:

100 :

2
1

:
91/3/4 :

90-91

) -( : .
) -( : .
) -( : 9.

45 36 = 9

-
.

Si > Cl

- .

C N >C = N

- HF HCl
.

HF > HCl

NaCl - Cl2
.
3

CaCl 2 = 40 + 2(35.5) = 111

(a b )M (1.47 1.11) 111
=n
=
=2
18b
18 1.11

4S 1

3d 5

3S 2 3P 6

2S 2 2P 6

M = 1S 2

1
1/5

4 -
- 16 3 16

X = 3P 4

- A F .C , D -

D -
.
D - C 2 13 .
-
.
D - D .

1
1/5

-
-

+6

2
7

Cr2O

12

+7

HClO 3

FeCO3

KMnO4

BaSO4

)(II

PBr3

N 2O 5

LiNO3

Ag2O

(NH4)3PO4

- O F N

-
.
-
.
-
.
1
- SO3
3

10

1.

- .
P F < P Cl

- .
CH 3 CH 3 < CH 2 = CH 2

- .
CCl 4 < CBr4

-
.

2/5

11

SO2

120

NO2+

180

H3PO4

12

1/5

-3
O
CH2 CH3

CH3-CH2-C-H

CH3 CH2 CH
CH2 CH3
-3

OH-CH2C10H12O3

C-O-C2H5
O

13

CH 2O = 12 + 2 + 16 = 30

-
C -
.

90
= x
= 3 C 3 H 6O 2
30