Honors Chemistry

Name: Nicole Lui Period: 3 Date: 1/11/13

U n i t 2 : M o l e C o n c e p t

Hydrated Compound Lab

Lab: ou !ill be "i#en a hydrated compound by your teacher$ ho!e#er the number o% !ater molecules in the hydrated compound is missin" %rom the label& our 'ob is to determine the %ormula o% the hydrated compound by determinin" the number o% !ater molecules that attach to a %ormula unit& (hen state the %ormula o% the hydrated compound and name this compound& Purpose: (o determine the %ormula o% the hydrated compound by determinin" the number o% !ater molecules that attach to a %ormula unit& Procedure: 1&)ei"h the crucible 2&Measure a small amount o% the hydrated compound and mass the crucible !ith the compound inside

3&Put the crucible on the clay trian"le on the rin" stand and li"ht a bunsen burner under it

*&Heat the compound until all the !ater has le%t +the compound should turn !hite,

-&)ei"h the crucible .&Calculate to %ind the mass o% salt and !ater Materials: - Clay (rian"le - /in" 0tand - (on"s - 1unsen 1urner - Li"hter - 1alance - Crucible - Hydrated Compound Data: Mass Crucible Crucible !ith Hydrated Compound 3%ter Heatin" !ith Crucible 12&2*" 21&2*" 24&32"

Hydrated 0alt +be%ore heatin", Dehydrated 0alt +a%ter heatin", )ater

3&44" 1&*2" 1&-2"

Calculations: Mass o% hydrated compound: 21&2*" 5 12&2*" 6 3"

Mass o% dehydrated salt: 24&32" 5 12&2*" 6 1&*2" Mass o% !ater: 21&2*" 5 24&32" 6 1&-2" Converting to Moles:

)hat is the mole ratio o% the ionic compound to the !ater7

)hat is the %ormula o% the reactant hydrate compound7

)hat is the name o% this compound7 Copper +88, Chloride Nonahydrate

Discussion Questions: Ma9e sure to address the %ollo!in" :uestions in your discussion section: )ould the error cause your ratio to increase or decrease7 1&)hat !as the actual ratio you obtained +!ith all si"ni%icant di"its,7 )hat !as your rounded ratio to !hole numbers7 8s your actual ratio hi"her or lo!er than the rounded ratio7 /esearch !hat the actual ratio should be& 8s your ans!er too hi"h or too lo!7 )hat is the percent error7 ; <rror:

(he actual ratio is supposed to be -H2= : 1Cu0=*

(he percenta"e error is *-;&

2&Ho! !ould your ratio chan"e i% you did not dehydrate the compound %ully7 8% the compound !as not %ully dehydrated$ it means the !ater !ould still be !ith the compound& (his !ould result in a "reater mass o% the anhydrous compound causin" a lo!er mol ratio& 3&0uppose some o% the compound %ell out o% the test tube be%ore heatin" but a%ter massin"& Ho! !ould that chan"e your ratio7 8t !ould a%%ect the %inal mass o% the compound because it !ould be less than it should ha#e been& (he compound that %ell out o% the test tube !ould ha#e been measured at the #ery be"innin" but it !ould not ha#e been included in the %inal measurement$ this results in a "reater ratio o% !ater to salt& *&Ho! !ould your ratio chan"e i% the test tube !as !et !hen the hydrated compound !as added to it at the be"innin" o% the e>periment7 (he measurements !ould ha#e sho!n that the !ater %rom the test tube !as part o% the !ater %rom the compound& (his !ould ha#e resulted in a "reater ratio %or !ater in our calculations& -&Ho! !ould your ratio relate to another "roup?s !ho used the same compound$ i% you used 2&4 "rams and they used 2&- "rams7 (hou"h the #olume !ould be di%%erent$ the ratio and percenta"es o% salt and !ater should be the same as the ratio is calculated by usin" one %ormula unit o% Copper 0ul%ate to !ater molecules so the amount o% compound used !ill not chan"e anythin"& .&0u""est !hat mi"ht happen i% you le%t the anhydrous compound to sit o#erni"ht be%ore !ei"hin" it %or your data7 8% this !ere to happen$ the anhydrous compound !ould ha#e absorbed moisture %rom the air o#erni"ht and the mass o% the compound !ould ha#e been increased and the mass o% !ater !ould ha#e been less& (his !ould ha#e caused a smaller mole ratio& @&8% you could impro#e this lab$ !hat !ould you do di%%erently and !hy7 Discuss at least three %easible impro#ements and !hy !ith re%erence to the other discussion :uestions and errors& +Note: relate this to A1 and the ans!ers %or the other :uestions, (here are de%initely some minor thin"s 8 !ould ha#e paid more attention to because errors on those !ould ha#e caused ma'or calculation mista9es& Birst$ 8 !ould ma9e sure there !ere nothin" in the crucible at the #ery start because e#en a drop o% !ater !ould ha#e a%%ected the %inal results& 8 !ould also ma9e sure the mass o% the compound and crucible !ere accurate& 3nother thin" 8 could ha#e de%initely impro#ed on !ould be heatin" the compound lon"er to ma9e sure there !as de%initely no !ater le%t in there& 3ll o% these thin"s de%initely contributed to the %inal percenta"e error& Conclusion Statement: )rite a one to t!o sentence statement to conclude !hat you did in your lab$ !hat !as your actual and ho! did it compare to your theoretical& 3%ter calculatin" the ratio o% !ater to Cu0=*$ the ratio !e "ot !as a lot bi""er than the actual& (he percenta"e error o% our calculations is *-;&