ionisation is not possible
2. In the following equilibrium
2 4 2
N O (g) 2NO
NO
2
is 50% of the total volume. Hence, degree of dissociation (x) and vant Hoff factor (i) respectively are
1) 0.5, 1.5 2) 0.25, 1.25 3) 0.33, 1.33 4) 0.66, 1.66
3. Which has maximum freezing point?
1) 6g urea solution in 100g H
2
O 2) 6g acetic acid solution in 100g H
2
O
3) 6g sodium chloride in 100g H
2
O 4) all have equal freezing point
4. Aluminium phosphate is 100% ionized in 0.01 mol. aqueous solution. Hence
b b
T K A is
1) 0.01 2) 0.015 3) 0.0175 4) 0.02